48443-002: Hunan Xiangjiang River Watershed Existing Solid Waste

Home , Chenzhou, Guidong County, Guiyang County, Leiyang, Rucheng County, Suxian District

Environmental Impact Assessment

Addendum to Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 48443-002 September 2020

PRC: Hunan Xiangjiang River Watershed Existing Solid Waste Comprehensive Treatment Project (C-ZX01)

Prepared by: Hunan Provincial Government

For Contract Package No.: C-ZX01

This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Safeguards Addendum (Environment)

Project Number: 48443-002 September 2020

PRC: Hunan Xiangjiang River Watershed Existing Solid Waste Comprehensive Treatment Project

Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment on the Proposed Project Scope Change – additional capacity expansion of 900,000 m3 for the subproject of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site, Zixing landfill site transfer and upgrading contract package (Contract No.: C-ZX01)

Prepared by the Hunan Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank

This is an addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment originally posted in May 2018`available on https://www.adb.org/projects/48443-002/main#project-documents .

Map: Overview of project components

Study area

Map: Current status (the landfill centered @ 26° 0'57.45"N, 113°16'24.21"E)

Main problems: 1. Pollution from the existing dump site (groundwater, soil, LFG);

2. Sanitary landfill: (1) Insufficient capacity (450,000m3 remained vs 350,000m3 from existing dump site +200,000m3 input in 2020); (ii) Garbage dam stability; (iii) Leachatre treatment ineffective, no concentrated solution treatment; Luqiao River (iv)Inadequate LFG collection, no treatment; (v) Rainstorm drainage system blocked causing high volume of leachate

Note: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 2. Leachate regulating pool (with floating cover); 3. Leachate treatment workshop; 4. Existing waste dump site (Tangyilong); 5. Administration building; 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report

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Map: Design scheme (within the same watershed, with elevation data)

Main solutions: Elevation 141.8m 1) existing dump site (garbage excavated then transferred to adjacent sanitary landfill, leachate collection/ rainstorm drainage system, Elevation 171m ecological rehabilitation);

Sanitary landfill: (i) Capacity increased by 90,000m3 and planned to serve until 2027) which is the proposed scope change addressed in this report ; (ii) Garbage dam strengthened; (iii) Leachatre treatment capacity/technology improved and more tailored, with concentrated solution treatment; (iv)Supplment LFG collection with combustion treatment; (v) Rainstorm drainage system improved to reduce leachate generation

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... i 1. Report purpose, background, rationales and profiles of the propoed scope change . 1 1.1 Report purpose and scope ...... 1 1.2 Project background ...... 2 1.3 Rationales and profiles of scope change ...... 4 1.4 Updated related domestic environmental laws, regulations and standards ...... 7 1.5 Domestic EIA preparation and approval ...... 8 2. Project technical scheme (environmental concerns)...... 10 2.1 Status quo of existing waste dump ...... 10 2.2 Current problems ...... 16 2.3 Design options on pollution control ...... 19 2.4 Incorporate feedback from consultation and expert opinions into subproject design and domestic EIA ...... 40 2.5 Final design scheme (environmental concerns) ...... 48 3. Environmental impact and risk analysis ...... 72 3.1 Environmental impact identification ...... 72 3.2 Environmental sensitive receptors ...... 78 3.3 Baseline of ambient environment and sensitive receptors ...... 83 3.4 Environmental impact prediction ...... 97 3.5 Environmental mitigation measures ...... 103 3.6 Environmental risk analysis and risk management ...... 107 4 Environmental management and budget support ...... 113 4.1 Objectives ...... 113 4.2 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 113 4.3 Environment Monitoring Plan ...... 113 4.4 Reporting Requirements ...... 113 4.5 Implementation Arrangements ...... 113 4.6 EMP Performance Indicators ...... 114 4.7 Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment ...... 116 4.8 Environmental protection investment estimation ...... 116 5 Conclusions ...... 118

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Executive Summary

1. Project overview

The subproject in the proposed scope change is located in Tangyilong, Xingtang village, Xianghua Township, adjacent to the sanitary landfill of Zixing city. It is 10km away from Dongjiang River and covers an area of 12,000 m2. It is preliminarily estimated that the existing waste dump is about 350,000 m3, mainly domestic waste. The overall scheme of the subproject is as follows: the existing waste from the existing dump (volume at about 350,000 m3 and to be closed and restored under this subproject) is transferred to the neighboring operational sanitary landfill area for ecological restoration; the reserved area in the second phase of the first stage reservoir area of this sanitary landfill site is to be expanded, and rainwater and sewage diversion, landfill gas collection and transformation are carried out; the leachate treatment system is expanded, and the effluent scale of the leachate treatment system is 120m3 / d. Storage capacity and service life: after the completion of upgrading and reconstruction, the new storage capacity will be increased by 900,000 m3, and the total remaining capacity will reach 1.62 million m3. According to the prediction of domestic waste in Zixing City, it can be used until June 2027. After deducting the emergency storage capacity of about 250,000 m3, it can be landfilled to the end of 2025. For other subcomponents under this project remain unchanged and has been addressed in the original EIA dated May 2018. The environmental protection measures adopted in this subproject are proved to be feasible and reliable by the actual operation results of similar projects. As long as the management is strengthened and feasible new technologies are applied as far as possible, the effect of the subproject and the discharge of pollutants can be guaranteed. The total amount of pollutants produced by the ADB funded subproject will be incorporated in the management of existing sanitary landfill site. Without adding total amount, the environmental impact can be controlled within the allowable range of local environmental capacity and environmental function. The subproject is a comprehensive project integrating infrastructure, environmental sanitation and public welfare undertakings. The implementation of the subproject is conducive to improving the level of urban environmental sanitation, improving the quality of urban environment, creating a good living environment and promoting the sustainable development of the city. At the same time, the implementation of the subproject plays an important role in the prevention and control of various infectious diseases.

2. Environmental baseline status According to the monitoring results, the surface water environment of the subproject area in Zixing city slightly exceeds the standard in term of Hg, and other indicators meet the class III standard in GB3838-2002. According to the field survey, sampling analysis of monitoring units and regional environmental conditions, the excessive Hg in surface water may be mainly caused by the development of regional mineral resources and no evidence from anthropogenic sources was identified on basis of domestic EIA survey and the consultant’s field interview with the IA. According to the monitoring results, the groundwater in Zixing city meets the class III standard in the quality standard for groundwater (GB / T 14848-2017).The groundwater environment quality of Zixing project area is acceptable. According to the monitoring results, the ambient air in the subproject area conforms to the class II standard in the ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012) and the grade II new reconstruction and expansion standard in the emission standard for odor pollutants (GB14554-1993), and the ambient air quality in the subproject area is good. The sound environment of subproject area in Zixing city is in line with the class 2 standard in the environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008), and the sound environment quality of

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subproject area in Zixing city is good. The soil environmental quality near the site of Zixing municipal solid waste dump meets the second type of land screening value standard specified in the standard for soil pollution risk control of construction land (Trial) (GB 36600-2018). Zixing city is located in the southern subtropical region of the central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is mainly composed of pine forest, Chinese fir forest, Camellia oleifera forest, miscellaneous wood forest and Phyllostachys pubescens forest, with various vegetation types and flourishing growth. Most of the land used in the subproject area is wasteland or woodland, which has not been damaged. The existing animal and plant resources are rich and various, but they are basically common varieties, and there are no national and local key protected animals and plants.

3. Environmental impact analysis For Zixing City, the existing waste dump site waste is transferred to the adjacent sanitary landfill site. After the transfer of the existing waste dump, the anti-seepage system is laid as a new reservoir area of the sanitary landfill site. At the same time, the current treatment process of Zixing sanitary landfill site is ultrafiltration + nanofiltration leachate treatment system to improve the quality of leachate treatment system. Therefore, Zixing existing waste dump only has a certain negative impact on the surrounding environment during the construction process. After the treatment, it will be brought into the operation and management scope of the sanitary landfill site, which has a positive impact on the regional environment. a) Water environment impact The construction wastewater and domestic sewage are collected, treated and reused, which has little impact on the environment; during the operation period, the leachate is discharged up to the standard after being treated by the leachate treatment system upgraded from the sanitary landfill site, which has little impact on the environment. After taking corresponding measures, the risk of serious pollution of leachate to surrounding water environment is small. Therefore, the implementation of existing waste dump closure will have a positive impact on the surrounding water environment, which is conducive to the improvement and upgrading of regional water environment. To sum up, the waste water in the construction period will have little impact on the environment after being treated by the above measures. b) Atmospheric environmental impact The main atmospheric pollutants are NH3 and H2S. During the excavation process, the bare surface is controlled in a minimum range by reducing the amount of odor generated by reasonable planning and excavation procedures. The mobile surfaces are equipped with mobile spray cannon (spraying distance not less than 30m) and sprinkling and deodorant spraying, and at the same time, HDPE is used in the exposed area. After the membrane is covered temporarily, the odor intensity in the edge area of the working face can reach level 3, and the odor concentration of each protection target is less than level 2. The nearest distance of residential areas near the site is about 450m, and the odor has little impact on the sensitive targets. The closed dump truck is used for the transportation vehicles, so the fugitive emission of odor is very little, and the impact of vehicle exhaust gas on the ambient air is small after being diffused by the atmosphere. During the operation period, the landfill gas of Zixing sanitary landfill site adopts the combustion treatment scheme. A total of 64 sets of gas conducting gabion wells are set up. The gas is collected and discharged to the combustion device in the northwest of the reservoir area for combustion treatment. After the landfill site is closed, NH3 and H2S will be captured. As long as the landfill gas is guided, collected and treated according to the requirements, the impact of landfill gas on the surrounding sensitive points is small. c) Acoustic environmental impact The acoustic environment is mainly affected by the construction period, and there is no noise impact after the site is closed. During the construction period, different construction machinery, transportation vehicles and other construction machinery produce noise, but the nearby residential areas are far away, and the impact is very small. The transportation vehicles in the construction process may have a certain

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impact on the residents nearby. d) Impact of solid waste The solid waste generated during the construction period is mainly the waste earthwork and waste residue generated by the construction activities, and the domestic waste generated by the construction personnel during the construction period. Construction waste earthwork and waste residue can be used as site closure cover fill or landscaping soil, which can be consumed in the subproject without off-site treatment. During the construction period, the domestic waste of construction personnel is collected and then landfilled on site. The solid waste in the construction period will not have obvious impact on the surrounding environment after being treated by the above treatment measures. After the closure of the landfill site, the solid waste mainly comes from the sludge produced by the leachate treatment station and the domestic waste of the sanitary landfill staff. The sludge and domestic waste after pressure filtration and dewatering are landfilled in the sanitary landfill. Solid waste will not have obvious impact on the surrounding environment after treatment. e) Ecological environment impact The subproject will destroy the surface vegetation, disturb the surface soil structure, change the current topography, and easily cause new soil erosion under the action of gravity, raindrop strike, water erosion and other external forces. Therefore, the rainy season should be avoided during the construction period. After the construction, the original site terrain changes greatly and the terrain is steep, which is prone to collapse, scattering, dumping, collapse and sliding. In order to ensure the slope stability of the site, slope stability treatment measures should be taken before ecological restoration. After the transfer of the waste in the landfill area, the ecological restoration of the original site of the landfill area is carried out. The soil layer with a thickness of 500mm shall be set on the original site, and the site shall be afforested by laying turf and planting trees and shrubs. It has little impact on ecological environment.

4. Environmental mitigation measures Atmospheric control measures: at the excavation process during the construction period, through reasonable planning of the excavation process, the exposed working face is controlled in the minimum range to reduce the amount of odor. In conjunction with the operation surface, equipped with mobile spray cannon (spraying distance not less than 30m) and sprinkler disinfector, spray deodorant to reduce the amount of dust and odor. HDPE membrane is used for temporary cover in exposed area and temporary leachate storage tank, and gas guiding and collecting devices are set synchronously to reduce the impact of odor on external environment, and ensure that the odor pollutants in the site can meet the requirements of "emission standard for odor pollutants". During excavation, special personnel shall be assigned to regularly check the content of methane gas and harmful gas in the air on site, so as to take necessary countermeasures in time, effectively control the occurrence of pollution accidents and eliminate potential safety hazards. The closed dump truck is used as the transport vehicle. The running route and time of the vehicle are determined reasonably to reduce the impact of odor and dust on the environment. During the operation period, the landfill gas of Zixing sanitary landfill site adopts the combustion treatment scheme. A total of 64 sets of gas conducting gabion wells are set up. The gas is collected and discharged to the combustion device in the northwest of the reservoir area for combustion treatment. In addition to the fugitive exhaust, other landfill gas derived from the gas guiding system will be ignited and burned before emission. Waste water prevention and control measures: the construction site must be equipped with sedimentation tank and other temporary facilities. After sedimentation, the construction wastewater is used for watering and dust suppression at the construction site. Arbitrary discharge of sewage is prohibited. After the waste transfer, relying on the original landfill leachate treatment measures, the subproject will reconstruct and expand the existing leachate treatment system, and the treatment scale of the system after upgradation is 120m3 / d. Noise prevention and control measures: it is forbidden to operate high noise machinery and equipment at the same time during the construction period, reasonable layout, reasonable construction time and low-noise machinery and equipment shall be selected as far as possible. During the construction

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period, the stockpile excavation is not carried out at night. The staff shall be equipped with sound insulation protective equipment. During the operation period, the maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment should be done well to make it in good operation. Solid waste prevention and control measures: the existing dump pit backfill shall not be filled with waste residue, so as to avoid continuous pollution of soil and groundwater. It is suggested that screening process should be added during excavation according to the situation of landfill waste. After screening, domestic garbage can be treated in the following ways: separating metal and selling it to metal recycling company; light combustible garbage and leachate treatment sludge are transported to local waste to energy plant; inorganic aggregate such as brick and tile, gravel, construction waste and other inorganic aggregates are backfilled or transported as filling materials; screening is used as filling material. The separated humus soil can be used for in-situ backfilling of landscaping soil after passing the inspection. Ecological environment protection measures: after the waste transfer, the site shall be restored and afforested to prevent soil erosion; on the other hand, the current situation of the site shall be completely changed to create a good environment. Local common species should be used for landscaping to prevent invasion of alien species.

5. Environmental management and monitoring In order to implement the national environmental protection laws and regulations, deal with the relationship between development production and environmental protection, and realize the unification of social, economic and environmental benefits of projects, the subproject opertaor should establish and improve environmental management and environmental monitoring systems, and set up corresponding management organizations, so as to better monitor the operation of environmental protection facilities and timely grasp the operation effect of environmental protection facilities, It provides basis for daily operation management and environmental management. All the works of the subproject are environmental protection projects. During the construction process, due to the construction machinery and construction personnel entering the landfill area, there may be risk accidents such as garbage stockpile landslide, fire and explosion, as well as hidden works such as impervious layer, so it is necessary to carry out environmental supervision during the construction period. The main purpose of environmental monitoring of the subproject of the existing dump/landfill site is to check the impact on the environment during the implementation of the subproject, whether the leachate treatment facilities are normal after the implementation of the subproject, and the impact of regional groundwater. The environmental monitoring items shall include leachate, surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and noise. The monitoring contents during the construction period include surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and noise. After the completion of the subproject, the monitoring contents include leachate, surface water, groundwater and atmosphere. The sanitary landfill site should monitor the air pollutants, landfill gas, leachate, groundwater, noise environment after closure of the landfill site, so as to timely understand the pollution status of the landfill site, master its change trend, and provide the basis for pollution control and environmental protection. According to the characteristics and actual situation of domestic waste landfill site, the environmental monitoring mainly includes waste water and landfill gas monitoring, taking into account groundwater and noise at plant boundary. Environmental monitoring includes construction period, operation period and the period after site closure.

6. Economic profit and loss analysis of environmental impact The proposed subproject belongs to the public facilities management industry, urban infrastructure project, and is also an environmental protection project, The environmental protection facilities (measures) of the subproject mainly include: sewage treatment system, noise control measures, gas and dust control of the landfill site, and landscaping of the site. The feasibility study report has included the treatment works of the existing waste dump (such as stockpile shaping, site closure and covering, rainwater and sewage diversion, leachate collection and treatment, landfill gas collection, etc.). The environmental protection measures for which the quantities and costs have been calculated in the landfill site upgrading and reconstruction (concentrated leachate treatment device, leachate regulating tank, etc.) will not be charged repeatedly. It is estimated that the total investment in environmental protection of the

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subproject is XX million yuan. The subproject cost XX million yuan. Through the sanitary landfill of domestic waste, the pollution of domestic waste to regional water, atmosphere and ecological environment can be greatly reduced, which is conducive to maintaining the regional ecological environment quality. At the same time, the construction of the comprehensive treatment project of Xiangjiang River Basin existing dump can effectively control the disorder of garbage stacking, improve the environmental sanitation conditions of the subproject area, improve the landscape of districts and counties and the regional ecological environment, and improve the physical and mental health and quality of life of residents in the subproject area. To sum up, the subproject is a public welfare project with unified economic, environmental and social benefits.

7. Public consultation The results of the public participation survey show that all the individuals or groups surveyed have no objection and agree that the subproject should be implemented as soon as possible. However, it is also required that the "three Simultaneities" of the subproject should be done well, and advanced treatment technology and equipment should be adopted to reduce the impact of discharged pollutants and their impact on the surface water and air environment quality, so as to avoid the environmental impact on the health, production and life of nearby residents It has a negative impact. The contractor shall fully consider the opinions of surrounding residents, optimize the construction layout, minimize the impact of construction on the surrounding people through unified arrangement, ensure the normal operation of environmental protection facilities after the completion of the subproject, and strictly implement the environmental management and monitoring plan.

8. Conclusion The subproject covers a wide range of contents, including the disposal and management of various solid wastes, such as the treatment of existing garbage sites, the upgrading and reconstruction of sanitary landfill sites. It is of great significance to improve the comprehensive disposal and management level of solid waste in Hunan Province to effectively treat all kinds of solid waste in Xiangjiang River Basin. The implementation of the subproject is conducive to promoting the improvement of regional environment, and the impact on the environment is mostly positive. In the process of implementation, it may have a certain adverse impact on the local environment of the region. In seriously implementing the pollution control measures proposed in the engineering design and this report, the impact is short-term and controllable. After the completion of the subproject, ensure the normal operation of environmental protection facilities and strictly implement the environmental management and monitoring plan, the pollution of the subproject to the surrounding environment will be effectively controlled. From the perspective of environmental protection, the implementation of the subproject is feasible.

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1. Report purpose, background, rationales and profiles of the propoed scope change

1.1 Report purpose and scope

1. This addendum has been prepared in accordance with ADB‘s SPS (2009), based on domestic EIA (environmental impact report) prepared for the proposed scope change (capacity expansion by 900,000m3) in Zixing landfill subproject in Chengzhou Municipality in compliance with the PRC‘s environmental assessment regulatory framework supported by site visits, and stakeholder consultations. These studies have been supplemented by additional surveys undertaken by the project loan implementation environmental consultant over the period from June to September 2020. Key data sources included the following: a. ADB loan mission MOUs in 2019; b. Project feasibility study report, preliminary design prepared by qualified domestic feasibility study consultants; c. Domestic EIA (environmental impact report) including thematic ecological impact assessment dated January 2019; d. Public consultations: (a) public information disclosure undertaken by the implementing agencies in through 2017~2019 at subproject site, and (b) public information disclosure undertaken by domestic EIA consultants through 2017~2019. e. Field inspections at the subproject site through 2017~2019 by the domestic EIA consultants and at beginning September 2020 by the project loan implementation environmental consultant. f. Published reports on topographic, geological, groundwater, surface water, soil, climate, flora, fauna, and cultural resources for Zixing and the new subproject site. g. Water, air, and noise baseline data provided by the local environmental protection bureaus (EPB, including MEP’s data center website).

2. This report contains (i) the findings from environmental safeguards due diligence, (ii) the proposed environmental monitoring program reflecting the project scope change; and (iii) summary and conclusions of this additional safeguards due diligence.

3. As the waste transfer subcomponent in Zixing has been covered in the original EIA (May 2018) and remains unchanged. This report mainly focus on the landfill expansion subcomponent and does not duplicate the due diligence for the waste transfer subcomponent.

In the original project, under output 2, Zixing existing dump site (Tangyilong), adjacent to the existing sanitary landfill site (Changyilong), was planned to be excavated and rehabilitated, while the existing sanitary landfill site (Changyilong) will be upgraded.

The para.117-118 (pp.51 of ADB EIA dated May 2018) say: The proposed treatment for the site will excavate the entire waste body with an additional 0.3 meter depth for possible contaminated soil, and move the excavated waste and contaminated soil to the adjacent sanitary landfill, and upgrade the site as an additional sanitary landfill area with a HDPE seal, stormwater drainage system, landfill gas and leachate collection and system, expand the existing sanitary landfill leachate treatment facility with additional MRB+NF+RO treatment capacity, and install a new submerged burning evaporation leachate residuals treatment facility.

Future land use plan. After the waste is transferred, the site will be rehabilitated and greened. Soil erosion will be prevented and the terrain stability on the site will be enhanced. The mined and restored landfill site will be used for redevelopment purposes according to the future city plans…

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This proposed scope change ONLY relates to additional capacity expansion of 900,000 m3 for the subproject of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site, , while the others remain unchanged..

Therefore, this report assesses the cumulative impacts all the subproject activities within the site.

1.2 General project background

4. General Introduction. This report is the addendum to the EIA of Hunan Xiangjiang River Watershed Existing Solid Waste Comprehensive Treatment (hereafter referred as ‘the Project’). This report is prepared by Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) based on site visits and information collected from the Project Management Office (PMO), Project Implementation Units (PIUs), and environmental supervisors, under technical assistance from the start-up environmental consultants. This report was reviewed by the PMO, prior to submission to ADB.

5. Impact, Outcome and Output, and Environmental Screening/Categorization/Due Diligence. Loan 3712 was approved by ADB on 26 September 2018 with the amount of $150 loan from ADB ordinary capital resources. The loan and project agreements were signed on 19 and 21 December 2018 respectively, and loan effectiveness was declared on 1 April 2019. The physical completion of the project will be on 30 June 2023, and the loan is scheduled to be closed on 31 December 2023. The impact of the project will be environment in the Xiangjiang River watershed in Hunan Province improved. The outcome of the project will be long-term pollutants discharged to the Xiangj iang River watershed reduced. The project has the following four outputs:

• Output 1: Substandard municipal solid waste landfills closed. The project will close and restore nine substandard landfills, demonstrating at each site the installation of a capping layer and drainage, a leachate collection system, a landfill gas collection and treatment system, and the restoration of vegetation and landscaping. 1

• Output 2: Substandard municipal solid waste landfills mined and remediated. The project will demonstrate the remediation of two substandard landfill sites through mining, which will include the excavation and transport of waste materials to adjacent sanitary landfill sites. The project will include the closure and restoration of the Xiaowujia site (in Lanshan) and the Zixing site.

• Output 3: New urban–rural integrated municipal solid waste management systems established. 2 The project will establish best practice and well-defined urban–rural MSW management systems in seven project areas. It will support Hunan’s strategy for integrated MSW management by piloting the construction of collection and transfer stations in selected locations to demonstrate differing scale and approaches. It will include the procurement of the associated collection and transport equipment and fleet vehicles.3

• Output 4: Sanitary landfill facilities upgraded. The project will upgrade the facilities in four sanitary landfill sites. The project will include upgrading and expanding leachate treatment facilities, installing leachate residual treatment facilities, improving site drainage, upgrading landfill cover and associated improvements, and refurbishing and upgrading site infrastructure.4

1 The sites included are Dong’an; Doupi (in Hengyang); Guiyang; Hengshan; Jiufengshan (in Lanshan); Lengshuijiang; Shanglingqiao; Zhugemiao (in Yongzhou); and Tietong (in Changning). 2 The project will support the (i) construction of large-scale MSW treatment facilities, including collection and transfer stations; and (ii) procurement of MSW equipment. 3 It will serve urban and rural populations (highlighted by approximation in brackets) in Changning (0.99 million), Hengyang (1.12 million), Lanshan (0.26 million), Leiyang (1.20 million), Lengshuijiang (0.34 million), Yongzhou (1.32 million), and Zixing (0.36 million). The rural populations served by this project do not receive formal MSW services. 4 The sites included are Hengyang, Lanshan, Leiyang, and Lengshuijiang.

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• Output 5: A new kitchen waste treatment and management system established. The project will assist the Yongzhou City Government to establish a kitchen waste treatment and management system for commercial facilities. It will include the collection, transport and treatment, and associated operation and maintenance (O&M) and management systems. The project will develop a well-prepared regulatory framework, appropriate institutional arrangements, a selection of appropriate technology, and a financially sustainable operational model.

• Output 6: Capacity for environmentally sustainable municipal solid waste management enhanced. The project will support capacity development and institutional strengthening. This will include support for project management and implementation, and training. The project will prepare operationally focused studies on MSW policies and best practice, accompanied by research on innovation and technology and pilot projects as inputs to developing knowledge products and guidelines and/or procedures to guide future investments in Hunan. 5

6. In compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009), the project is classified as Environment category A. An environmental impact assessment (EIA), including an environmental management plan (EMP), was prepared by HURD. 6The EIA incorporated findings of the domestic feasibility study and domestic EIAs, climate risks and vulnerability assessment, biodiversity assessment, site visits, and consultations with stakeholders. The EIA identified potential direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced environmental impacts and risks for preconstruction, construction, and operation phases of the project.7 The EMP identifies the avoidance of adverse impacts through design and site management and mitigation measures under construction management. The landfill closures and new MSW systems have been considered in detail, including potential impacts for landfill gas collection and treatment. During the EIA process, HURD conducted an assessment to determine the significance of project impacts and risks on biodiversity and natural resources, and the EMP includes adequate measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate potential impacts and risks. The climate change assessment identified precipitation and flooding as the most important risks affecting the project, and key recommendations have been incorporated in the EMP. The EMP includes a plan for internal monitoring to be conducted by contractors during construction and by O&M units during operation. The project management office will recruit an external monitoring entity to evaluate and assess implementation and compliance with the EMP during all stages of the project.8 Environmental management, and capacity development and institutional strengthening activities are included under the project to mitigate risks. Two rounds of meaningful consultations have been conducted with all relevant stakeholders during project preparation, and the findings have been incorporated in the project design. Any potential environmental complaints or disputes will be handled in accordance with the grievance redress mechanism established for the project (for details see the attached EMP). The EIA concluded that the anticipated environmental impacts and risks can be mitigated to acceptable levels by adherence to prescribed training and capacity-building measures and effective implementation of the EMP.

5 The range of system for MSW management and the variations in landfill conditions and engineering solutions will allow wide-ranging engineering and operational lessons to be collated and disseminated in Hunan and in the PRC. 6 The EIA main report, with appendixes 1–3, was disclosed on 25 May 2018, and appendix 4 on 28 May 2018. 7 These include anticipated impacts from excavation; handling of leachate and solid waste; groundwater and surface water pollution; and closure of landfill sites with potential for air, soil, and water pollution. 8 More comprehensive site assessment and monitoring will be conducted during detailed design to characterize the waste and to monitor groundwater quality and soil contamination in and around the landfill sites

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1.3 Rationales and profiles of scope change

7. In June 2020, Zixing Environmental Sanitation Center (under Zixing City Urban Administration Bureaum, the subproject proponent ) formally proposed inclusion of the 900,000 m3 new subproject of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site into Zixing landfill site transfer and upgrading contract package (Contract No.: C-ZX01). Originally, the subproject was under Output 2. Meanwhile, this additional proposed scope change (capacity expansion of existing sanitary landfill) belongs to Output 4.

Project site

Urban area

Waste to energy plant

8. The first stage design of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site of Zixing is 2.1 million m3. Considering the long service life, the 2.1 million m3 will be constructed in two stages, of which 1.2 million m3 has been completed in 2010 (phase 1), and 750 000 m3 has been completed by the end of 2019.

Changyilong Sanitary Tangyilong landfill existing dump site

Separation dam

9. According to the "feasibility study report of comprehensive treatment of the existing garbage dump in Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province" and "the reply of Hunan housing and urban

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rural development department on the preliminary design of the subproject of the comprehensive treatment of the existing garbage dump in Xiangjiang River Basin in Hunan Province, Zixing existing dump transfer and quality improvement subproject", 350,000 m3 waste from Tangyilong existing dump will be transferred to Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site will be landfilled, and more than 90,000 m3 of stored garbage will be transferred to Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site from the informal waste dump in the townships as well. In addition, the new domestic waste will be about 110,000 m3 in 2020, which will reach 1.3 million m3 in total.

10. By the end of the transfer of Tangyilong waste dump, the volume of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill will not be enough. In addition, the current garbage treatment mode in Zixing city is sanitary landfill, which can not be used in the short term. Moreover, even if the incineration method is adopted, a certain amount of landfill reserve volume should be reserved to deal with the garbage destination in case of road, electricity and equipment failure during the process of waste to energy. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal transfer of the existing waste and reserve the reserve landfill volume for future waste treatment, Zixing municipal government decided to build 900,000 m3 (the original phase 2 of the original 2.1 million m3) while upgrading the landfill area. The additional land required to increase the capacity of the Changyilong sanitary land fill is within the original land acquisition scope of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site, which is consistent with the land scope of the transfer site of the existing waste, and there is no new resettlement problem.

11.The estimated cost of the subproject is estimated as follows: the cost of the subproject is estimated as follows:

New Budget amount of construction drawing The total invest (original contract package, 10’000 yuan) budget of ment Does the contract this Transfer of package exceed the Landfil Recen contract treatment Rainwater 90,000 procurement plan l gas t package and diversion 0 m3 after the newly collecti closur after ecological of road Subtotal in added 900,000 m3 on and e adding restoration of sanitary seepag seepage control treatme covera 900,000 Tangyilong landfill e nt ge m3 waste dump control Not exceeding the plan and 1.422 million yuan lower 1474.8 398 452 37 798 3159.8 1698 4857.8 than the estimated contract price of the subproject procurement plan

12. Although the construction of 900,000 m3 landfill area of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site has not been applied for approval in the feasibility study stage, the subproject has been included in the preliminary design of the subproject and the preliminary design apprval (XJK [2018] No. 219) and the reply of Chenzhou Ecological Environment Bureau on the environmental impact report of comprehensive treatment of existing garbage dump in Xiangjiang River Basin (Chen Huan Han [2019] No. 38) include the newly built 900,000 m3 anti-seepage project. At the same time, the ADB’s memorandum of understanding in September 2019 also discussed this proposed scope change.

13. In order to facilitate the smooth implementation of Tangyilong storage site transfer, Zixing Environmental Sanitation Center apply to include the new 900,000 m3 capacity in the landfill area of Changyilong domestic waste sanitary landfill site into the Zixing landfill site transfer and upgrading project package (C-ZX01).

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14. The subproject is located in Tangyilong, Xingtang village, Xianghua Township, adjacent to Zixing sanitary landfill site. There are no ecological sensitive areas such as nature reserve and drinking water source protection area around the subproject, which is not within the scope of ecological protection red line, which meets the requirements of ecological protection red line. The implementation of the subproject is conducive to the centralized disposal of urban domestic waste and reduces the secondary pollution of the existing garbage dump. The subproject takes corresponding pollution prevention measures to promote the improvement of regional environmental quality to a certain extent, and meets the requirements of ecological protection red line Environmental quality baseline requirements; only a certain amount of power resources are consumed in the operation process of the subproject, and the consumption is less than the total regional resource utilization, meeting the requirements of resource utilization online; the subproject belongs to the environmental improvement project, The subproject meets the requirements of national and local industrial policies and the requirements of regional master plan. The implementation of the subproject is conducive to the improvement of regional environment, which is not a negative list of environmental access.

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1.4 Updated related domestic environmental laws, regulations and standards

15. All those following updates after the EIA disclosure (May 2018) have been incorporated the domtestic EIA, project preliminary design and this safeguard addendum.

National laws, regulations and policies Law of the people's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment (December 29, 2018); Law of the people's Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental noise pollution (December 29, 2018); Law of the people's Republic of China on the prevention and control of air pollution (October 26, 2018); Decision on Revising part of the list of classified management of environmental impact assessment of construction projects (Decree No. 1 of the Ministry of ecological environment, April 28, 2018);

Specifications and standards Technical guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2-2018); Standard for soil pollution risk control of construction land (Trial) (GB 36600-2018); "Soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk control standard (Trial)" (GB 15618-2018);

Related planning and technical documents "Preliminary Design Report on the Quality Improvement and Reconstruction Project of Zixing Changyilong Domestic Waste Landfill Site", Hunan Provincial Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd., July 2018.

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1.5 Domestic EIA preparation and approval

Domestic EIA institute: Zhongnan Survey and Design Institute Document type: Domestic Environmental Impact Report Approval authority: Chengzhou Municipal Ecology Environmental Bureau Approval date: 27 March 2019

Summary of domestic EIA approval: Based on the conclusions from domestic EIA analysis and the suggestions from expert panel review, on the premise that the implementing agency of Zixing’s subproject strictly implements the “three simultaneous” system of environmental protection, the subproject is accepted by following the subproject design features, scale, process and measures promulgated in the domestic EIA. In the meantime, the following issues should be paid attention to during the construction and operation of the subproject: (1) To strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution, and reasonably plan the excavation process during the construction period, and take measures such as watering, disinfection, and deodorization to reduce construction dust and odor pollution. In non-excavation areas and temporary leachate storage pools, etc., HDPE film will be used for temporary covering. Gas guide and collection devices and other measures will be installed; and the gas generated during the operation period will be captured then treated by combustion to ensure that the odor pollutants meet the secondary standard requirements in the "Odor Pollutant Emission Standard" (GB14554-93). (2) To bolster prevention and control of water pollution. After being settled through sedimentation, the construction wastewater shall be reused for sprinkling and dust suppression on the construction site and shall not be discharged. The leachate generated after the dumpsite is closed should be treated at the leachate treatment station within the adjacent Sanitary Landfill to meet the water pollutant discharge concentration limit requirements in Table 2 of the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill Sites (GB16889-2008). (3) To boost the prevention and control of noise pollution, choose low-noise equipment, etc., adopt measures such as foundation vibration attenuation, sound insulation of buildings, reasonable layout, and landscaping isolation to ensure that the noise at the plant boundary meets the "Environmental Noise Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises" (GB12348- 2008) Class 2 standard requirements, (4) To reinforce the prevention and control of solid waste pollution. Construction waste and the construction workers’ domestic garbage will be collected and landfilled on the spot. (5) To timely restoration ecology after the transfer of the dumpsite garbage. After the dumpsite garbage is transferred, the site shall be rehabilitated by landscaping to prevent soil erosion and improve the surrounding environment. (6) To enhance environmental management, formulate emergency plans for environmental accidents, implement risk prevention requirements in the domestic EIA to prevent pollution incidents, and carry out self-monitoring work in accordance with the domestic EIA.

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2. Project technical scheme (environment concerns)

2.1 Status quo of existing waste dump

16. Zixing municipal solid waste dump site is located in Tangyilong, Xingtang village, Xianghua Township, adjacent to the sanitary landfill site of Zixing City, 10km away from Dongjiang River, covering an area of 12,000 m2. It is preliminarily estimated that the existing dump waste is about 350,000 m3, mainly domestic waste. The dump site was officially put into operation in July 2000 and closed in January 2010. Since no anti-seepage measures and landfill gas treatment measures have been taken in the reservoir area, secondary pollution of groundwater, surface water and landfill gas exists. Domestic waste dumped not only pollutes the environment, but also has potential safety hazard, which endangers the health of surrounding residents. According to the records of Zixing Environmental Protection Bureau, in recent years, people around the subproject have not complained about the environmental protection of the dump site, but have complained about the leachate treatment of the sanitary landfill site.

