Draft Fine Arts - Visual Arts Kindergarten to Grade 6 Curriculum

Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2

Organizing Idea Foundational Elements and Principles: Visual arts literacy is developed through knowledge and application of foundational elements and principles.

Guiding Question How does line contribute to artworks? How are line and shape interrelated? What is the role of line and shape in artworks?

Learning Outcome Children investigate how line is applied in artworks. Students connect line and shape as elements of art. Students examine how line and shape can communicate meaning in artworks.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

A variety of tools, Line is created from a Recognize that when Line can be combined Line is an element of Describe the direction Emphasis (principle of Location of a line in Use visual arts materials, and media moving point. a line is enclosed, it with other elements art. and physical design) can lead the artworks affects how vocabulary to describe can be used to create creates a shape. of art, including characteristics of line eye to a focal point in it is perceived. how the direction of a lines. shape, space, value, Line is created from a in artworks. artworks. line can lead the eye Describe the physical colour, and texture. moving point. or indicate a sense of When a line is characteristics and Explore how lines can A line can be sloping. depth or distance in enclosed, it creates a direction of line used A variety of tools and When line is enclosed, depict movement in artworks. shape, as seen in in artworks. materials can be used it creates a shape in artworks. A line can emerge various artworks; to create numerous artworks. when there is contrast Create linear or one- examples can include Reproduce lines using combinations of lines. Use lines to divide a between other lines, point perspectives in a variety of methods, picture plane. shapes, or colours, as artworks. • Henri Matisse, materials, tools, and A picture plane seen in Icarus, c. 1947 media. includes the sections Reproduce lines using Incorporate a focal • Norval Morrisseau, of an artwork, a variety of methods, • Jacob Lawrence, point in artworks. Shaman and Enhance lines by including top, bottom, materials, tools, and Parade, c. 1960 Disciples, 1979 adding colours. right, and left. media. • Leonardo da Vinci, Explore how lines can Mona Lisa, c. 1503 be used to create • Norval Morrisseau, Horizontal line can be Demonstrate an shading, texture, or The Gathering, n.d. used to divide a understanding of line Direction of a line in other effects in • Norval Morrisseau, picture plane into directions. artworks, including artworks. Thunderbird, n.d. interesting and varied where and how it proportions of sky moves, can indicate a Colour can be applied and ground, as seen in sense of depth or to line. landscape paintings or distance. drawings. Lines have directions, Linear perspective including side to side Enclosed lines that can create an illusion (horizontal), up and create shapes in of space, depending down (vertical), and artworks can be seen on where lines corner to corner in appear. (diagonal). • Location of a line in Lines can be seen in • Henri Matisse, an artwork can architecture; Icarus, c. 1947 enhance or diminish examples can include • Ivan Shishkin, Oak its visual weight Grove, 1887 depending on where • Himeji Castle, also it is in the picture known as White • Prudence Heward, plane. Heron Castle, in Rollande, 1929 Japan One-point Colour

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can be applied to line. perspective contains • Stonehenge, Stone vertical or horizontal Circle, in England, Lines have directions, lines that recede to a 1100 BCE including side to side vanishing point on the • The Guggenheim (horizontal), up and horizon, as seen in Museum, in New down (vertical), and drawings of railroad York, New York corner to corner tracks or roads that (diagonal). appear to vanish in Line has physical the distance. characteristics, Direction of line can including be seen in artworks Lines can create and can include various effects when • short or long combined, including • sculpture: three-dimensional • thick or thin – John Mawurndjul, forms. • straight or curved Mardayin Ceremony, 2000 Cross-hatching is a • dotted or dashed – Songye, Mask technique that can • zigzag (kifwebe), c. 19th create shading and • blurred or crisp century CE textured effects when – Terracotta krater parallel lines are Line can be repeated c. 750–735 BCE layered at right angles to create patterns or • architecture: to each other. decorations. – Himeji Castle, also known as Physical White Heron Castle, characteristics of a in Japan line can be seen in – The Guggenheim various artworks; Museum, in New examples can include York, New York • Henri Matisse, Line has physical Purple Robe and characteristics, Anemones, c. 1937 including • Joan Miró, People and Dog in the Sun, • short or long c. 1949 • thick or thin • Prudence Heward, • straight or curved Farmer’s Daughter, 1945

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• dotted or dashed • zigzag • blurred or crisp Line can be repeated to create patterns or decorations. Physical characteristics of line can show movement, as seen in • Diego Rivera, The History of Medicine in Mexico, c. 1953 • Emily Carr, A Rushing Sea of Undergrowth, 1935 • Lance Cardinal, Love of Nations, c. 2019 • Natalia Goncharova, The Cyclist, c. 1913 • Utagawa Hiroshige, Naruto Whirlpool, c. 1853

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Line can be explicit or Line can be seen Identify lines in Line can be explicit or Line indicates an edge Identify contour lines Physical Line can communicate Interpret what implied. everywhere. artworks and in the implied. that is known as a in artworks. characteristics of line meaning in the way message lines can surrounding contour. can convey emotion that it is applied in communicate in A line can be seen in environment. A line can be seen in Explore how contour or character: artworks. artworks. artworks when two artworks when two lines can be applied to different colours or Create artworks with different colours or artworks. • Blurred lines may Employ line as a way shapes meet (implied). non-representational shapes meet (implied). convey to communicate use of line. uncertainty. meaning in artworks. A line can be A line can be • Jagged lines may purposely added to an purposely added to an convey anger. Experiment with lines artwork (explicit). artwork (explicit). and shapes to draw a • Bouncy or curvy variety of subject Use of explicit lines in A contour line defines lines may convey matter from direct artworks can be seen the outer boundaries joyfulness. observation. in of or space around an object, as seen in Artworks that • Doris McCarthy, Salvador Dali, The emphasize physical Coming Storm, Persistence of Memory, characteristics of line Ireland, c. 1999 1931. can include • Henri Matisse, The • A. Y. Jackson, Swan, c. 1932 A contour line can be perceived when two Winter Morning, • Katsushika contrasting colours Charlevoix County, Hokusai, Tuning the meet in a 1933 Samisen, c. 1800 composition, as seen • Emily Carr, Self- in Portrait, 1938 When line is non- representational, it • Marc Chagall, I and • Julie Mehretu, will not capture the the Village, c. 1911 Refuge, 2007 likeness of an object. • Grant Wood, • Vincent van Gogh, Parson Weems’ The Starry Night, c. Non-representational 1889 use of line in artworks Fable, c. 1939 can be seen in Direction of a line can convey a message, • Alex Janvier, including the Lubicon, c. 1988 following: • Jean Paul Riopelle, Untitled (Verso), • A horizontal line Brush, pen and may imply serenity black and coloured or stability. ink on wove paper, c. 1946

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• Torkwase Dyson, • A diagonal line Looking for the may imply People (Water Table agitation, motion, Ocular #3), 2017 or instability. • A vertical line may imply poise or aspiration. Lines can be used to represent subject matter as realistically as possible, as seen in • Leonardo da Vinci, Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk, 1512 • Rembrandt van Rijn, Cottages before a Stormy Sky, c. 1641 • Rembrandt van Rijn, Self Portrait, Wide-Eyed, 1630 • The Qingming Scroll, c. 1100 A mural is a painting on a wall; examples can include • Diego Rivera, The History of Medicine in Mexico, c. 1953 • Lance Cardinal, Love of Nations, c. 2019

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Emphasis (principle of Lines can create Experiment with the Shape is an enclosed Shape can be implied Describe how shapes design) can be used to emphasis in artworks. amount of pressure space that stands out when it is not defined can appear to be create a focal point in needed to adjust the from its surroundings. by an outline. stable or moving. artworks. weight of a line when using a variety of Shape can create Illustrate positive and Emphasis can make a tools and media. space in artworks, negative use of shape line stand out in an including and space. artwork, as seen in Use visual arts vocabulary when • positive—referring Experiment with how • Jonathan Borofsky, describing the weight to the shape itself shape can emerge Walking to the Sky, of a line. • negative— because of contrast c. 2004 referring to the with other shapes, • Paula Rego, The Create artworks with space surrounding lines, values, textures, Dance, 1988 a defined focal point the shape and colours. or emphasis. Line can be described The use of positive as having weight, as and negative space in seen in artworks can be seen in • Maxine Noel, Spirit of the Woodlands, • Alexander Calder, n.d. Lobster Trap and • Pieter Bruegel, The Fish Tail, c. 1939 Hunters in the • André Kertész, Self- Snow, c. 1565 Portrait, c. 1926 • Rembrandt van • Kenojuak Ashevak, Rijn, A Woman and Enchanted Owl, Child Descending a 1960 Staircase, c. 1625– • Seed Jar, Anasazi 1636 culture, c. 1150 The amount of The same shape can pressure applied while appear to be either creating lines impacts stable (static) or the weight of the moving (dynamic) lines. depending on how it is arranged within Weight can be applied artworks; examples to can

