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2019 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution, which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, states that citizens have freedom of religious belief but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” and does not define “normal.” Despite Chairman Xi Jinping’s decree that all members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) must be “unyielding Marxist atheists,” the government continued to exercise control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions – Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to the five state- sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. There were several reports of individuals committing suicide in detention, or, according to sources, as a result of being threatened and surveilled. In December Pastor Wang Yi was tried in secret and sentenced to nine years in prison by a court in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in connection to his peaceful advocacy for religious freedom. -
The Urban Flood Control Project in the Mountainous Area in Hunan Province Loaned by the Asian Development Bank
The Urban Flood Control Project in the Mountainous Area in Hunan Province Loaned by the Asian Development Bank The External Resettlement Monitoring & Assessment Report (Lengshuijiang City, Lianyuan City, Shuangfeng County, Shaoyang City, Shaodong County, Longhui County, Jiangyong County, Xintian County, Jianghua County, Qiyang County, Ningyuan County, Chenzhou City, Zhuzhou City, Liling City, Zhuzhou County and Youxian County) No.1, 2008 Total No. 1 Hunan Water & Electricity Consulting Corporation (HWECC) September, 2008 Approved by: Wang Hengyang Reviewed by: Long Xiachu Prepared by: Long Xiachu, Wei Riwen 2 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Project Outline 2.1 Project Outline 2.2 Resettlement Outline 3. Establishment and Operation of Resettlement Organizations 3.1 Organization Arrangement 3.2 Organization Operation 4. Project Implementation Progress 4.1 Jiangyong County 4.2 Chenzhou City 5. Resettlement Implementation Progress 5.1 Resettlement Implementation Schedule 5.2 Resettlement Policy and Compensation Standards 5.3 Progress of Land Acquisition 5.4 Progress of Resettlement Arrangement 5.5 Removal Progress of Enterprises and Institutions 5.6 Progress of Resettlement Area Construction 5.7 Arrival and Payment of the Resettlement Fund 6. Psychology and Complaint of the Resettled People 6.1 Complaint Channel 6.2 Complaint Procedures 7. Public Participation, Consultation and Information Publicizing 7.1 Jiangyong County 7.2 Chenzhou City 8. Existed Problems and Suggestions 3 1. Introduction The Urban Flood Control Project in the Mountainous -
Reform in Deep Water Zone: How Could China Reform Its State- Dominated Sectors at Commanding Heights
Reform in Deep Water Zone: How Could China Reform Its State- Dominated Sectors at Commanding Heights Yingqi Tan July 2020 M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series | No. 153 The views expressed in the M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business & Government or of Harvard University. The papers in this series have not undergone formal review and approval; they are presented to elicit feedback and to encourage debate on important public policy challenges. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business & Government Weil Hall | Harvard Kennedy School | www.hks.harvard.edu/mrcbg 1 REFORM IN DEEP WATER ZONE: HOW COULD CHINA REFORM ITS STATE-DOMINATED SECTORS AT COMMANDING HEIGHTS MAY 2020 Yingqi Tan MPP Class of 2020 | Harvard Kennedy School MBA Class of 2020 | Harvard Business School J.D. Candidate Class of 2023 | Harvard Law School RERORM IN DEEP WATER ZONE: HOW COULD CHINA REFORM ITS STATE-DOMINATED SECTORS AT COMMANDING HEIGHTS 2 Contents Table of Contents Contents .................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................ 7 Abbreviations ......................................................................................... 8 Introduction ......................................................................................... -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
Cui Chenzhou, Zhao Yongheng, CAO Zihuang, Kubánek Petr
Curriculum Vitae Chenzhou CUI National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100012, China Tel: 86-10-64872500 Fax: 86-10-64878240 Email: [email protected] http://www.lamost.org/~cb/ Personal Information: Gender: Male Date of Birth: January 27, 1976 (Chinese Lunar Calendar) Family Status: Married, one child Nationality: P. R. of China Current Position: Chief Information Officer, Professor, NAOC, 2006.1- Education: Ph.D. in Astrophysics, NAOC, Beijing, 2003.6 Concentrations: Virtual Observatory, Grid Technology, Web Services, Scientific Databases Thesis: System Design of Chinese Virtual Observatory Advisor: Prof. Yongheng ZHAO M.Sc. in Astrophysics, Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Beijing, 2000.6 Concentrations: Astronmical Databasese, Galactic Abundances Thesis: Setup of SAGE Astronomical Database and Statistical Analyses of Galactic Abundances Advisor: Prof. Gang ZHAO B.S.E. in Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 1997.6 Research Interests: Astro-Informatics, Virtual Observatory, Grid Technology, Astronomical Databases, Astronomical Data Center, Data Processing and Analysis, Galactic Structure and Evolution, Stellar Abundance Work Experiences: Professor, NAOC, 2013.2 - Associated Professor, NAOC, 2006.1- 2013.1 Lecturer, NAOC, 2003.6-2005.12 Visiting Experiences: Visiting Scientist, Johns Hopkins University, USA, 2007.11.26-2007.12.24 Lecture, International School for Young Astronomers 2007, International Astronomical Union (IAU), Malaysia, -