Figure 2-1 satellite image of landfill site Note: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 2. Leachate regulating pool (with floating cover); 3. Leachate treatment workshop; 4. Existing waste dump site (Tangyilong); 5. Administration building; 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report

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Here following show the watershed boundaries of the landfill area.

East of the landfill Northwest of the landfill (the existing dump site)

West of the landfill (leachate treatment station Leachate treatment station (west)

Page | 12 and a waste rock heating power plant(blue circle)

Temporary emergent leachate treatment station Rainstorm drainage pond to Huashitan River (500m west) (immediate south west)

17. In 2010, during the construction of the adjacent sanitary landfill site, a leachate drainage pipe (HDPE pipe DN400) was set at the edge of the existing landfill to connect the leachate from the storage site to the leachate drainage layer at the bottom of the landfill, and finally into the leachate regulating pool. Since the waste dump area of Zixing city has been used until 2010, the odor and sewage of garbage on site have a great impact on the surrounding environment. The leachate of garbage seeps into the groundwater and flows into Luqiao River, which pollutes the water quality of Huashitan River and Chengjiang River (Leishui tributary). The main problems in the landfill area are as follows:

18. There is no seepage control at the bottom of the dump site area, and only simple closure measures are taken. The leachate pollutes the surrounding groundwater and pollutes the surrounding environment, which needs to be treated as soon as possible. (1)The groundwater nearby may enter the sanitary landfill through the leachate drainage pipe at the bottom of the landfill area, so as to increase the production of leachate.

Figure 2-2 current situation of waste dump site area of Zixing City

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19. Implementation of EIA procedures of adjacent sanitary landfill: in October 2005, Zixing Municipal Environmental Health Management Office commissioned China International Engineering Design and Research Institute to prepare the environmental impact report of Zixing municipal solid waste sanitary landfill construction project. In June 2014, the environmental protection department of Hunan Province issued the reply on the environmental impact report of the construction project of Zixing municipal solid waste sanitary landfill site (HHA [2006] No. 25), which gave an official reply to the EIA report. In June, Hunan environmental protection department issued the letter on the environmental protection acceptance opinions on the completion of Zixing municipal solid waste sanitary landfill site Project (xhpyy [2014] No. 14), and Zixing municipal domestic waste sanitary landfill site passed the environmental protection acceptance.

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Reply to the environmental impact report of Zixing municipal solid waste sanitary landfill construction project (HHA [2006] No.25)

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Letter of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Department on the environmental protection acceptance opinions of Zixing municipal solid waste sanitary landfill project completion (xhpyy [2014] No. 14)

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2.2 Current problems

20. Zixing municipal solid waste waste dump site is located in Tangyilong, Xingtang village, Xianghua township. It is about 8km away from the urban area of Zixing City and 10km away from Dongjiang River, covering a total area of 292mu (=19.5ha). The original design capacity of the adjacent landfill site is 3.85 million m3, the maximum daily treatment capacity of domestic waste is 300t, and the total service life is 31 years. The storage capacity of first stage is 2.1 million m3, and that of second stage is 1.75 million m3. Due to the large area and long service time of the design reservoir area in the first stage, the construction of the reservoir area is divided into two phases to facilitate the operation management and maintenance of the reservoir area. At present, only phase 1 of first stage reservoir area has been constructed in the landfill site, covering an area of 61,000 m2, storage capacity of about 1.2 million m3, used storage capacity of about 750,000 m3, and residual storage capacity of about 450,000 m3. The landfill site is mainly receives the domestic waste from Zixing city. In recent years, the average waste treatment capacity is about 150t / d. With the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, since the second half of 2017, rural domestic waste in Zixing city has been gradually included in the treatment scope.

However, there are some problems in the sanitary landfill site, such as the large volume of leachate generated, the abnormal operation of leachate treatment system, the high elevation level of leachate in the regulation pool and landfill reservoir area, and the pollution of the surrounding environment by the adjacent landfill area.

Page | 17 a) Problems in sanitary landfill reservoir area 1) The capacity of interception and drainage of rainwater by rainwater and leachate diversion system is insufficient. Some flood intercepting ditches around the site are silted and damaged, and the temporary drainage ditches in the site are in the state of silting, which fails to play the role of rainwater and leachate diversion. 2) At present, HDPE anti-seepage membrane is used to cover the landfill area, but the operation of covering and anti-seepage is not in accordance with the specification. Many small water pits are formed on the membrane, and rainwater seeps into the garbage dump. Rainwater enters the landfill reservoir area, resulting in the increase of leachate production. 3) The compactness of garbage is low, the laying of covering film has not strictly followed standard practice, and the rainwater infiltration is large. 4) The high level of leachate in the landfill area threatens the stability of landfill dam. 5) The construction quantity of gabion well in the reservoir area is not standardized, and the landfill gas is not collected and treated, which directly enters the surrounding environment, which seriously affects the surrounding air quality.

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b) Problems in leachate treatment system

21. The designed treatment capacity of leachate treatment system in the first stage of the landfill site is 100m3 /d, and the process of "MBR (primary AO + UF) + NF" is adopted. Problems of leachate treatment system: at present, the actual production of leachate in the site is about 180m3 /d, and the treatment capacity of the existing system can not meet the demand. Due to the untimely treatment of leachate in landfill site, the water quantity of regulating pool is accumulating continuously, which is close to overflowing. At present, the landfill operator has taken the measure of "purchasing temporary treatment service of leachate" to ensure that the regulating pool does not exceed the safe water level.

Figure 2-3 current situation of leachate treatment system

Figure 2-4 status of leachate regulating tank

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2.3 Design options on pollution control

2.3.1 Selection of overall design scheme 22. At present, the treatment schemes of domestic and international existing dump sites can be divided into in-situ closure and transfer. In situ closure means that the existing waste is not excavated and removed as a whole, but treated on the spot; on the contrary of site closure in situ, it is necessary to excavate the waste dump comprehensively and dispose the excavated waste in a safe way.

1. Field closure in situ

（1） Technical features 23. In situ closure technology is one of the most widely used technologies in the treatment of existing landfill sites at home and abroad. After the landfill site is out of use, the necessary shaping of the waste dump is carried out, and the platform, road, slope drainage channel and rainwater side ditch are built, the leachate is collected and drained in a directional way, and then the landfill gas is finally covered and vegetation is restored, and landfill gas is collected. The centralized collection and treatment system can eliminate the potential safety hazard and odor of garbage dump, effectively reduce the amount of leachate, effectively control the pollution of landfill gas and leachate to the surrounding environment, and improve the landscape.

24. The scheme has the advantages of short construction period, quick effect, low cost, easy operation, and can avoid pollution to the surrounding environment after completion, and the land resources can be developed and utilized. The disadvantage is that although the leachate pollution can be effectively controlled, a small amount of leachate still seeps into the ground in a short period of time. If the geological conditions are complex and the groundwater is rich, the leachate is in an uncontrollable state, which is likely to cause groundwater pollution.

（2） Applicable conditions 25. The in-situ closure scheme is applicable to the existing landfill sites meeting one of the following conditions: 1） There is a large amount of garbage and there is no limestone cave in the reservoir area; 2） The amount of waste in storage is small, the transportation distance is far, and there is no limestone cave in the reservoir area.

（3） Technology roadmap 26. The in-situ site closure mainly includes two parts: site closure system and leachate treatment system.

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Figure 2-5 in situ sealing process flow chart

1） Sealing system 27. The sealing system mainly includes dump shaping and treatment, anti-seepage system, leachate collection and drainage system, landfill gas collection and treatment system, rainwater and sewage diversion system, sealing and covering system, landscaping and vegetation restoration, garbage dam, environmental monitoring system, etc.

28. The existing landfill site generally belongs to the valley type landfill site. Since the underground impervious layer of surrounding mountains is high, which can block the outflow of leachate in the site, vertical seepage prevention technology can be generally used to prevent groundwater pollution by leachate. In the valley downstream of the valley, a vertical anti-seepage curtain system is used to connect the curtain wall with the peaks on both sides to close the whole valley, so as to make the contaminated land at the bottom of the site. The water is trapped in the landfill site, which reduces the infiltration and diffusion to the downstream and adjacent areas, making the landfill a relatively independent hydrological unit and reducing the outflow of groundwater in the landfill site.

29.The design and construction of ecological restoration for site closure can refer to the technical specification for sanitary landfill treatment of domestic waste (GB 50869-2013) and technical specification for closure of domestic waste sanitary landfill site (CJJ112-2007).

2） Leachate treatment system 30. The leachate output of the existing landfill site will gradually decrease with the time passing after the closure, and the leachate quality will also change, the COD and BOD concentrations will gradually decrease in the later stage, and the biodegradability of wastewater will become worse. It is an economical and suitable way to treat the leachate from the existing landfill site and the leachate from the local sanitary landfill site. If separate treatment is needed, generally speaking, the amount of leachate after the closure of the existing landfill site is small, so it is more appropriate to adopt physical and chemical methods such as reverse osmosis in the treatment system, and the two-stage reverse osmosis process is mostly used, because the two-stage reverse osmosis process is less affected by external factors, and can adapt to the change of water quality and quantity of leachate after landfill closure.

31. For large-scale storage landfill sites, the leachate output after closure is still large, and the leachate treatment system often adopts "pretreatment + membrane bioreactor (MBR) +

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nanofiltration (NF) + reverse osmosis (RO)". The process makes full use of MBR to biodegrade organic matter and nitrogen removal, and reduces the operation cost. The subsequent nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes ensure that the effluent quality meets the table 2 standard of "pollution control standard for domestic waste landfill" (GB 16889-2008). The concentrated solution produced in the treatment process should be properly disposed of.

3） Gas transmission accelerated stabilization system 32. For the landfill sites with high value of land development and utilization or limestone caves in the reservoir area, which need to speed up the stability of the landfill body, gas transportation accelerated stabilization system can be added on the basis of in-situ closure.

33. The gas transportation accelerated stabilization system is supported by a device for rapid degradation of solid waste, which is composed of multiple air injection pipes, air extraction pipes and control devices. The air injection and extraction are connected with the control device through the gas transmission (or extraction) pipeline, and the internal temperature, humidity and other indicators of the garbage dump are monitored to ensure that the growth of microorganisms in the garbage dump is in good condition, and the aerobic reaction state with uniform oxygen content, wide coverage and no blind corner is formed in the garbage, so as to accelerate the degradation of organic matter and shorten the stability of the storage garbage yard.

34. The system can realize the rapid and complete degradation of organic matter in the garbage dump, reduce the generation of leachate and the pollution of underground water source after treatment. The aerobic reaction of organic matter in the garbage dump will no longer produce biogas, which can eliminate the explosion risk of combustible gas and reduce the temperature chamber effect. The system requires that the moisture content of the landfill should be between 40% and 50%. The leachate can be directly recharged to supplement the water needed by the landfill and reduce the leachate treatment capacity. In addition, the system makes use of the microorganism in the landfill to rapidly degrade the organic matter in the leachate in the aerobic environment, so as to reduce the leachate production and further reduce the scale of the leachate treatment system.

（4） Technical and economic indicators 35. See table below for technical characteristics and technical and economic indexes of in-situ sealing.

Table 2-1 technical characteristics and technical and economic indexes of in situ sealing

No. Items No gas transmission With gas transmission Remarks system system 1 Unit investment 40-60 yuan / m3 75-95 yuan / m3 The investment varies with the scale and the form of the waste dam 2 Technology Mature Immature maturity 3 Resources Landfill gas can be Aerobic reaction does Utilization considered not produce biogas characteristics source utilization 4 Types of The leachate is collected and The amount of leachate pollutants and treated in a centralized way decreased obviously, and final disposal and discharged after reaching the treatment was methods the standard; Centralized centralized after

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treatment or utilization of collection landfill gas after collection 5 Application of More, widely used less engineering cases Note: the investment of site closure project is generally 400 ~ 600 yuan / m2, and the waste dump in this table is estimated according to the depth of 10m.

2. Transfer from one place to another (recommended in this subproject)

（1） Technical features 36. In order to completely eliminate the pollution of the existing landfill site, the waste should be excavated and transported to the standard sanitary landfill site or sent to the waste to energy plant for effective disposal.

37. The main pollution sources of groundwater in the site are completely removed after excavation and transportation. The original site can be developed and utilized again after soil ecological restoration. Since a large amount of leachate with high concentration has been produced from the original landfill waste in the site, the groundwater quality is still poor for a period of time after the pollution source is removed. However, in the long run, with the natural degradation and dilution, the water quality will gradually improve.

38. At the same time, the technology has some limitations. Firstly, the transfer distance of garbage should not be too far, otherwise the cost of cleaning and transportation will be high. At the same time, because the landfill gas is enriched in the interior of the landfill, fire prevention and explosion-proof should be considered. The secondary pollution in the process of garbage transportation may affect the life of the surrounding residents.

39. The screening system can be set up on the basis of excavation and transfer for the existing landfill sites with high waste utilization value. However, due to the high lime soil content of domestic waste in Hunan Province, it is difficult to screen, and most of the existing landfill sites have small available components. Therefore, the screening system should be selected carefully after fully analyzing the composition and utilization rate of waste and making technical and economic comparison.

（2） Applicable conditions 40. The premise of the implementation of this technology is that there must be sanitary landfill, waste to energy plant or other disposal facilities built according to the national standards and specifications in the region, and at the same time, it should have sufficient capacity to accept and treat. Because the technology involves excavation and transfer of the existing waste, and the cost is high, it is generally suitable for the treatment of the waste landfill site with a small amount of storage garbage, poor geological conditions such as limestone cave development in the reservoir area, and short transportation distance.

（3） Technology roadmap 41.The transfer from other places mainly includes excavation, site transfer and soil remediation. In special cases, a screening system is also included.

Soil Excavation transfer rehabilitation Direct compresssion Landfill or Screening Indirect compresssion WtE Plant

Figure 2-6 flow chart of transfer technology

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1） Excavation As the waste dump on site are all made up of loose garbage, the overall stability of the dump is poor, so layered excavation method should be adopted in the excavation process.

2） Transfer There are two main transfer modes for excavated waste to be transported to the surrounding sanitary landfill or waste to energy plant: one is direct loading and the other is compression transfer. The selection of transportation mode should minimize the impact on the surrounding environment, comprehensively consider the efficiency and economy of actual operation, and combine with the local actual situation, and determine after technical and economic comparison.

3） Soil remediation The technical methods of soil heavy metal pollution treatment mainly include engineering remediation, physicochemical remediation, bioremediation, constructed wetland, stabilization and solidification technology.

4） Screening After analyzing the composition and utilization rate of waste and making technical and economic comparison, screening system can be added to the existing landfill site with high value of waste utilization. After the waste dump is broken, it is screened by drum screen, and the materials on the screen are mainly plastic, rubber, ferrous metal and coarse irregular materials. Plastic and rubber can be used as raw materials for reproduction after air separation, ferrous metals can be reused after magnetic separation, and coarse irregulars can be transferred to landfill or incinerated. The residue can be used as nutrient soil for fast-growing economic forest or turf cultivation.

Figure 2-7 flow chart of transfer technology after screening and utilization

（4） Technical and economic indicators 42. See table below for technical characteristics and technical and economic indicators of site transfer.

Table 2-2 technical characteristics and technical and economic indicators of site transfer

No. Items No screening system With screening system

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1 Unit investment 60-90 yuan / m3 80-150 yuan / m3 2 Technology maturity More mature More mature 3 Characteristics of Low resource High degree of resource utilization utilization resource utilization 4 Types of Heavy metal The heavy metal pollutants and contaminated soil contaminated soil needs to final disposal needs to be repaired be rehabilitated methods after transfer 5 Engineering cases and less less Application Note: unit investment includes waste excavation and transportation within 50km.

3. Selection of waste disposal plan

（1） Selection principle of design scheme 1） Mature technology, moderate economic investment, reliable equipment and the best cost-effictiveness ratio; 2） It can adapt to the actual situation of local and landfill site, and meet the requirements of environmental protection and relevant laws and regulations, standards and specifications; 3） According to the waste volume, geographical location, topography and hydrogeological conditions of the landfill site, combined with the environmental requirements of urban construction and social development, as well as external conditions (including the current situation of municipal waste disposal, sanitary landfill site, waste to energy plant) 4） treatment scale, residual capacity, waste transportation distance, etc.; （2） Options 43. The selection of treatment scheme for the existing landfill site is mainly considered from the landfill capacity, landfill site location, pollution degree, transportation distance, urban overall planning and land use value. Meanwhile, the actual situation of the existing landfill site, the construction planning of local waste to energy plant and the difficulty of implementing the scheme should be considered comprehensively. The basic principles and applicable conditions are shown in below.

Table 2-3 treatment scheme and applicability of existing landfill site

category Technical name Applicable conditions 1. The landfill capacity is large In situ sealing 2. The transport distance is far Site technology 3. It is far away from the urban area, and the recent closure development and utilization value of the land is small scheme 4. Transportation is difficult and pollution is easy to control in situ 1. The landfill capacity is large Accelerated 2. The transport distance is far stabilization 3. It is close to the urban area, and the surrounding land technology for development and utilization value is great gas 4. It is difficult to transport and control pollution transmission 1. The landfill capacity is small Direct 2. The transport distance is relatively close transfer 3. Sanitary landfill or waste to energy plant with technology sufficient capacity (selected) 4. Located within the scope of urban planning, the

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Transfer pollution is obvious, and the original site has great scheme development and utilization value

1. The landfill capacity is small 2. The transport distance is relatively close Transfer 3. The available value of waste dump is large technology after 4. Sanitary landfill or waste to energy plant with sufficient screening and capacity utilization 5. Located within the scope of urban planning, the pollution is obvious, and the original site has great development and utilization value In this report, the appropriate treatment scheme will be selected after technical analysis and comparison of in-situ closure and site transfer for each existing landfill site.

2.3.2 Selection of leachate treatment scheme for existing dump site

44.The existing landfill sites with in-situ closure treatment scheme have leachate treatment problems after closure, while those with alternative site transfer treatment scheme do not have leachate treatment problems.

45. According to article 9.1.3 in the standard for pollution control of domestic waste landfill site (GB 16889-2008), all existing domestic waste landfill sites should dispose of domestic waste leachate by themselves and implement the standards in Table 2 since July 1, 2011.

46.However, due to the small amount of leachate produced after the closure treatment of the existing landfill sites of the subproject, and the waste sites are located in relatively remote valleys, it is not realistic to construct leachate treatment facilities alone. Therefore, this report recommends that the leachate from the existing landfill site should be transported to the local sanitary landfill site for disposal together with the leachate from the landfill site. The advantages of this disposal method are as follows: 1. The existing landfill sites are all located in remote valleys. If the leachate treatment facilities are built separately, it is necessary to add new leachate treatment system and operation management personnel, so the construction investment, operation cost and operation management are difficult to be guaranteed. 2. The amount of leachate produced after the closure treatment of the existing landfill sites is small, which makes the transportation of leachate more practical and feasible. In this project, the sanitary landfill sites in most counties and cities are upgraded. In the process of upgrading and transformation, it is enough to consider accepting the leachate from the existing landfill.

2.3.3 Landfill gas treatment scheme

1. Landfill gas composition

47. The composition and generation of landfill gas are closely related to the amount of landfill, the content of degradable organic matter, moisture content, landfill temperature, pH value and landfill age. Studies have shown that the main components of landfill gas are CH4 and CO2, and methane generally accounts for 40% ~ 65% of landfill gas. According to the test results of landfill gas in each landfill site, the volume ratio of methane in landfill gas of most landfills is less than 40%, and the content of methane is relatively low. The reason is that most components of landfill gas have been diffused and spilled out due to the long-term landfill.

48. CH4 is a colorless and odorless flammable gas with melting point of - 182 and boiling

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point of - 164 . Its solubility in water is small. When its concentration in air reaches 5% ~ 15%, it will explode. There is very little oxygen in the landfill, even if the methane reaches the critical concentration, ℃it will not explode. However, when methane gas migrates and diffuses and mixes with air in the field, methane gas with concentration within the explosion range will be formed. In addition, when a large amount of methane accumulates in the garbage layer to form a strong energy, when the accumulated pressure is greater than the pressure of the overburden layer, the garbage will expand at reduced pressure in an instant, and a physical explosion will occur. The concentration of methane in the landfill site is high. Methane replaces the air in the soil and prevents the air from entering the soil, making the soil anoxic. Therefore, it will cause harm to the crops near the landfill site. In some cases, the aerobic state exists in some parts of landfill site, which makes the methane concentration in landfill gas decrease(40-50%), nitrogen concentration increased (10-20%).

49.At the same time, methane is a greenhouse gas second only to carbon dioxide. Although its content in the atmosphere is only 1 / 27 of that of CO2, its global warming potential is 28 times that of the latter.

50. Carbon dioxide is a kind of odorless and odorless gas, which does not support combustion. Its specific gravity is 1.5 times of that of air. It can dissolve in water and form carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide gas tends to move to the bottom of landfill site, which penetrates the impervious layer and migrates to the underground layer to contact with water, resulting in the increase of water hardness.

2. Landfill gas generation 51. For the domestic waste landfill, the gas generation process is a long process, generally after more than ten years or decades, for the domestic waste landfilled every day, the gas generation process is in accordance with the above rules. According to the analysis of the characteristics of domestic waste in Hunan Province, the general gas generation is 60 ~ 80m3 / kg garbage. Generally, the production of landfill gas will decrease year by year since the closure of landfill site. This subproject has stopped entering the garbage for more than 5 years, and the peak of landfill gas generation has passed. The annual maximum gas generation is less than 1 million Nm3, so the utilization value of landfill gas is not very great.

3. Landfill gas treatment （1） Selection of landfill gas treatment technology 52. The technical code for collection, treatment and utilization of landfill gas in domestic waste landfill (GB 50869-2013) stipulates that landfill gas utilization facilities shall be constructed for domestic waste landfill sites with a design total landfill capacity of more than or equal to 2.5 million tons and a landfill thickness of more than or equal to 20 m. At present, the main direction of landfill gas utilization in China is landfill gas power generation and purification of natural gas. The amount of waste in all the storage sites of the subproject is far less than 2.5 million tons, and most of them have been simply closed for many years. The output of landfill gas is small and the utilization value is not large. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of landfill gas is not considered in this report. Methane is an important greenhouse gas, reducing and controlling methane emission is the key consideration of this project.

53. Landfill methane emission reduction technologies mainly include landfill gas recycling, landfill gas combustion and biological cover oxidation.

54. Due to the low utilization value of landfill gas in this project, recycling is not considered.

55. Landfill gas combustion is a simple and easy disposal method. Methane gas is directly burned in the air through the torch and converted into CO2 and water to ensure the safety of the landfill site. It can be divided into two ways: decentralized combustion and centralized combustion. The advantages of this method are that the subproject is easy to implement, the operation is simple, and the investment is low. The disadvantage is that there are some hidden

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dangers. When the pressure of landfill gas or the concentration of methane is too low, it is not easy to burn, and it is easy to accumulate landfill gas.

56. Biological cover oxidation technology is a new type of methane emission reduction technology in landfill. Its principle is to make full use of oxidizing bacteria to oxidize CH4 by creating suitable conditions in landfill cover. The oxidation ability of the coating is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the materials and environmental conditions. Temperature, water content, organic matter content, porosity and CH4 / O2 all affect the oxidation ability of CH4. Therefore, the selection of covering materials and engineering operation conditions are the key to the effective application of the technology. Soil, mineralized waste and biochar soil mixture are the most commonly used mulching materials. The CH4 oxidation rate of biochar soil mixture is the highest. According to the technical guidelines for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from landfill sites (recommended draft) compiled by Tsinghua University and Beijing Environmental Sanitation Group Research and Development Co., Ltd., the surface methane oxidation rate of biochar soil mixture can reach more than 70%. Biological cover oxidation technology has the advantages of low cost and easy operation. It is a kind of recommended technology to promote the emission reduction of methane in landfill site, and has high popularization.

57. Based on the comprehensive analysis and comparison, this report recommends the biological cover oxidation technology as the landfill gas treatment technology.

58. In the detailed design stage, the relevant data of landfill gas generation should be further collected, and the methane and landfill gas measured should be carried out on site. According to the measurement results, the appropriate design standard for methane oxidation of biological window was determined. In order to realize the uniform flow of landfill gas through the biological window, a gravel layer with a thickness of more than 30 cm is set at the bottom of the biological window as the gas distribution layer and supporting layer. In the design of biological window, control measures should also be taken to control the moisture content, oxygen supply and temperature of bioactive materials.

（2） Landfill gas treatment scheme 1） Landfill gas collection 59. At present, the main method of landfill gas collection is gabion well. In this report, vertical gas guide gabion well is also used to drain landfill gas. The top of the gabion well is flush with the impervious membrane.

60. The construction of gas guide gabion well in the landfill reservoir area adopts the drilling method, that is, the pilot gas well is set by drilling and laying pipes after the landfill unit is closed. Rotary drilling rig is used for drilling gabion well with diameter D = 1200mm, drilling depth ≥ 2 / 3 landfill depth, and spacing between hole bottom and reservoir bottom ≥ 5m (slope ≥ 2.5m). Dry operation is adopted for rotary drilling. The full-length steel cylinder is used to protect the wall. After the gabion is installed, the steel cylinder is pulled out. During the construction of rotary drilling rig, the mechanical stability and safe operation shall be ensured. If necessary, steel plate or cushion layer can be laid on the site to ensure its safe walking and operation. During the drilling process, attention should be paid to the biogas status in the hole to avoid safety accidents, and ventilation measures should be taken. Before drilling and each time the drilling bucket is lifted out, the condition of the connecting pin between the drill bucket and drill pipe, the connecting pin of the drill bucket door and the steel wire rope shall be checked, and the garbage in the drilling bucket shall be removed.

61.There is flammable landfill gas in the landfill body. Explosion proof measures should be taken for gas guide gabion drilling, well installation and pipeline laying. Precautions in the construction process are as follows:

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62. Real time monitoring of methane, hydrogen sulfide and other gas concentration, timely ventilation work, while controlling drilling speed, stop drilling to observe when necessary. It is forbidden to stack sundries under the drill floor and around the wellhead equipment, and explosion-proof ventilation equipment (blower or fan) shall be set to prevent the accumulation of harmful or combustible gas.

63. If combustible gas is found in the well by monitoring, the combustible gas in the well shall be drained by staged circulation degassing method, and the fan shall be maintained for continuous gas supply. When there is no combustible gas burning at the sand discharge hole, the drilling can be continued.

64.In case of windy weather during drilling, drilling shall be stopped immediately if the sand discharge outlet is located at the upwind of the well site due to the wind direction, which endangers the safety of the well site.

65. All personnel in the site are strictly prohibited from smoking and carrying kindling; hot work is required in the well site. Dry powder and foam extinguisher shall be prepared according to regulations.

66. It is forbidden to use non explosion proof communication tools in the well site.

2） Landfill gas treatment 67. Biological overburden layer is set at the upper end of each gabion well. The covering layer is equipped with a plane size of 3 × 3M and a thickness of about 1.0m. The biochar soil mixture is used as the covering material. The overburden layer is directly set on the sealing anti-seepage membrane, and the gas distribution pipe is connected to the bottom of the overburden layer at the top of the gas conducting gabion well, which oxidizes methane gas through the overburden and then discharges into the atmosphere.

2.3.4 Leachate treatment scheme of sanitary landfill

68. The upgrading and reconstruction of sanitary landfill site needs to be combined with the actual situation of each landfill site, according to the specific problems existing in the landfill site, such as incomplete diversion of rainwater and sewage, damage of access road, etc. However, the transformation of leachate system is a common problem existing in various landfills. This section discusses the leachate treatment system.

69.Leachate treatment standard. According to the provisions of "pollution control standard for domestic waste landfill" (GB 16889-2008), all existing domestic waste landfills shall treat the leachate of domestic waste by themselves and implement the water pollution emission concentration limits specified in the table below from July 1, 2011.

Table 2-4 Discharge concentration limits of water pollutants from existing and newly built domestic waste landfills

No. Pollutant Discharge Monitoring position of concentration limit pollutant emission 1 Chroma (dilution ratio) 40 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 2 Chemical oxygen demand 100 Discharge outlet of (CODcr) (mg /l) conventional sewage

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No. Pollutant Discharge Monitoring position of concentration limit pollutant emission treatment facilities 3 Biochemical oxygen 30 Discharge outlet of demand (BOD5) (mg /l) conventional sewage treatment facilities 4 Suspended solids (mg /l) 30 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 5 Total nitrogen (mg /l) 40 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg /l) 25 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 7 Total phosphorus (mg /l) 3 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 8 Number of fecal coliforms 10000 Discharge outlet of (number /l) conventional sewage treatment facilities 9 Total mercury (mg /l) 0.001 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 10 Total cadmium (mg /l) 0.01 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities 11 Hexavalent chromium (mg 0.05 Discharge outlet of /l) conventional sewage treatment facilities 12 Total lead (mg /l) 0.1 Discharge outlet of conventional sewage treatment facilities Note: this table is the data of Table 2 in th standard for pollution control of landfill (GB 16889-2008).

2.3.5 Brief introduction of common treatment process 70. At present, there are three kinds of leachate treatment processes in China, which are "two-stage AO biochemical + Fenton advanced oxidation", "DT-RO" pure membrane treatment, and "MBR + NF + RO" biological + membrane process.

（1） Two stage AO biochemical + Fenton advanced oxidation 71. The typical process of the process is two-stage Ao biochemical + Fenton advanced oxidation + biological aerated filter. Firstly, the two-stage A / O biochemical treatment system was used to degrade organic matter and remove NH3-N. Then Fenton advanced oxidation was used to reduce part of COD and improve the biodegradability of wastewater. Subsequently, biological aerated filter (BAF) process was used to further reduce COD. At the same time, the total nitrogen was removed by biological synchronous nitrification and denitrification to make the effluent meet the standard. After advanced oxidation, the biodegradability of the wastewater is greatly improved. A small amount of nutrients are added through the buffer tank, and then the wastewater enters the biological aerated filter for further biochemical treatment to remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen.

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Figure 2-8 Fenton treatment process flow chart

（2） MBR+NF+RO 72. MBR treatment system consists of four parts: A. pretreatment system B. membrane bioreactor MBR system c. Nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) system.

Figure 2-9 MBR treatment process flow chart

73. Bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient water treatment technology combining biotechnology and membrane technology, especially suitable for the treatment of high load organic wastewater and landfill leachate. This process can retain all biomass in the reactor, and obtain long sludge age and high suspended solids concentration, which is conducive to the growth of slow growing nitrogen fixing bacteria and digestive bacteria, thus strengthening the nitrification capacity of activated sludge and maintaining a low organic loading rate (F / M), the yield of excess sludge is smaller, and the system operation is more flexible and stable.

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74. MBR + NF + RO process is used to treat leachate, which overcomes the disadvantage that biochemical treatment is difficult to meet the standard, and the effluent effect can meet the table 2 standard of "pollution control standard for municipal solid waste landfill" (GB 16889-2008). However, due to the need for biochemical treatment, the combined process occupies a larger area than the "DT-RO" pure membrane process. At the same time, the concentrated solution produced by NF and reverse osmosis is difficult to be effectively treated.

（3） "DT-RO" pure membrane treatment 75. DT-RO reverse osmosis technology is a patented membrane separation equipment specially developed for leachate treatment. DT-RO treatment system is suitable for landfill leachate treatment with poor biochemical properties. It has the characteristics of stable operation, high treatment efficiency and good effluent quality.

Figure 2-10 DTRO treatment process flow chart

76. The advantages and disadvantages of this process are as follows: Advantages: it does not depend on pretreatment, and has good stability, security and adaptability. Due to the above structural characteristics, DT-RO membrane group can directly treat leachate without pretreatment. Because it does not rely on biological treatment, DT-RO RO system has good adaptability for leachate with poor biodegradability in landfill site, and it can save land for biological treatment project, and is suitable for leachate treatment with low BOD and COD load. Disadvantages: the removal of pollutants by two-stage high-pressure reverse osmosis almost depends on physical isolation. The membrane can bear more pollutants, and its service life is short. It is difficult to treat leachate with high BOD and COD concentrations. At the same time, there is also the problem of concentrated solution treatment.

77. The comparison of DT-RO disc tube reverse osmosis process, Fenton process and MBR + ultrafiltration + reverse osmosis process is shown in table below.

Table 2-5 comparative analysis of three processes

Item Two stage AO biochemical MBR + Reverse osmosis of + coagulation ultrafiltration + tubular membrane sedimentation reverse osmosis system Lake + Fenton advanced Treatment process (DTRO) + DTRO process oxidation (recommended in this subproject)

Page | 32 scale All in 100t / d Total About 6 million yuan About 6 million yuan About 7 million yuan investme nt cost Opeartion About 25 ~ 35 yuan / T About 30 ~ 40 yuan / About 40-50 yuan / T cost T Land area Relatively large Relatively large Relatively small covered Structure There are many monomers There are many Few monomers monomers Manageme More processes More processes The process is simple and nt the difficulty is relatively difficulty small Degree Low degree of automation, The degree of High degree of automation, of artificial automation is automatic automati The factors have great relatively high control on influence low Effluent Relatively poor It is stable It is stable stability Because the chemicals are The process involves The whole process of Plant mostly strong oxidizing aerobic and anaerobic reagent is sealed and environme agents, it is easy to cause reactions with slight transported without contact nt corrosion to the odor pollution with the outside world, and surrounding environment the overall environment is The environment is relatively clean and simple poor Equipme Reverse osmosis The general service life of nt Lower membrane needs to DTRO pressure filtration replacem be backwashed membrane is about 2 years, ent regularly and run for which needs to be replaced frequenc a period of time in 2 years y It needs to be second replaced Dosage more less less Pollution control standard Pollution control Standard for pollution Treatment for domestic waste landfill standard for control of municipal solid effect Table (GB 16889-2008) domestic waste waste landfill (GB 2 standards landfill 16889-2008) Table (GB Table 2 standards 16889-2008) 2 standards No concentrated solution The treatment effect is produced, and the is good and the Main operation cost is low,; The treatment effect process is simple; advantages It has good treatment effect is good and the It is easy to operate and on leachate with poor effluent quality is manage, and the biochemical property. stable. integration of leachate treatment equipment High.

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The automation degree is not high, the water quality monitoring needs dailyIt covers a relatively The operation cost is high; manual sample detection; itlarge area; the The removal of pollutants Main can not reflect the watertreatment effect of depends on pure physical disadvanta quality fluctuation in time; itleachate with poor interception, which is easy ges has high requirements for thebiochemical to be blocked, which quality of employees; theproperties is limited; it affects the treatment effect; process is complex; there areis difficult to treat the It is difficult to treat the secondary pollution, andconcent rated solution. concentrated solution. strong oxidation agents are easy to cause surrounding corrosion of floor and equipment.

2.3.6 Selection of leachate treatment process 78. To sum up, the process of "two-stage AO biochemical + Fenton advanced oxidation" is relatively complex and has large dosage, but it can guarantee the treatment effect of leachate with poor biochemical properties.

79.The effluent quality of "MBR + NF + RO" process can meet the "pollution control standard for municipal solid waste landfill" (GB 16889-2008) table 2 standard, but there are some problems, such as high engineering investment, limited treatment effect for leachate with poor biodegradability, and difficulty in effective treatment of concentrated solution.

80.DT-RO pure membrane process can treat leachate with stable effluent quality and less land occupation. However, it is easy to be blocked during operation and the treated water volume will gradually decrease. At the same time, it is difficult to effectively treat the concentrated solution.

81.The selection of landfill leachate treatment process should be combined with the existing treatment process and treatment effect of landfill site. This report will analyze and compare each subproject before determining.

2.3.7 Treatment scheme of leachate concentrate 82. Most of the existing sanitary landfills adopt the "biochemical + membrane separation" treatment process, which inevitably produces a part of the concentrated solution, and the concentrated solution has become a major problem for the normal operation of the landfill.

