DOCSLIB.ORG

VLF Wave Injection Into the Magnetosphere from Siple Station

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
VLF Wave Injection Into the Magnetosphere from Siple Station VOL. 79, NO. 16 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH JUNE I, 1974 VLF Wave Injection Into the MagnetosphereFrom Siple Station, Antarctica R. A. HELLIWELL AND J.P. KATSUFRAKIS RadioscienceLaboratory, Stanford University,Stanford, California 94305 Radio signalsin the 1.5- to 16-kHz range transmittedfrom Siple Station, Antarctica (L = 4), are used to control wave-particleinteractions in the magnetosphere.Observations at the conjugatepoint show signalgrowth and triggeredemissions including risers, failers, and hooks. Growth ratesof the order of 100 dB/s and total gainsup to 30 dB are observed.Triggered emissions may be cut off or havetheir fre- quencyrate of changealtered by Siplepulses. Similar effectsoccur in associationwith harmonicsfrom the Canadianpower system. The observedtemporal growth is predictedby a recentlyproposed feedback model of cyclotroninteraction. Plasma instability theories predicting only spatialgrowth are not in ac- cord with these observations.Possible applications include study of nonlinear plasma instability phenomena,diagnostic measurements of energeticparticles trapped in the magnetosphere,modification of the ionosphere through control of precipitation, and VLF communication through the magnetosphere. This is a report of the first resultsof a new experimentto plasma instability. To obtain further experimental data, a control wave-particleinteractions in the magnetosphere,us- transmitter was neededthat could operate at lower frequen- ing VLF waves.Coherent whistlermode signalswere injected cies and whose power, pulse length, and frequency could into the magnetospherein the 1.5- to 16.0-kHz range from a easily be varied. 100-kW transmitter located at Siple Station, Antarctica. The The next step was constructionof a 33.6-km-long horizon- output signalswere observedat the Sipleconjugate point near tal dipole at Byrd Station (L = 7.25) in 1965 [Guy, 1966]. This Roberval, Quebec. The signalsfollowed field-aligned ducts antenna was shared by a VLF step frequency sounder near L = 4 (seesketch in Figure la). Among the new resultsis operated by the University of Washington and a VLF the observationthat the signal receivedat Roberval generally magnetospheresounder operated by StanfordUniversity. The showsexponential growth as a function of time, with growth dipole was laid on the ice to lower its Q and henceincrease its rates of the order of 100 dB/s. Total power gains of up to 3 bandwidth. Soundings of the D and E regions were orders of magnitude (30 dB) have been observed.Following successfullycarried out over the freq'uencyrange 3-30 kHz the exponentialgrowth phase,emissions at new frequencies [Helmset al., 1968]. Whistler modetransmissions in the range are usually triggered, in the form of narrow band rising or 6-9 kHz were observed by the Stanford University VLF falling tones.A by-productof theseinvestigations is the find- receiveron the Ogo 4 satelliteas it flew over the transmitter in ing that VLF radiation at harmonics of the commercial the upper part of the F region. However, the signalswere too power systemappears to be present in the magnetosphere, weak to excite detectablewhistler mode signalsin the con- modifying the spectrum of the triggered emissions. jugate hemisphere.One reason was the low efficiencyof the In the following sectionof this paper we review briefly the low Q antenna and another was its high latitude. This high previotisexperimental work on VLF waveinjection into the latitude meant that signals from the transmitter would first magnetosphere.In