Distributor Settlement Agreement
DISTRIBUTORS’ 7.30.21 EXHIBIT UPDATES DISTRIBUTOR SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT DISTRIBUTORS’ 7.30.21 EXHIBIT UPDATES Table of Contents Page I. Definitions............................................................................................................................1 II. Participation by States and Condition to Preliminary Agreement .....................................13 III. Injunctive Relief .................................................................................................................13 IV. Settlement Payments ..........................................................................................................13 V. Allocation and Use of Settlement Payments ......................................................................28 VI. Enforcement .......................................................................................................................34 VII. Participation by Subdivisions ............................................................................................40 VIII. Condition to Effectiveness of Agreement and Filing of Consent Judgment .....................42 IX. Additional Restitution ........................................................................................................44 X. Plaintiffs’ Attorneys’ Fees and Costs ................................................................................44 XI. Release ...............................................................................................................................44 XII. Later Litigating -
Copyright by James Joshua Hudson 2015
Copyright by James Joshua Hudson 2015 The Dissertation Committee for James Joshua Hudson Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: River Sands/Urban Spaces: Changsha in Modern Chinese History Committee: Huaiyin Li, Supervisor Mark Metzler Mary Neuburger David Sena William Hurst River Sands/Urban Spaces: Changsha in Modern Chinese History by James Joshua Hudson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2015 Dedication For my good friend Hou Xiaohua River Sands/Urban Spaces: Changsha in Modern Chinese History James Joshua Hudson, PhD. The University of Texas at Austin, 2015 Supervisor: Huaiyin Li This work is a modern history of Changsha, the capital city of Hunan province, from the late nineteenth to mid twentieth centuries. The story begins by discussing a battle that occurred in the city during the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), a civil war that erupted in China during the mid nineteenth century. The events of this battle, but especially its memorialization in local temples in the years following the rebellion, established a local identity of resistance to Christianity and western imperialism. By the 1890’s this culture of resistance contributed to a series of riots that erupted in south China, related to the distribution of anti-Christian tracts and placards from publishing houses in Changsha. During these years a local gentry named Ye Dehui (1864-1927) emerged as a prominent businessman, grain merchant, and community leader. -
Mao's War on Women
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 8-2019 Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 Al D. Roberts Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Al D., "Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976" (2019). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7530. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7530 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAO’S WAR ON WOMEN: THE PERPETUATION OF GENDER HIERARCHIES THROUGH YIN-YANG COSMOLOGY IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA OF THE MAO ERA, 1949-1976 by Al D. Roberts A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Clayton Brown, Ph.D. Julia Gossard, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Li Guo, Ph.D. Dominic Sur, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member _______________________________________ Richard S. Inouye, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2019 ii Copyright © Al D. Roberts 2019 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 by Al D. -
2—Identified Global Consumers of Tin Concentrates (Refineries and Smelters)