1. Characteristics of concentrate

83. The concentrated solution produced by the membrane system is rich in most of the salts, a large number of refractory or non biodegradable organic compounds and residual nitrogen-containing compounds such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The leachate treatment process of this project is biochemical + membrane advanced treatment, and the main water quality of membrane concentrate is shown in the following aspects. （1） High concentration of organic matter Compared with urban sewage, the organic matter concentration in landfill leachate is very high, and it is mainly difficult to biodegrade. Generally, the main components of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis concentrate are microbial carcass, high molecular weight carbon hydrate and humus. When there is no biological treatment section, the concentrated solution contains almost all the pollutants in the original leachate, and the concentration is higher than that of the original leachate.

（2） High salt content

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The salt content in leachate is high, and the conductivity is about 15-30ms / cm. After concentration, the salt content is higher, and the conductivity of concentrated solution is about 40-75ms / cm.

（3） The composition is complex In addition to the complex organic matter in the concentrated solution, the components of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and inorganic salt are also very complex. In the past engineering design, the concentrated solution was mainly recycled into the landfill reservoir area, but this method has changed with time. As time goes by, the disadvantages will gradually appear: accumulation of refractory organic matter, increase of salt content, decrease of membrane water production rate, etc. Therefore, the treatment of concentrated solution is a key and difficult problem in the treatment of landfill leachate, which needs further breakthrough.

2. Overview of concentrated solution treatment

84. The main components in the concentrated solution can not be used as nutrition source to participate in biological reaction, and it contains a lot of salt. At present, the treatment of concentrated solution is a difficult problem in domestic landfill leachate treatment, which is mainly restricted by the treatment technology and its economic rationality. The treatment of concentrated solution has attracted the attention of industry personnel, and different concentrated solution treatment processes are being tried in new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects.

（1） Submerged combustion evaporation technology 85. Submerged combustion evaporation (SCE), also known as combustion evaporation in liquid, is an evaporation technology without fixed heat transfer interface. Compared with the wall evaporator, it has the advantages of fast heat transfer rate, high heat utilization rate and relatively simple structure, which is especially suitable for evaporation, concentration and separation of easy scaling liquid.

86. Submerged combustion evaporation technology uses gas fuel to pressurize submerged combustion on the liquid sub surface, and forms micro bubbles through special structure. The micro bubbles contact with the concentrated solution directly, without heat transfer wall, not afraid of scaling, and has high mass and heat transfer efficiency. The process schematic diagram is shown in below.

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Figure 2-11 schematic diagram of submerged combustion evaporation process

The concentrated solution is fed into the submerged combustion evaporator from the regulating tank by the lift pump. The submerged combustion evaporation reactor uses anaerobic biogas, landfill gas or natural gas as energy to heat and evaporate the concentrated solution. The concentrated solution is immersed in the residual steam produced after combustion and evaporation treatment, and enters the sedimentation tank. After cooling, part of the residue is precipitated. After centrifugation and dehydration, the moisture content of dry residue is less than 50%. This part of residue should be treated as hazardous waste. PE film lined woven bags can be used to encapsulate, solidify, landfill or transport to the hazardous waste treatment center for safe disposal; the supernatant of the sedimentation tank continues to return to the SCE evaporation system, and the steam generated by evaporation is discharged or condensed for recycling. The submerged combustion evaporation technology has strong adaptability to the water quality of concentrated solution, and it can be evaporated and crystallized without pretreatment.

87. Its main advantages are as follows: 1） The technology is mature, the system is reliable and stable, and has strong anti- shock load ability. The system can run stably for a long time; 2） The technology itself has no heat transfer wall, no scaling, fast heat transfer rate, high heat utilization rate and evaporation heat efficiency of more than 95%; 3） Compared with the similar evaporation technology, the concentration degree can be 10 ~ 20 times according to the water quality of the concentrated solution; 4） The high concentration of refractory organic pollutants in the concentrated solution is burned at high temperature, which is essentially the removal of pollutants and the removal of pollutants is complete; 5） High degree of automation, convenient system control, low labor intensity, can realize unattended; 6） The solid content of the crystallites produced by the system can reach more than 50% after the dehydration system. At the same time, the tail gas and condensate produced by the system are equipped with supporting treatment devices, which do not produce secondary pollution;

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7） The energy consumption of submerged combustion evaporation treatment is low, and no additional chemicals are needed. At the same time, the heat source can come from anaerobic treatment of biogas by leachate, and the treatment cost is low. The main disadvantages are as follows: It needs to rely on external natural gas, landfill gas or biogas, and is affected by certain heat sources; the subproject investment is relatively high, about 150,000-200,000 yuan / ton of concentrated solution;

（2） Mechanical compression evaporation process 88. Main principle of mechanical compression evaporation process: it uses the characteristics of steam to convert the electrical energy into steam energy through the work of steam compressor to convert low-temperature and low-pressure steam into high-temperature and high-pressure steam as the evaporation heat medium of materials. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam will exchange the latent heat of vaporization to the material and become relatively high-temperature distilled water. The heat obtained from the materials will generate the regeneration steam, and the regenerated steam will be in turn. Through the cycle of steam compressor, the water content of the material is continuously separated, so that the material is concentrated. The concentration ratio of the material is determined by controlling the discharge of the concentrated solution.

Figure 2-12 schematic diagram of mechanical compression evaporator

89. The energy consumption of mechanical compression evaporation treatment is electricity, which is mainly related to the properties of evaporation materials, including boiling point, solubility, scaling speed and properties. In theory, the evaporation concentration ratio of mechanical compression evaporation treatment can reach a high level, but in practical application, the rise of boiling point and the effect of scaling will significantly reduce the evaporation efficiency. At present, the recovery rate of the clear liquid can reach 90%, but the evaporated concentrated solution needs further drying treatment, so the treatment cost is relatively high, and the problem of evaporation and scaling of the technology still needs to be solved.

90. The advantage of evaporation is that the amount of residue (mainly liquid) produced by evaporation is very small, and the evaporated condensate can still be recycled to increase the water production rate of the system. Its main advantages are as follows: 1） Physical process, water quality change has little influence, and the system operation is relatively stable.

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2） The operation arrangement can be adjusted according to the change of water quantity, and the production can be flexibly arranged by using differential electricity price. The main disadvantages are as follows: 1） The energy consumption is relatively high and the operation cost is high; 2） It is difficult to solve the problem of scaling because of the large amount of chemicals added; 3） The concentrated solution is still liquid after mechanical compression and evaporation, so it is difficult to form solid residue.

（3） Reinjection Technology 91. Reinjection technology is the most widely used technology at home and abroad. Its essence is to remove and retain the pollutants in the concentrated solution through the biological action in the garbage dump and the physical and chemical action of porous humus. Although some countries prohibit reinjection, because of its low cost and simple operation, it is still widely used in foreign countries.

Figure 2-13 reinjection well and reinjection water distribution system

92. There are many kinds of reinjection technology, such as gravel bed, perforated pipe and recharge well, which can also be used in combination. However, the reinjection of concentrated solution in China is often not standardized. Because the concentrated solution contains a large number of refractory substances and high salt content, with the long-term reflux, on the one hand, it will lead to the continuous accumulation of refractory COD content in the leachate, on the other hand, it will significantly improve the TDS in the leachate. It will reduce the activity of microorganisms, affect the biochemical effluent, cause the membrane fouling, affect the membrane flux, accelerate the membrane cleaning frequency, etc., thus reducing the service life of the membrane.

（4） Advanced oxidation process 93.The concentrated solution mainly contains humic acid, fulvic acid and other long chain refractory substances and divalent ions. According to this characteristic, the more feasible advanced oxidation process is "flocculation sedimentation + advanced oxidation". Through flocculation and sedimentation, humic acid and divalent ions are discharged in the form of precipitation, and then part of refractory organic matter is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water by oxidation of advanced oxidation, and macromolecular organic matter is oxidized into small molecular organic matter which is easy to be degraded.

94. The most significant characteristic of advanced oxidation method is that hydroxyl radical · OH is the main oxidant to react with organic matter. Hydroxyl radical · OH has a strong oxidation ability (2.80v, next to fluorine 2.87v), and the organic free radicals generated in the reaction can continue to participate in · OH Or through the formation of organic peroxide free radicals, further oxidative decomposition reaction occurs until the final products of CO2 and

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H2O, so as to achieve the purpose of oxidative decomposition of organic matter.

Its main advantages are as follows: 1） It is different from the physical separation of pollutant transfer by using the strong oxidizability of oxidant under the action of catalyst; 2） The difference of reaction rate constants between· OH and different organic substances is very small. When there are many pollutants in the water that can be degraded at the same time, the situation that one substance can be degraded while the other remains basically unchanged will not occur. Therefore, the purpose of removing TOC and COD completely is achieved. 3） Compared with the common chemical oxidation method, the reaction speed of advanced oxidation method is very fast, and the general reaction rate constant is more than 109 mol /l.s, which can meet the treatment requirements in a short time

The main disadvantages are as follows: 1） The treatment effect is related to many factors such as dosage, temperature and quality of treated water, which makes it difficult to control the treatment efficiency and often fails to reach the standard; 2） The consumption of chemicals is high and the operation cost is high; 3） TDS in effluent increased; 4） It has no effect on TN removal. The comparison of various treatment processes is shown in table below.

Table 2-6 Comparison of concentrated solution treatment processes

No. Comparison factor Submerged combustion Mechanical compression Reinjection (recommended Advanced oxidation evaporation evaporation in this subproject after RO) 1 adaptability Strong adaptability It has poor adaptability and Both nanofiltration and The adaptability is weak, and can be used to treat reverse reverse osmosis can be the water quality fluctuation osmosis concentrate reinjected affects the effluent quality 2 Recovery rate of clean The recovery rate of purified The recovery rate of purified / The recovery rate of purified water water is more than 95% water can reach 90% water is more than 90% 3 Unit investment The investment per ton is The investment per ton is Lowest investment The investment per ton is about 150,000-200,000 yuan about 150,000 ~ 200,000 yuan 80,000-100,000 yuan about About yuan 4 Operating costs higher High power consumption low higher

The operation is simple, but 5 Process operation Engineering and operation Experience in engineering bad management will cause The management is complex, management experience, simple operation and operation, complicated the accumulation of salt and affected by water quality and management; operation management; refractory organic matter, difficult to operate stably which will affect the normal operation of leachate treatment system 6 Land occupation less more / less

7 Civil engineering It is simple and can be It is complex and needs to be simple It is complex and needs to be supporting conditions installed outdoors installed indoors installed indoors 8 Stable operation It is stable Unstable, cleaning cycle is / Not very stable very short Standards of treated Table 2 of GB 16889-2008 Table 2 of GB 16889-2008 The inorganic salts in the 9 water concentrated solution Table 2 of GB 16889-2008 accumulate in the landfill site and finally enter the leachate treatment system again However, it is difficult to There are few engineering 10 Project cases More, more stable and more More, but the operation is not operate the leachate cases of stable operation in operation stable enough treatment system normally practice due to its easy operation That's ok

4. Selection of concentrated solution treatment scheme

95. According to the analysis and comparison in table above, the submerged combustion evaporation technology has strong adaptability to the water quality of concentrated solution, stable process operation and high recovery rate of clean water, which can reach the same standard as the effluent quality of waste leachate, and can meet the discharge standard of Table 2 in the pollution control standard for domestic waste landfill site (GB16889-2008) in this subproject. Considering the special feature of the subproject, the recommended concentrated solution (kind of submerged combustion evaporation technology, but patented) see Section 2.5.7.2.

2.4 Incorporate feedback from consultation and expert opinions into subproject design and domestic EIA 2.4.1 Information Disclosure

96. The objective of information disclosure is to facilitate information exchange and constructive engagement with affected communities and stakeholders throughout the whole project. Information disclosure and public consultations were conducted in the subproject cities/towns during the course of domestic EIA preparations in accordance with the PRC Guideline on Public Consultation in EIA (2006). Environmental information of the subproject is and will be disclosed as follows:  The domestic EIA report of the subproject is available for review in the subproject city EPB;  This English project EIA will be available for review at http://www.adb.org/;  Copies of the full EIA reports will be made available upon request; and  All environmental safeguards monitoring reports will be available at ADB’s website http://www.adb.org/ during the implementation of the subproject.

97. Two rounds of information disclosure were performed. The first round of information disclosure was at the early stage of EIA report preparation. Information disclosed includes subproject location and scope, potential environmental impacts, designed corresponding mitigation measures for both construction and operation. Details are as follows:  Information of the subprojects were posted on local government official website including a brief introduction of subprojects, contact information of responsible departments, main content and procedures of domestic EIA, major issues requiring response and feedback from the public, time and location of public consultation meetings, and channels of collecting feedback.  The first round of information disclosure for more than 30 days starting from 22 December 2017.

98. The second round of information disclosure was undertaken after preparation of the FSRs and DEIAs to seek public feedback on the findings, including potential impacts and updated mitigation measures, through on-line posting, on-site posting, and included consultations with communities and villages in and near project sites. The second round of information disclosure was also more than 30 days starting from 20 January 2018.

Table 2-7 Time and website of on-line posting

County 1st Information Disclosure 2nd Information Disclosure Date Website Date Website city government city government website 22 Dec. http://www.zixing.g 20 website Zixing 2017 ov.cn Jan. http://www.zixing.g 2018 ov.cn

Figure 2-14: Examples of Information Disclosure by Government Website Posting

First round on 22 Dec 2017 Second round on 16 Jan 2019

Newspaper disclosure (Chengzhou daily) 9 Jan 2020 14 Jan 2020

99. Two Rounds of public notices were posted on the walls or bulletin boards of local community centers, health centers, schools, or residential buildings, including a brief introduction of local projects, contact information of responsible departments, main content and procedures of EIA, major issues requiring response and feedback from the public, time and location of public consultation meetings, and channels of collecting feedback. Figure 2-15 Examples of Information Disclosure by Public Notices

First round, 22 Dec 2017

Second round, 2 Jan 2019

2.4.2 Public consultation

100. Two rounds of consultation meetings were held in accordance with the requirements of the SPS (2009). Meetings were publicized via ways of local postings and invitation from local authorities. Information that meetings intended to deliver includes introduction of the subproject, progress of EIA works, major impacts of the subproject during construction and operation, and corresponding mitigation measures. Consultation meetings were conducted with following procedures: (i) Opening remarks by local authorities;(ii) introduction of the subprojects by local authorities; (iii) introduction of the anticipated impacts of the

subprojects and corresponding mitigation measures by EIA institute; (iv) question and answer session; (v) concluding remarks by local authorities. All consultation meetings were held locally to give the maximum opportunities for local stakeholders to participate. Meeting minutes were prepared.

Figure 2-16: Pictures of Consultation Meetings at Subproject City

First round

Zixing City (Date: 2017.12.29)

Second Round

Zixing City (Date: 2018.02.01)

101. Participants were asked to sign up before the meetings started. Participants include affected residents, local authorities, and other organizations. Figure below shows examples of sign-up sheets, with name, working place, position, gender, age, relationship with the subproject and phone number on it, while the following shows a simplified one. Table 2-8 Number of Attendants of Two Rounds of Consultation Meetings

City County First round Second round Zixing 20 26 Chenzhou

Figure 2-17: Example of sign-up sheet showing name, work place and position, gender, age, relationship with the subproject, and phone number

Figure 2-18: Simpler sign-up sheet with name, work place, phone number, and remarks

102. Before and after consultation meetings, questionnaires were distributed by domestic EIA institute to affected persons, local communities and departments, and other stakeholders. Two types of questionnaires were prepared, one for groups or organizations and one for individuals, showing different sociological information. They contain 10 and 12 questions covering environmental issues as well as opinions on the subprojects. Project background information and potential environmental impacts were provided to the stakeholders in a separate sheet.

103. After the introduction of the subprojects and environmental impacts, all the participants understood the importance of the subprojects to their local environment and thought the subprojects would bring a positive impact on their local community and environment. Participants from all project locations were supportive to the subprojects in their communities. Questions were asked and answers were provided. Clarifications were requested at the meetings and answers were provided.

104. Questionnaire Surveys. A total of 38 individual questionnaires and 6 group questionnaires were distributed in Chengzhou City, and 100% of them were received. After analyzing the collected data, the results are summarized as below. • Group investigation. Groups have no objection to the construction of this project. The surveyed groups believe that the largest environmental problem currently existing in the area is air pollution (33%) and noise pollution (33%). The most unfavorable impact on the environment from project construction is mainly noise pollution (67%). The measures to reduce the adverse impacts during the construction period are mainly to strengthen construction management (100%). The negative impact during project operation is mainly noise pollution (33%). To reduce the adverse impact of the subproject's operation period, environmental protection measures should be taken to strengthen the operation supervision (83%). • Individual investigation. Individuals surveyed have no objections to the construction of this project. The respondents believe that the largest environmental problem existing in the local area is the pollution of water environment (34%) and the quality of drinking water (32%). The most negative environmental impact of the subproject construction is mainly noise pollution (53%). Measures to reduce the adverse impacts during the construction period are mainly to strengthen construction management (76%) and construction of sewage treatment facilities (50%). The most negative impact on the environment during the operation period of the project is mainly the influence of groundwater (50%) and noise (50%). Mitigating the adverse impact of the subproject during the operation period should adopt environmental protection measures, mainly to strengthen the operation supervision (63%).

105. Participants also provide some good and constructive comments during the consultation meetings and they were adopted by the IAs. No objection was received during two rounds of public consultation meetings.After discussion, the comments of the participants and response from EIA institute can be summarized as follows:

Table 2-9 Comments and response of Zixing City Consultation Meeting

Comments Response The existing MSW landfill is close to This project is a governance project and will solve the residential areas and has serious odor problem of odor caused by the landfill. problems.

2.4.3 Expert review and responses

106. On November 30, 2018, the Chenzhou Environmental Engineering Evaluation Center hosted a technical review meeting on the subprojecdt domestic EIA. The invited experts formed review opinions and the responses are shown below. All those have been incorporated the domtestic EIA, project preliminary design and this safeguard addendum.

Table 2-10 Expert review opinions of domestic EIA and responses No. Comments Responses Supplement and improve the relevant compilation 1 Improve and supplement the relevant basis (national laws, regulations and policies) compilation basis. 2 According to the general requirements, Supplement and improve the evaluation improve the format of the report. conclusions and suggestions The scope of evaluation, the scope of evaluation 3 Define the evaluation scope of each elements of each sub project is defined. sub project evaluation elements. Refine environmental protection The goal of environmental protection is detailed. 4 objectives. Perfect according to each According to each sub project, the list of sub project environmental protection objectives is improved, List of environmental protection and the groundwater protection objectives are objectives and verify groundwater verified. protection objectives. Verify the environmental impact The environmental impact assessment procedures 5 assessment procedures of the project's of the project's stock landfill site and domestic existing landfill site and domestic waste sanitary landfill site were verified, and the waste sanitary landfill site, relevant approval and acceptance approval were The relevant approval and acceptance attached. approval shall be attached. Improve the investigation of the The investigation on the current situation of the 6 current situation of the surrounding surrounding environment of the project has been environment of the project, and refine improved, and the analysis of the existing the analysis of the existing environmental problems has been refined. environmental problems. 7 Improve the introduction of the project The necessity and goal of the project construction construction: strengthen the analysis of improve the necessity analysis of the project, and the necessity of the project, and put put forward that the environmental objectives forward that the environmental should be achieved after the implementation of objectives should be achieved after the the project. implementation of the project Improve the evaluation and analysis Improve the evaluation and analysis content of 8 content of environmental quality environmental quality status of the project. The status of the project. Collect relevant relevant monitoring data of landfill infiltration monitoring data of landfill infiltration were collected, and the monitoring data were and check verified, and the causes of the relevant factors According to the monitoring data, the exceeding the standard were analyzed. causes of the relevant factors exceeding the standard were analyzed. Engineering analysis and The project analysis and environmental impact 9 environmental protection of landfill analysis of landfill gas combustion station are gas combustion station supplemented. Content of environmental impact analysis. The hydrogeological status quo has supplemented Collect relevant groundwater 10 the relevant groundwater hydrological status data hydrological status data and improve and improved the groundwater impact analysis of the groundwater impact analysis of the project the project.

11 Detailed analysis of environmental Detailed analysis of environmental protection protection measures during measures during the construction period of the construction period. project Feasibility analysis of supporting The feasibility analysis of supporting facilities 12 facilities for strengthening landfill for landfill leachate treatment is improved leachate treatment of the project. The summary of landfill gas explosion risk Improve environmental risk impact analysis and leachate transport risk analysis 13 risk analysis. The risk analysis of improves the environmental risk impact risk landfill leachate transportation and analysis. The risk analysis of landfill leachate landfill gas storage in construction transfer and landfill gas in construction period is period was carried out. supplemented. 14 Improve the environmental monitoring The environmental monitoring plan of the project plan of the project. has been improved The contents of environmental protection Supplement the environmental 15 completion acceptance supplement the contents of protection acceptance content of the environmental protection acceptance. project completion. Supplement the chapter of project constraints. 16 Supplement the chapter of project constraints.

2.5 Final design scheme (environmental concerns)

Layout of the subproject Page | 50 2.5.1 Subproject profiles 107. According to the feasibility study report and approval, and in combination with the opinions of the project proponent, Changyilong domestic waste landfill site will be the only domestic waste disposal site in Zixing City in the near future. In the long run, Zixing municipal solid waste will be transported to Chenzhou Municipal solid waste to energy power plant for incineration, and the domestic waste landfill will be retained as a standby landfill site in Zixing city.

108. The subproject proponent: Zixing Environmental Sanitation Center (under Zixing City Urban Administration Bureau) Main contact: Mr. Zeng , EHS officer: Mr. Fan Contrators and construction supervision companies: to be recurired from national competitive bidding process (NCB) Duration: expected from beginning 2021 to mid-2022

2.5.2 The general scheme of the subproject is as follows: a) The waste dump (about 350,000 m3) will be transferred to the sanitary landfill area for ecological restoration; b) The phase 2 reserved area of the first stage reservoir area of the sanitary landfill site is to be expanded, and the rainwater and leachate diversion, landfill gas collection and other upgradation are carried out; c) The leachate treatment system is reconstructed and expanded, and the effluent capacity of the system is 120m3 / d. Storage capacity and service life: after the completion of upgrading and reconstruction, the new storage capacity can be increased by 900,000 m3, and the total remaining capacity will reach 1.62 million m3. According to the prediction of domestic waste output in Zixing City, it can be used until June 2027. Deducted by 250,000 m3 reserved, the emergency storage capacity can be landfilled to the end of 2025.

2.5.3 General layout a) Layout principle 1) Combined with the actual situation of the landfill site, under the condition of meeting the demand of recent landfill, a certain emergency storage capacity is considered. 2) According to the existing natural conditions and landfill site conditions, the general layout should be carried out according to local conditions, and land use should be saved as much as possible. 3) According to different production and use functions, the functional areas are divided reasonably. 4) It can adapt to the transportation inside and outside the dump site, make the traffic line smooth and smooth, and make the connection between each district convenient and quick, so that the life and operation can be carried out effectively. 5) Strengthen the landscaping and beautification of the site, reduce environmental pollution, and build a safe, hygienic and beautified place.

b) General layout The present situation of Zixing municipal solid waste landfill site is mainly divided into four parts: production management area, sanitary landfill area, leachate treatment area and existing dump site area. The general layout of the subproject is reasonably arranged on the basis of current zoning.

Page | 51 1) At present, the guard room of production management area is set at the south side of the access road, the weighbridge, parking and car washing station are located at the south side of the road into the reservoir area, and the comprehensive building is arranged in the southwest of the landfill site, about 150m away from the landfill reservoir area and sewage treatment area. According to the site survey, the complex building is less affected by the odor from the landfill site, and the guard, weighbridge, parking and car washing apron can meet the needs of garbage management and normal work of employees.

Figure 2-19 satellite image of landfill site Note: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 2. Leachate regulating pool (with floating cover); 3. Leachate treatment workshop; 4. Existing waste dump site (Tangyilong); 5. Administration building; 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report 2) The present situation of sanitary landfill area: the construction of rainwater and sewage separation system and landfill gas collection and treatment system is carried out in the sanitary landfill reservoir area. The terrain of the landfill site is gully type. The expansion of domestic waste landfill area is carried out on the basis of the existing domestic waste landfill area, and the expanded area is the east and upper area of the built domestic waste dump. As the terrain of sanitary landfill site changes greatly, in combination with the existing landfill area, in order to obtain the largest storage capacity, the terrain of the whole reservoir area should be fully utilized, and the development should be carried out to the east and above the phase 1 reservoir area. From the top of the garbage dam, the garbage is stockpiled up layer by layer, compacted and raised to the height of the landfill site. The design slope of the outer slope of the waste dump is 1 3, and a 3.0m wide berm platform is reserved every 5m to reduce the erosion of runoff on the slope surface and facilitate the operation of operation machinery and slope maintenance∶ and inspection. In consideration of the current situation of the built landfills, the topography of the reservoir area and the construction of the ring roads, the lowest elevation of the bottom of the landfill reservoir area in the east is 171.00m, the final landfill elevation is 210.00m, and the maximum landfill depth is 39m. According to the above

Page | 52 landfill scheme and the topographic map of domestic waste sanitary landfill site, the storage capacity of the newly added landfill site is calculated to be about 900,000 m3 by grid method. After the landfill compaction, the specific gravity is required to be more than 0.7t/m3, which can continue to serve for 8.5 years. After deducting the emergency storage capacity of about 250,000 m3, it can be fully landfilled to the end of 2025. 3) The existing leachate treatment area is located in the northwest of the landfill site, and the leachate treatment system is expanded within the scope of the existing site. A new biochemical tank with an effective volume of 600m3 will be built in the south of the current biochemical tank; after the removal of the existing combined tank, it will be rebuilt in the southeast corner of the membrane workshop; the new membrane system equipment and its auxiliary equipment will be arranged in the existing membrane workshop. The reconstruction and expansion of leachate treatment system needs to minimize the land occupation of civil engineering and equipment and facilities under the premise of ensuring the functions of each partition and ensuring the smooth process flow, and at the same time, it is convenient for daily operation and management. 4) The existing landfill area is located in the north of the landfill site, adjacent to the sanitary landfill area. In this project, the existing waste will be transferred to the sanitary landfill area, and the ecological restoration of the original site of the existing waste landfill area will be implemented to completely solve the pollution problem of the existing waste landfill area.

2.5.4 Transportation a) In-plant road The landfill site has built a dedicated access road for the landfill site. The access road from #021 County Road outside the site is connected to the landfill site from the northwest side of the site to the main dam of the sanitary landfill reservoir area in the east. The south branch road of the site road is connected to the Office building, and the north branch road is connected to the leachate treatment area. The original site roads are used in the subproject. The road in the site is cement pavement, the main road is about 6m wide, the pavement to the leachate treatment area is about 4m wide, and the pavement in front of the office building is about 10m wide.

b) The access road to the reservoir area has been built, and it is connected to the sanitary landfill reservoir area from the south side of the main garbage dam. The access roads in the reservoir area are temporary roads, and the temporary pavement structure of cement stabilized macadam is adopted. c) The access road of the landfill site is designed to be connected to the reservoir area from the temporary road in the sanitary landfill reservoir area. The access road of dump yard is temporary road, which adopts temporary pavement structure of cement stabilized macadam, with pavement width of 4m. d) The elevation of the expanded area road in the reservoir area is higher than that in the field road, so it is not convenient to enter from the road in the reservoir area. It is designed that #021 County Road in the northeast of the self filling site is connected to temporary construction access road. The temporary pavement structure of cement stabilized macadam is adopted, and the pavement width is 4m.

2.5.5 General layout 109. Main structures and technical and economic indicators.

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Table 2-11 list of main structures number Name Floor area (M2) Note

1 Main dam 180 Built

2 Leachate regulating tank 4,000 It has been built with an effective volume of 12,000 m3 3 Leachate treatment system 2,134 Built

4 Administration building 80 Built

5 Landfill gas combustion 90 To be newly build station

Table 2-12 main technical and economic indicators No. Items Unit Quantity Note

1 Total area of landfill area 10,000 10.6 Phase 1 (built) and phase 2 (to be M2 built under this subproject), first stage

2 Floor area of buildings M2 2200 Built (structures) 3 Area of roads and squares M2 4000 Built

4 Rainwater and sewage M 2590 Temporary anchorage ditch, diversion system permanent flood interception ditch and roadside drainage 5 Total remaining capacity 10,000 162 At present, the remaining 720,000 m3 m3 is left, and 900,000 m 3 is added in the expansion area 6 Treatment scale T/d 250 Design daily treatment scale

7 Remaining service life Year 8.5 Remaining service life of reservoir area after expansion

2.5.6 Design of treatment scheme for existing waste dump site

2.5.6.1 Excavation and transfer of existing waste

a) Waste transfer capacity According to the preliminary design, the amount of waste to be transferred in the subproject is about 243,500 T, and the volume is about 350,000 m3 calculated by 0.7t/m3. At the same time, considering the removal of contaminated topsoil, the cleaning depth is taken as 0.3m. According to the calculation of land occupation area (12,000m2 is the subproject area, the actual area should consider the coefficient of 1.1), the topsoil to be cleaned is about 4,000 m3. If the density is 1.3t/m3, the total is about 5,200 t. In conclusion, the total amount of materials to be transferred is 248,700 tons. b) Excavation method In the sanitary landfill site of domestic waste, the landfilling of domestic waste is carried out in layers. The garbage entering the site every day is stacked in a garbage layer. After being compacted and covered with soil, the garbage units form a garbage layer, and then stack up layer by layer.

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c) Transfer quantity Due to the short transfer distance, the direct transfer is adopted in this transfer, and the excavated waste is transferred to Zixing sanitary landfill site.

1) Waste transfer The rear eight-wheel dump truck (calculated according to the vehicle with a loading capacity of 12t) is uniformly selected as the garbage carrier. The container size of the dump truck is about 6000 × 2300 × 1100mm and the volume is about 15m3. The dump truck is equipped with a top cover, which can be opened and closed to facilitate the loading and sealing of garbage. According to the actual situation of Zixing sanitary landfill site, through communication, it is agreed that the maximum amount of garbage to be received from the landfill and treated by the sanitary landfill site is 1,500t per day. If the garbage is directly loaded and transported, if the bulk density of the loose garbage after excavation is 0.4t/m3, the garbage capacity of a single vehicle is 6T, the transfer distance is about 1km, and the transportation time is 20min. Considering that the landfill needs to receive and treat the garbage properly, the daily working time should be 8h ~ 10h, and each vehicle can transport 20 times a day. It takes 250 times to transport 1,500 tons of garbage every day, so it needs 13 transport vehicles. The direct transport mode transport vehicle can enter the dump site along with the excavator, and the loading efficiency is high. The bucket volume of large excavator is 3.0m3, the time of each bucket is 1min, and the volume of each vehicle is 15m3. Therefore, it takes 5min for each truck to load, 1,250mins for 250 times a day, and the working time should be 8h ~ 10h every day. Therefore, it is enough to equip three large excavators. 13 transport vehicles and 3 large excavators are considered for direct transfer, with bucket volume of 3.0m3.

2) Removal of surface contaminated soil The total amount of surface contaminated soil removed is about 4,000 m3. If the density is 1.3t/m3, the total amount is about 5200 t. Direct transportation is considered for this part of the subproject, which can only receive 1,500t per day. Working 8 hours a day, each trip takes 20 minutes, and each vehicle can transport 20 times a day. Based on the transportation of 15 tons per trip, each vehicle can transport 300 tons per day. Therefore, it is considered to provide 5 transport vehicles and 1 large excavator.

3) Transport cycle The transfer waste is 243,500 tons, the surface soil is 5,200 tons, and the receiving capacity of the sanitary landfill is 1,500 tons / day. Therefore, the garbage transfer cycle is 163 days and the surface soil transfer cycle is 4 days.

2.5.6.2 Sanitary landfill of existing waste 110. The method of "partition unit" landfill is adopted for the landfill of existing waste. One operation unit per day is determined according to the daily garbage treatment capacity of 1,500t /d. the operation area is 600m2, which can be designed as 60m × 100m. The process of landfill operation includes site preparation, installation of gas guide gabion well, waste transportation, dumping, paving, compaction and soil covering, and finally spraying and sterilizing; while landfilling, the stockpile is reshaped, and every 5m elevation is a sealing layer, and the slope is graded according to the height slope ratio of 1:3, and a 3.0m sealing platform is set for each layer.

2.5.6.3 Plugging of drainage pipe of leachate 111. During the construction of the sanitary landfill site, a DN400 HDPE pipe is set up as the leachate drainage pipe, which is connected to the leachate drainage layer of the landfill area from the reservoir area of the existing waste landfill area. After the waste in the landfill area is transferred to another site, the leachate drainage pipe shall be blocked to prevent rainwater and

Page | 55 groundwater from entering the leachate drainage layer of sanitary landfill reservoir area through the pipeline, and finally into the regulating pool.

Note: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 4. Existing waste dump site (Tangyilong); 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report

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2.5.6.4 Construction of original drainage pipe culvert 112. In order to prevent rainwater and groundwater from accumulating in the original site for a long time, the water level is too high, and overflow into the sanitary landfill area, or threaten the stability of the auxiliary dam, it is necessary to build a new drainage pipe culvert for diversion to the downstream reservoir. The drainage pipe culvert adopts HDPE pipe culvert with a diameter of about 500mm and a length of 60m, which is connected from the elevation of 149.00m, and connected to the downstream flood intercepting ditch along the existing northwest mountain to drain to the downstream reservoir.

2.5.6.5 Site shaping and ecological restoration 113. After the transfer of garbage, the original site terrain changes greatly and the terrain is steep, which is prone to collapse, scattering, dumping, collapse and sliding. In order to ensure the slope stability of the site, slope stability treatment measures should be taken before ecological restoration. After the transfer of the waste in the landfill area, the ecological restoration of the original site of the landfill area is carried out. The soil layer with a thickness of 500mm shall be set on the original site, and the site shall be afforested by laying turf and planting trees and shrubs.

2.5.6.6 Land use of original site 114. After the transfer of the stored garbage, the original site will form a depression, and the landscape pond will be constructed in the near future. In the long term, it can be planned to be a construction waste disposal area.

2.5.7 Scheme design for reconstruction and expansion of leachate treatment system

Page | 57 2.5.7.1 Leachate treatment scale 115.After upgrading and transformation, Zixing sanitary landfill will continue to operate normally until 2027, with an operation time of about 10 years. After 2027, Zixing municipal solid waste landfill will be transformed into emergency and standby landfill. In addition to the emergency landfill area, other landfill areas can be closed for treatment, and the output of leachate will be greatly reduced. After the final closure of the landfill site, the leachate treatment facilities generally need to be maintained for about 6-10 years. Therefore, considering the environmental protection, investment saving and operation cost reduction, the landfill leachate treatment scale should be designed according to the requirements of the operation period. The theoretical calculation value of leachate production in operation period is about 107.4m3/d. Considering a small amount of domestic and production wastewater, the treatment scale of leachate treatment system after transformation is effluent 120 m3 /d is suitable.

2.5.7.2 Upgradation of leachate treatment system 116.Since the current treatment process of leachate treatment system in Zixing city is MBR system + ultrafiltration + nanofiltration, the quality of effluent is not stable. If the waste from the existing landfill site is transferred, the amount of leachate will be increased and the effluent quality will be further affected. Therefore, the leachate treatment system should be upgraded simultaneously.

117.The process of "MBR + NF + RO" is adopted in the reconstruction and expansion of leachate. Bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient water treatment technology combining biotechnology and membrane technology, especially suitable for the treatment of high load organic wastewater and landfill leachate. The process can intercept all biomass in the reactor, and obtain long sludge age and high suspended solid concentration, which is conducive to the growth of slow growing nitrogen fixing bacteria and digestive bacteria, thus strengthening the nitrification capacity of activated sludge, maintaining a low organic loading rate (F / M), making the yield of residual sludge smaller, and the system operation more flexible and stable. The results show that MBR + NF + RO process can reach the standard for pollution control of municipal solid waste landfill (GB 16889-2008) table 2 standard. However, due to the need for biochemical treatment, the combined process occupies a relatively large area.