the next three sectionswe describethe have to travel about 1000 km in the 1ossyearth ionosphere sitingof Siple Station, the apparatus,and someof the first ex- wave guide to reach the field lines on which propagation to perimental results.In the last sectionwe discussthese results the conjugatehemisphere was commonly observed. and some possibleapplications. SIPLE STATION PREVIOUS WORK From the Byrd experimentsit was clear that the transmitter Man-made whistler mode signals were first detected at would haveto be movedto a lower geomagneticlatitude. The Cape Horn from Station NSS on 15.5 kHz, located at An- desired site characteristics were (1) proximity to the napolis, Maryland [Helliwell and Gehrels, 1958]. Later dis- plasmapause(L • 4), (2) a stable ice sheet at least 2000 m crete VLF emissionswere observedto be triggeredby Morse thick, and (3) a conjugatepoint readily accessibleto year- code transmissions from Stations NPG on 18.6 kHz and round manned operation. A site satisfyingthese criteria was NAA on 14.7kHz [Helliwell et al., 1964].Nearly all triggering found at 76øSand 84øW (L = 4.1) and was occupiedin the was causedby the Morse dashes.When the dots did trigger, austral summerof 1969. It was named Siple Station; its con- the resultingemissions were alwaysweak falling tones [Lasch, jugate point is near Roberval, Quebec(48øN, 73øW). 1969]. Emissiontriggering by the long (• 1 s) pulsesfrom a With the aid of impedancemeasurements made on a test relatively low power (• 100 W) Omega transmitter operating dipole erectedabove the snow during the 1969-1970 austral on 10.2 kHz was also observed[Kimura, 1968]. Observations summer a 21.2-km-long operational antenna was designed during a drifting duct event showed that triggering was [Raghuramet al., 1974]. It was constructedduring the austral enhancedwhen the transmitter frequencywas near one half summers of 1970-1971 and 1971-1972. The measured reso- the equatorialgyrofrequency [Carpenter, 1968]. Theseresults nant frequency is 5.1 kHz, close to half the minimum could not be interpreted in terms of existing theories of gyrofrequency(•6 kHz) on the field line through Siple Sta- tion. The bandwidthis about 2 kHz. The radiationefficiency Copyright ¸ 1974 by the American GeophysicalUnion. at 6 kHz is estimatedto be 4%. The averageelevation of the 2511 2512 HELLIWELLAND KATSUFRAKIS.' BRIEF REPORT (a) (b) WWV PROGRAMMER RECE I V ER AND •LOOP CLOCK il TAPE PREAMP RECORDER RECEIVER ß 2O (c) GEOMAGNETIC EQUATOR TRANSMITTER ELEVATED DI POLE 2O 17000krn 21.2 krn _ I I00kW COMPUTER TELETYPE 6O AMP'ß i KEYER FREQUENCY I ! STANDARD Fig.1. (a)Sketch ofmagnetospheric pathfrom Siple Station (SI), Antarctica, toRoberval, Quebec (RO); HB is Halley Bay.(b) RobervalVLF receiverblock diagram. (c) SipleVLF transmitterblock diagram. antennaabove the snowsurface was initially 6 m, with passiveexperiments were also installed,including whistler provisionfor periodicallyraising the antenna to compensateand VLF emissionrecordings (Stanford University), magnetic for an annual snow accumulation of 1-2 m. field intensity(Bell Laboratories),magnetic pulsations A year-roundmanned facility, including the 100-kWhigh- (Universityof Minnesotaand University of NewHampshire), efficiencysolid state VLF transmitterfrom Byrd Station, was and ionosphericabsorption (University of SanDiego). constructedduring the australsummer of 1972-1973.Various Operationof the passiveexperiments began in early1973. A RO 23 JUNE 73t o.o '::;;;:;::;?•.•"•••••••••:••;...•.•:•:•:::•.;•..::•:•::.•.:•;•:•.•:•.•...•:•:•:):•5:•?.•+•+?•"•'"•'•••'•'••••••'•'"" ":'::•:-'•[.:•".•:-•?•:•.•:•::-::•-•:•:--':':::•:•-......... :½..•:................ :................... •;•::•;•............. .