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physical include characteristics of line and can be described • static: as – David Smith, Cubi IX, c. 1961 • thick or wide • dynamic: • thin or fine – Albert Gleizes, • light or dark Brooklyn Bridge, 1915 – Bridget Riley, Amnesia, c. 1964 – Christi Belcourt, The Conversation, 2002 Architecture in various parts of the world can depict shape, as seen in • Basilica de la Sagrada Familia by Antoni Gaudi, under construction since 1882 • Great Stupa at Sanchi, India,built in the 3rd century BCE • The Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya, built in the 7th and 8th century CE

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Line is expressive Line represents and View various abstract A two-dimensional Shape can be two- Differentiate between when physical communicates ideas, and realistic artworks shape can be changed dimensional or three- two- and three- characteristics are feelings, and to discuss the use of into a three- dimensional. dimensional shapes. applied, as seen in thoughts. line. dimensional shape known as a form. Identify how lines and • Explore how line can shading can be added • Julie Mehretu, be applied in abstract A two-dimensional to two-dimensional Empirical artworks. shape can be given a shapes to create a Construction, three-dimensional three-dimensional Istanbul, 2003 appearance by adding form. lines and shading to • Lee Krasner, give the illusion of Gothic Landscape, mass or volume. 1961 • Vincent van Gogh, Sculpture and The Starry Night, c. architecture use 1889 shapes in a three- dimensional context, Line can be used as seen in explicitly to represent subject matter in a • sculpture: simplified, abstract, or – Beau Dick, distorted way. Moogums, 1985 – Edgar Degas, Abstract Little Fourteen- representations do Year-Old Dancer, c. not attempt to 1880 represent reality. – Female Pwo Mask, Chokwe Abstract art uses peoples, early 20th lines, shapes, and century colours in numerous – Flying Horse of combinations to Gansu, from create an effect. Wuwei, China • architecture: Explicit use of line in – Baitun Nur artworks can be seen Mosque, Naseer in Ahmad, Calgary, Alberta • – Habitat 67, • Juan Gris, Moshe Safdie, Harlequin with a Montreal, Quebec Guitar, c. 1917 – Montreal Biosphere, Richard Buckminster Fuller

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• Lawren Harris, Pic Island, c. 1924

Value can increase or Line has value. Use visual arts Variation (principle of Shapes can be Analyze how complex decrease in lightness vocabulary to design) can be combined to create shapes can be broken or darkness Value describes how describe value of line achieved by new shapes or more down into basic (gradation). light or dark a line can in artworks. combining shapes complex shapes. shapes. be. with other elements Lines can create Experiment with of art, as seen in Experiment with ways shading and texture, gradation in artworks. to use basic and as seen in • complex shapes in Explore ways that • Sandra Brewster, artworks. • Albrecht Dürer, lines can be used to From Life 3, 2015 Young Hare, c. achieve shading or Observe and discuss 1502 texture in art. • Wassily Kandinsky, how variation with Squares with • Käthe Kollwitz, lines, shapes, or Concentric Circles, colours can appear in Frontal Self- c. 1913 Portrait, 1922– artworks. 1923 Basic and complex • Nlaka'pamux use of shapes in Basket-making artworks can be seen • Rembrandt van in Rijn, An Elephant, 1637, 1637 • • Antoni Gaudi, El Hatching is a Drac, c. 1900– technique that can 1914 create shading and • Laurena Fineus, Ici texture, including repose, 2019 drawing fine, parallel lines close together • Marc Chagall, I and in the same and the Village, c. direction. 1911 • Okon Akpan Abuje, Afaha clan, Anang artist, Funerary shrine cloth, c. late 1970s Basic shapes can be turned into new or complex

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shapes by • adjusting the size • adjusting the contour • overlapping them • connecting multiple shapes to create one shape • covering parts of a shape with another

The boundaries or The boundary of a Identify shapes that Shape can create the Shapes can convey Discuss how shapes contour of a shape shape can be referred have hard and soft illusion of depth and meaning in the way are used within can have hard or soft to as an outline, an edges. distance through they are organized artworks to convey a edges, as seen in edge, or a contour. techniques such as within artworks. message. various artworks; Explore how to create layering, overlapping, examples can include a hard and soft edge and changes in size. Experiment with how in artworks. to achieve • Alex Janvier, Shapes can be used to symmetrical and Lubicon, c. 1988 represent subject asymmetrical balance • John James matter as realistically in artworks. Audubon, Tropic as possible, as seen in Bird, c. 1827–1838 still-life paintings; Experiment with how examples can include shapes can be used to • Maxine Noel, Not show depth and Forgotten, n.d. • distance. Soft edges make it • Paul Cézanne, difficult to identify Apples and where one shape Oranges, c. 1899 ends and the next • Willem van Aelst, begins. Still Life with Flowers, c. 1665 Soft edges can give a general sense of a Shapes and lines can shape. be organized to achieve symmetrical Hard edges identify balance in artworks where one shape and architecture, as ends and another seen in begins. • Alberta Legislature Building, Allan Merrick Jeffers and Richard Blakey,Edmonton, Alberta • American 19th Century, Cutout of Animals, second quarter 19th century

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• The Ardabil Carpet, 1539–1540 Asymmetrical balance is seen in artworks where each half of the work looks different but still has visual balance, as seen in • Daphne Odjig, Tribute to the Great Chiefs of the Past, 1975 • Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, c. 1784 • Ruben Komangapik, Light is Life, 2002

When shapes are Shape can have value, Explore various ways combined or layered texture, and colour. to represent shapes in they can create artworks. texture in artworks. View artworks as a Shapes can be created way to discuss how using various media artists apply value, and methods, texture, and colour to including shapes. • cutting • ripping • drawing • sculpting • painting • digital media Shapes can be used to create pattern and repetition in artworks.

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Shapes can be Shapes can come in Identify basic shapes classified as various sizes and can by name. geometric or organic. be found everywhere. Observe the effect Basic shapes are that combining known as geometric various kinds of shapes that have shapes can have on uniform an artwork. measurements and form, including Identify geometric and organic shapes in • circles the environment and • squares in artworks. • triangles Represent everyday • rectangles items with shapes. A geometric shape Differentiate between can be made of lines open and closed that curve, lines that shapes. are straight, or a combination of the two. Geometric shapes can be found in nature, including • spiral shells • honeycombs • snowflakes Organic shapes suggest living organisms or natural forces found in nature, including • rocks

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• trees • clouds • animals • plants Shapes can be used individually or combined in artworks, as seen in • Edward Steichen, Le Tournesol (The Sunflower), c. 1920 • Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Spring, 1563 • Henri Matisse, L’Escargot (The Snail), c. 1953 • Joan Miró, The Harlequin’s Carnival, c. 1925 • Tim Pitsiulak, Untitled (Bowhead Whale) Shapes can represent many things, including animals, buildings, and people. Shapes can be open or closed. Closed shapes are formed when lines are connected

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and spaces become enclosed.

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Organizing Idea Creating and Presenting: Ideas can be represented through artworks that draw upon foundational visual arts knowledge.

Guiding Question How can an artist create ideas in and through visual arts? How can ideas be expressed in and through visual arts? How can messages be represented visually?