Figure 2-19 MBR treatment process flow chart

118.In order to improve the effluent quality of nanofiltration and ultrafiltration systems, referring to similar projects, the "one-stage AO" process of the existing biochemical system is transformed into a "two-stage AO" process to improve the denitrification efficiency; a group of "MBR + NF" systems are added to expand the treatment scale of the system; and RO system is added at the end, with the design treatment scale of effluent 120m3/d. The leachate treatment system is composed of four parts: a) pretreatment system; b) membrane bioreactor MBR system; c) nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration system; d) reverse osmosis (RO)

Page | 58 system. MBR + NF + RO process is used to treat leachate, which overcomes the disadvantage that biochemical treatment is difficult to meet the standard. The effluent effect can meet the table 2 standard of "pollution control standard for domestic waste landfill" (GB 16889-2008). Improve the stability of effluent quality and ensure that the effluent meets the standard. At the same time, in order to reduce the amount of concentrated solution reinjection, a set of concentrated solution reduction device is designed. The system process flow chart is as follows:

Figure 2-20 process flow diagram of leachate treatment system

2.5.8 Design of landfill gas collection system

2.5.8.1 Gas collection of existing waste dump 119. Since 2000, there are 16 years’ span. As the dump is a simple stacking site without intermediate covering and compaction, the garbage is in a loose state and only settles by its own weight. Therefore, the landfill gas generated directly enters the atmospheric environment and continuously dilutes and diffuses with the gas convection. Therefore, the landfill gas in the surface garbage less likely accumulates a lot.

120. Considering that the total amount of waste in the subproject is not large, and the excavation of waste is started after several years of landfill, the amount of landfill gas spilled from the dump is less, the economy is poor, and it is not worth collecting and utilizing. Therefore, the special landfill gas utilization measures and equipment are not considered in the process design.

121. Considering the potential risk of landfill gas, the feasibility study recommends the use of excavators for slope stratification. In the actual operation process, the excavated garbage should be removed immediately to prevent air from seeping into the dredged waste layer to neutralize methane and form oxygen-containing mixed gas.

122. At the same time, the construction site is required to be equipped with gas detection equipment with automatic alarm function. Once the concentration of harmful gas exceeds the standard, safety measures such as evacuation of personnel shall be taken quickly, and open fire is strictly prohibited at the construction site.

Page | 59 2.5.8.2 Gas collection of sanitary landfill 123. There are only 5 gas conducting gabion wells in the built landfill area of Zixing municipal solid waste landfill site, which are small in number, and there are graded broken stones inside the gabion wells, which affect the normal discharge of landfill gas, and can not meet the requirements of the specification. Therefore, 35 gas conducting gabion wells are newly added in the existing sanitary landfill reservoir area (phase 1, already built) and 29 gas conducting gabion wells are newly built in the sanitary landfill reservoir area (phase 2, to be built under this subproject). At the same time, a new landfill gas combustion station will be built in the northwest hilltop to connect the gabion well with the HDPE collection pipe, and finally collected to the landfill gas combustion station for combustion treatment.

2.5.8.2.1 Gas generation forecast 124. According to the preliminary design report of the subproject, the total service life of the subproject is 14 years. After calculation, it is determined that the initial annual output of landfill gas is 1.01 × 105Nm3 (276.712Nm3 /d), the peak annual output is 26.53 × 105Nm3 (72,68.49Nm3 /d) in 2026, and 6.54 × 105Nm3 (1,791.78Nm3 /d) in 2030. The total gas generation from 2025 to 2040 will be 241.47 × 105Nm3 after emergency standby landfill site.

2.5.8.2.2 Active collection scheme 125. The subproject adopts the active collection scheme. The active collection scheme includes vertical drainage system and horizontal collection and drainage system. The subproject mainly uses vertical drainage system to guide landfill gas.

126. Due to the small number of gas conducting gabion wells set in the phase 1 of landfill site and the internal grading of gabion wells, the normal discharge of landfill gas is affected. According to the calculation, 64 gas conducting gabion wells are needed in the whole landfill site.

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127. Refer to article 5.1.3 of "technical code for collection, treatment and utilization of landfill gas in domestic waste landfill" (CJJ133-2009), "drilling method shall be used to set guide gas wells for in use or out of service landfill sites without gas collection facilities". Therefore, in this design, the gas guide gabion well is buried in the buried area by drilling and pipe laying, and the gas gabion is set by layer rising method in the non landfill area and the expansion area.

128. The gas-conducting gabion well adopts the layer-by-layer ascending method, the gabion diameter is 1,000mm, and the lead wire mesh is outside (aperture ≤ 20mm). There is a DN200 HDPE gas pipe inside, and the gas pipe is filled with 20-80mm particle size gradation. gravel. According to the calculation of the service radius of a single gas-conducting gabion well of 20m, 13 gas-conducting gabions (the layer-by-layer ascending method) need to be added to the built reservoir area, and 29 gas-conducting gabions ( ascending layer by layer)..

129. The gabion wells are set on the waste dump in the built landfill area by drilling method, and the rotary excavators are hired to bury DN200 gas conducting bored pipes to guide the discharge of landfill gas. In this subproject, 22 gas gabion wells are set in the built storage area by using the drilling method.

130. Hose connection is used to connect the gas guide gabion well and the collection hole pipe, so as to absorb the relative displacement between the garbage settlement and the rigid exhaust pipe, protect the top cover when the garbage is sealed in the future, and avoid the pulling and damage between the suction pipe, the gas collecting branch pipe and the geotechnical materials of the top cover.

131. Due to the short follow-up landfill life, the gas generation of this subproject will decrease rapidly. The utilization of landfill gas will not be considered. The output and composition of landfill gas will be monitored at any time during the landfill process. When the concentration reaches a certain concentration, a landfill gas combustion device will be set up for combustion treatment at the mountain top in the northwest of the reservoir area.

Page | 61 2.5.9 Rainwater and sewage diversion system

Note: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 2. Leachate regulating pool (with floating cover); 3. Leachate treatment workshop; 4. Existing waste

dump site (Tangyilong); 5. Administration building; 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report

2.5.9.1 Repair of rainwater and sewage diversion system 132. In the process of landfill operation, there are a large area of units to be landfilled. It is of great significance to collect and discharge the unpolluted surface runoff from these catchment areas separately to reduce the sewage production. In the subproject, the anchorage ditch set on each anchorage platform can be used as temporary flood interception ditch. According to the actual situation of the location of the landfill area, the rainwater collected by the temporary anchor ditch is connected to the external flood intercepting ditch, and finally discharged into the downstream water body. Under normal conditions, the anti-seepage membrane is anchored by the way of filling certain thickness of bagged gravel for temporary flood interception ditch. The space of crushed stone with membrane pressing is large and has a certain capacity of water discharge, and there is a certain depth of space in the ditch for rainwater and sewage diversion. At present, the anchor ditches in the landfill are filled with gravel, and the porosity is small, so it is difficult to guide and drain rainwater. The scheme is designed to dredge the anchorage ditch (temporary drainage ditch) and flood interception ditch in the landfill area, and repair the damaged section of the ring field flood interception ditch. In order to prevent damage to the anti-seepage system in the reservoir area, the dredging work of anchor ditch (temporary drainage ditch) and ring field flood intercepting ditch is prevented. The gravel in the ditch is excavated manually and transported out of the reservoir area in bags. The temporary anchor ditch to be dredged and trimmed is about 660m, and the temporary drainage ditch to be dredged and trimmed is about 340m. The flood intercepting ditch that needs to be repaired shall be included in the subproject of anchorage ditch to be continued in the storage

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2.5.9.2 Rainwater and sewage diversion measures 133. The site drainage in the living and management area and leachate treatment area is drained in an organized way by using the site slope; the site drainage in the landfill area is drained by anchor ditch and flood intercepting ditch. The cross-section of flood intercepting ditch is treated with variable cross-section according to the change of catchment area and hydraulic gradient; when the flow in the ditch changes from rapid flow to slow flow, the method of falling water is adopted to dissipate energy.

2.5.9.2.1 Permanent flood interception ditch 134. In order to timely intercept and discharge the rainwater outside the landfill site in rainy season, so as to reduce the generation of leachate, permanent flood intercepting ditch around the landfill site is built. After the closure of the reservoir area, the rainwater collected by the surface drainage ditch is also discharged into the flood intercepting ditch, and the rainwater collected by the intercepting ditch is discharged into the downstream water body of the landfill area. The discharge capacity of the intercepting ditch is designed according to the 50 year return period flood volume, and the 100 year return period flood volume is checked. The flood intercepting ditch at the boundary of the landfill area has been constructed along with the current landfill reservoir area, which can basically meet the requirements. Only the damaged part can be repaired in the expansion project.

2.5.9.2.2 Temporary flood intercepting ditch 135. During the operation of landfill area, there are a large area of units to be landfilled. It is of great significance to collect and discharge the uncontaminated surface runoff from these catchment areas separately to reduce the leachate production. In the subproject, the anchorage ditch set on each anchorage platform can be used as temporary flood interception ditch. According to the actual situation of the location of the landfill area, the rainwater collected by the temporary anchor ditch is connected to the external flood intercepting ditch, and finally discharged into the downstream water body.

2.5.9.2.3 Temporary coverage 136. Covering operation is an important link in the operation of landfill site, which is of great significance to the surrounding ecological environment and the working environment of workers. Daily covering can minimize the exposure of garbage, reduce the odor volatilization and the flying of garbage debris, reduce the risk of disease transmission through vectors (such as birds, insects, rats, etc.), reduce the risk of fire and improve road traffic Tonghe landfill landscape. Covering garbage is not only the requirement of landfill technology, but also the need of protecting the surrounding ecological environment and improving the living environment of surrounding residents. At present, there are two kinds of covering materials: soil source covering and film covering. If soil source covering is used, the covering materials are usually taken from the nearest place, and it is generally not suitable to set up a temporary storage yard to stack a large number of soil sources for landfill and cover in the future. In rainy season, on the one hand, it will cause soil erosion, on the other hand, the moisture content of soil is too high to cover, and it is difficult to take soil. According to the site conditions, if the temporary land acquisition is conducted near the site, a larger borrow area is required. On the one hand, land acquisition is difficult and there are few soil sources meeting the requirements. On the other hand, vegetation is easy to be destroyed, resulting in soil erosion at the site. Therefore, the design adopts the membrane covering method. For the area completed daily, 1.0 mm HDPE is used for temporary covering, and the covering membrane is laid to reduce the infiltration of rainwater, and the landfill site is sealed in time.

2.5.10 Expansion of sanitary landfill reservoir area 2.5.10.1 Site foundation clearing and leveling

Page | 63 137. the current landfill reservoir area. All vegetation, surface cultivated soil, miscellaneous fill, muddy soil, etc. on the slope shall be removed, tree roots, bamboo roots and weeds shall be removed, and all cracks and holes shall be treated. According to the requirements of "construction standard for sanitary landfill treatment project of domestic waste" (JB 124-2009) and "technical code for sanitary landfill treatment of domestic waste" (GB 50869-2013), the foundation at the bottom of the reservoir must be natural soil with bearing capacity or a stable layer after rolling, and the bottom of the reservoir must not be deformed due to the decomposition and settlement of landfill waste; the bottom of the reservoir must have a vertical and horizontal slope of no less than 2%.

138. Bulldozers are used to level and compact the bottom of the landfill site. The longitudinal (east-west) slope is designed according to the natural slope of the reservoir bottom (the slope is 2%), and the transverse (north-south) slope is toward the longitudinal center line of the reservoir bottom. Form a slope of no less than 2% from the surrounding points to the regulating pool, and compact the reservoir bottom and slope, so that the compaction degree of the clay layer at the bottom of the reservoir area is not less than 93%.

139. The compaction degree of the clay layer on the slope of the reservoir area is not less than 90%, which is used as the natural anti-seepage liner and the foundation of artificial anti-seepage. The slope leveling starts from the boundary of phase 1 landfill reservoir area, and the slope gradient after correction should not be greater than 1:2. In order to avoid the damage to the anti-seepage membrane caused by the hard edges and corners of the exposed rock after excavation, the slope leveling requires no protruding hard objects, and the rock slope needs shotcrete leveling. In the landfill operation, the geocomposite drainage grid on the slope geotextile is used as the protective layer to prevent the seepage control system from being damaged during the landfill operation, and to guide and drain the leachate from the slope.

2.5.10.2 Anti seepage system 140. As the subproject is an expansion project, a complete anti-seepage system has been built in phase 1. therefore, the anti-seepage system in the expansion area shall be butt welded with the boundary of the first stage anti-seepage system to form a complete anti-seepage system.

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Not e: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 2. Leachate regulating pool (with floating cover); 3. Leachate treatment workshop; 4. Existing waste dump site (Tangyilong); 5. Administration building; 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report

2.5.10.2.1 Selection of seepage control methods 141. According to the hydrological and engineering geological conditions of the site, in order to achieve better anti-seepage effect, according to the "technical code for anti-seepage system engineering of domestic waste sanitary landfill site (CJJ133-2007)" and "technical code for sanitary landfill treatment of domestic waste" (GB 50869-2013), the characteristics of the landfill, project cost, anti-seepage effect, construction quality control and other factors are comprehensively considered, "single layer artificial anti-seepage composite liner structure" is adopted in domestic waste landfill area.

2.5.10.2.2 Design of seepage control system for domestic waste landfill 142. In order to strengthen the protection measures of groundwater and protect the surrounding ecological environment, the anti-seepage structure of "HDPE geomembrane + GCL" is adopted for the slope. The mountains on both sides of the reservoir area of the subproject are stable, so the slope cleaning shall not damage the stability of the mountain. The slope of the reservoir area shall be graded according to the natural terrain, and the slope gradient shall be 1:2, and the local steep slope shall not be greater than 1:1. The anti-seepage system layer of slope is composed of four layers: the bottom-up is the foundation layer: the soil compaction degree should not be less than 90%; the protective layer under the membrane: using non-woven geotextile, the specification should not be less than 600g / M; GCL impervious layer: the permeability coefficient should not be greater than 5.0 × 10-9cm / s, the specification should not be less than 4800G / M; the anti-seepage layer: HDPE geomembrane should be used, with double rough surface and thickness of 2.0 mm; the protective layer on the membrane: the nonwoven geotextile should be used, and the specification should not be less

Page | 65 than 600g / M; the leachate diversion and buffer layer: the geotextile composite drainage network with a thickness of 5mm should be used. In order to better fix the anti-seepage membrane, a 3.0m wide anchoring platform is set at every 10m elevation in the reservoir area, and an anchor ditch is set on the anchoring platform. The anchoring ditch is of rectangular cross-section. For details, 0.4m-thick plain concrete is laid on the HDPE membrane in the anchorage ditch as the protection of the membrane.

2.5.10.3 Leachate collection system 143. Leachate drainage system of landfill area is set as follows: (1) Current situation of horizontal collection and drainage system horizontal collection and drainage system has been built at the bottom of reservoir area. The horizontal collection and drainage system is laid above the horizontal anti-seepage isolation layer at the bottom of the reservoir, including diversion layer, diversion blind ditch, diversion main pipe and branch pipe. The continued reservoir area is located on the slope of the existing reservoir area, and the leachate can enter the reservoir bottom along the slope, and pass through the leachate drainage layer at the bottom of the reservoir to the downstream leachate regulating pool. (2) Vertical collection and drainage system in this project, the gas guide gabion well is used as the vertical collection and drainage well of leachate. In addition to the garbage gas in the garbage dump, the well also has the leachate inside the garbage dump to be quickly collected and discharged into the leachate diversion layer.

2.5.11 Main quantities and total investment 144. The comprehensive treatment project of Zixing city dump garbage includes 51.9103 million yuan of construction and installation engineering cost and 445.35 million yuan of other engineering costs. The total estimated investment is 62.5155 million yuan.

Table 2-13 list of main quantities No. Items Specification Unit number remarks and model 1 Waste transfer in Ten thousand 24.87 Including dump yard tons pollution caused by over excavated soil 2 Ecological restoration 10000 M2 2 of reservoir bottom 3 Leachate treatment system

Page | 66 3.1 Combined treatment 100m3/d Set 1 pool 3.2 Biochemical 100m3/d Set 1 combination pool 3.3 Membrane treatment 200m3/d Set 1 workshop and distribution room 3.4 Production service 200m3/d Set 1 room 3.5 Concentrate treatment 50m3/d Set 1 system 3.6 Online monitoring Set 1 system 3.7 General layout Set 1

4 Other upgrades

4.1 Separation of rain and term 1 sewage 4.2 Landfill gas collection term 1

4.3 Access road outside M 300 the plant

2.5.12 Disaster prevention and soil and water conservation design

1. Disaster prevention and control

145. Garbage disposal is an environmental treatment project, and its successful construction and operation is of great significance to improve people's quality of life. Therefore, in the early stage of the subproject, the adverse factors that may appear after the construction and during construction should be evaluated and corresponding preventive measures should be taken. If the early stage of the subproject is not well considered, lack of predictability, or improper treatment of possible disasters that may affect the implementation of the subproject, it will seriously violate the construction significance of the subproject, cause great harm to the lives of the people nearby.

146. The subproject design fully considers the following issues: （1） According to the seismic parameter zoning map of China (GB 18306-2001), the peak ground motion acceleration α is less than 0.05g, and the characteristic period of seismic response spectrum is t = 0.35s. The landfill site belongs to non seismic effect area, so the seismic fortification of the building can not be considered. （2） The setting of permanent flood intercepting ditch in the site reduces the collection of rainwater in the landfill reservoir area and also reduces the erosion of the slope. （3） During the landfill operation and after the closure of the landfill site, the methane and other dangerous gases produced by anaerobic fermentation of garbage are guided and finally treated by the gas conduction system, which can prevent the occurrence of explosion and combustion disasters. （4） After the landfill is closed, the site shall be closed and afforested in time to prevent rainwater infiltration and dust pollution. （5） In the dump yard transfer, although the natural slope of the dump is stable at present, the stability and support problems of the artificial slope inevitably exist after

Page | 67 excavation. In this design, the excavation method is fully considered to ensure the slope stability and excavation safety. （6） In the process of garbage excavation and transportation, all kinds of toxic and harmful gases, such as methane and other dangerous gases, are monitored in real time, which can prevent the occurrence of explosion and combustion disasters. （7） After the implementation of the subproject, the landfill site should be afforested in time to prevent landslides and other geological problems.

2. Soil and water conservation

147. During the construction of the subproject, the original landform of the landfill construction area will be changed, the existing surface vegetation will be destroyed, the surface will be disturbed and soil erosion will be caused. Therefore, according to the requirements of relevant national laws and regulations on soil and water conservation, the contractor should adhere to the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive planning, comprehensive prevention and control, suit measures to local conditions, strengthen management, and pay attention to benefits", and adhere to the "simultaneous design, simultaneous construction, and simultaneous operation" system of soil and water conservation measures and main project construction, it is necessary to take corresponding soil and water conservation measures to prevent and control soil erosion caused by engineering construction. According to the technical specification for water and soil conservation scheme of development and construction projects, the scope of responsibility for soil and water loss prevention and control of the subproject includes the subproject construction area and the directly affected area. • Project construction area: refers to the scope of land acquisition and land use jurisdiction, including landfill reservoir area, production management area and other construction areas. • Direct impact area: except for the subproject construction area, the water and soil loss caused by development and construction activities and its direct harm scope, including dumping waste site and other areas disturbed by construction.

148. The closure of landfill site, in addition to stockpile shaping, also has the necessary amount of earth excavation and backfill, which will inevitably have a certain impact on the natural conditions of the surrounding area. In order to reduce the impact, the design fully considers the problem of soil and water conservation.

149. The impact of the subproject on water and soil mainly includes the occupation of land during the construction period, the temporary transportation road, the stacking of construction materials, the stacking of construction waste soil, etc., which occupy or destroy part of the artificial vegetation and natural vegetation; in addition, if the high excavation or filling slope formed in the construction process is not properly handled, it will cause collapse and cause water and soil loss; the soil quality of construction waste soil is loose and easy to be rainfall And surface runoff erosion, if the disposal and management is not good, it is easy to cause soil erosion and siltation.

150. Soil and water conservation measures are as follows: （1） During the construction process, temporary rain proof measures such as membrane covering shall be taken for the shaped stockpile and excavated slope in time to avoid the erosion and damage of the slope caused by rainwater. （2） Rainwater and flood intercepting ditches are set around the reservoir area to ensure the separation of rainwater and sewage, and the rainwater outside the landfill area is directly collected and discharged. （3） For the surplus earth and stone in the process of stockpile shaping in the landfill area, a temporary stacking site is set up, and drainage ditches are set around the site for

Page | 68 protection. The surplus earthwork is used for landfill cover and backfill, and the spoil is transported out in time. （4） Landscaing is carried out in the site area, around the site and on the waste dump after the site is closed to form a beautiful environment and reduce soil erosion. （5） At present, the vegetation on the site of the waste dump is developed to a certain extent, and the exposed part is less. Once the subproject is implemented, a large area of soil layer will be exposed. If it is not restored in time, it is likely to cause soil erosion. Therefore, landscaping should be carried out around the site after treatment to form a beautiful environment. In the process of excavation, the slope stability and landscaping work should be done well. Climbing plants are designed and arranged for the high and steep rock surface at the external boundary of the reservoir area and the slopes that are not easy to be treated by engineering measures, so as to prevent the rapid weathering of the exposed rock surface and beautify the environment. （6） For all kinds of low and gentle slopes formed by filling and excavation outside the site or other slope angles less than the natural stability of soil. The disturbed slope is treated with turf.

3. Fire protection design

（1） The domestic waste landfill site is equipped with fire pool, fire hydrant and special fire passage to meet the fire control requirements of landfill site. （2） A 8m wide fire isolation belt is set outside the flood intercepting ditch around the landfill reservoir area to meet the fire control requirements of the reservoir area. （3） A certain amount of dry powder fire extinguisher shall be provided in the leachate treatment room and landfill gas collection equipment room of landfill buildings.

151. Overview of buildings and structures. The height of productive structures and auxiliary buildings in the subproject is less than 20m. According to the classification of fire risk, it belongs to class E building with fire resistance rating of grade III. there are no inflammable and explosive materials in each building, and only a few flammable and explosive chemical reagents are found in the laboratory.

Fire fighting system. According to the requirements of fire protection design code and the nature, structure, area and volume of each structure, the fire protection system is designed as follows: Fire water supply system in production area. Fire protection device for electrical equipment in distribution room. ① Chemical fire prevention device of production structure. ② ③152. Fire protection design. Under normal production conditions, the subproject is generally not prone to fire. Only in the case of operation error, violation of regulations, improper management and other abnormal production conditions or accidents, the fire may be caused by various factors. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of fire or reduce the loss caused by fire, according to the policy of "prevention first, prevention and elimination combined", the corresponding preventive measures are taken in the design of the subproject.

153. General layout.The access road in the site shall be used as the fire fighting channel. The space between buildings is in accordance with the requirements of code for fire protection design of buildings on fire protection spacing and fire compartment; there is no civil building around the leachate treatment station. Safety signs and signal devices shall be set up in places with high fire risk, and corresponding identification colors shall be applied to all kinds of medium pipelines in the design. About 8 m fire-proof isolation belt is set around the reservoir

Page | 69 area of domestic waste landfill to meet the fire-fighting requirements of the site boundary. A certain amount of fire-fighting sand and soil shall be stored at appropriate locations beside the permanent roads in the reservoir area. Fire hydrants and a certain amount of dry powder fire extinguishers are built in the buildings of the landfill site.

154. Architecture. Fire compartment: the building area of each building is less than the requirement of fire compartment. Therefore, no fire compartment is set for single building (except distribution room); only fire wall is set in distribution room. Chemical fire extinguisher: two ammonium polyphosphate dry powder fire extinguishers are set at the entrance of distribution room and central control room.

155. Electrical. According to the fire code and the situation of each building, the designed fire protection system is not equipped with electrical equipment and fire alarm device, and the fire power supply only considers the power supply for emergency lighting. Emergency lighting power supply can not only be supplied by low-voltage distribution system, but also be powered by standby diesel generator through automatic switching device. In addition, the buildings are also equipped with automatic emergency lights with DC batteries. The main transformer room is equipped with oil collecting tank. When the transformer fails, the accident oil is discharged to the outdoor accident oil pit through the oil drain pipe. Portable and ammonium polyphosphate dry powder fire extinguishers are used for fire prevention of electrical equipment, and 2 ammonium polyphosphate dry powder fire extinguishers and sandbox are equipped at the entrance of transformer room, power distribution room and central control room.

156. Fire water supply. The fire water supply of the subproject is supplied by the municipal water supply pipe network, and a group of ground type outdoor fire hydrants are set in the leachate treatment area, and the protection radius is less than 120m.

2.5.13 Subproject energy consumption

157. The main energy consumption in the construction process of the subproject is the energy consumption for the transfer of the stockpiled garbage and the expansion of the reservoir area, and the main types of energy consumption are power consumption and petroleum consumption.

158. After the completion of the subproject, the main energy consumption types of the landfill site are power consumption and water consumption, and the energy consumption working medium is mainly fresh water.

159. The fuel consumption of the waste dump is calculated as follows.

Table 2-14 Fuel consumption of waste in transfer

S. Item Number Daily working Duration Unit fuel Total fuel N hours consumpt consumpt . ion ion 1 Transfer of stockpiled waste 1.1 Excavator (3m3) 3 sets 10h 163 days 30L/h 146.7t 1.2 Transport 15 sets 10h 163 days 20L/h 489t vehicle (15m3) 2 Transfer of contaminated topsoil 2.1 Excavator (3m3) 1 set 8h 4 days 30L/h 0.96t

Page | 70 2.2 Transport 5 sets 8h 4 days 20L/h 3.2t vehicle (15m3) 3 security landfill 3.1 Bulldozer 2 sets 10h 167 days 15L/h 50.1t 3.2 Compactor 2 sets 10h 167 days 15L/h 50.1t Total 740.06t Fuel consumption per unit mass of transferred waste 3L/t

160. The fuel consumption of the reservoir area is calculated as follows.

S.N. Item Number Daily working Duration Unit fuel Total hours consumpt fuel ion consu mption 1 Site foundation clearing and leveling 1.1 Excavator with 5 sets 8h 5 days 20L/h 4.0t scraper 1.2 Loader 5 sets 8h 5 days 15L/h 3.0t total 7.0t

161. The power consumption of the subproject mainly occurs in the equipment power consumption of leachate treatment area. Comprehensive power consumption of leachate treatment 50 kW · H / M 3. During the operation period, the annual treatment of leachate is 54,800 m3, and the annual power consumption is about 2.74 × 106kw · H. equivalent to 336.75t of standard coal and water consumption (1369.75m3 / a) is equivalent to 118kg of standard coal.

162. Water consumption.The fresh water in this project mainly occurs in backwashing water supplement and domestic water in membrane workshop. The amount of backwash water and recharging water in membrane workshop are 5% and 2%, respectively. The annual leachate treatment in operation period is 54,800 m3. The recharging water volume of fresh water is about 1096m3 / a. The domestic water consumption is considered as 15 persons, the water consumption index is 50L / person · shift, the water consumption time is 8h / day, the hourly variation coefficient is taken as 2.5, and the daily water consumption is about 273.75m3/a based on 0.75m3/d. The total water consumption is 1,369.75m3/a.

163. Changyilong landfill site has been built and operated for about 7 years, with stable power source and power supply system. The water supply system in the plant area is complete, but the water supply is unstable, and the water supply is often stopped at night. Therefore, a spare water tank is added outside the membrane workshop in this project to ensure the stability of water supply.

164. The main energy consumption of the subproject is the petroleum consumption during the construction period and the power consumption of leachate treatment system equipment. The results show that the petroleum consumption of the waste is about 3L / T, and the petroleum consumption level is average 50KW · H / M ~ 3, which belongs to the general power consumption level.

（1） The total energy consumption of the subproject is moderate and the consumption structure is reasonable. （2） In line with the national, local and industrial energy-saving standards and specifications.

Page | 71 （3） The total energy consumption of the subproject is not high, and the impact of electric energy and fresh water on the local consumption of the industry is not large: the energy used for the implementation of the subproject is water and electricity, both of which are conventional energy. The energy consumption of the subproject itself is moderate, and the energy supply in the subproject location is sufficient and convenient. Therefore, the subproject has little impact on local energy consumption.

165. Energy saving measures. Diesel oil is the main energy consumption in the transfer process of waste dump, and the reduction of fuel consumption can be solved by the following two ways: （1） Try to select low fuel consumption machinery and equipment, and achieve the purpose of fuel saving by reducing the unit fuel consumption; （2） Through reasonable operation and management, the efficiency can be greatly improved. At the same time, the selection of skilled and excellent drivers can greatly reduce the fuel consumption loss caused by the unreasonable use of mechanical equipment in the use process. After the domestic waste landfill is converted into emergency standby landfill site, the selection of low power consumption equipment and reasonable operation are the main considerations for energy saving of leachate treatment equipment.

166. In the design process, the following technical energy-saving measures are adopted to reduce power consumption: （1） Low power consumption equipment should be selected as far as possible to control power consumption from the source to achieve the purpose of power saving; （2） Select skilled and excellent operators to save power consumption; According to the change of water quality, the aeration rate and the operating pressure of membrane system should be adjusted to reduce the waste of energy consumption.

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3. Environmental impact and risk analysis9

3.1 Environmental impact identification

3.1.1 Project process flow 167. The subproject is treated by transferring waste to adjacent sanitary landfill site. At the same time, the current treatment process of Zixing sanitary landfill site is ultrafiltration + nanofiltration leachate treatment system, and the leachate treatment system is upgraded. Therefore, Zixing storage landfill only has a certain negative impact on the surrounding environment during the construction process, and the completion of treatment has a certain positive impact on the regional environment.

3.1.2 Pollution sources during construction 168. The main pollution sources during the construction period are construction dust, construction machinery noise, domestic waste and construction waste and other solid wastes. During the construction of the subproject, the exposed soil will cause the content of suspended particles in the atmosphere to increase rapidly, which will seriously affect the surrounding environment. During the construction period, the dust mainly comes from the excavation of diversion ditch, loading and unloading of building materials, and vehicle driving. According to similar projects, the main source of dust in the construction site is the operation of transport vehicles. The noise during construction mainly comes from various construction machinery. During the subproject construction, due to vehicle transportation and other reasons, the traffic will become crowded and frequent, which is easy to cause traffic noise, and this influence will disappear with the end of the subproject. During the construction of the subproject, a certain amount of solid waste such as domestic waste and construction waste will be produced.

3.1.2.1 waste water a) domestic sewage 169. The domestic sewage during the construction period of the subproject mainly includes fecal sewage and cleaning sewage, and the main pollution factors are cod, NH3-N and SS. The amount of domestic sewage is calculated as 100L / person · day. According to the nature and scale of the subproject and the situation of similar projects, it is preliminarily estimated that the number of construction personnel of the subproject is about 30. Therefore, the total domestic sewage production is 3m3 /d, and the wastewater discharge is about 80% of the output, so the wastewater discharge is about 2.4m3/d. The main pollutants and their contents in domestic sewage are: cod: 400mg /l, BOD5: 150mg /l, NH3-N: 30mg /l, SS: 250mg /l,

9 Three factors are taken into account for combined impacts/risks analysis other than separated , resulted from the proposed change: (a) The immedicate adjacency/geographic overlap of the original component and the proposed expansion. (b) Both the original component and the proposed expansion have not yet started, and will be implemented/operated by same contractor (for package C-ZX01 only) /same operator. And (c) The four key adverse impacts (surface/ground water quality, leachate collection and treatment, odor and landfill gas, soil erosion) as well as six key risks (waste dam break,heavy rainfall,leachate lining layer damage,leachate direct discharge,landfill gas explosion) will be applicable to both the original component and the proposed expansion. Prominently, the proposed expansion itself may contribute higher waste dam break risk. Therefore, the holistic method is more appropriate to evaluate the impacts/risks from the proposed scope change.

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animal and vegetable oil: 30mg /l.

b) Construction wastewater 170. The sludge containing wastewater generated in the construction process should be set up for sedimentation, and the supernatant should be reused, and the remaining part should be used for landscaping and irrigation.

3.1.2.2 Atmosphere a) Construction dust 171. The air pollution in the construction process mainly comes from the dust from the construction site and the transport vehicles. During the whole construction period, dust generation operations include garbage stockpile leveling, excavation, backfilling, site sealing and covering, garbage transportation, etc. the dust amount near the ground of the construction site is affected by various factors such as construction machinery, construction method, management mode, weather, surface soil quality, etc. TSP concentration in the atmospheric environment of the general construction site can reach 1.5 ~ 30mg / m3.

b) Fuel exhaust 172. The operating machinery includes trucks, crawler excavators and other fuel machinery, and the main pollutants emitted are co, NO2 and total hydrocarbon. The emission coefficient of construction machinery per vehicle is large, but the number of construction machinery is small and scattered, and its pollution degree is relatively light. According to the monitoring of similar projects, the average concentration of CO and NO2 emitted by construction machinery can meet the requirements of corresponding standards.

c) Odor 173. The odor pollution sources are mainly the odor generated in the process of waste excavation, shaping and transportation, and the odor released during the construction of landfill gas collection system. The shaping of garbage dump is mainly filled with soil. The local slope does not meet the requirements of site closure. The odor generated during the process of shaping is relatively large, and the odor concentration can reach 40 (dimensionless). Pedestrians on the surrounding roads adjacent to the dump may be affected to a certain extent. However, the time of odor impact can be reduced by covering soil immediately after finishing. The waste shaping time is centralized to avoid the odor generated by long-term construction to the surrounding environment. However, with the completion and operation of landfill gas collection system, landfill gas is oxidized by biological cover layer, which can greatly reduce the emission of landfill gas. In the process of garbage transportation, the odor diffusion condition is good, and the time is short, so the impact is small.

3.1.2.3 Noise 174. Construction noise can be divided into mechanical noise, construction noise and construction vehicle noise. Mechanical noise is mainly caused by construction machinery, such as excavation machinery, leveling machinery, drilling machinery, rolling machinery, etc., and most of them are point sources; construction noise mainly refers to some sporadic knocking noise, collision noise of loading and unloading vehicles, mostly instantaneous noise. Among these construction noises, mechanical noise has the greatest impact on the acoustic environment. The noise source intensity and influence range of construction machinery are related to the types of machinery. The source intensity and influence status of

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different construction machinery are shown in the table below.

Table 3-1 noise level of main construction machinery and equipment No. Name of Average a sound level at 5m away from equipment construction dB (a) equipment 1 Loader 90 2 Excavating 85 machinery 3 Air compressor 80 4 Pneumatic pick 81 5 Vibrating spear 87 6 Piling machine 87 7 Cutting machine 90 8 Electric drill 86 9 Transport vehicles 80 3.1.2.4 Solid waste a) domestic garbage 175. If the domestic waste is calculated as 0.8kg/person · day, and the construction personnel is about 30 people / day, then the domestic waste generated during the construction period is about 0.024t/d。

b) spoil 176. The subproject waste is mainly waste earthwork and waste residue generated from site leveling, stockpile shaping, road laying and other construction activities. The construction waste earthwork and waste residue can be used as site closure cover fill or landscape landscaping soil, which can be consumed in the subproject without off-site treatment. The quantity of waste transfer project in Zixing existing dump is 350,000 m3 of garbage and 4,000 m3 of contaminated topsoil, which are finally transported to Zixing sanitary landfill for landfill disposal. There is no spoil ground in the subproject.