•:•:::•-:•;;•:'•-•¾ ................... .......- ......: .+.•:"•cy--•-•-...;.: .-.:• ' ' ß...... -- *:'""-•-•..... g. .*--',•...•.:'•:•h.-•.-- .. .."•,.• ..... ::.'•.':.•:• ....:':..'.:2' ..... --• .... -" .• •: X":..Y'•'..::'?• .•? "•:':'":•.?•75...:•:•?•.•*:',.' •'5•;.'•- ..•'•'A • '•:•.4:•;•. '-'- -"' ' :'•:......'::';;;•¾}:'•'•;';•5 •x:,,..,..:'•.....'>. .,•::•.•,•:>•:"•"5...... '::" ' ........ +•'•'' •."•,...• ........"'"• ' ' '....... •"".g•'" ............... ..........:.'.:•''...,•:;;2"::•' :':' ..... :%" . :, ..':' •?•...:;•.:•'"'";":'"':"'":'" ........'"'"'"'":::':' <:. --""'•'"'"'"'""':""::' •. .-. .......................:':'"..... •.:.•" ..... :•:.... :• '::•' '•'........... '........... :.. "'-:-•- ":•':•':,-:-.-. "':':"::':::':":'":"..... ..-.... ..•,'•..:.....'•.... ::,::•.•........... ::•"• .. :,':........ ß.......... -.:. :.'. .... :. ...................................L7•:'::..'..... .'. ::::..•..... ::•:":•...:':...:...' :: .--•::."-:'..:,:' ß ..':.':'.:'.:"•:5-'--... :'•..'..-•-..:..::.' ............::::. '..:....:• I .........t............... :• ................. i............ •............... i ............... i ':i" •:•............. :• '"'"I ............. i .....• ....... :• '• ! ..... i.... i i I ......! 0 -'10 •O 30 sec Fig.2. Variablepulse length sequence received atRoberval. Lower panel shows the spectrum, andupper panel shows theamplitude ina 130-Hz bandwidth centered on5.5 kHz. Pulse lengths vary from 50 to 400 ms in 50-ms steps asis in- dicatedbythe numbers between panels. Atwo-hop whistler, with echoes at•3 kHz,appears at8-10 sand originates inthe sfericat 4.2 s. A strongwell-defined two-hop whistler component extending upto 5.5 kHz is seen at about 8.2 s and cor- respondsto the one-hopdelay of the Siplepulses. HELLIWELL AND KATSUFRAKIS:BRIEF REPORT 2513 Fig. 3. Pulseenvelope of the 150-, 200-, and 250-mspulses in the second18-s sequence shown in Figure2. Solid bars representthe transmittedpulses corrected in time for the one-hoptravel time of 2.02 s. The VLF transmitter was placed in servicein April 1973 and found that the period around local sunriseis often active. A has since operated an averageof 6 hours a day on different wide variety of spectralforms hasbeen observed in-the signals frequencies,with various modulation patterns and power stimulatedby the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Iowa Instruments in Space
    University of Iowa Instruments in Space A-D13-089-5 Wind Van Allen Probes Cluster Mercury Earth Venus Mars Express HaloSat MMS Geotail Mars Voyager 2 Neptune Uranus Juno Pluto Jupiter Saturn Voyager 1 Spaceflight instruments designed and built at the University of Iowa in the Department of Physics & Astronomy (1958-2019) Explorer 1 1958 Feb. 1 OGO 4 1967 July 28 Juno * 2011 Aug. 5 Launch Date Launch Date Launch Date Spacecraft Spacecraft Spacecraft Explorer 3 (U1T9)58 Mar. 26 Injun 5 1(U9T68) Aug. 8 (UT) ExpEloxrpelro r1e r 4 1915985 8F eJbu.l y1 26 OEGxOpl o4rer 41 (IMP-5) 19697 Juunlye 2 281 Juno * 2011 Aug. 5 Explorer 2 (launch failure) 1958 Mar. 5 OGO 5 1968 Mar. 4 Van Allen Probe A * 2012 Aug. 30 ExpPloiorenre 3er 1 1915985 8M Oarc. t2. 611 InEjuxnp lo5rer 45 (SSS) 197618 NAouvg.. 186 Van Allen Probe B * 2012 Aug. 30 ExpPloiorenre 4er 2 1915985 8Ju Nlyo 2v.6 8 EUxpKlo 4r e(rA 4ri1el -(4IM) P-5) 197619 DJuenc.e 1 211 Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission / 1 * 2015 Mar. 12 ExpPloiorenre 5e r 3 (launch failure) 1915985 8A uDge.c 2. 46 EPxpiolonreeerr 4130 (IMP- 6) 19721 Maarr.. 313 HMEaRgCnIe CtousbpeShaetr i(cF oMxu-1ltDis scaatelell itMe)i ssion / 2 * 2021081 J5a nM. a1r2. 12 PionPeioenr e1er 4 1915985 9O cMt.a 1r.1 3 EExpxlpolorerer r4 457 ( S(IMSSP)-7) 19721 SNeopvt.. 1263 HMaalogSnaett oCsupbhee Sriact eMlluitlet i*scale Mission / 3 * 2021081 M5a My a2r1. 12 Pioneer 2 1958 Nov. 8 UK 4 (Ariel-4) 1971 Dec. 11 Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission / 4 * 2015 Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEWS BULLETIN Published Quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC)