Students experiment with how messages can be communicated in and Learning Outcome Children explore and represent ideas in and through visual arts. Students construct an idea visually using the elements of art. through visual arts.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

An idea in visual arts Communicating an Create patterns or Exploration of various An artistic idea is Create artworks Artists communicate A message can be Present a title and can be created and idea in visual arts decorations as a way media, tools, and expressed through based on a variety of messages about their communicated description for an presented individually involves creating and to detail artworks. materials can reveal the elements of visual inspirations. artworks through through spoken and artwork that or as a group. presenting. artistic ideas. arts. written language. incorporates visual Experiment with a Experiment with • writing about art arts vocabulary. An idea in visual arts An idea in visual arts variety of materials, Media in art can An artist is an artistic choices when • titles can begin with a can communicate tools, and media to include individual who can representing ideas Share interpretations scribble stage or mark feelings and represent an idea in create, appreciate, through visual art. • talking about art of artworks with making, using physical preferences. artworks. • drawing and present artistic • using visual art others. characteristics and • painting ideas. Detail artworks using vocabulary direction of line. Combine line, shape, patterns and and colour to express • sculpture repetition. Mark making can ideas in artworks. • fabric arts include Explore a variety of • printmaking tools, media, and • scribbling • photography materials, including • doodling • digital arts strings, wires, or tubes, when • sketching Organic and incorporating lines in artworks. Exploration of various geometric shapes can be created using a media, tools, and Create two- and materials can reveal variety of tools, media, and materials. three-dimensional artistic ideas. artworks using found materials. Media in art can Two- and three- include dimensional shapes (forms) can be used to Use a variety of media to create a landscape. • drawing communicate an idea. • painting Repetition of line, • sculpture shape, and colour can create patterns in • fabric arts artworks. • printmaking • photography Inspiration for an idea in visual arts can • digital arts come from Colour can be applied • other artists and to artworks

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line to communicate an idea. • stories • imagination Abstract art can use lines, shapes, and • the environment colours to express an • music idea that does not have to be realistic, as seen in • Helen Frankenthaler, Mountains and Sea, c. 1952 • Jackson Pollock, Full Fathom Five, c. 1947 • Karoo Ashevak, Figure, 1974 (whalebone and black stone) • Wassily Kandinsky, Untitled, c. 1920

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Inspiration for an idea An artistic idea in Observe lines in the Artistic ideas can An artistic idea can Collaborate with The elements of art Non-verbal Investigate how lines in visual arts can visual arts can be surrounding express feelings, come from others when can communicate a communication of a and shapes can form come from unique, shared, or environment as an interests, and brainstorming and generating and message in artworks, message in visual arts symbols that borrowed. inspiration for preferences. collaboration. representing an idea including can be shared in a communicate a • other artists and creating and talking through visual arts. variety of ways. message. artworks An artistic idea can be about art. Collaboration can • the use of colour • stories developed through foster a safe learning Brainstorm ideas for • varying the A message conveyed Make artistic choices interacting with one Share inspiration for environment in visual creating titles for through visual arts to shape the • imagination physical another in visual arts. visual arts ideas. arts through listening artworks. characteristics of can carry a variety of development of a • the environment to others’ ideas and line emotions and message in visual arts. Create artworks in making decisions. Participate as an artist experiences. Feedback and ideas response to a variety and as an audience • adjusting value Apply principles of that are shared and of stimuli. An artistic idea can be member in a variety of • adding shapes design to artworks. discussed can give communicated by visual arts Talk about artworks giving the artwork a experiences. • adjusting contour Explore how to other artists of line and shape inspiration for ideas. using visual arts title and presenting represent mood or vocabulary. the artwork to an Follow expectations • organization of emotion in artworks. Responding to audience. or rules when line, shape, and artworks can require Practise sharing and participating as an colour the use of visual arts accepting ideas from Participating as an artist or audience • adding texture vocabulary related to others. audience member or member. the elements of art. artist includes Balance, variety, and Participate as an artist expectations or rules Collaborate to create contrast (principles of Ideas that are shared and audience member (artistic protocols and criteria that helps design) can help guide within a safe learning in a variety of visual etiquette) determine when an how a message is environment can arts experiences. artwork is finished. communicated within foster collaboration artworks. and cooperation. Follow expectations or rules when The mood or emotion Participating as an participating as an conveyed in an audience member or a artist or audience artwork can be visual artist can member. influenced by include expectations or rules (artistic • personal protocols and experiences etiquette). • events • memories • culture

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• the use of the elements of art The physical characteristics of line can be used to represent subject matter realistically. Artists can choose a specific type of media to communicate how a message is revealed in artworks. Cultures can communicate a message through the use of • ideograms • pictorial symbols • objects • sounds • letters • numbers • musical notation

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Developing an idea Developing an idea Identify ways to solve A message in visual The sharing of a Participate as an artist can involve practising through visual arts visual arts problems arts can be generated, message involves the and audience member or repeating a skill, or takes practice. or challenges. sent, received, and artist and the in various art using tools, media, interpreted. audience. experiences. and methods in new Ideas that are shared Practise sharing and ways. and discussed can accepting ideas from Presentations of Audience members Share artworks with give artists inspiration one another when artworks can be done can have various others. Problems or for new ideas. creating artworks. through informal feelings about challenges related to events, such as artworks. Demonstrate an artistic expression can Create art as a means sharing in an art class, understanding of be solved by asking to practise and learn or formal events, artistic protocols and for help. new skills. including art shows or etiquette within art galleries. various visual arts experiences. An artwork can reflect an artist’s style, which Create artworks that may reflect personal express personal preferences related to preferences. creating art. Empathy and perspectives can be gained through creating, viewing, and talking about art. Expectations for participating in visual arts, known as artistic protocols and etiquette, can change depending on the context of the experience.

Creative processes Development of a Apply creative can include message in visual arts processes when can involve creative creating artworks. • generating an idea processes. • giving and Add finishing touches receiving feedback Messages can be to an artwork. clearly communicated • experimentation when elements of art • practice are combined with purpose. • reflection Problems related to Generating an idea in creating art can be visual arts may solved by asking for involve creative feedback and by thinking and problem practising. solving. Artists may step back to view their artwork and discuss it with others before considering it to be finished.

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Appreciation: Recognizing beauty, goodness, and truth in visual arts can be developed by understanding the complexity and richness of great artworks, the artists who create them, and the historical and cultural contexts from which they Organizing Idea originate.

What function did visual arts serve in ancient China, ancient Egypt, and How might cultures from the past and present contribute to an appreciation Guiding Question What is the function of visual arts in local communities? prehistoric times? of visual arts?

Students investigate culture in relation to artworks from ancient Greece and Students investigate the function of visual arts in ancient times and present present day. Learning Outcome Children examine the function of visual arts in the lives of individuals. day. Students examine culture through First Nations, Métis, and Inuit artworks.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

The function of visual Visual arts take place Share personal From ancient times to Visual arts can have a Share personal Experiences in visual Culture is what Identify how culture arts common to many in communities for a experience with visual present, artworks specific function in a experiences with arts can include people do, and is a may be communicated communities can variety of purposes. arts. communicate ways of community. visual arts. learning about way of thinking. through various types include expression of life, including artworks from the of artworks. The purpose of art Explore a variety of Explore a variety of past and the people Artworks from various • spiritual and can be to represent artworks from local • culture artworks from local who created them. times and places can Examine ancient religious beliefs real or imagined ideas. communities. • enjoyment communities. be representative of a Greek artworks and • culture Individual culture. architecture as an • celebrations Illustrate personal components of an inspiration for talking • enjoyment • entertainment experiences through artwork can about and creating • celebrations artworks. communicate culture, art. including the use of • entertainment colour, line, shapes, Discuss the use of and media. symmetry in ancient The function of Greek architecture. artworks can be to Ancient Greeks invent new ways of valued pottery as a expressing oneself. form of art and made vases that were The function of visual admired for their arts can be to express beauty and function. personal preferences and creativity through In ancient Greece, vases were commonly • the clothing painted black and red people wear using a feather or • preparation and animal tail for a brush. presentation of food In ancient Greece, • gardening, artists had their own including Japanese style for painting gardens vases that usually included • geometric shapes • pictures of humans and animals • family life

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• stories Ancient Greeks introduced the technique of adding wrinkles in cloth to paintings. Ancient Greeks made very realistic sculptures of people from marble and bronze, as seen in • Nike, 490 BCE • Winged Victory of Samothrace, 190 BCE Ancient Greek architecture was inspired by the ancient Egyptians, as seen in • Palace of Knossos • The Lion Gate of the Palace of Agamemnon • Athenian Acropolis • The Agora The Parthenon is a temple in Athens that highlights • symmetry

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• length and width • size and spacing of columns • proportions