3.1.3 Pollution sources during operation 3.1.3.1 Waste water 177. After the completion of the subproject, the waste water mainly comes from the landfill leachate.

a) Main sources of leachate 1) Produced by garbage itself The water contained in the garbage is extruded after being compacted by landfill; the moisture produced by biochemical hydrolysis of organic matter in garbage. 2) External water seeping into the waste body Atmospheric rainfall seeps into the garbage. According to the fact that the amount of leachate in landfill site is related to the nature and quantity of landfill, and the garbage body

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has certain water holding capacity, the water production of general garbage itself is relatively small. The amount and variation of leachate in landfill site are mainly determined by external factors, such as atmospheric rainfall, watershed area, underground runoff and drainage facilities. For the landfill site with artificial anti-seepage layer, the amount of leachate mainly depends on the atmospheric rainfall, catchment area and the perfection of sewage separation facilities.

b) Calculation of leachate volume 178. According to "technical code for leachate treatment engineering of domestic waste landfill" (HJ 564-2010) and "technical code for sanitary landfill treatment of domestic waste" (GB 50869-2013), the leachate production should be calculated by empirical formula method, and the calculation formula is as follows:

Where:

Q -- leachate production, m3 /d; I -- annual average daily rainfall, mm /d, I Zixing = 4.12 mm /d; A1 -- area of operation unit, M2, A1 = 0; C1 -- exudation coefficient of operation unit, C1, Zixing = 0.8; A2 is the catchment area of the intermediate cover unit, m2a2, A2, Zixing = 59500; C2 is the seepage coefficient of the intermediate cover unit, taken as 0.3; A3 is the catchment area of the final covering unit, M2, A3, Zixing = 44000 m2; C3 is the seepage coefficient of the final covering unit, taking 0.15; C4 is the coverage system of the collection tank, taking 0; A4 is the catchment area of the collection pool, M2, A4 = 0. According to the above values, it is calculated that the average annual leachate production of Zixing sanitary landfill is about 39,201 m3 /a and the average daily leachate production is about 107.4 m3 / d.

c) Leachate quality 1) Influent water quality 179. According to the monitoring values of leachate sampling points of this subproject and similar projects in the process of site investigation, the leachate quality of domestic waste landfill site of the subproject is determined.

Table 3-2 water quality of leachate from Zixing sanitary landfill unit: mg/l project COD BOD5 TN NH3-N SS PH

Design 5000 1500 2000 1800 300 6~9 value

2) Discharge water quality 180. The leachate from the Zixing sanitary landfill is treated by MBR+NF+RO process, which meets the standard of Table 2 of the pollution control standard for domestic waste filling and burying (GB16889-2008). Domestic cEIA suggests that the subproject should not set total quantity control and be included in the management of original total quantity control index of sanitary landfill.

3.1.3.2 Landfill gas

Page | 76 a) Landfill gas properties 181. Landfill gas (LFG) is one of the main products of waste degradation. The compacted waste, in the condition of air isolation in the landfill, will decay and decompose the green waste and kitchen waste, waste paper, cardboard and other organic residues due to the strong action of microorganisms to produce landfill gas. Experience shows that landfill gas has been produced and has been in the process of decades since the landfill. Methane (CH4), the main component of landfill gas, is a combustible gas, which may cause fire or explosion when its volume in air reaches 5-15%. The main influence of hydrogen sulfide is odor in the escaping place; the main effect of carbon dioxide is to dissolve in water to form carbonation, so as to dissolve minerals to mineralize groundwater; NH3 and H2S are strongly stimulating gases with odor, and pollutants such as H2S are toxic to human body; plants have certain sensitivity to CO2 and CH4, such as root aggregation LFG, which can cause hypoxia in plant roots, will harm its growth. The gas generation and composition of landfill are affected by various factors, such as the composition of garbage, landfill life, temperature and humidity, etc., the gas generation of waste is a cumulative amount, which is related to the content of organic carbon, decomposition temperature and time of garbage. According to the investigation and research, the change of landfill gas composition in each stage of landfill stabilization process is shown in the figure below. See the table below for the physical properties of each component of landfill gas.

Figure 3-1 Variation of landfill gas composition in different stages (five phases including Initial Adjustment - associated with placement; Transition Phase; Acid Phase; Methane Fermentation Phase; Maturation Phase)

Table 3-3 physical and chemical properties of each component of landfill gas project CH4 CO2 H H2S CO NH3

Relative specific density(air = 0.555 1.520 0.069 1.190 0.967 0.967 1)

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Flammability combu combus combusti combusti stible tible ble ble Explosion volume mixed with 5-15 4-75.6 4.3-45.5 12.5-74 air Odor nothing nothing Yes slight Yes

Toxicity nothing nothing Yes Yes nothing

At present, the existing landfill waste is in the transfer stage from methanogenesis to stabilization. b) Landfill gas generation 182. According to "technical code for collection, treatment and utilization of landfill gas in domestic waste landfill" (CJJ 133-2009), combined with the actual operation of the subproject landfill site, the landfill gas generation rate of the landfill site should be calculated according to the following formula, the calculation formula is as follows: For the domestic waste filled into the landfill site at a certain time, the gas generation rate of landfill gas should be calculated according to the following formula:

Where: QT -- methane production rate of landfill waste at time t (year t), m3 /a; M -- the amount of waste landfilled in t time, t; L0 is the maximum amount of landfill gas produced per unit mass of waste, m3 / T; it is related to the organic carbon content in garbage, l0 = 1.867c0 φ (C0 - organic carbon content in garbage,%, φ - organic carbon degradation rate); K -- gas generation rate constant, 1 /a; t -- landfill time, a; Zixing waste dump is a simple stockpiling without intermediate covering and compaction. The garbage is in a loose state and only settles by its own weight. Therefore, as a whole, it belongs to a loose stockpile state. The landfill gas produced directly enters the atmospheric environment and continuously dilutes and diffuses with the gas flow. Therefore, the possibility of a large amount of landfill gas accumulation in surface waste is small, and the impact on the environment is small. The initial annual production of landfill gas in Zixing sanitary landfill site is 1.01 × 105Nm3 (276.712Nm3 /d), and the peak annual production is 26.53 × 105Nm3 (7268.49Nm3 /d) in 2026. The output in 2030 is 6.54 × 105Nm3 (1,791.78Nm3 /d). From 2025 to 2040 The total annual gas generation is 241.47 × 105Nm3. The maximum annual gas generation of the landfill site is 26.53 × 105m3, the average daily gas emission is 7268.5m3, and the gas collection rate is 70%. If the proportion of each gas component in landfill gas is calculated as follows: CH4 content is generally 50%, H2S content is 0.2%, NH3 content is 0.4%, then CH4, H2S and NH3 production of landfill site are shown in the table below:

Table 3-4 production of air pollutants in Zixing sanitary landfill site Pollut Volum Daily Unfugitive Fugitive gas Unfugitive gas Unfugitive ant e producti gas emission (kg generation (m3 exhaust factor m3/d on generation /d) /d) emission amount (m3 /d) volume (kg /d) (kg /d) CH4 3634.30 2616.69 1090.29 785.01 2544.01 1831.69

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H2S 14.54 22.39 4.36 6.72 10.18 15.67

NH3 29.07 22.39 8.72 6.72 20.35 15.67

183. Due to the small gas generation and low utilization value of the sanitary landfill, the landfill gas is not recycled. The landfill gas is treated by combustion treatment, with a total of 64 sets of gas conducting gabion wells. The gas is uniformly collected and discharged to the combustion device in the northwest of the reservoir area for combustion treatment. The combustion tower is equipped with pressure control device and automatic ignition device. When the landfill gas pressure reaches the set value, LFG is combusted by automatic ignition device. After the landfill gas is collected and ignited, methane gas is converted into CO2 and H2O, H2S is converted into H2O, SO2, ammonia is converted into H2O, N2, and CO is converted into CO2.

3.1.3.3 Solid waste 184. After the implementation of the subproject, the solid waste mainly comes from the staff's domestic waste and the sludge produced by the leachate treatment station of the sanitary landfill site, with a small amount of production. The sludge will be landfilled in the sanitary landfill site after pressure filtration dehydration, which will not have obvious impact on the surrounding environment.

3.2 Environmental sensitive receptors

185. According to the investigation of the surrounding environment of the subproject, the sensitive receptors within the scope of influence are mainly the surrounding residential areas (table 3-5 below gives the details of the nearest sensitive areas) and do not involve the special environmental sensitive areas such as nature reserves and scenic spots. a) water The surface water environmental protection objective of the subproject is the surrounding river water body, according to the surface water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002). The details are as follows: in Zixing, after the leachate is collected and treated by the leachate treatment system of Zixing sanitary landfill, the wastewater is discharged into Huashitan River through Luqiao River and finally enters Leishui through Chengjiang river. Therefore, the water environment protection objectives of Zixing City project are Luqiao River and Huashitan River which receive discharged wastewater. The groundwater environment protection objective of the subproject is the groundwater or well around the subproject. b) Air environment protection objectives: the atmospheric environment of surrounding areas shall be protected according to the secondary standard of ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012), and the main protection targets are the surrounding residential areas, schools, and office and living areas of industrial enterprises. c) Objective of acoustic environment protection: the residential areas around the subproject and the office and living areas of industrial enterprises shall be protected according to the class 2 standard in the environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008). The main environmental protection objectives of the subproject are shown in the table below.

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Table 3-5 main environmental sensitive receptors Catego Objectives of Direction and scale Protection ry environmental distance requireme protection nts Xingtang 450 ~ 1500m in the 25 households, village southwest, with about 100 people residential area mountains isolation Residential The northeast is 1.4 ~ 40 households, area of Caishi 2.5km away from each about 160 people Village other by mountains isolation Shigu village 2.0 ~ 2.3km to the 70 households, residential area southwest, with about 280 people Ambient air Air mountains isolation quality standard enviro Xianghua 2.0 ~ 2.5km to the 50 households, (GB3095-2012) nment village southwest and West, about 180 people Secondary residential area with mountains standard isolation Ludong village It is 1.8 ~ 2.5km to the 324 households, residential area north, with mountains about 1200 people isolation Shucai village 2.2 ~ 2.5km in the About 3000 people residential area northwest, with mountains isolation Xiangyu The northwest is 1.6 ~ 160 households, village 2.2km, with mountains about 640 people residential area isolation Xingtang 1.4km to the southwest, About 300 people primary school separated by mountains Xianghua It is 1.3km to the About 20 wards Township southwest, separated by Health Center mountains Sandu town Northwest and West, About 3,000 (residential, 1.0-2.5km, separated people commercial by mountains Industry mixed) Luqiao River The tail water of River sanitary landfill is Environmental Surfac discharged into the quality standard e water drainage ditch for surface water Huashitan 840m to the west, River; water (GB3838-2002) River Luqiao river flows environment Class III standard into function order Class III Leishui 4.8km to the southwest, Water Huashitan River environment confluence function order enter Class III

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Acousti There is no residential area within 200m c environ ment Groundwater Ground Surrounding groundwater, wells and groundwater sources quality standard water without drinking function within the evaluation scope (GB/T14848-201 7) Class III standard Ecolo Vegetation within 500m around the subproject Prevention of soil gy erosion It does not affect the growth of vegetation

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800m west side of dump site, Xingtang village residential well

Xingtang village, 450m west

Figure 3-2: Sensitive receptors (ground water/noise/air) surrounding the subprojet site at radius of 1km

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Huashitan River 840m west

Luqiao River

Figure 3-3: Sensitive receptors (surfact water) surrounding the subprojet site at radius of 1km

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3.3 Baseline of ambient environment and sensitive receptors

3.3.1 General situation of natural and social environment Geographical position 186. Zixing city is a county-level city the administration of Chenzhou City, located in the southeast of Hunan Province. Located in the upper reaches of Leishui in Xiangjiang River Basin, in the West foot of Luoxiao mountain range and the southern end of chayong basin, it is the intersection of Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi and three provinces. It is adjacent to Guidong County and Yanling County of Zhuzhou City in the East, Rucheng County and Yizhang County in the south, Suxian District in the West and Yongxing and Anren counties in the north.

187. The city is about 80km long from north to south, 60km wide from east to west, with a total area of 2,746.79km2. The geographical coordinates are 25 ° 34 ′ - 26 ° 18 ′ N and 113 ° 08 ′ - 113 ° 44 ′ E. By 2015, after the adjustment of township division in Zixing City, there are 266 administrative villages and 45 communities in 2 townships, 9 towns and 2 streets, with a total population of 377,300 and a permanent resident population of 343,100. The high-grade highways in Zixing city mainly include Ziwu highway, Yonggui expressway, provincial highway S322, Chenzhou Avenue, etc.

188. Zixing municipal solid waste dump is located in Tangyilong, Xingtang village, Xianghua Township, Zixing City, adjacent to Zixing sanitary landfill site. The geographical coordinates of the site center are 113 ° 16 ′ 42.43 ″ E and 26 ° 00 ′ 47.07 ″ n. The site is 10km away from Dongjiang River and covers an area of 12000 m2. County Road (X021) passes through the site in the north, and cement road directly leads to the site in the west, so the traffic is convenient.

Topographic features 189. The landform of Zixing is mainly mountainous, with hills, hills and flat land interlaced. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The highest point is the main peak of Bamian Mountain in the eastern border, with an altitude of 2,042.1m. The lowest point is Chengjiangkou in the northwest corner, with an altitude of 106m and a height difference of 1936.1m. According to the terrain, the region can be divided into three steps. The first level is the hilly and plain areas in the northwest, with an altitude of 106-280m, generally about 150m above sea level, with an area of 213.5km2, accounting for 8% of the total area of the city; the second level is the central hilly Valley, with an altitude of about 300m, covering an area of 320km2, accounting for 12% of the total area of the city; the third level is the border hills and mountains in the north, East and south, with an altitude of about 700m of 2,135 km2, accounting for 80% of the total area of the city.

Climate and meteorology 190. Zixing city has a subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons. There are many droughts in summer and autumn, no severe cold in winter and no hot summer in summer. The annual average temperature is 17.7 , the extreme maximum temperature is 40.6 , and the extreme minimum temperature is - 7.5 ; the average annual rainfall is 1487.6 mm, which is mainly concentrated in March℃ to June and August in spring and summer,℃ with 182 days of annual precipitation; and the average℃ annual evaporation is -7.5

191. The annual average wind speed is 1.7 m / s, the maximum monthly average evaporation℃ is 305.9 mm, the annual average relative humidity is 81%, the minimum relative humidity is

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7%; the annual average wind speed is 1.7 m / s, the annual maximum wind speed is 18 m / s, the annual average snowfall days are 6.6 days, the average annual frost free period is 347.9 days, and the average annual sunshine is 1700 hours.

1) Temperature: annual average 17.7 , extreme minimum - 7.5 , extreme maximum 40.6 ; 2) Precipitation: the average annual℃ rainfall is 1,487.6mm,℃ and the rainfall is concentrated℃ in March June and August; 3) Humidity: annual average relative humidity 81%; 4) Sunshine duration: annual average 1,700 h; 5) Wind speed and direction: the average annual wind speed is 1.7m/s, the annual maximum wind direction is northerly wind, the prevailing south wind is in summer, the north wind is prevailing in winter, and the annual maximum wind speed is 18m / s.

Hydrological system 192. The rivers in Zixing city belong to Xiangjiang River Basin, which are mainly divided into Leishui Dongjiang River system, Yongle river system, boat shaped river system and Leishui Chengjiang river system. Among them, Leishui main stream Dongjiang, its tributaries are Oujiang, zheshui, chushui, Zixing River and Chengjiang; while sheshui tributaries are Chuanxing River and Yongle river. There are 67 rivers with a length of more than 5km and 369 rivers below 5km. Dongjiang Lake, a man-made reservoir in the territory, has a total area of 240,000 Mu and water storage of 8.12 billion m3.

193. Zhangjialong reservoir is located in the northwest of the site, mainly for industrial water, about 400m away from the site, isoloated by mountain and located in another different watershed per field survey and checkup on elevation data from topgraphic as well as satellite maps; Huashitan River, a primary tributary of Chengjiang river of Leishui river system, is located in the north, about 840m away from the site.

General situation of social environment 194. Referring to the master plan of Zixing City (2009-2020), the main planning points are as follows: a) City nature The nature of Zixing city is determined as "one place, three cities" -- water source of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, modern industrial civilization city, leisure tourism resort city and landscape ecological livable city. b) City function 1) The function of economic industry is mainly to develop industry and tourism. The second is the real estate industry, high-efficiency industrialized agriculture and other industrial functions. 2) As the political center of the city, the administrative service function is mainly the administrative service function oriented to the city. 3) Science, education and cultural functions, increase investment in education, cultivate talents and innovate technology for economic development. 4) City service function, tourism, transportation, logistics, trade, medical treatment, information and other social service functions of the city.

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5) Zixing city is the sub central city in southern Hunan Province. It forms the central city group of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces with Chenzhou City and Guiyang County. 6) The function of ecological service is to build a landscape ecological garden city, protect the forest resources of Zixing and the natural landscape ecology of Dongjiang Lake, and provide ecological services for the whole province and even the whole country. c) City size 195. In the near future, the urban population is 210,000, and the land use scale is 24.2 km2, with an average of 115m2 per person. In the long term, the urban population will be 280,000, and the land use scale will be 30.5 km2, with an average of 110m2 per person. d) development direction 196. The development of urban land in Zixing city is mainly to the west and south, while the eastern and northern areas are properly developed. That is, "westward, southward, eastward and northward". "Extending from the west to the South" refers to the development of eco industrial park in the west of the city (in the direction of Gaoma Township and on both sides of Ziwu highway), further extending to the South on the basis of the existing urban construction in the south (Liyujiang and Dongjiang areas), and connecting with the urban development of Chenzhou to realize the integration of Chenzhou with capital. "East superior and North crossing" refers to the further optimization of land use function in Dongjiang Bay area, the implementation of "two to three" and the preservation of ecological patterns such as mountains, water surface and farmland; and the development of new urban clusters in the south bank of Chengjiang River by leaps and bounds in the north.

General situation of municipal solid waste disposal

Planning objectives 197. Realize the sanitary treatment of feces and garbage, and gradually establish a mechanized, closed and pollution-free garbage collection and transportation system. The municipal solid waste (MSW) is classified and reduced, and the treatment of MSW is developing in the direction of sanitation, reduction, resource utilization and benefit.

1) The sanitary treatment rate of domestic waste is 70% in the near future-2023and 95% in the long term-2030 (vs status quo estimated at 65% combining main urban 90% and town&rural 50%); the sanitary treatment rate of special waste and industrial toxic waste is 100% in the near future. 2) The containerized collection rate of domestic waste is over 85% in the near future and 100% in the long term. 3) The rate of mechanization and semi mechanization of urban garbage removal and transportation reached 80%, and a mechanized, closed and pollution-free garbage collection and transportation system was gradually established. 4) The degree of mechanization and semi mechanization of road cleaning will reach 20% in the near future and more than 50% in the long term, among which the degree of mechanization and semi mechanization of road cleaning will reach 100%.

Garbage disposal

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5) According to the national standard of 1.2kg/person.day, the daily output of domestic waste will reach 336 tons in the long term. 6) The service radius of domestic garbage station is: the service radius of garbage station for residents to dump garbage directly should not exceed 200m; the service radius of garbage collection station with rickshaw and motor vehicle should not exceed 500m and 2,000m respectively. The domestic garbage station mainly adopts non motor vehicle collection and transportation, supplemented by motor vehicles, with service radius of 1-1.5km. There are 6 existing and 14 planned, with a total of 20.

Garbage collection 198. Domestic waste is dumped into the garbage station by the citizens themselves, or collected and transported to the garbage station by the community organization personnel, collected and transported by the environmental sanitation department to the garbage transfer station for treatment, and then transported to the solid waste treatment site.

Garbage treatment mode and treatment 199. In the near future, sanitary landfill should be adopted, while in the long term, high-temperature composting and waste to energy (power generation) should be the auxiliary treatment. Special garbage and inflammable and explosive hazardous materials wastes are planned to be collected by the environmental sanitation department and sent to the urban special waste treatment center for centralized treatment.

A new waste treatment plant, located in Xingtang village, Xianghua Township, covers a total area of 292 mu, with a daily treatment capacity of about 340 tons. The current Tangyilong landfill site will be retained in the near future and abolished in the long term.

General situation of project area 200. The construction areas are Xingtang village, Luqiao village, Huilongshan Yao Township and Sandu town. The current situation of the subproject area is shown in the figure below.

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Figure 3-4 current situation of the subproject area

In order to understand the environmental status of the subproject area, the dometic EIA institute entrusted Hunan Chengyuan Testing Co., Ltd. in December 2017. Surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and noise were monitored from December 18, 2017 to December 24, 2017

3.3.2 Surface water 201. The layout of monitoring points, monitoring time, factors and frequency are shown in the table below, and the monitoring points are shown in below.

Table 3-6 Time and monitoring point No. Monitoring points Monitoring factors Time and remarks frequency CZ ZX CL surface 500m upstream of PH, COD, BOD5, After treatment, water 1 the confluence of ammonia nitrogen, Non rainy day the leachate from Huashitan River in total phosphorus, total monitoring 1 Zixing sanitary Chengjiang River nitrogen, total Continuous landfill will flow CZ ZX CL surface 500m downstream mercury, total monitoring into the Huashitan water 2 of the confluence cadmium, total lead, 3 days, 1 day River of Huashitan River hexavalent chromium, second Chengjiang River in Chengjiang total arsenic, fecal River coliform bacteria

Table 3-7 monitoring and statistical results of surface water at the upstream of the confluence of Chengjiang River and Huashitan River detection result surface water Test items Unit GB3838-2002 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Class III PH Dimensionless 6.64 6.68 6.61 6~9

Chemical oxygen mg/L 4L 8 6 20 demand Five day mg/L 0.9 2.5 1.8 4 biochemistry Oxygen demand Ammonia mg/L 0.308 0.326 0.320 1.0 nitrogen

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Total phosphorus mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.2

Total nitrogen mg/L 1.15 1.00 1.12 / arsenic mg/L 0.0192 0.0202 0.0204 0.05 mercury mg/L 0.00014 0.00016 0.00017 0.0001 cadmium mg/L 0.00021 0.00030 0.00026 0.005

Hexavalent mg/L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.05 chromium lead mg/L 0.00105 0.00131 0.00129 0.05

Fecal coliform Pieces /l 700 790 1100 10000

Table 3-8 monitoring and statistical results of surface water at the downstream of the confluence of Chengjiang River and Huashitan River detection result surface water No. Test items Unit GB3838-2002 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Class III 1 PH Dimensionle 6.57 6.60 6.56 6~9 ss 2 Chemical mg/L 10 13 8 20 oxygen demand 3 Five day mg/L 3.2 3.8 2.7 4 biochemical oxygen demand amount 4 Ammonia mg/L 0.270 0.241 0.286 1.0 nitrogen 5 Total mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.2 phosphorus 6 Total nitrogen mg/L 1.13 1.23 1.04 / 7 arsenic mg/L 0.0198 0.0202 0.0200 0.05 8 mercury mg/L 0.00015 0.00015 0.00013 0.0001 9 cadmium mg/L 0.00035 0.00035 0.00041 0.005 10 Hexavalent mg/L 0.004L 0.004L 0.004L 0.05 chromium 11 lead mg/L 0.00147 0.00277 0.00185 0.05 12 Fecal coliform Pieces /l 630 460 490 10000

202. According to the statistical results, the surface water environment of subproject area in Zixing city slightly exceeds the standard, and other indicators meet the class III standard in the environmental quality standard for surface water (GB3838-2002). According to the field

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survey, sampling analysis of monitoring units and regional environmental conditions, the excessive surface water may be mainly caused by the development of regional mineral resources.

Figure 3-5 Location map of surface water monitoring points in Zixing City

Surface water #3

Surface water #1

Surface water #2

Project site

3.3.3 Groundwater Table 3-9 monitoring points, monitoring time, factors and frequency

No. Monitoring points Monitoring factors Time and remarks frequency Cz-zx-cl-undergro To the southwest PH value, ammonia und of the site nitrogen, nitrate, Non rainy day The groundwater water 3 groundwater volatile phenols, total monitoring 1 monitoring point is monitoring well harDNess, total Continuous located in the Cz-zx-cl-undergro 800m west side of dissolved solids, monitoring downstream of the und dump site, permanganate index, 2 days, 1 day waste site water 4 residential well total bacterial count, Times. total mercury, total cadmium, total lead, hexavalent chromium The total arsenic content is 13

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Figure 3-6 location map of monitoring points except surface water in Zixing City Note: 1. Sanitary landfill (Changyilong) reservoir area- current under operation; 2. Leachate regulating pool (with floating cover); 3. Leachate treatment workshop; 4. Existing waste dump site (Tangyilong); 5. Administration building; 6. Proposed expansion area covered in this report

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Table 3-10 Groundwater monitoring and statistical results of Zixing municipal solid waste dump site detection result Groundwater GB / T Detection point No. Test items Unit 14848-2017 class III Day 1 Day 2 1 PH Dimension 6.86 6.89 6.5~8.5 less 2 Total mg/L 152 155 450 harDNess 3 Total mg/L 371 342 1000 dissolved solids 4 Volatile mg/L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002 phenol Groundwater 5 permanganat mg/L 1.45 1.35 3 monitoring well in e southwest of the index site 6 Nitrate mg/L 0.5 0.5 20 7 Ammonia mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.5 nitrogen 8 mercury mg/L 0.00007L 0.00007L 0.001 9 arsenic mg/L 0.00149 0.00123 0.01 10 cadmium mg/L 0.00014 0.00008 0.005 11 Hexavalent mg/L 0.004L 0.004L 0.05 chromium 12 lead mg/L 0.00007L 0.00007L 0.01 13 Total CFU/mL 55 68 100 bacterial count 1 PH Dimension 6.78 6.82 6.5~8.5 less 2 Total mg/L 138 136 450 harDNess 3 Total mg/L 315 366 1000 solubility solid 4 Volatile mg/L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002 phenol Well of residential 5 permanganat mg/L 1.40 1.49 3 area 800m west of e the dump site index 6 Nitrate mg/L 0.5 0.5 20 7 Ammonia mg/L 0.07 0.07 0.5 nitrogen

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8 mercury mg/L 0.00007L 0.00007L 0.001 9 arsenic mg/L 0.00084 0.00084 0.01 10 cadmium mg/L 0.00007 0.00006L 0.005 11 Hexavalent mg/L 0.004L 0.004L 0.05 chromium 12 lead mg/L 0.00007L 0.00007L 0.01 13 Total CFU/mL 85 75 100 bacterial count

203. According to the statistical results, the groundwater indicators meet the class III standard in the quality standard for groundwater (GB / T 14848-2017).The groundwater environment quality of Zixing project area is good.

3.3.4 Ambient air

Table 3-11 monitoring points, monitoring time, factors and frequency No. Monitoring points monitor Time and frequency remarks factor Cz-zx-cl-air 6 Within the landfill SO2、 Continuous monitoring for 7 site PM10 、 days. NO2 、 NH3 and H2S were monitored Zixing Cz-zx-cl-air 5 West side of landfill NH3 、 four times a day at 2:00, 8:00, City 300m access road H2S 14:00 and 20:00, respectively Stock The sampling time is at least 0 dump Cz-zx-cl-air 7 Laolijia (no resident) 45min; SO2 and NO2 were sampled for 18h every day.

204. According to the statistical results, the ambient air in subproject area is in line with the secondary standard in the ambient air quality standard (GB3095-2012) and the secondary new reconstruction and expansion standard in the emission standard for odor pollutants (GB14554-1993), and the ambient air quality in the subproject area is good.

Table 3-12 monitoring and statistical results of Zixing municipal solid waste dump 1 unit: mg / m3 Within the landfill site Category Time Oxidatio Oxidatio PM10 ammoni hydroge n n a n sulfide sulfur nitrogen 2:00 0.58 0.042 8:00 0.52 0.046 Day 1 0.024 0.063 0.0113 14:00 0.59 0.043

20:00 0.65 0.041 2:00 0.53 0.049

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8:00 0.59 0.041 Day 2 14:00 0.03 0.057 0.136 0.57 0.048

20:00 0.64 0.047

2:00 0.6 0.044 8:00 0.65 0.046 Day 3 0.029 0.052 0.125 14:00 0.63 0.042

20:00 0.58 0.045 2:00 0.67 0.045 8:00 0.6 0.057 Day 4 0.026 0.051 0.132 14:00 0.66 0.048 ambient air 20:00 0.61 0.049 2:00 0.63 0.042 8:00 0.67 0.046 Day 5 0.023 0.065 0.115 14:00 0.59 0.045 20:00 0.54 0.044 2:00 0.59 0.046 8:00 0.57 0.041 Day 6 0.028 0.057 0.125 14:00 0.61 0.049 20:00 0.6 0.048 2:00 0.63 0.048 8:00 0.64 0.049 Day 7 0.02 0.068 0.118 14:00 0.59 0.047 20:00 0.58 0.049 Gb3095-2012 grade II 0.15 0.08 0.150 / / Class II new reconstruction and / / / 1.5 0.06 expansion (GB 14554-1993)

Table 3-13 monitoring and statistical results of Zixing municipal solid waste dump 2 unit: mg / m3 300m access road to the west of landfill Test Time sulfur dioxide Dioxyge PM10 ammoni hydroge category n a n sulfide Nitrogen ation 2:00 0.52 0.031

8:00 0.45 0.045 Day 1 0.029 0.062 0.105 14:00 0.47 0.042

20:00 0.42 0.038

2:00 0.47 0.042

8:00 0.027 0.051 0.132 0.46 0.046

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Day 2 14:00 0.58 0.048

20:00 0.56 0.048

2:00 0.55 0.045

8:00 0.53 0.038 Day 3 0.022 0.052 0.125 14:00 0.52 0.046

20:00 0.57 0.042

2:00 0.55 0.036

8:00 0.52 0.051 Day 4 0.027 0.048 0.133 14:00 0.67 0.042

20:00 0.6 0.046 ambient air 2:00 0.54 0.043

8:00 0.54 0.037 Day 5 0.022 0.064 0.111 14:00 0.55 0.046 20:00 0.51 0.039 2:00 0.54 0.046

8:00 0.52 0.039 Day 6 0.023 0.053 0.111 14:00 0.55 0.044 20:00 0.57 0.047 2:00 0.61 0.038

8:00 0.54 0.044 Day 7 0.021 0.062 0.118 14:00 0.52 0.041 20:00 0.53 0.046 Gb3095-2012 grade II 0.15 0.08 0.150 / / Class II new reconstruction and / / / 1.5 0.06 expansion (GB 14554-1993)

Table 3-14 monitoring and statistical results of Zixing municipal solid waste dump 3 unit: mg / m3 Laolijia (no resident) Test time category sulfur Nitrogen PM10 ammonia hydrogen dioxide dioxide sulfide 2:00 0.38 0.021

Day 1 8:00 0.014 0.058 0.089 0.25 0.038 14:00 0.32 0.037

20:00 0.33 0.024

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2:00 0.41 0.034

Day 2 8:00 0.019 0.045 0.078 0.29 0.022 14:00 0.33 0.029

20:00 0.39 0.034 2:00 0.44 0.022

Day 3 8:00 0.009 0.041 0.089 0.38 0.032

14:00 0.29 0.02 20:00 0.45 0.021

2:00 0.34 0.026

8:00 0.37 0.035 Day 4 0.011 0.042 0.091 14:00 0.42 0.026 ambient air 20:00 0.38 0.033 2:00 0.36 0.024

Day 5 8:00 0.008 0.053 0.075 0.38 0.025 14:00 0.43 0.04 20:00 0.29 0.028 2:00 0.4 0.031

Day 6 8:00 0.014 0.047 0.095 0.43 0.018 14:00 0.36 0.028 20:00 0.32 0.018 2:00 0.43 0.028

Day 7 8:00 0.01 0.059 0.100 0.44 0.025 14:00 0.38 0.022 20:00 0.39 0.029 Gb3095-2012 grade II 0.15 0.08 0.150 / / Class II new reconstruction and / / / 1.5 0.06 expansion (GB 14554-1993)

3.3.5 Acoustic environment

Table 3-15 monitoring points, monitoring time, factors and frequency No. Monitoring points Monitoring factors Time and remarks frequency Cz-zx-cl-noise Landfill site 12 Within the district

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Cz-zx-cl-noise West side of Zixing existing 11 landfill dump 300m access road Cz-zx-cl-noise Laolijia (no Equivalent continuous Monitoring #13 resident) a sound level phase 1, (LAeq) monitoring It was measured for 3 days and monitored day and night every day.

Table 3-16 statistical table of noise monitoring results of Zixing dump waste dump Detection points and results dB (A) World Bank Time GB3096-2008 Group EHS Landfill site Landfill site Laolijia (no Class 2 guidelines for In the field Access road 300m west resident) residential areas daytime 51 52 54 60 55 2017.12.18 at night 44 44 42 50 45

daytime 51 50 52 60 55 2017.12.19 at night 44 40 44 50 45

daytime 51 52 53 60 55 2017.12.20 at night 44 43 45 50 45

According to the second class standard of GB3096-2008 and World Bank Group EHS guidelines for residential areas, the sound environment quality of subproject area in Zixing city is good.

3.3.6 Soil environment

Table 3-17 monitoring points, monitoring time, factors and frequency No. Monitoring points Monitoring factors Time and remarks frequency CZ-ZX-CL- Stockpiling site Soil PH, as, CD, Cr, Cu, CZ-ZX-CL- West side of dump site Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn are Monitoring Zixing existing Soil 10 200m 9 items in total once dump CZ-ZX-CL- South side of dump Soil 8 site 200m

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Table 3-18 statistical table of monitoring results of Zixing municipal solid waste dump Detection points and results Test items Unit (GB 36600-2018) Stock dump Stock dump Stock dump Second type of land Field area 200m to the 200m to the use screening value West South cadmium mg/kg 2.2 2.3 0.6L 65

mercury mg/kg 0.149 0.111 0.151 38

arsenic mg/kg 32.9 12.8 11 60

copper mg/kg 28.4 26.1 25.2 18000

lead mg/kg 146 64.7 36.2 800

chromium mg/kg 91.3 90.6 92.3 400

zinc mg/kg 300 347 109 500

nickel mg/kg 30 21.4 28.5 900

205..According to the statistical results, the soil environmental quality near the site of Zixing municipal solid waste dump meets the second type of land screening value standard specified in "soil environmental quality construction land soil pollution risk control standard (Trial)" (GB 36600-2018).

3.3.7 Ecological environment 206. Zixing city is located in the southern subtropical region of the central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is mainly composed of pine forest, Chinese fir forest, Camellia oleifera forest, miscellaneous wood forest and Phyllostachys pubescens forest, with various vegetation types and flourishing growth. Most of the land used in the subproject area is wasteland or woodland, which has not been damaged. The existing animal and plant resources are rich and various, but they are basically common varieties, and there are no national and local key protected animals and plants.

3.4 Environmental impact prediction

3.4.1 Project environmental benefits

207. For Zixing City, the waste storage site is transferred to the adjacent sanitary landfill site. After the transfer of the existing waste dump, the anti-seepage system is laid as a new reservoir area of the sanitary landfill site. At the same time, the current treatment process of Zixing sanitary landfill site is ultrafiltration + nanofiltration leachate treatment system to improve the quality of leachate treatment system. Therefore, Zixing dump landfill only has a certain negative impact on the surrounding environment during the construction process.

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After the treatment, it will be brought into the operation and management scope of the sanitary landfill site, which will have a positive impact on the regional environment.

