DOCSLIB.ORG

Kaip Plečiamas Naujasis Imperializmas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kaip Plečiamas Naujasis Imperializmas DC 200 m ttBRĄRY CF co:: G:- CTT REFtREtCE . IS -ERIALS DIVIS: y:- J, 3H- • D.e. - • LAiSVOoO PA8AUUO U0TUV1U OltNHAftTja f^mTOT CHTCLACO TTj.-JMOVd bw2S TI-HE UTHUAIMIAIM WORLD-WIDE DAlLY TELEEHONU! (212) 655^500 mn1 <• iimi—MM«< VoL LXX Kaina 15 c. PENKTADIENIS *Y 3Ev Nr. 120 , jfclfa«ig''-i'i-*- > ^-.-^*fc- - Didžiosios spaudos puslapiuose Kissingeris lankysis Švedijoj Stockholmas. — Henry Kis­ Kaip plečiamas naujasis singeris, baigęs NATO užsienio reikalų ministerių konferencijos darbus Oslo mieste, gegužės 23 - 25 dienomis apsilankys Stock- holme. Bus tai iš viso pirmas imperializmas valstybės sekretoriaus vizitas Švedijai. Neformaliai pasikalbės su ministerių pirmininku Olof Pietų Jemenas per trumpą laiką liko sovietinio tipo policine valstybe Palme. Amerikos ir Švedijos santy­ Washmgt»nas. — Žiauri iato- tironija, įvedama vietoj demo- modernių MIG-21, tiek pat še­ kiai kiek pagerėjo Vietnamo ka­ rinė ironija, kai sovietai, kurie kratijos, prisidengdama jos var- nesnių MIG-17, sausumos ka- rui pasibaigus. Vienu metu šve­ savo propaganda tiek daug re- du. Naujasis imperializmas įve- riuomenei davė 250 tankų, tarp dų dauguma manė, kad Amer> kia apie kitų kraštų imperializ- damas pietryčių Azijoje, Pietų jų ir modernių T-54 ir T-55. Pas- ka sudaro didesnį pavojų taikai mą, patys praktikuoja dar di- Amerikoj. Afrikoj ir Viduriniuo- kui atvyko patarėjai. Šiandien nei Sovietų sąjunga, beveik du dėsnį imperializmą plačiausia šiuose Rytuose. Įvedamas viso- jų yra tarp 3 ir 4 tūkstančių. milijonai iš 8 mii. gyventojų prasme, sako sindikatinė j spau- kiais būdais, dažniausia dova- To neužteko; kad neatrodytų švedų paširs:ė protestą prieš doj Jack A-'-dersoa. nų pavidale, sugebant prisitai- arabams per daug vienašališka. bombardavimus Vietname. Nix- Naujos rūšies imperializmas, kyti prie vielos sąlygų. Anks- nutarė duoti tarptautini atspal- onas buvo tiek supykęs, kad kurį vykdo sovietai, yra t'kra čiau ar vėliau t:e kraštai lieka vį ir atsiuntė tarp 3 ir 4 Simų atšaukė ambasadorių. Kampani- sovietų satelitais. rytų vokiečių ir daugiau negu į ja apie Amerikos "imperializmą" 2 šimtus kubiečių. Patarėjai ir tebetęsiama ir dabar. Laukia­ jos įzy, di.wU.Uub O J~\. Ryškiausias pavyzdys yra ka- instruktoriai teikia karinius pa- ma, kad ir KissingerĮ pasitiks daise buvęs bntų protektorate irimus, ^t dar daugiau politi- demonstrantai su antiamerikie- Pietų Jemenas. Į ji patekti sun- ^^ p^ ^^ vokiečiai užvai­ tiškais šūkiais. • ••-». ko. Ten joks amerikietis laik- dė vidaus reikalų ministeriją, "Miegančioji torpeda" frU >.-» raštininkas negali įžengti, bet ^^ vaistybę paversdami sovie- ATVIJOS P06RINll/Li U Su Indija Anderson sako, jis surinkęs f ak- tinio stiiiaus kolonija. Ketvirtis — nepaprastas tus kitokiais būdais, svarbiau- ^Sų gyventojų pajungti sekti ir Amerikos ginklas bendradarbiauti sia iš pabėgėlių lūpų, Pabėgėtių vienas kitą šnipinėti. Suiminėji- ATSIŠAUKIMAS iš ten yra labai daug. Per pas- mams ir tardymams nėra gaio. neįmanoma kutiniuosius kelerius metus pa- pabėgėliai pasakoja, kokių žiau Briuselis. — "Monitor" pra- Ryga. — Ok. Latvijoj prade-; Visos komunikacijų priemo-' Ottavra. — Kanaoa Indijai sitraukė beveik pusė tautos. Kol rjų priemonių imamasi išgauti I neša apei naują amerikietišką jo plisti toks pogrindžio atsišau- nės yra tik komunistų rankose. i; pranešė, kad atominis bendra- imperialistai"' britai valdė, c:e- parodymams. Kankinami net j ginklą, pavadintą Captor. Kailį^^^ kas iš krašto nebėgo ir gyven- suimti vaikai ir moterys. ! apie tai išgirdo NATO vadovai, Į "'Latvijos Neprtklausomy tojų buvo 1.33C.O0O. o nuo sovie- Q&n ^ kad ^ buvo tiesiog apstulbę. Amerika sąjūdžio ir Latvijos Demokra­ tų šeimininkavimo pradž.os iki lir£>nij } ^„^; pagamino Gaptcr labai slaptai, tinio jaunimo komiteto kvieti­ kai Indija išsprogdino atominę dabar liko tik 800.000 vis sunkiau.