AutoOpti C COPUOS COSPAR ERANet 2 BMVBS ACARE List ofAbbreviations A DGUV BMWi BMVg EFQM BMBF AirTN ECTRI ATRA COST DNW EREA EERA CNES CCRS CATS AFRL ECSS CFRP 2 CIRA ATM BOS DFG AIM CSA CAE AEB DLR CFD DFS CoE CSP DIN EEE S ATI 2 AI E Establishments inAeronautics Association ofEuropean Research European Research Area Network Management European FoundationforQuality European EnergyResearch Alliance electromagnetic components Electronic, electricaland Research Institutes European Conference ofTransport Standardization European Cooperationfor Space TunnelsGerman-Dutch Wind German Aerospace Center German InstituteforStandardisation Accident Insurance) Unfallversicherung (GermanSocial Deutsche Gesetzliche (German airtraffic control) Deutsche Flugsicherung German Research Foundation Concentrated SolarPower Canadian SpaceAgency and Technology European CooperationinScience Committee onSpaceResearch Peaceful UsesofOuterSpace United NationsCommitteeonthe Center ofExcellence Centre Nationald‘ÉtudesSpatiales Centro ItalianoRicerche Aerospaziali Carbon fibre reinforced plastic Computational FluidDynamics Canada Centre forRemoteSensing System Climate-compatible AirTransport Chinese Aeronautical Establishment AeroSpace ScienceandEngineering Center forComputerApplicationsin security) and organisationsresponsible for Sicherheitsaufgaben (authorities Behörden undOrganisationenmit and Technology Federal MinistryofEconomics Federal MinistryofDefence Building andUrbanDevelopment Federal MinistryofTransport, and Research Federal MinistryofEducation Automatic Optimizer Aircraft Advanced Technology Research Air Traffic Management Infrastructure Administrative andTechnical Air Transport Net Mobility Application PlatformforIntelligent Administrative Infrastructure Air Force Research Laboratory Agência EspacialBrasileira Research inEurope Advisory CouncilforAeronautical

KazCosmos eROSITA EUREKA LamAiR iGREEN FCH-JTI ESTEC LIDAR GMES ESRIN ESOC JAXA IAQG GATE LuFO ICAO IBMP ESCC IABG GQA INTA ETW SME JCM HGF FAA R&T GTP GPS ESA FHS GfR SoF ISO ESF INS GIS ILA IAF FM CIP EU Programme German Aeronautics Research Light DetectionandRanging Laminar Aircraft Research Continual improvement process Small andmedium-sizedenterprises Republic ofKazakhstan National SpaceAgencyofthe Joint CommitteeMeeting Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Standardization Organizationfor International Aeroespacial Instituto NacionaldeTécnica Standards Innovation withNormsand aerospaceInternational exhibition integrated Green Aircraft Organization CivilAviation International Institute ofBiomedicalProblems Group Aerospace International Quality AstronauticalInternational Federation industry) organisation fortheaeronautics a centralanalysisandtesting (industrial plantoperatingcompany, Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Research Centers Helmholtz AssociationofGerman (GvF inGerman) Society ofFriendsDLR German Trainee Programme in OccupationalSafetyandHealth) Arbeitsschutz (SocietyforQuality Gesellschaft fürQualitätim Global PositioningSystem and Security Global MonitoringforEnvironment Geographic informationsystem Space Applications) (DLR Instituteof anwendungen Gesellschaft fürRaumfahrt­ environment Galileo testanddevelopment Flying HelicopterSimulator Facility Management Technology Initiative Fuel CellandHydrogen Joint Research andTechnology Federal Aviation Administration Agency European Research Coordination European Union GmbH European Transonic Windtunnel Technology Centre European SpaceResearch and European SpaceResearch Institute European SpaceOperationsCentre European ScienceFoundation Coordination European SpaceComponents European SpaceAgency an ImagingTelescope Array extended ROentgenSurveywith

ROSCOSMOS UN-SPIDER TanDEM-X SOLHYCO UNOOSA N.ERGHY UNESCO SET-Plan VECTOR SHEFEX ONERA UNCCD PT-DLR TEXUS TRACE SESAR NOAA RWTH SOFIA NASA TAMS NREL MRO PT-LF TWG MoU STTP VDSI RMC UAV PMP NGT SAR NLR QM NLF SES Ma ZKI UN HR TI Information DLR CenterforSatelliteBasedCrisis United Nations Vehicle Technologies ScenarioModel German SafetyEngineers) ingenieure e.V. (Associationof Verband deutscherSicherheits­ Response Management andEmergency based InformationforDisaster United NationsPlatformforSpace- Space Affairs United NationsOffice for Outer Scientific andCulturalOrganization United NationsEducational, Combat Desertification United NationsConventionto Unmanned AerialVehicle Transsonic windtunnelinGöttingen Environment Aerodynamic Computational Turbo machineryResearch Technical Infrastructure weightless conditions Technological experimentsunder Elevation Measurement TerraSAR-X add-onforDigital Total AirportManagementSuite Plan Strategic Transport andTechnology Cogeneration Plants Solar-Hybrid Powerand Infrared Astronomy Stratosphere Observatoryfor Sharp EdgeFlightExperiment Strategic EnergyTechnology Plan Single European SkyATM Research Single European Sky Synthetic Aperture Radar AachenUniversity RWTH Russian FederalSpaceAgency Center DLR RoboticsandMechatronics Quality Management Aeronautics Research Project ManagementAgencyfor DLR Project ManagementAgency Project ManagementProfessional Human Resources Recherches Aérospatiales Office Nationald‘Étudesetde Laboratory National RenewableEnergy Administration National OceanicandAtmospheric Ruimtevaartlaboratorium Nationaal Lucht-en Natural LaminarFlow Next GenerationTrain Administration National Aeronautics andSpace on FuelCellsandHydrogen New European Research Grouping Maintenance, RepairandOverhaul Memorandum ofUnderstanding Mach

FUB_2010-2011_english_01/12 its fieldcentres. andisadriving forcevices togovernment, inthelocalregions of the nextgenerationofscientists,provides competentadvisoryser as aserviceprovider foritsclientsandpartners.Italsopromotes operates large-scaleresearch facilitiesforDLR’s ownprojects and enhancing Germany’s industrialandtechnologicalreputation. DLR utes thescientificandtechnicalknow-howthatithasgainedto the developmentoftomorrow’s products. InthatwayDLRcontrib- and security. DLR’s research portfoliorangesfrom basicresearch to friendly technologies,andforpromoting mobility, communication, System, research forprotecting theenvironment, forenvironment- DLR’s missioncomprisestheexplorationofEarthandSolar DLR alsooperatesoffices inBrussels,Paris,andWashington D.C. Neustrelitz, Oberpfaffenhofen, Stade,Stuttgart,Trauen, andWeilheim. weig, Bremen, Goettingen,Hamburg,Juelich,Lampoldshausen, many: Cologne(headquarters),Augsburg,Berlin,Bonn,Braunsch- Approximately 7000peopleare employedat16locationsinGer management agencyisalsopartofDLR. of Germaninterests. Furthermore, Germany’s largestproject representation aswellfortheinternational federal government implementation oftheGermanspaceprogramme bytheGerman DLR hasbeengivenresponsibility fortheforward planningandthe cooperativeventures.and international AsGermany’s spaceagency, Space, Energy, Transport andSecurityisintegratedintonational space. Itsextensiveresearch anddevelopmentworkinAeronautics, DLR isGermany’s nationalresearch centre foraeronautics and DLR ataglance www.DLR.de/en/ D-51147 Cologne Linder Höhe Strategy andInternationalRelations - -

DLR Research and Economic Development 2010/2011

Annual Report 20 Development and Economic Research 1 0/20 1 1 Use of Funds Drittmittel nach Herkunft 2010

Gesamtsumme 401 Mio. Euro Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro Drittmittel nach Institutionelle Förderung 2010*

Ausländische Gesamtsumme 334 Mio. Euro 28 Inländische OverallWirtschafts- revenue 2010 Management instruments 2008 2009 2010 staatliche Raumfahrt unternehmen Luftfahrt Total project work 72.8% 73.1% 73.5% Total 745 million euros* All figures inInstitutionen million euros Inländische 85 Quality management 2008 2009 2010 Wirtschafts- 154 unternehmen 206** Existing certifications and accredi- 25 28 30 tations AeronauticsÜbernationale205 308 Space Number of DLR auditors 15 10 11 Organisationen Ausländische 129 64* staatliche Implementation of audits 32% 38% 49% Andere 12 6 Organisationen 20 externeTransport Erträge43 National and European net- 2008 2009 2010 31 Energie works Energy 53 77 Other revenues 23 36 Verkehr DFG participations 33 34 38 * davon: ESA 40, EU 23, sonstige 1 ** davon: nationale staatl. Institutionen 125, Projektträgerschaft 59, Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro Sponsorship agreements 49 41 32 sonstige FuE-DrittmittelSpace Administration 22 Project sponsorships * einschl. zugeordnete Investitionen, ohne HGF Fonds und ETW Quelle: FC-CO; M. Klein; 2012 Gesamtfinanzierung International collaboration 2008 2009 2010 * Economic stimulus package II in third party funding included International visiting scientists* 7.9% 3.3% 3.0% Third-party funding related to origin 2010 Institutional Funding 2010* * staying > 1 month referenced to scientific associates in institutes Personnel 2008 2009 2010 Total 401 million euros All data in million euros Total 334 million euros All data in million euros

Employees 5,880 6,485 6,832 Foreign 28 German Scientific associates (total) 3,295 3,677 3,913 commercial public enterprises Scientific associates 3,076 3,140 institutions Space engaged by institutes and facilities German 85 Aeronautics 129 Permanent/fixed-term contracts 3,148/2,732 3,229/3,256 3,313/3,519 commercial 206** Published by Deutsches Zentrum enterprises 154 für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Proportion of women in the Helmholtz Association - total 30% 30% 30% Supranational German Aerospace Center organisations - in management positions 14% 14% 14% Address Linder Höhe 64* Foreign public Transport 31 D-51147 Cologne -  scientific associates 16% 17% 13% institutions Other 12 6 20 Energy Editor Strategy and Alliances New talent 2008 2009 2010 external revenue Design CD Werbeagentur GmbH, Troisdorf Young scientists 86 63 55 * including: ESA 40, EU 23, other 1 * witout other revenue Printing Druckerei Thierbach GmbH, Doctoral candidates (internal/external) 670 734 763 ** including: national public institutions 125, project sponsorship 59, Mülheim/Ruhr other r&B third-party funding 22 Paper Printed on: Trainees 252 252 247 Contents – Circle matt white, 100% recycled, Blue Angel HR development and mobility 2008 2009 2010 certified with the EU Ecolabel Press date Cologne, January 2012 Training days per employee 1.8 2.1 2.2 Reporting period 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 Mentoring pairs 8 8 11

Data status As at 31 December 2010 Assignments abroad (months) 545 487 531 Reproduction in whole or in part or any other use is subject to prior permission from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). www.DLR.de/en/ 103 104 Research and Economic Development 2010 / 2011

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

3 Contents

Preface ...... 6

DLR at a Glance...... 8

Research Report

Aeronautics...... 12

Space Space Administration, Space Research and Technology...... 22

Transport...... 32

Energy ...... 40

Security...... 48

Project Management Agency ...... 52

Economic Development

Future Development of DLR ...... 58

Results Third-Party Funding...... 59 Research-related Results...... 60 Technology Marketing ...... 60

Structure and Organisation Development of the Research Center...... 64 Quality Management, Standardisation and Environmental Protection ...... 67

Partners Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HGF)...... 72 National Networks...... 72 European Networks...... 74 European Groups...... 76 International Collaboration...... 80 Communications...... 86 Political and Economic Relations...... 86

People Gender Equality and Work-Life Balance ...... 88 Human Resources Development ...... 89 Human Resources Marketing ...... 90 German Staff at ESA ...... 91

Commendations and Awards ...... 92 Contents

Facts & Figures

Members and Committees Ex Officio Members ...... 96 Sponsoring Members ...... 96 Honorary Members ...... 97 Scientific Members ...... 97 Executive Board ...... 97 Senate ...... 98 Senate Committee ...... 98 Space Committee ...... 99 Scientific Technical Council ...... 99

Affiliates and Joint Ventures...... 100

Compilation of Performance Indicators ...... 102

Use of Funds...... 104

List of Abbreviations...... 105

5 Preface

Dear Reader,

Global challenges are also of central importance to DLR.

We are active in dealing with climate change, scarcity of resources, secure en- ergy provision and sustainable mobility. However, we also contribute to areas such as communications, demographic development and health, as well as cop- ing with various conflicts and recurrent catastrophes.

DLR has been extremely successful in its key research areas of aeronautics, space flight, energy, transport and security over the last year.

6 Preface

With the help of these topics – which In addition, DLR employees have made are anchored in its strategy – DLR is well important contributions to the future of positioned for the future in its combined DLR in administrative areas and in the capacity as research institution, Space development of an attractive employer Agency and Project Management Agency. brand. The “Economic Development” section reports on the successful recog- In the first place my thanks goes to the nition of administrative work through employees, because DLR‘s success is the award of a prize. dependent on their work and level of enthusiasm. This is how we secure the Third-party business activities, personnel future. Together with professionalism structure, the development of young tal- and excellence DLR generates decisive ent, the quality assurance system and the competitive advantage, particularly in management of a growing infrastructure times of intense national and interna- form the focal areas of this section and tional competition. are reinforced by the figures in “Facts & Figures” section. The inventions and innovations that result from this contribute to strengthening To summarise, it can be said that DLR Germany as a prime location. Our focal has experienced successful development areas are presented in the ”Research” again in 2010. section of this report. Pleace read all this in our current annual At this point representative highlights report. Thank you for your interest in from the long list of the past, very DLR and I hope you enjoy reading along interesting DLR year are to be presented: under the DLR motto: Knowledge for Tomorrow. With our partners, we premiered the use of biofuels in regular flight operations. Yours, As well as the continued development of fuel cells, we are also making ground- breaking progress in their use, e.g. this year in our A320 ATRA as a source of electricity generation for an electrically Prof. Johann-Dietrich Wörner driven nose wheel. Likewise, assuming Chairman of the Executive Board control of the solar thermal tower power plant in Jülich was a highlight that has strengthened us for future tasks in this sector. By joining the “International Char- ter of Space and Major Disasters” we acknowledge global responsibility and DLR makes its competencies in Earth ob- servation available to overcoming natural catastrophes. In recent months, DLR has inaugurated one of the world‘s most ef- ficient aeroacoustic wind tunnels. With EU politicians visiting and the moderated “Master with Masters” exchange of ideas between NASA and DLR we have net- worked ourselves beyond national bor- ders and increased our recognition.

7 DLR at a Glance

DLR is the national research center of the DLR employs approximately 6,900 people Federal Republic of Germany for aero- in 15 locations: Cologne (home to the nautics and space exploration. Its exten- Executive Board), Augsburg, Berlin, Bonn, sive research and development work in Braunschweig, Bremen, Göttingen, Ham- aeronautics, space exploration, transport burg, Lampoldshausen, Neustrelitz, Ober- and energy as well as security and de- pfaffenhofen, Stade, Stuttgart, Trauen fence is integrated into national and in- and Weilheim. DLR also has offices in ternational cooperations. Beyond its Brussels, Paris and Washington D.C. own research, DLR as Space Agency also plans and implements German DLR‘s mission comprises exploring the space exploration activities on behalf of Earth and universe, research into environ- the federal government. Furthermore, mental protection and technologies for a Germany’s largest Project Management sustainable energy supply, and to increase Agency is also part of DLR. environmentally-sustainable mobility, as well as communications and security and defence. DLR‘s research portfolio ranges from fundamental research to innovative development of the applications and products of tomorrow. In this way, DLR contributes the scientific and technical know-how that it has gained, thus en- hancing Germany‘s industrial and tech- nological reputation. DLR operates large-scale research facilities for its own projects and as a service provider for customers and partners. In addition, DLR supports young scientists and offers policy advisory services and is a driving force in the regions where it is repre- sented.

8 Locations

Locations

- DLR Augsburg - DLR Berlin Neustrelitz - DLR Bonn Stade www.DLR.de/stade Hamburg www.DLR.de/neustrelitz - DLR Braunschweig www.DLR.de/hamburg - DLR Bremen Bremen - DLR Göttingen www.DLR.de/bremen Trauen www.DLR.de/trauen - DLR Hamburg Berlin - DLR Cologne Braunschweig www.DLR.de/berlin - DLR Lampoldshausen www.DLR.de/braunschweig - DLR Neustrelitz - DLR Oberpfaffenhofen Göttingen Cologne www.DLR.de/goettingen - DLR Stade www.DLR.de/koeln - DLR Stuttgart - DLR Trauen Bonn www.DLR.de/bonn - DLR Weilheim

Institutes and Facilities

- Aerodynamics and Flow Technology - Aeroelasticity Lampoldshausen www.DLR.de/lampoldshausen - Propulsion Technology - Structures and Design Stuttgart www.DLR.de/stuttgart Oberpfaffenhofen - Vehicle Concepts Augsburg www.DLR.de/oberpfaffenhofen - Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems www.DLR.de/augsburg Weilheim - Flight Guidance www.DLR.de/weilheim - Air Transport and Airport Research - Flight Systems - Microwaves and Radar - Communication and Navigation - Aerospace Medicine - Material Physics in Space - Remote Sensing Technology - Atmospheric Physics - Planetary Research - Space Propulsion - Space Systems - Robotics and Mechatronics - Solar Research - Technical Physics - Technical Thermodynamics - Combustion Technology - Transport Research - Transportation Systems - Materials Research - German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) - DLR Air Transportation Systems - DLR Space Operations and Astronaut Training - DLR Simulation and Software Technology

9 10 RESEARCH REPORT

11 Aeronautics

In aeronautics research, the last year is also demonstrated on a national was mainly characterised by setting level in the formulated high-tech a clear course for the next EU Frame- strategy. DLR is facing this develop- work Programme for Research. As ment by increasing its activities in in- the successor to the 7th Framework dustrial cooperation and innovation Programme for Research, this “Horizon projects. 2020” Framework Programme will cover the years 2014 to 2020. If Euro- As a basis for the thematic orientation pean aeronautics research until now of aeronautics research in “Horizon has been predominantly in the general 2020”, “Flightpath 2050” was devel- direction of “Research”, aeronautics oped, a new vision for aeronautics research topics will be arranged in that serves as a successor to ACARE future between Directorates-General “Vision 2020”. “Flightpath 2050” was of “Mobility and Transport” (DG MOVE) developed by a high-level group of and “Research and Innovation” (DG experts, which was put together by RTD). This tendency to increasingly the European Commission for this support innovation and thus close sole purpose and of which the Chair- the partially existing gap between man of DLR Executive Board, Prof. research and industrial application Wörner was also a member. Five overarching challenges for aeronautics research were defined in “Flightpath 2050”, the implementation of which is to be planned and monitored by a successor organisation to ACARE. Accordingly, the first meeting of “New ACARE” took place on the occasion of the Paris Air Show 2011 in Le Bourget.

During the period of this report DLR was also successfully involved in national and European research pro- grammes, particularly in the German Aeronautics Research Programme IV (LuFo) and the EU‘s 7th EU Frame- work Programme for Research. As part of the European SESAR pro- gramme (Single European Sky ATM Research) it succeeded in achieving the status of an “Associate Partner” as a consortium with NLR.

12 Research Report > Aeronautics

CFC-New Genera- tion Fuselage

Project with industrial workshop completed

Safer, cheaper and more comfortable flying: these are the goals set by the four DLR institutes in the CFC New Generation (NG) Fuselage project. After four years the project with advances in all areas was recently concluded with a joint in- dustry workshop. Huge advances were made in the field of passenger safety and particularly new fire protection and damage tolerant resin systems were thus Examples of architecture concepts and inves- developed and tested. In addition, new tigations from CFC New Generation Fuselage crash concepts and robust hybrid com- project ponents were developed. DLR now also It is possible to reduce the preforming has a suitable answer in case of damage: process step by a factor of 30 with the it can be detected with advanced struc- help of inductive preforming. Fast resin tural health monitoring and fixed using systems were identified and tested for an automatic repair process. implementation in large-scale series pro- duction. With the help of a microwave During a flight, acoustics have a direct autoclave it is possible to harden the influence on the well-being and thus the components in half the time and using comfort of the passengers. In the pro- less energy. The overall reduction in air- ject, both innovative passive noise ab- craft costs was evaluated for a large sorption materials and active noise-re- number of developed technologies and ducing measures that could be directly important factors herein identified using integrated into the aircraft skin were in- scenario analyses. vestigated. Faster and more efficient technologies were developed to reduce costs.

13 Research Report > Aeronautics

pilots. Over 200 flights into wake vortices Wake Vortices were flown in an area of between 5 and 25 nautical miles behind the passenger during Cruising aircraft. The data gathered provides val- uable knowledge regarding wake physics, Altitude flight dynamics and stresses that occur on the aircraft flying into the wake vortices. Measurement of wake vortices at high altitudes When aircraft are in flight, air turbulence VAMP is created behind them. These are known as wake vortices and can affect subse- Preliminary design for passenger quent aircraft traffic. The German Aero- aircraft in association with DLR insti- space Center has trialled a method for tutes measuring wake vortices at high altitude Aeroelastic model for the design of a with flight experiments using the DLR DLR explores technologies that are ex- configuration for 150 passengers with Falcon 20E research aircraft. It is particu- pected to significantly increase efficiency forward-sweeping wings larly important for the assessment of in future aircraft. The VAMP (Virtual wake vortices during commercial flights Aircraft Multidisciplinary Analysis and that the strength and intensity of the Design Processes) project aims to realise wake as well as the associated behaviour the capacity of the preliminary design of aircraft flying into wake vortices can of passenger aircraft through intelligent be measured in the air. As commercial cooperation with DLR institutes. flights take place at altitudes of over 10 kilometres, typical ground-level analysis To this end a numerical design system is is not possible. to be created by networking the discipli- nary analytical tools available in DLR. As In north-east German airspace flight ex- these also serve to develop new technol- periments were flown through the wake ogies, the costs of realistic depiction of vortices of typical passenger aircraft as new technologies are minimised in the centrally and often as possible. This is a preliminary design. The decentralised de- very complex venture that places intense sign system is based on the DLR CPACS physical demands on the experiment (Common Parametric Aircraft Configura- teams and the test aircraft. A precondi- tion Schema) data model, through which tion was good teamwork between all a high level of recyclability for software partners involved: the DLR Institutes of components and flexibility in the adap- Flight Systems and Atmospheric Physics, tation of the design system are achieved. Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS) and airline The system has already been successfully implemented in the subsequent design of a short-distance configuration. Through effective interaction of various experts from nine DLR institutes it has been pos- sible to assess the results of the analyses (some of which are incredibly detailed) both individually and with regard to their interaction, and thereby demonstrate a good level of conformity with the refer- ence data.

14 Research Report > Aeronautics

As well as special numerical processes, The design work was supported by the DLR has strengthened its cooperation federal state of Lower Saxony, Airbus and processes in order to also have complex the C²A²S²E Simulation Center, which and unconventional aeronautics systems was established by DLR. By using this, reliably available. An advanced approach it is now possible to design such equip- to knowledge is the basis for relevantly ment numerically and without prior model linking DLR‘s competencies and future tests for the first time. The new facility short-distance configurations. could therefore be finished in October 2010 after just a one-year planning phase There is close cooperation with other and inaugurated on 02.12.2010 in the projects such as LamAiR, iGREEN, EVITA, presence of the Minister President of ECCO and CATS. VAMP is thus realising Lower Saxony, David McAllister, and other Minister President McAllister at the inau- a central contribution to DLR‘s virtual in- representatives. guration of the Low-Speed Wind Tunnel in tegration platforms (VIP), which expand Braunschweig the structured cooperation to the entire The LSWT is now one of the quietest transport system. wind tunnels and simultaneously has excellent aerodynamic properties and exceptionally high flexibility in terms of applications. There is even potential Low-Speed for further noise-reduction measures. As the world‘s only aeroacoustic wind Wind Tunnel tunnel the LSWT fulfils the conditions for investigations into aircraft noise on The world‘s most efficient aeroacoustic take-off and landing, and even for cruise wind tunnel in Braunschweig configuration, which has the lowest acoustic signature. With the establish- In order for DLR to assess the influence ment of the Aeroacoustic Test Center in on noise reduction achieved by new Braunschweig DLR will be in a position technologies in aerodynamics, the world‘s to conduct highly accurate aeroacoustic most efficient aeroacoustic wind tunnel validation experiments that are urgently has been created in Braunschweig. The needed for the development of its com- Low-Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT) oper- putational aeroacoustic codes. This ex- ated at Braunschweig Research Airport perimental facility is therefore of real in the German-Dutch Wind Tunnels importance for DLR‘s theoretical and (DNW) Association has been renovated numerical noise research. to this end. With its integration into the existing infrastructure for aeroacoustic research based on numerical simulations and flight experiments, aeronautics re- search now has at its disposal a unique environment for developing new fore- casting models in the field of acoustics and technology to reduce aircraft noise.

The project was implemented by DNW and commissioned by the DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology. General planning and technical design were realised by DNW‘s own builders.

15 Research Report > Aeronautics

Building on the capacity of these mod- INROS/SHANEL ern CFD processes, a design method was developed at DLR in close coopera- Development of a rotor blade profile tion with the University of Stuttgart and for more efficient helicopters Eurocopter Deutschland that takes into account the non-stationary behaviour of The profile currently used in helicopter the profiles. With the help of this method, rotors made by Eurocopter was devel- two new rotor profiles (EDI-M109 and oped by ONERA and DLR in the 1990s. EDI-MD112) were designed and optimised The essential design goals were good with 9 per cent and 12 per cent relative flight performance and minimal moment thickness as part of LuFO‘s INROS and coefficients under stationary flow condi- SHANEL projects. The targeted improve- tions. The behaviour of the profile under ments are related to aerodynamic per- non-stationary conditions could not be formance, such as glide ratio, resistance Rotor blade profile model EDI-M109 with taken into account at that time due and maximum lift, but particularly to the hot-film sensors to evaluate the laminar- to insufficiently suitable numerical pro- non-stationary behaviour of the profiles turbulent boundary-layer transition in the cesses. Modern CFD processes allow wind tunnel and thus in particular on the non-sta- non-stationary simulation of an oscillat- tionary dynamic stall and the develop- ing profile section taking into account ment of the moment coefficients over both viscosity and the full simulation the entire blade revolution. of the rotor in forward flight in viscous flow. Tools are thus available that leave The experimental validation of the new clear expectations in steps in the direc- rotor blade profiles was a result of non- tion of improved rotor blade profiles. stationary measurements of the aerody- namic coefficients and the pressure distribution and the laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition on CFC profile models with periodic oscillation in the transsonic wind tunnel in Göttingen (DNW-TWG).

MUM-T

Safety concept for teaming manned and unmanned aerial vehicles

In order to increase the mission efficiency of the German Army Air Corps and, at the same time, minimise the threat to its own forces, the need for “networked cooperation between manned and un- DLR FHS helicopter with a UAV manned aerial vehicles” was established in 2007. To this end, suitable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are to accompany helicopter operational units and assume or support parts of missions such as re- connaissance, exploration and identifica- tion. The control of unmanned aerial ve- hicles is not envisaged to occur from a ground station, but from the flying units.

16 Research Report > Aeronautics

The data collected by the unmanned As part of the EU VITAL project, the aerial vehicles will also be communicated partners SNECMA (France), CIAM (Rus- directly and in real-time to the opera- sia), COMOTi (Romania) and DLR have tional unit. agreed on the goal of developing highly efficient, low-noise and low-cost contra- Against this backdrop the Federal Office rotating fans. Concepts and possible so- of Defence Technology and Procurement lutions were developed and explored (BWB) commissioned a four-year study over six years of research work in order to explore and/or development of this to fulfil these conflicting goals and fur- capability: “Manned Unmanned Teaming ther multidisciplinary requirements with (MUM-T)”. The contractors were the firm the best compromises available. For the ESG (operational issues, use of MUM-T, first time, AutoOpti, a multidisciplinary networked realistic scenario simulations, design system developed by the Institute flight experiments with manned compo- of Propulsion Technology, was imple- Pre-assembled and instrumented rotors of the CRTF2b contra-rotating fan nents), the Universität der Bundes wehr mented for the CRTF2b contra-rotating München, (human- machine interfaces, fan type designed by DLR. The type put UAV on-board intelligence, assistance forward by DLR concentrated on a maxi- systems for UAV operators) and the DLR mum level of efficiency, low blade count Institute of Flight Systems. ratios and light weight, and was meas- ured on the CIAM acoustic test bench in The focus of the DLR commission was Moscow in Winter 2010/2011. to create a general safety concept for flying manned and unmanned aerial ve- In addition to classical characteristics, hicles in joint mission airspace. To this the measurements included an acoustic end, procedures for implementing critical evaluation and hot-wire measurements parts of missions were compiled, techni- carried out by DLR. After just the first cal safety systems for manned and un- evaluation it was established that the manned components developed and design goals had been achieved in their tests for these processes and systems entirety. The level of efficiency exceeds conducted on a simulation basis and in other types for all relevant speed ranges. real teaming flight experiments.

Contra-Rotating Fans

DLR design with optimum efficiency

The architecture of future engines will be decisively determined by the thrust- producing component, the fan. Projects funded by the EU, such as VITAL and DREAM, show the strong need for re- search to precisely determine the poten- tial of various fan configurations and to provide a basis for future production de- velopments - both for the entire aircraft and the engine.

