Table of Artificial Satellites Launched in 1971
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The Highly Structured Outer Solar Corona
The Astrophysical Journal, 862:18 (18pp), 2018 July 20 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac8e3 © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. The Highly Structured Outer Solar Corona C. E. DeForest1 , R. A. Howard2 , M. Velli3 , N. Viall4 , and A. Vourlidas5,6 1 Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; [email protected] 2 Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA 3 University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 5 Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA Received 2018 March 6; revised 2018 April 28; accepted 2018 May 22; published 2018 July 18 Abstract We report on the observation of fine-scale structure in the outer corona at solar maximum, using deep-exposure campaign data from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-A (STEREO-A)/COR2 coronagraph coupled with postprocessing to further reduce noise and thereby improve effective spatial resolution. The processed images reveal radial structure with high density contrast at all observable scales down to the optical limit of the instrument, giving the corona a “woodgrain” appearance. Inferred density varies by an order of magnitude on spatial scales of 50 Mm and follows an f −1 spatial spectrum. The variations belie the notion of a smooth outer corona. They are inconsistent with a well-defined “Alfvén surface,” indicating instead a more nuanced “Alfvén zone”—a broad trans-Alfvénic region rather than a simple boundary. Intermittent compact structures are also present at all observable scales, forming a size spectrum with the familiar “Sheeley blobs” at the large-scale end. -
CR-/3017S B ORBITING SOLAR OBSERVATORY FINAL REPORT
4: it W::: 050-7 ~AS ACR-/3017s B ORBITING SOLAR OBSERVATORY FINAL REPORT N C) U2a ~ 0mU 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-4' W 10 ~~~~~~ -7 Ol C",.1-a -9- ---- o ' ocl '.-l Q) o QU2i~WL4cO 1-a . ), 3xr N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .~ tjir~ V I ed F7. 3 wUii rH1 _.1- ~~z,~~OULECORD r~ BALBOTESRSERHCRPRTO o~~~~~USDAY FBL OPRTO BOULDER, COLRAD I~ ~..... LDER-'COLOR.DO '-01 OSO-7 ORBITING SOLAR OBSERVATORY PROGRAM FINAL REPORT F72-01 December 31, 1972 PREPARED BY APPROVED BY OSO Program Staff J. O. Simpson Director, OSO Programs BALL BROTHERS RESEARCH CORPORATION SUBSIDIARY OF BALL CORPORATION BOULDER, COLORADO F72-01 PREFACE During the 1950's rapid progress was made in solar physics and in instrument and space hardware technology, using rocket and balloon flights that, although of brief duration, provided a view of the sun free from the obscuring atmosphere. The significance of data from these flights confirmed the often-asserted value of long-term observations from a spacecraft in advancing our knowledge of the sun's behavior. Thus, the first of NASA's space platforms designed for long-term observations of the universe from above the atmosphere was planned, and the Orbiting Solar Observatory program started in 1959. Solar physics data return began with the launch of OSO-1 in March of 1962. OSO-2 and OSO-3 were launched in 1965, OSO-4 and OS0-5 in 1967, OSO-6 in 1969, and the most recent, OSO-7/, was launched on September 29, 1971. All seven OSO's have been highly successful both in scientific data return and in per- formance of the engineering systems. -
Satellite Situation Report
NASA Office of Public Affairs Satellite Situation Report VOLUME 17 NUMBER 6 DECEMBER 31, 1977 (NASA-TM-793t5) SATELLITE SITUATION~ BEPORT, N8-17131 VOLUME 17, NO. 6 (NASA) 114 F HC A06/mF A01 CSCL 05B Unclas G3/15 05059 Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland NOTICE .THIS DOCUMENT HAS'BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CERTAIN PORTIONS' ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RELEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE. OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS GCDDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION VOLUME 17 NO. 6 DECEMBER 31, 1977 SATELLITE SITUATION REPORT THIS