    A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) An English-born Post Office technician, Robin Hodgson, wearing a borrowed kilt, plays his pipes to huskies on the sea ice below Scott Base. So far he has had a cool response to his music from his New Zealand colleagues, and a noisy reception f r o m a l l 2 0 h u s k i e s . , „ _ . Antarctic Division photo Registered at Post Ollice Headquarters. Wellington. New Zealand, as a magazine. II '1.7 ^ I -!^I*"JTr -.*><\\>! »7^7 mm SOUTH GEORGIA, SOUTH SANDWICH Is- . C I R C L E / SOUTH ORKNEY Is x \ /o Orcadas arg Sanae s a Noydiazarevskaya ussr FALKLAND Is /6Signyl.uK , .60"W / SOUTH AMERICA tf Borga / S A A - S O U T H « A WEDDELL SHETLAND^fU / I s / Halley Bav3 MINING MAU0 LAN0 ENOERBY J /SEA uk'/COATS Ld / LAND T> ANTARCTIC ••?l\W Dr^hnaya^^General Belgrano arg / V ^ M a w s o n \ MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ '■ aust \ /PENINSULA' *\4- (see map betowi jrV^ Sobldl ARG 90-w {■ — Siple USA j. Amundsen-Scott / queen MARY LAND {Mirny ELLSWORTH" LAND 1, 1 1 °Vostok ussr MARIE BYRD L LAND WILKES LAND ouiiiv_. , ROSS|NZJ Y/lnda^Z / SEA I#V/VICTORIA .TERRE , **•»./ LAND \ /"AOELIE-V Leningradskaya .V USSR,-'' \ --- — -"'BALLENYIj ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1 Tenitnte Matianzo arg 2 Esptrarua arg 3 Almirarrta Brown arc 4PttrtlAHG 5 Otcipcion arg 6 Vtcecomodoro Marambio arg * ANTARCTICA 7 Arturo Prat chile 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 1000 Miles 9 Prasid«fTtB Frei chile s 1000 Kilometres 10 Stonington I.
    [Show full text]
  • Borehole Temperatures Reveal Peninsula Warming
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | The Cryosphere Discuss., 5, 3053–3084, 2011 www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/5/3053/2011/ The Cryosphere doi:10.5194/tcd-5-3053-2011 Discussions TCD © Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 5, 3053–3084, 2011 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal The Cryosphere (TC). Borehole Please refer to the corresponding final paper in TC if available. temperatures reveal Peninsula warming Borehole temperatures reveal details of V. Zagorodnov et al. 20th century warming at Bruce Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula Title Page Abstract Introduction V. Zagorodnov1, O. Nagornov2, T. A. Scambos3, A. Muto3,*, E. Mosley-Thompson1, E. C. Pettit4, and S. Tyuflin2 Conclusions References 1Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA Tables Figures 2Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Kashirskoe Shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russia 3 National Snow and Ice Data Center, CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, J I Boulder CO 80309, USA 4Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, J I AK 99775, USA Back Close *now at: Dept. of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA Received: 15 September 2011 – Accepted: 17 October 2011 – Published: 2 November 2011 Full Screen / Esc Correspondence to: V. Zagorodnov ([email protected]) Printer-friendly Version Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Interactive Discussion 3053 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract TCD Two ice core boreholes of 143.74 m and 447.65 m (bedrock) were drilled during the 2009–2010 austral summer on the Bruce Plateau at a location named LARISSA Site 5, 3053–3084, 2011 Beta (66◦020 S, 64◦040 W, 1975.5 m a.s.l.).