17 Research Report > Aeronautics

OmniTURB Volcanic Ash Design and optimisation of turbine in Engines geometry High temperature corrosion of ceramic thermal insulation on turbine As part of DLR OmniTURB project the In- blades stitute of Propulsion Technology demon- strates its abilities in computer-assisted Against the backdrop of the recent volcano numerical design and optimisation of eruptions in Iceland, Chile and Indonesia, turbine geometry in the Turbine Depart- possible damage to aircraft engines from ment (Göttingen). In parallel with its drawn in volcanic ash is increasingly be- industrial project partner Rolls-Royce coming the subject of research, both on Deutschland, DLR conducted aero-ther- an academic and industrial level. This modynamic optimisation of a modern, damage is of particular relevance to the cooled, two-stage high pressure turbine field of high pressure turbines, where for potential use in future aircraft en- the first-stage stator and rotor blades, gines. which are subject to the highest levels of thermal stress, are directly exposed The calculation of flow around the com- to the flow of completely or partially Mach number level in the blade tip area of a plete three-dimensional parameterised melted volcanic ash particles. These tur- turbine rotor geometries of blades and endwalls was bine components are protected from conducted, the results analysed and the thermal overloading by both cooling shape adjusted within selected limits holes and ceramic thermal insulation. using the institute‘s own modern tools, Volcanic ash that is drawn in and depos- such as the AutoOpti optimisation code ited on the turbine blades lead to imme- and the TRACE CFD programme. In com- diate safety-related effects, such as parison to the start configuration, a sig- blocked cooling holes. However, long- nificant increase in efficiency of 2.1 per term effects impacting on life span, cent was achieved by the automated ap- such as flaking of the ceramic thermal plication of complex geometric details, insulation, are also potential results. such as non-axis-symmetrical endwall contouring and local blade deformation. At the Institute of Materials Research This value is high for a component whose failure mechanisms made from zirco- efficiency is generally already approxi- nium oxide thermal insulation, which is mately 90 per cent. Such an increase in state-of-the-art technology in aircraft efficiency will lead directly to reduced engines, and new coating materials are fuel consumption in future realistic en- explored for future engine generations. gines and thus to reduced emission of pollutants.

Zirconium oxide thermal insulation with a coating of partially melted volcanic ash from the Eyjafjallajökull volcano

18 Research Report > Aeronautics

The results show that new coating mate- aerosols and nitrogen in the climate sys- rials, such as gadolinium zirconate, dem- tem is not completely understood, so onstrate a considerably higher level of DLR is contributing important compo- stability to volcanic ash under typical nents to IAGOS. The data gathered will current operating conditions. However, make a considerable contribution to the in the view of expected higher turbine quantification of the influence of air inlet temperatures in the future, improve - traffic on the atmosphere and climate. ments in protective coatings and dam- age analysis must be systematically In close cooperation with manufacturers expanded. DLR research will thus also and aircraft technology companies, contribute to being better able to assess measuring devices were modified for the effects of volcano eruptions on en- use in passenger aircraft. An inlet sys- gines in future events. tem was also developed for sampling and simulated for cruising altitude condi- tions. Airbus made the flow field of an A340-300 available for this purpose. IAGOS inlet system IAGOS The entire package is currently being prepared and comprises measuring in- Passenger aircraft as measuring struments and admission for the allow- devices for atmospheric observation ance for operation on passenger aircraft. As well as its deployment as part of Documentation of the constantly chang- IAGOS, the aerosol measuring package ing atmosphere demands continuous developed here will serve as a basis for observation. There is, however, a lack a future volcanic ash warning sensor. of an infrastructure alongside satellites and ground-supported measurements for continuous measurements in the tropopause region (9–13 km), although Simulation of the trajectories of individual aerosol particles to determine the collection it is precisely here that the effects of the characteristics of inlet systems at cruising changing climate are revealed. altitude

The European infrastructure IAGOS uses passenger aircraft to carry measuring devices for trace gases and particles rele- vant to climate. The project is coordi- nated by the Forschungszentrum Jülich and comprises 16 partners, including Airbus, Lufthansa and British Airways. Up to 20 commercial aircraft conduct continuous measurements with perma- nently installed sensors. In addition, every three weeks a special measuring con- tainer with a payload of 1.5 tonnes is used on a Lufthansa A340. Under the responsibility of DLR, the instrument will be developed and implemented to meas- ure airborne particles (aerosols), as well as nitrogen. Just as before, the role of

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achieved. The present concluding report SAPOX recommends a corresponding revision of CS 25.1443 c) and further investigations Investigations into new designs for for regulations relevant to the crew are aircraft oxygen systems being discussed.

Oxygen masks for passengers are a good 50 years old in their technological concept. With the development of new wide body aircraft focussing on weight- UNITAS IV saving and fuel economy, emergency ox- Robust Galileo/GPS navigation multi- ygen supply has also come into consider- antennae for aeronautics ation as a permanent constituent of the empty weight. A weight saving of ap- Reliable satellite navigation is an essen- proximately 20–30 per cent is hoped for tial precondition for current and future Physical tests on oxygen supply in DLR’s by implementing new technologies. baromedicinal laboratory aeronautics. However, it has recently become clear that there are increasing Currently, the design provisions defined restrictions in the availability of this in international regulations are only tai- technology. The reason is accidental or lored to the traditional construction of deliberate interfering signals, which neg- the familiar yellow “coffee cups”. Allow- atively affect or entirely block navigation ing new systems demands that the cor- reception. A typical example of these responding conditions are revised and types of interfering signals is personal formulated in a way that is as technol- privacy devices, which lead to massive ogy-neutral as possible. In this regard availability problems for the FAA GBAS Ordinance CS 25.1443 c) on altitude- station at Newark Airport. Although dependent oxygen dosage for passen- these types of devices are illegal, they gers at a constant flow is in focus. A are still used by a large number of lorry corresponding EASA contract, SAPOX drivers in the USA in order to interfere (Safety of Pulsed Oxygen Systems) was with the lorry‘s GPS reception and thus given to a Franco-German consortium avoid their employers‘ fleet monitoring. that included the DLR Institute of Aero- space Medicine. The Institute of Communications and Navigation developed the first GPS/Gali- New criteria that ensure sufficient oxy- leo receiver demonstrator with an adap- gen supply to passengers in the event tive antennae array that can suppress of a loss of cabin pressure were tested the interfering signals and thus allow in experiments at the DLR institute‘s baro- particularly robust navigation. Although medical laboratory at the end of 2010. the potential of “adaptive antennae” This proved pulse oximetry to be helpful. technology is recognised in the profes- Here, arterial oxygen saturation of the sional world, practical realisation or even blood is calculated non-invasively as a validation has not yet been achieved. considerable physiological parameter via The GPS/Galileo receiver demonstrator an optical method. In order to illustrate developed by the Institute of Communi- the actual risk in the aircraft cabin in cations and Navigation was thus tested times of demographic change, the inves- in flight experiments during the UNITAS tigations were conducted mainly on older IV project. The flight experiments were people at altitudes of up to 40,000 feet. conducted together with the Technische With a blood oxygen saturation of at Universität Braunschweig. The results least 90 per cent of the people in the show reliable functioning of the algo- group over 50, the protection goal was rithms for beamforming and directional estimation under typical aeronautic con- ditions and a considerable improvement in efficiency compared to traditional navigation receivers.

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Outlook Aeronautics: Revenues in millions of euros 2010 2011 2012 The numerical simulation represents a actual planned planned key technology for the design of future Basic funding 129 135 135 aircraft. Continuing increases in compu- tational power suggests implementing Third-party financing 76 73 74 simulations in a considerably more far- reaching manner and completely remod- Total revenues 205 208 209 elling the development process for air- craft. The vision of “Maiden Flights on the Computer” resulting from this is a Expected revenue for the year 2011 central element of the Helmholtz Associ- ation (HGF) application portfolio “High- Total 208 Million euros All figures in million euros Performance-Computing-4-Digital-X”, which was approved in June 2011: con- ception, design, construction and com- munication of the flight characteristics ATM and Operations 49 of an aircraft are to be based solely on 32 Engine Research numerical simulation.

The associated requirements comprise developing a flexible canonical flow solver, 17 Rotorcraft Research the simulation of a manoeuvring elastic aircraft, capacity for multidisciplinary op- timisation and adjustment to future high- performance computer systems. Together with its associated partners Airbus and Aircraft Research 110 Forschungszentrum Jülich, DLR will use its scientific and technical expertise in exploring, developing, coupling and ap- plying cross-disciplinary simulation systems in order to embrace the requirements and gradually approach the vision.

21 Space

Space Administration, Space Research and Technology

Germany‘s national and international German space programme combines space exploration activities come German participation in the European together at the German Aerospace Space Agency (ESA) programmes, the Center: Research work is carried out EUMETSAT organisation, the National by the DLR Space Research institutes, Space Programme, the DLR ”Space” whereas policy issues are the remit R&T programme and additional space- of the DLR as Space Agency, which is related activities in science and in- responsible for pursuing national and dustry. Through these activities, DLR international space-related activities is in a prominent position to demon- on behalf of the Federal Government strate its expertise and capabilities in of Germany. DLR‘s own research in- collaborations with partners on na- stitutes have the task of contributing tional and international space flight to the scientific, technological and missions and research projects. The operational activities. The integrated following examples provide a brief overview of successes and events during the past year. Due to DLR‘s double function as Space Agency and research institution, there are three different types of results: - Space Administration highlights, - joint projects in Space Administra- tion and DLR‘s own Space Research and Technology, - Projects in DLR‘s Space Research and Technology.

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Space Administration highlights An overview of the directorate and its The intention is that further binding fi- members: nancial commitments will be concluded and approved as part of the overall fi- - New Directorate of Human Spaceflight nancial framework at consecutive minis- New German and Operations (D/HSO): The council ter conferences. has appointed Thomas Reiter (DE) as Space Strategy director. At the council meeting in March, the In its cabinet meeting on 30.11.2010, the - Directorate for Procurement, Finance participating states secured assistance federal government approved the new Operations and Legal Affairs: Eric Morel measures for Arianespace for carrier German space strategy. The German de Westgaver (BE) occupancy on the basis of due diligence on Arianespace‘s financial status (Slice 13 Minister of Economics Rainer Brüderle - Directorate for Human Resources, Facility Ariane-5 development programme). The presented it to the space community Management and Informatics (D/HFI): condition for this is greater transparency at a large opening event in Berlin on Hans-Georg Mockel (DE) (currently for the participating states. It is expected 01.12.2010. Chancellor at the Goethe University that the council will make a final decision Frankfurt) This paper fundamentally establishes on European carrier occupancy in Octo- how space flight is to develop on a na- - Directorate for ESA Policies, Planning ber 2011. tional level over the coming years, and and Control: Giuseppe Morsillo (IT) also in reaction to the changing interna- - Directorate of Science and Robotic tional political and social conditions. Exploration (D/SRE): Alvaro Giménez The strategy was introduced by BMWi. Cañete (ES) It was developed in conjunction with other ministries active in space flight - Directorate for the Galileo Programme and in agreement with scientific and and Navigation-related Activities (D/ economic institutions such as DLR. NAV): Didier Faivre (FR) - Directorate of Technical and Quality The new space strategy replaces the fed- Management (D/TEC): Franco Ongaro (IT) eral government‘s last space programme, which was approved in 2001. The new - Director of Corporate Reforms (D/CR; strategy represents the position that in Coordination of Financial Management recent years space flight has developed Reform, Financial Regulations, Adminis- from a scientifically characterised symbol trative and Finance Committee, ESA‘s of technological competition to an in- Efficiency Project and Sites and Infra- strument for overcoming social problems structure Policy): Gaele Winters (NL) and global challenges, such as climate change and security and defence measures. At the same council meeting the contin- uation of the European ISS operation programme was also decided upon. Those involved in the programme agreed on a capped financial framework (CaC) 221st ESA Council of 2.6 billion euros (WB 2011). On 16 and 17.03.2011 the ESA Council convened for its 221st meeting. During the meeting, the council implemented Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain‘s extensive restructuring measures. In ac- cordance with these changes, a team of directors was appointed that began its work on 01.04.2011. All directors have been appointed for a four-year period of office.

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Space Administration: Revenues and funding budget in millions of euros Surrounding the magnet is another RWTH development: the so-called veto 2010 2011 2012 counter, which measures deviations and actual planned planned prevents particles approaching from the Third-party funding 23 27 28 side from distorting the results. Germany (Management for Federal Ministries) is involved with the Transition Radiation National programme (incl. proportion- Detector (TRD), which can differentiate 225 242 270 ate management for BMWi contract) between various types of elementary particles. The data delivered by the TRD ESA (total incl. BMVBS et al.) 654 713 743 is registered by a recording system that Total 902 982 1042 was developed and built at the Univer- sität Karlsruhe.

Approximately 500 scientists from 16 AMS countries have participated in the 1.5 bil- lion-euro AMS project – German scien- Endeavour transports camera for tists and top German technology have dark matter to ISS significant involvement. DLR Space Ad- ministration offers support in this regard On 16.05.2011 the space shuttle Endea- with funding from the National Space vour (STS-134) took off on its flight to Programme. the ISS. On board was the Alpha Mag- netic Spectrometer (AMS), a detector for particles of cosmic radiation from space. The results are expected to provide clues “Johannes Kepler” The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer magnet in to the existence of what is known as the integration hall at CERN dark matter. Successful ATV mission

To date its existence has not been proved. On 21.06.2011 the European “Johannes In order to trace dark matter the AMS Kepler” ATV-2 space transporter entered spectrometer identifies a wide range of the Earth‘s atmosphere and burned up particle types by determining their load over the South Pacific. After a good four and mass and measures their energy months in space, the ATV-2 had undocked spectrum. The centerpiece of the 4 m², from the ISS on 20.06.2011. On board 7 tonne apparatus is a strong magnet in was a re-entry break-up recorder, which the middle. The particles deflected by the recorded all mechanical stresses during magnetic field describe a curved field the break up of the ATV and transmitted that is measured with silicium trackers. the data via satellite to ground control. A laser alignment system developed and built by the RWTH Aachen monitors the ATV-2 in flight stability of these trackers with a precision The ATV-2 initially re-boosted the orbit of 5 micrometres. of the ISS by more than 30 kilometres. After launching with an Ariane-5ES on 16.02.2011 the “Johannes Kepler” ATV-2 docked completely automatically at the ISS on 24.02.2011 and delivered a total of 7.1 tonnes of cargo. In addition to the re-boost, it also provided position con- trol on several occasions after the dock- ing and undocking of Sojus and Progress spacecraft and the space shuttle.

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Joint Projects in Space Administration and DLR‘s own Space Research and International Technology Charter Space and The SOFIA Flying Major Disasters Observatory On 19.10.2010, DLR joined the Interna- tional Charter Space and Major Disasters First scientific flight with the German at an event in Paris celebrating its tenth instrument GREAT an niversary. As the eleventh Space Agency DLR thus agrees to contribute its compe- German scientists conducted astronomic tencies and resources, particularly in the observations on board SOFIA (Stratosphere area of Earth observation, to handle nat- Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) for ural catastrophes and major disasters. the first time on 06.04.2011. SOFIA, the only flying observatory in the world, is a DLR has already played an active role in joint venture between DLR and NASA. It the Charter in the past. TerraSAR-X data is realised with funds from the National has repeatedly been requested and duly Space Programme, the federal state of provided to numerous Charter projects Baden-Württemberg and the University since its launch in June 2007. of Stuttgart. The Charter is an international treaty be- The German instrument GREAT (German tween space agencies and satellite oper- Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Fre- ators. The signatories to the Charter are quencies) was put to scientific use for the committed to supporting crisis manage- first time. With it spectroscopic observa- ment work in response to disasters by tions were conducted in the direction making their space-based infrastructure of M17, a region with intensified star available to the parties involved. Since it formation in our Milky Way and Galaxy was founded, the Charter has been in- IC342, which is only a few million light voked 280 times, meaning that it has been years away. possible to quickly supply maps derived from satellite imagery. Examples include GREAT is a spectrometer for observa- the flooding of the River Elbe in 2002, tions in the far infrared area of the elec- the tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, tromagnetic spectrum for frequencies the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 and the between 1.2 and 5 terahertz (60 to 220 tsunami catastrophe in Japan in 2011, micrometre wavelength), which cannot which is mentioned in the Security and be accessed from the Earth‘s surface Defence section. due to water vapour absorption in the atmosphere. GREAT was developed by the Max Planck Institute for Radio As- tronomy and the University of Cologne in cooperation with the Max Planck In- stitute for Solar System Research and the DLR Institute for Planetary Research.

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Europe‘s future satellite navigation system This fly-by offered the unique opportu- Ten Years will come into operation in 2014. The nity to examine the size, surface struc- GATE test environment ensures that sci- ture and rotational characteristics of this of ISS Usage ence and industry can conduct advance relatively large asteroid that had never tests for their applications under real op- been explored from close range. The Scientists happy with the interim erating and environmental conditions. data gained will provide clues to the age, state-of-play In the GATE test region in Berchtesgaden, mineralogical and geochemical composi- eight transmitter stations installed on tion and geological history of Lutetia. Ten years ago the very first physical and mountain peaks transmit so-called pseu- Examinations of the small bodies of the radiobiological experiments were con- dolite signals, which conform to those of Solar System – of which asteroids Lutetia ducted on the ISS – with substantial the Galileo satellites to be stationed in and Šteins are two – has delivered im- German involvement. To celebrate this the Earth‘s orbit from 2014. portant information regarding the earli- anniversary, DLR Space Administration est periods of the Solar System. The fly- organised a scientific symposium in Bonn The development and the construction by was a choice opportunity to test all on 23. and 24.03.2011. Leading space of the test environment was financed by the orbiter‘s instruments and several of scientists from German universities and DLR with funding from the Federal Min- the lander‘s experiments, because in July other research institutions presented the istry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) 2011 the Rosetta probe was put into a results of completed and ongoing ISS and by a consortium (comprising DLR 2.5 year hibernation. It will awake again experiments. Furthermore, they gave an and Fraunhofer research institutes, in- in January 2014 and prepare for the ar- outlook on future projects at the space dustrial enterprises and the Universität rival of Churyumov-Gerasimenko. station. der Bundeswehr München.

A total of 56 scientific and technological experiments from Germany have been or Mars500 are being conducted at the ISS, of which Rosetta 38 have been completed. Research under Controlled Rosetta spacecraft returns unique Conditions glimpses of asteroid Lutetia With the simulated GATE The European Rosetta spacecraft has Mars landing in Feb- achieved a further milestone on its journey ruary 2011 the Mars Galileo test region opened in to the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko. 500 project for the Berchtesgaden In July 2010, the orbiter flew past aster- six “cosmonauts” oid Lutetia at a distance of just 3,162 in an isolation container at the Moscow On 04.02.2011, the Federal Minister of kilometres. Lutetia is the largest aster- Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) Transport Dr. Peter Ramsauer opened oid that a space mission has ever visited, reached a new phase. After 256 days of GATE, Germany‘s most technologically and DLR is significantly involved in this the study to date, the German scientists comprehensive Galileo test environment, pioneering mission. This is how, for ex- involved began to assess their experi- in Berchtesgaden. ample, the OSIRIS camera, which was ments. A total of eleven German experi- developed in cooperation with Euro- ments were conducted within the pean partners, was funded by DLR Mars500 study as part of the National Space Administration under the leader- Space Programme, of which five involved ship of the Max Planck Institute for Solar the DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine. System Research in Katlenburg-Lindau. Investigations included, for example, the DLR‘s scientific involvement in Rosetta is effects of reduced salt intake on metab- coordinated by the Institute for Planetary olism, the regulation of the blood pres- Research. sure of the test subjects and how bone metabolism changes during the isolation period. The strict nutrition and limited activities of the test subjects on the

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Mars spacecraft offered the scientists a good basis for this. Other DLR scientists TanDEM-X at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine were involved in experiments that also First 3D pictures shortly after launch have great importance for space flight. While biologists are investigating the On 22.07.2010, only a month after the development of microbial flora in the start of TanDEM-X, scientists from DLR closed area of the spacecraft and its in Oberpfaffenhofen successfully pub- crew, psychologists are exploring com- lished the first 3D pictures from the sat- puter-based training of complex control ellite mission. In order for 3D pictures tasks and the group dynamic of the and altitude models to be recorded, Tan- Mars500 crew. DEM-X and, since 2007, its twin satellite in space TerraSAR-X, must fly in close formation and simultaneously record the same areas of the Earth from different Student teams from REXUS 9 and 10 perspectives. The flexible formation REXUS 9 and 10 flight of the two radar satellites allows Research rockets take student the data gathered to be analysed for a experiments to the edge of the wide range of investigations of the Earth. atmosphere As well as the volcanic region of the In February 2011, the REXUS 9 and 10 Atacama Desert, this TanDEM-X photo- research rockets successfully launched graph shows the Salar de Uyuni, which from the Esrange Space Center in the at a total of 10,000 m² is the largest salt northern Swedish town of Kiruna. On basin in the world. The blue and dark their approximately five-minute flights, blue colours mark the salt plain as the the rockets of DLR and the Swedish deepest area. The educated eye can also Space Agency SNSB almost reached read the rock strata boundaries from the the boundary of space at an height of altitude model. This knowledge of the TanDEM-X photo: Salar de Uyuni, the largest approximately 80 kilometres. On the Earth‘s surface allows important conclu- salt basin in the world and the volcanic region of the Atacama Desert REXUS 9 and 10 rockets, student groups sions to be drawn regarding the forma- from Germany, Ireland, Italy, Austria and tion and composition of the terrain. Sweden tested technologies for space and atmosphere research and investi- During an overflight of the Italian vol- gated the behaviour of metal particles cano Etna, the satellite pair of TanDEM-X and liquids under zero gravity conditions. and TerraSAR-X simultaneously photo- The German-Swedish REXUS/BEXUS pro- graphed an object on the Earth‘s surface gramme (Rocket/Balloon Experiments in exactly the same microsecond for the for University Students) allow students first time. Using the data gathered, DLR to gain their own practical experience scientists created a three-dimensional of preparing and conducting space pro- altitude model with a previously un- jects. The German REXUS projects are achieved altitude accuracy of up to two led by the Institute of Space Systems in metres. Bremen. The flight campaigns are con- ducted by EuroLaunch, a joint venture The TanDEM-X mission is conducted by between DLR‘s mobile rocket base DLR with funding from and commis- (MoRaBa) and the Swedish Space Agency, sioned by the Federal Ministry of Eco- the Swedish Space Corporation‘s (SSC) nomics and Technology (BMWi) within Esrange Space Center. DLR Space Ad- the framework of a public private part- ministration in Bonn led the programme nership (PPP) with Astrium GmbH. and managed the call for proposals.

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Projects in DLR’s Space Research and Technology Air and LIDAR

Laboratory tests and measurements at Germany‘s highest environmental “Tips” station Technology from Germany At the Schneefernerhaus Environmental With SHEFEX II DLR is taking a new path Research Station, a scientist from the in the development of a future space- DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics has craft: Sharp corners and edges are in- improved a special model to interpret tended to make re-entry into the Earth‘s LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) atmosphere cheaper, safer and more data. To date, this so-called Tenti model flexible. After three years in develop- has only been investigated for its validity ment, the angular payload has been in molecular gases, but not in gaseous revealed to the public at DLR Stuttgart. mixtures such as air. The basic research The two-metre-long spacecraft is cur- that was lacking here has now been pro- rently being subjected to comprehensive vided in cooperation with the Free Uni- testing at DLR Oberpfaffenhofen and versity Amsterdam in preparation for being mounted the tip of a two-stage the ESA meteorological Atmospheric sounding rocket. This is to be launched Dynamics Mission (ADM-Aeolus). ADM- Aeolus is based on LIDAR measurements, Assembly of the SHEFFEX-II tip from the Andøya Rocket Range (ARR) testing area in northern Norway in 2011. during which short, high-energy laser SHEFEX II is testing nine different ther- impulses are sent through the atmos- mal shield systems, which are largely de- phere where they meet air molecules, signs from DLR‘s so-called fibre ceramics. dust and ice particles. The light that is In addition and in contrast to its prede- scattered in the process is analysed. cessors, SHEFEX II has small stub wings, Conclusions regarding the prevailing so-called canards, with which the craft wind speeds in the atmosphere can be can be controlled. Behind the SHEFEX drawn from its properties. Improve- programme is the idea of testing new ments increased the correspondence of re-entry technologies for space flight as measurement and model to 98 per cent. cost-effectively as possible in flight ex- The measurements thus offer the assur- periments. The aim of the development ance that negligible errors occur during is a unique space glider called the REX the analysis of LIDAR data using the Free Flyer, which is to be made available Tenti model. ADM-Aelous is expected to for traceable experiments under zero launch in 2012 and improve the com- gravity conditions from 2020 on. puter-assisted weather forecast and the understanding of dynamic processes in the atmosphere.

Physical tests on scattering of light

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Mapheus-2 Mars-Rover

Experimenting under zero gravity Obstacle course provides Mars-like conditions test conditions

In October 2010 DLR Mapheus-2 Researchers at DLR Robotics and Mecha- (Material Physical Experiments under tronics Center (RMC) have built a chal- Zero Gravity Conditions) research rocket lenging obstacle course, which really launched from DLR Space Operations‘ puts the ExoMars rover to the test. ESA, MORABA (Mobile Rocket Base) in the which wishes to send the rover into northern Swedish town of Kiruna. On space, has set rigorous specifications for board were three material physics exper- the tests it has to pass. It must climb over Challenging Martian surface iments by the DLR Institute for Material stones and up Mars dunes. It must be Physics that were subjected to zero grav- able to drive up slopes of 26 degrees to ity conditions for three minutes and meet ESA‘s specifications. Infrared cam- thoroughly analysed by DLR scientists eras follow the rover‘s every movement after the flight. The experiments for this and at the end of the test sequence, an- flight were developed and built in order other camera system scans the entire to investigate three very fundamental surface of the test tank so that the com- processes. In the “ATLAS-M” (Atomic puter can build a three-dimensional map Transport in Liquid Alloys and Semicon- of the surface. The vehicle‘s tracks and ductors in Mapheus) experiment the sci- all the obstacles are precisely recorded. entists wished to investigate diffusion in The computer simulations are optimised molten metals. The results serve both to using the data gathered. Later, many describe processes of diffusion and so- tests for the ExoMars rover will not have lidification and to further develop new to be conducted in the ‚real‘ world, be- experimental methods that can be ap- cause computer simulations will give the plied in ground-level laboratories. In the researchers the information they require. DEMIX-M experiment the scientists are The findings could also be useful for fu- investigating so-called separation of liq- ture missions: if the plan is to allow a uid metals. The results could contribute rover to travel independently over unfa- considerably towards developing physi- miliar terrain using a stereo camera to cal model representations of separation – guide it, or to use a swarm of small a basis for casting simulations of work- crawlers – crab-like rovers with many pieces. The third experiment deals with legs – these activities can be tested out magnetically excited granular material. in computer simulations before the In the MeGraMa-M (Magnetically Excited event. Granular Matter on Mapheus) module, kinetic energy can be introduced to a granular system under zero gravity con- ditions in a targeted manner. In addition, paramagnetic particles are used, which are excited via variable magnetic fields. It is therefore also possible to introduce energy to the system‘s interior, and the energy can be homogeneously distributed. As soon as this happens, the magnetic fields are turned off and DLR scientists can observe the granular cooling under undisturbed conditions.

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MiroSurge Survival Experts

A new stage of development for Microorganisms in space surgery Spores of bacillus subtilis have spent 22 In 2010 the Medical Robotics project months in the ‚EXPOSE-R‘ test container group at DLR Robotics and Mechatronics outside the ISS. For the first time during Center (RMC) presented a new stage in a long-duration mission, they were the development of MiroSurge robotics mixed with artificial meteorite dust and systems for minimally invasive surgery at exposed to the harsh conditions of outer the AUTOMATICA trade fair for the inter- space. Since this experiment began back national surgery and medicine technol- in March 2009, almost 300 microorgan- ogy industry. The very positive reactions ism samples have been subjected to intensified the goal of this development: harsh conditions. Using optical filters EXPOSE-R with microorganisms outside providing the surgeons the most ergo- and various artificial meteorite materials, the ISS nomic and variable way of working. The we have created different UV radiation Helmholtz Association (HGF) was success- conditions for these microorganisms. fully engaged to fund developing closer Some of the samples were exposed to cooperation with clinicians. As part of an inert gas atmosphere, while others this MIRO laboratory project, commer- were exposed to vacuum conditions. In cialisation of the system was prepared addition, the samples were subjected to and a medical robotics laboratory con- ionised radiation, zero gravity conditions structed, in which long-term applied re- and temperature fluctuations. At inter- search with clinics and industry could be vals with the ISS experiment, researchers conducted at DLR Oberpfaffenhofen. at the DLR Institute of Aerospace Medi- cine conducted the experiment on the ground in their Planetary and Space Sim- ulation Facility in order to obtain a com- parative sample set. Scientists at DLR are now determining how many of these spores have survived the mission. If it turns out that the meteorite dust was able to shield the spores from the hostile space environment, microorganisms may be capable of surviving in meteorites for long periods of time and travelling from one planet to another.

Ozone Layer

Climate chemistry models in long-term simulations DLR MiroSurge robotics system Researchers at the DLR Institute of At- mospheric Physics have been instrumen- tal in the preparation of a report on the development of the ozone layer in the stratosphere for the World Meteorological Organization. Recent estimates suggest that, by the middle of the 21st century,

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the thickness of ozone layer will be at Space R&T Revenues in millions of euros least the same as in the early 1980s and 2010 2011 2012 that the ozone hole over the Antarctic will have closed as much as possible if the actual planned planned Montreal Protocol commitments continue Basic funding 154 157 166 to be followed strictly. The basis for the forecasts in this report is known as climate Third-party financing 154 146 138 chemistry models, which have been Total revenues 308 303 304 produced at institutions including the above-named DLR institute. Long-term simulations to investigate the ozone layer are conducted there, during which the Expected revenue for the year 2011 computational results for the past are compared with observation data. Deliv- Total 303 Million euros All figures in million euros ering reliable estimates relating to future developments is only possible on the Space Transport basis of thoroughly tested models. To Technology of gain an understanding of atmospheric 97 Space Systems processes, atmosphere researchers use 52 data from the DLR Remote Sensing Research under Technology Institute. This satellite data Space Conditions 14 will, for example, be compared with other independent data so that the pro- Space Explorations 24 cess will culminate in high-value, quality- tested data that scientists can work with. 20 Communication and Navigation

Earth Observation 96 Outlook

For DLR, space research involves research and development that directly benefits people while at the same time being our In the Helmholtz space programme, po- inspiration for the future. The challenges tential space applications are developed, for the long-term preservation of the work is carried out on technical solu- basis on which we thrive, which face tions and specific scientific and applica- humankind as a part of a changing world, tion-related missions are prepared. All can only be approached scientifically if this happens in conjunction with part- correspondingly suitable data and infor- ners from industry, research bodies, uni- mation about the Earth and what is hap- versities and government agencies and pening on it are available. Space flight authorities, acting as a central link be- plays a crucial role in this respect. Space tween all the key players involved in space flight also means pushing research to flight and taking projects from an idea to completely new dimensions. Space flight execution to application in space flight. profoundly affects our vision of the ac- tual Earth and the world beyond our planet. How did the cosmos come into being? Does life exist outside Earth? How does the space environment affect processes in the life sciences and materi- als science? These are all questions that affect people. Space flight offers unique new ways of answering these questions.