REPORT IS PUBLIShED AND DISTRIBUTED BY THE OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, GSFC. GODPH DRgP2 FE I T ERETAO5MUJS E SMITHSONIAN ASTRCPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY. SPACEFLIGHT TRACKING AND DATA NETWORK. NOTE: The Satellite Situation Report dated October 31, 1977, contained an entry in the "Objects Decayed Within the Reporting Period" that 1977 042P, object number 10349, decayed on September 21, 1977. That entry was in error. The object is still in orbit. SPACE OBJECTS BOX SCORE OBJECTS IN ORBIT DECAYED OBJECTS AUSTRALIA I I CANACA 8 0 ESA 4 0 ESRO 1 9 FRANCE 54 26 FRANCE/FRG 2 0 FRG 9 3 INCIA 1 0 INDONESIA 2 0 INTERNATIONAL TELECOM- MUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION (ITSO) 22 0 ITALY 1 4 JAPAN 27 0 NATC 4 0 NETHERLANDS 0 4 PRC 6 14 SPAIN 1 0 UK 11 4 US 2928 1523 USSR 1439 4456 TOTAL 4E21 6044 INTER- CBJECTS IN ORIT NATIONAL CATALOG PERIOD INCLI- APOGEE PERIGEE TQANSMITTTNG DESIGNATION NAME NUMBER SOURCE LAUNCH MINUTES NATION KM. -
University of Iowa Instruments in Space
University of Iowa Instruments in Space A-D13-089-5 Wind Van Allen Probes Cluster Mercury Earth Venus Mars Express HaloSat MMS Geotail Mars Voyager 2 Neptune Uranus Juno Pluto Jupiter Saturn Voyager 1 Spaceflight instruments designed and built at the University of Iowa in the Department of Physics & Astronomy (1958-2019) Explorer 1 1958 Feb. 1 OGO 4 1967 July 28 Juno * 2011 Aug. 5 Launch Date Launch Date Launch Date Spacecraft Spacecraft Spacecraft Explorer 3 (U1T9)58 Mar. 26 Injun 5 1(U9T68) Aug. 8 (UT) ExpEloxrpelro r1e r 4 1915985 8F eJbu.l y1 26 OEGxOpl o4rer 41 (IMP-5) 19697 Juunlye 2 281 Juno * 2011 Aug. 5 Explorer 2 (launch failure) 1958 Mar. 5 OGO 5 1968 Mar. 4 Van Allen Probe A * 2012 Aug. 30 ExpPloiorenre 3er 1 1915985 8M Oarc. t2. 611 InEjuxnp lo5rer 45 (SSS) 197618 NAouvg.. 186 Van Allen Probe B * 2012 Aug. 30 ExpPloiorenre 4er 2 1915985 8Ju Nlyo 2v.6 8 EUxpKlo 4r e(rA 4ri1el -(4IM) P-5) 197619 DJuenc.e 1 211 Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission / 1 * 2015 Mar. 12 ExpPloiorenre 5e r 3 (launch failure) 1915985 8A uDge.c 2. 46 EPxpiolonreeerr 4130 (IMP- 6) 19721 Maarr.. 313 HMEaRgCnIe CtousbpeShaetr i(cF oMxu-1ltDis scaatelell itMe)i ssion / 2 * 2021081 J5a nM. a1r2. 12 PionPeioenr e1er 4 1915985 9O cMt.a 1r.1 3 EExpxlpolorerer r4 457 ( S(IMSSP)-7) 19721 SNeopvt.. 1263 HMaalogSnaett oCsupbhee Sriact eMlluitlet i*scale Mission / 3 * 2021081 M5a My a2r1. 12 Pioneer 2 1958 Nov. 8 UK 4 (Ariel-4) 1971 Dec. 11 Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission / 4 * 2015 Mar. -
Information Summaries
TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical -
AERONET Annual Review
AERONET Annual Review Colleagues, your AERONET sun and sky scanning network has continued to be a valued resource for basic aerosol research, satellite validation, global and regional aerosol model validation and synergism with field campaigns, in situ and RS observations. Following is my tome on our current state, issues we are facing and plans for the future. 1.0 Introduction and News 2.0 Calibration 3.0 Issues 4.0 Future Developments 5.0 Related Initiatives **Note** Wayne Newcomb, our good friend and primary person responsible for keeping instruments functional network wide and maintaining the swapout rotation through the system among many other things, has made progress in his battle with cancer. After two weeks on life support and multiple surgeries, he’s breathing on his own, talking and is annoyed that he wasn’t able to vote. We’re encouraged by his determination and strength. We need everyone’s help to fill the void left by his absence. We especially need everyone’s support to keep their equipment running in the field. Please see the proactive site manager section under ‘3.0 Issues’. 1.0 Introduction and News I’m very happy to announce the third AERONET workshop and conference to be held in mid August 2009 at or near Hangzhou, China. Although the details will be forthcoming in the months ahead, the plan is for a combined technical and training forum and aerosol science conference that will emphasize surface, airborne and satellite research with several themes. Our host and organizer will be Prof. Jiang Hong of Zhejiang Forestry University and facilitated by Prof. -