A function of Ancient societies used View artworks from First Nations, Métis, Culture can be Discuss how culture artworks in ancient artworks for a variety prehistoric times as and Inuit artworks can revealed through First can be communicated Egypt and ancient of functions. an inspiration for reflect aspects of Nations, Métis, and through First Nations, China was to record talking about and culture, including Inuit artworks. Métis, and Inuit messages, including Knowledge about creating art. artworks. people who lived a • history A sense of community • the alphabet long time ago can be Create artworks • relationships and well-being among View artworks by First (hieroglyphics) gained through inspired by ancient participants can be Nations, Métis, and written on murals artworks. Egypt and ancient • ways of life established through Inuit artists as an and the walls of China. • traditional First Nations, Métis, inspiration for talking the Great teachings and Inuit artworks. about art. Pyramids • paintings First Nations, Métis, Discuss how creating combined with and Inuit artists often artworks can ancient Chinese use materials from the contribute to personal calligraphy natural world, well-being. including • ancient Chinese symbols for words • bark or phrases (pictographs) • hide • fur Calligraphy was invented by ancient • feathers Chinese scholars. • quills • sinew Kites were invented in ancient China and • bones used by the military as • fish scales a way to send messages and for • berries measuring distances. • iron and copper • roots The function of the kite changed to Traditional First become a popular Nations, Métis, and form of entertainment Inuit art forms can and its design include changed to include silk, bamboo, colour, • beading bells,

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and strings. • fish-scale art Examples of how • ivory and ancient societies soapstone carving documented ways of life can include • wood carving • sculpture • Altamira Cave in Spain, 13 000 BCE • textiles • Bhimbetka • weaving Petroglyphs in India, 290 000 BCE Making art in First Nations, Métis, and • Blombos Cave Rock Inuit communities can Art in South Africa, be holistic in nature 70 000 BCE and have individual • Lascaux Cave and collective Paintings in France, benefits, including 13 000 BCE • social well-being • Newgrange Passage Tomb in Ireland, • physical health 3300 BCE • spiritual • Petroglyphs in connection Writing-on-Stone • emotional and Provincial Park in mental well-being Alberta, Canada, 1050 BCE • intellectual development • Stonehenge, Stone Circle, in England, First Nations, Métis, 1100 BCE and Inuit artworks are • Venus of Hohle Fels often inspired by the in Germany, 33 000 natural world and BCE stories, as seen in Ancient sculpture and • Bill Reid, Killer architecture may have Whale, Chief of the been created to serve Undersea World, c. a religious or spiritual 1984 function,

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as seen in • Elsie Klengenberg, • Great Temple of Going Down River, Amon 1989 • Temple of the • Jason Carter, Play Queen Hatshepsut Grizzly, c. 2009 • The Great Pyramids • The Great Sphinx • The Step Pyramid of Djoser • The Terracotta Army The Great Wall of China is an example of architecture that was built for the purpose of protecting China.

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Organizing Idea Foundational Elements and Principles: Visual arts literacy is developed through knowledge and application of foundational elements and principles.

Guiding Question How can an understanding of colour and texture contribute to artworks? How can colour and texture enhance artworks when combined with other elements of art?

Students analyze colour as an element of art. Learning Outcome Students interpret the role of colour in artworks. Students examine various ways in which texture can be represented in artworks. Students evaluate how texture can contribute to detail within a composition.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

Colour is a visual response to Colour is light that is reflected from Examine how artists use colour in a Colour can be lightened or Colour has the physical property of Explore how to create tints, shades, wavelengths of light. an object. variety of artworks. darkened by creating tints and value. and gradation. shades. Colour can seem to change in value Explore how light can change the When white is added to a colour it Value indicates the lightness or Observe and discuss how artists when light is varied. way colour is perceived. becomes a tint. darkness of a colour. employ value in a variety of artworks. Colour can be detected as part of When black is added to a colour it the visible spectrum, as seen in becomes a shade. Experiment with how to apply rainbows and prisms. Neutral colours include black, grey, monochromatic colour to artworks. white, and brown. Hue is the generic name for a Investigate how colour and value colour and defines the purest state The value of a colour can increase can create contrast in artworks. of a colour within the visible or decrease in lightness or spectrum. darkness, known as gradation. Examine how the illusion of mass Adjusting the value of a colour can or volume can be created by The visible spectrum includes the provide contrast in artworks. adjusting value. colours Value can give the illusion of mass or volume in two-dimensional • red works of art. • orange When colours with different values • yellow or hues are placed next to each • green other in a composition, the illusion of an edge, a shape, or a line can • blue emerge. • indigo A monochromatic colour originates • violet from a single hue and can be developed using shades and tints, The use of light in artworks can be as seen in seen in • Gustav Klimt, Portrait of Adele • Elioth Gruner, Spring Frost, 1919 Bloch-Bauer I, 1907 • James Chapin, Ruby Green • Hendrick van Anthonissen, Singing, c. 1928 Shipping in a Gale, c. 1656 • Johannes Vermeer, The Milkmaid, c. 1660

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Many variations of colours can be Colour is an element of art that is Experiment with colour mixing and Colour can express or represent Colour can impact the viewer’s Describe how the use of warm and created by mixing colours. categorized into application of colour. feelings and create mood. response to an artwork. cool colours contributes to a composition. Colours can complement other • primary colours, including red, Apply colour to create focus Colour can be described as having People have different colour colours. blue, and yellow through the use of contrast or temperature that is preferences. Explore how colour can create • secondary colours, including emphasis in artworks. harmony or contrast in artworks. The proportion of colour used orange, purple, and green • warm, which includes red, when mixing a new colour can Evaluate the use of primary and orange, and yellow Explore the effect in using warm affect the resulting colour. Secondary colours are created by secondary colours in various • cool, which includes blue, and cool colours in artworks. mixing two primary colours. artworks. green, and violet The use of secondary colours in Assess the use of colour in artworks can be seen in Describe how colour can enhance Warm and cool colours in an artworks to represent feelings and the visual effect of an artwork. artwork can have an emotional create mood. • Helen Frankenthaler, Blue effect for a viewer. Atmosphere, c. 1963 Apply various colour combinations Express preferences related to the • Mark Rothko, Red, Orange, Tan in a composition. Examples of warm colours can be use of colour in artworks. and Purple, c. 1954 seen in Experiment with how to create • Paul Gauguin, Tahitian • Ted Harrison, Flying South, 1993 neutral colours by mixing Landscape, c. 1892 complementary colours. • Vincent van Gogh, Sunflowers, c. Colour can be used to create 1888 emphasis, focal points, and contrast, as seen in Diego Rivera, La Examples of cool colours can be Piñata, n.d. seen in • Alex Colville, To Prince Edward Island, 1965 • Katsushika Hokusai, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, c. 1829– 1832 Harmony is a principle of design that can be achieved by combining colours that are pleasing to the eye. Combining colours can create a sense of harmony or contrast in artworks,

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as seen inTom Thomson, The Jack Pine, 1916–1917. Colours can be interpreted to complement another colour, including the colour pairs • yellow–violet • red–green • blue–orange Two complementary colours will create a neutral colour when mixed.

Texture can be created by layering Texture is an element that is Apply texture to two- and three- Pigments used in artworks today Colour is determined by the Investigate where natural pigments or combining line, shape, and present in works of art. dimensional works of art. are typically manufactured. pigments in an object or a material. come from and how they were colour. used in the past. Texture can be used to create Use visual arts vocabulary to Natural pigments come from the Tools, techniques, materials, and visual interest or illusions in describe how texture can be used land and can be found in plants, media can be used and combined artworks. to create an effect in artworks. animals, and minerals, including to create texture. • clay Hatching and cross-hatching can • hematite, an ore of iron in the create texture through the use of colours black, silver, grey, line. brown, or red Paint can be applied either thick or • charcoal thin to create a desired textural effect. Pigments are coloured materials that are typically insoluble in water, Texture can be applied to two- and unless ground into a fine powder three-dimensional works of art as first. seen in Pigments are added to paints to • Justin Gaffrey, Seascapes give them colour. Collection, c. 2018–2020 The colour quality or pigment may • The Ife Head, Yoruba, c. 13th vary within different media. century CE Examples of texture in various artworks can include • Claude Monet, Tulip Field in Holland, c. 1886 • Justin Gaffrey, Seascapes Collection, c. 2018–2020 • Mary Pratt, Red Currant Jelly, c. 1972 • Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait, c. 1889

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Actual texture is how an object Texture has characteristics or Differentiate between actual and Texture can be inviting, by eliciting Texture can create a visual effect Explore how texture can be used to feels when touched. surface qualities that are unique to simulated texture in artworks and a positive response such as that is realistic and creates mood in create a visual effect. an object. the surrounding environment. curiosity, or less inviting, by artworks. Characteristics of texture can be provoking a negative response Describe how the use of texture described using words, including Describe preferences related to such as disgust. Texture can enhance the visual can elicit a response from a viewer. texture viewed in artworks. impact of artworks. • wrinkled or smooth Texture can be applied to artworks Use various materials to create • soft or rough in a subtle or an exaggerated way. texture in artworks. • furry or coarse Several textures can be applied to Use visual arts vocabulary to create contrast for effect. discuss how texture exists in three- Simulated texture gives the dimensional works of art. impression of how something Collage is a kind of artwork created would feel when touched, as seen by using a variety of materials that in Albrecht Dürer, Young Hare, c. can vary in texture, including 1502. • paper Texture exists on natural and manufactured objects. • photographs • fabric The texture of an object appeals to • yarn some individuals but not to others. • plastics Fabric art is created by using materials that have texture, including • fibres or yarn • thread and needle to create stitching • tie-dye • batik or resist dyeing Texture can create an effect in artworks, as seen in • • Christi Belcourt, Nathalie, 2014

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• Faith Ringgold, Woman on a Bridge #1 of 5: Tar Beach, c. 1988 Texture contributed to historical architecture, as seen in • Alhambra Palace, Spain • Dome of the Rock, Mosque of Omar, Jerusalem • Taj Mahal, India

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Organizing Idea Creating and Presenting: Ideas can be represented through artworks that draw upon foundational visual arts knowledge.