31 Transport

The transport sector is essential for modern society. It satisfies individual VABENE needs for mobility, generates em- ployment, and represents a substan- Transport management in extreme tial proportion of added value in the situations economy. This is especially true for Germany with its export-strong Major events, large-scale emergencies economy and central transit position and catastrophes endanger the function- at the center of Europe. However, ality of the transport system. On the transport also has undesirable conse- other hand, it is precisely the transport quences. Noise and exhaust fumes system that takes on a significant role after harm humans and the environment, these occurrences; emergency services countless people become victims of use the transport infrastructure in order accidents. Solving these conflicting to ensure transport and deployment lo- aspects is amongst the major chal- gistics. It is also important to maintain lenges of our time. This is precisely the mobility of the population as much where the DLR transport programme‘s as possible. The VABENE project is aimed research is applied: How do we shape at offering the emergency services effi- a modern transport system that is cient support vehicles for decision-mak- sustainable over the long-term, both ing. VABENE‘s central element is the so- economically and in terms of its so- called crisis simulator. This processes the cial and ecological impact? This over- initial situation, infrastructure and trans- arching question accompanies us on port information to give a comprehen- the search for concrete answers. On sive illustration of the current overall the following pages, we will present traffic situation. This also forms the basis a selection from the diverse results for forecasting future transport develop- of our research work during the pe- ments using simulations. In addition, riod 2010–2011. automatic action recommendations can also be derived by taking into account further boundary conditions. This infor- mation is made available to emergency services on site and in the respective co- ordination centers so that decisions can be better coordinated and effects more soundly analysed. Sensors linked to ground and infrastructure often have only limited availability in the event of a crisis. Our airborne traffic and situation capture systems thus provide important supplementary data in near real-time. The intelligent coupling of this different sensor information and comparative as- sessment with historical inventory data are further keys to VABENE‘s success.

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In a large-scale test on the occasion of In their concluding report, which they the Munich Oktoberfest 2010, DLR sci- presented at the end of 2010, they came entists supported employees at Munich‘s to notable results. Shipping contributes traffic control center. Traffic data from to global warming through carbon diox- approximately 4,000 taxis in the Floating ide emissions. Nitrogen oxide emissions Car Data Fleet and transport information also increase the effect of global warm- from stationary measuring stations in ing through ground-level ozone creation. the Greater Munich area was conflated Furthermore, ozone is detrimental to to give the current overall traffic situation human health. The high concentration of and forecasts regarding traffic develop- SO2 emissions appears at first glance to ments in the following 30 minutes de- counter global warming, as sulphur diox- rived from this. After its successful im- ide and other sulphurous compounds in- plementation at the Oktoberfest, the first itially react to form sulphuric acids in the test of the entire VABENE system took atmosphere. Together with water, these place in June 2011. As part of this and then form aerosols. These aerosols change in contrast to the Oktoberfest, airborne the characteristics of clouds so that they transport situation capture was also used. reflect more solar radiation into space The internal project objective of making and less heat radiation is present on the aerial photographs and traffic informa- Earth‘s surface. However, this only hap- tion gathered from these available in near pens only for a short time and is limited Mobile VABENE ground control in field test real-time was successfully implemented. locally, while carbon dioxide remains in In addition, the mobile ground control the atmosphere for over 100 years. that had been implemented for the first time and which functioned as a local sit- The concrete findings of the SeaKLIM uation center, demonstrated its efficiency. group and its supplementary evidence of massive air pollution in coastal regions have contributed to the introduction of drastically stricter rules for minimising Shipping SO2 emissions for international shipping. They have also been used in the Interna- Impact on the atmosphere and tional Maritime Organisation‘s Second climate Greenhouse Gas Study.

In 2000 approximately 800 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) were expelled by ship engines on the world‘s oceans. This figure is almost equal to that of air Container ship with exhaust plume traffic. However, with more than 20 mil- lion tonnes of nitrogen oxides (NOx), shipping exceeds air traffic by ten times, and with approximately 12 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), it exceeds it by as much as 100 times. This fact is pri- marily due to the fuels used, which have a high sulphur content. Since 2004, ten young scientists and Ph.D. students from DLR and the University of Bremen have concerned themselves with the effects of shipping emissions on the atmosphere and the climate as part of the Helmholtz University Young Investigators Group SeaKLIM.

33 Research Report > Transport

The data assessment taken from the Why We Wake Up noise-related increase in heart rate showed that there was no getting used The impact of traffic noise on sleep to the noise. Even after the volunteers patterns had spent several nights in a row being subjected to the traffic noise, the indi- Traffic noise is annoying! Especially at vidual noises still caused their hearts to night! These are the unsurprising find- beat faster. This key result supports the ings of numerous population surveys. To possible link between long-term expo- combat the effects of the noise, we first sure to noise pollution and the occur- need to understand how humans react rence of heart and circulation problems. to it. 72 men and women of different Other results from the study show that ages were thus taken to sleep for eleven the frequency of the traffic noise plays a nights at a sleep laboratory as part of a key role in the disruption of sleep. Find- DLR study. They were subjected to dif- ings such as these can be used for fur- ferent loud noises from cars, trains and ther research into the optimisation of ac- aircraft in a precisely defined pattern. tive and passive noise control methods. The team‘s studies included the influence of noise on the waking response time, brain signals and heart rate. During the morning after their nights in the labora- tory, the volunteers underwent various Road Freight Sleeping for science concentration and memory tests. The trial participants themselves also rated Transport 2030 the quality of their sleep and the level Facts, trends and perspectives of disturbance. Road freight transport will continue to A significant finding of the physiological develop dynamically for the foreseeable investigations was that at the same vol- future. Environmental sustainability, en- ume, noise sources that occur and disap- ergy balance and impact on the climate pear again quickly, e.g. cars, affect sleep will therefore become an increasing more than those that approach and dis- focal point. A study on the development appear slowly, e.g. aircraft. However, of road freight transport in Germany up this was not generally perceived by the to 2030 addresses precisely these themes. test subjects in their subjective assess- It was produced by DLR in cooperation ments. They identified aircraft noise as with the WeltWirtschaft Institute in the greatest disturbance. A possible ex- Hamburg and commissioned by Shell planation for this is the duration of the Deutschland. At the center of the inves- noise. A healthy human wakes up about tigation are the heavy goods vehicles 20 times a night. In most cases the wak- (HGVs) used in road freight transport. ing phase is too short for the person Based on current transport statistical to register it or remember, especially in data, it analyses structures and trends the case of slowly approaching aircraft, for freight transport vehicles. It also in- which reach their highest volume level vestigates the potential of engine, vehi- overhead and then slowly disappear; the cle and fuel technologies available cur- noise is still there after the sleeper has rently and in the medium term. To this woken up and is consciously registered. end, future energy consumption and It is therefore consciously experienced CO emissions for road freight transport and the affected person can remember 2 and road transport overall are estimated it the next day. on the basis of the two scenarios. A continuation of current technological

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trends is recorded in the trend scenario; tion system, identifies the most cost-ef- the alternative scenario is more ambi- fective route between two cities using tiously structured as regards technological spatial data. Factors such as terrain gra- development. dients, population density and bodies of water determine the course of high- A significant result of the study is that speed routes and influence the construc- road freight transport, but particularly tion costs considerably. Based on the long-distance road freight transport, is altitude profile it is possible to estimate becoming increasingly cleaner. However, where tunnels and bridges have to be the elaborate emission treatment tech- built. In combination with forecasts re- nologies that are jointly responsible for garding the development of passenger this make HGVs more expensive. In re- numbers on the respective relationships, cent years they have also led to increased the calculated routes thus allow an as- energy consumption. HGVs in 2030 will sessment of the feasibility of new high- use greatly improved diesel technology speed routes. A Next Generation Train emerges from the and, depending on driving profile, use tunnel hybrid technology and sustainable biofu- However, it is not only a question of els as well as combine optimised vehicle identifying suitable routes for next gen- technology. Road freight transport‘s share eration trains. In order to minimise the of total CO2 emissions, which is currently time double-decker trains spend in sta- around 5 per cent, is expected to rise due tions, the interior design is to be opti- to HGV transport and driving performance. mised and adjusted to the station infra- Due to technological improvements to structure. Necessary adjustments of the HGVs, but mainly due to clearly more infrastructure and their effects are also sustainable passenger vehicle mobility, to be described. To this end, DLR scien-

CO2 emissions from motorised road tists simulate different vehicle configura- transport will remain stable overall in tions, analyse and assess boarding and the trend scenario for the period 2005 alighting times and model the move- to 2030. In the alternative scenario, they ments of individual persons in the train will fall by 17 per cent. interior for different arrangements of seats, stairs and doors. On the basis of the rate of passenger transfer in long- distance travel and taking into account Next technical conditions, the best concept for a smooth flow of passengers and Generation Train rapid passenger transfer is thus calcu- lated at a simultaneously high level of More than just a vehicle passenger comfort. To this end scientists work with the TOMICS microscopic fast- With the Next Generation Train project, time simulation software developed by DLR has been following a holistic ap- DLR. proach for future rail vehicles in high- speed traffic since 2007. In the process, the research work extends far beyond simple observation of rail vehicles. Suita- ble high-speed routes, for example, are thus identified and the interaction be- tween the train and the infrastructure at stations is illuminated.

How could high-speed traffic develop globally in future? DLR‘s routing tool, which is based on a geographic informa-

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very positively. The current objective is Free-Piston to implement the complete control tech- nology concept for the ideal configura- Linear Generator tion identified and to also further opti- mise the two-stroke combustion process. Range extender – just in case

In spite of the anticipated increase in battery energy and power density, elec- VECTOR 21 tric battery vehicle coverage will remain limited for the foreseeable future. So- Simulated development of the called range extenders could increase vehicle market this coverage, but these require a little more research. This is because a range Under the acronym VECTOR 21, DLR sci- extender must be simultaneously eco- entists have developed computer soft- Free-piston linear generator measuring nomical, light and easy to integrate into ware to analyse the complex future pas- control room at DLR Stuttgart the vehicle. It also cannot cause any senger vehicle market. At the core of disturbances when implemented. DLR VECTOR 21 is a scenario model for vehi- is developing a range extender using cle technology that takes into account the free-piston linear generator (FPLG), the most recent social, political, techno- which is precisely tailored to these re- logical and ecological conditions in the quirements. And that‘s not all: with the German car market against the back- FPLG, stroke and compression variability drop of global developments until 2040. leads not only to a high level of effi- The researchers have built up an exten- ciency at low emissions, but also allows sive technology database over five years. operation using different fuels. Moreo- It includes information on energy con- ver, its extremely flat construction simpli- sumption, production costs and sales fies optimum positioning in the vehicle. prices for different types of car and is Another highlight of this innovative constantly expanded. The bandwidth motor concept is the replacement of the comprises conventional combustion mo- crankshaft with a combination of linear tors, range extenders, battery and fuel motor and gas spring. The linear motor cell propulsion vehicles as well as regu- creates electrical energy directly. This is larly updated descriptions of all technol- Free-piston linear generator mounted on converted or temporarily stored by the ogies with regard to their development the test bench vehicle‘s electric motors when in for- potential. ward drive. Different scenarios are created on The complete system was first success- the basis of the database on behalf of fully tested on the test bench at the end clients from politics and economics. In of 2010/beginning of 2011 in different these, the computer model takes three configurations of linear motors, gas factors that decisively influence the vehi- springs and combustion. In these tests, cle market as a basis. Firstly the clients, the forecasted performance parameters who are organised into different types were confirmed without exception and, of buyer from pro-innovation buyers to in some situations, exceeded them. An the innovation-shy and who can present external evaluation of the FPLG went a decisive hurdle for the market entry of similarly well: the entire concept, work technologies; secondly the different pro- to date and future plans were assessed pulsion concepts and technologies com- peting for market entry over the next 30 years; and thirdly external factors such

as tax, subsidies, CO2 goals and develop- ments in fuel prices. For example, the calculations are determined by the rate

36 Research Report > Transport

of increase of crude oil prices until 2040, The rib was distinguished with the JEC the share biofuels have in the overall fuel Innovation Award at the JEC Composites supply, the proportion of renewable international trade fair 2010 in Singapore. energies and the price of hydrogen. If a The fact that the rib is not only a com- contractor wishes to achieve a consider- ponent of an innovative concept, but that

able CO2 reduction within a vehicle fleet, it also fulfils its stability requirements in the researchers can work out which practice has been proved in an initial crash technologies can be used to realise such test. This test was conducted at DLR‘s a goal. Correspondingly, the scenarios dynamic component test bed, which was are not forecasts, but rather models of inaugurated in June 2011. Large, complex possible future situations independent passenger vehicle components up to the of the respective factors. size of a car body can be tested for crash safety under actual conditions at the test bed. The Structure Stands

Lightweight construction methods for electromobility

How can the car of tomorrow be made both lighter and safer? DLR researchers show how this is possible using rib and space frame construction. To this end they first developed a lightweight rib from carbon fibre composites (CFC). The term rib, which is common in aircraft con- The light rib, manufactured from struction, describes a load-bearing com- carbon fibre composite ponent that strengthens the fuselage. The rib is then built into a three-dimen- sional lattice known as a space frame structure. Simple geometric metallic structures that cancel out the high cost of the lightweight construction material are used here.

Although the rib is up to 35 per cent lighter than the comparative structure of a modern mid-class vehicle, due to its stiff-ring form it is perfectly suited to the high safety requirements of alterna- tive propulsion concepts, e.g. for battery or fuel cell propelled vehicles. The mark- edly lower weight of the DLR passenger compartment of the future also has an immediate positive effect on vehicle en- ergy consumption and, last but not least, benefits the comparatively heavy, electric battery vehicles.

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from the underground car park via Support at the smartphone. To date, highly automated driving has been designed for motor- Push of a Button ways, but in the next step it is to be ex- tended to more complex environments, More relaxed driving such as urban traffic. The fact that auto- mated driving is fundamentally possible Even today cars have systems that sup- in actual urban traffic was first proved port drivers. ABS, ESP and park distance by the “Stadtpilot” project, in which control are part of everyday life. How- DLR was involved. ever, DLR goes a few steps further. In Borås in June 2011 we demonstrated a Under the management of the Lower perspective of what will be possible for Saxony Vehicle Technology Research mass production vehicles together with Center, the research vehicle Leonie kept our EU HAVEit project partners. What is Support at the push of a button in in lane on the two-lane Braunschweig the FASCar II offered ranges from assistance in special ring road at speeds of up to 60 kmh, situations to semi-automated and highly took account of crossings, avoided ob- automated driving. The assistant option stacles and adjusted distance and speed provides the driver with assistance only. to the traffic flow. It will take many For example, the steering wheel warns more years until these types of technol- the driver with a slight twitch if they are ogy find their way into everyday driving, in danger of leaving the lane. They still but in DLR‘s research the future has al- must steer themselves. In the semi-auto- ready begun. matic level, the car assumes individual tasks from the driver. For example, with help of the intelligent distance regula- tion, the car automatically travels at the Outlook desired speed and, when doing so, keeps sufficient distance between slower vehi- The overarching goal of DLR‘s transport cles in front. In the automatic level, on research is a fast, reliable, safe and, at the other hand, the driver can even take the same time, economically and ecolog- their hands off the steering wheel; the ically sustainable transport system. To car now automatically controls speed, this end, we are researching and devel- distance and lane-keeping. However, re- oping state-of-the-art technologies, con- sponsibility remains with the driver. They cepts and strategies. We use our specific decide themselves how much and what transport expertise to systematically ac- they wish to hand over to the car and cess DLR internal know-how in the areas can fully re-assume a driving task at any of aeronautics, space and energy for time. The system thus offers greater se- transport applications. As part of this we curity and at the same time allows for focus our energy on the programme’s more relaxed driving. three research topics: terrestrial vehicles, traffic management and the transporta- One of the test vehicles for the driving tion system. demonstrations in Borås was the DLR FASCar II, which is equipped with envi- Cars, commercial vehicles, trains, and ronmental sensors and a precise posi- locomotives of the next generation with tioning system. It can thus recognise ob- lower energy consumption, lighter struc- stacles and objects and precisely register tures, optimised aerodynamics, increased the driving lane. Even today, the FASCar safety, improved comfort and less noise II can independently look for a parking are the focus of our research in this com- space on the test area or can be called ing report year. We improve the effec- tiveness and efficiency of infrastructure utilisation with innovative approaches to

38 Erwartete Erträge für das Jahr 2011

Gesamtsumme 53 Mio. Euro Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro

Research Report > Transport

Verkehrsmanagement 17 13 Verkehrssysteme

managing road and rail traffic as well as Transport: Revenues in millions of euros shipping and airports. Our contributions 2010 2011 2012 to traffic management for public mass actual planned planned events and disasters support police and emergency services. An integrated view Basic funding Bodengebundener31 35 Verkehr 40 23 of traffic development and the environ- ment will allow us to follow new paths Third-party financing 12 18 20 in researching transport system interac- Total revenues 43 53 60 tions. Furthermore, we will devote our particular attention to three issues: elec- tromobility, mobility in the cities of to- morrow and maritime transport technol- find new mobility concepts. This is be- Expected revenue for the year 2011 ogy. coming more and more important to us, as over the past several years, metropoli- Total 53 Million euros We are currently condensing the many tan regions in which cities and greater years of dynamic transport research fo- urban areas combine have been emerg- Traffic Management cussing on electromobility into a system- ing in Germany as well as the rest of Eu- atic approach. Nine interdisciplinary rope. Manifold, often new functions that 17 DLR institutes have merged to intensify are incorporated into global structures already existing transport research on are concentrated here. At the same time, electromobility in a targeted manner the differences between areas in equip- and supplement selected complemen- ment and attractiveness are increas ing. tary aspects in the areas of vehicles and Changes in terms of spatial structure assistance as well as markets and users create new requirements in both passen- with financial support from the Federal ger and commercial transport that the 23 Ministry of Economics and Technology range of public transport, which has a 13 (BMWi). The focus is on increasing the long-term tie to the infrastructure, is in- acceptance and use of electromobility creasingly less able to satisfy. by extending the coverage and identifi- Transport cation of further user requirements and The exploration topic of maritime traffic Systems Terrestrial Traffic their consideration in research as well as technology will be evaluated by a group implementation. Our aim is not to tackle of experts at the end of 2011. There will All figures in million euros electromobility in all its facets within DLR. be a concluding decision on the long- However, we are convinced that our term acceptance of the topic into the ability to penetrate the entire relevant transport programme portfolio. research spectrum within DLR is just as important as it is unique in German elec- tromobility research. It also allows us to consider the research results of others as integral. We wish to further exploit this potential to contribute to Germany be- coming a leading provider and leading market for electromobility.

With mobility in the cities of tomorrow, we have taken on another overarching issue of great complexity. Our task thereby is to take into account the inter- action between traffic and town plan- ning options as well as the transport sys- tem in an integrative approach and thus

39 Energy

The generation, conversion and use All DLR research focus areas contrib- of energy are with us every day and ute – with different intensities – to play a central role in most technolog- these energy goals. In its energy pro- ical systems. Even on a social and po- gramme DLR concentrates on the en- litical level, the topic of energy has vironmentally friendly, efficient, and been pushed into sharp focus by the cost-effective provision and storage Fukushima disaster, volatile prices as of energy on a scale relevant to the well as environmental and climate energy industry; it is thereby in com- risks. The energy concept and the plete accordance with the 6th Energy German Government‘s 6th Energy Research Programme. DLR energy Research Programme as well as DLR‘s research deals with the topics of ef- pilot studies pave the way for a sus- ficient and environmentally friendly tainable energy system, which can- provision of electricity, thermal, elec- not lastly be achieved with help of trochemical and chemical energy energy research. storage and analysing and develop- ing the overall energy system. To reach these energy goals three lines of action must be pursued simultane- DLR energy research can gain com- ously: energy demand must be dras- petitive advantage from the breadth tically reduced through increased uti- and diversity of DLR institutes‘ com- lisation efficiency, energy conversion petencies. Firstly, these allow complex for the provision of electricity must issues to be treated in a multidiscipli- become more efficient and ecologi- nary manner; secondly, diverse syn- cally sustainable and renewable en- ergies between these programmes ergy sources must be comprehen- can be exploited. Last but not least, sively developed. At the same time, test facilities, measurement methods the energy supply system must be and simulation processes can be guaranteed within the overall sys- shared. tem, e.g. through the use of suitable storage and regulation technologies. On the basis of the success of their work in term of content and in addi- tion to the basic funds available, DLR energy research is acquiring compre- hensive external funding; approxi- ma tely half from public funding pro- grammes and industry. Both a clear application orientation and a solid scientific anchoring have a very posi- tive effect here. However, the level of third-party funding achieved has led to the fact that the margin for ex- ploring and opening up new fields has become very small.

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KONTAS

The parabolic collector test bench

In 2010, KONTAS was built on the Plata- forma Solar de Almería and comprises a rotatable platform on which a collector module up to 20 metres long can be in- stalled. The precision test bench is an expansion of the Test and Qualification Center for Concentrating Solar Technol- ogy (QUARZ) and can be implemented to qualify a wide range of components of parabolic collectors. Using biaxial tracking, the test bench is very flexible with regards to the angle of solar radia- tion. To provide tempered thermal oil it has a heating and cooling unit, which is also installed on the platform. Tempera- ture regulation of the thermal oil is made Rotatable parabolic trough test bench on the PSA possible by quickly adjusting stationary operating points within a wide tempera- ture range of 20 to 400 °C. There are Rolls-Royce Deutschland and ALSTOM as plans to further improve the measuring part of an AG Turbo project. Detailed accuracy of the test bench by, for exam- measurements with high temporal and ple, precise definition of the thermal oil‘s spatial resolution – funded by the Aero- effective heat capacity. nautics Research Programme IV – served the deep understanding of the complex flow processes, particularly the interac- tion between the adjustable front stator, Rig250 the first stage rotor and the housing components. Over 700 measuring points Test compressor for gas turbines (pressure, temperature, hot-film probes, strain gauges) were measured. The prep- The Rig250 multi-stage axial compressor aration with extensive numerical simula- successfully passed a programme of ex- tions allows for the time-consuming and tensive testing at the DLR Institute of expensive measurements to be reduced Propulsion Technology. The test com- to the absolute minimum. pressor represents the front stages of a next generation stationary gas turbine and the transonic front stages of an air- craft gas turbine.

The effectiveness of housing components on increasing the working area for multi- stage axial compressors in combination with adjustable stators was first investi- gated in experiments together with

41 Research Report > Energy

The present data are now being analysed nomic feasibility at various locations. in order to draw conclusions for the fu- Furthermore, the available radiation and ture development of gas turbine com- surface resources for such stations were pressors. Furthermore, the institute will calculated with the help of a geographic use these results to validate all flow cal- information system (GIS). culation and compressor layout methods. The new scenario of a sustainable water This research provides exceptional proof supply by 2050 generated from this of the synergies between DLR pro- data includes possible effects of climate grammes and its close cooperation with change and a detailed investigation into industry. the temporal correlation of supply and demand for all countries in the region. The second phase began in April 2011 in which locations for the first pilot facil- Sea Water ities in the region were identified. Desalinisation Potential solar thermal power plants enerMENA

In October 2010, together with the engi- Solar know-how for North Africa neering firm Fichtner and the consultancy firm FutureWater, the DLR Institute of As part of the German Foreign Office Technical Thermodynamics in Stuttgart funded project enerMENA (Energy in was commissioned by the World Bank to Middle East and North Africa), agree- Potential chart for solar thermal power plants conduct a detailed investigation into the ments on technological cooperation in potential of solar thermal power plants the field of solar power plant technology for sea-water desalinisation in the Mid- were concluded with universities and in- dle East and North Africa (MENA). In stitutions from Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, the first phase of the project the techno- Egypt and Jordan. Furthermore, two logical concept of such stations was de- meteorological stations were installed fined and a detailed performance model in Jordan and Tunisia in order to build a developed for testing technical and eco- reliable meteorological database for the region. The construction of six further stations in Algeria, Egypt and Morocco is being planned.

In autumn 2010, 25 engineers and ex- perts from partner countries took part in a four-week capacity-building course in Almería. DLR scientists imparted technical expertise on how to independently plan, construct, operate and optimise solar power projects. The participants were selected on the basis that they were in a position to pass on the knowledge gained during the course to their col- leagues. DLR also offers other compact courses on site.

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Institute of Solar TEG Line Research and DLR A complete development chain for thermo-electric generators Solar Tower At the end of June 2011 the new “TEG Expansion of solar competencies Line” research facility was inaugurated at DLR Cologne. With the help of this In 2011 the impressive success of solar major investment the DLR Institute of research in recent years was supported Materials Research will in future be able by two important markers. The DLR In- to promote the further development of stitute of Solar Research was founded in thermo-electric materials and generators (TEG) under ideal conditions. Thermo- June. It is here that DLR is combining its TEG module many years of experience and leading electric materials can transform heat di- international competence in the field of rectly into electrical current. Part of the concentrated solar thermal power plants. waste energy that is lost to the environ- It is being jointly lead by Prof. Pitz-Paal ment in large amounts by computers, and Prof. Hoffschmidt and is being further cars and industrial processes can be strengthened by new colleagues who, used as electrical energy with the help like Prof. Hoffschmidt, have joined DLR of such TEGs. from the Solar Institute of the Aachen University of Applied Sciences. At the The TEG line offers the considerable ad- new institute around 100 employees are vantage of assembling under one roof working on methods and technologies the complete development chain from that create electricity, fuels and process powdery basic material to characteristic heat from concentrated sunlight. The and analysis methods to the creation of federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia the TEG module together with its testing is expected to provide the institute with and qualification. funds of approximately 27 million euros over the next five years. The SkutMat project, in which the near- industrial production of highly efficient At nearly the same time as the founding material known as skutterudite is being of the institute, DLR was able to assume developed, can also be classified under control of the solar tower power plant this heading. Even for other research in Jülich from Stadtwerke Jülich GmbH. projects such as the BMWi-Project High- This new facility will allow the scientists TEG, the TEGline represents an excellent to work much more intensively on the basis for R&D work. development and testing of new compo- nents, make solar power plants more ef- ficient and cost-effective, and research the creation process of solar fuels.

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Helmholtz Demo Storage Unit Institute Ulm for Water/Steam

Developing high-energy battery The world‘s only combination systems storage system

In January the Helmholtz Institute Ulm With the demonstration storage systems (HIU) began its work on battery research for the heat transfer medium of water/ in cooperation with DLR. steam developed at the DLR Institute of Technical Thermodynamics the first cycli- Efficient battery systems for the energy cal investigations were successfully con- supply and mobility of the future are to ducted. The combined storage system, Demonstration combination storage system be developed at the HIU, which is to grow which is unique worldwide, comprises comprising concrete solid matter storage to 80 scientists. The institute is supported a latent heat accumulator to generate system (left) and latent heat storage system (right) by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology steam and a concrete storage system for (KIT) and the University of Ulm in coop- superheating the steam. The latent heat eration with DLR and the Centre for Solar accumulator, which boasts a capacity of Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden- 700 kWh with 14 tonnes of salt, is a sig- Württemberg (ZSW). DLR is financing a nificant innovation. The phase change working group dedicated to the theoret- takes place at 305 °C. The storage system ical description of electro-chemical pro- is charged with steam at 400 °C and cesses in batteries. These activities are 107 bar whereby the steam condenses affiliated to the DLR Institute of Technical at approximately 315 °C and thus melts Thermodynamics in Stuttgart. The focal the phase change material in the latent points are the development of next gen- heat accumulator. To discharge, the sys- eration high-energy battery systems tem pressure is reduced so that the (lithium-sulphur and lithium-air batteries) water evaporates at approximately 10 K as well as scale-independent description under the melting temperature of salt of electro-chemistry and thermal man- and is finally superheated in the con- agement in lithium ion batteries. The crete storage system. So far, this creates modelling allows a detailed view into steam temperatures of 360 °C. The la- the fundamental processes as well as the tent heat accumulator successfully dem- optimisation of cells and components. onstrated the expected high maximum power of 700 kW. The aim is to succes- sively raise the outlet temperature to 460 °C and run it at different levels. The results are necessary for further indus- trial development of this technology, which is to become part of a storage system for a demonstration power plant for direct solar steam generation.