„„,,,„„ , ^.ZTiZZ^ir apie sovist ų *~dar-J ' Captor galima pavadinti "mie- mas Latvijos gyventojams. ! rna šitai priespaudai. gančia torpeda". Ji guli jūros į L^ į/LEj^ atstovai,! LNK ir LDJK kviečia visvs bombą, Kanada nustojo bend­ Pietų Jemenas yra tikra So- belius vienoj arabų valstybėlė j Mes radarbiauti. Paskuti nįuoy* metu dugne Kai ^girsta artėjant] j pareikšdami latvių ^utos norus į kuriems brangi laisvė, tautos S| vietą Są jungos marionetė., pati jau žino platusis arabų ir jų kai- buvo vedamos derybos apie ato­ žiaur'ausia policinė valstybė, sa- mynų pasaulis. Jie jau bus at " l ir siekdami savai valstybei ne- į nepriklausomybė ir dercekrati- minių reaktorių apsaugą ir ga­ ko kolumnis*as. Prasidėjo nuo sargesni su Maskvos ''dovano- ] bunda", išlenda iš savo dėžes j priklausomybės, laisvės, taikos j ja, veikti šia linkme: i ir tyliai pasiveja taikinį. Nuo rantijas, kad jie bus naudojami •'dovanų"- Maskva atsiuntė 20 mis". ar socialinio progreso, katego-1 1. Dar stipriau pakelk'te pro- tik taikos reikalams, bet dery­ Arabų vaikai. Jemenas jos pasislėpti ar pabėgti nega­ f riškai pasmerkiame Sovietų Są- i esto balsą prieš Sovietų ,?ąjun- bos nepavyko. lima. Jeigu ji nepataikys į laivą jungos imperialistinę agresiją į gos agresyvią politiką ir dėl ispiraio^arto, ji grįš ir smeigs, ijo valstybes 1910 Latvijos ir viso Pabaltijo tau-- •^Kanadoiuoss °^opozicinėaaj^ s ?partijoai s 1 mil. dol. algos — prieš Pabalt : antrą, trečią kartą, ir t. t Tor- • mstais *in o k'aisvuiirro- į spaude premjerą Pierre Tru- pėda galės būti užtaisyta ir a- ,. , . , o n t d '? J^,;^ J deau su Lndi ja nebendrauti, PASIDŽIAUGĖ \ "KIETUOS per daug pėda galės būti užtaisy A 2. Energingavw na i ir drąsiai a^|SiliS«f S tott^ti atominiu sprogmeniu. lų propagandos, masių dezorien denkime nusižengimus Drieš de-1į *^nei ukitom reaktoris šalimsų neduO, kuriow sne neturi ]ai.i SUSKALDYMO [THSHttMU New York. — ABC akcininkų tacijos ir sovietinės agresijos mokratiją. žmogaus teises :r į- .•statymus Sovietų Sąjungoje. į pastovios valdžios ir negalima susirinkime buvo smarki kriti­ Dar apie žemes sąlygose. j pasitikėti. Rytų Vokietijos komunistų kongresas ka vadovybės elgesio, kad nau­ Visti demokratinių jėgų pa­ jai vakarinių žinių prs nešėjai drebėjimą Uzbekistane reiga yra bendromis jėgomis pa­ Buenos Aires. — Buvusi Ar­ Berlynas. — Naujuose Res- j nas padaro pastoviomis ir Vo- Barbarai VVaiters per penkerius žaboti sovietinius agresorius, gentinos prezidentė Isabel Pe- priversti juos gerbti visur pri­ publikos rūmuose prasidėjo Ry-1 kieti jos suskaldymą Įteisina vi-; metus bus mokama po vieną mi­ Maskva. — Žemės drebėjimas, Sufabrikavo ronienė iš savo ramų arešto ne­ pažintas tarptautines gyvenimo tų Vokietijos komunistų, pasi- šiems laikams. Vakarų Vokie- 'ijoną dolerių atlyginimo. Akci- I prieš kelias dienas buvęs Uzbe- toli Čilės sienos buvo atvežta į Solženicino "laiska" normas ir Jungtinių Tautų nu­ vadinusių social:stų unija, 9-sis tijoj kylą balsai apie Vokietijų ninkai tratino, kad niekas tiek; kistane tikrai buvo didesnis nei Buenos Aires ir apklausinėta tarimus. kongresas. Prasidėjo su plaka-' suvienijimą vra "reakcionierių,; nėra vertas, negaus tiek nei .šiaurės Italijoj. Maskva neskel- Jos teismas bus vėliau. Stanford, Cal. — Aleksand- tais ir vėliavomis, pabrėžiant revanšistų balsai". Harry Reasoner, kuns su ja! bia žuvusių skaičiaus, bet be PasiraSė: LNK ir LDJK Lugano italų laikrašt5g "Gior- kartu skaitys žinias. j namų, sako. buvo 10,000 žmo- dras Solženicinas, kuris Stan- 'jėgą.