Guiding Question How can messages in visual arts reflect what we value and understand? How can a narrative contribute to creating and presenting artworks?

Learning Outcome Students represent messages through artistic choices related to the elements of art. Students employ narrative as a structure for organizing ideas in artworks.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

Tools, techniques, materials, and Artists intentionally choose ways Create artworks through Inspiration for a narrative may A narrative in artworks can be Choose an inspiration for media can be used in traditional to effectively share a message. experimental and informed artistic come from illustrated as a partial or whole representing a narrative. and non-traditional ways to create choices. representation. a message. Artists can combine the elements • stories Create two- and three-dimensional New methods of creating art can of art in an infinite number of ways Explore how colour, line, shape, • music A narrative can be factual or works of art to convey a narrative. to communicate a message. and texture can be combined for a fictitious. be revealed through • various forms of media experimentation and unexpected purpose in artworks. discoveries. • real people or characters Experiment with how the principles A message in visual arts can convey of design can enhance the • experiences meaning through the use of communication of a message. • imagination illusions in artworks. • the environment Illusions such as depth, distance, or Create artworks that feature movement can be created through illusions of depth, distance, or A narrative in visual arts may or movement. may not represent a sequence of • line—linear or one-point events in the order in which they Explore a variety of ways to create happened. perspective two- and three-dimensional works • colour—gradation of art that reflect a message. A variety of media can be used to • texture—hatching, cross- illustrate the order of events in a hatching, layering narrative, including storyboards, • shape—layering, overlapping, paintings, and fabric arts. changing size and position on the picture plane Pictures can be grouped in sets (diptych or triptych) as seen in • value—tints and shades • Andrew Salgado, 20 Years, 2014 The use of colour, tints, and shades, including white and black, • Robert Campin, The Merode can create optical illusions in art Altarpiece, c. 1427–1432 when combined with shape, space, and lines. A narrative in art can be depicted in two- and three-dimensional Line can be used to create depth works, as seen in and distance as seen in landscapes that feature middle ground, • Basawan and Chetar Munti, background, and foreground. Akbar’s Adventure with the Elephant Hawa’i, c. 1561 • Helen Granger Young, The Famous Five Monument, c. 2010 The

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Principles of design, including structure of a narrative in visual emphasis and contrast, can guide arts can be represented using the way that artists use the motifs, metaphors, and themes. elements of art to create a message.

Messages can represent a variety A message is at the centre of Create artworks based on an Group expression in visual arts can A narrative can communicate Create artworks from various of things, including ideas, communication in visual arts. inspiration. be seen in murals, community points of view or perspectives of an perspectives. experiences, and feelings. artworks, and cultural artifacts. individual or a group. Viewing art includes receiving and Create a message in artworks Explore how principles of design Inspiration for creating a message interpreting messages through the use of patterns, signs, Points of view or perspectives can Feelings and mood can be can enhance communication of a in visual arts can come from a communicated through artworks. and symbols. reflect ideas, experiences, and interpreted visually through the use narrative. variety of sources, including other culture. of line, shape, and colour. artists or artworks, imagination, or Messages can represent what an Create a title and description to Explore how the elements of art stories. artist means to communicate accompany a work of art. Warm and cool colours can can be used to communicate mood through artworks. represent feelings in a narrative. or feelings. The circle is a symbol that can Employ creative processes when communicate a message in visual representing a message in Texture can create mood or evoke Investigate how the elements of art arts, including connection, unity, artworks. an emotional response when can be used to represent and cycles. incorporated into artworks. perspective in artworks. Participate as an artist and as an The circle in First Nations, Métis, or audience member in a variety of Principles of design, including Inuit visual art forms is used to visual arts experiences. harmony and contrast, can symbolize elements and patterns of influence how well the elements of the natural world. art work together to communicate a narrative. Messages in visual arts can be conveyed through the use of patterns, signs, and symbols. Creative processes can help an artist clarify what they mean to communicate. The message an artist intends to communicate through an artwork can be clarified • through the use of titles and descriptions • by stepping back to view and reflect on the artwork • by discussing the artwork with others Messages

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can evoke different responses from a viewer based on their beliefs, preferences, and feelings. Artworks can be created for an intended audience. Some topics or themes represented through artworks can be sensitive to some viewers.

An artist can shape a narrative A narrative in visual arts can be Make experimental and informed through the use of shaped by the artist, curator, or artistic choices when creating viewer. artworks. • elements of art • creative processes A viewer’s reaction to an artwork Accompany artworks with titles can be in response to how the and descriptions of a narrative. • media artwork is presented or created. • tools, techniques, and methods Experiment with how displaying an artwork can influence how it is • experimentation or informed viewed. artistic choices A curator chooses how artworks are displayed, which can shape the way a narrative is presented. Additional information about a narrative can be communicated through titles and descriptions about the artwork. A narrative told through visual arts can be combined with other art forms, including dance, drama, and music.

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Appreciation: Recognizing beauty, goodness, and truth in visual arts can be developed by understanding the complexity and richness of great artworks, the artists who create them, and the historical and cultural contexts from which they Organizing Idea originate.

Guiding Question How can an understanding of culture contribute to learning about visual arts in ancient Rome and New France? What is the role of culture in shaping the visual arts from medieval Europe, medieval Islam, and Alberta?

Learning Outcome Students relate visual arts cultures of the past with those of the modern day. Students relate how culture is reflected in visual arts across time and place.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

From historical times to today, Artworks are valued differently Describe how artworks are valued Culture can be enhanced when When communities unite through Participate in visual arts as a cultures value artworks for a across cultures throughout history. in one’s life and culture. artistic communities participate, the arts, culture can be learned. member of an artistic community. variety of reasons, including communicate, are engaged, and Artistic communities can be a Demonstrate how to follow artistic share responsibilities. The culture of an artistic Demonstrate how artistic roles and • beauty venue for artistic expression within protocols and etiquette in various community is about shared ways of responsibilities contribute to a • artistic expression various cultures. visual arts experiences. The culture of an artistic being together and reaching sense of community. community can support the caring common goals. • cultural or religious expression Use visual arts vocabulary when and respectful inclusion of all • representation of a culture or responding to artworks. participants. society • historical documentation Using vocabulary related to the elements of art can contribute to discussions about art. Artistic protocols and etiquette may change based on the community, culture, or presentation of artworks. The topics or themes expressed through artworks may have a particular significance to the culture, time, and place in which the artworks were created.