A Journey of Exploration to the Polar Regions of a Star: Probing the Solar
Experimental Astronomy manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) A journey of exploration to the polar regions of a star: probing the solar poles and the heliosphere from high helio-latitude Louise Harra · Vincenzo Andretta · Thierry Appourchaux · Fr´ed´eric Baudin · Luis Bellot-Rubio · Aaron C. Birch · Patrick Boumier · Robert H. Cameron · Matts Carlsson · Thierry Corbard · Jackie Davies · Andrew Fazakerley · Silvano Fineschi · Wolfgang Finsterle · Laurent Gizon · Richard Harrison · Donald M. Hassler · John Leibacher · Paulett Liewer · Malcolm Macdonald · Milan Maksimovic · Neil Murphy · Giampiero Naletto · Giuseppina Nigro · Christopher Owen · Valent´ın Mart´ınez-Pillet · Pierre Rochus · Marco Romoli · Takashi Sekii · Daniele Spadaro · Astrid Veronig · W. Schmutz Received: date / Accepted: date L. Harra PMOD/WRC, Dorfstrasse 33, CH-7260 Davos Dorf and ETH-Z¨urich, Z¨urich, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-9457-6200 V. Andretta INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy E-mail: vin- [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0003-1962-9741 T. Appourchaux Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Universit´e Paris–Saclay, France; E-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-1790-1951 F. Baudin Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Universit´e Paris–Saclay, France; E-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-6213-6382 L. Bellot Rubio Inst. de Astrofisica de Andaluc´ıa, Granada Spain A.C. Birch Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 G¨ottingen, Germany; E-mail: arXiv:2104.10876v1 [astro-ph.SR] 22 Apr 2021 [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-6612-3861 P. Boumier Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Universit´e Paris–Saclay, France; E-mail: 2 Louise Harra et al. -
Cluster-C1 Observations on the Geometrical Structure of Linear Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind at 1 AU
Ann. Geophys., 28, 1695–1702, 2010 www.ann-geophys.net/28/1695/2010/ Annales doi:10.5194/angeo-28-1695-2010 Geophysicae © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Cluster-C1 observations on the geometrical structure of linear magnetic holes in the solar wind at 1 AU T. Xiao1,2, Q. Q. Shi1,3, T. L. Zhang4, S. Y. Fu3, L. Li1, Q. G. Zong3, Z. Y. Pu3, L. Xie3, W. J. Sun1, Z. X. Liu2, E. Lucek5, and H. Reme6,7 1School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China 2State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China 4Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8042 Graz, Austria 5Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK 6CESR, UPS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France 7UMR 5187, CNRS, Toulouse, France Received: 8 October 2009 – Revised: 1 June 2010 – Accepted: 16 July 2010 – Published: 20 September 2010 Abstract. Interplanetary linear magnetic holes (LMHs) are 1 Introduction structures in which the magnetic field magnitude decreases with little change in the field direction. They are a 10– Magnetic holes (MHs), also called magnetic decreases 30% subset of all interplanetary magnetic holes (MHs). Us- (MDs), are structures in interplanetary space with significant ing magnetic field and plasma measurements obtained by decreases in the magnetic field magnitude (e.g., Turner et Cluster-C1, we surveyed the LMHs in the solar wind at 1 AU. al., 1977; Winterhalter et al., 1994; Tsurutani and Ho, 1999; In total 567 interplanetary LMHs are identified from the Stevens and Kasper, 2007; Vasquez et al., 2007; Tsurutani magnetic field data when Cluster-C1 was in the solar wind et al., 2009). -
Orbital Debris: a Chronology