- per proletariato dikta- Svarbiaushl Honeckerio kal- fordo umversitete renka medžią 1976 m. kovas. nale del Popolo" 1975 m. vasario tūrą". Atidar>mno dieną pirma- i^jaugytoju buvo sovietų at­ Leonard Goldenson, ABC ta-1 nių. Kraštas \Ta retai apgyven- • koj_. Memorandume pažymėta lei- i 3 laidoje Įdėjo ilgą Milan Boehm fcos rybos pirmininkas, gindamas dintas, todėl tiek namų galėjo g% s&v<> naudai Knygai sis sekretorius Erieh Honecker fc,p0grafl3a F apie stovas, vyr. komunizmo ideolo-1 %££ tvirtino, ^Barbara būti sugriauta tik dideliam plo-! fievikų revoUucija 1917 metais,; į^./^ ^ į ***** ^°^ ™£į kalbėjo penkias valandas apie ; (E.) pakels televizijos tinklo vertę te. atskleidė dar vieną sovietų me­ viską, bet daugiausia apie į savo žody kaltino atoslūgio prie- ir patrauks daugiau žiūrovų. lagystę ir KGB sugebėjimą su-j šią ideologinę kovą". | šus, kurstančius naują pasaulinį fabrikuoti bet kieno parašą ir; Honeckerio pastabos daugiau­ I karą. Amerikoj padirbti laiškus bei dekumen-į sia buvo skinamos Vakarų ko- i Vokieti:JOS kerštautojai ir mao- Pabrangs 48.8 mil. kataliku tus. šveicarų laikraštininkai da- i munistinių partijų adrpsu. ku- ; sujungtomis jėgomis grū- bar gavo kopiją neva jo, Sol-; rios tolstančios nuo marksizmo , moja Sovietų Sąjungai ir visiem natūraliosios dujos j ženicino, laiško, 1952 metais ra- i teorijos ir atsisakančios dirban- komunistams». gakė Sus^ovas New York. — CathoUc Direc- j g^ Ekibaztuz koncentracijos: čiosios klasės diktatūros. Pliu­ tory žiniomis, Amerikoj 19751 stovykloje ir išduodančio kitus" Ottatca. — Kanada žada pa- ralizmas (skelbiamas italų ko-; ^ Kongreso dalyvauja Maskvai katalikų padaugėjo 180,037 ir: kalinius. Laiškas buvo pasira-j munistų) nėra priimtinas. Pa- ištikimiausių partijų vadai —! keli natūraliųjų dujų, ekspor- bendras skaičius siekia 48.8 mi- i gytas "Vetrovo" pseudonimu, I gj-rė detante ir Helsinkio aktą. j I^nkijcs komunistu Gierek, Ce-!tuojamų j Amerką. kaina tūks- lijonus. Padidėjimo procentas y-: i^rį mi^ Solženicinas savo kny-1 kuris. jo žodžiais, Europos sie-; koslovakijos Efoak, Vengrijos i . ra mažesnis nei gyventojų au-ig0je "Gulago salynas". Jame! Kadar ir Bulgarijos Živkov. Ki- KUDUUU peaų nuo i.w do1 gimo nuošimtis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lithuanian Writers and the Establishment During Late Socialism: the Writers Union As a Place for Conformism Or Escape Vilius Ivanauskas
    LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 15 2010 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 51–78 LITHUANIAN WRITERS AND THE EStabLISHMENT DURING LatE SOCIALISM: THE WRITERS UNION AS A PLACE FOR CONFORMISM OR ESCAPE Vilius Ivanauskas ABSTRACT This article analyses how the changes in the dominant attitude of local Soviet writers were encouraged, screened or restricted by the Writers Union [WU] through mechanisms of planning, control and even through measures of creating a secure daily environment. The author looks at the tensions and conflicts between writers of different generations, observing less ideology in the younger generation than in their predecessors since the development and dissemination of national images among the declared values of communism were increasing. The union as a system covered both aspects – conformism and the escape (manoeuvre). Though the WU had a strong mechanism of control, it managed to ensure for the writers such a model of adaptation where even those, who were subject to restrictions, had a possibility of remaining within the official structure, through certain compromises, while actually avoiding involvement in dissident activities or samizdat publishing. Introduction In August 1940 a group of Lithuanian intellectuals, most of whom were writers, went off to Moscow “to bring back Stalin’s Sunshine”, at the same time asking for Lithuania to be incorporated into the USSR. Forty eight years later in early June 1988 a few members of the local literary elite joined the initial Sąjūdis Group and from thenceforth stood in the vanguard of the National Revival. These two historic moments, witnessing two contrary breaking points in history, when Lithuanian writers were active participants in events, naturally give rise to the question of how the status and role of writers and their relationship with the Soviet regime changed.