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Ancient Roman artworks were Ancient Roman culture was View artworks and architecture Visual artwork in Alberta has been Visual arts in Alberta can reflect Investigate information shared inspired by the ancient Greeks and reflected through artworks and from ancient Rome as an influenced by the histories and the culture of those who came through petroglyphs found in other ancient cultures. architecture. inspiration for creating art. traditions of artists from a variety before us and those who live here Alberta. of cultures. now. Artworks in ancient Rome were The culture of ancient Rome has an Compare art forms and Explore the significance of local valued for their ability to influence on modern day artworks. architecture from ancient Rome to Petroglyphs are a form of written artworks. communicate ways of life and those of modern day. text that some societies have historical events. interpreted as visual art. Create visual art that reflects the history or traditions of Alberta. Semicircular arches were so Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park in common among Roman Alberta has many examples of First Discuss examples of knowledge architecture that these arches are Nations petroglyphs. that First Nations, Métis, and Inuit now known as Roman arches. can share through artworks. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit share The principles of design, including knowledge through artworks that balance, repetition, and harmony, can include apply to ancient Roman architecture, and can be seen in • stone, wood, and bone carvings • pottery • Basilica of Maxentius • embroidery • Le Pont du Gard • porcupine quillwork • Roman Theatre of Orange • birchbark art • The Colosseum • geometric patterns and motifs • The Pantheon on hide Roman pottery was a functional • beading form of artwork in ancient Rome • weaving and was categorized as follows: • paintings • Fine ware were formal and decorative pottery pieces. The Métis people of Alberta are renowned for their floral • Coarse ware were used for daily beadwork. purposes such as cooking or food storage. Lawren Harris (1885–1970) was a member of an influential group of Ancient Roman pottery was Canadian artists called the Group engraved and glazed as a form of of Seven that captured the Alberta decoration, landscape

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unlike Greek pottery that was in oil paintings. painted with designs and images. Ancient Roman artworks have been found preserved in Pompeii and include • murals painted into the plastered walls of buildings (frescoes) • images made from tiny pieces of glass or ceramic (mosaics)

First Nations cultures in New Artworks in New France served a Discuss how culture is revealed Medieval European artworks were Culture was revealed through the View artworks and architecture France had established artistic variety of purposes for the diverse through First Nations, Métis, and often based on people and events artworks of the Middle Ages. from the Middle Ages as an traditions prior to the arrival of groups of people who lived there. Inuit artworks. from religious stories and classical inspiration for talking about and Europeans, including moose hair myths, including creating art. tufting, quilling, and embroidery Art forms from New France View a variety of artworks from work. continue to influence Canadian art French-Canadian artists, past and • heroes, heroines, and gods that Design artworks using the today. present, as an inspiration for are still commonly referenced in decorative styles of the Middle First Nations artworks in New talking about and creating art. English literature, in brand Ages. France reflected traditions and names, and in everyday writing beliefs that continue to be and conversation honoured and celebrated today by • people and events narrated in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit. Jewish and Christian stories Protocols related to how or with TheBook of Kellsis a medieval whom artworks are created and manuscript in which decorations, shared were part of First Nations including images and borders, cultures in New France and accompany the text. continue to hold significant importance today. Tapestries, includingThe Unicorn Tapestries, were woven artworks Art forms used in New France that could communicate continue to be used today, information about including • history • sculpting • legends • painting • religious teachings • metal work with gold and silver • everyday life • woodworking • textiles Architecture in the Middle Ages • printmaking (lithography) was often built with consideration for protecting the people inside the • stained glass buildings, including castles on • architecture rocky hilltops and homes surrounded by walls. The building of churches in New France was funded by the churches Architectural styles from the in Europe and often included Middle Ages still exist today, some of which can be seen in • stained glass • Carolingian—Palatine Chapel

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• altars • Gothic—Westminster Abbey, Old- • statues New Synagogue of Prague, and Hôtel-Dieu • chalices • Ostrogothic—Basilica of San The ceinture fléchée is a colourful, Vitale patterned sash that emerged as • Romanesque or Norman— functional clothing from the New Abbaye de Cluny, Durham France era. Cathedral, and Carcassonne The ceinture fléchée is Gothic cathedrals were built with representative of the cultural specific and important architectural heritage of French-Canadians and styles, including Métis. • spires • pointed arches • flying buttresses • rose windows • stained glass and statues • gargoyles Traditional Gothic cathedrals can be viewed today, as seen in • Notre-Dame in Paris, France • Our Lady of Chartres in Chartres, France Artworks in medieval Islam discouraged the use of shapes and detailed patterns to depict the human form. Islamic artworks used decorative forms of art, including • calligraphy

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• folk pottery • rugs and carpets

Decorative designs on ceramics and folk pottery included • inscriptions and proverbs • animals, usually birds from the folkloric past • geometric designs • abstract patterns Islamic books or manuscripts were illustrated in a style called illumination, which often featured complex patterns and designs using geometric, botanical, and animal forms. Silk weaving led to the art form of carpets in Islamic art, which included elaborate patterns and bright colours. Medieval Islamic architecture can be seen in • Alhambra Palace, 1238–1358, in Granada, Spain • The Great Mosque of Cordoba, 784–1146 CE A mosque is a central gathering place required for common prayer and community gatherings.

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A hypostyle mosque is an architectural design where the roof rested upon pillars or columns.

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Organizing Idea Foundational Elements and Principles: Visual arts literacy is developed through knowledge and application of foundational elements and principles.

Guiding Question How can colour be applied and altered for a purpose in artworks? How can organization contribute to artworks?

Learning Outcome Students analyze colour for its versatility in communicating meaning in artworks. Students investigate organization as a structural component in artworks.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

Intensity indicates the purity or Colour has the physical property of Mix colours to differentiate When working with different media Organization is the interaction Explore how the elements of art strength of a colour. intensity. between value and intensity. in art, considerations regarding between the elements of art. can be employed and organized organization of the elements of art within various media. Colours are usually most intense Intensity is the brightness or Apply colours with varying values may be required. before they are mixed with others. dullness of a colour. and intensities to artworks. Explore the effects that the Organization of the elements of art elements of art may have on one A colour can appear more intense can include another when combined in by placing it beside a artworks. complementary colour. • line—implied line, line weight, value, direction, contour, Adjust value to suggest an effect of Mixing a colour with its physical characteristics of line light or shadow. complement reduces intensity and • shape and form—proportion, is known as neutralizing a colour. geometric, organic, positive, negative, static, dynamic, When a colour is neutralized it physical characteristics, basic, produces neutral colours including complex brown or grey. • colour—tertiary, analogous, Artists can use intensity within a monochromatic, composition to direct a viewer’s complementary, primary, gaze. secondary, warm and cool, intensity, gradation, tints and In the painting by Pablo Picasso, Le shades, colour accents, Gourmet, c. 1901, intense colours transparent and opaque are used to create a focal point • texture—actual and simulated around the child eating. texture • space—focal point, illusions, symmetry, perspective • value—shading to suggest form or mass, gradation, colour Media in art can include found objects and materials from the surrounding environment.

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Colour relationships are described There is a relationship between Differentiate between warm and The warm colours on a colour The organization of colour Use the colour wheel to plan and as analogous, monochromatic, colours, which can be represented cool colours on the colour wheel. wheel appear opposite cool relationships is illustrated on a create artworks. primary, secondary, and on a colour wheel. colours. colour wheel. complementary. Explore the relationships of Differentiate between warm and colours. Tertiary colours are created when a The organization of a colour wheel cool colours on a colour wheel. Primary, secondary, and primary colour is mixed in equal can vary and may indicate colour complementary colours can be Create artworks using the colour proportions to an adjacent value and intensity. Explore and apply the colour found on a colour wheel. wheel as a tool in choosing a colour secondary colour. combinations used to create palette. The colour wheel can be a planning tertiary colours. Complementary colours are those Analogous colours create a colour tool for creating a colour palette. placed opposite each other on the scheme that can bring harmony Identify and employ analogous colour wheel. and balance to artworks, as seen in colour schemes in artworks. Analogous colours are groups of • William Trost Richards, Newport three colours that are next to each Coast, 1902 other on the colour wheel. • Yisa Akinbolaji, Wisdom Thread, n.d. Contrast can be created by placing a secondary colour next to a Analogous colours can be primary colour. identified by picking any colour on the colour wheel and adding one Tints and shades can be created by colour directly to the right and left adding white or black to a colour, of the chosen colour, such as as seen in • red-orange, orange, and red • James McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black • yellow-green, green, and yellow No. 1 (also known as Whistler’s • blue-violet, violet, and blue Mother), c. 1871 • red-violet, red, and violet • Pablo Picasso, The Tragedy, 1903 Warm colours can be found on the red/yellow side of the colour wheel. Cool colours can be found on the blue/green side of the colour wheel.