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Pilot Study 2010 Oxyfuel Combustion

Energy provision in Germany Technology for CO2 separation

In February the German Federal Ministry A new high-pressure test bench for in- for the Environment, Nature Conserva- vestigating oxyfuel combustion processes tion and Nuclear Safety (BMU) published has come into operation at the DLR Insti- the Leitstudie 2010 (Pilot Study 2010) tute of Combustion Technology. Climate

developed by the DLR Institute of Tech- unfriendly CO2 is to be separated from nical Thermodynamics in Stuttgart to- emissions in power plants using this tech- High-pressure test bench for oxyfuel gether with its partners, the Fraunhofer nology in order to keep it out of the at- combustion processes with optical Institute for Wind Energy and Energy mosphere through subsequent seques- access for laser measurements System Technology (IWES) and the Engi- tration. Instead of air, the fuel is burned

neering Bureau for New Energies (Inge- with a mixture of O2 and CO2, whereby nieurbüro für neue Energien – IfNE). The the CO2 is recirculated from the emissions. study describes a quantity structure for This way the emissions will contain, next

the expansion of renewable energies (RE) to CO2, only water vapour, which can be as well as Germany‘s overall energy supply separated through condensation. The and derives the structural and economic combustion properties of oxyfuel flames effects. For the first time a complete dy- will be investigated on the new test bench namic simulation of the electricity supply under conditions typical of gas turbines was conducted. The proportion of RE in and using optical and laser measuring primary energies rises by just under 55 techniques. Issues include the stability per cent in the scenarios up to 2050. Up of the flames, emissions of pollutants to 85 per cent of electricity will then be and the thermal load on the combustion generated from RE; in the heating sector chamber. The basis for the design of the proportion is approximately half of combustion chambers for oxyfuel gas demand. In traffic, too, the RE share (not turbines will be derived from this. Our including electricity) with 42 per cent of research partner in this project is the fuel demand is already notable. Calculated Norwegian research organisation SINTEF. on the basis of systems analysis, the ex- pansion of RE (electricity, heat and fuel) up to 2010 will, due to investment, ac- crue 71 billion euros in differential costs in comparison to the cost of fossil fuels. Assuming an increase in the price of fos- sil fuels, these will continue to rise to a maximum of approximately 200 billion euros by 2020. The positive economic effect of RE expansion will begin to show in approximately 2025. By around 2038 the differential costs accumulated by all RE since 2000 will be at zero and the “outlay” thus paid off. By 2050, supply- ing the economy with renewable ener- gies will have already saved approxi- mately 670 billion euros in comparison to a fossil fuel supply.

45 Research Report > Energy

that propagates in the mixing channel even against the primary flow direction and finally leads to the establishment of a stable flame. The processes observed in this experiment were successfully depicted in great detail in a numerical simulation. The DLR combustion code THETA was implemented as a platform Standardised temperature distribution of an for these calculations. air-fuel mixture containing hydrogen after self-ignition. The black lines show the limits The overarching goal of the work of IVTAS of the flame zones. is to improve and evaluate the forecast- ing ability of numerical processes for the simulation of transient combustion pro- cesses in low-emission gas turbine com- IVTAS bustion chambers.

Self-ignition simulation

As part of DLR‘s internal project IVTAS Outlook (Transient Combustion, Thermo-Acoustic Oscillations), a simulation calculation for The optimisation of gas and steam tur- self-ignition and flame propagation, which bines remains a central component of is unique worldwide, was conducted in DLR‘s energy research. With the experi- a fuel-air pre-mixing zone at the DLR mental and numerical work and high Institute of Combustion Technology. system competence, the efficiency of To this end a large eddy simulation (LES) electricity generation can increase fur- method was paired with a combustion ther and emissions can decrease – both model that directly illustrated the ongoing in large-scale power plants and decen- complex self-ignition and flame propa- tralised plants. The implementation of gation process with a detailed chemical alternative fuels is also being investi- mechanism. In the simulation calculation gated and prepared. Furthermore, in the a test case was calculated and was also long term a hybrid power plant with a investigated in an experiment: a stream gas turbine and a fuel cell system that of hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is injected promises great efficiency is to be real- into a hot transverse flow and self-ignition ised. occurs a long way downstream from the point of entry. This forms a central flame Research into fuel cell systems will serve to improve their reliability and longevity for future use in energy supply. It is closely linked to work in transport re- search and aeronautics. The same is true of the development of thermo-electric generators, which generate electricity from waste heat. With materials that can withstand temperatures of up to 500 °C, DLR has achieved a unique position.

Concentrating solar technologies present the option of generating electricity in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner on a large scale. DLR covers a broad technical spectrum in this field,

46 Erwartete Erträge für das Jahr 2011 Research Report > Energy Gesamtsumme 59 Mio. Euro Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro

13 Solarforschung from optimising the current parabolic Energy: Revenues in millions of euros trough technology to new designs for Management 30 2010 2011 2012 solar towers with innovative energy gen- 3 und Systemanalysen actual planned planned eration techniques. The Institute of Solar Research also works on application fields BasicVerbrennungs- funding 20 21 24 such as the generation of process heat, und Gasturbinentechnik 13 Energieverfahrenstechnik solar cooling, treatment of drinking water Third-party financing 33 38 38 and hydrogen generation. In 2011 wind Total revenues 53 59 62 energy was again accepted into the en- ergy research portfolio. The work focuses on the optimisation of the aerodynamic characteristics of wind power plants as Expected revenue for the year 2011 well as forecasting tools and simulations of wind park characteristics to increase Total 59 Million euros profits, and can hereby build on compre- Combustion and hensive competence from aeronautics. gas turbine technology

DLR is meeting the dramatically rising 30 demand for energy storage by expand- ing its research in the field of high-tem- perature heat accumulators, batteries and chemical storage systems. Like fuel cell systems, batteries demonstrate con- siderable synergy potential with trans- port research due to their versatile appli- cability. The goals of research in lithium 13 battery technology are to increase en- ergy density while simultaneously im- 13 Solar proving cyclical and long-term stability. 3 research Energy process Management Finally, cross-disciplinary systems analysis technology and systems analysis aids the provision of policy advisory ser- vices and underpins the thematic orien- All figures in million euros tation of energy research in DLR and HGF. They are in strong demand and fi- nanced by third-party funding, so there must be an expansion of basic funding in the coming years in order to increase the scope of action.

47 Security

The Defence and Security programme Earth observation and communica- of DLR plans and controls research tions. With the available satellites and development activities relating and the associated institutions, data to defence and security in coordina- gathering infrastructures and numer- tion with partners from government, ous research aircraft necessary for academia and industry. The cross- their operation, the various recording departmental area of Security and and analysing methods and special Defence links core competencies from simulation environments, DLR is in a the established DLR programmes: position to contribute to the protec- Aeronautics, Space, Energy and tion and monitoring of critical infra- Transportation. In the course of these structures for crisis and catastrophe projects more than 20 DLR institutes management, border security and and facilities contribute to develop- protection against terrorism and or- ing, testing and evaluating technolo- ganised crime. gies, systems and concepts and to the capabilities of security-relevant Furthermore, experience in the dual- applications to be assessed and ad- use field completes DLR‘s core com- vised. In so doing DLR has compre- petencies. hensive end-to-end system expertise in space and airborne platforms as DLR is networked into security and well as expertise in significant sys- defence research on a national, Euro- tem areas such as Earth sensors, pean and global level. It supports Germany‘s position in European and international competition with its re- search activities. The strategic impe- tus of DLR’s cross-departmental area of security and defence is delivered against a backdrop of future security and defence policy within Europe while, at an international level, it takes proper account of defined ca- pability profiles aimed at protecting its population and safeguarding peace. The following results are examples from the interdisciplinary area of Se- curity and Defence that were achieved in the previous year.

48 Research Report > Security

The automated detection of persons Security at greatly depends on the capability to dis- tinguish individuals from the background Mass Events and from areas of shadow. Based on a self-teaching approach, the software dis- Support from the air tinguishes between persons and other objects in the first step and categorises Mass events like the Oktoberfest, the Love them as individuals or as part of a group Parade, or demonstrations are often at- in the second. The total number of per- tended by people in hundreds of thou- sons in a group, and thus its density, is sands. If something unforeseen occurs, estimated on the basis of local variations the risk of uncontrolled panic is great. in brightness and colour. The first at- Such a mass reaction may be triggered tempts at events such as Rock am Ring by fires, detonations, or – as in the case demonstrated that the precision of the of the Duisburg Love Parade in 2010 – estimations of total numbers of persons simply by an extremely dense agglomer- was up to 90 per cent in the areas inves- ation of people. tigated.

Therefore, authorities and organisations responsible for security at mass events need to know approximately how many Helmholtz Research Aerial view of the premises of the “Rock people are assembled in any specific lo- am Ring” open air concert. Blue squares mark cation on the premises, the direction in detected individuals; red lines mark dense which they are moving, and the density School on Security crowds of people in front of the stage of each group. In most cases, however, only rough estimates of the total num- Technologies ber of visitors are available from the po- Training doctoral students in lice or the organisers. Frequently, such Defence and Security Research data differ widely, and they normally contain no information about local den- Civil defence and security research is a sity anomalies. While surveillance cam- cross-departmental area with extraordi- eras do show pictures of the situation nary breadth. It stretches from natural on the spot, they do not deliver quanti- and engineering sciences to the humani- tative information about the number ties to social sciences: Researchers from and density of persons in a large area. different subject areas work on a wide range of issues in this area. In view of As part of DLR’s transport research its central importance, in 2010 DLR and VABENE project (traffic management for the Technische Universität Berlin started major events and disasters), the DLR In- a joint graduate school providing struc- stitute of Remote Sensing Technology in tured training in civil security research Oberpfaffenhofen has developed a 3K for doctoral students: the Helmholtz Re- camera system capable of photograph- search School on Security Technologies. ing from an airplane an area measuring It is the world‘s first example of a struc- 3 x 5 km within one minute. Its high tured, interdisciplinary training programme spatial resolution (approx. 15 x 15 cm for doctoral students in civil defence and per pixel) permits head counts of individ- security research. The programme is uals as well as of dense groups of per- finan ced by the Helmholtz Association‘s sons. In addition, its temporal resolution Initiative and Networking Fund. of up to five images per second facili- tates analysing movement patterns. Data is evaluated on board and transmitted to a ground station without delay.

49 Research Report > Security

The graduate school is coordinated by security solutions. The intention is that The TAG route planning software meets DLR. It came about at the DLR Institute doctoral students are taught the many all these requirements. Its database, which of Planetary Research through the devel- different perspectives of civil security is updated by the users themselves, con- opment of terahertz technology for se- through targeted cooperation with pub- tains the addresses of places with a po- curity applications, which operated there lic institutions, end users and industry. tential theft risk. In addition to sites where as a spin-off from space research. Along- The aim of the graduate school is to cars have been stolen frequently before, side the DLR Institute of Planetary Re- sharpen the consciousness of the gradu- the database also contains locations where search DLR is involved in the college with ates as regards the social dimension of valuable cars are often parked. All sites its Institute of Robotics and Mechatron- civil defence and security research. are given a threat index which reflects ics (Department of Optical Information earlier police experience. Areas where Systems). the risk of theft is high are covered more frequently than others where it is lower. Up to 25 doctoral students from Ger- Optimising Moreover, some destinations are selec- many and abroad can undertake security ted from the database by a randomiser. research work at the Helmholtz Research Patrol Routes A cluster algorithm divides these into School on Security Technologies. The groups, and route-planning algorithms students work in an interdisciplinary DLR know-how against criminals amalgamate them into route itineraries. manner. Examples of research topics in- What the TAG really does is generate a clude holographic security codes, high- The Braunschweig-Wolfsburg region is large number of small, optimised patrol resolution cameras, optical navigation plagued by a growing number of car tours. This approach permits the police and applications of terahertz technology thefts. Most of these are committed by to prioritise other missions against pa- such as body scanners. Other doctoral organised criminals whose professional- trols. The events of the day and its work deals with social science issues in ism presents a great challenge to the po- emergency calls thus govern the timing civil security. As well as the three-year lice. Optimised patrolling is intended to of the patrols. specialist education, highly talented nat- prevent thefts by deterring the thieves. ural scientists receive training that pre- So far, the police have been planning Beyond optimising patrol itineraries, pares them for the job market and de- their rounds without support. This year, TAG’s uses are many and varied. If, for velops their personality. An integral part however, DLR and the Braunschweig po- example, users want a particular prop- of the teaching programme is overreach- lice have initiated a project to support erty surveyed in order to prevent bur- ing aspects of defence and security re- officers actively in planning their routes. glary, all they need to do is include the search such as security processes and For this purpose, the DLR Institute of relevant data in the database. Moreover, structures as well as the ethical, eco- Air Transport and Airport Research in the system may be used at airports where nomic and legal bases and effects of Braunschweig developed the TAG (Touren the premises and terminals are patrolled Auswahl Generator – route selection – a procedure that can be planned with generator) software. At present, the the aid of the TAG. software is being assessed internally by the police, after which it will be tested on patrol service.

TAG generates routes and itineraries that are optimised to match the needs of the police, the objective being to deploy staff and patrol cars as efficiently as pos- sible. Introducing random elements is particularly important in this context be- cause it keeps criminals from recognising patterns to which they can adapt. Fur- thermore, the current day‘s occurences must also be allowed for. Using TAG to generate efficient patrol routes

50 Research Report > Security

The analysis of the satellite data is con- Center for ducted on behalf of national and inter- national public agencies and aid organi- Satellite Based sations according to specific requirements. The ZKI is active within a German, Euro- Crisis Information pean and international context and is closely networked with various govern- Satellite data supports emergency ment partners on a national and federal services state level (crisis response centers, civil and environmental protection) and hu- In order to overcome natural catastro- manitarian aid organisations as well as phes and major accidents, emergency satellite operators and space agencies. services and decision-makers in situation It was in such a way that the ZKI coordi- rooms need to be quickly informed nated the contributions to the Interna- The rapid and large-scale mapping of the about the crisis area. Earth observation tional Charter Space and Major Disasters extent of the damage in the coastal area can provide valuable data to this end mentioned in the Space Flight section. affected by the tsunami in Japan in 2011 was based on satellite picture data from through current, comprehensive and TerraSAR-X and RapidEye full-coverage crisis information. Exam- A current example of the ZKI‘s imple- ples from recent months include the mentation within the framework of this mapping after the volcano eruption in agreement is the tsunami catastrophe in Chile in June 2011 and the extensive Japan. Recording and data processing of mapping and damage analysis after the current TerraSAR-X data regarding the devastating earthquake and tsunami in affected coastal area began immediately Japan in March 2011. after the devastating earthquake and the subsequent tsunami. DLR employees were In applied research projects funded deployed around the clock in order to through the DLR Space and Transport map the devastated areas of the coastal programmes, DLR develops algorithms region and provide an estimate of the to quickly and efficiently utilise satellite extent of the damage. The results were image data and geo-information to as- delivered directly to the aid organisa- sist in crisis management and the provi- tions and emergency services on site. sion of humanitarian aid. The continued development of this field In order to support the various phases through high-quality research and devel- of catastrophe management, the DLR opment is also one of DLR‘s focal points. Center for Satellite Based Crisis Informa- tion (ZKI) in Oberpfaffenhofen conducts research and development work so that it can contribute to early warning and risk assessment, support for acute crisis response and reconstruction. After a ca- tastrophe immediate measures are sup- ported with help of emergency mapping and accompanied by the planning and recording of the reconstruction. Current information on the extent of the catas- trophe and damage analysis play an im- portant role in this. Furthermore, the analysis of satellite data provides useful input parameters for compiling vulnera- bility and risk maps.

51 Project Management Agency

With its fourth call for proposals for the Project Management Fourth Aeronautics Research Programme, the federal government is continuing its Agency for Aero- high level commitment to civil aviation research, which has increased signifi- nautics Research cantly in recent years. With additional funds to be assigned upon the fourth Long-term funding of aeronautics call for proposals, LuFo IV has now research reached a total volume of over 800 mil- lion euros. The Project Management Agency for Aeronautics Research (PT-LF) supports Through this programme, the federal the Federal Ministry of Economics and government is providing a stable basis Technology (BMWi) in implementing for sustainable research in the aeronaut- the German Aeronautics Research Pro- ics sector and is enabling industry, as gramme (LuFo), as do the states of Ba- well as large-scale research facilities and varia, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Branden- higher education institutions, to advance burg and Rhineland-Palatinate, who their successful research work. With the complement the federal programme with rapid economic recovery of the entire their own development programmes and sector after overcoming the crisis of the projects. previous year, sufficient resources will again become available to the research partners to take up new lines of devel- opment. During the report period, eligi- ble projects have already been prese- lected for the next funding period from 2012 to 2015 in the course of an exter- nal evaluation procedure. These are scheduled to be confirmed before the end of 2011.

Like the federal government, the federal states were also able to stabilise their ef- forts in the area of aeronautics research. The federal state funding planned for the coming years has remained largely untouched by the effects of the crisis. The PT-LF manages the vast majority of regional aeronautics research activities in the federal states of Bavaria, Branden- burg, Hamburg, Lower Saxony and Rhineland-Palatinate.

The aeronautics research activities of the federal government and the federal states are integrated into the European Framework Programme for Research.

52 Research Report > Project Management Agency

In order to ensure coordinated activities Project Management Agency Aeronautics Research: at regional, national and European levels, Revenue and funding budget in millions of euros PT-LF has, on behalf of BMWi, assumed 2010 2011 2012 the role of national point of contact actual planned planned for the field of aeronautics research in the 7th EU Framework Programme for Revenue Research. Third-party financing 3 4 5

Due to the technological skills acquired Funding budget through the federal and state aeronautics Federal Ministry of Economics research programmes, German companies 104 140 145 and Technology and research institutions are highly sought- Ministry of Economics after partners in European research 10 19 16 consortia. Free State of Bavaria Ministry of Economics 2 2 2 It was therefore possible to maintain the Brandenburg high return flow of funds from the Euro- pean Framework Programme to Germany Ministry of Economics Hamburg 3 3 1 at over 20 per cent at the beginning of Ministry of Economics 7 16 18 the 7th Framework Programme for Re- Lower Saxony search.

A contributing factor was the ERANet “AirTN-Air Transport Net” EU project managed by the PT-LF as a coordinator, As Project Management Agency for where initial cross-border research asso- BMWi, the PT-LF has been able to con- ciations have meanwhile been formed in solidate its central role as a service pro- order to specifically combine expertise vider and source of knowledge in the from the various member states and make area of aeronautics research at EU, na- it mutually available in the respective tional and regional levels and is there- national programmes. Within AirTN, fore in a position to effectively support LuFo and its Austrian sister programme BMWi in its efforts to provide coordinated TAKEOFF occupy a pioneering role in the and efficient support for aeronautics re- cross-programme cooperation. Common search in Germany and to prevent dupli- research associations are now regularly cate funding. This special role is unique planned and started. As with the previ- among comparable institutions in the ous calls for proposals, the fourth call for European partner countries. proposals also plans transnational activi- ties within LuFo and TAKEOFF. This tried and tested cooperation between two established aeronautics research pro- grammes is a significant result of work within AirTN and could provide an exam- ple for further transnational cooperation in the field of aeronautics research.

53 The range of subjects represented by Project Management PT-DLR portfolio is extraordinarily broad and covers the majority of today’s most Agency in DLR important scientific and technological areas of interest. They include health re- The Project Management Agency in DLR, search, environmental research, sustaina- PT-DLR for short, has positioned itself as bility research, information technology, a specialist provider of services in the new media in the economy, research into areas of research and education funding the development of work and services, and Project Management. PT-DLR oper- as well as education research and gen- ates at both national and international der research. The Project Management levels. Its clients include the Federal Min- Agency also incorporates the national istry of Education and Research, the Fed- contact points for EU programmes and eral Ministry of Economics and Technol- the European research initiatives COST ogy, the Federal Ministry of Health, the and EUREKA, as well as the EU Bureau Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior of the Federal Ministry for Education Citizens, Women and Youth, the EU and Research (BMBF). The International Commission, state ministries and various office of BMBF at PT-DLR oversees inter- private entities. national cooperation in research and ed- ucation in all regions of the world. The At the end of 2010, PT-DLR employed public auditors of the Federal Ministry of approximately 750 people and managed Education and Research for projects co- to reach a level of approximately 950 financed by the ESF are also part of the million euros in research funding; this Project Management Agency. Due to its represents an increase of approximately many years of experience in the areas of 15 per cent compared to the previous research and education funding as well year (cf. table). In 2010, a total of ap- as Project Management, PT-DLR main- prox. 7,700 projects was sponsored. tains excellent contacts with research agencies and institutions, professional committees and proven experts in the Funding planning: Revenues in millions of euros national and international research com- 2010 2011 2012 munity. actual planned planned In 2010, PT-DLR was again able to further Third-party financing 71 80 82 strengthen its position as Germany’s of which are Project Management tasks 33 45 46 largest Project Management Agency for research, development, education and of which are special projects 38 35 36 innovation and was able to expand suc- cessfully. The Project Management Funding budget 948 1,025 1,030 Agency in DLR provides technical and specialist expertise in order to support

54 Research Report > Project Management Agency

their respective clients in making Germany Allocation of budget resources 2010 fit for innovation. They do the same at Number of in thousands international and EU levels, as both the internationalisation strategy of the Fed- projects of euros eral Ministry of Education and Research Health Research 2,046 264,100 and the significance of the European di- Information Technology 1,684 213,000 mension for Germany have substantially gained in importance in the last year. Environment, Culture, Sustainability 1,260 126,800 Development of Work and Services* 709 46,800 The support that PT-DLR has provided and Education and Education Research 615 70,900 will continue to provide for the High-Tech Strategy of the federal government and New Media in the Economy 426 97,000 the various comprehensive programmes Gender and Equality 389 25,100 in education goes almost without men- tioning. That this often involves breaking Humanities and Social Sciences 229 38,400 new ground has presented significant Integration* 217 22,900 challenges to PT-DLR, as has the ”mar- Eurostars 89 6,170 keting” of educational offerings and re- search results in all fields of research. It Innovation-Orientated Research 37 9,200 should also be emphasised that, follow- Years of Science Bureau 27 7,900 ing its successful organisation of the International Bureau 10 20,100 “Year of Science 2010 – The Future of Energy”, PT-DLR has received a further Total 7,738 948,370 follow-on request from BMBF and is organising the “Year of Science 2011 – * Co-financed with funding from ESF (European Social Fund) Research for our Health”.

A detailed description of PT-DLR pro- grammes and our work can be found in our annual report for 2010, available from www.pt-dlr.de.

55 56 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

57 Future Development of DLR

At the end of 2010 appropriate action Once results-oriented criteria had been fields, or key points, were identified defined the Executive Board agreed on based on DLR‘s general focus. The fol- measures for achieving these aims. A lowing specific strategic goals were project was launched to implement each derived from this: of these strategic goals. - To strengthen scientific excellence For DLR, employee knowledge is a key - To enhance horizontal communication component, be it generating new know- between sites ledge, documenting existing knowledge or sharing it with others. “Knowledge for - To contribute DLR‘s specialist skills to Tomorrow” – this is the goal DLR aspires the world of universities and raise DLR‘s to reach. profile among students - To introduce consistent principles for For this reason, two further strategic central processes goals were added to the list above in the spring of 2011: - To provide operational support and appropriate infrastructure - To establish an overall internal know- ledge management system - To position DLR as a source of technology in business - To introduce a consistent form of Pro- ject Management - To optimise cycles by reducing practical difficulties and increasing responsive- Projects to achieve these strategic goals ness within DLR and to external events are already up and running. - To step up cross-institutional/pro- One development at DLR is the con- gramme activities and combine external stantly improving mapping of organisa- and tional processes. DLR strives to achieve a interdisciplinary approaches balance between adopting an organisa- - To take a proactive, shaping role in tional structure based on hierarchies and European and international networks an operational structure where processes are managed by designated individuals. The aim is to increase speed and to mini- mise friction by optimising existing pro- cesses. This is having a direct impact as reflected in the ongoing optimisation of management processes. Following an- other successful audit of processes within DLR‘s administrative system, it was de- cided to subject management processes to a process of optimisation as well.

58 Results Economic Development > Results

Third-party Funding Third-party funding 2008 2009 2010 Total third-party revenue € 308 m € 381 m € 401 m Over the 2010 financial year a further in- crease in third-party funding of 19.9 mil- Revenue growth in comparison to 11% 12% -6% lion euros was seen compared to 2009. previous year, commercial revenue With a result of 401 million euros, third- from domestic R&D activity party revenues now constitute 54 per cent of DLR‘s total budget. In addition to Proportion of revenue from 51% 49% 54% a renewed rise in third-party business, third-party sources this can be attributed to the fact that Proportion of revenue from 21% 25% 24% institutional funding has been reduced foreign clients (volume of revenue) as a result of special financing by BMWi being cut back. Success rate of EU proposals over the 46% 37% 36% last three years (accepted/submitted) The increase in third-party funding men- Revenue from EU funding € 19.7 m € 21.7 m € 22.6 m tioned above is primarily based on the positive development in direct federal and Ratio of EU projects as 14% 22% 22% state project funding. Projects to expand coordinator vs. all projects sites that are in many cases funded by individual federal states are contributing to this positive trend, as is a rise in pro- ject funding at federal level. In the year under review an increase of 58.1 million DLR‘s involvement in international re- euros in federal project funding was search based on revenue from suprana- achieved. The federal economic stimulus tional organisations, particularly the EU package in particular contributed to the and ESA, remains at the same high level. positive overall result in the area of pro- Revenue from contracts and co-opera- ject funding. tion with ESA is unchanged on the prior year. German Research Foundation (DFG) pro- jects with domestic research institutions At 36 per cent, the success rate for EU and universities remain largely unchanged applications is just one per cent down on the previous year. on the figure from 2009 and therefore broadly the same as in the previous year. When it comes to federal and state con- This figure of 36 per cent represents an tracts in 2010, the volume of revenue average over a period of three years. It was largely the same as in 2009. Reve- shows that although less funding was nue from cooperation with domestic approved in terms of quantity, the success commercial enterprises declined from rate remained constant. Revenue from 87.8 to 82.7 million euros. The EADS EU projects was up by approximately Group is the biggest client. Other key one million euros to 22.6 million euros. clients include Siemens, OHB, Kayser- This indicates that the funding for indi- Threde GmbH, Rolls-Royce, Lufthansa vidual projects must have risen in recent and Deutsche Flugsicherung. years. The number of EU projects with DLR acting as coordinator is unchanged By comparison, the proportion of revenue on the prior year at 22 per cent. from foreign clients (volume of revenue) was broadly maintained at the same level as the previous year with orders from foreign, state-owned enterprises rising.

59 Economic Development > Results

Research-related results 2008 2009 2010 Technology Publications in peer-reviewed journals 442 577 654 Marketing

Peer-reviewed publications in 593 460 563 DLR recognised the importance of inno- proceedings, books etc. vation to society and business at an early Presentations for scientific conferences, 0.55 0.55 0.51 stage and has therefore linked processes workshops and lectures*) associated with research and innovation, regarding its commitment to the innova- Appointments to universities 12 13 14 tion sector as both an obligation and an opportunity. As per its general focus, Lectureships 248 244 296 DLR sees itself as driving and shaping Diploma theses 384 396 487 innovation and as a sought-after social, scientific and business partner. DLR is a PhD theses 94 105 85 strong voice and promoter of innovative approaches and ideas. Postdoctoral qualifications 2 4 1 In this context, Technology Marketing * per scientific associate engaged by the institutes and facilities serves as a bridge between the pillars of invention and innovations. Technology Marketing at DLR implements this ap- proach from the initial idea through Research-related to bringing a product to market – from analysing market requirements through Results to marketing DLR‘s expertise as part of joint product developments with relevant The quality of science is one of the most industry partners. As more and more important criteria for DLR as a research DLR technologies are deployed in new center. Alongside the third-party funding methods, products and services, this procured, significant indicators of this raises DLR‘s profile in business as well as are the scientific results that are made its already strong position in the science public in publications, presentations and sector. The facility is also concerned with courses. Their volume varies from year supporting business when it comes to to year, attributable mainly to project defining objectives and requirements of work, staffing fluctuations and activities innovative development services. relating to proposals. With regard to technology transfer and The appearance of a total of 1,217 re- creating added value for both DLR and ferred publications in the year under re- industry partners, a core task for Tech- view means that there was a significant nology Marketing is marketing DLR com- rise on the previous year, with another petencies in areas which are largely out- pleasing increase being experienced in side DLR‘s four main R&D focuses (cross the number of journal articles. The trend transfer). This is complemented by Tech- that has persisted over many years of an nology Marketing‘s support functions in increasing number of completed Diplom the key areas of research when technol- papers continues unabated. The number ogy is transferred directly to the corre- of PhD theses was however down some- sponding industry (transfer). what. In recent years, DLR Technology Market- ing has optimised structures, developed new and now proven and recognised market positioning methods, and estab-

60 Economic Development > Results

lished and extended new forms of coop- example, it is heading up a joint project for industrial use in compressor design. eration with business. An ideas manage- entitled “Enabling Innovation” on behalf The outcome will be a detailed construc- ment system has been implemented of a DLR project management agency tion manual for applying the endwall pro- across the board at DLR. Thanks to the to develop a kit of methods that will filing to the hub (rotor and stator) and DLR portal for new ideas, the number allow institutes and research institutions housing (stator) of axial-flow compres- of new product/service/process ideas to self-evaluate their ability to innovate. sors. These instructions will include the more than doubled in 2010. Over 40 Technology Marketing also coordinates related formulas of profile length, pro- ideas were submitted by DLR employees the Central Innovation Programme for file depth, length of disruptor, depth of for implementation as part of innovation Small and Medium-sized Enterprises disruptor and relative position in rela- projects. (ZIM) Innofaktur.net project for the Fed- tion to front edge, as well as the dis- eration of Reinforced Plastics (AVK). To tance of the profile from the blade suc- Technology Marketing initiated a project date, seven mid-sized companies who tion side and the position of the profile to prepare for implementation of the wish to boost the transfer of research flank in relation to the cascade division. DLR innovation campaign as an integral findings to their future products have This enables customers from the aero- part of DLR‘s new overall strategy and come together as part of this project nautics and process compressor sectors implemented it in conjunction with the under the direction of Technology Mar- to incorporate profiling into compressors facilities involved. The aim of this project keting. effectively under the given aerodynamic was to design a framework architecture conditions. for innovation with input from different Examples of successful Technology management levels at DLR covering the Marketing The aim of the wildlife rescue “flying policy, goals, strategy, portfolio, culture platform” project is to mount a commer- and climate, and responsibilities sur- The aim of the “Kunstvogel” project is cial, high-resolution thermal imaging rounding innovation. One of the key to achieve a realistic systemisation of camera onto an octocopter as a central project tasks was developing objectives, artificial substitute birds which can be detection system in order to fly over strategies and activities to communicate deployed in practical tests. These substi- grassland which is to be cut and detect DLR‘s innovation policy and successes tute birds are to have similar physical fawns. There are already octocopters on both internally and externally, along with properties to real birds and are intended the market that are GPS-controlled and DLR‘s role as a technology provider and for use in reproducible field tests by the driver of innovation. European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) The project was approved by the Execu- or rail authorities. Contact with EASA tive Board in mid-2010 and commenced and FAA as regulatory authorities, the in October 2010. The framework archi- International Birdstrike Research Group tecture on innovation was designed to (IBRG), other testing institutions and air- interconnect various internal DLR activi- craft, turbine and railway rolling stock ties around innovation and was noted manufacturers is in place, allowing coop- with approval by the Executive Board in eration to make artificial birds relevant May 2011. DLR Technology Marketing and acceptable. was also tasked with communicating the system throughout DLR using a bro- The main objective of the project on chure, among other methods, and its highly efficient endwall adjustments for implementation. axial-flow compressors co-financed by the Aeronautics programme directorate Due to its experience, methodological is to provide new design rules on end- competence and leading role in the wall profiling as a marketable product Helmholtz Association (HGF), Technol- ogy Marketing is increasingly finding it- self in demand from external bodies. For

61 Economic Development > Results

have camera-mounts that are fully auto- attained in the history of DLR. With 265 mated and can swivel. Using the method registrations in 2010, around 18 per cent described here it is possible to achieve a more invention disclosures were submit- search width in excess of 20 m depend- ted than in the previous year. ing on the flight altitude and camera‘s optical system. Because the field only The illustration shows that the number needs to be entered if a fawn is found, of domestic proprietary rights has been the grassland suffers less damage. In continually increasing over the years and comparison with previous inspections, now amounts to approximately 1,650 the new system has benefits with regard proprietary rights (patents, utility models to being much higher from the ground and their registrations). and separating the search process from the mowing itself. The project will be carried Each year the German Patent and Trade- out in conjunction with I.S.A. GmbH as mark Office publishes a list of the 50 industry partner who make a contribution most active patent applicants in Ger- and will obtain a licence if the project many, and in 2010 DLR held 21st place proves successful. I.S.A. GmbH is one (previous year: 28th). The most active of the 50 most innovative companies in patent applicants are Bosch in first place Bavaria. (with 3,477 patent registrations) and Daimler in second (with 1,917 patent Proprietary rights registrations). Airbus comes 25th with 216 patent registrations and MTU Aero The field of proprietary rights and li- Engines 47th with 99 registrations. The censes covers building and maintaining only other research body to appear on the DLR proprietary rights portfolio and this list is the Fraunhofer Society in Mu- looking after all commercial marketing nich (in position 15). If however you look agreements, including the granting of at these figures in terms of the number licenses. The inventory of proprietary of people employed by the above, a rights held by DLR now numbers around completely different story emerges: seen 3,100 (domestic and foreign patent reg- this way, DLR (with around 6,900 em- istrations and patents including EP and ployees) registered one patent per 28 PCT registrations), the highest level ever employees in 2010, while Fraunhofer (with some 18,000 employees) registered only one per 48 employees. This ratio Proprietary rights of DLR in Germany and abroad must surely count as evidence that DLR has the capability to significantly further 1,600 the state of technology in its research 1,400 areas.

1,200 Licenses 1,000 The granting of licenses in 2010 resulted 800 in a turnover of around 4.2 million euros, 600 putting income from licensing up ap- 400 proximately 300,000 euros on the level of the previous year. 200

0 Company start-ups 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Domestic total Foreign total DLR supports spin-off companies origi- nating from DLR institutes and facilities. Technology Marketing prepares employees keen to establish a start-up for indepen-

62 Economic Development > Results

dence by providing appropriate advice satellite technology to terrestrial applica- on technology selection, development tions, meaning that data in the field of and helping them to design their busi- security and traffic management can be ness plan. With these young companies, transferred at unsurpassed quality, free DLR secures access to markets for its from interference and tapping. To im- technology which it has not yet tapped prove the operational reliability of wind into with its research findings. These turbines, sensor and measuring systems companies are set up with licenses to use are being transferred from aeronautical the technology and create applications in systems engineering to guarantee that the form of profitable new products or wind turbines are efficient and available. services which, in addition to the licensing Experience of downtime on such wind income expected in the long-term, may turbines on land makes the deployment also in the short term produce third- of such systems advisable, especially in party income for the respective institutes the case of offshore facilities which are through R&D commissions. hard to access. With decentrally supplied electricity grids on the increase, this cre- Targeted agreement of projects with the ates further opportunities for deploying institutes boosts the maturity of a tech- proven technology from aeronautics. nology and validates its use. For exam- ple, the documentation of R&D findings The development of companies founded required to fulfil industry standards when in recent years has been monitored, indi- gaining approval for a medical technology cating that providing management sup- device makes a technology transfer from port to new companies at an early stage aerospace to medical applications at first proves invaluable over time. Consultants possible. with experience of specific industries and business models work with the start-up Setting up a company also represents an team to develop the company in ques- attractive career option for the employees tion into a competitive market player. involved. Both the entrepreneurial activity This involvement often leads to lasting and collaboration with a new company business angel relationships, which in represents a forward-looking basis for turn considerably improve company career development, particularly from the competitiveness. viewpoint of staff on a fixed-term em- ployment contract. Because the founders identify closely with the DLR technology, this boosts long-term skills retention for DLR at companies which are valuable co- operation partners.

Technology Marketing supports also DLR institutes and facilities in the preparation of proposals and the structuring of con- tracts with these companies covering collaborative work and licensing issues. This allows research findings to be used more efficiently and translated more quickly into added value. In the 2010 business year two further companies were established that draw on DLR tech- nologies. One example is transferring optical communications procedures from

63 Structure and Organisation

Others competing for this year‘s prize in- The survey carried out in August 2011 Development of cluded leading companies such as BMW, focused on strategy development, pro- Bosch, Daimler, REWE and Ricoh, the lat- cesses, human resources development, the Research Center ter coming first overall. plus communications and cooperation with customers, partners and suppliers. Administrative infrastructure This positive external evaluation as part The results of the survey form the basis of an ongoing process of improvement of the strengths and potential for im- In spring 2010 it was announced that, as confirms the AI strategy of striving for provement that feed into the external part of a special initiative on the part of business excellence based on the EFQM assessment report. the Ludwig Erhard award, Administrative model (European Foundation for Quality Infrastructure (AI) would compete with Management), a path that the facility DLR Facility Management (FM) is aiming other organisations for the prize in an will continue to pursue in future. to achieve ISO 9001 and 14001 certifica- external evaluation. The Ludwig Erhard tion in quality management in 2013. award is backed by the umbrella organi- Optimally positioned support processes Therefore, starting in November 2010, sations in German business, the Ludwig in AI support core processes in research processes supporting the provision of Erhard Foundation, the German Society and help to improve the general condi- FM services are being harmonised across for Quality (DGQ) and the Association of tions under which scientists operate. In DLR and all sites. Restructuring pro- German Engineers (VDI). Companies and addition to providing services of an ap- cesses improves service quality and the organisations with a high level of organi- propriate quality, it is the aim of AI to ability to respond to customer require- sational maturity are able to take part in optimise costs in such a way that the ments, as well as increasing operational the competition. The award is presented highest possible amount of funding productivity, all of which helps to secure on an annual basis to companies that from grant-awarding agencies is availa- jobs long-term. can demonstrate proven sustainable ex- ble for science. The success of this sys- cellence and competitiveness. The com- tematic focus on process optimisation is When it comes to planning and construc- petition comes under the auspices of the clear from the fact that AI costs and pro- ting buildings and the technical systems Federal Ministry of Economics and Tech- cesses account for just 3.8 per cent of required for scientific and experimental nology. DLR funding. research, output and the associated out- flow of funds has risen sharply in recent As well as preparing a detailed prospec- years and in 2011 will again exceed the tus to apply, entry involves a visit from a Technical Services previous year‘s level. Building manage- team of assessors. The seven assessors ment continues to be as busy as ever. conducted in-depth interviews with a With Technical Services having conducted Among other factors, this can be attrib- number of employees and managers in an EFQM self-evaluation for the first time uted to twelve construction measures AI on-site over a period of six days. in 2009, the STEP project which strives that are receiving federal and state fund- for excellence in administrative and tech- ing as part of the second economic stim- This assessment proved so convincing nical infrastructure (ATI) processes was ulus package and which are scheduled that the assessors awarded AI third initiated in 2011. The aim here is to ana- for completion by the end of 2011. Con- place in the mid-sized company segment. lyse the current state of excellence struction measures completed in 2011 DLR is the first public entity to receive within Technical Services in order to lay include a new workshop building and a this accolade. the foundation for a joint ATI manage- laboratory building at the sites in Stutt- ment system based on the EFQM model. gart and Bremen, the extension and re- The STEP project includes taking part in furbishment of the cafeteria in Bonn, an external assessment of DLR Technical completion of the first phase of the can- Services. The team of assessors is made teen in Cologne Porz and modifications up of both internal DLR assessors and to the wind tunnel in Braunschweig. external assessors who interview manag- ers and Technical Services staff on-site. Work also commenced on some major new construction measures. As part of the competitive tendering procedure, qualified architects‘ offices and engi- neering companies were tasked with handling the following projects: the DLR Robotics and Mechatronics Center (RMC)

64 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

in Oberpfaffenhofen, space for the Insti- heterogeneous customer structure, a Special attention is being devoted to tutes of Technical Thermodynamics and process organisation with clearly defined the flight properties of the second DLR Technical Physics in Stuttgart and media roles and functions maintains flexibility sounding rocket (SHEFEX II). The engi- supply in Cologne. All the chosen plan- while standardising processes, interfaces neering task for the Technology Systems ners meet DLR‘s requirements with re- and guiding principles. In some cases, House is to advise on design and to opti- gard to quality, flexibility, efficiency and the one-off items developed for DLR re- mise mass and flux when developing sustainability to the fullest extent, with search divisions are exposed to extreme the structure of the rocket module. The sustainability issues becoming increas- environmental conditions during studies Technology Systems House provides sup- ingly important on construction projects. and simulations. To fulfil such require- port for environmental testing (load, ac- Sustainable building is about optimising ments, SHT utilises advanced construction, celeration and frequency tests) and a a building throughout its entire life cycle simulation and production methods. very high level of quality assurance in in terms of its consumption of energy Working closely with manufacturers es- addition to static and dynamic FEM cal- and resources, environmental impact tablishes a crucial edge in technological culations. Another addition is the crea- and overall economy – without overlook- expertise in scientific equipment building. tion of layouts from the draft stage to ing socio-cultural quality. One new Setting up the DLR Rapid Prototyping final plate by means of laser scribing. building is now being retrospectively as- Center SHT has resulted in new ways of Laser processing overcomes structural sessed to see if it complies with criteria producing prototype components fast delamination and vaporisation and ena- laid down by the German Sustainable based on digital design data. Development bles, for example, the processing of Building Council (DGNB). The adminis- is focused on material development and copper-plated printed circuit boards and trative building being planned and con- research. One example is a research pro- aluminium-coated films. This method en- structed in Cologne is also oriented ject on titanium aluminide – with the help joys greater reproducibility than current, around sustainable objectives. In this of lasercusing technology – this proven solely chemical techniques. case, certification according to evalua- new material can replace nickel alloys in tion criteria on the sustainable construc- gas turbines, for example, thanks to its tion of federal buildings is being sought low density and high strength properties. in close cooperation with the regional Other key areas of research are hybrid tax office in Münster, the Federal Minis- material combinations and material de- try of Transport, Building and Urban De- sign for testing complex geometries. The velopment and the affiliated Federal In- Phoenix project sees wind tunnel models stitute for Research on Building, Urban being produced for reusable European Affairs and Spatial Development. In addi- space transport systems with the help of tion the initiative on collaboration with lasercusing technology. The benefits of DLR institutes focusing on energy re- this method in the application of titanium search was continued. An analysis was as a material include the short time re- performed to identify areas in which quired to produce complex prototypes there is scope for greater networking, (for example, featuring extremely low with the use of parabolic troughs in the wall thicknesses < 1 mm), which could air conditioning of buildings from the not be made using conventional meth- DLR Institute of Solar Research and heat ods, as well as a reduction in costs. accumulators from the DLR Institute of Technical Physics emerging as potential candidates.

Products created by the DLR Technology Systems House (SHT) include systems, system components and experimental equipment to explore and validate scien- tific questions which are designed to support the research activities of DLR in- stitutes and facilities. Despite the highly

65 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Science competitions within DLR It is on the agenda for autumn 2011 to invite proposals for a new Visionary On an annual basis in planning, pro- Projects competition. gramme coordination considers the way new ideas and developments are taken While the Visionary Projects competition up in research. Alongside this routine addresses future development and the process, two different competitions are ideas of individual employees, the DLR held within DLR on a regular basis to Center of Excellence (DLR CoE) competi- ensure the organisation remains at the tion recognises performance over the forefront of research and development. past three years by a group or institute. For example, employees can submit me- The title of DLR CoE comes with a re- dium to long-term ideas to an internal search budget of 500,000 euros over jury as part of the Visionary Projects three years. The winner is able to dem- competition, thus showcasing their crea- onstrate technical excellence along with tive potential. Young researchers in par- a highly relevant programme and lever- ticular are encouraged to present their ages internal synergies effectively. Last Winners of the Visionary Projects competition at the final presentation innovative and inventive ideas for the year‘s award went to working groups with the Executive Board future with a time horizon of 10 to 15 from the DLR Institutes of Technical years. First and second place are chosen Thermodynamics and Combustion Tech- via an internal selection process, with a nology for work on alternative fuels. The research budget of up to 300,000 euros scientists involved performed particularly being allocated to research on these well on performance indicators such as topics per year for two years. In the their publication rate, patents, third- spring and following the implementation party revenue and doctorates. In terms phase, the winners of the past call for of the relevance of the programme, out- proposals presented their results to the standing scores on researcher exchanges, Executive Board and a small audience conferences and consultancy work en- of interested young researchers. This sured that the necessary requirements launched ongoing debate and poten- were met. At the end of three years, a tially laid the foundations for further previous DLR CoE concerned with ro- work. bust, reliable communication at the DLR Institute of Communications and Naviga- tion was awarded the right to bear the title for a further three years. An interim evaluation based on the selection criteria showed that performance indicators had again improved.

Both competitions are extremely popular and are certain to be continued over the coming years.

66 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Quality Manage- Quality management 2008 2009 2010 Existing certifications and accredi- 25 28 30 ment, Standardisa- tations tion and Environ- Number of DLR auditors 15 10 11 mental Protection Implementation of audits 32% 38% 49%

Quality management (environmental management). In June Administration department at DLR, also Quality management – organising work 2011 DLR Space Operations and Astro- in December, once again confirmed the processes systematically – is a given in naut Training successfully added infor- management system‘s fitness. As ex- industry but remains something of a rar- mation security management in accord- pected, Administrative Infrastructure ity within a research institution. ance with ISO 27001 to their integrated passed the first supervisory audit follow- management system. This accounts for ing its participation in the Ludwig Erhard As a Space Agency, research institution the figure of 30 for 2010 in the table award. The supervisory evaluation of the and Project Management Agency, DLR above. ISO IEC 17025 accredited software test- is the first and so far only institution to ing laboratory within the Simulation and have pursued an overall concept for some Where work processes call for it, inter- Software Technology facility was com- years now whereby the Quality Board establishment management systems are pleted successfully. In January 2011 the within the Executive Board provides a introduced. For example, the Center for system at the DLR Institute of Flight framework under which institutes and Combustion Technology is process-led in Guidance was assessed with success. facilities organise their own subsystems accordance with ISO 9001 via an inter- The transport programme was recertified in line with specific tasks and require- establishment system involving the Insti- in late February and initial certification ments. The minimum standard for the tute of Propulsion Technology and the of the energy programme was com- baseline system and subsystems is the management of the Cologne site. The pleted in April. There was confirmation international ISO 9001 quality standard system for Administrative Infrastructure of the systems associated with internal for management systems. The baseline is an inter-establishment system covering auditing and managing holdings, Tech- system was first certified back in 2003. finance and human resources. The qual- nology Marketing and Quality and Prod- External auditors monitor the effective- ity management system deployed by the uct Assurance. In early March a supervi- ness and development of processes an- DLR Earth Observation Center (EOC) is sory audit of space operations was nually. All subsystems across the board a cross-facility system for the Remote completed in accordance with ISO 9001 should qualify for certification by the Sensing Technology Institute within DLR and OSHAS 18001, and in June initial end of 2013. The number of subsystems and the German Remote Sensing Data ISO 27001 certification was also success- is currently 53. Center. ful. The DLR Institute of Flight Systems and the DLR Institute of Communications By the end of the reporting period, 22 Accredited laboratories are operated and Navigation were also certified suc- institutes and facilities had quality man- at the Simulation and Software Technol- cessfully for the first time. agement systems. A further 17 institutes ogy facility and at the DLR Institute of and facilities are in preparation. Growth Space Systems. of 10 per cent on the prior period has been achieved with a 74 per cent de- In the process of re-certifying EOC, ployment rate (systems introduced and ground control in the Antarctic was in- in preparation). cluded in the scope of validity. The ISO 13485 re-certification audit for the DLR Going beyond the minimum standard, Institute of Aerospace Medicine in De- several subsystems have attained sector- cember was successful, as was ISO 9001 specific certification such as VDA 6.2 monitoring. Re-certification of the Space (automotive) and ISO 13485 (medical de- vices), or have integrated other system standards such as OSHAS 18001 (occu- pational health and safety) or ISO 14001

67 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Thus the quality management system foundation that will enable staff to learn Standardisation ultimately serves to assure the quality from one another on an ongoing basis. of all DLR services and results. It creates Every new auditor is a new source of in- Competent standardisation work as a common platforms for working with DLR‘s spiration and creativity, aiding the devel- strategic Management Tool has achieved clients and partners, promotes collabora- opment of each individual subsystem. competitive advantages. In Germany tion, especially at the interfaces between alone, the economic advantages due to institutes and facilities, and improves The permanent working group of quality standardisation are determined as being communication. For employees, it pro- representatives now includes quality rep- around 16 billion euros per year. vides a transparent and reliable basis for resentatives from 95 per cent of insti- working that also increases opportuni- tutes and facilities, actively contributing Standardisation fosters global trade and ties to learn from each other. to development. This is where the design international cooperation through ra- of the overall system and how frame- tionalisation, quality assurance, environ- DLR is a member of the European Foun- works and the individual subsystems mental protection and safety. They con- dation for Quality Management (EFQM). interact are prepared ready for decision- tribute to deregulation by exonerating The EFQM assessor training offered as making by the Quality Board, utilising the state from technically detailed regu- part of the DLR internal training pro- the principle of countervailing influence. lation. Standards play a major role in de- gramme proved popular with employees The permanent working platform of ciding the opportunities for bringing over the past year. This year DLR again quality representatives also provides a new developments to market and their participated with an assessor in selecting platform for sharing experiences, learn- positioning against European and inter- the winners of the 2010 Ludwig Erhard ing from each other and promoting ac- national competition. They guide the award. ceptance throughout DLR. During the transfer of knowledge and promote in- reporting period, measures were initiated novative potential and technology con- At DLR‘s New Year‘s reception in Berlin, to boost the working group‘s effective- vergence. the eighth DLR Quality Prize was awarded ness for mutual benefit and to involve to the quality representative of the DLR institutes and facilities more closely in DLR actively cooperates with the leading Institute of Flight Guidance, the EFQM the design process. standards organisations on a national, representative from Administrative Infra- European and international level, includ- structure and to the head of Technology The DLR process model approved in Jan- ing DIN, CEN/CENELEC and ISO. Together Marketing, who is also site manager for uary 2010 is a prerequisite for a shared with other European space agencies and Cologne and Bonn. understanding of processes across insti- partners to the European aerospace in- tutes and facilities. Subsystems are linked dustries, DLR is compiling consistent In 2010 93 per cent of the audit plan into the DLR process model via manage- standards for space flight projects within was completed. Virtually all the planned ment and support processes. Mandatory the European and international associa- audits within DLR were carried out. There core processes across DLR are designed tions of ECSS, CCSDS, ESCC, EAQG, IAQG are 11 DLR auditors in total. Bringing on into the subsystems of institutes and and ISO. More than 600 standards and 40 trainee DLR auditors is a challenging facilities. In a similar way to central sup- over 1,000 specifications have already task but an urgent necessity. This lays a port processes, it is on the agenda to been developed and replace multiple na- organise management processes system- tional regulations. atically and mandatorily in a quality management system for the Executive The Federal Ministry of Economics and Board. Technology launched the Innovation with Norms and Standards project in 2006 and the “Transfer of research and development results by normalisation and standardisation” project initiative, which focuses on research, in 2009. Back in 2007 and working with EADS Space Transportation and the Aerospace Standards Committee within this initia- tive, DLR successfully completed a tech- nology maturity evaluation standardisa- tion project, transferring it to a draft ISO standard in 2011. Standardisation of

68 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

research results within DLR is carried whose functioning is key to the perfor- Environmental protection and safety out alongside research and development mance capability and reliability of space work at the various institutes and facili- flight equipment or systems are manu- As a sustainably managed organisation, ties. It is coordinated and supported by factured in the USA and subject to US DLR not only researches with the inter- the Standardisation department. export restrictions. This leads to a signifi- ests of environmental protection and cant constraint on the availability of EEE public safety in mind, it also protects the For the 2010 project year DLR received components in national space flight pro- environment and employees as part of the go-ahead for funding for six stand- jects. its activities. Commercial success, spare ardisation projects: use of resources, preventing climate In a procedure harmonised at European change and protecting employee health - Expansion of up/downlink data struc- level, DLR, within European Space Com- are goals of equal importance to DLR. tures in space flight for safety-related ponents Coordination (ESCC), is compil- information ing joint standards and specifications for The integrated management system for - Lightweight construction for railway the qualification, procurement and use quality, environmental/occupational rolling stock of EEE components in space flight. The health and safety used by Technical Ser- department for EEE component qualifica- vices at DLR provides a foundation for - Qualification of optical components for tion defines and implements the national ongoing improvements in process qual- concentrating solar power technologies technology development and qualifica- ity, employee and customer satisfaction - Optical communications technology for tion programme for EEE components on and safety, as well as optimising environ- data downlinks from low-flying earth behalf of the DLR Space Administration mental protection activities. It is based survey satellites department. Components are developed on ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 require- and qualified together with national ments. Safety-related aspects at DLR are - Digital speech communication / voice component manufacturers. Thus, in col- being incorporated in accordance with data structures – expansion of digital laboration with European partners, it OHSAS 18001 (occupational health and speech communications for ground sta- has been possible in recent years to re- safety management system). The inte- tions in manned and unmanned space duce dependency on US exports from grated management system is used to flight 70 per cent to 50 per cent. In order to manage processes in order to implement - Identification of future needs for stand- increase the availability of EEE compo- organisational policy, achieve objectives ardisation and research for the pan- nents, DLR collaborates with China, Rus- European S-Band MSS system sia and Japan. Qualification by a national assembly and test house allows suitable Eight proposals for standardisation pro- commercial components to be used. Ap- jects were submitted from the DLR Aer- propriate studies also determine the suit- onautics, Space, Transport and Energy ability of new component technologies departments for the 2011 project year. for space flight.

Qualification of EEE In 2011 DLR is conducting 11 evaluation components for space flight and qualification projects in the EEE components department with a total EEE components comprise both active budget of 2.4 million euros. and passive electronic, electrical and electro magnetic components (EEE) which during space flight are subject to partic- ular demands on reliability, service life, vibration resistance, radiation resistance and temperature fluctuations, and must be qualified accordingly. EEE components represent as much as 30 per cent of the hardware costs for a space flight system. 50 per cent of the strategic components

69 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

and to improve principles relating to of building and equipment operation as An ongoing focus of work on safety and quality, the environment and occupa- well as energy distribution. DLR knowl- environmental protection is communica- tional health and safety on a continual edge from research is an important ele- tions via IT media. To minimise work travel basis. The system has been extended by ment of this. In this way, DLR is making between DLR sites, video conferencing is EFQM, the Balanced Scorecard and a a contribution to the federal govern- increasingly employed. For this purpose continual improvement process (CIP) as ment‘s strategy on corporate social re- a high number of conferencing systems supplementary tools and by carrying out sponsibility. have been set up in meeting rooms and internal and external evaluations. An in- at computer workstations which should crease in the number of trained auditors DLR Building Management gives high help combat climate change by creating will enable comprehensive audits to be priority to the entire life cycle including less traffic. conducted at DLR facilities and partners, energy-related, environmental and social such as waste disposal companies. factors. Sustainability within building Legal databases and information systems management affects the planning and are set up jointly with Helmholtz centres. At Technical Services, the integrated realisation of buildings and equipment, This also applies to adding content. Bi- management system was re-certified in as well as the refurbishment of buildings. monthly newsletters on topics relating 2011 by the external certifying body. to safety, environmental protection and This confirmed that Technical Services is This focus on life cycle and the ecologi- associated areas are frequently requested already on the way to implementing cor- cal, economic and socio-cultural aspects by functionaries within the Helmholtz porate sustainability management (CSM) of sustainable building has already re- Association (HGF). Managers and em- based on its environmental objectives sulted in some successes. These include ployees are continually made aware of and sustainable architecture concept. refurbishing facades and roofs (adding environmental issues to encourage them Workshops focusing on sustainability thermal insulation and installing triple to make responsible use of resources were held in order to find methods and glazing) or fitting translucent roller shut- such as water and energy. This includes technologies that will boost the efficiency ters in aircraft hangers to reduce heat seminars for managers, instruction for loss due to transmission. To generate specific target groups and special infor- heat, air-geothermal heat exchangers mation events, such as healthcare days and energy-saving condensing boilers at DLR which are held with support from are being used. In total 10 per cent of external occupational physicians. DLR‘s gross floor area has already been upgraded to be energy-efficient. In addi- Regular dialogue also takes place with tion all DLR properties have been tested both internal and external network and according to fire safety requirements cooperation partners. To complement and risk-assessed. At locations adjacent specialist expertise DLR maintains net- to natural conservation areas, as in Co- works with universities, for example. logne for example, multi-storey buildings The results of Master‘s projects commis- are erected in order to reduce the amount sioned and completed on safety-related of land used and therefore to lessen and environmental topics and methods the impact on the natural environment. also flow into DLR representatives‘ safety When purchasing machinery for DLR and environmental protection activities. workshops (Technology Systems House), environmental and safety criteria like- In the field of risk communications, a cri- wise greatly influence decision-making. sis panel has been set up to coordinate issues such as pandemic planning and other safety-related and environmental measures pertaining to potential dam- age events and to provide timely infor- mation to employees and other target

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groups. A related handbook is stored Accident trends at DLR on the intranet and kits are available for use should a pandemic occur. 1,000 person accident rate (working and commuting accidents per 1,000 members of staff) According to provisional figures from 35 German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV, as of 31 March 2011), more notifiable 30 32 32 32 30.9 31 32 28.5 accidents occurred in Germany in 2010 25 than during the previous year. Purely working accidents rose by 8.8 per cent 20 21.3 and commuting accidents were up 25 20.1 19.8 20.4 per cent. Fatal working and commuting 15 16.9 16.1 17.3 accidents increased by 9 per cent. Rea- 12.2 9.8 sons cited for this were the economic re- 10 7.5 covery and the exceptionally cold winter 10.3 8.4 8.5 with increased precipitation. The rate of 5 7.5 working and commuting accidents per 1,000 employees will therefore be ap- proximately 10 per cent higher Germany- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 wide for notifiable accidents than in the previous year based on internal projec- DLR average BG-ETEM* average Federal average as per DGUV** tions, i.e. approximately 32 (2009: 28.5). * German professional association representing the Energy, Textiles, Electric Industries and Media Productions Data from BG ETEM (Berufsgenossen- ** DGUV: Umbrella organisation, German Social Accident Insurance schaft Energie Textil Elektro Mediener- zeugnisse), the professional association The BG ETEM average used was current at 16 May 2011 (taken from BG ETEM information with which DLR is insured, paints a simi- online). The nationwide average for this indicator was not available at the time of preparing lar picture. According to the professional the graph. The figure for 2010 was projected based on provisional figures from DGUV published association as of 16 May 2011, the rate online as at 31 March 2011. rose by 9.53 per cent to 17.3 accidents per 1,000 insured persons.