    [Show full text]
  • Conde, Jonathan (2018) an Examination of Lithuania's Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation
    Conde, Jonathan (2018) An Examination of Lithuania’s Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation. Masters thesis, York St John University. Downloaded from: http://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/3522/ Research at York St John (RaY) is an institutional repository. It supports the principles of open access by making the research outputs of the University available in digital form. Copyright of the items stored in RaY reside with the authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full text items free of charge, and may download a copy for private study or non-commercial research. For further reuse terms, see licence terms governing individual outputs. Institutional Repository Policy Statement RaY Research at the University of York St John For more information please contact RaY at [email protected] An Examination of Lithuania’s Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation. Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Research MA History at York St John University School of Humanities, Religion & Philosophy by Jonathan William Conde Student Number: 090002177 April 2018 I confirm that the work submitted is my own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the works of others. This copy has been submitted on the understanding that it is copyright material. Any reuse must comply with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and any licence under which this copy is released. @2018 York St John University and Jonathan William Conde The right of Jonathan William Conde to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Acknowledgments My gratitude for assisting with this project must go to my wife, her parents, wider family, and friends in Lithuania, and all the people of interest who I interviewed between the autumn of 2014 and winter 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baltic States
    SAULIUS GRYBKAUSKAS – VLADAS SIRUTAVIČIUS The Baltic States Cultural opposition: Controversies of the Concept Several problems arise when discussing the historiography of cultural opposi- tion in the Baltic States First, and most importantly, Baltic academics and histo- rians have not offered any clear scientific definition of what constitutes cultural opposition. As a result, we are left to consider what the concept of cultural op- position does not mean. In our view, this unclear definition is the product of various factors. As the three Baltic states each fought for and won state inde- pendence, historians from these nations have dedicated most of their attention to discussions of the armed resistance, the operation of Soviet repressive struc- tures and the repression of peaceful civilians. The selection of these themes as research topics can be explained by the fact that such subjects were off limits during the Soviet period, and academics were to conduct academic research according to the prevailing ideological and political parameters. In addition, in the post-Soviet scholarly environment, the positions of various social groups and individuals were described in a simplistic way, with the help of three sche- matic categories: collaborators who expressed active support for the Soviet re- gime; the freedom fighters, who are usually identified with the armed resist- ance movement; and conformists, who have received limited attention thus far. Research agendas were also heavily influenced by the Cold War totalitarian paradigm that postulated that Soviet-type political regimes in Eastern Europe were all monolithic and totalitarian, and there were only minor and insignifi- cant differences between them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta's