208. This subproject is a comprehensive project of environmental improvement, economic development and social harmony. Water source protection, natural ecological balance and sustainable development of economy and society is an important issue in China. The subproject will have a positive social impact on the subproject area, maintain the social harmony and stability of the subproject area, and will bring demonstration and reference to other similar areas and projects in China. a) Conducive to the improvement of the city 209. In recent years, the urban construction of Zixing has developed rapidly. In order to build Zixing into a city with beautiful environment, landscaping and modernization, garbage treatment has become an urgent task. The construction of the subproject is very urgent and necessary to protect people's health, improve the urban environment, and prevent and control the domestic waste pollution. b) It is conducive to promoting economic development 210. With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, the economy of Zixing has been developing rapidly. In order to meet the sustainable development of social economy and improve the quality of urban environment, Zixing u will attract more investment and promote the development of tourism and other tertiary industries, which will bring huge indirect economic benefits. c) It is conducive to providing employment opportunities 211. A large amount of funds will be invested in the construction process (Duration: expected from beginning 2021 to mid-2022), which can provide employment opportunities for the people in the subproject area. The surplus labor force makes a living on the spot, which not only reduces the employment cost for the local residents, but also reduces the employment pressure and economic burden for the government. The subproject construction will stimulate the local economic demand, drive the economic development of the local and surrounding areas, and promote the power, transportation, service and other related industries The development and construction of industry and infrastructure will accelerate the local economic development.

212.The subproject is to improve the environmental quality of Xiangjiang River Basin, solve social contradictions, maintain social stability, promote regional sustainable development and coordinated development of regional society, economy and environment. The implementation of the subproject can reduce water pollution in the region and the basin, protect the water quality of Xiangjiang River Basin, improve the people's production and living conditions, protect the regional residents' health, and protect the regional residents' health water resources, maintain the ecological environment; promote the construction of a harmonious society, ensure the sustainable development of social economy.

213. After the implementation of the subproject, the regional environmental quality can be well improved to meet the requirements of final sanitary treatment of garbage. It has great environmental benefits. Through the implementation of the subproject, the pollution pressure on the Xiangjiang River basin can be continuously reduced from the source, and the local ecological environment can be significantly improved. The sanitary treatment of garbage and the improvement of overall environmental quality are beneficial to people's physical and

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mental health, reduce the occurrence of diseases, improve people's quality of life and reduce medical expenses. The subproject of landfill treatment of municipal solid waste is an environmental treatment project. Through sanitary landfill of municipal solid waste, the pollution of municipal solid waste to regional water, atmosphere and ecological environment can be greatly reduced, which is conducive to maintaining the quality of regional ecological environment. At the same time, the subproject can effectively control the disorder of garbage stacking, improve the environmental sanitation conditions of the subproject area, improve the landscape of districts and counties and the regional ecological environment, and improve the physical and mental health and quality of life of residents in the subproject area. To sum up, the subproject is a public welfare project with unified economic, environmental and social benefits.

3.4.1 Project environmental impacts a) Water environment impact 214. The waste water during the construction period of the subproject is mainly the washing water of construction machinery and vehicles. Before treatment, it generally contains high concentration of SS, petroleum and other pollutants; the wastewater generated by rainfall runoff scouring the construction area mainly contains high concentration of pollutants SS, pay close attention to the weather changes during construction. In case of rainfall, especially heavy rain, covering the future and compacted soil layer and sealing materials with rainproof cloth can reduce the concentration of SS. After collection, the construction wastewater of the subproject can be reused for sprinkling and dust suppression after oil separation in the sedimentation tank. It is strictly forbidden to leave the waste water untreated and allow it to overflow. A grit chamber shall be excavated at the rainwater catchment of the construction site, and the rainwater shall be discharged into the drainage ditch or natural gully after sedimentation. Domestic wastewater of construction personnel is used for dust suppression in construction site after temporary septic tank and biochemical treatment in construction camp since the site is remote to the urban/town area , the volume is low, and the pollution risk is insignificant when re-injection into landfill is neither necessary nor economic. To sum up, the waste water in the construction period will have little impact on the environment after being treated by the above measures. During the operation period, the leachate is discharged up to the standard after being treated by the leachate treatment system upgraded from the sanitary landfill site, which has little impact on the environment.

215. After the implementation of the subproject, the waste excavated from the site will be transferred to the sanitary landfill site of Zixing City, and then the original site will be reshaped and ecological restoration will be carried out. This can solve the problem of the pollution of the existing garbage on the regional groundwater from the source and have a positive impact on the regional groundwater environment. b) Atmospheric environmental impact 216. The main atmospheric pollutants are NH3 and H2S. During the excavation process, the bare surface is controlled in a minimum range by reducing the amount of odor generated by reasonable planning and layer (approximately 50~60cm each) & segmentation (100m*60m each) excavation procedures. The mobile surfaces are equipped with mobile spray cannon (spraying distance not less than 30m) and sprinkling and deodorant spraying, and at the same time, HDPE is used in the trenchless area. After the membrane is covered temporarily, the odor intensity in the edge area of the working face can reach level 3, and the odor concentration of each protection target is less than level 2. The nearest distance of residential

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areas near the site is about 450m, and the odor has little impact on the sensitive targets. The closed dump truck is used for the transportation vehicles, and the fugitive emission of odor is very small, and the vehicle exhaust through air diffusion has little effect on the ambient air. 217. During the operation period, the landfill gas of Zixing sanitary landfill site adopts the burning treatment scheme. A total of 64 sets of gas conducting gabion wells are set up. The gas is collected and discharged to the combustion device in the northwest of the reservoir area for combustion treatment. In addition to the fugitive exhaust, the landfill gas is discharged after incineration with a 15m high torch. After the landfill gas is collected, ignited and burned, methane gas will be converted into CO2 and H2O, H2S will be converted into H2O, SO2, ammonia will be converted into H2O, N2, and co will be converted into CO2, which can reduce the impact of methane on the atmospheric environment and reduce the impact of odor gases such as NH3 and H2S on the environmental quality of the site and surrounding atmosphere. In addition, due to the long-term landfill life, the emission of odor gases such as NH3 and H2S will be gradually and steadily reduced. After the long-term storage garbage is excavated and transferred to the sanitary landfill site, the generation and treatment of landfill gas in the sanitary landfill site will not be increased. After the landfill gas combustion device is installed in the sanitary landfill site, the impact of landfill gas can be further reduced. Given the project scale is limited, reuse of landfill gas is not economical. According to the domestic EIA approval and acceptance opinions of Zixing sanitary landfill site, a 500m sanitary protection zone has been set up for the subproject, and the management has been implemented according to the requirements. Therefore, the impact of landfill gas on the surrounding sensitive points is small as long as the measures of guiding, collecting and treating landfill gas in Zixing sanitary landfill site are well done, and the surrounding residential housing construction is managed according to the health protection distance of 500m. c) Acoustic environmental impact 218. During the construction period, the noise mainly comes from construction machinery and transport vehicles. According to the analogy survey, the noise source intensity of various construction machinery and transport vehicles at 5m away from the equipment is 80 ~ 90dB (a). In this evaluation, the semi free space free divergence formula is used to calculate the noise value at different distances from the construction machinery.

219. The noise values of several main mechanical equipment frequently used in the construction are respectively substituted into the above prediction mode for calculation, and the noise attenuation of mechanical equipment is predicted, as shown in the table below.

Table 3-19 noise prediction value of single mechanical equipment (dB (A)) Noise prediction value Mechanical type 5m 10m 20m 40m 50m 100m 150m 200m 300m 400m Loader 90 84 78 72 70 64 60.5 58 54.5 52 excavating 85 79 73 67 65 59 55.5 53 49.3 46.9 machinery Air 80 74 68 62 60 54 50.5 48 44.5 42 compressor Pneumatic 81 75 67 61 59 53 49.5 47 43.5 41 pick

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Piling 87 81 75 69 67 61 57.5 55 51.4 48.9 machine vibrating 87 81 75 69 67 61 57.5 55 51.4 48.9 spear Transport 80 74 68 62 60 54 50.5 48 44.5 42 vehicles cutting 90 84 78 72 70 64 60.5 58 54.5 52 machine Electric drill 86 80 74 68 66 60 56.5 54 50.4 47.9

220. According to the prediction results in the above table, under the premise that no noise prevention and control measures are taken during the construction period of the subproject site, when the construction point of the construction machinery is 50m away from the site boundary, the noise value at the site boundary can basically meet the daytime standard of the standard for noise at boundary of construction site (GB12523-2011) (≤ 70dB (A)), but in the actual construction, there are multiple machines working at the same time, At this time, the noise at the boundary of construction site may exceed the daytime standard of emission standard for noise at boundary of construction site (GB12523-2011).

221. The main noise sources of the landfill site after sealing are the water pump and fan noise of the leachate treatment station. Due to the small treatment scale of the leachate treatment station, the power of the fan and water pump is small, and the noise source intensity is 60-80dB. After the foundation vibration reduction, plant sound insulation, fan installation muffler and selection of low-noise equipment, the noise can be reduced. The plant boundary meets the requirements of class II standard of "emission standard of environmental noise at boundary of industrial enterprises" (GB12348-2008), and has little impact on the surrounding acoustic environment.

222. According to the site survey, there are no sensitive points such as residential areas and office buildings within 50m from the boundary, so the noise of the subproject has little impact on the surrounding sensitive points. d) Impact of solid waste 223. The solid waste generated during the construction period is mainly the waste earthwork and waste residue generated by the construction activities, and the domestic waste generated by the construction personnel during the construction period. Construction waste earthwork and waste residue can be used as site closure cover fill or landscape landscaping soil, which can be consumed in the subproject without off-site treatment. During the construction period, the domestic waste of construction personnel is collected and then landfilled on site. The solid waste in the construction period will not have obvious impact on the surrounding environment after being treated by the above treatment measures.

224. After the completion of the site transfer, the solid waste mainly comes from the sludge produced by the landfill leachate treatment station and the domestic waste of the staff. The sludge and domestic waste after pressure filtration and dewatering are landfilled in sanitary landfill. Solid waste will not have obvious impact on the surrounding environment after treatment. e) Ecological environment impact

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1) Impact on terrestrial plants 225. The construction of the subproject proposed expansion will inevitably cause certain damage to the ecological environment of the area, and make the existing surface vegetation disappear. Meanwhile, the rolling of various motor vehicles and the activities of construction personnel will also cause serious damage and impact on the vegetation. However, as the damaged vegetation types are common in the assessment area, there are no rare and endangered plants and wild plants under state key protection according to domestic EIA survey and the consultant’s field investigation. The land space for proposed expansion of 900,000 m3 had been entrenched by steel mesh and artificially modified before the existing sanitary landfill was put into operation in 2010. Therefore, the construction of the subproject has little impact on the flora and vegetation types, and will not lead to the disappearance and extinction of the existing species and plant types in the region. Moreover, with the end of the construction period, after the landscaping construction, the vegetation will be gradually restored, which will make up for the loss of plant species diversity. The impact on vegetation during the construction period is shown in the table below.

Table 3-20 influencing factors on vegetation during construction period No. Construction Cause of influence Scope of influence activities 1 Manual excavation Direct destruction of vegetation in the 3m on both sides of excavation zone excavation zone 2 Mechanical operation Vegetation of rolling construction site Construction site

2) Impact on terrestrial animals 226. The direct impact on terrestrial animals during the construction period is mainly caused by the concentrated activities of construction personnel and the disturbance to animals during the construction process; the indirect impact is mainly the destruction of vegetation and soil by the construction of industrial enterprises, resulting in the loss of some terrestrial animal habitats. However, no significant traces of mammals, amphibians and reptiles have been found in the construction area. The main animals are small common birds, frogs and common lizards, with a small number and strong migration ability. Therefore, the survival of these animals will not be affected during the construction period. However, it should be noted that rodents are the main mammals in the construction area, with a large number of species. Most of them are harmful to agriculture and forestry in varying degrees, among which rats are the most harmful. Due to the dense personnel and rich food during the construction period of the base, the density may rise, leading to the spread of some species to the surrounding areas, which may lead to the increase and density of rodents around the construction area. Therefore, the contractor must do a good job of environmental sanitation and protection in the construction camp according to the requirements of the environmental management plan.

3) Impact of soil erosion 227. The subproject will destroy the surface vegetation, disturb the surface soil structure, change the current topography, and easily cause new soil erosion under the action of gravity, raindrop strike, water erosion and other external forces. Therefore, the rainy season should be avoided during the construction period. After the construction, the original site terrain changes greatly and the terrain is steep, which is prone to collapse, scattering, dumping, collapse and sliding. In order to ensure the slope stability of the site, slope stability treatment measures should be taken before ecological restoration. After the transfer of the waste in the landfill area, the ecological restoration of the original site of the landfill area is carried out.

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The soil layer with a thickness of 500mm shall be set on the original site, and the site shall be Afforested by laying turf and planting trees and shrubs. It has little impact on ecological environment.

3.5 Environmental mitigation measures

3.5.1 Air quality control measures a) Air quality control measures during construction period: 1) In the process of excavation, through reasonable planning of excavation process, the exposed working face is controlled in the minimum range to reduce the amount of odor. 2) In conjunction with the operation surface, equipped with mobile spray cannon (spraying distance not less than 30m) and sprinkler disinfector, spray and spray deodorant to reduce the amount of dust and odor. 3) HDPE membrane is used for temporary cover in trenchless area and leachate temporary storage tank, and gas guiding and discharging devices are set synchronously to reduce the impact of odor on external environment, and ensure that the odor pollutants in the site can meet the requirements of "emission standard for odor pollutants". 4) During excavation, special personnel shall be assigned to regularly check the content of methane gas and harmful gas in the air on site, so as to take necessary countermeasures in time, effectively control the occurrence of pollution accidents and eliminate potential safety hazards. 5) The closed dump truck is used as the transport vehicle. The running route and time of the vehicle are determined reasonably to reduce the impact of odor and dust on the environment.

b) Air quality control measures during operation period 228. During the operation period, the landfill gas of Zixing sanitary landfill site adopts the combustion treatment scheme. A total of 64 sets of gas conducting gabion wells are set up. The gas is collected and discharged to the combustion device in the northwest of the reservoir area for combustion treatment. In addition to the fugitive exhaust, other landfill gas derived from the gas guiding system will be ignited and burned before emission.

2.5.2 Wastewater control measures 229. Temporary facilities such as sedimentation tank shall be set up on the construction site. The construction wastewater shall be used for watering and dust suppression at the construction site after sedimentation. Arbitrary discharge of sewage is prohibited.

230. After the waste transfer, relying on the original landfill leachate treatment measures, the subproject will reconstruct and expand the existing leachate treatment system, and the treatment scale of the system after transformation is 120m3 / d. According to the calculation, the average annual output of leachate is about 39,201m3 /a and the average daily leachate output is about 107.4m3/d. The leachate treatment system was expanded from the existing "MBR (primary AO + UF) + NF" process to "MBR + NF + RO" process. At the same time, in order to reduce the amount of concentrated solution reinjection, a set of concentrated solution reduction device is designed. The disposal measures of engineering design are feasible.

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2.5.3 Noise control measures (1) No excavation at night. (2) The staff shall be equipped with sound insulation protective equipment; the maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment shall be done well to make it in good operation. After taking the above noise control measures, the noise at the boundary of each treatment stage reaches the standard of GB 12348-2008 industrial enterprises The noise control of engineering equipment will not produce obvious noise impact on the sensitive points of acoustic environment.

2.5.4 Solid waste control measures 231. During the construction period, the domestic waste of construction personnel is collected and then landfilled on site. During the construction process, the use of contaminated residual soil for backfilling of the waste pit after the transfer of the existing waste dump to another site should be avoided, so as to avoid the continuous pollution of soil and groundwater. In the follow-up design and implementation process, it is suggested to carry out relevant investigation and study according to the landfill waste situation during the excavation process of the existing garbage, and analyze the economic and technical feasibility of increasing the screening process. If the screening process can be increased, the screened domestic waste can be separately treated in the following ways: separating metal for sale to metal recovery company; light combustible garbage and sludge. It is transported to the waste to energy plant for incineration disposal, and inorganic aggregate such as brick and tile, gravel, construction waste and other inorganic aggregates are backfilled on site or transported outside as filling materials; the screened humus soil is used for in-situ backfilling of landscaping soil after passing the inspection. Although ACMs as hazardous materials have been banned from production since 1990s in China and were rarely found in modern MSW landfill. The construction team will carefully examine the excavated garbage compostion. Once identified, ACMs will be collected by the environmental sanitation department and sent to the urban special waste treatment center for centralized disposal.

232.After the implementation of off-site transfer, the sludge generated from the leachate treatment station of the sanitary landfill site is dewatered by pressure filtration and then landfilled on site. The domestic waste of the staff is collected and then landfilled on site.

2.5.5 Ecological conservation measures 233. After the transfer of garbage, the site shall be repaired and afforested to prevent soil erosion and completely change the current situation of the site to create a good environment. Local common species should be used for landscaping to prevent invasion of alien species.

2.5.6 Labor safety and occupational health Analysis of main hazard factors 234. The main hazard factors of the subproject can be divided into two categories, one is the harm and adverse influence caused by natural factors; the other is the hazard produced in the production process, including harmful dust and poison, fire and explosion accidents, mechanical injury, noise and vibration, electric shock accident, falling and collision and other factors.

（1） Analysis of natural hazards 1） earthquake

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235. Earthquake is a kind of natural phenomenon which can produce huge destructive force, especially the damage to buildings. It has a wide range of action, threatening the safety of equipment and personnel.

2） Rainstorm and flood 236. Rainstorm and flood threaten the safety of landfill site, and their action range is large. The occurrence of natural hazards is basically inevitable, but corresponding preventive measures can be taken to reduce the possible injury or damage to personnel, equipment and facilities.

（2） Analysis of production hazards 1） Toxic and harmful substances 237. The H2S gas in landfill site is irritant and toxic, which is harmful to human body in operation. In addition, toxic and harmful gases may be produced in the environmental monitoring laboratory.

2） Fire and explosion 238. Fire is a kind of severe combustion phenomenon. When the combustion is out of control, it will form a fire accident, which can cause great loss of personnel and property. The main threat of fire and explosion in the subproject is landfill gas in the landfill site, so the corresponding consideration is made in the design.

（3） Safety measures 239. The following measures are taken in the design of the subproject to ensure the safety of production and the labor protection of operation and management personnel. 1） Routine construction safety measures. Conventional construction safety measures can be implemented in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, standards, procedures, specifications, regulations, etc. 2） Prevent landfill gas fire and explosion accidents. Including detection of methane concentration; When methane concentration exceeding 1%, the (explosion-proof) fan shall be used for forced mechanical ventilation immediately to make it less than 1% before construction (if necessary, increase the fan power or increase the number of fans to ensure the realization of the above goal); record the concentration of methane, etc. 3） Minimize potential accident losses. Do a good job in the protection of landfill gas fire and explosion accidents, including providing sufficient fire extinguishers at the construction site; preparing yellow sand, handcart and shovel; setting up part-time fire brigade; providing interphone for construction management personnel, so as to facilitate emergency use in case of fire and explosion accidents. 4） The biochemical tank is equipped with operation platform, walkway board, safety guardrail and handrail for easy operation and walking. 5） All mechanical and electrical equipment are equipped with safety protection cover, and the distribution cabinet and box are of moisture-proof type, and obvious signs are set up. All electrical equipment shall take lightning protection, grounding and other safety protection measures in accordance with the requirements of "technical specification for plant power design" and other relevant specifications.

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6） Before the operation of the subproject, the corresponding safety regulations shall be formulated, and the necessary professional technical training shall be conducted for the operators before taking up their posts, so as to ensure the normal operation of the subproject. 7） Necessary anti falling and life-saving facilities shall be set for the railing of the treatment pool, and life jackets shall be provided for the staff, and two or more persons shall work at the same time. 8） The automatic control design of leachate lift pump is carried out to avoid direct contact with sewage, toxic and harmful liquid and gas. 9） It is forbidden to use open fire and smoke in the landfill area. If it is really necessary to use open fire due to the subproject, it must apply to the field department in advance, and it can only be used when the conditions for using the open fire are met after being tested by relevant technical personnel. 10） In case of storm and snow, the construction work shall be suspended and the working face shall be covered.

（4） Occupational health and protective measures 240. The corresponding measures should be taken as far as possible to improve the working environment and working conditions of workers to ensure their health. Specific measures are as follows: 1） Regularly monitor the quality of drinking water in the plant area. 2） Regular physical examination and prevention should be carried out for operators in the factory. 3） Carry out safety education and personal health education for employees. 4） Check the implementation effect of safety and health measures, establish safety files, so as to find out the weak links of safety and health in time. 5） The subproject contractor entrusts relevant departments to investigate the background of environmental sanitation. Cat. Pollution Pollution Control Treatment effect Acceptance sources factor measures and standards implementation standard The gas from landfill Emission standard Setting of Air Landfill CH4、 site is collected by for odor pollutants combustion device, gas H2S、 vertical gas guide Class II standard concentration of H2S NH3 gabion. The gas is (GB 14554-93) and NH3 at plant collected and discharged boundary to the combustion device in the northwest of the reservoir area for combustion treatment COD、 Treatment of existing Water pollution in Operation of leachate Leachate SS、 landfill leachate Table 2 of pollution treatment system waste Ammoni treatment system control standard for Water quality water a domestic waste nitrogen, landfill (GB CD 16889-2008)

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Cat. Pollution Pollution Control Treatment effect Acceptance sources factor measures and standards implementation standard Cr、Pb Requirements for pollutant emission concentration limits Set up leachate collection accident pool Accident pool

HDPE membrane is used for underground water partition seepage Anti seepage control in the expansion area measures to achieve Anti seepage requirements Low noise equipment Class 2 standard of Noise Boundar Equiva should be selected, and "emission standard fluence of boundary y noise lent A noise should be carried for industrial noise sound out by means of enterprises noise at level foundation vibration boundary" (GB reduction, building 12348-2008) sound insulation, reasonable layout and landscaping isolation Prevention and control of sound pollution Domesti domestic Set up domestic dustbin Centralized disposal, Dustbin Solid c garbage not random dumping waste garbage Sewage treatment On site landfill after Landfill on site after Dehydration station sludge pressure filtration dewatering by landfill dewatering pressure filtration living All kinds of flowers, plants and trees; local Up to the landscape Landscaping state common species should be used for landscaping standard, no situation after exposed surface excavation and transportation of dump garbage

3.6 Environmental risk analysis and risk management

3.6.1 Risk analysis of waste dam break 241. Causes of waste dam break a) The influence of the design quality of the treatment site, such as the calculation of flood volume and the design of the dam, has not met the requirements of the code. b) The construction quality is not guaranteed, such as the construction is not carried out in strict accordance with the technical requirements of the construction drawing, cutting corners and not strict acceptance.

Page | 108 c) The management is not standardized, for example, the dam is not stockpiled, leveled and rolled according to the design requirements, and the accumulated water in the reservoir is not discharged in time and exceeds the safety elevation. d) Unexpected reasons such as mountain torrents, torrential rain and flood volume exceeding the design fortification requirements.

242. Impact analysis According to the relevant information, after the dam burst, the garbage from the dump will be discharged like a debris flow. The downstream of the treatment plant will be seriously affected, which will cause serious property loss and environmental pollution.

243. Preventive measures a) Careful design, good control from the design to ensure the stability and safety of the treatment plant. The construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the design drawings, and it is strictly prohibited to cut corners; the construction site supervision shall be in place and strictly checked to ensure the construction quality. b) According to the engineering geological report, the dam site area shall be treated with anti leakage and anti-seepage measures to ensure no leakage and no infiltration of leachate; the dam site shall be designed in a place with good geological foundation conditions, with the strength of anti earthquake, anti mountain torrent and anti garbage extrusion. c) Strictly carry out standardized management, set up special personnel according to the design requirements, strictly manage and implement responsibilities. To ensure that the drainage system in the site and the spillway ditch around the reservoir are unblocked, patrol inspection on the garbage disposal site and garbage dam shall be strengthened in rainy season, especially in rainstorm period. Remedial measures shall be taken if cracks are found in the garbage dam; rescue measures shall be taken immediately after the dam breaks, and buffer zone can be set at the downstream of the dump. At the same time, necessary communication facilities shall be provided to keep in touch with the local government. If the dam body cracks and other signs across the dam are found, emergency repair and safety reinforcement shall be organized immediately. d) After the service period of the garbage dump, land reclamation, daily management and maintenance shall be carried out according to the regulations, and the ecological or vegetation restoration shall be carried out according to the relevant requirements to ensure the stability of the garbage dump. e) Strengthen the daily monitoring, set up the monitor around the landfill, and have a special person in charge of inspection, so as to eliminate the potential safety hazard. f) In strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, the safety and stability of the treatment site shall be evaluated regularly, and problems found shall be solved in time.

3.6.2 Risk analysis of heavy rainfall 244. Risk analysis If the residual volume of the regulating pool is not enough during the rainstorm, the leachate will overflow into the farmland drainage ditch and enter the farmland and river, causing

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environmental pollution.

245. Preventive measures a) The flood intercepting ditch in the site shall be constructed in advance according to the design requirements, so as to ensure that the unpolluted heavy rainfall can be directly led out of the site, so as to reduce the impact of rainstorm on the sewage treatment system. b) The flood intercepting ditch should be covered with cement cover and dredged frequently to prevent blockage of the intercepting ditch. c) The construction of leachate diversion system must be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations. Landfill, soil covering and compaction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the regulations. d) In daily operation, especially in rainy season, the residual volume of sewage regulating pool should be reserved to regulate the leachate of heavy rainstorm.

3.6.3 Risk analysis of leachate lining layer damage 246. Impact analysis If the leachate lining layer is not constructed according to the regulations, or if the impervious layer is damaged by careless landfill operation, the leachate will seep into the groundwater, the polluted groundwater will have high COD content, increased chroma and excessive fecal coliform group, which will cause groundwater pollution and may affect the drinking water of the surrounding residents.

247.Preventive measures a) When the lining layer is laid on the retaining dam, all sharp and hard objects, such as tree pockets and stones, should be removed; the site should be flat and compacted. b) The anti-seepage materials should be high-quality materials with a certain thickness, and the quality should be guaranteed when laying, without leaving joints. c) Strengthen the daily monitoring of groundwater. If the ground water quality of the monitoring well is abnormal, the causes should be analyzed immediately and the measures to control the pollution expansion should be put forward.

3.6.4 Risk analysis of leachate direct discharge 248.Possibility analysis The leachate treatment facilities that may fail in the subproject mainly include regulating tank, reverse osmosis tank, raw water tank, dosing device, pump, etc. In the leachate treatment system, except for the sewage pump, the failure of other treatment equipment will not lead to the direct discharge of untreated wastewater, but will reduce the removal rate of pollutants in wastewater. In order to avoid the impact of the sewage pump on the water treatment system, the standby of the sewage pump is considered in the design. Therefore, after the subproject is put into operation, except for human reasons, the possibility of all leachate discharged due to equipment failure is very small, but the treatment effect is reduced due to the failure of the treatment equipment, so that the wastewater can not be discharged up to the standard.

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249.Preventive measures a) Regular sampling to monitor the operation effect of wastewater treatment process. At the same time, the treatment facilities should be inspected and maintained regularly. b) Patrol the waste water treatment unit every shift, and record the blockage, damage, pump operation, reagent addition and use of the pipeline, and deal with the problems found in time. c) Spare parts shall be sufficient and timely replenished and replaced.

3.6.5 Risk analysis of landfill gas explosion 250. Cause and risk analysis After landfill, a large amount of air pollution is produced by fermentation and decomposition under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The atmospheric pollutants contain more CH4 and CO2, and CH4 is flammable and explosive gas. Although the landfill site has been closed for many years, the concentration of CH4 that may be generated during the process of construction is relatively large. Because the surrounding area of the treatment site is hilly, the atmospheric diffusion conditions are poor, or the gas duct gabion well is blocked and the air duct is damaged, when the concentration of CH4 accumulates to In case of open fire, including human factors or natural factors (such as lightning), fire will occur during construction and after site closure, endangering construction personnel or surrounding forest and village, and even causing property and personnel casualties.

251. Prevention and control measures a) The following air quality control measures shall be implemented during the excavation of the existing waste dump: 1) In the process of excavation, through reasonable planning of excavation process, the exposed working face is controlled in the minimum range to reduce the production of landfill gas. 2) In conjunction with the operation surface, equipped with mobile spray cannon (spraying distance not less than 30m) and sprinkler disinfector, spray and spray deodorant to reduce the amount of dust and landfill gas. 3) In the trenchless area and leachate storage tank, HDPE membrane is used for temporary cover, and gas guide and exhaust devices are set simultaneously to reduce the impact of landfill gas on the external environment. 4) During excavation, special personnel shall be assigned to regularly check the content of methane gas and harmful gas in the air on site, so as to take necessary countermeasures in time, effectively control the occurrence of pollution accidents and eliminate potential safety hazards. 5) In order to reduce the impact of landfill gas on the environment, the closed dump truck is used to determine the running route and time reasonably. b) The following air qualithy control measures shall be implemented after the treatment of the existing waste dump for the expanded landfill: 1) When the concentration of methane is high, methane may diffuse along with the airflow to the low-lying area or the wind shelter. In order to avoid explosion, methane alarm should be set in these places. When the concentration of methane reaches the dangerous concentration, the alarm will be sent out, so as to take emergency measures such

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as: (1) report to the person in charge of the landfill promptly, conduct an investigation immediately, and prepare to initiate emergency plans for the landfill if necessary. (2) Set up warning signs at the entrance to evacuate vehicles and idle personnel on site, and guide the driver to drive the vehicles away quickly. And pay attention to be ready to guide fire-fighting vehicles into the scene to extinguish the fire. (3) according to the actual situation (the wind direction and the degree of influence are delineated on the day), the downwind direction may be affected by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and CO gas. If necessary, organize the evacuation of personnel and arrange personnel from the surrounding villages or others affected by the accident evacuation etc. 2) Fire fighting measures should be strengthened and the fire pool should have sufficient capacity. Warning signs of "no open fire" and lightning protection facilities shall be provided in the site. 3) It is necessary to check whether the airway for landfill gas abstraction is blocked and damaged, and the biological oxidation layer should be checked regularly. If any problem is found, it should be repaired in time. 4) Fire prevention isolation belt shall be set around the garbage dump to prevent the spread of fire in case of fire. 5) In case of fire, put out the fire in time and take isolation measures.

3.6.6 Risk management requirements a) Adhere to the policy of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive treatment" 252. Actively implement preventive management of all staff, continuously enhance safety awareness, and give priority and veto power to safety work. Regularly carry out safety day, safety week and safety knowledge competition and other activities. Regular safety inspection and timely rectification of hidden dangers. Include sign boards/poster on site identifying safety requirements b) Establish safety rules and regulations 252. Prepare various safety regulations, safety systems and environmental protection systems, and print safety management accounts and safety operation tickets. All new employees must be educated and trained in safety, and can take up their posts with certificates after passing the examination. Before the commissioning of the whole plant, all on-the-job employees shall be assessed and issued with safety operation certificate, and management systems such as safety regulations during commissioning shall be issued. c) Establishment of security agencies 253. Safety and environmental protection department shall be set up in the plant area, with professional safety and technical management cadres of mechanical equipment, electrical equipment, instrument, etc., and factory level fire prevention committee, production safety management committee and labor appraisal committee shall be established; full time fire brigade shall be set up with corresponding fire-fighting facilities, and various fire-fighting equipment and safety production warning signs shall be provided for production site and key departments, and safety shall be held regularly fire drill and make safety plan.

3.6.7 Emergency plan 254. The contractor shall set up an emergency command center with an emergency office under it. The chief of the emergency command center shall be the chief commander. The

Page | 112 members of the command center include the person in charge of environmental protection, the person in charge of safety, the person in charge of dispatching room, the person in charge of production technology, etc. The contractor should also set up a field level emergency team, which can be part-time by production staff. The responsibilities of the command center are mainly responsible for establishing and improving the emergency plan; strengthening the education on staff prevention and emergency environmental risk accidents; preparing and managing the emergency facilities, equipment and materials; commanding the emergency plan startup, emergency response and emergency plan closing. The main responsibility of field level emergency team is to take necessary first aid measures under the leadership of the emergency command center in case of sudden environmental risk accident omen, dangerous situation or occurrence of environmental accident, and conduct regular drills in peacetime.

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4 Environmental management and budget support

4.1 Objectives

255. The objectives of the EMP are to ensure implementation of identified mitigation and management measures to avoid, reduce, mitigate, and compensate for anticipated adverse environment impacts, while complying with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, June 2009) and the PRC’s environmental laws, standards and regulations. Organizational responsibilities and budgets are clearly identified for execution, monitoring and reporting. The detailed EMP is presented in Appendix 1.

4.2 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

256. The potential impacts of the subproject during project implementation have been identified and mitigation measures will be implemented during the subproject construction and operation. The effectiveness of mitigation measures will be evaluated through environmental inspections and monitoring. Detailed mitigation measures are presented in Table A-1 of Appendix 1.

4.3 Environment Monitoring Plan

257. A plan for environmental safeguards monitoring (EMP monitoring) has been developed, which is included in Table A-2 of Appendix 1.

258. The Environmental Management Unit (EMU) under the implementing agency will be responsible for conducting internal environmental safeguards monitoring (EMP monitoring) under the technical guidance from loan implementation environment consultant. External EMP monitoring will be conducted a third-party independent environmental organization to be recruited by the PMO. The environmental officer in the PMO will be responsible for supervising EMUs and the contractors. The IA is responsible for ensuring that environmental mitigation measures in the EMP to be properly implemented. HPG, through the PMO, holds final responsibility to ensure the IAs to properly implement the EMP.

4.4 Reporting Requirements

259. The IA supported by the CSCs will submit the monthly environment monitoring report to the PMO. The PMO supported by loan implementation environment consultants under the loan supervision will prepare and submit internal environment safeguards monitoring (EMP monitoring) reports as a part of the progress report to ADB semiannually during construction and annually during operation. External EMP monitoring report will be prepared by the third- party independent environmental organization and submitted to ADB by the PMO semiannually. Within 2 months after project completion, environmental acceptance report of subproject completions shall be (i) prepared by a competent entity; (ii) reviewed by the local EPBs, and (iii) reported to the PMO by the IAs.

4.5 Implementation Arrangements

260. Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) is the executing agency for the subproject. A project leading group has been established and is responsible for directing the subproject and providing policy guidance during project implementation. The PMO has been set up under the project leading group and is responsible for coordinating the implementation of project activities on behalf of the HPG. The PMO is overall responsible for implementing EMP. The PMO has nominated a qualified environment officer to undertake effective environmental management activities specified in the EMP.

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261. The Implementing Agencies (IA)- Zixing City Urban Administration Bureaum formed an environmental management unit (EMU), which consists of a leader and an appropriate number of staff to coordinate environmental issues. The EMU is supported by the appointed environment consultant and supervised by the municipal and local EPBs.

262. Environmental engineers of construction supervision companies (CSCs) contracted by the IA will be responsible for the daily inspection, monitoring, and evaluation of mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring contractors are responsible for conducting environmental safeguards monitoring specified in the EMP supported by the CSCs. Environment Monitoring Station (EMS) or a certified environmental organization will perform compliance monitoring.

263. External environmental organization will be responsible for preparing semiannual / annual EMP monitoring reports and submitting to the PMO and ADB. Environmental monitoring consultants for loan implementation are responsible for providing appropriate trainings on EMP implementation and other tasks required by the PMO.

264. ADB will monitor the overall environmental performance of the subproject. ADB will also disclose the subproject monitoring reports on its website. ADB will review the semiannual EMP monitoring reports submitted by the PMO, and conduct due diligence on environment issues during the subproject review missions. If the borrower fails to comply with legal agreements on safeguard requirements, including those described in the EIA and the EMP, ADB will seek corrective measures and work with the EA and the PMO to ensure compliance.

4.6 EMP Performance Indicators

265. EMP performance indicators (Table below) have been developed to assess the implementation of the EMP. These indicators will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management.