NASA/TP-1999-208856 January 1999 Orbital Debris: A Chronology David S. F. Portree Houston, Texas Joseph P. Loftus, Jr Lwldon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas David S. F. Portree is a freelance writer working in Houston_ Texas Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv Preface ........................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................ ix The Chronology ............................................................................................................. 1 1961 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1962 ......................................................................................................................... 5 963 ......................................................................................................................... 5 964 ......................................................................................................................... 6 965 ......................................................................................................................... 6 966 ........................................................................................................................ -
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1971 Activities NOTE TO READERS: ALL PRINTED PAGES ARE INCLUDED, UNNUMBERED BLANK PAGES DURING SCANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECK HAVE BEEN DELETED Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 197 I Activities i W Executive Office of the President National Aeronautics and Space Council Washington, D.C. 20502 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE OF TRANSMITTAL To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit herewith a report of our national progress in aero- nautics and space activities during 1971. This report shows that we have made forward strides toward each of the six objectives which I set forth for a balanced space program in my statement of March 7, 1970. Aided by the improvements we have made in mobility, our explorers on the moon last summer produced new, exciting and useful evidence on the structure and origin of the moon. Several phenomena which they uncovered are now under study. Our unmanned nearby observation of Mars is similarly valuable and significant for the advancement of science. During 1971, we gave added emphasis to aeronautics activities which contribute substantially to improved travel conditions, safety and security, and we gained in- creasing recognition that space and aeronautical research serves in many ways to keep us in the forefront of man’s technological achievements. There can be little doubt that the investments we are now making in explora- tions of the unknown are but a prelude to the accomplishments of mankind in future generations. THEWHITE HOUSE, March 1972 iii Table of Contents Page Page I . Progress Toward U.S. -
The Rae Table of Earth Satellites 1957-1986 the Rae Table Ofearth Satellites
THE RAE TABLE OF EARTH SATELLITES 1957-1986 THE RAE TABLE OFEARTH SATELLITES 1957-1986 compiled at The Royal Aircraft Establishment, Famborough, Hants, England by D.G. King-Dele, FRS, D.M.C. Walker, PhD, J.A. Pilkington, BSc, A.N. Winterbottom, H. Hiller, BSc and G.E. Perry, MBE The Table is a chronological list of the 2869 launches of satellites and space vehicles between 1957 and the end of 1986, giving the name and international designation of each satellite and its associated rocket(s), with the date of launch, lifetime (actual or estimated), mass, shape, dimensions and at least one set of orbital parameters. Other fragments associated with a launch, and space vehicles that escape from the Earth's influence, are given without details. Including fragments, more than 17000 satellites appear in the 893 pages of the tabulation, and there is a full Index. M TOCKTON S P R E S S © Crown copyright 1981, 1983, 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 1987 978-0-333-39275-1 Published by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Published in the United States and Canada by STOCKTON PRESS, 1987 15 East 26th Street, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The R.A.E. table of earth satellites, 1957-1986. Rev. ed. of: The RAE table of earth satellites, 1957- 1980. 2nd ed. 1981. 1. Artificial satellites- Registers. -
Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District.