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciological Studies at Siple Station (Antarctica): Potential Ice-Core Paleoclimatic Record
    Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 37, No. 125, 1991 Glaciological studies at Siple Station (Antarctica): potential ice-core paleoclimatic record E. MOSLEY-THOMPSON, J. DAI, L. G. THOMPSON, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1308, U.S.A. P. M . GROOTES, Q_uat~rnary Isotope Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. JAMES K. ARBOGAST AND j. F. PASKIEVITCH Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1308, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The quality and utility of the records of oxygen-isotopic abundances, dust concentrations and anionic concentrations preserved in the ice at Siple Station (75°55' S, 84°15' W) are assessed from four shallow (20m) cores. The combination of high accumu lation (0.56 m a- 1 w.e. ) and low mean annual temperature (-24°C) preserves the prominent seasonal variations in 818 0 which are very spatially coherent. Sulfate concentrations vary seasonall y and, in conjunction with 818 0, will allow accurate dating of deeper cores from Siple Station. The concentrations of insoluble dust are the lowest measured in Antarctica, making Siple Station an excellent location to examine large increases in atmospheric tubidity. The seasonal variations and annual fluxes of the anions are examined for the last two decades (AD 1966-85) with regard to probable sources. An unusually high sulfate flux in 1976 may reflect the February 1975 eruption of Mount Ngauruhoe, New Zealand. No annual signal in nitrate concentration is confirmed and no unusually high nitrate fluxes support the suggestion of nitrate production by large solar flares.
    [Show full text]
  • Hnjtflrcilild
    HNjTflRCililD A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) Drillers on the Ross Ice Shelf last season used a new hot water system to penetrate fc. 416m of ice and gain access to the waters of the Ross Sea. Here the rig is at work on an access hole for a Norwegian science rproject. ' U . S . N a v y p h o t o Registered ol Post Office Headquarters, Vol. 8, No. 9. Wellington. New Zealand, as a magazine. SOUTH GEORGIA. •.. SOUTH SANDWICH Is' ,,r circle / SOUTH ORKNEY Is' \ $&?-""" "~~~^ / "^x AFAtKtANOis /^SiJS?UK*"0.V" ^Tl~ N^olazarevskayauss« SOUTH AMERICA / /\ ,f Borg°a ~7^1£^ ^.T, \60'E, /? cnirru „ / \ if sa / anT^^^Mo odezhnaya V/ x> SOUTH 9 .» /WEDDELL \ .'/ ' 0,X vr\uss.aT/>\ & SHETtAND-iSfV, / / Halley Bay*! DRONNING MAUD LAND ^im ^ >^ \ - / l s * S Y 2 < 'SEA/ S Euk A J COATSu k V ' tdC O A T S t d / L A N D ! > / \ Dfu^naya^^eneral Belgrano^RG y\ \ Mawson ANTARCTIC SrV MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ \ aust /PENINSULA'^ (see map below) Sobral arg / t Davis aust K- Siple ■■ [ U S A Amundsen-Scott / queen MARY LAND <JMirny AJELLSWORTH Vets') LAND °Vostok ussr MARIE BYRDNs? vice ShelA^ WIIKES tAND , ? O S S ^ . X V a n d a N z / SEA I JpY/VICTORIA .TERRE ,? ^ P o V t A N D V ^ / A D H J E j / V G E O R G E V L d , , _ / £ ^ . / ,^5s=:»iv-'s«,,y\ ^--Dumont d Urville france Leningradskaya \' / USSB_,^'' \ / -""*BALLENYIs\ / ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1 Teniente Matienzo arg 2 Esperanza arg 3 Almirante Brown arg 4 Petrel arg 5 Decepcion arg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctican Society 905 North Jacksonville Street Arlington, Virginia 22205