    A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972 Amanda Jeanne Swain A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Glennys Young, Chair James Felak Guntis Smidchens Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History © Copyright 2013 Amanda Jeanne Swain University of Washington Abstract A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972 Amanda Jeanne Swain Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Glennys Young History “A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self- Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972” explores Soviet and post-Soviet interpretive narratives and political practices in response to two days of street demonstrations that followed the 1972 suicide of a nineteen-year-old man in Soviet Lithuania. My analysis reveals that Communist authorities and participating youth viewed the demonstrations as a struggle over the acceptable boundaries and content of modern Soviet youth culture. Despite extensive evidence that by 1972 youth were actively negotiating the boundaries of what were acceptable activities, Communist authorities and young people operated within an ideological framework that denied young people’s capacity to express discontent with the Soviet system. In post-Communist Lithuania, social and political elites constructed narratives of May 1972 that reclaimed agency by representing the demonstrations alternatively as nationalist dissent, civil resistance or Sixties-style youth protest. The diversity of narratives reflected on-going debates about the nature of post-Communist Lithuanian identity. This work seeks to make significant contributions to the historiography of the Soviet Union and to scholarship on the politics of memory and European integration.
    [Show full text]
  • International Women's Day/4-S
    MARCH 16, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 37 /NUMBER 10 A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE What the Oglala Sioux are strug_gling for ewitness re ort Wounded Knee, S.D. Indians occupying church on burial grounds of 1890 massacre. Heavily armed federal marshals surround the area. By SKIP BALL to negotiate. In response to the government The duplicity of the government officials is WOUNDED KNEE, S.D., March 7-Federal move, Russell Means, a leader of the American indicated by the fact that three participants officials have called off negotiations with the Indian Movement (AIM), told the press here in the occupation who tried to bring an in­ Indians occupying Wounded Knee. They have today, ''We're making a national appeal for jured person out of Wounded Knee for medi­ announced that their offer to allow people people to come here and witness for them­ cal treatment after getting the agreement of out of Wounded Knee without immediate ar­ selves how this country deals with Indian government representatives were arrested and rest would expire tomorrow at 6 p.m. people.... " jailed. The injured person was also arrested. The government had previously offered to The Indians are hoping a show of popular Meanwhile, the Indian leaders have an­ let the Indians leave with the stipulation that support. will deter the government from a all adult males would have to identify them­ violent attack. In the meantime, approxi­ nounced that their lawyers are negotiating selves, thus laying the basis for future pros­ mately 220 women and children in Wounded for the purchase of the trading post and Cath­ olic Church they occupy.