By contrast, DLR was able to reduce its the workplace and home or in other rate in 2010 to 7.5 accidents (see graph), areas that count as work-related such as thereby achieving a low rate which is corporate sports activities (25 accidents). well below comparative figures. Within There were no fatal accidents to report. the Helmholtz Association (HGF), perfor- Serious injuries involving an extended mance indicators for large-scale research period off work were rare. The severity facilities have been generated and com- of accidents (days off per accident) was pared since 2008. There, the average on average 16.5 days, down by half on rate per 1,000 persons is consistently the previous year. Here DLR was broadly low at approximately 10 accidents and in line with the HGF average of 15 days. therefore just above DLR figures this The majority of working injuries were time. In 2010 there were a total of 52 from falls, trips, sprains, cuts and punc- notifiable accidents at DLR, almost half ture injuries. of which occurred not at work but dur- ing travel for work, en route between

71 Partners

transport DLR is addressing a very ing into consideration key subject areas Helmholtz Associa- important aspect of electromobility by at specific locations, DLR‘s collaboration developing the next generation of rail with the Technische Universität Braun- tion of German vehicles (Next Generation Train project). schweig, the University of Stuttgart and Energy storage and the aerodynamics TUM (Technische Universität München) Research Centres of wind turbines are being reinforced has already been strengthened and insti- as topics in energy research. tutionalised. Within DLR, the DLR@Uni Developments in programme funding instrument establishes a framework for partnerships marked by content, which DLR is involved in two HGF research areas. is flexible enough to incorporate both Within the Aeronautics, Space and Trans- National Networks the diversity of content and the respec- port research field, all three programmes tive ancillary conditions within the coop- are implemented by DLR alone. Within Collaborations with universities eration. DLR@TU Braunschweig carries the Energy research field DLR participates the name “Campus Research Airport” in programmes on renewable energies, Collaboration with universities is a stra- and focuses on the theme of aviation efficient energy conversion and use, tegic goal within DLR‘s corporate policy. and traffic research. DLR@Uni Stuttgart as well as technology, innovation and Collaborative projects in almost every area has defined a “Research Campus” with society. Implementation is in its third or of activity ensure the optimal utilisa tion the motto “Designing the Future To- second year respectively for programs of available resources in programmed gether”. In Munich, a DLR proposal for with five-year durations.. Part of the in- research. Similarly the training of highly closer cooperation resulted between creased budget agreed within the sec- qualified new talent for industry and sci- DLR, TUM, the Universität der Bun- ond research and innovation pact is being ence benefits from working with others, deswehr and Bauhaus Luftfahrt forming used to work on new topics. Under the creating a classic win-win situation. For a joint faculty known as Munich Aero- aeronautics programme, research into universities, the DLR infrastructure avail- space, Faculty for Aeronautics and Space multidisciplinary, numerical simulations able in scientific and technical areas is Travel, e.V. HGF funds these three loca- of aircraft is being stepped up. Research in many cases a prerequisite for a wide tion-related research networks as part into developing re-entry technologies range of research projects, while DLR of the Helmholtz DLR@Uni alliance. The extends the space portfolio. Within gains access to up-and-coming new sci- collaborative approach of the Helmholtz entists and new research topics. DLR@Uni alliance is designed to expand research activities between DLR insti- In the scope of the Excellence Initiative, tutes and universities in a specific region collaboration between universities and in a strategic fashion in key areas of DLR is becoming increasingly important, competence and to strengthen training yet at the same time the nature of coop- at doctoral level in structured pro- erations is changing. The trend is to- grammes. wards institutionalisation with the aim of achieving greater networking which Each year the institutes of DLR oversee goes far beyond purely technical collab- around 750 postgraduate students work- oration on joint scientific projects. Tak- ing on their PhD theses, with another 450 students or so completing their final year theses at DLR facilities. The number of DLR scientists with lectureships has increased significantly in the last few years. In 2010 a record level was achieved of just under 300 lectures, tutorials, semi- nars etc. carried out at universities and colleges.

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Combined appointments form a central element of the links that individual em- National and European networks 2008 2009 2010 ployees have to higher education. All heads of DLR institutes must also accept DFG participations 33 34 38 an appointment to a position in higher Sponsorship agreements 49 41 32 education, meaning that alongside their positions in the institutes, the DLR heads of institutes take on a university profes- sorship with all the rights and duties to the university this entails. Increasingly, Sponsorships heads of department at DLR are also being appointed to combined positions. Sponsorships are a successful instrument Combined appointments based on the for rapid technology transfer through in- qualification criteria of both partners en- dividuals and also enable highly qualified sure that positions are filled by the best young talent to be secured for research candidate and give the scientist ap- and development in science and eco- pointed more opportunities for research nomics. This involves companies taking and teaching. over half the costs for training young sci- entists who are engaged by DLR for a Participation in DFG programmes period of between three and four years. They work in areas of equal interest to Integration into the programmes of the DLR and the company. Naturally the in- German Research Foundation (DFG) is dividual concerned spends a portion of an important measure of the quality of their time at the company itself. A total DLR research work. DFG‘s “coordinated of 32 sponsorships were overseen within programmes” support extensive interdis- DLR in 2010. This represents a continu- ciplinary networks of researchers dedi- ing downward trend, with the number cated to a broader range of topics. In of sponsored individuals reverting to the special research areas, the focus is on level in 2002 following a high point be- excellence in research, priority programmes tween 2004 and 2008. designed to develop pools of expertise, and research training groups for training high-calibre young scientists. During the reporting period DLR institutes partici- pated in Collaborative Research Centers 19 times, Priority Programmes 15 times, and Research Training Groups 4 times, a marked increase on previous years.

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Horizon2020 – 8th EU Framework European Networks Programme for Research and Innova- tion 7th EU Framework Programme for Research In preparation for the next EU FRP (Hori- zon2020) the European Commission last In the completed calls for proposals for year conducted mid-term review of the the EU‘s 7th Framework Programme for 7th EU FRP. DLR participated here both Research (FRP) at the end of 2010, DLR directly by virtue of its own position and once again submitted numerous applica- indirectly via its collaborative role in po- tions in the areas of transport (including sition papers by European technology aeronautics), space flight, energy and platforms and interest groupings. safety, enjoying above-average success. In aeronautics, for example, of the 19 DLR‘s main points are as follows: proposals that DLR was involved in (act- ing as coordinator in 2), 15 received - The 7th EU FRP supports the attainment funding. of European research goals - The FRP is fundamentally well executed To date, DLR has proposed 715 projects under the 7th EU FRP, of which 286 have - There is a need to optimise the existing received funding. This makes DLR‘s aver- mix of tools and to take them further age success rate around 36 per cent at beyond the 7th EU FRP present, significantly higher than the - It is however necessary to simplify programme‘s typical success rate in the administration 7th round (approximately 20 per cent). These statements are taken from the In parallel to the application process, report by the relevant expert group pub- DLR played an active role in preparing lished on 17 November 2010. work programmes for proposals in 2011 Mayor differences from the DLR position (published on 20 July 2011). Through are evident in the area of joint program- its participation in European technology ming and international cooperation, platforms (ETP) (ACARE, ERRAC, ERTRAC), with DLR being critical of their unre- other European interest groupings (EREA, stricted use and expansion. ECTRI, ERTICO, N.ERGHY, EERA) and joint technology initiatives (JTI), DLR was On 9 February 2011 the European Com- and continues to be significantly in- mission published its green paper enti- volved. tled “From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU research and innovation funding” (COM(2011)48) in preparation for the next Framework Programme. DLR again par- ticipated in the subsequent consultation, which was completed on 20 May 2011, by submitting its own position paper. In it DLR advocated that the Commission should cover the entire innovation pro- cess in funding and maintain the current, successful mix of smaller, mid-size and large-scale projects. In addition it is DLR‘s

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view that the ACARE approach – jointly On 29 June 2011 the European Commis- In the meetings that followed moder- defining the European research agenda sion presented proposals for the next ated by Prof. Wörner, representatives of with individual responsibility taken for multiannual financial framework for the DLR and the state of Mecklenburg-West- coordinated implementation – has proved period 2014–2020 (EU budget). As part ern Pomerania discussed with MEPs, rep- successful. Because it is accepted by all of this approximately 80 billion euros resentatives of the European Commis- parties involved, DLR proposes examin- have been earmarked for Horizon 2020. sion and national ministries how the ing the extent to which this approach Research and innovation are also to at- research and demonstration capabilities can be adapted to and adopted in other tract greater use of structural funds. built up at the Rostock Research Port in subject areas. DLR also proposes extend- Over the next few years DLR will be ac- the area of satellite-based marine safety ing funding to large-scale facilities for in- tively engaged in ensuring that sufficient could be incorporated more effectively dustrial applications in the field of infra- funds are available for DLR‘s research into European policies and research ac- structure. areas in the period from 2014 to 2020. tivities.

Since President of the European Com- EU Business The strong interest in discussions and mission José Manuel Barroso adapted events over the course of the two days commissioner portfolios with the aim of On 2 February 2011, at the invitation once again showed that DLR is recog- ensuring that research and innovation of the Chairman of the Executive Board nised as an important and expert dia- serve EU policies more effectively, the Prof. Wörner and the State Minister for logue partner in Brussels and beyond. specialist commissioners and the Direc- Science, Research and Art Prof. Franken- torates-General assigned to them are berg, DLR held its traditional New Year‘s During a workshop prior to the DLR now responsible for research content, reception in Brussels representing the New Year‘s reception in Brussels, Prof. unlike under the 7th EU FRP. In line with state of Baden-Württemberg. This year‘s Wörner, Deputy Director General Weis- this, Commissioners G. Oettinger (En- event focused on energy issues. Follow- senberg (DG ENTR) and representatives ergy), S. Kallas (Transport) and A. Tajani ing an address by Ministerial Director of BMWi discussed the EU‘s future com- (Industry and Entrepreneurship) prepare Tappeser, representing the Minister, and mitment to space flight. There were their own position papers on research Prof. Wörner to welcome the 120 guests, then talks with the European Commis- and innovation. With the Directorate- Director General Lowe of the European sion about Galileo and with Herbert General for Energy reviewing the Strate- Commission outlined the EU energy Reul, the chair of the European Parlia- gic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan), strategy with focused, long-term action ment research committee, during the for the first time the Directorate-General by the European Union in the field of late afternoon on European space policy. for Mobility and Transport is preparing energy research an urgent priority. The a Strategic Transport Technology Plan following three core areas are to be rein- In all talks DLR argued that successful

(STTP) to present the basis for transport forced: lowering CO2 emissions, reducing implementation of the two flagship initi- research in the next FRP (Horizon 2020). energy consumption and making greater atives – Galileo and GMES – was the top Hearings were organised in February and use of renewable energy sources. The priority during the EU‘s next financial March 2011 at which organisations such necessary technologies and infrastruc- perspective (2014–2020). In this context as ACARE, EREA and ECTRI were invited ture can only be developed if there is it was also agreed with the European to put their positions forward. Via its in- close cooperation between research, Parliament to hold an information event volvement in these organisations DLR industry and policymakers. In response regarding Galileo in particular in the au- was able to present its position as the Prof. Wagner and Prof. Aigner presented tumn of this year. STTP was being prepared. Similarly DLR DLR‘s multi-layered competencies in en- is involved in the SET-Plan review through ergy research and possible contributions its participation in European energy re- towards attaining the EU‘s ambitious en- search bodies like N.ERGHY, EERA or ergy goals. SOLLAB.

Parallel DLR has supported the cabinets of the respective European Commission- ers by preparing contributions on prior- ity research topics and conveying them to the Commission‘s services and Ger- man federal ministries.

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On 7 April 2011 the European Commis- ACARE – Advisory Council for sioner for Research Máire Geoghegan- European Groups Aeronautical Research in Europe Quinn and the Minister for Science in North Rhine-Westphalia, Svenja Schulze, Joint technology initiatives After ACARE laid the ground with its visited DLR in Cologne to find out about Beyond Vision 2020 paper, at the end the latest DLR topics and competencies. At the Clean Sky Governing Board meet- of 2010 the EU Commissioners S. Kallas As part of preparations for the next FRP ing Prof. Henke was named Vice Chair- (Transport) and M. Geoghegan-Quinn (Horizon2020), there were also discus- man for 2011 to represent associated (Research, Innovation and Science) in- sions with the Executive Board of DLR members. This takes into account DLR‘s vited industry representatives and Prof. on European aeronautics strategy (Flight- important contributions to Clean Sky, Wörner to participate in a high level path 2050), sustainable European energy particularly in terms of managing tech- group (HLG) on aviation and aeronautics provision and issues relating to research nology evaluators. The Clean Sky Joint research. With the support of a group of infrastructure in Europe. Both guests were Undertaking and the European Commis- experts, the HLG has developed a new enthusiastic about DLR and had particu- sion have also confirmed that associates vision for aviation and aeronautics in Eu- lar praise for its involvement in national may take part in calls for proposals is- rope. Flightpath 2050 was presented to and European innovation processes sued by Integrated Technology Demon- the general public at the 2011 Aerodays (from basic research in partnership with strators in which they are not yet ac- in Madrid by, among others, EU Trans- universities to working with industry on tively involved. That funding acquired in port Commissioner Kallas and Prof. product innovation). this way does not count towards the Wörner. own budget, DLR is planning to apply to calls for proposals in the fields of propul- To achieve the goals of Flightpath 2050 sion systems, regional aircraft and eco the HLG proposed further developing design. ACARE. In line with this proposal Vice President Siim Kallas hosted the first Within the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint general assembly of the new Advisory Technology Initiative (FCH-JTI) the appli- Council for Aviation Research and Inno- cation procedures and amount of fund- vation (ACARE) in Le Bourget during the ing in particular are hard to predict. For Paris Air Show. Terms of reference and this reason FCH-JTI, the industry group- the working structure of the new ACARE ing and N.ERGHY (representing research) were determined. ACARE is thus tasked are working on harmonising procedures with preparing a new strategic roadmap with those used in the 7th FRP and Clean for research and innovation in European Sky. Attempts are also being made to aviation (SRIA) by the middle of next year. supplement direct financing of the joint DLR in partnership with ASD (Association undertaking with member contributions of European Aerospace and Defence via what is known as a project contribu- Industries) as a partner of the NEARS tion, putting this aspect on a broader (New European Aviation Research Strat- and fairer footing. egy) EU Project successfully applied to support this strategy process on an or- ganisational level.

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EREA – Association of European ECTRI – European Conference Research Establishments in Aeronautics of Transport Research Institutes

Following completion of the Air Transport At the end of January 2011 Dr. Piehler, System of the Future study largely worked DLR Programme Director for Transport, on by DLR, ONERA and CIRA under the assumed the presidency of ECTRI. He auspices of EREA, Mr. Peters as EREA was unanimously elected to the two- Chairman presented the results at the year post at the plenary meeting in No- ACARE Plenary Meeting on 23 Novem- vember 2010. Currently representing the ber 2010 and in separate bilateral talks interests of 28 leading European trans- with Director Generals Ruete (Transport) port research institutes with a multi- and Smits (Research, Innovation and modal focus, ECTRI is actively involved in Science). In some areas the study was shaping the European research area. For one of the key foundations of the Vision example, its own position paper was 2050 prepared by the HLG. It also formed submitted in advance of the publication the basis of the EREA contribution to the of the European Commission‘s green Strategic Transport Technology Plan. paper on the next FRP and the Strategic Transport Technology Plan (STTP). To- In addition to work on content, Mr. Pe- gether with ACARE and EREA, ECTRI ters welcomed approximately 100 guests was also invited by the Commission to from the European Parliament, European participate in a related hearing. Commission, industry, research and member states at the annual reception AET – Association for European on 2 December 2010. Together with Transport ACARE Co-Chairman Mr. Quentin, he presented the EREA Best Paper Award DLR has been a member of AET since 2010 at this event to M. Meunier from the beginning of 2011. AET is one of the ONERA. leading European organisations in the transport sector and with more than Under the EREA umbrella, the executive 350 members from 35 countries has a boards of DLR, NLR and ONERA dis- broad network in research, business and cussed further collaboration in the field administration. In addition to the bene- of wind tunnels. The objective is to safe- fits of an extended network, AET mem- guard the ETW, DNW-LLF and ONERA- bership is attractive to DLR by enabling it S1 wind tunnels long-term as they are to play an active role in Europe‘s leading strategic for Europe. Based on the suc- transportation conference (ETC) and cessful EU ESWIRP project, the European AET‘s special interest groups by partici- Commission is planning to organise a pating in relevant committees. workshop with EREA on 20 October 2011 covering the future handling of ap- plication-oriented research facilities or those used by industry under the 8th EU FRP (Horizon2020).

During the Air Show in Le Bourget, the EREA Board was able to discuss with representatives of the European Defence Agency the potential for future coopera- tion, especially in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles. A study on this is due to be presented in late 2011.

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ETRR – European Transport Research IFAR – International Forum for Review Aviation Research

As Chairman of the Advisory Board, the IFAR is a new international body that Programme Director for Transport makes connects and represents aerospace re- a considerable contribution to the strate- search organisations. Formed in 2010 on gic direction of the ETRR open access DLR‘s initiative, IFAR brings together up journal. Under his management an eval- to now leading aeronautical research or- uation took place in mid-2010. The ob- ganisations from 21 countries to address jectives were to review the ETRR‘s devel- climate and environment challenges faced opment to date in terms of quality, the by the air transport community world- effectiveness and efficiency of processes, wide. Prof. Szodruch, a former member structural suitability and financial sus- of the DLR Executive Board, chairs the tainability. Twelve assessors performed forum. DLR is in charge of climate issues an in-depth examination of this exten- and administers the office. sive range of issues and the suggestions for improvements put forward by the N.ERGHY – New European Research editor-in-chief and Chairman of the Grouping on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Advisory Board. The response was ex- tremely positive with a strongly upbeat As a member of the Executive Board of view of the journal‘s future. DLR also N.ERGHY, the European association of continues to be involved in the ETRR‘s research facilities within the Fuel Cells positive performance on the operational and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative level of associate editor and on the edi- (FCH-JTI), DLR is significantly involved in torial board and its growing acceptance the organisation and strategic direction within the transport community. of the grouping. The aim of the initiative is to accelerate the deployment of tech- EERA – European Energy Research nologies on international markets. To Alliance achieve this goal, the fourth call for pro- posals for FCH-JTI projects is being held Along similar lines to EREA in aviation and this year already with a total budget of ECTRI in surface transportation, EERA 109 million euros. At the moment a key (European Energy Research Alliance) is focus is consolidating and furthering ini- also preparing its own positions in readi- tiatives around involvement in the up- ness for the next Framework Programme. coming European Union Framework Pro- The focus here is mainly on establishing gramme. joint programmes that allow national en- ergy research facilities to combine re- Collaboration with NLR sources and therefore to help implement the Strategic Energy Technology Plan At the meeting of the DLR-NLR Joint Ex- (SET-Plan). EERA‘s setup as a non-profit ecutive Board on 21 December 2010 the organisation in accordance with Belgian future development of the joint subsidi- law is being checked. ary AT-One was discussed and approved. At the same meeting a joint appearance at the ATC Global show in Amsterdam was confirmed. Ongoing programme co- operation outside air traffic management research was analysed and potential new joint topics were discussed, especially in the area of European research infrastruc- ture.

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Following very lengthy preparations, the in France and Germany in May 2010 on The DLR/CNES working group was suc- SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU) published the detailed definition of a MERLIN mis- cessful and activities were completed on the call for proposals for associated mem- sion concept (mission phase 0). The es- schedule. Results were presented to the bers within the SJU in February 2011. tablished project teams at the two space two governments at the Franco-German DLR and NLR applied as a consortium agencies, CNES and DLR, are working summit on 10 December 2010. Both sides under the name AT-One in five of the together very successfully and coordinate reasserted their interest in redeploying six advertised areas and were success ful their activities regularly. German contri- the working group in preparation for the in three. The consortium has thereby butions to MERLIN are worked on by a Ministerial Council conference in 2012. achieved the status of associated partner consortium headed by Astrium GmbH in in SESAR. Ottobrunn as part of an industry project. In the field of launcher technology there On the French side, work is being per- are also regular exchanges between ex- AT-One was also actively involved in the formed by CNES Toulouse without any perts at CNES and DLR institutes which 9th USA/EUROPE Air Traffic Management significant industrial involvement. A mis- are to be stepped up. R&D Seminar arranged by Eurocontrol sion concept has been drawn up over and FAA. the past year. In deviation from political guidance, 2016/17 is being viewed as a Collaboration with ONERA realistic timeframe for launching the sat- ellite. Because the estimated costs were To strengthen in particular exchanges significantly higher than the funding re- between younger scientists between quirement originally budgeted for, the the two institutions, a workshop for up- satellite‘s scientific mission requirements and-coming scientists was organised in were reduced and the instrument techni- Meudon on 16 July 2010. The seminar cally simplified to save money. The Steer- was well attended by 25 participants ing Committee gave its approval of fur- (DLR 11, ONERA 14). The aim of the first ther technical feasibility in July 2011. meeting placed less emphasis on scienti fic Mission phase A is expected to be com- discussion and more on getting to know pleted by May 2012. each other and building networks, as well as a brainstorming session on im- The governments of France and Ger- proving exchanges of staff. A return visit many agreed at their joint summit in by ONERA scientists to DLR took place February 2010 to establish a DLR/CNES at the Braunschweig site on 15 October working group on launchers. The task 2010. was to debate a new generation of Eu- ropean launch vehicles and prospects as From 9 to 11 February 2011, DLR and well as to create and evaluate possible ONERA held the joint ONERA-DLR Aero- long-term scenarios in the European space Symposium (ODAS) in Toulouse. launcher sector. The working group‘s This year it was all about civil transport findings were to be presented by the aircraft research to coincide with ten years end of 2010. of cooperation in the field of transport aircraft. Unusually the prize for best con- tribution to the symposium was awarded to two winners: Jana Ehlers from DLR and Myriam Kaminski from ONERA.

Collaboration with CNES

The Franco-German MERLIN Satellite to observe the methane content of the Earth‘s atmosphere using laser radar is based on a meeting between Parliamen- tary State Secretary Hintze and Minister Précresse. Collaborative work commenced

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Left: Signing the DLR/ASAL MoU in Cologne on 8 February 2011; Dr. A. Oussedik (Director of ASAL), General F. Zerhouni (President of tions, environmental protection and dis- the ASAL Supervisory Board), Prof. Wörner, International aster preparedness and mitigation in the Dr. Reile (left to right) country which covers an area six times Center: Australian minister Kim Carr (right) Collaboration larger than Germany. The visit was highly and Prof. Wagner signing the MoU on joint successful and provided some specific research into concentrating solar technology Algeria approaches for collaborative projects, for Right: Brazilian delegation visit: bilateral example testing remote sensing systems. meeting between Dr. Densing, DLR (third In early February, a high-ranking delega- from left) and Dr. Carlos Ganem, AEB Presi- tion from the Algerian Space Agency ASAL Australia dent (fourth from left) (Agence Spatiale Algérienne) headed by its director Dr. Azzedine Oussedik visited In March 2011 DLR and the Australian DLR sites in Bremen, Bonn, Cologne and Solar Institute (ASI) signed an agreement Oberpfaffenhofen over the course of in Berlin on cooperation in the field of three days. The guests from North Africa concentrating solar technology. The sig- gained in-depth insights into space flight natories were the Australian Minister for research at DLR and met with represent- Innovation, Industry, Science and Re- atives of German aerospace companies. search, Senator Kim Carr, and member A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) of the DLR Executive Board Prof. Ulrich was signed in Cologne on 8 February Wagner. Australia has copious regions 2011 which now forms the basis for ex- that are highly exposed to the sun, mak- tending German-Algerian cooperation in ing them ideally for deploying a technol- space research. Rich in oil, gas and sun- ogy in which DLR has internationally rec- shine, the country already cooperates ognised expertise. with DLR on energy research and has had a National Space Programme for Brazil some years. Two Earth observation satel- lites are already in operation with others In July 2010 Dr. Carlos Ganem, President at the planning stage. Ground control of AEB – the Brazilian Space Agency, vis- stations and research institutions are ited DLR for talks on bilateral cooperation also gradually being expanded. The key particularly with regard to sounding rocket objectives are improving communica- technology. After touring DLR sites in Oberpfaffenhofen and Lampoldshausen, Dr. Ganem held talks with DLR Space Administration on the subject of working together on research under space condi- tions. Brazil has for many years supplied reliable rocket motors that are essential to the TEXUS science programme as part

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of the national programme and to ESA‘s France took place in Tokyo in November high altitude research programmes. 2010. At this meeting several active pro- Long-term availability of the Brazilian jects were extended and some new col- contribution is of great value to German laborative projects were discussed. zero-gravity research. The visit set the course for expanding this collaboration. The massive earthquake and tsunami in Japan in March 2011 certainly represents A Brazilian delegation from DCTA (De- a watershed moment for the aerospace partment of Aerospace Science and sector in Japan. JAXA facilities were Technology) also visited in March 2011 damaged and the high costs of recon- accompanied by the new AEB President struction after the disaster are also im- Dr. Marco Antônio Raupp. There were pacting space and aeronautical research. plans to follow the launch of TEXUS 49 The disaster has however demonstrated from the Kiruna launch site. Due to the how effectively DLR works with its Japa- Prof. Henke (left) and Dr. Ishikawa (JAXA, launch being postponed at the last nese partner JAXA on disaster manage- Executive Director for Aeronautics) after minute the experts had the opportunity ment. Due to close contacts between signing several cooperation agreements to gain a deeper understanding of the DLR and JAXA in the area of disaster between DLR and JAXA in the field of technical facilities and the launch vehicle. monitoring and radar imaging, DLR was aeronautics A subsequent visit to Oberpfaffenhofen able to provide vital pictures to Japan allowed detailed discussion of further very soon after the disaster to assist in collaboration, specifically developing en- addressing the situation. This collabora- gines for sounding rockets. Shortly after- tion is to be expanded further in future. wards, Dr. Thomas Reiter met with the Brazilian minister for research and tech- In the field of space flight it was possible nology, Dr. Aloízio Mercadante, for bilat- to likewise extend the level of coopera- eral talks during the Hanover trade show. tion further despite the disaster. Of par- The partners value this long-standing re- ticular note here is the cooperation on the lationship which has proved highly suc- Japanese Hayabusa-2 asteroid mission. cessful for both sides and resolved to Following the successful Hayabusa-1 mis- continue supporting aerospace research sion to an asteroid, which is well-known activities. in Japan, DLR has the opportunity to participate in the Hayabusa-2 follow-on Japan mission. Work is currently focused on supporting Japanese colleagues in the Collaboration with Japan was also ex- area of zero gravity testing. Depending tended further in 2010. A visit to Japan on the financial feasibility, involvement in October 2010 by Rainer Brüderle who in a small lander package is possible. was Minister of Economics at the time This would move around on the asteroid and accompanied by, among others, and take important measurements. Prof. Wörner helped strengthen relation- ships. In Japan in particular, it is impor- tant to back up current projects that are going well on a scientific basis and con- tacts with high-profile visits.

In addition to space flight, DLR is work- ing with Japan on many aeronautical projects. The annual trilateral meeting between JAXA, DLR and ONERA of

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Canada an economic forum between the two countries. At the request of Kazakhstan‘s The key event in terms of DLR‘s working government, the framework agreement relationship with Canada was the inau- between the German Aerospace Center guration of the DLR satellite receiving and the National Space Agency of Ka- station in Inuvik in August 2010. The oc- zakhstan (KazCosmos) covering collabo- casion was attended by Canadian repre- ration on activities in the space sector sentatives of various organisations such was prepared for signing in Astana. Prof. as the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Wörner signed the agreement together the Canada Center for Remote Sensing with Mr. Talgat Musabayev, the head of (CCRS) and a number of local organisa- KazCosmos. During a dinner at the Presi- tions, as well as Chairman of the DLR Ex- dent‘s residence there was an opportu- ecutive Board Prof. Wörner. At present, nity to discuss aerospace themes person- the DLR antenna is mainly used to receive ally with the President of Kazakhstan data from TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X. and the German Chancellor. Key areas New DLR satellite receiving station in Over the medium and long-term the an- of cooperation with Kazakhstan include Inuvik tenna will be the focus of greater coop- Earth observation – specifically the search eration with Canada in the field of Earth for raw materials, water management in observation. In addition to bilateral pro- Central Asia and monitoring agriculture jects with Canadian partners, joint par- – and technological support on design- ticipation in receiving data for ESA Earth ing and building microsatellites. observation missions is planned. Russia As well as the inauguration of the Inuvik satellite receiving station a number of 12 April 2011 marked the 50th anniver- meetings were held between DLR and sary of a very special event: the first its Canadian partner organisations. Visits human flight in space made by Yuri Ga- took place in both Canada and Germany garin. The celebrations in Moscow were in a highly constructive atmosphere – a attended by a DLR delegation headed by sign of the positive working relationship Dr. Reiter who was awarded the Russian that exists with Canada. Space Exploration Service Medal for his special role in developing manned space Kazakhstan flight. The medal was presented to him personally by the President of the Rus- On 18 July 2010 there was an official sian Federation, Mr. Medvedev. Others meeting in Astana between Kazakhstan‘s besides Dr. Reiter who received awards President Nursultan Nazarbayev and were the German astronauts Siegmund Chancellor Merkel on her trip to Asia. Jähn, Ulf Merbold, Klaus Dietrich Flade Giving substance to the meeting, more and Reinhold Ewald. than 40 agreements were signed be- tween German and Kazakh institutions The DLR Institute of Robotics and Me- (commercial businesses, universities, re- chatronics (RMC) works closely with the search institutions, agencies) as part of Russian Institute of Robotics and Techni- cal Cybernetics (RTC) in St. Petersburg. Of particular note this year was the re- covery of the ROKVISS (Robotic Compo- nents Verification on the ISS) robotic arm from the ISS by RKK Energija. The exper- iment was installed on the ISS in 2004, disassembled in early 2011 and brought

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Singapore

In May Prof. Henke signed a MoU in Oberpfaffenhofen with Nanyang Tech- nological University. The MoU provides a framework for future cooperation be- tween the two facilities in the areas of Earth observation and its use in naviga- tion, environmental monitoring and se- curity, electromobility as well as mainte- nance, repair and overhaul in Installing the ROKVISS experiment on the aeronautics. Swesda module of the ISS in January 2005 Thailand back to Earth. ROKVISS was funded Signing the MoU with Nanyang Technologi- cal University (from left to right): Prof. Boey, from DLR Space Administration bugdet On 2 May 2011 the first high-ranking Prof. Henke, Prof. Yong, Dr. Blumrich and implemented by Kayser-Threde delegation from GISTDA, the Thai space GmbH and the Institute of Robotics and research organisation, visited DLR in Mechatronics. At the end of the active Oberpfaffenhofen. There was a lively ex- research phase the hardware onboard the change between experts on the topics ISS became the property of Roscosmos of Earth observation and disaster man- and was passed by Roscosmos to RKK agement. It was agreed to specify future for further use. As part of the “Kontur” areas of cooperation and to set them project, the robotic system is being dis- out in a MoU. assembled and analysed at RMC together with specialists from RTC. The goal is to USA find reasons for the small changes in the robotic system‘s mechanical properties In terms of collaboration with NASA the during its use in space. The robotic arm signing of the DLR/NASA framework will then be overhauled and passed to agreement at the DLR Christmas reception RTC in working order for further use. in December 2010 was of major impor- The agreement on implementing this NASA Administrator Charles F. Bolden (right) tance. The framework agreement rein- and Chairman of the DLR Executive Board first phase was signed in 2011. forces the excellent, close working rela- Prof. Wörner (left) signing the framework tionship between the two organisations. agreement At ILA 2010 Prof. Wörner and Prof. Per- The aim of the framework agreement is minov, the former head of the Russian to promote bilateral collaborative pro- federal Space Agency Roscosmos, signed jects between NASA and DLR (and other a framework agreement covering re- German research institutions funded by search under space conditions on the DLR) and to simplify administration. At Russian Bion M1 and Photon M1 type the DLR Christmas reception there were returning satellites. In 2011 two agency also discussions with NASA on ongoing agreements were negotiated – one on cooperations such as GRACE or the col- Bion M1 (biological experiments, pay- laboration on the ISS, as well as potential load approximately 25 kg, 30-day period of application, launch May 2012) and another concerning Photon M1 (material physics in space, 60-day period of appli- cation, launch 2013). The agreement on Bion M1 has already been signed. The probes for the respective experiments are shared and results made available to scientists on both sides in the same way.