    THE ANTARCTICAN SOCIETY 905 NORTH JACKSONVILLE STREET ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22205 __________________________________________________________ Vol. 87-88 September No. 1 Welcome to the Society's 28th year and to its 133rd lecture! Presidents: Dr. Carl R. Eklund, 1959-61 Dr. Paul A. Siple, 1961-62 Mr. Gordon D. Cartwright, 1962-63 SOUTH POLE STATION 30 YEARS AGO by RADM David M. Tyree (Ret.), 1963-64 Mr. George R. Toney, 1964-65 Dr. Robert F. Benson Mr. Morton J. Rubin, 1965-66 Dr. Albert P. Crary, 1966-68 Space Scientist Dr. Henry M. Dater, 1968-70 Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Mr. George A. Doumani, 1970-71 Dr. William J. L. Sladen, 1971- 73 NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Mr. Peter F. Bermel, 1973-75 Greenbelt, Maryland Dr. Kenneth J. Bertrand, 1975-7 7 Mrs. Paul A. Siple, 1977-78 Dr. Paul C. Dalrymple, 1978-80 on Dr. Meredith F. Burrill, 1980-82 Dr. Mori D. Turner, 1982-84 Tuesday evening, 27 October 1987 Dr. Edward P. Todd, 1984-86 Mr. Robert H. T. Dodson, 1986-88 Honorary Members: 8 PM Ambassador Paul C. Daniels Dr. Laurence McKinlcy Gould Count Emilio Pucci National Science Foundation Sir Charles S. Wright 18th and G Streets N.W. Mr. Hugh Blackwell Evans Dr. Henry M. Dater Mr. August Howard ROOM 543 Paul C. Daniels Memorial Lecturers: - Light Refreshments - Dr. William J. L. Sladen, 1964 RADM David M. Tyree (Ret.), 1 965 Dr. Roger Tory Peterson, 1966 Dr. J. Campbell Craddock, 1967 Mr. James Pranke, 1968 Dr. Henry M. Dater, 1970 Bob Benson, ionospheric physicist at Amundsen-Scott in 1957, is Sir Peter M.
    [Show full text]
  • Waba Directory 2003
    DIAMOND DX CLUB www.ddxc.net WABA DIRECTORY 2003 1 January 2003 DIAMOND DX CLUB WABA DIRECTORY 2003 ARGENTINA LU-01 Alférez de Navió José María Sobral Base (Army)1 Filchner Ice Shelf 81°04 S 40°31 W AN-016 LU-02 Almirante Brown Station (IAA)2 Coughtrey Peninsula, Paradise Harbour, 64°53 S 62°53 W AN-016 Danco Coast, Graham Land (West), Antarctic Peninsula LU-19 Byers Camp (IAA) Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South 62°39 S 61°00 W AN-010 Shetland Islands LU-04 Decepción Detachment (Navy)3 Primero de Mayo Bay, Port Foster, 62°59 S 60°43 W AN-010 Deception Island, South Shetland Islands LU-07 Ellsworth Station4 Filchner Ice Shelf 77°38 S 41°08 W AN-016 LU-06 Esperanza Base (Army)5 Seal Point, Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula 63°24 S 56°59 W AN-016 (Antarctic Peninsula) LU- Francisco de Gurruchaga Refuge (Navy)6 Harmony Cove, Nelson Island, South 62°18 S 59°13 W AN-010 Shetland Islands LU-10 General Manuel Belgrano Base (Army)7 Filchner Ice Shelf 77°46 S 38°11 W AN-016 LU-08 General Manuel Belgrano II Base (Army)8 Bertrab Nunatak, Vahsel Bay, Luitpold 77°52 S 34°37 W AN-016 Coast, Coats Land LU-09 General Manuel Belgrano III Base (Army)9 Berkner Island, Filchner-Ronne Ice 77°34 S 45°59 W AN-014 Shelves LU-11 General San Martín Base (Army)10 Barry Island in Marguerite Bay, along 68°07 S 67°06 W AN-016 Fallières Coast of Graham Land (West), Antarctic Peninsula LU-21 Groussac Refuge (Navy)11 Petermann Island, off Graham Coast of 65°11 S 64°10 W AN-006 Graham Land (West); Antarctic Peninsula LU-05 Melchior Detachment (Navy)12 Isla Observatorio