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Table 4-1: EMP Performance Indicators

No. Description Indicators Measurement (i) Qualified environment officer is assigned in the PMO Yes by project inception stage (environment officer at 1 Staffing PMO level, and environment officer at PIU- Zixing City Urban Administratio n Bureaum were apppointed) (ii) Environment monitoring consultants are hired by the Yes PMO by project inception stage (iii) Environment management unit is established with Yes (at PIU) appropriate number of staffs in each IA by project inception stage (i) Environment mitigation cost during construction is Yes timely allocated

Yes 2 Budgeting (ii) Environment monitoring cost is timely allocated

(iii) Budget for capacity building is timely allocated Yes (i) Environmental safeguards (EMP) monitoring during construction period is regularly conducted by Not yet due environmental monitoring contractors supported by 3 Monitoring construction supervision company

(ii) Environmental safeguards (EMP) monitoring during Not yet due operation period is regularly conducted by environmental monitoring contractors (i) The PMO supervises environmental safeguards (EMP) Not yet due monitoring Not yet due (ii) Third-part external EMP monitoring 4 Supervision (iii) ADB mission accompanied, with the loan implementation environment consultants, conducts due Yes and diligence on implementation of EMP at least once a year reflected in during the subproject implementation period this report (i) Monthly environment monitoring reports prepared by Yes IAs and submitted to PMO

(ii) Semiannual external EMP monitoring report are Yes 5 Reporting submitted to ADB (iii) Semiannual environment safeguards (EMP) Yes (two monitoring reports prepared by the PMO and the loan reports were implementation environment consultants are submitted) submitted to ADB

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No. Description Indicators Measurement (i) Training on ADB safeguard policy is provided at least Yes once a year during the subproject implementation period

Capacity 6 (ii) Training on GRM is provided at least once during the Yes Building subproject implementation period (iii) Training on EMP is provided at least once a year Yes during the subproject implementation period (i) Project public complaints unit (PPCU) is established in Yes (at PIU) each IA before construction Grievance (ii) Contact person of PPCU is assigned and disclosed to Yes (Mr. Xie 7 Redress the public before construction at PMO level, Mechanism and Mr. Fan at (for details PIU) see the attached (iii) Complaints are recorded and processed within the set No applicable EMP) timeline so far since no complant ADB = Asian Development Bank, EMP = environment management plan, GRM = grievance readdress mechanism, IA = implementing agency, PMO = project management office,

4.7 Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

266. Based on environmental safeguards monitoring (EMP monitoring) results, HPG, the PMO, the IAs, and ADB with assistance from the loan implementation environmental consultants will decide whether (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective actions, or (ii) any improvement is required for environmental management practices.

267. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated through a feedback reporting system. The PMO, with assistance from the loan implementation environmental consultants, will assess the results of environmental monitoring and then, propose any changes to the mitigation plan. If necessary, adjustments can be proposed to the EMP. However, any major adjustments will be subject to ADB review and approval.

268. If substantial deviation from the EMP is observed or any changes are made to the subproject that may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or significant increase in the number of affected people, then the PMO should consult with the provincial EPB, the local EPBs and ADB immediately and form an environmental assessment team to conduct additional environmental assessment and further public consultation, if necessary. Revised EIA reports, including a revised EMP, should be submitted to the environmental authorities for approval and, finally, reported to ADB. The revised EMP will be passed to the contractor(s) and the implementing agencies for implementation.

4.8 Environmental protection investment estimation

269. The environmental protection measures of the existing landfill site mainly include: dust and domestic sewage treatment during the construction period, sanitary protection belt, landscaping and environmental monitoring and management, etc. the investment estimate of environmental protection is shown in the table below. The investment cost of environmental protection measures for the subproject's waste landfill treatment project is 870,000 yuan in Zixing City.

Table 4-2 environmental protection investment estimation of Zixing subrpoject

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No. Items Environmental Am Uni Unit Budge Remarks protection ou t cost t facilities nt (10000 (10000 yuan) yuan) 1 Dust control Watering truck 1 item 10 10 during construction 2 Domestic sewage Latrine and 1 item 2 2 during septic tank construction 3 Landfill gas Collection, 1 set Included in disposal guiding and main works combustion investment system 4 Leachate Drainage system 1 set Included in treatment main works investment 5 Garbage dam Garbage dam 1 set Included in main project investment 6 Ecological Planting grass 1 item Included in restoration and shrubs on main project the surface investment 7 Environmental Detection and 1 item 75 75 monitoring and analysis management Total investment in environmental protection 87

Page | 118 5 Conclusions

270. The subproject will bring significant and direct benefits to local residents in the Zixing City and the Xiangjiang River watershed will benefit from the subproject as well as pollutants discharged from unlined MSW landfills will be significantly reduced.

271. The subproject will: (i) cleanup of uncontrolled dump site through on-site closure, restoration, and leachate management; (ii) mine existing dump and transfer the solid waste to sanitary solid waste landfills; and (iii) build project management and institutional capacity for relevant agencies, including sustainable operation and maintenance of project facilities.

272. Potential environmental impacts have been identified in the subproject EIA and mitigation measures have been proposed as well. A comprehensive EMP including environment monitoring program has been developed. Both internal and external environment monitoring during project implementation will be conducted to ensure EMP implementation. Project assurances have been developed to strengthen confidence in the implementation of key measures in the subproject EMP and to address potential issues that are beyond the scope of the subproject.

273. Based on the information presented in this subproject domestic EIA, and assuming full and effective implementation of the subproject EMP, loan assurances, and training, potential adverse environmental impacts can be minimized and/or mitigated to acceptable levels and to within the standards applied in this addendum to the EIA.

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APPENDIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Introduction

1. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for the Zixing landfill site transfer and upgrading contract package (Contract No.: C-ZX01) under Hunan Xiangjiang River Watershed Exiting Solid Waste Comprehensive Treatment Project (the project). The subproject is located in south Hunan province, the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This EMP has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) on the basis of (i) a consolidated domestic environmental impact assessment (DEIA) prepared by a certified domestic EIA institute from Hunan province and approved by Chengzhou EPB in March 2019 as well as the environmental due diligence for the proposed scope change undertaken in June to September 2020, (ii) a project feasibility study report (FSR) and preliminary design, (iii) social and economic assessments conducted under the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA), (iv) discussions held during ADB missions, PPTA consultants, Hunan project management office (PMO), Hunan Department of Environment Protection, ten subproject city/county governments, including local environmental protection bureaus (EPBs), (v) two rounds of public consultation meetings at the ten subproject cities/counties attended by PPTA consultants and surveys. The EMP covers all project implementation phases, including planning, design & pre-construction, construction, and operation of all project components, and the impacts identified in relation to physical, biological, cultural and socio- economic resources, as discussed in Section VI (Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures) of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project.

B. Objectives

2. The objectives of the EMP are to ensure the implementation of: (i) identified mitigation and management measures to avoid, reduce, mitigate, and compensate for anticipated adverse environment impacts, and (ii) monitoring and reporting against the performance indicators while ensuring that the project complies with PRC’s environmental laws, standards and regulations and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009). Organizational responsibilities and budgets are identified for execution, monitoring and reporting.

3. The EMP defines appropriate mitigation measures for the anticipated project environmental impacts, and the institutional responsibilities and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance. The EMP specifies (i) objectives; (ii) implementing organizations and responsibilities; (iii) major environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (iv) environmental monitoring and reporting arrangements; (v) training and institutional strengthening; (vi) future public consultation; (vii) a feedback and adjustment mechanism; and (viii) the project level GRM. The EMP will be reviewed and updated, if necessary, before construction starts, and will further be revised during the project implementation if determined that mitigation measures need to be amended or new measures needed. The updated EMP will be reviewed by ADB and disclosed on ADB’s website.

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C. Implementation Arrangements

4. Hunan Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department (HRUD) is the executing agency (EA) for the project and it will provide the overall direction and guidance during project preparation and implementation. The PMO has been set up under the EA and is responsible for coordinating the implementation of the project activities on behalf of the HRUD.

5. The PMO is responsible for implementing EMP. At the design stage, the PMO and the ten implementation agencies (IAs) will request design institutes to incorporate mitigation measures specified in the EMP in the detailed designs. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detailed design phase, and construction contractors are requested to comply with the updated EMP. To ensure the contractors comply with the EMP, the PMO and the implementing agencies assisted by the environmental consultants will prepare and provide the following specification clauses to incorporate in the bidding documents: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their tendering documents; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) environmental monitoring requirements in domestic EIAs, the EIA and the EMP. The PMO supported by the loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC), will prepare semi-annual environment progress reports and submit them to ADB and the provincial EPB.

6. The PMO will nominate a qualified environment officer to undertake effective environmental management activities specified in the EMP. Environmental engineers of construction supervision companies (CSCs) contracted by each implementing agency will be responsible for the daily inspection, monitoring, and evaluation of implementation of mitigation measures.

7. The implementing agency (Zixing City Urban Administration Bureau) will establish a project implementation unit (PIU) under which an environmental management unit (EMU) will be assigned. The EMU consists of a leader and an appropriate number of staff to coordinate environmental issues. The EMU will be in charge of (i) implementation of EMP at each subproject level; (ii) supervising the implementation of mitigation measures during construction; (iii) supervising environmental monitoring contractors for environmental safeguards monitoring (EMP monitoring); (iv) implementation of training programs for contractors with support from CSCs; (v) incorporating environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into the construction and operation management plans; (vi) reporting monthly their environmental monitoring to the PMO; and (vii) arranging reviews of environmental monitoring and responding to any unanticipated impacts. The EMU will be technically supported by the LIEC and supervised by the PMO.

8. Municipal Environment Protection Bureaus (EPBs) are responsible for ensuring the project to comply with all the relevant PRC environmental laws and regulations. For that purpose, EPB, if appropriate, will direct the PMO and implementing agencies to address any subproject deficiencies.

9. Contractors are responsible for implementing relevant mitigation measures and monitoring during construction specified in EMP supported by the CSC, and under the

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10. During the operational stage, the PMO and the municipal EPBs will supervise the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures conducted by the IAs. The cost of mitigation measures will be borne by the IAs.

11. An external Environmental Monitoring Agency (EMA) will be hired by the PMO for conducting independent EMP compliance monitoring and verification during the project implementation. Semi-annual external EMP monitoring report will be prepared by the external EMA.

12. Loan Implementation Environment Consultant (LIEC) will (i) assist the PMO to update the EMP and environmental monitoring program; (ii) verify the implementation of the environmental protection measures specified in the EMP; (iii) review monitoring reports and the semi-annual environment performance reports; (iv) prepare EMP monitoring section of the semi-annual/annual project progress reports; (v) provide training to the staff of the PMO, the implementing agencies, contractors and CSCs on environmental management implementation and monitoring; (vi) identify any environment-related implementation issues and suggest necessary corrective actions; and (vii) undertake site visits as required.

13. ADB is responsible for monitoring and supervising the overall environmental performance of the project. ADB will also disclose the project EIA and subsequent semi- annual EMP monitoring reports on its website. ADB will review the semiannual EMP monitoring reports submitted by the PMO, and conduct due diligence on environment issues and the EMP performance indicators during the project review missions.

14. If the EA/IAs fail to comply with legal agreements on safeguard requirements, including those described in EIA and EMP, ADB will seek corrective measures and work with the EA/IAs to bring the project back into compliance. If the EA/IAs fail to reestablish compliance, then ADB may exercise legal remedies, including suspension, cancellation, or acceleration of maturity, that are available under ADB legal agreements.

15. Before resorting to such measures, ADB will use other available means to rectify the situation satisfactorily to all parties to the legal agreements, including initiating dialogue with the parties concerned to achieve compliance with the legal agreements.

16. The EMP implementation arrangements and responsibilities of each organization are summarized in Table EMP-1.

Table EMP-1: Institutional arrangement for the EMP

Organization Management Roles and Responsibilities Executing agency: • Provide overall direction and guidance during project preparation and Hunan Housing and implementation; Urban-Rural • Responsible for project coordination with all project city and county Development governments, liaison with ADB, financial management and Department (HRUD) administration;

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• Ensure counterpart contributions are provided for project implementation on time; • Providing guidance to PMO; and • Hold final responsibility to ensure the project comply with the EMP. • Coordinate the implementation of the project on behalf of HURD; • Primarily responsible for implementation of project components, including finance and administration, technical and procurement matters, monitoring and evaluation, and safeguard compliance; • Assign one environment specialist as EMP officer/coordinator who will (i) supervise contractors and their compliance with the EMP; (ii) conduct regular site inspections; (iii) act as local entry point for the project GRM; (iv) review environmental quality monitoring results provided by the IA; • Communicate and coordinate with ADB for project management and implementation; submit the project implementation progress reports Project Management and safeguard compliance monitoring reports to ADB; Office(PMO) • Submit bidding documents, bid evaluation reports and other necessary documentation to ADB for review and approval; • Engaging loan implementation consultants, including environmental specialists to assist in supervision, tracking and reporting on EMP implementation for all packages; • Engage local environmental monitoring stations and external environment monitoring organization for environmental impact monitoring according to the EMP environment monitoring plan; and • Consolidate data from environmental monitoring reports into semi- annual environmental monitoring reports and submit them to ADB for review and disclosure.

• Establish an environmental management unit (EMU); • Responsible for day-to-day management work during the project preparation and implementation periods; • Hold direct responsibility of the implementation of the EMP; Implementing Agencies • Communicate and coordinate with PMO/EA for project management (IAs) and Project and implementation; Implementation Units • Incorporate EMP clauses in bidding documents for civil works; (PIUs)- Zixing City Urban • Hire CSCs to monitor and supervisor EMP implementation; Administration Bureau • Establish local level dedicated Project Complaints Coordinating Unit in accordance with the project GRM; • Participate in capacity building and training programs; and • Prepare monthly environmental reports and submit them to the PMO.

• Coordinate environmental issues on behalf of PIUs; • Implement EMP at each subproject level; • Supervise the implementation of mitigation measures during construction; Environmental • Supervise CSCs and contractors for EMP implementation; management Units • Implement training programs for contractors and CSCs with support (EMUs) from LIEC; • Incorporate environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into the construction and operation management plans; and • Arrange reviews of environmental monitoring and responding to any unanticipated impacts. • Construction contractors will develop site-specific EMPs on the basis of Contractors, the project EMP and will be responsible for implementing mitigation Construction supervision measures during construction under the supervision of the CSCs; companies • CSCs will be selected through the PRC’s procedures by the IAs; (CSCs) • CSCs will be responsible for supervising construction progress and quality, and EMP implementation on construction sites;

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• CSCs are responsible for the daily inspection, monitoring, and evaluation of implementation of mitigation measures during the construction; and • Each CSC will have at least one environmental engineer on each construction site to: (i) supervise the contractor’s EMP implementation performance; (ii) prepare the contractor’s environmental management performance section in monthly project progress reports to be submitted to the IAs and PMO; (iii) ensure occupational health and safety management at work sites. County/city EMS or • Conduct environmental impact monitoring according to the EMP certified environmental monitoring plan; and entity • Prepare ad submit monitoring results to the PMO. • Conduct independent assessment of EMP compliance during the project implementation; • Review and analyze project related significant environmental impacts, progress of implementation of mitigation measures as outlined in the External Environmental project EIA/EMP, participation in ongoing stakeholder consultations and Monitoring Agency evaluation and reporting on how environmental grievances, if any, are (EMA) handled; • Provide recommendations and suitable actions to PMO on any corrective actions; and • Prepare and submit semi-annual external monitoring reports to ADB through PMO for review and disclosure at ADB website.

• Assist the PMO to update the EMP and environmental monitoring program; • Provide training to the staff of the PMO/IAs, contractor and CSCs on EMP implementation; • Assist the PMO/IAs in preparing site-specific EMPs; • Confirm that mitigation measures have been included in engineering detailed design; • Review bidding documents to ensure that the EMP clauses are incorporated; Loan Implementation • Advise on mitigation measures, provide technical support, and conduct Environment environmental training; Consultant (LIEC) • Undertake site visits as required and verify the implementation of the environmental protection measures specified in the EMP • Review monitoring reports and the semi-annual environment performance reports • Identify any environment-related implementation issues and suggest necessary corrective actions • Conduct annual EMP compliance review; and • Support PMO in preparing project progress reports including EMP implementation status summary and any additional mitigation measures taken.

• Provide orientation to HURD, PMO and IAs; • Monitor and supervise the overall environmental performance of the project; Asian Development • Review and approve the semi-annual environment monitoring reports Bank (ADB) and disclose the reports on ADB website in line with ADB Public Communications Policy (2011); and • Conduct due diligence of environment issues and advise on corrective actions during the project review missions. Environment Protection • Ensure the project to comply with all the relevant PRC laws and Bureau (EPB) regulations; and • If necessary and appropriate, direct the PMO and implementing agencies to address any subproject deficiencies.

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D. Project Readiness Indicators

17. Table EMP-2 presents the Readiness Indicators which provide a measure of whether environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction.

Table EMP-2: Readiness Indicators Pre-Construction

Indicator Measurement Methods Measurement  EMUs established before construction. Yes Yes No Environmental  LIEC and external EMA contracted. Yes No Supervision in place  Site specific GRM established. No  Bidding documents and contracts incorporate the Bidding documents Yes No and contracts with environmental loan assurances environmental  Bidding documents and contracts incorporate the Yes No safeguards EMP mitigation and monitoring requirements  The fund from ADB is in place to support the EMP EMP financial support Yes No implementation  Environmental requirements of EMP included in contract documents for civil works construction Yes Yes No Contract documents contractors  Contractor EMP developed and submitted to PMO No and LIEC for review and approval

18. Performance indicators for monitoring environmental performance in relation to key project risks and impacts during construction are set out in Table EMP-3.

Table EMP-3: Performance Indicators During Construction

Indicator Measurement Methods Measurement

 Interviews with stakeholders in project area Stakeholder Interviews Yes No before each construction season

External Environmental  Semi-annual external EMP monitoring reports Yes No Monitoring submitted to PMO  EMUs monitor mitigation implementation and EMP Implementation Yes No confirm compliance, reporting monthly to PMO  IAs monitoring effluent wastewater in accordance Sanitary Wastewater to the requirements of the applications PRC Yes No Effluent Monitoring national standards and submit the monitoring results to local EPBs and PMO

E. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

19. The potential impacts of the project during project implementation as identified by the domestic EIAs and the project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and corresponding mitigation measures are summarized in Tables EMP-4 (general impacts) and EMP-5 (project component specific impacts). The common potential impacts and mitigation measures for all or most components are summarized in Table EMP-4 to avoid repeating for each component

Page | 125 while component specific impacts and corresponding mitigation measures are presented in Table EMP-5. Both general and project component specific mitigation measures will be incorporated in detailed design, bidding documents and civil works contracts by design institutes, contractors and IAs, and supported by LIEC, PMO, and local EPBs of the ten project cities and counties. The effectiveness of mitigation measures will be evaluated through environmental inspections by construction supervision staff and LIEC and independent monitoring by the EMA to be recruited by the PMO.

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Table EMP-4: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures – General

Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise

A. Design & Preconstruction Phases Pre-construction Environment  Appointment of one environmental officer within each PIU to IA and PMO PMO and EA PIU and PMO planning and management coordinate EMP implementation. budget and detailed design readiness  Recruiting LIEC by the PMO for training on EMP implementation, ADB loan for stage site specific EMP development, project specific environmental consulting quality monitoring, developing detailed monitoring plan for services construction and operation periods in accordance to the monitoring plan.  Recruiting an EMA to conduct independent monitoring of EMP implementation.  Updating of the EMP prior to tendering and construction as necessary and including EMP requirements in tender and contract documents.  Developing a plan to implement the GRM, including developing subproject operational GRMs; provide training for PIU staff and GRM access points; disclose GRM phone numbers, addresses, and emails to the public on information boards at each construction site; establish database for feedbacks.  Consulting and informing residents and key stakeholders near the construction sites regarding construction timing and approach, especially for MSW mining site in Zixing. Contractor  Prior to contraction, prepare a site-specific EMP which shall fully Contractors PMO Included in environment respond to the requirements set in the project EMP, and shall contractors’ management plan include a number of sub-plans, including the following: bids and  Soil erosion protection plan, identifying likely areas of soil erosion contracts and the mitigation measures which the contractor will employ to minimize potential erosion around any excavations and

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise construction areas.  Borrow and spoil management plan, specifying location of borrow pits, quarries and spoil disposal sites, as needed. Contractors will ensure that (i) borrow areas will be located away from residential areas, water bodies and will avoid valuable pasture/grazing land, (ii) after use borrow pit areas will be graded to ensure drainage and visual uniformity, and (iii) borrow pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance with all applicable standards and specifications;  Water protection plan, defining measures to be taken during construction to avoid/mitigate pollution arising from construction site drainage (silt), use of chemicals, construction around existing landfills containing leachate and other potential pollution sources;  Health and safety risk management plan for management of community and occupational health and safety. Civil work contractors shall also consult with relevant local departments to double check location of utilities prior to any construction activities at all MSW transfer sites;  Spill management plan, defining the specific requirements, protocols, responsibilities, and materials necessary to implement an emergency spill response following an incident;  Waste management plan, defining procedures for management of household waste, construction waste, detailing arrangements for storage and transportation of the waste to landfills;  Traffic management and access plan, identifying construction activities that may affect the local traffic and communicating with local traffic control agencies on the timing and locations of construction activities.

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise Baseline Groundwater  The sampling location should be set in the upstream, downstream DEIA PMO Included in establishment and both sides of the groundwater flow in the landfill when institute DEIA (Component 1, 2 monitoring the groundwater quality of a landfill and its surrounding contracts & 4) areas. Groundwater sampling can be taken from the existing groundwater monitoring wells. New groundwater monitoring wells should be drilled if there is no suitable groundwater monitoring well.  The groundwater monitoring will be carried out during the dry season. The number of monitoring should not be less than 3 times and the interval time should be 10-15 days. Surface water  A survey should be conducted to find out the locations of DEIA PMO Included in discharge outlets and discharge water quality of landfill leachate institute DEIA treatment facilities. contracts  The surface water quality within 1 km downstream of the landfill area should be investigated and monitored. The surface water to be investigated should include lakes, rivers, fish ponds, and water basins with constant water every year. Atmosphere  The quality monitoring points for atmosphere environment should DEIA PMO Included in environment be set on landfill, environmentally sensitive areas around the institute DEIA landfill, downwind of the annual or summer dominant wind contracts direction, and 50 m to 100 m away from the boundary of the landfill.  Atmosphere environment quality monitoring should focus on the total suspended particulates (TSP) and odor concentration, and record weather conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity. It should be carried out separately under two meteorological conditions, favorable for pollutants dispersion condition and unfavorable for pollutants dispersion condition.

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise Landfill gas  The concentrations of methane gas in the landfill and inside DEIA PMO Included in surrounding buildings (structures) should be investigated. institute DEIA  The existing landfill gas collection and treatment (utilization) contracts system and waste pile should be examined to determine whether there are gas leaks and any other safety hazards such as fire and explosion.  The gas monitoring well should be installed at 3 m to 5 m from the building (structure) foundation between the building (structure) and the waste pile. The number of gas monitoring wells should be 3 to 5 and the well spacing should be 2 m to 3 m. Methane gas in each gas monitoring well should be monitored at least 10 times. The monitoring frequency can be determined according to the gas migration amount and should be monitored every 2 to 3 days. The monitoring frequency should be adjusted according to the rate of methane accumulation in the wells. Solid waste  Solid waste samples will be collected from Zixing landfill, to be Contractor PIUs, PMO Included in characterization mined/removed and transported to sanitary landfills. contractors’ bids  The samples will be analyzed to determine whether the waste in and contracts these landfills contains hazardous substances, such as asbestos and hazardous chemicals.

Environmental Soil resources:  Minimize land take for development. Design PIUs, PMO Included in Impact Minimization Loss of land and  Incorporate landscape and revegetation features in design; institute the design Planning topsoil, increasing contract  Retain/incorporate landscape features in design. risk of erosion  Optimize balance between cut and fill and avoid deep cuts and high embankments to minimize earthworks.  Maximize reuse of spoil and other material within the construction or adjacent construction works.  Select spoil disposal sites and develop spoil management and

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise rehabilitation plan.  Specify removal and storage of topsoil for restoration works prior to main earthworks.  Specify vegetation that serves specific bioengineering functions and is of local provenance.  Design appropriate drainage systems for slopes to reduce soil erosion, particularly for garbage dam. Emission: Minimize  Specify local materials to minimize transport distance. Design PIUs, PMO Included in air emissions.  Locations for borrow areas and concrete batching stations must institute the design be at least 300 m downwind of the nearest household. contract Water bodies:  Technical design must ensure that drainage design and discharge Design PIUs, PMO Included in Minimize risk of locations minimize risk of polluting nearby water bodies. institute the design polluted run-off into  Design the on-site wastewater treatment facilities with appropriate contract water bodies technology and adequate capacities.  Ensure water is treated to the relevant standard prior to discharge to the municipal sewer system.

B. Construction Phase Ambient air quality Construction  Construction site in rural areas will be enclosed with walls. Contractors PIUs and Included in fugitive dust will be  The road at construction site, operating area, living area must be PMO contractors’ bids generated during ground hardening with fine stones, or other equivalent material. and contracts the levelling of  Spray water on haul road surface and construction areas to landfill piles, landfill reduce fugitive dust emissions. Spraying water 1-2 times a day, capping, storage and increase the frequency in wind or dry weather conditions. and transportation of construction  Avoid high fugitive dust generating construction activities during materials, and strong wind period. other civil works  activities. Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads.  Tarpaulin will be used to cover materials to prevent fugitive dust emission and spillage during transportation.  Strengthen the supervision and management of transportation of materials to avoid spillage along the way.  Use enclosed MSW trucks when hauling waste. If there is no enclosed dump truck, loads will be covered during truck transportation to avoid spillage or dust generation.  Construction waste and spoil will be treated and removed in a timely manner to prevent dust emission, reduce land occupation, and improve the environment of the construction sites.  Vehicle's haulage routes will be planned to avoid the residential area, traffic intensive areas, and other sensitive receptors as far as possible. Vehicle speed on unpaved haul roads will be restricted to 15 km/hr or less.  Use commodity concrete as much as possible.  Develop and implement a site housekeeping program to effectively manage the disposal, removal, and stacking of spoil, construction waste, and construction materials on the construction site.

Exhaust gas from  Select high-quality equipment and fuel, improving the efficiency of Contractors PIUs and Included in construction various types of fuel combustion machineries. PMO contraction machinery and  Develop and implement an operation management and contracts vehicles, including maintenance program for construction vehicles to keep them in excavators, dozers, good working order and inspect them regularly. haul trucks and  Ensure emissions from vehicle and construction machineries are other supporting in compliance with the PRC standards. service vehicles.  Turn off engines to reduce idle time emissions if anticipated

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise waiting period is longer than normal and turn off engines when not in use.  Provide masks for operating personnel.  Open burning of construction waste material and trash/refuse shall be strictly prohibited and shall be subject to penalties for the contractor, and withholding of payment. Wastewater Wastewater is  Construction work will stop during heavy rain to avoid Contractors, PIUs and Included in mainly generated contaminated water generation. CSCs PMO contraction from the following  Uncompacted soil layer and construction material will be covered contracts construction with waterproof tarpaulin. activities: washing  Construction wastewater will be collected and treated with construction sediment traps and then used for water spray for on-site dust machinery and suppression. vehicles; pouring of concrete;  Stormwater will be collected a rainwater catchment area at each stormwater from construction site. Rainwater will go to the sedimentation traps construction sites before reuse or discharging the rainwater. during rain; and  Portable toilets and small package wastewater treatment plants domestic and or septic tanks will be provided on construction sites for the wastewater of workers. Construction sites and construction camps shall also construction have drainage provisions to collect and treat site runoff. workers.  Domestic wastewater of construction workers will be used for dust suppression after an on-site septic-tank treatment and biochemical treatment.  To avoid construction waste contaminating water at construction sites, waste bins will be set up at each construction site to collect waste in the construction area, and the local sanitation department will pick up the waste regularly for disposal to sanitary landfills.

 Intercepting drainage ditches are constructed around the construction sites to collect wastewater and stormwater. After the

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise sedimentation treatment, it is used for water sprays to control dust emission at construction sites.  Cement, sand and lime building materials will be managed effectively to avoid water pollution during rain.  Construction machinery will be maintained on a regular basis to prevent dripping or leaking oil and contaminating soil and water.  Place storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provide bunds and cleanup installations;  Contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed and follow proper protocol for transferring fuel and the PRC standard of JT3145-88 (Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods).  Any spills are to be cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes within 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC and Hunan requirements. Records must be handed over without delay to the PMO and local EPB. An emergency spill contingency plan shall be prepared by the contractors as part of the site-specific EMP and personnel will be trained in its use.

Acoustic Noise and vibration  During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (a) Contractors, PIUs and Included in environment are generated from noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC CSCs PMO contraction activities involving standard for Noise Standards for Construction Sites (GB12523- contracts different 2011) and the WBG EHS Standards; (b) only low noise machinery construction or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; and (c) machineries, concrete mixers and similar activities will be located at least 300 m mainly including away from the nearest sensitive receptor. excavators,  Strictly control construction time, reasonably arrange the bulldozers, construction plan, avoid construction work at night (22:00 to 6:00)

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise loaders, piling when construction activities are near sensitive receptor. machines,  Night transportation activities will be limited. To reduce noise at equipment lifting night, restrict the operation of machinery generating high levels of machinery and noise, such as piling, and movement of heavy vehicles along transport vehicles urban and village roads between 8 pm to 6 am. and other types of  Apply noise reduction devices or methods where piling equipment construction is operating, such as construction within 300 m of sensitive sites. machineries.  Locate sites for rock crushing, concrete-mixing, and similar activities at least 1000 m away from sensitive areas.  Use low-noise mechanical equipment as much as possible, and keep equipment well-maintained to minimize noise and vibration impact.  Various types of machinery with low noise will be included in the bidding documents;  Provide training of the on-site staff on proper use of various heavy equipment;  Forbid the use of horns when near residential areas, schools, hospitals and other sensitive points unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles.  Monitor noise at construction site boundaries and at sensitive areas; consult potentially affected people at regular intervals. If noise standards are exceeded, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation; place temporary hoardings or noise barriers around noise sources during construction, if necessary;  Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on construction sites and haul roads (less than 15 km/h).  Basic shock absorber and workshop sound insulation, fan installation silencer and low-noise equipment will be implemented.

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise  Avoid using multiple high-noise machinery and equipment at the same time.  Construction vehicles will avoid sensitive residential buildings, schools, and other sensitive buildings.  Commercial concrete will be used as far as possible. Compared with concrete mixers installed on construction sites, commercial concrete has features such as less land occupation, less construction volume, convenient construction, and less noise pollution, and at the same time, it greatly reduces the traffic volume of cement and sand and reduces road traffic noise and dust pollution.  Provide the construction workers with suitable hearing protection (ear muffs) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC. Solid waste Solid waste  Minimize waste generation by managing materials on site Contractors, PIUs and Included in generated during effectively through good house-keeping and work planning. CSCs PMO contraction the construction  Construction waste earthwork and spoil will be used as closure contracts phase is mainly the covering soil or greening soil. It can be consumed by the project waste earthwork without any external transport. produced by the  Construction waste will be collected, stored at fixed points, construction classified and disposed of the local sanitation department. activities such as the landfill pile  Waste iron and steel in construction waste, waste packaging levelling, access materials, can be recovered by a waste recycling company. road construction,  Waste bins shall be set up at the construction site to collect and the waste domestic waste in the construction area, and the local sanitation produced by department will collect the waste and dispose it in the sanitary construction landfill. workers.  Strip and store topsoil in a stockpile for reuse in restoration.  Use approved spoil disposal sites and borrow areas and contractors will only use material from borrow pits that have been

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise approved.  Spoil disposal sites and borrow areas shall be away from water body and residential areas.  Contractors should plan their work in borrow areas and spoil disposal sites so that the open area is minimized and rehabilitation can be completed progressively.  Restoration of spoil disposal sites and borrow areas will follow the completion of works in full compliance with all applicable PRC standards and specifications, and will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts.  If spoil occurs, properly remove and dispose of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils that remain on the ground during and after construction to the spoil sites. Any planned paving or vegetation of the area shall be done as soon as the materials are removed to stabilize the soil.  Burning of waste is strictly prohibited.  Conduct construction completion assessment to confirm that spoil disposal site and borrow area rehabilitation meets required standard and contractor is liable in case of noncompliance. Physical Cultural Destruction of  Stop work immediately and notify the local cultural authority when Contractors IA, Bureau None Resources buried cultural encountering potential cultural relics; adopt measures to protect of Cultural relics the site. Relics, PMO  Contractor must comply with PRC's Cultural Relics Protection Law and Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation Regulations if such relics are discovered during construction. Socio-economic Community Health  Keep the public informed of construction schedules, dusty and Contractors IA, local resources and Safety noisy activities, and access to the grievance redress mechanism. transport Emergency  Prepare a traffic control plan and consult local transport bureaus bureau, preparedness and before the construction starts to minimize interpretation to traffic. PMO response The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon rush hours. With the proper implementation of the plan, community safety risks will be effectively addressed.  An emergency response plan for accidents and emergencies, including environmental and public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events will be prepared, and submitted to the IA for review and appraisal. A fully equipped first-aid base in each construction site will be provided.  Underground utilities will be identified prior to any earth moving work. Construction activities will be planned so as to minimize disturbances to these utilities if they are located near the construction sites.  Regulating traffic at road crossings, selecting transport routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, reinstating roads, and opening them to traffic as soon as the construction is completed.  Plan construction activities to minimize disturbances to utility services, if any.  Inform residents and businesses in advance through media of the construction activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption;  Place clear signs at construction sites in view of the public, warning people against potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations, and raising awareness on safety issues;  Heavy machinery will not be used at night.  Secure construction sites and equipment, to prevent access by the public through appropriate fencing or security personnel Grievance Handling and  Establish a subproject-level GRM for each subproject, appoint a IAs, PIUs PMO PIU budget redress resolving GRM coordinator within PIUs.

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise mechanism complaints on  Brief and provide training to GRM access points (IA, PMO, contractors contractors).  Disclose GRM to affected people before construction begins at the main entrance to each construction site.  Post the complaint hotline number at all work site and construction camp entrances.  Maintain and update a database to document all complaints. Occupational Construction site Each contractor shall Contractors, PIUs and Included in health and safety sanitation  Provide adequate and functional systems for sanitary conditions, CSCs PMO construction (OHS) toilet facilities, waste management with waste separation, labor contracts dormitories and cooking facilities.  Effectively clean and disinfect the site. During site formation, spray with phenolated water for disinfection. Disinfect toilets and refuse bins and ensure timely removal of solid waste.  Exterminate rodents on site at least once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes and flies at least twice each year.  Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor management and sanitation departments in the living areas on construction site, and appoint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection.  Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system or treated on-site using a portable system.  Contractor will develop EHS management plan, which will be aligned with relevant government regulations and guidelines on COVID-19 prevention and control, or with international good practice guidelines as updated in the future. The plan will be reviewed by the supervision consultant in consultation with local public health inspectors, local medical officers, or other relevant health specialists, with a recommendation forwarded to the EA for clearance. The plan will include COVID-19 prevention and control measures.

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise Occupational safety  Provide personal protective equipment (safety hats and shoes) to Contractors, PIUs and Included in all construction workers CSCs PMO construction  Provide ear defenders to workers operating and working near contracts noisy areas.  Prepare and obtain approvals of method statements for hazardous activities such as excavation.  Provide clean water for all construction sites and workers’ camps.  Provide an adequate number of latrines and other sanitary arrangements at construction sites and work camps, and ensure that they are cleaned and maintained in a hygienic state.  An emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies will be prepared, including environmental and public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events. A fully equipped first-aid base in each construction camp will be organized.  Ensure awareness and other training will be provided to all persons working or visiting the construction sites.  Safety posters will be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site. Cumulative Cumulative impacts  PIUs will coordinate with contractors and other project contracts Contractors, PIU and PMO None Impacts during construction and other projects in the area of influence in terms of construction PIUs schedule, access roads and disposal sites sharing.  Contractors shall develop material transport plans in consultation with local traffic management authorities, other contractors, and local community.