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future projects like Tandem-L, for exam- Within space and aeronautical research, United Nations and international ple. Within the context of cooperation meetings also took place between DLR organisations between DLR and NASA, the SOFIA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Administration (NOAA), the United States As already mentioned, DLR joined the In- Astronomy) research aircraft continues Geological Survey (USGS), the Federal ternational Charter on Space and Major to be a noteworthy project. The first sci- Aviation Administration (FAA), various Disasters in October 2010. entific data for this was delivered in De- universities such as Purdue University, cember 2010, which constituted an im- Penn State University, MIT and Berkeley, With the help of DLR, German students portant milestone. and most particularly the Air Force Re- were able to participate in the Space search Laboratory (AFRL). There were Generation Congress which was founded In addition to space flight, cooperation several visits and workshops with AFRL subsequent to UNISPACE III. This event with NASA in the field of aeronautics is in autumn of 2010 and spring 2011. Due took place in the run-up to the Interna- very important to DLR. Future areas for to the high technical level and breadth tional Astronaut Congress (IAC) in Prague. cooperation were discussed at several of research, the cooperation with AFRL is With more than 100 other participants, meetings between Prof. Henke, the DLR of growing importance for DLR. they were able to rally in group projects board member responsible for Aeronaut- on topics such as climate or exploration. ics research, and NASA Aeronautics As- At the National Space Symposium in Col- sociate Administrator Dr. Shin. At other orado Springs in April 2011, DLR exhib- UN-SPIDER meetings new collaborative projects will ited for the first time on selected topics (United Nations Platform for be selected and promoted as appropri- relating to Earth observation and secu- Space-based Information for Disaster ate. To date collaboration between DLR rity research. Chairman of the DLR Exec- Management and Emergency and NASA has focused on the areas of utive Board Prof. Wörner took part in a Response) air traffic management (ATM), computa- high level panel discussion, explaining tional fluid dynamics (CFD), climate and possible contributions that DLR could In Germany, the UN Office for Outer aviation, and rotorcraft. make to space exploration activities in Space Affairs is represented in Bonn by the future. the UN-SPIDER programme in which DLR plays a major role. SPIDER deals with Collaboration between DLR and the US space-based information for disaster National Renewable Energy Laboratory prevention, mitigating their effects and in energy research was recently put on managing the emergency response. In an improved footing. In June 2011 DLR, October 2010 therefore the annual work- Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) and the shop again convened, this time entitled. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) for Ma- The 4C Challenge: Communication – terials and Energy signed a cooperation Coordination – Cooperation – Capacity agreement that is designed to signifi- Development. Also in autumn 2010 two cantly improve the framework for pro- presentations took place at the German jects and scientist exchanges in the field Mission to the United Nations in Vienna of solar research. While FZJ and HZB on the benefits of space-based support focus on thin-film photovoltaics, DLR to disaster management. These presen- shares its unique competencies in the tations attracted a large and prestigious field of solar thermal power plants. audience and highlighted what Germany and especially DLR do to provide assistance worldwide in the event of a disaster.

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A presentation took place at UNESCO in Paris on the DLR/UNESCO collaboration for the protection of World Heritage Sites using satellite data. As at the previ- ous year‘s event in Vienna, it was appar- ent that the DLR/UNESCO venture for the remote sensing of World Heritage Sites and biosphere reserves is excel- lently suited to raise the wider interna- tional public‘s awareness of the benefits of modern remote sensing satellites.

UN-COPUOS (United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space) UN-COPUOS function in Vienna (from left to right): Dr. Annette Fröhlich, Ambassador Rüdiger Lüdeking, member of the Bundestag Klaus-Peter Willsch and member of the DLR Executive In spring of this year there were two Board Dr. Gerd Gruppe reasons to celebrate at the United Na- tions: 50 years of manned space flight and 50 years of COPUOS. COPUOS was established as an ad hoc committee by the UN General Assembly in 1958, shortly after the successful launch of the first COSPAR satellite. The Committee now has 70 members, making it the largest within The 38th Scientific Assembly of COSPAR the UN system. The main focus of the (Committee on Space Research) was held ceremony was the adoption of a decla- in Bremen, Germany, from 18 to 25 July ration in which member states empha- 2010. With a record number of approxi- sised that space research and technology mately 4,400 abstracts submitted and serve the whole of humankind. The over 3,500 attendees, this assembly was lunchtime reception was hosted jointly the biggest so far. As part of the open- by Ambassador Rüdiger Lüdeking, Ger- ing activities, DLR held a round table to many‘s permanent representative to address space and global change issues. the United Nations in Vienna, and DLR. Those participating were Prof. Wörner Member of the Bundestag Klaus-Peter (Chairman of the DLR Executive Board), Willsch, acting president of the Euro- Jean-Jacques Dordain (ESA Director Gen- pean Interparliamentary Space Confer- eral), Dr. Carlos Ganem (President of ence, and Dr. Gerd Gruppe, the DLR AEB, the Brazilian Space Agency), Dr. board member responsible for Space David Kendall (Director General Space Administration, used the occasion to Science and Technology, Canadian Space highlight the importance of the German Agency), Dr. Barbara Ryan (Director space sector. A special exhibition mark- WMO Space Programme, WMO), Prof. ing 50 years of manned space flight was Berrien Moore III (Dean of the College of organised to communicate fascination Atmospheric & Geographic Sciences, with space travel to a wide audience. University of Oklahoma) and Ernst Rauch The German stand showcased the Tan- (Head of the Corporate Climate Centre, DEM-X Earth observation mission and Munich Re). The discussion was at- the planned German on-orbit servicing tended by nearly 1,000 guests. mission (DEOS) to repair or dispose of malfunctioning satellites.

85 Economic Development > Partners

Communicating with the public via the The over 70 fairs and exhibitions at- Communications DLR web portal is a key task. Editorial tended last year once again constituted formats befitting modern scientific com- a major challenge. Services range from DLR Communications is responsible for munication such as web news, report- organisational and logistical support for press communications, cross-media ac- age, interviews and webcasts with their institutes and facilities through to mak- tivities, fairs, exhibitions and other events high informational content continue to ing all preparations for and holding as well as publications. It also ensures attract strong and growing interest. DLR‘s annual general meeting, oversee- that DLR presents a consistent image to The DLR portal receives 350,000 visits ing event content and producing films. the public. monthly, generating on average more than 1.4 million page views. DLR‘s profile in relevant areas such as the media, Internet and at fairs and exhi- Events associated with the ash cloud Political and bitions was again very positive over the from Iceland‘s Eyjafjallajökull volcano in past year. This is reflected in its consist- April 2010 and DLR‘s positive media per- Economic Relations ently neutral to positive media image as formance here continued to have an ef- well as the high number of visits to the fect into 2011. DLR‘s profile in the media This DLR department is responsible for DLR website and strong interest in the improved strongly after April 2010 with shaping relationships with the worlds of organisation‘s fairs and events. As a re- DLR being in demand as an objective politics and business. sult of working closely with DLR sites, in- point of contact once again when stitutes and facilities at all levels of com- Grimsvötn erupted in 2011. Experience DLR is increasingly involved in discus- munications, DLR is being perceived as a garnered in April 2010 not only bene- sions on formulating long-term policies unified entity in its external presentation. fited DLR Communications when WikiLe- that focus not just on classic aerospace aks emerged in January 2011 and on the topics but also strategic policy and social ROSAT issue in April 2011, a sustained, challenges of the future, especially issues good media image also means that DLR relating to energy, mobility and security continues to be presented positively in research. These issues all have high eco- the public eye. This also includes that nomic importance and wide-ranging in- the transfer quality (media use of texts fluence on sustaining the social and nat- and statements) of press releases written ural systems that underpin the state and and published by DLR Communications society in the longer term. Against this has increased to almost 70 per cent. backdrop, DLR plays an increasingly im- portant role in the thematic consulta- tion processes of parliaments and gov- ernment institutions at the federal and state level, in business and in the trade associations, as well as in activities at the international parliamentary level. The framework for the unit‘s activities focuses on the manifold requests for policy advice associated with political calls for sustainable policies.

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Left: Politics meets research – DLR presents knowledge of tomorrow to European Com- missioner Máire Geoghegan-Quinn (left) and minister for NRW Svenja Schulze (right) dur- ing an informational and working visit to A number of information discussions and - Boosting DLR efforts for the Aerospace DLR and ESA in Cologne special activities were carried out accord- parliamentary group and its chairman ingly. Examples include: MdB Willsch by holding parliamentary Center: Astronaut Doug Wheelock describing evening events, for example, such as his experiences onboard the International - Fact-finding trips concerning DLR celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Space Station to Kurt Beck, Minister Presi- “products” and international space flight dent of Rhineland-Palatinate D-1 mission with 400 representatives events for politicians and business lead- from the worlds of politics, business and ers (parabolic flights, shuttles launches Right: DLR‘s16th parabolic flight campaign – industry, including Parliamentary State Prof. Hans-Peter Keitel, President of the etc.) Secretary Hintze and top-level function- Federation of German Industries (BDI), expe- - Thorough political consultation, for ex- riences zero gravity onboard the Airbus 300 aries from leading European and Ger- Zero-G; for him experiments in zero gravity ample on parliamentary budget proce- man space agencies and industries are an important part of developing new dures products - Organising and carrying out a live - Strengthening regional networking by broadcast to the International Space DLR headquarters by maintaining close Station ISS as part of celebrations of contacts and through visits from, for German reunification with the Federal example, the mayors of Bonn, Cologne President and Dr. Thomas Reiter who and Siegburg, and expanding a regional was the DLR Executive Board member network with the city of Aachen responsible for space at the time. - Boosting DLR‘s international involve- ment and networking in the political sphere through of visits from EU Com- missioners and ministers to DLR (EU Commissioner for Research Geoghe- gan-Quinn, the North Rhine-Westphalia Minister for Science Schulze and visits by numerous regional members of the Bundestag) - Implementing DLR topics in the political sphere through the use of prestigious testimonials such as ISS Commander D. Wheelock on information trips to among others the Minister President of the Rhineland-Palatinate

87 People

Since 2002, DLR has also held work and Gender Equality and family audit certification for its family- friendly human resources policies. The Work-Life Balance “audit berufundfamilie” is an ongoing process in which specific goals and “The German Aerospace Center not only activities are developed in various action creates the same conditions for women areas. Having been certified for some and men to achieve professional success years now, DLR is in a period of consoli- and does it better than others, it also dation. As well as developing new activi- supports women‘s careers within the or- ties, this primarily involves embedding ganisation, thereby boosting its attrac- existing activities at the forefront of the tiveness as an employer.” This was said organisation in order to establish a last- when DLR was presented with the Total ing family-oriented corporate culture. E-Quality award for the third time for its human resources policies focused on An employee survey on the balance equal opportunities. between work and family life at DLR showed that DLR is on the right track in The Total E-Quality award recognises terms of its efforts to support work life companies and institutions that imple- balance. Flexible working models in par- ment equal opportunities in their HR ticular meet with widespread approval. and organisational policies where the focus is on employees and with the goal A family-friendly working environment of fulfilling the potential of employees, is crucial if a balance is to be founded irrespective of their gender. between family life and careers. This insight forms the basis of the “Erfolgs- faktor Familie” (Success Factor Family) business programme initiated by the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs which now has more than 3,000 corporate and institutional members. DLR‘s member- ship is a clear indication of its commit- ment to family-friendly practices, recog- nising their role as a key element in successful corporate governance.

Support for employees seeking suitable care provision for children or other de- pendants was extended further through the family counselling service: in addition to a contract with a new external service provider offering assistance in this area, DLR added more places at daycare cent- ers for children under age three. Con- tracts are now in place in Braunschweig, Göttingen and Berlin, as well as for the sites in Cologne and Bremen.

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Human Resources Personnel 2008 2009 2010 Development Employees 5,880 6,485 6,832 Scientific associates (total) 3,295 3,677 3,913 For several years now there has been a steady increase in demand for qualifica- Scientific associates 3,076 3,140 tion and promotion measures in human engaged by institutes and facilities resources development based on need. Permanent/fixed-term contracts 3,148/2,732 3,229/3,256 3,313/3,519 There was again a 20 per cent rise in the level of take-up for in-house training Proportion of women programmes in 2010 compared to the - total 30% 30% 30% previous year: In total, 561 basic and further training events in all were held - in management positions 14% 14% 14% for employees, managers and manage- - scientific associates 16% 17% 13% ment trainees. The dropout rate from Young scientists 86 63 55 training programmes was also reduced further (17 per cent in 2010). Doctoral candidates 670 734 763 (internal/external) The number of team workshops (events Trainees 252 252 247 tailored to specific organisational units) was significantly increased from 68 (2009) to 125. This underlines the acceptance of human resources developers achieved dates were able to discuss with the high- part of this symposium with the aim of among internal customers at both man- est management levels and learn about actively sharing ideas and experiences agement and other levels and the in- major strategic developments and deci- between institutes and sites. Since 2010 creasingly close relationship between sions. This overcomes hierarchical barri- attendees also have the opportunity to the development of personnel and that ers, promoting corporate identity. network virtually via a database of ab- of the organisation. stracts. The DLR_Graduate_Program received a In addition 11 mentoring pairs were put positive response in the year after being Project management is a key competence together in an extensive new selection launched: rising steadily to over 240 of DLR employees. Use of the four-day process and supervised by high-ranking participants, the programme exceeded intensive training course remained con- managers and members of the Executive DLR‘s expectations and proved excep- stant in 2010 with 95 participants. Board in a one-year mentoring relation- tionally popular. Some 90 training ship containing new programme ele- courses and workshops have so far been ments. held within the framework of the cross- institute qualification programme. These 63 per cent of employees participated at events are continually evaluated and re- least once during 2010 in training pro- fined as appropriate. The DLR_Graduate_ grammes, personnel development op- Program covers essential methodological, portunities for management or in team management and social skills which are workshops. On average 2.2 days per useful in writing PhD theses efficiently, year per employee were spent on per- engaging in scientific activity within DLR, sonnel development activities (re-train- as well as during subsequent careers. ing events or team workshops). Participation in the three-year programme is open to all DLR employees doing a Promoting talented young scientists is doctorate. One of the highlights of 2010 a key goal of human resources develop- was the DLR symposium for PhD stu- ment. For the seventh time, a moder- dents in Oberpfaffenhofen. A network ated forum was held between up-and- of doctoral students was established as coming management talents and the Executive Board of DLR with a revised format. More than 70 potential candi-

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Implementation of the employer brand HR development and mobility 2008 2009 2010 internally was continued. A series of Training days per employee 1.8 2.1 2.2 workshops also familiarised everyone from human resources fully with related Mentoring pairs 8 8 11 content and enabled appropriate activi- ties to be derived. Assignments abroad (months) 545 487 531 Work continued on DLR‘s external image as an employer. The aim is for all rede- A pleasing development was the sharp this project is currently about to be pi- signed materials to start being largely rise in interest in specific training events loted at three institutes benefiting be- deployed at the same time. to prepare for PMP® certification, the tween 60 and 80 members of staff. In world‘s most widespread and accepted addition to putting Project Management Numerous contributions at events tar- qualification in Project Management. In on a professional footing in terms of geting relevant groups help raise DLR‘s 2010 21 employees took this opportunity. achieving scientific and commercial suc- profile as an attractive employer: Ideally cess, this pursues important objectives this continues to be in the form of edito- A special project sees a separate projects towards promoting new talent over the rials in which employees talk first-hand career path – comparable to the man- long term. The projects career path will about unique projects and positive expe- agement career path – being created open up opportunities for those in key riences working for DLR. During the re- to establish an interdisciplinary project roles and demonstrating a high level of porting period DLR attended a total of manager job profile. With the project potential, helping to retain their skills 11 higher education fairs and in April concept now having been developed within DLR. Where hierarchies are flat in 2011 had a careers stand at a major in- and organisational preparations made, particular this generates necessary devel- dustry trade show in Hanover for the opmental and career prospects. At the first time. The tour of Germany‘s techni- same time, the associated qualification cal universities to promote ESA carried boosts the external employability of the out with representatives of the German next generation. Aerospace Industries Association (BDLI) and ESA was continued, providing stu- dents with an exclusive setting to find Human Resources out about different ways of joining DLR. These activities were complemented by Marketing developing different event formats to be held at the various DLR sites in the future The activities of the central human re- in order to inspire students to consider sources marketing department address careers with DLR. three lines of action: (i) internal commu- nication and implementation of the em- Preparations were completed for (trial) ployer brand, (ii) boosting recognition cooperation with a selected online job of DLR as an attractive employer and (iii) portal commencing in mid-August. Work supporting institutes and facilities on re- was also started on a conceptual basis cruitment. for DLR-specific human resources mar- keting metrics incorporating all suitable internal and external sources.

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German German staff at ESA – a comparison Member state Number of Employees Financial contribution Staff at ESA employees [%] [%] Germany 435 19.3 23.9 GTP, the German Trainee Programme between DLR and ESA, is a new tool for France 529 23.5 19.5 German human resources development within an international organisation. This Italy 401 17.8 14.2 programme supports young German ac- GB 231 10.3 10.6 ademics as they take up employment at the European Space Agency and helps Spain 182 8.1 6.9 with their career options. Its purpose in the medium and long-term is to boost Only 25% of the participation in the launcher programme is taken into account for the calcula- the share of German staff at ESA and to tion of the respective financing contributions. implement the mission of the German government and Bundestag to increase the proportion of German personnel At the end of 2010 the picture was as within international organisations. GTP follows: ESA retained 2,249 employees receives funding from BMWi and is fi- in the salary brackets commensurate nanced under the National Space Pro- with high-level employment. By compar- gramme. For programme purposes, GTP ison with the previous year, the number reports to DLR‘s Management office. of employees overall – including from The programme is managed by the Germany – had increased. For France, trans-departmental DLR working group, there was a slight downward trend. which was set up for ESA‘s own recruit- ing purposes. Germany‘s under-representation in terms of the proportion of German personnel GTP enables approximately 10 trainees in relation to its financial contribution annually to undergo on-the-job training has improved somewhat and shows that for up to two years in activity and pro- measures such as the advisory service or gramme areas within ESA that are a pri- the secondment programme agreed ority for Germany. They work in teams with ESA are gradually having an im- with colleagues and tutors from other pact. ESA member states predominantly in en- gineering and scientific fields at ESA sites in the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, France and Spain.

91 Commendations and Awards

Each year DLR awards various prizes and honours to its employees. These Internal Commen- prizes cover a broad spectrum reward- ing both young and senior scientists dations 2010 as well as external research stays and prizes from institutions that wish to DLR Science Prize support DLR. - Isaac Boxx Ph.D. This year‘s winners in the various Dr. Michael Stöhr categories are listed below. Institute of Combustion Technology - Dr. Reinold Braun Dr. Maik Fröhlich Andrea Ebach-Stahl Institute of Materials Research - Dr. Nicolas Gebert Microwaves and Radar Institute

DLR Senior Scientists

- Adj. Prof. Jürgen Horbach Institute of Materials Physics in Space - Adj. Prof. Ruth Hemmersbach Institute of Aerospace Medicine

DLR Research Semester

- Dr. Anko Börner Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics - Susanne Gebhard Institute of Materials Research - Dr. Dirk Giggenbach Institute of Communications and Navigation - Claus Heuwinkel Institute of Propulsion Technology - Dr. Rainer Schnell Institute of Propulsion Technology - Dr. Arne Seitz Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology - Prof. Helmut Süß Microwaves and Radar Institute

92 Economic Development > Commendations and Awards

DLR Quality Prize Selection of external awards in 2010

- Katja Rosenthal, quality representative Award Prize winner for the Institute of Flight Guidance in E.ON Research Award Wolf-Dieter Steinmann Braunschweig Albrecht-Ludwig Berblinger Prize Dr. Mathias Basner - Dr. Rolf-Dieter Fischer, head of Tech- nology Marketing and site manager for Amelia Earhart Prize Zonta Club Braunschweig Kerstin Claudie Huber Cologne and Bonn 2010 OWL Transfer Prize Dr. Hans Peter Monner - Silvia Offermann, EFQM representative and M. Pohl for Administrative Infrastructure European Satellite Navigation Competition 2010; Dr. Volker Tank et al. GNSS Living Lab Prize Prizes awarded by the Society of Research Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Prof. Jeffrey Trinkle Friends of DLR (SoF) State medal, Bavarian Ministry of Economics Prof. Gerd Hirzinger Otto Lilienthal Research Semester Honorary Research Associate, Victoria University Adj. Prof. Martin - Prof. Lars Enghardt of Wellington Schmücker Research goal: new approaches in the Karl Doetsch Young Scientist Prize Jona Siebert field of turbomachinery broadband noise

Fritz Rudorf Prize - Robert Borrmann and Steffen Bäsig School_Lab Prize Launching the ATI organisational devel- - 2010 advanced physics class (Abitur) at opment project the Martin-Butzer-Gymnasium Dierdorf - Rolf Werninghaus for their project on capacitors in zero Project manager on various major gravity – the behaviour of two capacitor projects in the field of Earth observation plates in zero gravity

Innovation Prize Funded prize: Franz-Xaver Erlacher Prize to promote young scientists - Team comprising Dr. Christian Sattler, Dr. Christian Jung and Dr. Ralf Olwig - Dennis Stich, Institute of Atmospheric working on the solar water treatment Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen plant project for DLR Lampoldshausen

Hugo Denkmeier Prize - Dr. David Rival (youngest doctoral candidate) Subject: Development, Control and Recovery of Leading- and Trailing-Edge Vortices in Tandem-Airfoil Configurations

Chairman‘s Prize - Andreas Baumann (youngest patent applicant), subject: device for docking to a satellite

93 94 FACTS & FIGURES

95 Members and Committees

As of 30.06.2011, DLR had 46 spon- soring members in addition to hon- Sponsoring Members orary members, scientific members, and ex officio members. (Public entities that regularly give at least Euro 50,000 annually) - Federal Republic of Germany, repre- Ex Officio Members sented by the Federal Minister of Eco- nomics and Technology, Berlin - Prof. Manfred Aigner, Stuttgart - State of Baden-Württemberg, repre- - Dr. Reinhold Busen, Oberpfaffenhofen sented by the Baden-Württemberg Minister of Finance and Economics, - Uwe Baust, Düsseldorf Stuttgart - Jürgen Breitkopf, Munich - The Free State of Bavaria, represented - Prof. Hans-Jörg Bullinger, Munich by the Bavarian State Minister of Eco- - Bernhard Conrad, Hamburg nomic Affairs, Infrastructure, Transport - Marco R. Fuchs, Bremen and Technology, Munich - Prof. Ursula Gather, Dortmund - State of Berlin, represented by the Senator for Education, Science and - Rainer Götting, Heidelberg Research for the State of Berlin, Berlin - Prof. Michael Grewing, France - State of Bremen, represented by the - Dr. Gerd Gruppe, Bonn Senator for Education and Science, - Prof. Peter Gruss, Munich Bremen - Klaus Hamacher, Cologne - State of Lower Saxony, represented by - Prof. Rolf Henke, Cologne the Lower Saxony Minister for Science and Culture, Hanover - Prof. Gerd Jäger, Essen - State of North Rhine-Westphalia, repre- - Prof. Matthias Kleiner, Bonn sented by the Minister for Innovation, - Prof. Jürgen Klenner, Bremen Science, Research and Technology for - Prof. Uwe Klingauf, Darmstadt the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf - Dr. Reinhold Lutz, North America - Dr. Rainer Martens, Munich (Natural persons, legal persons, - Peter-Michael Nast, Stuttgart societies and associations with no - Prof. Christiane Schmullius, Jena legal capacity) - Prof. Stephan Staudacher, Stuttgart - Aerodata AG, Braunschweig - Prof. Ulrich Wagner, Cologne - AIR LIQUIDE Deutschland GmbH, Düsseldorf - Dr. Gerardo Walle, Überlingen - ALSTOM Power Systems GmbH, - Prof. Johann-Dietrich Wörner, Cologne Mannheim - Prof. Gunter Zimmermeyer, Berlin - AOPA-Germany, Verband der Allgemeinen Luftfahrt e. V., Egelsbach - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Verkehrsflughäfen (ADV, German Airports Association), Berlin - Robert Bosch GmbH, Berlin - BP Europa SE, Hamburg

96 Facts & Figures

- Bundesverband der Deutschen Luft- und - OHB-System AG, space technology and Raumfahrtindustrie e. V. (BDLI, German environmental technology, Bremen Scientific Members Aerospace Industries Association), Berlin - RheinEnergie AG, Cologne - Prof. Philipp Hartl, Munich - CAE Elektronik GmbH, Stolberg - Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH, - Prof. Hans Hornung, Pasadena, - CAM Systems GmbH, Munich Bremen California/USA - Carl-Cranz-Gesellschaft e. V., - Röder Präzision GmbH, Egelsbach - Prof. Joachim E. Trümper, Garching Wessling/Obb. - Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG, - Commerzbank AG, Großkundencenter Cologne Region West, Düsseldorf - Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd. & Co. KG, - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Dahlewitz Executive Board Raumfahrt – Lilienthal Oberth e. V. - RUAG Aerospace Deutschland GmbH, (DGLR, German Society for Aeronautics Wessling (As of 30.06.2011) and Astronautics), Bonn - Siemens AG, Munich - Prof. Johann-Dietrich Wörner - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ortung und - Snecma Groupe SAFRAN, France (Chairman) Navigation e. V. (DGON, German Insti- - Klaus Hamacher (Deputy Chairman) tute of Navigation), Bonn - Stadt Braunschweig, Braunschweig - Prof. Rolf Henke - DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, - Tesat-Spacecom GmbH & Co. KG, Langen Backnang - Dr. Gerd Gruppe - Diehl Aerospace GmbH, Überlingen - Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg - Prof. Ulrich Wagner - Diehl Defence Holding GmbH, - ZF Luftfahrttechnik GmbH, Calden Überlingen - Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen - EADS Deutschland GmbH, Munich - ESG Elektroniksystem und Logistik Honorary Members GmbH, Fürstenfeldbruck - The Honorable Daniel Saul Goldin, - Fraport AG, Frankfurt/Main Washington - GAF AG, Munich - Prof. Walter Kröll, Marburg - Gemeinde Weßling (local authority), - Prof. Reimar Lüst, Hamburg Wessling/Obb. - Jean Sollier, Rueil-Malmaison, France - HDI-Gerling Industrie Versicherungs - Prof. Gerhard Zeidler, Stuttgart AG, Hanover - Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft mbH (IABG), Ottobrunn - Kayser-Threde GmbH, Munich - KUKA Laboratories GmbH, Augsburg - LIEBHERR-AEROSPACE LINDENBERG GmbH, Lindenberg - Lufthansa Technik AG, Hamburg - MST Aerospace GmbH, Cologne - MT Aerospace AG, Augsburg - MTU Aero Engines GmbH, Munich - Nord-Micro Elektronik AG & Co. OHG, Frankfurt/Main

97 Senate Senate Committee

As of 30.06.2011 the following per- From the economics As of 30.06.2011 the senate commit- sons were members of the senate: and industrial sector tee comprised six members from the - Uwe Baust scientific sector, six members from the economics and industrial sector, From the scientific sector - Jürgen Breitkopf and six members from the state sector. - Prof. Manfred Aigner - Bernhard Conrad - Prof. Hans-Jörg Bullinger - Marco R. Fuchs (Deputy Chairman) From the scientific sector ex officio - Rainer Götting - Dr. Martin Bruse - Dr. Reinhold Busen - Prof. Gerd Jäger - Prof. Klaus Drechsler - Prof. Ursula Gather - Prof. Jürgen Klenner - Prof. Ursula Gather (Chairwoman) (Deputy Chairwoman) - Dr. Reinhold Lutz - Prof. Reinhard Niehuis - Prof. Michael Grewing - Dr. Rainer Martens - Prof. Heinz Voggenreiter - Prof. Peter Gruss ex officio - Dr. Gerardo Walle - Prof. Gebhard Wulfhorst - Prof. Matthias Kleiner ex officio - Prof. Gunter Zimmermeyer - Prof. Uwe Klingauf From the sector of economics - Peter-Michael Nast From the State sector and industry - Prof. Christiane Schmullius - Under Secretary Erwin Bernhard - Christa Fuchs - Prof. Stephan Staudacher - Secretary of State Helmut Dockter - Prof. Jürgen Leohold - Under Secretary Dr. Thomas Gerhardt - Georg Rayczyk (Deputy Chairman) - VLR I Michael Häusler - Dr. Artur Redeker - Secretary of State Jochen Homann - Dr. Helmut Richter (Chairman) - Berry Smutny - Secretary of State Dr. Josef Lange - Under Secretary Dr. Ronald Mertz From the State sector (with voting rights in 2011) - Secretary of State Dr. Knut Nevermann - Under Secretary Helge Engelhard - Privy Counsellor Carl Othmer - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary - Ministerial Director Gerold Reichle Rainer Krug - Ulrich Schüller - Senate Counsellor Bernd Lietzau - Chief Deputy Assistant Under Secretary (without voting rights in 2011) Peter Mendler - Under Secretary Günther Leßnerkraus - Under Secretary Dr. Dietrich Nelle - Josef Schiller

(without voting rights in 2011) - Dr. Walter Dörhage - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Ronald Else - VLR I Michael Häusler - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Dr. Axel Kollatschny - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Dietmar Schneyer - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Dr. Ulrich Steger