    [Show full text]
  • Flnitflrcililcl
    flNiTflRCililCl A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) svs-r^s* ■jffim Nine noses pointing home. A team of New Zealand huskies on the way back to Scott Base after a run on the sea ice of McMurdo Sound. Black Island is in the background. Pholo by Colin Monteath \f**lVOL Oy, KUNO. O OHegisierea Wellington, atNew kosi Zealand, uttice asHeadquarters, a magazine. n-.._.u—December, -*r\n*1981 SOUTH GEORGIA SOUTH SANDWICH Is- / SOUTH ORKNEY Is £ \ ^c-c--- /o Orcadas arg \ XJ FALKLAND Is /«Signy I.uk > SOUTH AMERICA / /A #Borga ) S y o w a j a p a n \ £\ ^> Molodezhnaya 4 S O U T H Q . f t / ' W E D D E L L \ f * * / ts\ xr\ussR & SHETLAND>.Ra / / lj/ n,. a nn\J c y DDRONNING d y ^ j MAUD LAND E N D E R B Y \ ) y ^ / Is J C^x. ' S/ E A /CCA« « • * C",.,/? O AT S LrriATCN d I / LAND TV^ ANTARCTIC \V DrushsnRY,a«feneral Be|!rano ARG y\\ Mawson MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ \ aust /PENINSULA'5^ *^Rcjnne J <S\ (see map below) VliAr^PSobral arg \ ^ \ V D a v i s a u s t . 3_ Siple _ South Pole • | U SA l V M I IAmundsen-Scott I U I I U i L ' l I QUEEN MARY LAND ^Mir"Y {ViELLSWORTHTTH \ -^ USA / j ,pt USSR. ND \ *, \ Vfrs'L LAND *; / °VoStOk USSR./ ft' /"^/ A\ /■■"j■ - D:':-V ^%. J ^ , MARIE BYRD\Jx^:/ce She/f-V^ WILKES LAND ,-TERRE , LAND \y ADELIE ,'J GEORGE VLrJ --Dumont d'Urville france Leningradskaya USSR ,- 'BALLENY Is ANTARCTIC PENIMSULA 1 Teniente Matienzo arg 2 Esperanza arg 3 Almirante Brown arg 4 Petrel arg 5 Deception arg 6 Vicecomodoro Marambio arg ' ANTARCTICA 7 Arturo Prat chile 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 9 P r e s i d e n t e F r e i c h i l e : O 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 K i l o m e t r e s 10 Stonington I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Three-Dimensional Ring Current Decay Model I 5£
    A Three-Dimensional Ring Current Decay Model Mei-Ching Fok* and Thomas E. Moore Space Sciences Laboratory NASA / Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, AL 35812 Janet U. Kozyra Space Physics Research Laboratory Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences ^ The University of Michigan & ^ Ann Arbor, MI 48109 *l rS—o u5n vO O "0 o c o George C. Ho and Douglas C. Hamilton z => ° i Department of Physics, University of Maryland ^o College Park, MD 20742 £ 0) o 1 a. ! K </> ! UJ r- QC r- ! DC 13 i 5£ ; O tO Revised Version i 2 ^ a < QC • _i «/> tn :** < < ,0 Z Z ir~ o •*"-< , o >—i u f-4 V) 0) l^H Z -J -P >H LU LU C * ! I 3C 0 0) NAS/NRC Resident Research Associate s: «-< a u , K o s: III ** i < uj > x: w uu < en I < QC U — z x uu •- -^ I— o a. This work is an extension of a previous ring current decay model. In the previous work, a two-dimensional kinetic model was constructed to study the temporal variations of the equatorially mirroring ring current ions, considering charge exchange and Coulomb drag losses along drift paths in a magnetic dipole field. In this work, particles with arbitrary pitch angle are considered. By bounce averaging the kinetic equation of the phase space density, information along magnetic field lines can be inferred from the equator. The three-dimensional model is used to simulate the recovery phase of a model great magnetic storm, similar to that which occurred in early February 1986.