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The significance of colour can be Colour is a meaningful and Examine how colour can Spatial organization can apply to Spatial organization occupies, Use visual arts vocabulary to reflected in cultural or symbolic expressive element of art. communicate meaning or mood in line, shape, space, colour, and activates, or suggests space within discuss how spatial organization is associations, as seen inJane Ash artworks. value. an artwork. achieved in artworks. Poitras, Mikisew Spirit, 2019. Colour can be represented and interpreted in a variety of ways. Experiment with opaque and Spatial organization of line can Explore ways that the use of space Colour value can indicate meaning, transparent colour. include in artworks can create illusions. including the following: Create artworks using colour • atmospheric perspective Create artworks that imply spaces • Dark colours can suggest a lack symbolically. • linear perspective and one- or beyond the edges of the picture of light and convey a mood of two-point perspective to create plane. seriousness. an illusion of space in two- • Bright colours suggest positive dimensional works of art Explore techniques for activating or suggesting space in artworks. energy and more light. • horizon lines • Red can represent anger, • point of view, including bird’s- Consider how spatial organization danger, or love. eye view and close-ups contributes to perspective in • Orange can represent creativity artworks. or energy. Spatial organization of shape can include Local colour captures the likeness of an object. • overlapping shapes • placing shapes near horizon Expressive colour is used to lines to give an illusion of depth communicate mood or artistic choice. • adjusting size of shapes Opaque colour blocks light and can Organization regarding space can be adjusted to suggest heaviness. include Transparent colour lets some • positive space, negative space, wavelengths of light come through proportion and suggests lightness. • depth and dimension Watercolour is the most • pictorial space, including transparent paint. foreground, middle ground, background A wash can be created by adding • actual space (opened or closed) water to paint in order to make it in three-dimensional objects or more transparent. the environment Spatial

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organization of colour can include Colours such as yellow are naturally more transparent than • cool and dull colours giving the other colours. illusion of objects that are far away Colours such as red are naturally • warm and bright colours giving more opaque than other colours. the illusion of objects that are closer Oil, acrylic, and gouache are the most opaque paints. Spatial organization of value can include • light and shadow • gradations into light, dark, and mid-tones The use of space to create illusion and focal points can be seen in Thomas Cole, The Oxbow (also known as View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm), c. 1836. Techniques such as the following can create illusions of space in artworks: • placement of an object on the picture plane • overlapping shapes • varying size of shapes • adjusting value and colour

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Principles of design can be applied Colour draws the eye to focus on a Discuss how colour can be used as Artistic choices can include Artistic choice can influence Explore and discuss various ways to colour to create focus. point in the artwork. a focal point or as a means to direct organization in artworks. that artworks can be organized to the eye when viewing artworks. • communication of symbolic or communicate meaning or style. Colour can be used to create focus, literal meaning as seen in Ted Harrison, Visitor from Experiment with how to create • choice of media, tools, Make artistic choices in the Space, 1988. focal points in artworks. techniques, and materials creation of artworks. Balance in artwork includes Make artistic choices that • subject matter to be symmetrical, asymmetrical, and demonstrate the use of focal points represented radial. in artworks. • use of the elements of art and principles of design Radial balance creates an even Examine the use of perspective in pattern of image that radiates from various artworks. There is an infinite number of ways a central point, as seen in to organize the elements of art. mandalas. Incorporate perspective in artworks. Artistic choices can reveal an Warm colours tend to advance a artist’s style, as seen in Bill Reid, focal point while cool colours tend Spirit of Haida Gwaii, c. 1986–1991. to recede. Colour can be combined with line to create a focal point, including • converging lines • atmospheric perspective • linear perspective and one- point perspective to create an illusion of space in two- dimensional works of art • horizon lines

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Colour when combined with other Colour can create illusions in Explore how colour can be used to Unity is when all parts of the Organization relies on the Discuss the relationship between elements of art can create illusion, artworks. create illusions in artworks. design work in harmony to create a principles of design to promote balance and unity in artworks. including sense of completeness, as seen in unity in artworks. Adjust colour to suggest an effect Use visual arts vocabulary to • a sense of depth, contour, or of light or shadow. • Brian Jungen, Vienna, 2003 discuss how artists use balance to weight by using light and dark • Prudence Heward, At the Theatre, create a focal point in artworks. shades Adjust colour and value when 1928 • depth of field and colour value illustrating the illusion of space and Use principles of design as a way to through washes of colour depth in the foreground, middle Balance is a principle of design that organize artistic ideas. ground, and background of can enhance unity by using • line and space—atmospheric landscape artworks. perspective • pattern and repetition • light and depth—colours in the foreground look brighter and • symmetrical, asymmetrical, and more intense than colours in the radial balance background • colour values and opaque and transparent colour Atmospheric perspective is the • placement of shapes illusion of space in landscape paintings, often featuring the use Radial balance can create a strong of light colours in the distance, as focal point and an illusion of seen in Albert Bierstadt, Among the movement and depth, as seen in Sierra Nevada, California, 1868. Alex Janvier, Morning Star, 1993. Light and shadow can create the The principles of design can clarify illusion of three-dimensional forms, organization of the elements of art, as seen in Willem Claesz Heda, as seen in Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait Banquet Piece with Mince Pie, 1635. with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird, 1940.

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Organizing Idea Creating and Presenting: Ideas can be represented through artworks that draw upon foundational visual arts knowledge.

Guiding Question How can narrative in visual arts contribute to understanding diverse stories and experiences? How can artistic intention strengthen communication of ideas in visual arts?

Students represent narrative in artworks based on a variety of inspirations and through the application of artistic Learning Outcome choices. Students express intention as an integral part of artistic expression in visual arts.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

The structure of a narrative in A narrative can be structured to Create two- and three-dimensional Intention can be linked to what Intention becomes evident to the Create a plan for making art. artworks can depict a beginning, a describe the past, the present, or works of art based on a narrative. media an artist uses. artist and audience when artworks problem, and a resolution. the future. have structure and organization. Explore various ways in which Create artworks individually and An artist can communicate artworks can be shared or The structure of a narrative told collectively. intention in artworks by displayed. through artworks can be similar to the structure of a narrative in text. • giving artworks a title Incorporate the principles of design • creating descriptions for art to clarify intention. Narrative can be represented individually or collectively. • talking about art Evaluate the effectiveness of the media used to convey artistic A variety of media, including digital Intention can be clear when a plan intention. art, graffiti, and animation, can be for creating art is made, including used to illustrate a narrative. the use of Create a title and description for artworks. • the colour wheel • a colour palette • a view finder • research • a grid to divide the work surface into equal ratios for determining proportions Spatial organization can clarify intention of artworks when line, shape, space, colour, and value are employed. Organization can include balance of positive forms in relation to negative space. The way in which artworks are displayed can either detract from or contribute to highlighting the intention of the artist. Artworks may be interpreted in a way

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that differs from what the artist intended.

Preservation of cultural and A narrative in visual arts can Illustrate a narrative based on a Artworks can be created to Intention refers to what an artist Make intentional artistic choices to historical narratives can be communicate knowledge and variety of events, themes, or intentionally communicate a means to express. create a desired effect in artworks. achieved through the creation of understandings about the world. inspirations. subject or theme. artworks and artifacts. Intention can be linked to the Create two- or three-dimensional Narratives can provide connections Investigate how visual arts have An artist can intentionally combine, purposeful creation, expression, or artworks in the style of a particular Art movements are those periods to culture and history. contributed to the preservation of alter, or omit certain elements of appreciation of artworks. artist or art movement. in history where artworks were culture in local communities. art to create an effect, including created with a common goal or Artists can intentionally create art Give credit to other artists when style and can include the Explore how narratives are • illusions of movement, depth, that is realistic, symbolic, or using their ideas as an inspiration. Renaissance, Impressionism, and expressed through First Nations, distance, and mass abstract. Cubism. Métis, or Inuit artworks. • emotion or mood Determine what tools, media, or techniques are required to achieve A narrative in visual arts is Create artworks inspired by art • symbolic representations artistic intention in artworks. represented in diverse ways across movements throughout history. • perspective cultures. Create artworks that intentionally Mixed media is where various reflect realistic, symbolic, or Narrative can be expressed materials and media are abstract representations. through the spirit or life of First intentionally combined within Nations, Métis, and Inuit artworks. artworks, as seen inJane Ash Create artworks with the intention Poitras, Prayer Ties My People, 2000. of communicating a subject or a Narrative in First Nations, Métis, theme. and Inuit artworks can originate Analogous colours can be used from the land, including intentionally to harmonize the colours of a composition. • wind • water Art movements throughout history featured artists known for their • soil artistic style or intentional use of • animals media and can include • plants • Andy Warhol—pop art The creation of a narrative can • Banksy—an anonymous England- communicate based street artist • Diego Rivera—established the • personal experiences mural movement in Mexican and • stories, legends, myths, and international art poetry • Frida Kahlo—Mexican painter • fictional events and characters known for self-portraits