98 Facts & Figures

Space Committee Scientific and

(As of 30.06.2011) Technical Council - Dr. Sven Halldorn Federal Ministry of Economics and Members of the Scientific-Technical Technology Council (As of 30.06.2011) - Under Secretary Dr. Dietrich Nelle - Prof. Stefan Schlechtriem Federal Ministry of Education and Institute of Space Propulsion Research - Prof. Felix Huber (Deputy Chairman) - VLR I Michael Häusler Space Operations and Astronaut Training Federal Foreign Office - Prof. Dirk Kügler - Under Secretary Dr. Werner Kloos Institute of Flight Guidance Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture - Prof. Andreas Dillmann and Consumer Protection Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow - Under Secretary Gerold Reichle Technology Federal Ministry of Transport, Building - Prof. Karsten Lemmer and Urban Development Institute of Transportation Systems - Under Secretary Norbert Weber - Prof. Martin Wiedemann Federal Ministry of Defence Institute of Composite Structures and - Under Secretary Dr. Peter Müller Adaptive Systems Federal Ministry for the Environment, - Dr. Marina Braun-Unkhoff Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Institute of Combustion Technology - Under Secretary Dr. Gabriel Kühne - Dr. Joachim Götz Federal Ministry of Finance Institute of Flight Systems - RegDir Frank Wetzel - Frank Kocian Industrial Policy, German Chancellery Institute of Structures and Design - Ministerial Director Beate Lohmann - Florian Piekert Federal Ministry of the Interior Institute of Flight Guidance - Dr. Thomas Holzer-Popp (Chairman) German Remote Sensing Data Center - Dr. Stephan Ulamec Space Operations and Astronaut Training

99 Affliates and Joint Ventures

DLR Joint Ventures Gesellschaft mit German-Dutch Wind Tunnels beschränkter Haftung (DLR Joint (DNW) Foundation, Noordoostpolder/ Ventures Limited Liability Company), The Netherlands Bonn 50% 100% DLR established this foundation as a The purpose of this company is partici- non-profit organisation on an equal-share pation in European Economic Interest basis with its Dutch partner organisation, Groupings (EEIGs) within the framework NLR. Its remit is to operate, maintain and of the statutory tasks of the German continue to develop the foundation‘s own Aerospace Center. The company holds low-speed wind tunnel in Noordoostpol- interests in the European Project Man- der, as well as wind tunnels owned by agement Agency EDCTP-EEIG and AT-One DLR and NLR. EWIV, an enterprise founded in 2007 to www.dnw.aero support and organise the collaboration between DLR and NLR in the field of air European Transonic Windtunnel traffic management. GmbH (ETW) (European Transonic Wind Tunnels), Cologne DLR Gesellschaft für Raumfahrtan- 31% wendungen (GfR) mbH (DLR Institute ETW, the European Transonic Wind Tun- of Space Applications), Wessling nel, built and operated by four nations, 100% Germany, France, the United Kingdom The purpose of the company is the and the Netherlands, is the most mod- provision of services relating to space ern wind tunnel anywhere in the world. applications. The ETW will be used to test and opti- mise new aircraft designs using scale DLR GfR mbH, together with Italian models under realistic flight conditions. company Telespazio S.p.A., has a 50% The knowledge gained will play a deci- stake in the founding of spaceopal GmbH, sive role in the success of the aircraft based in Munich. The main function of project. the company - subject to the award of www.etw.de contract by ESA - is the management of operations of the European satellite nav- TeleOp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter igation system Galileo, including the Haftung (TeleOp Limited Liability two control centers in Fucino (Italy) and Company), Wessling Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany). 25% This company was founded in collabo- ration with T-Systems, EADS and LfA Förderbank Bavaria. Its remit is to con- duct negotiations within the framework of the GALILEO project, as required to meet the objective of obtaining an inter- est in the construction and operation of the European satellite navigation pro- gramme, GALILEO. www.teleop.de

100 Facts & Figures

Anwendungszentrum GmbH WPX Faserkeramik GmbH Innovationszentrum für Mobilität Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling (WPX Fibre Ceramics), Cologne und gesellschaftlichen Wandel 25% 10% (InnoZ) GmbH (Innovation Centre for Mobility and Demographic Change), The Incubation Center was established WPX Faserkeramik GmbH is a start-up Berlin as a public-private partnership and re- company ensuing from the DLR Institute ceived start-up funding until the end of of Materials Research, which is built 9.8% 2009 from funds provided by High-Tech- upon DLR expertise in structural materi- InnoZ researches the complex interac- Offensive Bavaria. Since the launch of als. The purpose of the company is to tions at the interface between mobility this start-up and relocation incubator, provide product development, sales and and social change, developing innovative which was initially funded by DLR alone, service for the technical applications of solutions to newly arisen challenges faced over fifty companies from the field of WHIPOX – DLR technology. by players in the transport and infra- satellite navigation have either passed www.whipox.com structure sector. To this end, InnoZ com- through its gates or settled permanently bines a wide range of interdisciplinary at the Oberpfaffenhofen site. DUALIS MedTech GmbH, Bernried skills under one roof. Sociological, geo- www.anwendungszentrum.de 10% graphical and economic expertise has equal weight to the practical perspec- DUALIS MedTech develops, produces Europäische Akademie zur Erfor- tives of the transport economy. and markets novel medical implants for schung von Folgen wissenschaftlich- www.innoz.de patients with severe heart conditions. technischer Entwicklungen (Euro- The central product is the DUALIS-VAD pean Academy for Research on the ZTG Zentrum für Telematik im Ge- implantable heart support system with Consequences of Scientific and Tech- sundheitswesen GmbH (Competence the DUALIS-TET wireless energy transfer nological Advances) Bad Neuenahr- Centre for Healthcare Telematics), system. The technology is based upon Ahrweiler GmbH, Krefeld technology from the Institute of Robot- Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler ics and Mechatronics, DLR Oberpfaffen- 6% 25% hofen. The aim of the competence center is The European Academy deals with the www.dualis-medtech.de to introduce, develop and disseminate scientific study and evaluation of the modern information and communica- consequences of scientific and techno- Zentrum für Angewandte Luftfahrt- tions technology within the healthcare logical advances for individuals and forschung GmbH (Centre for Applied sector. Major focus areas include the society, as well as for the natural envi- Aeronautics Research), Hamburg provision of unbiased advice and Project ronment. The main focus is on the ex- 10% Management services for customers from amination processes that are influenced industry and healthcare, implementing The purpose of the company is to pro- by the natural and engineering sciences interoperable solutions to facilitate inte- mote applied aeronautics research at the and medical disciplines. As an independ- grated provision and promoting of Hamburg site. The company is tasked ent scientific institution, the European knowledge transfer between the health- with contributing to developing the re- Academy pursues a dialogue with the care sector, science, politics and the search infrastructure, combining existing world of economy, politics and society wider economy. research skills, improving collaboration at large. The state of the Rhineland-Pa- www.ztg-nrw.de between the industrial sector, suppliers, latinate is also a shareholder. large-scale research facilities and the sci- www.europaeische-akademie-aw.de entific community and implementing a stronger national and international net- ZFB Zentrum für Flugsimulation work. (Centre for Flight Simulation) www.zal-gmbh.de Berlin GmbH, Berlin 16.67% The purpose of this company is to provide flight simulators, in particular for research and education purposes, for applied re- search in the fields of flight control and flight management, system simulation and manipulation, and associated areas of technology, instruction and training for aerospace engineers and training for flight crews. www.zfb-berlin.de

101 Compilation of Performance Indicators

Third-party funding 2008 2009 2010

Total third-party revenue € 308 m € 381 m € 401 m

Revenue growth in comparison to 11% 12% -6% previous year, commercial revenue from domestic R&D activity Proportion of revenue from third- 51% 49% 54% party sources Proportion of revenue from for- 21% 25% 24% eign clients (volume of revenue) Success rate of EU proposals 46% 37% 36% over the last three years (accepted/submitted) Revenue from EU funding € 19.7 m € 21.7 m € 22.6 m

Ratio of EU projects as coordinator 14% 22% 22% vs. all projects

Research-related results 2008 2009 2010

Publications in peer-reviewed 442 577 654 journals Peer-reviewed publications in 593 460 563 proceedings, books etc. Presentations for scientific conferences, 0.55 0.55 0.51 workshops and lectures* Appointments to universities 12 13 14

Lectureships 248 244 296

Diploma theses 384 396 487

PhD theses 94 105 85

Postdoctoral qualifications 2 4 1

* per scientific associate engaged by the institutes and facilities

Technology Marketing 2008 2009 2010

Revenue from licenses € 3.9 m € 3.9 m € 4.2 m

Start-up companies 2 2 2

New in-house technology transfer 8 11 14 projects Investment in technology transfer € 3.5 m € 2.8 m € 4.0 m projects

102 Use of Funds Drittmittel nach Herkunft 2010

Gesamtsumme 401 Mio. Euro Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro Drittmittel nach Institutionelle Förderung 2010*

Ausländische Gesamtsumme 334 Mio. Euro 28 Inländische OverallWirtschafts- revenue 2010 Management instruments 2008 2009 2010 staatliche Raumfahrt unternehmen Luftfahrt Total project work 72.8% 73.1% 73.5% Total 745 million euros* All figures inInstitutionen million euros Inländische 85 Quality management 2008 2009 2010 Wirtschafts- 154 unternehmen 206** Existing certifications and accredi- 25 28 30 tations AeronauticsÜbernationale205 308 Space Number of DLR auditors 15 10 11 Organisationen Ausländische 129 64* staatliche Implementation of audits 32% 38% 49% Andere 12 6 Organisationen 20 externeTransport Erträge43 National and European net- 2008 2009 2010 31 Energie works Energy 53 77 Other revenues 23 36 Verkehr DFG participations 33 34 38 * davon: ESA 40, EU 23, sonstige 1 ** davon: nationale staatl. Institutionen 125, Projektträgerschaft 59, Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro Sponsorship agreements 49 41 32 sonstige FuE-DrittmittelSpace Administration 22 Project sponsorships * einschl. zugeordnete Investitionen, ohne HGF Fonds und ETW Quelle: FC-CO; M. Klein; 2012 Gesamtfinanzierung International collaboration 2008 2009 2010 * Economic stimulus package II in third party funding included International visiting scientists* 7.9% 3.3% 3.0% Third-party funding related to origin 2010 Institutional Funding 2010* * staying > 1 month referenced to scientific associates in institutes Personnel 2008 2009 2010 Total 401 million euros All data in million euros Total 334 million euros All data in million euros

Employees 5,880 6,485 6,832 Foreign 28 German Scientific associates (total) 3,295 3,677 3,913 commercial public enterprises Scientific associates 3,076 3,140 institutions Space engaged by institutes and facilities German 85 Aeronautics 129 Permanent/fixed-term contracts 3,148/2,732 3,229/3,256 3,313/3,519 commercial 206** Published by Deutsches Zentrum enterprises 154 für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Proportion of women in the Helmholtz Association - total 30% 30% 30% Supranational German Aerospace Center organisations - in management positions 14% 14% 14% Address Linder Höhe 64* Foreign public Transport 31 D-51147 Cologne -  scientific associates 16% 17% 13% institutions Other 12 6 20 Energy Editor Strategy and Alliances New talent 2008 2009 2010 external revenue Design CD Werbeagentur GmbH, Troisdorf Young scientists 86 63 55 * including: ESA 40, EU 23, other 1 * witout other revenue Printing Druckerei Thierbach GmbH, Doctoral candidates (internal/external) 670 734 763 ** including: national public institutions 125, project sponsorship 59, Mülheim/Ruhr other r&B third-party funding 22 Paper Printed on: Trainees 252 252 247 Contents – Circle matt white, 100% recycled, Blue Angel HR development and mobility 2008 2009 2010 certified with the EU Ecolabel Press date Cologne, January 2012 Training days per employee 1.8 2.1 2.2 Reporting period 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 Mentoring pairs 8 8 11

Data status As at 31 December 2010 Assignments abroad (months) 545 487 531 Reproduction in whole or in part or any other use is subject to prior permission from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). www.DLR.de/en/ 103 104 Use of Funds Drittmittel nach Herkunft 2010

Gesamtsumme 401 Mio. Euro Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro Drittmittel nach Institutionelle Förderung 2010*

Ausländische Gesamtsumme 334 Mio. Euro 28 Inländische OverallWirtschafts- revenue 2010 Management instruments 2008 2009 2010 staatliche Raumfahrt unternehmen Luftfahrt Total project work 72.8% 73.1% 73.5% Total 745 million euros* All figures inInstitutionen million euros Inländische 85 Quality management 2008 2009 2010 Wirtschafts- 154 unternehmen 206** Existing certifications and accredi- 25 28 30 tations AeronauticsÜbernationale205 308 Space Number of DLR auditors 15 10 11 Organisationen Ausländische 129 64* staatliche Implementation of audits 32% 38% 49% Andere 12 6 Organisationen 20 externeTransport Erträge43 National and European net- 2008 2009 2010 31 Energie works Energy 53 77 Other revenues 23 36 Verkehr DFG participations 33 34 38 * davon: ESA 40, EU 23, sonstige 1 ** davon: nationale staatl. Institutionen 125, Projektträgerschaft 59, Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro Sponsorship agreements 49 41 32 sonstige FuE-DrittmittelSpace Administration 22 Project sponsorships * einschl. zugeordnete Investitionen, ohne HGF Fonds und ETW Quelle: FC-CO; M. Klein; 2012 Gesamtfinanzierung International collaboration 2008 2009 2010 * Economic stimulus package II in third party funding included International visiting scientists* 7.9% 3.3% 3.0% Third-party funding related to origin 2010 Institutional Funding 2010* * staying > 1 month referenced to scientific associates in institutes Personnel 2008 2009 2010 Total 401 million euros All data in million euros Total 334 million euros All data in million euros

Employees 5,880 6,485 6,832 Foreign 28 German Scientific associates (total) 3,295 3,677 3,913 commercial public enterprises Scientific associates 3,076 3,140 institutions Space engaged by institutes and facilities German 85 Aeronautics 129 Permanent/fixed-term contracts 3,148/2,732 3,229/3,256 3,313/3,519 commercial 206** Published by Deutsches Zentrum enterprises 154 für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Proportion of women in the Helmholtz Association - total 30% 30% 30% Supranational German Aerospace Center organisations - in management positions 14% 14% 14% Address Linder Höhe 64* Foreign public Transport 31 D-51147 Cologne -  scientific associates 16% 17% 13% institutions Other 12 6 20 Energy Editor Strategy and Alliances New talent 2008 2009 2010 external revenue Design CD Werbeagentur GmbH, Troisdorf Young scientists 86 63 55 * including: ESA 40, EU 23, other 1 * witout other revenue Printing Druckerei Thierbach GmbH, Doctoral candidates (internal/external) 670 734 763 ** including: national public institutions 125, project sponsorship 59, Mülheim/Ruhr other r&B third-party funding 22 Paper Printed on: Trainees 252 252 247 Contents – Circle matt white, 100% recycled, Blue Angel HR development and mobility 2008 2009 2010 certified with the EU Ecolabel Press date Cologne, January 2012 Training days per employee 1.8 2.1 2.2 Reporting period 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 Mentoring pairs 8 8 11

Data status As at 31 December 2010 Assignments abroad (months) 545 487 531 Reproduction in whole or in part or any other use is subject to prior permission from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). www.DLR.de/en/ 103 104 AutoOpti C COPUOS COSPAR ERANet 2 BMVBS ACARE List ofAbbreviations A BMWi BMVg DGUV EFQM BMBF AirTN ECTRI ATRA COST DNW CNES EERA EREA CCRS CATS AFRL ECSS CFRP 2 CIRA ATM BOS AIM DFG AEB CSA CAE DLR CFD DFS CoE CSP DIN S EEE ATI 2 AI E security) and organisationsresponsible for Sicherheitsaufgaben (authorities Behörden undOrganisationenmit and Research Federal MinistryofEducation Air Transport Net and Technology Federal MinistryofEconomics Federal MinistryofDefence Building andUrbanDevelopment Federal MinistryofTransport, Automatic Optimizer Aircraft Advanced Technology Research Air Traffic Management Infrastructure Administrative andTechnical Mobility Application PlatformforIntelligent Administrative Infrastructure Air Force Research Laboratory Agência EspacialBrasileira German InstituteforStandardisation Canada Centre forRemoteSensing Research inEurope Advisory CouncilforAeronautical Research Institutes European Conference ofTransport Standardization European Cooperationfor Space TunnelsGerman-Dutch Wind German Aerospace Center Accident Insurance) Unfallversicherung (GermanSocial Deutsche Gesetzliche (German airtraffic control) Deutsche Flugsicherung German Research Foundation Concentrated SolarPower Canadian SpaceAgency Committee onSpaceResearch Peaceful UsesofOuterSpace United NationsCommitteeonthe Center ofExcellence Centre Nationald‘ÉtudesSpatiales Centro ItalianoRicerche Aerospaziali Computational FluidDynamics System Climate-compatible AirTransport Chinese Aeronautical Establishment AeroSpace ScienceandEngineering Center forComputerApplicationsin electromagnetic components Electronic, electricaland and Technology European CooperationinScience Carbon fibre reinforced plastic European EnergyResearch Alliance Management European FoundationforQuality Establishments inAeronautics Association ofEuropean Research European Research Area Network

KazCosmos eROSITA EUREKA LamAiR iGREEN FCH-JTI ESTEC LIDAR GMES ESRIN ESOC JAXA IAQG GATE LuFO ICAO IBMP ESCC IABG GQA INTA ETW SME JCM HGF FAA R&T ESA GTP GPS FHS GfR SoF ISO ESF INS GIS ILA IAF FM CIP EU European SpaceAgency an ImagingTelescope Array extended ROentgenSurveywith Programme German Aeronautics Research Light DetectionandRanging Laminar Aircraft Research Continual improvement process Small andmedium-sizedenterprises Republic ofKazakhstan National SpaceAgencyofthe Joint CommitteeMeeting Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Standardization Organizationfor International Aeroespacial Instituto NacionaldeTécnica Standards Innovation withNormsand aerospaceInternational exhibition integrated Green Aircraft Organization CivilAviation International Institute ofBiomedicalProblems Group Aerospace International Quality AstronauticalInternational Federation industry) organisation fortheaeronautics a centralanalysisandtesting (industrial plantoperatingcompany, Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Research Centers Helmholtz AssociationofGerman (GvF inGerman) Society ofFriendsDLR German Trainee Programme in OccupationalSafetyandHealth) Arbeitsschutz (SocietyforQuality Gesellschaft fürQualitätim Global PositioningSystem and Security Global MonitoringforEnvironment Geographic informationsystem Space Applications) (DLR Instituteof anwendungen Gesellschaft fürRaumfahrt­ environment Galileo testanddevelopment Flying HelicopterSimulator Facility Management Technology Initiative Fuel CellandHydrogen Joint Research andTechnology Federal Aviation Administration Agency European Research Coordination European Union GmbH European Transonic Windtunnel Technology Centre European SpaceResearch and European SpaceResearch Institute European SpaceOperationsCentre European ScienceFoundation Coordination European SpaceComponents

ROSCOSMOS UN-SPIDER TanDEM-X SOLHYCO UNOOSA N.ERGHY UNESCO SET-Plan VECTOR SHEFEX ONERA UNCCD PT-DLR TEXUS TRACE SESAR NOAA RWTH SOFIA NASA TAMS NREL MRO PT-LF TWG MoU STTP VDSI RMC UAV PMP NGT SAR NLR QM NLF SES Ma ZKI UN HR TI Information DLR CenterforSatelliteBasedCrisis United Nations Vehicle Technologies ScenarioModel German SafetyEngineers) ingenieure e.V. (Associationof Verband deutscherSicherheits­ Response Management andEmergency based InformationforDisaster United NationsPlatformforSpace- Space Affairs United NationsOffice for Outer Scientific andCulturalOrganization United NationsEducational, Combat Desertification United NationsConventionto Unmanned AerialVehicle Transsonic windtunnelinGöttingen Environment Aerodynamic Computational Turbo machineryResearch Technical Infrastructure weightless conditions Technological experimentsunder Elevation Measurement TerraSAR-X add-onforDigital Total AirportManagementSuite Plan Strategic Transport andTechnology Cogeneration Plants Solar-Hybrid Powerand Infrared Astronomy Stratosphere Observatoryfor Sharp EdgeFlightExperiment Strategic EnergyTechnology Plan Single European SkyATM Research Single European Sky Synthetic Aperture Radar AachenUniversity RWTH Russian FederalSpaceAgency Center DLR RoboticsandMechatronics Quality Management Aeronautics Research Project ManagementAgencyfor DLR Project ManagementAgency Project ManagementProfessional Human Resources Recherches Aérospatiales Office Nationald‘Étudesetde Laboratory National RenewableEnergy Administration National OceanicandAtmospheric Ruimtevaartlaboratorium Nationaal Lucht-en Natural LaminarFlow Next GenerationTrain Administration National Aeronautics andSpace on FuelCellsandHydrogen New European Research Grouping Maintenance, RepairandOverhaul Memorandum ofUnderstanding Mach

FUB_2010-2011_english_01/12 Approximately 7000peopleare employedat16locationsinGer management agencyisalsopartofDLR. of Germaninterests. Furthermore, Germany’s largestproject representation aswellfortheinternational federal government implementation oftheGermanspaceprogramme bytheGerman DLR hasbeengivenresponsibility fortheforward planningandthe cooperativeventures.and international AsGermany’s spaceagency, Space, Energy, Transport andSecurityisintegratedintonational space. Itsextensiveresearch anddevelopmentworkinAeronautics, DLR isGermany’s nationalresearch centre foraeronautics and DLR ataglance its fieldcentres. andisadriving forcevices togovernment, inthelocalregions of the nextgenerationofscientists,provides competentadvisoryser as aserviceprovider foritsclientsandpartners.Italsopromotes operates large-scaleresearch facilitiesforDLR’s ownprojects and enhancing Germany’s industrialandtechnologicalreputation. DLR utes thescientificandtechnicalknow-howthatithasgainedto the developmentoftomorrow’s products. InthatwayDLRcontrib- and security. DLR’s research portfoliorangesfrom basicresearch to friendly technologies,andforpromoting mobility, communication, System, research forprotecting theenvironment, forenvironment- DLR’s missioncomprisestheexplorationofEarthandSolar DLR alsooperatesoffices inBrussels,Paris,andWashington D.C. Neustrelitz, Oberpfaffenhofen, Stade,Stuttgart,Trauen, andWeilheim. weig, Bremen, Goettingen,Hamburg,Juelich,Lampoldshausen, many: Cologne(headquarters),Augsburg,Berlin,Bonn,Braunsch- www.DLR.de/en/ D-51147 Cologne Linder Höhe Strategy andInternationalRelations - -

DLR Research and Economic Development 2010/2011

Annual Report 20 Development and Economic Research 1 0/20 1 1 AutoOpti C COPUOS COSPAR ERANet 2 BMVBS ACARE List ofAbbreviations A DGUV BMWi BMVg EFQM BMBF AirTN ECTRI ATRA COST DNW EREA EERA CNES CCRS CATS AFRL ECSS CFRP 2 CIRA ATM BOS DFG AIM CSA CAE AEB DLR CFD DFS CoE CSP DIN EEE S ATI 2 AI E Establishments inAeronautics Association ofEuropean Research European Research Area Network Management European FoundationforQuality European EnergyResearch Alliance electromagnetic components Electronic, electricaland Research Institutes European Conference ofTransport Standardization European Cooperationfor Space TunnelsGerman-Dutch Wind German Aerospace Center German InstituteforStandardisation Accident Insurance) Unfallversicherung (GermanSocial Deutsche Gesetzliche (German airtraffic control) Deutsche Flugsicherung German Research Foundation Concentrated SolarPower Canadian SpaceAgency and Technology European CooperationinScience Committee onSpaceResearch Peaceful UsesofOuterSpace United NationsCommitteeonthe Center ofExcellence Centre Nationald‘ÉtudesSpatiales Centro ItalianoRicerche Aerospaziali Carbon fibre reinforced plastic Computational FluidDynamics Canada Centre forRemoteSensing System Climate-compatible AirTransport Chinese Aeronautical Establishment AeroSpace ScienceandEngineering Center forComputerApplicationsin security) and organisationsresponsible for Sicherheitsaufgaben (authorities Behörden undOrganisationenmit and Technology Federal MinistryofEconomics Federal MinistryofDefence Building andUrbanDevelopment Federal MinistryofTransport, and Research Federal MinistryofEducation Automatic Optimizer Aircraft Advanced Technology Research Air Traffic Management Infrastructure Administrative andTechnical Air Transport Net Mobility Application PlatformforIntelligent Administrative Infrastructure Air Force Research Laboratory Agência EspacialBrasileira Research inEurope Advisory CouncilforAeronautical

KazCosmos eROSITA EUREKA LamAiR iGREEN FCH-JTI ESTEC LIDAR GMES ESRIN ESOC JAXA IAQG GATE LuFO ICAO IBMP ESCC IABG GQA INTA ETW SME JCM HGF FAA R&T GTP GPS ESA FHS GfR SoF ISO ESF INS GIS ILA IAF FM CIP EU Programme German Aeronautics Research Light DetectionandRanging Laminar Aircraft Research Continual improvement process Small andmedium-sizedenterprises Republic ofKazakhstan National SpaceAgencyofthe Joint CommitteeMeeting Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Standardization Organizationfor International Aeroespacial Instituto NacionaldeTécnica Standards Innovation withNormsand aerospaceInternational exhibition integrated Green Aircraft Organization CivilAviation International Institute ofBiomedicalProblems Group Aerospace International Quality AstronauticalInternational Federation industry) organisation fortheaeronautics a centralanalysisandtesting (industrial plantoperatingcompany, Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Research Centers Helmholtz AssociationofGerman (GvF inGerman) Society ofFriendsDLR German Trainee Programme in OccupationalSafetyandHealth) Arbeitsschutz (SocietyforQuality Gesellschaft fürQualitätim Global PositioningSystem and Security Global MonitoringforEnvironment Geographic informationsystem Space Applications) (DLR Instituteof anwendungen Gesellschaft fürRaumfahrt­ environment Galileo testanddevelopment Flying HelicopterSimulator Facility Management Technology Initiative Fuel CellandHydrogen Joint Research andTechnology Federal Aviation Administration Agency European Research Coordination European Union GmbH European Transonic Windtunnel Technology Centre European SpaceResearch and European SpaceResearch Institute European SpaceOperationsCentre European ScienceFoundation Coordination European SpaceComponents European SpaceAgency an ImagingTelescope Array extended ROentgenSurveywith

ROSCOSMOS UN-SPIDER TanDEM-X SOLHYCO UNOOSA N.ERGHY UNESCO SET-Plan VECTOR SHEFEX ONERA UNCCD PT-DLR TEXUS TRACE SESAR NOAA RWTH SOFIA NASA TAMS NREL MRO PT-LF TWG MoU STTP VDSI RMC UAV PMP NGT SAR NLR QM NLF SES Ma ZKI UN HR TI Information DLR CenterforSatelliteBasedCrisis United Nations Vehicle Technologies ScenarioModel German SafetyEngineers) ingenieure e.V. (Associationof Verband deutscherSicherheits­ Response Management andEmergency based InformationforDisaster United NationsPlatformforSpace- Space Affairs United NationsOffice for Outer Scientific andCulturalOrganization United NationsEducational, Combat Desertification United NationsConventionto Unmanned AerialVehicle Transsonic windtunnelinGöttingen Environment Aerodynamic Computational Turbo machineryResearch Technical Infrastructure weightless conditions Technological experimentsunder Elevation Measurement TerraSAR-X add-onforDigital Total AirportManagementSuite Plan Strategic Transport andTechnology Cogeneration Plants Solar-Hybrid Powerand Infrared Astronomy Stratosphere Observatoryfor Sharp EdgeFlightExperiment Strategic EnergyTechnology Plan Single European SkyATM Research Single European Sky Synthetic Aperture Radar AachenUniversity RWTH Russian FederalSpaceAgency Center DLR RoboticsandMechatronics Quality Management Aeronautics Research Project ManagementAgencyfor DLR Project ManagementAgency Project ManagementProfessional Human Resources Recherches Aérospatiales Office Nationald‘Étudesetde Laboratory National RenewableEnergy Administration National OceanicandAtmospheric Ruimtevaartlaboratorium Nationaal Lucht-en Natural LaminarFlow Next GenerationTrain Administration National Aeronautics andSpace on FuelCellsandHydrogen New European Research Grouping Maintenance, RepairandOverhaul Memorandum ofUnderstanding Mach

FUB_2010-2011_english_01/12 its fieldcentres. andisadriving forcevices togovernment, inthelocalregions of the nextgenerationofscientists,provides competentadvisoryser as aserviceprovider foritsclientsandpartners.Italsopromotes operates large-scaleresearch facilitiesforDLR’s ownprojects and enhancing Germany’s industrialandtechnologicalreputation. DLR utes thescientificandtechnicalknow-howthatithasgainedto the developmentoftomorrow’s products. InthatwayDLRcontrib- and security. DLR’s research portfoliorangesfrom basicresearch to friendly technologies,andforpromoting mobility, communication, System, research forprotecting theenvironment, forenvironment- DLR’s missioncomprisestheexplorationofEarthandSolar DLR alsooperatesoffices inBrussels,Paris,andWashington D.C. Neustrelitz, Oberpfaffenhofen, Stade,Stuttgart,Trauen, andWeilheim. weig, Bremen, Goettingen,Hamburg,Juelich,Lampoldshausen, many: Cologne(headquarters),Augsburg,Berlin,Bonn,Braunsch- Approximately 7000peopleare employedat16locationsinGer management agencyisalsopartofDLR. of Germaninterests. Furthermore, Germany’s largestproject representation aswellfortheinternational federal government implementation oftheGermanspaceprogramme bytheGerman DLR hasbeengivenresponsibility fortheforward planningandthe cooperativeventures.and international AsGermany’s spaceagency, Space, Energy, Transport andSecurityisintegratedintonational space. Itsextensiveresearch anddevelopmentworkinAeronautics, DLR isGermany’s nationalresearch centre foraeronautics and DLR ataglance www.DLR.de/en/ D-51147 Cologne Linder Höhe Strategy andInternationalRelations - -

DLR Research and Economic Development 2010/2011

Annual Report 20 Development and Economic Research 1 0/20 1 1