    [Show full text]
  • New Siple Station Ready for Winter Netosphere, and Interactions Between the Magnetosphere and the Iono- Sphere
    antarctic [I OFTHE IIUNITED J ES10 U STATES March 1979 National Science Foundation Volume XIV—Number 1 I - 1 -- .. F - IN.ESTON- NSF photo waves, the plasmapause, the mag- New Siple Station ready for winter netosphere, and interactions between the magnetosphere and the iono- sphere. Eight men will spend the coming austral winter in a new facility at Siple Station in Ellsworth Land. The new station is expected to function as a VLF probing of the magnetosphere year-round U.S. research platform until the late 1980s when, like old Siple can take place at other locations, but Station, it will have been buried beneath a crushing mass of snow and ice. it is done best along the geomagnetic The completion of the new station ahead of schedule and within budget, field lines that traverse the earths less than 3 years after the decision plasmapause. It is done most effi- ciently if the transmitter is located was made to replace the old station, geomagnetic lines of force through will enable upper atmosphere re- well above the ground surface so the plasmapause and return to earth there is minimal signal loss due to search at Siple to continue without in northeastern Canada where they interruption. ground absorption. Siple Station, are picked up at Siples conjugate located on top of an ice sheet over a The U.S. has maintained a station station in Roberval, Quebec. Scien- kilometer thick and at the optimum at Siple (75055S, 83 155W) since 1969 tists at both locations record what geomagnetic latitude, is therefore because it is the single best location in happens to the signals on their ideal for VLF research.
    [Show full text]
  • The Correlation of Solar Microwave and Soft X-Ray Radiation. Part 1-The
    General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) U. of Iowa 69-17 Dlstrloutlon ocTNTi -go's vinont Is unllmlted. -s i ^,,4 Vr- IT q D "06VNDED ISb~ ft 1VG9 s' 240 , a=IACCE6LI014^. NUMBZR) ITMRU)I 1 UIE ! lC EI a u /^v (' 71q IN1 A h h 5 MX-'J,04 AU NUMULN) ICATEDORY) I Department of Physics and Astronomy THE UNIVFftSITY OF IOWA Iowa City, Iowa 11 T , of 'T'. 't 1 ,. I The Correlation of Solar Microwave and Soft X-Ray Radiation 1. The Solar Cycle and Slowly varying Components -X-x Charles D. Wende Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 521240 March 1969 This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Resea,7ch under contract Nonr 1509(06), by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant(NsG 233-62'.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Astronauts
    PUBLISHED BY Public Affairs Divisio~l Washington. D.C. 20546 1983 IColor4-by-5 inch transpar- available free to information lead and sent to: Non-informstionmedia may obtain identical material for a fee through a photographic contractor by using the order forms in the rear of this book. These photqraphs are government publications-not subject to copyright They may not be used to state oiimply the endorsement by NASA or by any NASA employee of a commercial product piocess or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead. Accordingly, it is requested that if any photograph is used in advertising and other commercial promotion. layout and copy be submitted to NASA prior to release. Front cover: "Lift-off of the Columbia-STS-2 by artist Paul Salmon 82-HC-292 82-ti-304 r 8arnr;w u vowzn u)rorr ~ nsrvnv~~nrnno................................................ .-- Seasat .......................................................................... 197 Skylab 1 Selected Pictures .......................................................150 Skylab 2 Selected Pictures ........................................................ 151 Skylab 3 Selected Pictures ........................................................152 Skylab 4 Selected Pictures ........................................................ 153 SpacoColony ...................................................................183 Space Shuttle ...................................................................171 Space Stations ..................................................................198 \libinn 1 1f.d Apoiio 17/Earth 72-HC-928 72-H-1578 Apolb B/Earth Rise 68-HC-870 68-H-1401 Voyager ;//Saturn 81-HC-520 81-H-582 Voyager I/Ssturian System 80-HC-647 80-H-866 Voyager IN~lpiterSystem 79-HC-256 79-H-356 Viking 2 on Mars 76-HC-855 76-H-870 Apollo 11 /Aldrin 69-HC-1253 69-H-682 Apollo !I /Aldrin 69-HC-684 69-H-1255 STS-I /Young and Crippen 79-HC-206 79-H-275 STS-1- ! QTPLaunch of the Columbia" 82-HC-23 82-H-22 Major Launches NAME UUNCH VEHICLE MISSIONIREMARKS 1956 VANGUARD Dec.
    [Show full text]