    [Show full text]
  • NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE in LITHUANIA a Story of Peaceful Liberation
    NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE IN LITHUANIA A Story of Peaceful Liberation Grazina Miniotaite The Albert Einstein Institution www.aeinstein.org 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Nonviolent Resistance Against Russification in the Nineteenth Century The Goals of Tsarism in Lithuania The Failure of Colonization The Struggle for the Freedom of Religion The Struggle for Lithuanian Press and Education Chapter 2: Resistance to Soviet Rule, 1940–1987 An Overview Postwar Resistance The Struggle for the Freedom of Faith The Struggle for Human and National Rights The Role of Lithuanian Exiles Chapter 3: The Rebirth From Perestroika to the Independence Movement Test of Fortitude The Triumph of Sajudis Chapter 4: Towards Independence The Struggle for Constitutional Change Civil Disobedience Step by Step The Rise of Reactionary Opposition Chapter 5: The Struggle for International Recognition The Declaration of Independence Independence Buttressed: the Battle of Laws First Signs of International Recognition The Economic Blockade The January Events Nonviolent Action in the January Events International Reaction 3 Chapter 6: Towards Civilian-Based Defense Resistance to the “Creeping Occupation” Elements of Civilian-Based Defense From Nonviolent Resistance to Organized Civilian-Based Defense The Development of Security and Defense Policy in Lithuania since 1992 Concluding Remarks Appendix I Appeal to Lithuanian Youth by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania Appendix II Republic in Danger! Appendix III Appeal by the Government of the Republic
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies Under Brezhnev
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies under Brezhnev Jason A. Roberts Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Roberts, Jason A., "The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies under Brezhnev" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6514. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6514 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies under Brezhnev Jason A. Roberts Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mark B. Tauger, Ph.D., Chair Robert E Blobaum, Ph.D. Joseph M. Hodge, Ph.D. Joshua W. Arthurs, Ph.D. Christian Peterson, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Nationalism in Lithuania
    Religion and Nationalism in Lithuania MARITE SAPIETS In Lithuania, as in neighbouring Poland, the Catholic Church holds a special place in the national consciousness. Lithuania's conversion to Catholicism in the 13th century marked the beginning of its long alliance with Poland: indeed, from 1385 to 1794, the two nations were formally united in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania-Poland, which was the greatest Catholic power in Eastern Europe and at one time stretched from the Baltic to the ,Black Sea. After 1794, when Lithuania and Poland were largely absorbed into the Russian Empire, the Catholic Church in Lithu­ ania found itself ina completely changed situation: from being the state religion, it became the religion of an oppressed non-Russian nation whose rulers elevated their own Russian Orthodox Church to· the position of state church. From the beginning of the 19th century, systematic Russifi­ cation went hand in hand with discrimination against the Catholic Church. In the reign of Nicholas I, most of the lands and monasteries of the·Lithuanian Catholic Church were confiscated and handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church. Lithuanian high schools and academies were closed, Lithuanian national law was abolished and the very use of the term "Lithuania" was officially banned.1 In these circumstances, the Catholic Church came to be seen as a defender of the Lithuanian national heritage. The two great Lithuanian anti-Tsarist revolts of the 19th cen­ tury - in 1831 and 1863 - had strong links with the Catholic Church. After the revolt of 1831, the theological academy of Vilnius - one of the centres of rebellion - was transferred to St Petersburg and the University .
    [Show full text]
  • The Self Immolators
    The Self Immolators --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2013 Feb. Day Blakely Donaldson The book can be discussed and downloaded at: http://thespeaker.co/book-the-self-immolators-2013-day-blakely- donaldson/ 2 The Self Immolators 3 Preface This book was meant to be without a preface (or introduction) or Table of Contents. Please read it last if anything, and then comment or write in the book, and then let them be just another set of comments. This book was meant to be simply and regularly, the biographies and testimonies of the self immolators. I wrote it after coming across a self immolation that referred to three others. Could there be so many? It remained a line on a page of notes I was adding to and sometimes getting to one or another. A month or more later, I addressed the note, that still stood out, and looked it up. Investigating the self immolator and his reference to three others, or being among three such, I found more, and looking into those, more, until it was dozens. The source of information I thought should didn't exist in a book or anywhere online, and I just began to write it, naturally and as a stream. As I collected and searched out, and wrote the biographies and copied or translated the testaments and statements, it turned out there were more still, until it was hundreds and the book reached the size it is. I wrote and edited it in about a month in spring 2013, and continued to discover and add--and some added themselves, Tibetans continued to self immolate while I wrote--until I stopped writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan Palach I "Žive Baklje" Kao Protest Protiv Sovjetske Okupacije Čehoslovačke