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• perspectives • Jack Kirby—comic book artist • Pablo Picasso—Spanish painter, Universal themes that can occur in sculptor, printmaker, and narratives include survival, ceramicist known for the Cubism redemption, and quest. movement Appreciating artworks can include • citing other artists’ work when borrowing their ideas as inspiration • asking for permission to replicate other artists’ work

Artistic choices related to the A narrative in visual arts can take Make artistic choices when revising Intentionally practising art skills An artist’s intention may emphasize Practise art-making skills, elements of art and principles of the viewer on a journey by or reimagining how a narrative can and techniques can improve artistic process over product. techniques, and methods as a design can be used by an artist to entertaining and persuading. be illustrated. expression. means to strengthen artistic revise and reimagine how a Some artworks may not have an expression. narrative is expressed. A narrative in visual arts may be Evaluate the effectiveness of Art can be intentionally created for obvious intention that can be perceived by an audience in a way artistic choices in the enjoyment, creative expression, or interpreted. Create art for enjoyment. Parts of a narrative in visual arts that differs from what the artist communication of a narrative. as a way to explore new may be excluded, leaving the intended. techniques, skills, or media. Growth as an artist can occur when Take creative risks as a means to audience to assume what Apply creative processes to design one engages with the creative address design challenges. happened before and after the challenges. Communicating intention can process in new and meaningful narrative was presented. involve taking creative risks and ways. Describe how feedback was employing creative processes. incorporated to clarify or enhance Titles and descriptions provide artistic intention. additional information about a narrative that can clarify what an Reflect on strengths and areas for artist intends to communicate. growth as an artist. Creative processes can help solve design challenges when creating artworks.

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Appreciation: Recognizing beauty, goodness, and truth in visual arts can be developed by understanding the complexity and richness of great artworks, the artists who create them, and the historical and cultural contexts from which they Organizing Idea originate.

How was societal change reflected in visual arts during Colonial Canada, the Renaissance and the Protestant How did societal change influence how visual arts were appreciated during the Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Guiding Question Reformation? throughout the history of the United States of America?

Learning Outcome Students investigate how changes in societies of the past have influenced the creation and sharing of artworks. Students relate change to historical events and appreciation of visual arts practices.

Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures Knowledge Understanding Skills & Procedures

The process through which cultural Visual arts has changed over time View a variety of Canadian Appreciation of artworks can Appreciation of visual arts can Create artworks that reflect visual artworks and artifacts are restored as communities and cultures have artworks as an inspiration for inform future decisions regarding change through active reflection and popular culture. to their rightful people or locations evolved. talking about and creating art. participation as an artist and a and experience with artworks. is known as repatriation. viewer of art. Use visual arts vocabulary when Visual arts in Colonial Canada Investigate community acts of responding to or sharing opinions Repatriation of ceremonial and reflected the changes that repatriation and cultural Appreciation can shape individual about artworks. spiritual artifacts allows for occurred in Europe at the same revitalization. artistry, curiosity, and engagement communities to reconnect with time. in visual arts. culture. Popular (pop) culture evolved from Repatriation of First Nations and artistic traditions and is Inuit ceremonial and spiritual appreciated as a form of expression artifacts is occurring from from the people for the people. museums and personal collections and includes Visual culture can be a subject matter or theme that includes ways • medicine bundles of seeing and visually representing • totem poles the world, including animation, digital media, and advertisements. • amulets • ceremonial clothing • medicine pipes • bentwood boxes • masks • headdresses • rattles • thunder pipe bundles First Nations, Métis, and Inuit artworks were influenced by Europeans in a variety of ways, including • introduction of glass beads • availability of new materials, such as ores not found in North America

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• production of art for aesthetic and economic purposes Some artists in Colonial Canada were trained by mentors or teachers in the field of art and handicrafts. In Colonial Canada, some handicraft artists were also considered tradespeople and included • blacksmiths • candle makers • weavers • coopers • printers The Catholic Church established a school where arts and handicrafts were taught in early Colonial Canada.

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The Renaissance movement was Visual arts went through significant Discuss how the artworks of the The Enlightenment period rejected The way in which the visual arts are View artworks from the about all people bettering change during the Renaissance and Renaissance were different from the previous art movement, understood and appreciated has Enlightenment and the French themselves through education, Protestant Reformation. the artworks of the Protestant Rococo, which was elaborate and changed throughout history. Revolution as an inspiration for literature, science, and the arts. Reformation. extravagant as profiled in the talking about and creating art. Palace of Versailles, in France. At the beginning of the View a variety of artworks from the Renaissance, artists were known as Renaissance and Protestant The Rococo movement was craftsmen; later in the Renaissance, Reformation as an inspiration for rejected because it featured they became known as artists. talking about and creating art. artworks that did not reflect the lifestyle of the common people. The Renaissance was a return to creating art in classical styles, The neoclassical art movement that inspired by ancient Greece and emerged during the period of the Rome; examples of Renaissance art Enlightenment featured the ideas and artists can include of freedom, democracy, and reason. • Albrecht Dürer, Young Hare, c. 1502 Artworks during this time were • Leonardo da Vinci, The Last also heavily influenced by the Supper, c. 1490s, and Mona Lisa, discovery of Pompeii, which c. 1503 reignited an interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and • Michelangelo, Pietà, c. 1498– architecture. 1499 • Raphael (Raffaello Santi), The Neoclassical art emphasized School of Athens, c. 1508–1511 realism through the use of symmetry and carefully organized • Sandro Botticelli, Adoration of the compositions, as seen in Jacques- Magi, c. 1475–1476 Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, c. 1784. The Renaissance art movement featured realism and emotion in Neoclassicism reflected the culture artworks by representing light of the common people during the through space and by using French Revolution because it shadow and reflection in still-life embraced the ideals of freedom paintings. and equality. Architectural styles in the Renaissance were borrowed from ancient societies and can include • sgraffito—a technique using layers of plaster for wall decor or in ceramics

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• loggia—an architectural feature where the outer wall is open to the outside and sometimes supported by columns or arches • arcades—a series of arches supported by columns Busts, sculptures of a person’s head and torso, and portraiture were popular in the Renaissance and later periods, and can include • Donatello, Bust of Niccolò da Uzzano, c. 1430 • Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, c. 1533 • Raphael, Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, c. 1514–1515 Linear perspective was used by many Renaissance artists and is still used today by artists to show realistic space. Artwork often depicted religious themes and subjects during the Renaissance. Artworks in the Protestant Reformation were a rejection of the religious artworks of the Catholic Church. Protestant Churches were often plain or painted white. Many northern European artists during

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the Protestant Reformation focused on the daily, moral life of people and explored these themes through landscapes, portraits, still lifes, and historical paintings. Religious artworks became less popular and artists began to create more non-religious (secular) artwork during the Protestant Reformation, as seen in • Rachel Ruysch, Basket of Flowers, c. 1711 • Rembrandt, The Night Watch, c. 1642 The invention of the printing press revolutionized the way books and images were created and shared during the Protestant Reformation. Because of the printing press, artworks during the Protestant Reformation became more available for people to purchase. In response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church prompted the Counter- Reformation (Council of Trent 1545–1563), which encouraged a return to religious artworks, as seen in • St Peter’s Basilica, c. 1506–1615 • Caravaggio, Supper at Emmaus, c. 1601

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Before colonization of the United Visual art traditions existed prior to Discuss how the evolution of art in States of America, the Indigenous the colonization of the United the United States of America was a people had rich and historical States of America and evolved as reflection of culture and historical traditions of visual arts that more people came to the land. events. continue to be celebrated today. Create artworks in the style of an As the United States of America American artist. became colonized, people brought with them a large and varied tradition of arts and crafts, which became known as folk art. The American Revolution was based on the ideals of the Enlightenment, and the neoclassical style was reflected in the architecture of the United States during this time, as seen inThe White House, in Washington, DC. American artworks and artists are famous for their contributions to visual culture and modern art, and can include • • Andy Warhol, pop art • Jackson Pollock, abstract expressionism • Jacob Lawrence, Harlem Renaissance • Mark Rothko, colour field painting The Harlem Renaissance (1917– 1930s) was a rich artistic and cultural art movement in the United States of America.

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During the Harlem Renaissance, black artists were free to express black lives and identity for the first time in American history, as seen in • Aaron Douglas, The Judgment Day, 1939 • James Lesesne Wells, Looking Upward, 1928 • Norman Lewis, Jazz, c. 1938

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