C. Operation Phase Ambient air quality Landfill gas  Landfill gas is collected and treated using bio-oxidation technology. IAs Local EPBs Included in IAs’ generated from operating landfill affecting air budget quality

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise Odor generated in  Use deodorization system and air odor treatment system IAs Local EPBs Included in IAs’ waste compaction, operating loading, and budget unloading processes transportation pollutants for each vehicle in accordance with PRC standards. operating trucks affecting  Conduct periodic air quality monitoring in accordance with the budget local air quality monitoring program in the EMP. Wastewater Leachate  Leachate will be collected and treated in sanitary landfill treatment IAs Local EPBs Included in generated from facilities. IAs’ MSW landfills  Effluent from the leachate treatment facilities will be monitored in operating accordance with PRC standards. budget  Concentrated solution will be treated using RO treatment technology. Noise and Traffic noise from  Conduct ambient noise monitoring and inspection, determine IAs Local EPBs Included in vibration MSW trucks; pumps whether mitigation measures will be required for sites where noise IAs’ and fan noise of the levels are expected to exceed the standard. operating leachate treatment  Low-noise equipment will be procured and installed and it will be budget facilities specified in the bidding documents

Solid waste Solid waste  MSW will be compressed at MSW transfer stations, which will be IAs Local EPBs Included in transportation and cleaned daily and MSW will hauled away daily. IAs’ sludge produced by  Only totally enclosed MSW trucks will be used for transporting operating leachate treatment waste from MSW stations to sanitary landfills. budget facilities  Sludge from the leachate treatment system is dewatered by the filter and sent to sanitary landfills. Community Traffic safety  Strictly enforce traffic law to improve road safety and reduce traffic IAs with PMO IA’s Health and impact from MSW accidents. support from operating Safety trucks and  Employ traffic control when necessary. LIEC budget emergency  An emergency response plan for accidents and emergencies, preparedness. including environmental and public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events will be prepared, and submitted to the PMO for review and appraisal.

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Responsibility Potential Impacts Source of Item/Activity Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who and Issues Fund implement supervise Occupational Safety  Set speed limit to 15 km/hr within the landfills. Health and training,awareness  Provide safety training to all employees, especially truck drivers. Safety and competence Staff will be trained in basic sanitation and health care issues, occupation health and safety, and the specific hazards and/or safety risks associated with their work.  A fully equipped first-aid base in each sanitary landfill will be provided.

Table EMP-5: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Each Component

Responsibility Source of Item/Activity Potential Impacts and Issues Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards who who Fund implement supervise

Component 2: Mining of Existing MSW Landfills (Zixing MSW landfill subproject)

A. Pre-construction Phase

Detailed design Preliminary and detailed design  For landfill with no leachate collection facilities or poor leachate Design PIUs, PMO Included in of landfill of MSW leachate treatment collection facilities, some effective leachate collection Institute the design closure10 shall follow the PRC national remediation measures shall be considered during landfill closure contracts standard CJJ150-2010 to minimize groundwater pollution by leachate. Technical Code for Leachate  Leachate collection remediation measures shall be developed Treatment of Municipal Solid based on the topography and conditions of the landfill. The Waste. alternatives include laying of leachate diversion ditch in the downstream of the landfill, installing wells and pumps, and lateral well diversion on the landfill slope.

10 The EIA / EMP will be updated at the detailed design stage as required based on the additional information available after further investigation of the site, leachate movement and groundwater table.

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 The original flood control system of the landfill should be evaluated and checked. The total catchment area should include the surface area of the landfill, when checking the flood peak discharge of the flood interception trench outside the landfill area.  The impermeable layer should be designed according to the conditions of damages, depth of waste, geological conditions, and economic and technical feasibility.  The landfill status investigation should be conducted before the schematic design of the landfill closure is finalized. The investigation should include, but not limited to: structure of impermeable layer; status of leachate collection system; area, height and shape of the waste pile; status of leachate level in waste pile; collection, treatment and utilization of landfill gas; flood control and drainage facilities; stability of the waste pile; amount of landfilled waste; and non-domestic wastes, if any.  The stability analysis and settlement calculation shall be carried out for the waste pile. The stability analysis and settlement calculation shall comply with the relevant provisions in the current industry standard of "Technical Code for Geotechnical Engineering of Domestic Wastes Landfill" CJJ176.  The status of the landfill area should be analyzed based on the investigating data and material. A topographic map of the landfill area should be developed, and the location of hidden hazards should be marked on the map.  When the landfill closure project plans to adopt vertical anti- seep barrier measures, the engineering geology and hydrogeology of the landfill surroundings should be investigated. It should confirm if there are any obstructions at the proposed vertical anti-seep barrier.  35 gas conducting gabion wells are newly added in the existing sanitary landfill reservoir area (phase 1, already built) and 29 gas conducting gabion wells are newly built in the sanitary landfill reservoir area (phase 2, to be built under this subproject). At the same time, a new landfill gas combustion station will be built in the northwest hilltop to connect the gabion well with the HDPE collection pipe, and finally collected to the landfill gas combustion station for combustion treatment

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B. Construction Phase

The construction of landfill landscape shall comply with the relevant provisions in the industry standard CJJ/T 82 "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Urban Landscape Engineering Projects".

The landfill cover layer, landfill gas collection, surface runoff, and leachate collection facilities shall not be damaged during construction. Air quality Odor generated from  Earth covering work will be implemented immediately after excavation process on the bare reshaping the landfill pile to mitigate the odor emission. operating surface.  Mobile spray gun, water spraying and LDPE temporary coverage will be used to reduce odor emissions.  MSW extracted from the landfill will be quickly loaded to enclosed MSW trucks to minimize exposure time before it’s hauled away from the site.  Gas detection equipment will be set up at the construction site with an automatic alarm function.  Open burning will be forbidden at the construction site. Leachate Minimize leakage and ensure  If there is any leachate leakage, a leachate collection drain Contractor CSC, IA Included in collection and occupational safety should be built at the leachate leakage position. construction treatment  Pumping equipment shall be explosion-proof when using vertical contract diversion well.

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Flood control The damaged flood control  If a landfill does not have a flood control system, such a system Contractor CSC, IA Included in and surface facilities or flood control should be included in the landfill closure process. construction runoff diversion facilities that do not meet the  Slope protection shall be carried out around the landfill area with contract flood control requirements potential landslide hazards. should be rehabilitated and  The surface drainage ditch should be built on the top of the repaired. waste pile, slope, and the platform. The design of the drainage ditch shall meet the following requirements: (i) Drainage ditch should not form a slope by the settlement of the waste pile. (ii) Different section sizes of drainage ditch should be adopted according to the different catchments in the upstream and downstream of the waste pile. The parameters such as the size of the ditch, water flow, and flow velocity should meet the requirements of the national flood control standards. (iii) The structures and materials of drainage ditch should resist uneven settlement. (iv) The layout of drainage ditch should be effective in preventing surface runoff from eroding the cover soil.  The platform between the waste pile slopes should be equipped with a drainage ditch that receives upstream surface runoff and shall be connected to the drainage ditch in the downstream.  The combination of drainage and slope protection should be considered for landfill slopes in areas with large precipitation.

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Landfill area Greening  Except for the necessary gas diversion, flood control and Contractor CSC, IA Included in landscape stormwater diversion, and leachate diversion facilities, the other construction surfaces should be covered with vegetation. contract  The landscape soil layer will be laid on the top layer of the landfill. The thickness of the soil layer should be at least 500 mm.  The landscape soil layer will be compacted by layer and the degree of compaction should not be less than 80%.  The fertilizing and tillage methods for the vegetation will be determined according to the characteristics of the proposed vegetation.  The organic matter content, moisture, aeration, and pH value of the vegetation soil layer should meet the soil requirements of the selected vegetation cultivation. Artificial soil can be used in key landscape areas.  The parameters such as soil compaction, grain size, and contents of other materials in the landscape soil layer should conform to the relevant requirements in the industry standard CJ/T 340 “Landscape Planting Soil".  If the slope is larger than 1:3, top soil stabilization measures should be adopted. Landfill Ensure the stability of landfill  The shallow layering operations should be adopted and deep Contractor CSC, IA Included in reshaping and occupational safety excavation shall not be used during landfill excavation. construction  The excavation personnel should wear gas mask during manual contract excavation. The depth of trench should not exceed the height of workers during manual trenching.  During landfill shaping, the excavated waste should be backfilled timely. The backfilled waste should be compacted layer-by-layer, and the compaction density of waste should not be less than 0.8

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t/m3.  During landfill shaping, the surface of the exposed waste should be temporarily covered with low-permeability material to prevent odor and fugitive dust emission and stormwater penetration.  Any cracks, gullies and holes that appear in the landfill should be filled and compacted.  The status of existing landfill gas and leachate collection systems shall be checked before landfill shaping. Protection measures should be taken to the functional systems to prevent damage caused by the landfill shaping.  The basic functions of the drainage, transportation, landfill gas collection and treatment, and leachate treatment facilities in the landfill should be maintained during landfill shaping.

Asbestos The MSW landfill to be  Before project implementation, an asbestos risk assessment will extracted (mined) is located in be conducted by the local EPB. small town Zixing with little  Asbestos and ACM will be transported in sealed vehicles to the industry in the 1980s. The hazardous waste landfill in Chengzhou. landfills were for municipal solid  The local EPBs will supervise the removal of ACM waste and waste. Thus, it’s unlikely the transport process, with the support of the specialist from the loan waste to be extracted from the implementation environmental consultant. landfills contains ACM.  The masks shall be provided to workers from contractor for the MSW extraction.  Training on identifying and managing asbestos and ACM will be provided to the contractors.  The monitoring plan consists of a visual inspection to confirm that all identified ACM wastes have been removed, and a clearance monitoring of airborne asbestos to confirm safe working environment.

B. Operation Phase

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Land Once the solid waste is mined  Establish a special institute for closed landfill redevelopment, IAs Local EPBs Included in Redevelopment and removed from these two recruit specialists of soil, plants, flowers, pest control, and IAs’ MSW landfills, there will be no marketing; operating facility to operate. The sites will  Consider constructing the closed landfill area as a suburb budget be redeveloped according the ecological park, according to the development situation of city local cities’ master plans. urban area and the surrounding area of landfill; and  The closed landfill area is prohibited to be used as permanent construction land without the authentication of sanitation, rock- soil, and environmental specialists. Construction During the construction period,  Avoid busy roads and traffic rush hour; IAs Local EPBs Included in Transportation a large amount of construction  The construction unit should work with the transportation IAs’ materials need to be brought department to enhance the driver’s professional ethics operating in. Construction waste and a education; budget small amount of domestic  Transport on the required route, and dispose the waste waste generated on site must according to the prescribed location. be transported out. Transportation vehicles will have a certain impact on surrounding traffic. Component 4: For Existing Sanitary Landfill Upgrades

(Zixing sanitary landfill)

A: Construction Phase

Wastewater Leachate seepage due to Geosynthetics HDPE geomembrane will be installed in strict insufficient anti-seepage accordance with the specifications to design the impermeable layer solutions. at the bottom and slope of the landfill site.

B. Operation Phase

Ambient air Main impact is odor from Leachate pond will be enclosed to reduce odor emission to ambient IAs Local EPBs Included in wastewater treatment stations. air. IAs’ budget

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Odor caused by trucks Repair or upgrade the leachate transporting trucks of sanitary landfill, IAs Local EPBs Included in transporting leachate to sanitary ensuring the truck hopper can be properly closed without any IAs’ budget landfill for treatment are not leachate leakage. properly closed.

Wastewater Leachate concentrated solution Leachate will be collected and treated by upgrading current MBR IAs Local EPBs Included in generated by leachate system + ultrafiltration + nano-filtration to "MBR + NF + RO" IAs’ budget treatment facilities. technologies. A leachate concentrated solution treatment system using RO will be built to reduce the impact. Noise and Noise mainly from sewage Develop and implement a good O&M program to ensure all IAs Local EPBs Included in vibration pumps, aerators, sludge equipment is good working order; IAs’ budget dewatering machines and Keep the doors and windows closed for building with high noise sludge pumps equipment. Solid waste Domestic waste of employees,  Domestic waste and interceptors of screens can be landfilled IAs Local EPBs Included in interceptors of filter screens, and disposed directly in the sanitary landfill. IAs’ budget and sludge from leachate  Leachate treatment facility sludge must be sterilized before being treatment stations landfilled. Landfill closure According to the local climate,  When dead plants are found in the landfill landscape area, it will IAs Local EPBs Included in maintenance soil conditions, and be checked if it is related to the leakage of landfill gas or the IAs’ characteristics of different discharge of leachate. Then, necessary corrective measures will operating plants, proper maintenance of be taken accordingly. budget the landscape on landfill  The fire and explosion hazards may still exist in landfill gas after surface should be conducted landfill closure. Fire safety signs shall be equipped in accordance after the landfill closure. with the requirements of the “Safety Color and Safety Signs” and “Standards for Environmental Health Signs”. Traffic safety signs and speed limit signs are required for vehicles access. High- voltage warning signs are required for power distribution rooms.

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Operation Minimize the environmental  Effective landscaping isolation measures shall be maintained IAs Local EPBs Included in maintenance impact and ensure the around the main leachate treatment processes. IAs’ budget occupational safety  Leachate treatment area shall be equipped with necessary access, obvious signs of vehicle direction, and meet the requirements of the fire codes.  Leachate treatment plants shall be equipped with waste water, exhaust gas, and noise monitoring systems.  Regulating tanks and anaerobic reaction facilities shall be equipped with hydrogen sulfide and biogas concentration monitoring and alarm devices; aeration facilities shall be equipped with ammonia concentration monitoring and alarm devices.  Each leachate treatment unit shall be equipped with the testing and monitoring devices for production control and operation management.  Landfill leachate production and discharge measurement system shall be established. Daily water consumption report and annual reporting system shall also be developed.  The main odor generation sources, such as regulating tanks and sludge dewatering facilities, should be closed, partially isolated, and suctioned. The odor gases should be collected and treated before discharge.  The noise generated from the different parts of the leachate treatment facility should be controlled and appropriate mitigation measures should be taken. The plant boundary noise shall comply with the national standard GB12348-2008 "Noise Standard for Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise".  The foam generated by leachate treatment during aeration shall be suppressed by spray water or foam reduction agents. Occupational Adaptive for both construction  Control and protection measures shall be taken for dangerous Contractor, CSC, local Included in

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health and and operation phase gases such as biogas and hydrogen sulfide. IAs EPBs construction safety  Fire prevention measures shall be taken for the anaerobic budget and treatment facilities, biogas storage, utilization facilities, and IAs’ transmission pipelines. operating  The open structures shall be equipped with guardrails. budget  The obvious location shall be equipped with necessary protection and life-saving supplies and medicines. The protection and life-saving supplies and medicines shall be managed by specially-assigned persons and checked and replaced from time to time.  The construction and operation of the leachate treatment works shall adopt measures that are helpful to the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the protection of the workers’ health. Occupational disease prevention equipment and protective articles shall be in normal working condition and shall not be dismantled or used without authorization.  Emergency plan should be developed at construction and operation stages to address the following risks: waste dam break, heavy rainfall, leachate lining layer damage, accidental leachate direct discharge, landfill gas explosion, etc.

Source: DEIA, project EIA, Technical code of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill Closure (GB51220-2017), Technical Code for Leachate Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (CJJ150-2010), and Construction Standard of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Closure Projects (CJ140-2010).

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F. Environment Monitoring Plan

20. An environmental monitoring plan (EMoP) focuses on the environment impacts within the project‘s areas of influence for each of the ten subprojects. The EMoP for the project has been developed to ensure the environmental impacts and mitigation measures are implemented. A summery the EMoP is shown in Table EMP-6, which covers the scope of monitoring, monitoring parameters, time and frequency, and implementing agencies. The monitoring will comply with the methodology provided in the relevant PRC national environmental monitoring standards. Environmental Monitoring during the detail design phase will be conducted as per the EMoP including further investigations for high mercury concentration in surface and groundwater at Loudi and Chenzhou city. Other associated compliance standards to be followed are the national environmental quality standards for ambient air, Groundwater, surface water and noise, and the effluent discharge standards (see project EIA Chapter II). Environmental monitoring program include the following:

21. Internal monitoring by contractors. Civil works contractors will develop site EMP with environmental management and internal supervision systems based on the approved project EMP and the DEIAs, undertake self-check activities and fully cooperate with the local EPBs. Each contractor will have designated EHS staff responsible for site EMP implementation.

22. Internal monitoring/supervision and reporting by CSCs. During construction, the designated EHS staff from CSCs will be responsible for conducting internal environmental monitoring (consisting mainly of visual site inspection) in accordance with the monitoring plan. The CSCs will be supported the EMU staff and the LIEC. Supervision results will be reported through the monthly reports to the PMO.

23. Internal environmental monitoring and reporting by PMO. The LIEC will conduct regular site visits to monitor the EMP implementation progress. Results of site visits, project EMP implementation and environmental impact monitoring will be communicated to ADB through the semi-annual project progress reports prepared by the PMO.

24. Independent/external EMP compliance monitoring. The PMO will contract a qualified independent environment monitor agency (EMA) to conduct periodic environmental quality monitoring and EMP compliance verification in accordance with the monitoring program (Table EMP-6). The EMP will visit each construction site at least twice a year and submit semi-annual EMP monitoring reports during the construction phase to the PMO, which will forward the reports to ADB for review and disclosure on ADB’s website. A detailed cost breakdown will be provided by the EMA when the environmental monitoring program is updated and finalized at the start of each subproject implementation.

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Table EMP-6: Environmental Monitoring Plan Subject Parameters Location Frequency Standard

1. Mining of Existing MSW Landfills (Zixing existing MSW landfill mining) Monitoring plan is made based on Standard for Pollution Control on Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB16889-2008) and Technical code of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill Closure (GB51220-2017).

Two monitoring Ambient Air points in the upwind Twice in the Quality Ambient air CH4, H2S, NH3, PM10 and downwind construction period Standard direction of project (GB3095-2012) sites Noise Limit of Five monitoring Construction Construction Equivalent continuous A sites at the access Twice in the Site Boundary noise sound level (LAeq) road and around construction period (GB12523- the project sites 2011) 2. Existing Sanitary Landfill Upgrade (Zixing sanitary landfill) Monitoring plan is made based on Standard for Pollution Control on Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB16889-2008) and Technical code of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill Closure (GB51220-2017).

A baseline monitoring manhole pH value, total hardness, in 30-50m total dissolved solid, groundwater ammonia nitrogen, nitrates, upstream of landfill nitrite, sulfate, chloride, sites; Two pollution Monitor once per cyanide, volatile phenols, dispersal monitoring year Ground Water total hardness, total manholes at 50m of wet, normal, and dry Quality Groundwater dissolved solids, both sides of landfill season; monitor for Standard (GB/T permanganate index, total sites; Pollution 2 consecutive days 14848-93) bacteria, total mercury, total monitoring cadmium, total lead, each time manholes in 50m hexavalent chromium, total and 150m of arsenic, fluorine, copper, groundwater iron, zinc, and manganese downstream of landfill sites Standard for Pollution Monitor once per Control on Suspended Solid, COD, Outlet of leachate quarter; monitor for Landfill Site of Leachate BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, treatment facilities 3 consecutive days Municipal Solid coliform bacteria each time Waste (GB16889- 2008) Two monitoring Monitor once per Ambient Air points in the upwind quarter; monitor for Quality Ambient air CH4, H2S, NH3, PM10 and downwind 7 consecutive days Standard direction of project each time (GB3095-2012) sites

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Noise Limit of Monitor once per Construction Equivalent continuous A At boundaries of all quarter; three days Noise Site Boundary sound level (LAeq) sites divided by day and (GB12523- night per time 2011)

G. Reporting Requirements

25. The PMO, with the assistance from LIEC, will prepare the EMP implementation section of the semi-annual project progress reports to be submitted to ADB. If any unanticipated environmental and/or social risks and impacts arise during construction, implementation or operation of the project that were not considered in the EIA and EMP are discovered, the PMO shall promptly inform ADB of the occurrence of such risks or impacts, with detailed description of the event and proposed corrective action plan. The environmental reporting requirements are described below and also summarized in Table EMP-7.

26. Monthly environment report. The IAs supported by the local CSCs will submit the monthly environment monitoring report to the PMO. Information to be provided in the report includes: (i) project implementation status; (ii) environmental mitigation measures implemented; (iii) monitoring and observation of activities; (iv) environmental training conducted; (v) occupational health and safety reporting (e.g. accidents during construction, etc.); (vi) major events or issues that happened during the reporting period; and (vii) complaints received from the public and how these were resolved through the GRM. The LIEC will be responsible to develop a template for monthly report and provide training to CSCs and EMU/IAs. The CSCs will prepare such reports while the IAs will verify the information provided in the report. Both the CSCs and the IAs are required to sign the report before sending to the PMO.

27. Environmental monitoring report. The PMO will be recruited a licensed organization to conduct environment monitoring according the EMoP described in previous section of the EMP. All monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures and requirements of the applicable PRC national and Hunan provincial standards. The environmental monitoring organization will communicate with the PMO and LIEC to fully understand the requirement of the EMoP before going to the field for environmental monitoring. The monitoring data and report will be submitted to the PMO by the organization.

28. Semiannual project progress report. The PMO supported by LIEC under the loan supervision consulting package will prepare the EMP implementation section of the project progress reports to be submitted to ADB semiannually during the construction and annually during operation. The report include information such as (i) project implementation status; (ii) environmental mitigation measures implemented; (iii) monitoring activities including compliance monitoring; (iv) monitoring data; (v) analysis of monitoring data against relevant standards; (vi) violations of environmental regulations and standards; (vii) any additional mitigation measures and corrective actions required; (viii) environmental training conducted; (ix) occupational health and safety reporting (e.g. accidents during construction, etc.); (x) major events or issues that happened during the reporting period and follow-up actions

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needed; and (xi) complaints received from the public for all subprojects and how these were resolved through the GRM. The report will be discussed for both subprojects financed by ADB and associated facilities such as environmental performance of Guiyang County Tailing Pond.

29. Semiannual external EMP compliance monitoring report. The PMO will recruit an external EMA to conduct independent EMP compliance monitoring and reporting. The EMA will visit each construction site, review information/data from the contractors and CSCs, review the semiannual project progress report, review and evaluate the environmental monitoring report prepared by the monitoring organization, assess construction site safety management, review EMP training program implementation and training records, and evaluate the effectiveness the internal EMP monitoring. Semiannual external EMP compliance monitoring report will be submitted to the PMO. The report will include a comprehensive assessment of the EMP implementation, findings and recommended corrective actions to be taken. The PMO will forward the report to ADB semiannually for review and disclosure on ADB’s website.

30. Environmental acceptance monitoring report. Within two months after project completion, environmental acceptance monitoring report for each subproject shall be completed. The report will be (i) prepared by an authorized organization in accordance with the PRC Regulation on Environmental Check-and-Acceptance of Project Completion (State Environmental Protection Agency, 2001); (ii) reviewed for approval by the local EPBs, and (iii) reported to the PMO by the IAs. The report will be submitted to ADB by the PMO for information purpose.

Table EMP-7: Environmental Reporting Requirements Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency A. Construction Phase IAs supported by Monthly environment report PMO Monthly Contractors, CSCs Environment monitoring Licensed monitoring PMO Semiannually report organization Environmental section of PMO, LIEC ADB Semiannually Project progress report External EMP compliance External EMA PMO, ADB Semiannually monitoring report Environmental acceptance Authorized Within two months after Local EPBs, PMO report organization project completion B. Operation Phase Environmental section of PMO, LIEC ADB Annually Project progress report External EMP compliance External EMA PMO Annually monitoring report ADB = Asian Development Bank, CSC = construction supervision company, EMA = environmental monitoring agency, EPB = environment protection bureau, IA = implementing agency, LIEC= loan implementation environmental consultant, PMO = project management office.

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H. Training and Capacity Building

31. To ensure effective implementation of the EMP, the capacity of the PMO, PIU, CSCs, contractors will be strengthened, and all parties involved in implementing mitigation measures and monitoring of environmental performance must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and the best practices of project environmental management. The EPB and LIEC will offer series of trainings to strengthen the capacity of the PMO and IAs concerned for EMP implementation. The main training emphasis will be to ensure that the contractors, CSCs, PIUs and PMO are well versed in environmentally sound practices and are able to undertake all construction and operation with the appropriate environmental safeguards.

32. The training program also addresses long-term capacity building and awareness raising needs, i.e. for the operational phase of the sanitary MSW landfills. Training and awareness raising campaigns will be provided by qualified operation and maintenance experts and the consultants.

33. Training Needs Assessments will be conducted by the LIEC to tailor the training for maximum impact. The trainer will include in their program a before/after assessment to evaluate the success of the training. An evaluation questionnaire will be used to assess the effectiveness of the training and the training program will be adjusted based on feedbacks. Training will be provided throughout the implementation of the project and the training program is summarized in Table EMP-8.

Table EMP-8: Institutional Strengthening and Training Program

Training topic Scope of Training Trainer Trainee

Procurement  ADB’s procurement guideline and bidding procedure PICS PMO, IAs, and contract  Bidding document preparation, including EMP clauses PIUs, DIs, management  Risk of improper procurement and mitigation measures CSC,  Handling variation orders and contract management Implementation LIEC, or CSC, IAs, of EMP and - EMP contents and EMP implementation, including experts PIUs other health implementation responsibilities, environmental from EPBs Contractor and safety monitoring, supervision, inspection and reporting, GRM access requirements consultation and participation, mechanism of EMP points, other review, feedback and adjustment; related local bureaus - Site EMP preparation and implementation - reporting procedures,

- EHS considerations during project construction and operation;

- Monitoring and inspection methods, data collection and processing, interpretation of data, reporting system;

- Communication with the public by different means (innovative community-based advocacy campaigns); - Review of first year experience (after 12 months)

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Grievance - GRM structure, responsibilities and timeframe LIEC redress - Types of grievances, eligibility assessment; CSG, IAs, mechanism - Use and purpose of GRM; PIUs, other (GRM) - Subproject level GRM; related local - ADB requirements for GRM; bureaus - GRM procedures; - Roles and responsibilities; - Review of first year experience (after 12 months) Municipal solid - Integrated MSW management system PICS, LIEC waste - Kitchen waste management CSG, IAs, management - Construction waste management PIUs, other - MSW reduce, reuse, and recycle related local - Policies and regulations for MSW management bureaus - MSW sorting and recycling - MSW source utilization - New technologies in MSW treatment and management - Waste charging to incentivize higher waste minimization, waste reuse, and recycling rates - Public awareness program and public willingness on 3Rs

Emergency - Response mechanism to incidents such as spills Experts preparedness - Response plan development from EPB, CSC, IAs, and response - Mitigation measures for similar events LIEC PIUs, other planning - Emergency response team, procedure and actions

- Drills of emergency response plan related local bureaus,

Construction - International and national good practice for safety at PICS safety construction sites CSC, IAs, - Policies for improving construction safety PIUs, other - Safety risk and hazard assessment related local - Safety training program development and bureaus implementation - Public awareness program and education Operation of PICS sanitary landfill - Good practice of sanitary MSW landfill management; CSC, IAs, and leachate - O&M of sanitary MSW landfills; PIUs, other facility - O&M of leachate facilities related local - Effluent monitoring from the leachate facilities bureaus

ADB = Asian Development Bank, CSC = construction supervision company; EA = executing agency, EHS = environment health and safety, EMP = environment management plan, EPB = environment protection bureau, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IA = implementing agency, LIEC = Loan implementation environment management consultant, PICS = project implementation consulting service; PIU = project implementing unit

34. Capacity Building. In addition to short-term training courses, the project includes a capacity building and institutional strengthening output, which is relevant to mitigation measures and EMP implementation. Under Output 6(b), the project will provide support to the project IAs to assist in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organizations and their ability to manage the sanitary MSW landfill facilities. Specific tasks under the output will include:

i) Study on kitchen waste treatment in the developed countries and the implementation in the PRC; ii) Study on urban-rural integrated MSW management system

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iii) Leachate and leachate residuals treatment study iv) Study on construction waste treatment and the development in China v) MSW reduce, reuse and recycle and the development in China vi) MSW sorting and recycling and the development in China

I. Estimated Budget for Mitigation and Monitoring

35. The mitigation measures related to construction works, which will be shouldered and budgeted by contractors. The environmental management (including supervision, mitigation, monitoring and training) requiring specific budgets outside the civil works contracts and they are shown in Table EMP-9. All costs will be required to be included in the bidders bids and thus covered by successful contractors’ budget.

Table EMP-9: Mitigation cost during the construction

No. Items Environmental Amount Unit Unit cost Budget Remarks protection facilities (10’000 (10’000 yuan) yuan) 1 Dust control Watering truck 1 item 10 10 during construction 2 Domestic Latrine and septic 1 item 2 2 sewage during tank construction 3 Landfill gas Collection, guiding 1 set Included in main disposal and combustion works system investment 4 Leachate Drainage system 1 set Included in main treatment works investment 5 Garbage dam Garbage dam 1 set Included in main project investment 6 Ecological Planting grass and 1 item Included in main restoration shrubs on the project surface investment 7 Environmental Detection and 1 item 75 75 monitoring and analysis management Total investment in environmental protection 87

J. Public Consultation

36. Two rounds of public consultations were held during the preparation of the DEIAs and the project EIA. The results of the stakeholder consultation process demonstrated that all components under the project have strong local support. In compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009), environmental information related to the project was and/or will be disclosed to affected people as follows:

(i) this EIA is disclosed on ADB’s project website (www.adb.org), and is available for consultation in the PIUs’ and PMO’s offices; (ii) the DEIAs will be reviewed, disclosed and approved by the municipal EPBs where the subprojects are located; and

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(iii) semi-annual external monitoring reports on project’s compliance with the EMP as well as the Project Completion Report (PCR) will be disclosed ADB’s website at www.adb.org.

37. During project implementation, affected people will be consulted and informed through formal questionnaire surveys, site visits and informal interviews by the PIUs and the LIEC. Public meetings will be organized by the PIUs prior to mid-term mission to present and discuss EMP implementation progress, solicit community opinions and concerns, and agree on required corrective actions. The LIEC will, prior to the PCR mission, organize a survey to assess community satisfaction with project implementation and project outputs. The EMA will assess the EMP implementation performance.

K. Grievance Redress Mechanism

38. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established for each subproject level. Each PIU will assign one staff prior to construction to establish a Project Complaint Unit (PCU) at subproject level to deal with complaints from affected people throughout implementation of the project. The PCU will be the key contact point for local community representatives who may require information about the project or who have an issue they would like to discuss. The PCU’s phone number, fax, address, email address will be disseminated to the public and each construction sites. Each PIU will maintain a complaints database and communicate with contractors, construction supervision engineers, local EPBs, the PMO, and representatives of affected local communities. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by the respective PIUs. Costs related to escalated grievances will be covered by the PMO.

39. Once a complaint is received and filed, the PCU will assess if complaints are eligible. Eligible complaints include those where (i) the complaint pertains to the project; and (ii) the issues arising in the complaint fall within the scope of environmental issues that the GRM is authorized to address. Ineligible complaints include those where: (i) the complaint is clearly not project-related; (ii) the nature of the issue is outside the mandate of the environmental GRM (such as issues related to resettlement, allegations of fraud or corruption); and (iii) other procedures are more appropriate to address the issue. Ineligible complaints will be recorded and passed to the relevant authorities, and the complainant will be informed of the decision and reasons for rejection.

40. The procedures and timeframes for the grievance redress process are described in the following five steps and also shown in Figure EMP-1.

41. Stage 1: Resolution at Subproject Level. If a concern arises, the affected person (AP) may try to resolve the issue of concern with the GRM designated staff at the subproject or complain to the local authorities, such as local EPB. If the concern is resolved successfully by the subproject, no further follow-up is required. Nonetheless, the GRM designated staff at the subproject shall record any complaint and actions taken to resolve the issues and report the results to the GRM designated staff of PMO. If no solution is found within 7 working days or if the complainant is not satisfied with the suggested solution, proceed to Step 2.

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42. Stage 2: Official Complaint to PMO. The AP will submit the grievance directly, or via the PCU at the subproject, to the GRM designated staff of PMO who must assess the eligibility of the complaint, including whether Step 1 has been implemented properly, identify a solution in conjunction with the subproject, and give a clear reply within 7 working days to the complainant and to the GRM designated staff at the subproject with the suggested solution. The subproject PIU shall implement the redress solution and convey the outcome to the PMO within 7 working days.

43. Stage 3: Stakeholder Meeting. If no solution is identified or if the complainant is not satisfied with the suggested solution under Step 2, the subproject PCU will organize, within 7 days, a multi-stakeholder meeting where all relevant stakeholders, including the complainant,the GRM designated staff at the subproject or other representative(s), the GRM designated staff of PMO, and local EPB will be invited. The meeting will aim to find in a solution acceptable to all parties, and identify responsibilities and an action plan. The subproject PIU will implement the agreed-upon redress solution and convey the outcome to the PMO within 7 working days.

44. Stage 4: Special consultation. If the multi-stakeholder hearing process under Step 3 cannot resolve the complaint successful, PMO in consultation with the PIU, the relevant EPBs, and ADB, will review the situation and attempt to develop an alternative approach to resolve the complaint within 7 working days.

45. Step 5: Large Scale Stakeholder Meeting. If the complainant is not satisfied with the suggested solution under Step 4, the subproject PIU, PMO, relevant EPBs, and other local government authorities, shall organize another multi-stakeholder hearing process within 10 days and shall find a solution acceptable to all parties. Based on the agreement, an action plan shall be developed and implemented by the subproject PIU within the agreed timeframe.

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Figure EMP-1: Flow chart of Proposed GRM

Affected person (AP)

Redressed All GRM designated staff at subproject Within grievance will be recorded and documented and reported to ADB regularly to ADB reported and documented and recorded be will grievance city/county PIU 7 Days

Not redressed

Designated GRM staff at provincial Redressed PMO assess the issue and respond to Within AP with solution in conjunction with 7 Days the subproject PIU

Not redressed

Designated GRM staff at subproject Redressed PIU organizes a multi-stakeholder Within meeting (provincial PMO and local 7 Days EPB participate)

Not redressed Inf o r m A D B

Redressed Provincial PMO consults with APs, subproject, local EPB, and ADB to Within find alternative approach to resolve 7 Days the issue

Not redressed Redressed Subproject PMO organizes larger scale multi-stakeholder meeting with Within provincial PMO, local EPB, and local

10 Days government, APs, and ADB to find solutions acceptable to all.

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L. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

46. Based on site inspections and monitoring reports, including internal and external environmental monitoring reports, the PMO with the assistance from the LIEC will decide whether (i) EMP is adequate and effective and further mitigation measures are required as corrective actions, or (ii) some improvements are required for environmental management practices.

47. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated by a feedback reporting system. Adjustment to the EMP will be made, if necessary. The PMO will play a critical role in the feedback and adjustment mechanism with the support from the LIEC.

48. The need to update and adjust the EMP will be reviewed when there are design changes, changes in construction methods and program, negative environmental monitoring results or inappropriate monitoring locations, and ineffective or inadequate mitigation measures. Based on environmental monitoring and reporting systems in place, the PMO with the support of the LIEC will assess whether further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or improvement in environmental management practices are required. The PMO will inform ADB promptly on any changes to the project and needed adjustments to the EMP. The updated EMP will be submitted to ADB for review and approval, and will be disclosed on the ADB project website.