    Jan Palach i "Žive baklje" kao protest protiv sovjetske okupacije Čehoslovačke Milinković, Mateja Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2019 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:131:489375 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-26 Repository / Repozitorij: ODRAZ - open repository of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Sveučilište u Zagrebu Filozofski fakultet Odsjek za sociologiju Ak god. 2018./2019. Jan Palach i „žive baklje“ kao protest protiv sovjetske okupacije Čehoslovačke Mateja Milinković Diplomski rad Mentor: doc. dr. sc. Kruno Kardov Komentorica: doc. dr. sc. Suzana Kos Zagreb, veljača 2019. 2 Sadržaj Uvod .................................................................................................................. 3 Praško proljeće i invazija ................................................................................... 5 Samozapaljenje .................................................................................................. 7 Kolektivna akcija .......................................................................................... 11 Simbolični resursi kolektivne akcije – političke komemoracije ..................... 12 Jan Palach .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 12. Funkční Období
    274 12. funkční období 274 Výroční zpráva Ústavu pro studium totalitních režimů a Archivu bezpečnostních složek za rok 2019 2020 Výroční zpráva 2019 Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů a Archiv bezpečnostních složek Rok 2019 v číslech 11 uvedení nových výstav 468 v ČR i zahraničí učitelů prošlo akcemi Oddělení vzdělávání Ústavu 316 nových svědectví přibylo na portálu Paměť národa, celkem se zde nachází 5096 svědectví 9 aktuálně řešených grantových projektů 5 nových grantových projektů bylo získáno v roce 2019 1609 badatelů vykonalo v Archivu 3685 badatelských návštěv 257 851 návštěv zaznamenaly webové stránky Ústavu a 175 511 návštěv webové stránky Archivu 5 nových grantových projektů bylo získáno v roce 2019 231 odborných stanovisek podle 13 2980 zákona č. 262/2011 Sb., žádostí podle zákona č. 106/1999 Sb., odpovědí na badatelské o účastnících odboje a odporu o svobodném přístupu k informacím, a úřední žádosti odeslali proti komunismu, bylo zpracováno přijaly Ústav a Archiv pracovníci Archivu v Archivu a Ústavu 64 45 výstavních akcí v lokalitách výzkumných projektů představuje odbornou ČR i v zahraničí činnost Ústavu 65 odborných pracovníků a pracovnic pracuje na výzkumných projektech ÚSTR 28 publikací a 6 čísel časopisů vydal Ústav 2064 účastníků navštívilo odborné a popularizační akce Ústavu 1830 registrovaných badatelů si v eBadatelně prohlédlo 31 801 inventárních jednotek 24 627 jednotek archiválií bylo předloženo badatelům 2640 odpovědí na badatelské a úřední žádosti odeslali pracovníci Archivu 58 12 593 konferencí, seminářů, workshopů fanoušků mají facebookové profly Ústav pořádal nebo spolupořádal Ústavu, tedy o 1592 více než v roce 2018. Celkem 626 příznivců sleduje Ústav 5 532 120 na Instagramu skenů bylo veřejnosti zpřístupněno v eBadatelně Obsah Úvod 7 1.1 Rada Ústavu pro studium totalitních režimů 11 1 1.2 Vědecká rada 11 1.3 Personální zabezpečení 12 1.4 Poskytování informací podle zákona č.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annexation of the Baltic States and Its Effect on the Development of Law Prohibiting Forcible Seizure of Territory William J.H
    NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 6 Article 5 Number 2 Volume 6, No. 2, 1985 1985 The Annexation of the Baltic States and Its Effect on the Development of Law Prohibiting Forcible Seizure of Territory William J.H. Hough III Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/ journal_of_international_and_comparative_law Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Hough, William J.H. III (1985) "The Annexation of the Baltic States and Its Effect on the Development of Law Prohibiting Forcible Seizure of Territory," NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law: Vol. 6 : No. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/journal_of_international_and_comparative_law/vol6/iss2/5 This Notes and Comments is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. THE ANNEXATION OF THE BALTIC STATES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAW PROHIBITING FORCIBLE SEIZURE OF TERRITORY TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 303 II. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAW PROHIBITING FORCIBLE SEIZURE OF TERRITORY ................................ 305 A. European Origins ............................... 305 B. Legal Development After the Peace of Westphalia 308 C. Title to Territory in the Colonial Era ............ 319 D. Post World War I Development .................. 321 E. Birth of the Stimson Doctrine of Nonrecognition of Forcible Seizure of Territory ..................... 326 III. THE ANNEXATION OF THE BALTIC STATES ................. 351 A. Origins of the Baltic States ...................... 351 B. Independence of the Baltic States ................ 355 C. Soviet Invasion and Incorporation of the Baltic S ta tes .......................................... 369 IV.
    [Show full text]