November 2020 1 of 12 2—Identified global consumers of tin concentrates (refineries and smelters) Explanation: This list contains global facilities known to be able to process tin concentrate. Additional small-scale smelters may be in operation in Indonesia, but their status could not be confirmed. Facilities were thought to be active unless otherwise noted. Data records are sorted by country and then alphabetically by owner. FACILITY TYPE AND STATUS COUNTRY LOCATION OPERATOR / OWNERSHIP (IF APPLICABLE) Australia Smelter (on care and maintenance since 2012) Greenbushes, Western Australia Global Advanced Metals Pty Ltd. Belgium Smelter Beerse, Antwerp Aurubis AG Huajara Industrial Park, Oruro, Oruro Bolivia Smelter Operaciones Metalúrgicas S.A. (OMSA) Department Vinto smelting complex, Vinto, Oruro Empresa Metalúrgica Vinto S.A. (Compania Bolivia Smelter Department Minera Colquira S.A.) Coopersanta, Bom Futuro, Ariquemes, Cooperativa de Garimperiros de Santa Cruz Brazil Smelter Rondônia Ltda. [Meridian Mineração Jaburi S.A.] Estanho de Rondônia S.A. [Companhia Brazil Smelter Ariquemes, Rondônia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN)] Brazil Smelter São João del Rei, Minas Gerais Magnu's Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda. November 2020 2 of 12 2—Identified global consumers of tin concentrates (refineries and smelters) Explanation: This list contains global facilities known to be able to process tin concentrate. Additional small-scale smelters may be in operation in Indonesia, but their status could not be confirmed. Facilities were thought to be active unless otherwise noted. Data records are sorted by country and then alphabetically by owner. FACILITY TYPE AND STATUS COUNTRY LOCATION OPERATOR / OWNERSHIP (IF APPLICABLE) Brazil Smelter Ariquemes, Rondônia Melt Metais e Ligas S.A. -
Spike-Specific Circulating T Follicular Helper Cell and Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19-Convalescent Individuals
LETTERS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-00824-5 Spike-specific circulating T follicular helper cell and cross-neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19-convalescent individuals Jian Zhang 1,15, Qian Wu1,15, Ziyan Liu1,15, Qijie Wang2,15, Jiajing Wu3,4,15, Yabin Hu1,15, Tingting Bai5, Ting Xie2, Mincheng Huang2, Tiantian Wu6, Danhong Peng2, Weijin Huang 3, Kun Jin1, Ling Niu1, Wangyuan Guo1, Dixian Luo1, Dongzhu Lei1, Zhijian Wu1, Guicheng Li1, Renbin Huang1, Yingbiao Lin1, Xiangping Xie2, Shuangyan He2, Yunfan Deng7, Jianghua Liu8, Weilang Li9, Zhongyi Lu10, Haifu Chen11, Ting Zeng2, Qingting Luo12, Yi-Ping Li 6 ✉ , Youchun Wang 3 ✉ , Wenpei Liu 1,5,13 ✉ and Xiaowang Qu 1,14 ✉ Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infec- individuals and facilitate the treatment and vaccine develop- tion with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (SARS-CoV-2)1–3 and individuals with COVID-19 have symp- To investigate the antibody response after recovery from coro- toms that can be asymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe4,5. In navirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 67 convalescent individuals the early phase of infection, T- and B-cell counts are substan- were recruited for this study, and blood was drawn on day 28 after tially decreased6,7; however, IgM8–11 and IgG12–14 are detectable discharge. The baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory find- within 14 d after symptom onset. In COVID-19-convalescent ings on admission were retrospectively analysed (Extended Data individuals, spike-specific neutralizing antibodies are vari- Figs. 1 and 2). The binding and avidity of an antibody to a specific able3,15,16. -
Distributor Settlement Agreement
DISTRIBUTOR SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT Table of Contents Page I. Definitions............................................................................................................................1 II. Participation by States and Condition to Preliminary Agreement .....................................13 III. Injunctive Relief .................................................................................................................13 IV. Settlement Payments ..........................................................................................................13 V. Allocation and Use of Settlement Payments ......................................................................28 VI. Enforcement .......................................................................................................................34 VII. Participation by Subdivisions ............................................................................................40 VIII. Condition to Effectiveness of Agreement and Filing of Consent Judgment .....................42 IX. Additional Restitution ........................................................................................................44 X. Plaintiffs’ Attorneys’ Fees and Costs ................................................................................44 XI. Release ...............................................................................................................................44 XII. Later Litigating Subdivisions .............................................................................................49 -
China COI Compilation-March 2014
China COI Compilation March 2014 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation China COI Compilation March 2014 This COI compilation does not cover the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, nor does it cover Taiwan. The decision to exclude Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan was made on the basis of practical considerations; no inferences should be drawn from this decision regarding the status of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications.