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Revising Usnvc Longleaf Pine Groups

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possible without the many volunteers who par=cipated in Carolina Vegetaon Survey PULSE events. Weakley, and Thomas Wentworth for par=cipaon in the analysis. This work would not have been Acknowledgements: ANALYTICAL APPROACH BACKGROUND AND GOALS for effec=ve conservaon and management. adequate descrip=on of these units is cri=cal are represented by ~120 Associaons and • using this standard. • publicly-available plot data. Associaons be based on analysis of mandates that USNVC Alliances and • classificaon system for the US (Fig. 1). • CLASSIFICATION METHODS: proper=es for 90% of plots. Florida. DATA: established qualitavely-defined vegetaon types. Provide an example of use of plot data and quan=tave methods to revise the consistent analy=cal approach to document vegetaon-environment relaonships. GOALS Longleaf pine ( To date, few types have been defined The Federal Geographic Data CommiMee The USNVC is a hierarchical vegetaon 1101 longleaf pine vegetaon plots (100 to 1000 m : Revise the USNVC longleaf pine Groups, Alliances, and Associaons using a For each plot: presence of all vascular plant species and cover class codes. Soil mulple cluster numbers (2 to the number of exisng types) Agglomera've hierarchical clustering with fleXible β and Explore environmental-vegetaon Interpret clusters, map them onto eXisng types in the Presence-absence data Generate constancy tables for each type and idenfy NMDS and mean soil proper'es for each cluster Look for agreement between presence-absence & diagnosc species using indicator species analysis Cluster validaon: optpart and silhouee width We thank the US Geologic Survey for financial support and Susan Carr, Alan Pinus palustris abundance-weighted clustering soluons Robert K. Peet (University of North Carolina) A case study using longleaf pine ( USNVC or designate new types U=lized to define Groups, Alliances, and Associaons. Advancing the Descrip'on and Management of the Na'on’s Ecosystems U.S. Na'onal Vegeta'on Classifica'on: ) woodlands Abundance data rela'onships Fig. 1. USNVC classifica'on scheme. 2 ) distributed from Virginia to NMDS 3 NMDS 2 Revising the USNVC using quan'ta've methods and plot data: -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 using D) SC-GA: NMS1&3 D) SC-GA: A) NC-SC:NMS1&2 -6 -4 r100 Silt.B 7125 4492 7127 7844 Sand.B r1 -4 -2 pH -2 Long NMDS 1 NMDS 1 0 Lat CEC.B STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP 0 pH.B 2 Ca.B Sand.B Long 2 Sand Lat 3 2 1 4 6 5 4 4 , Kyle A. Palmquist (University of Wyoming), and Michael Schafale (North Carolina Natural Heritage Program) 3586 3577 3589 3592 3590 3584 6 6 Height NMDS 2 NMDS 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 4492). Two are new Associa'ons (7127, 7125) that have some composi'onal affini'es (≠) with previously defined types. Table 1. Two clusters within the SC-GA Alliance represent modest (=) and significant (~) levels of refinement of eXis'ng Associa'ons (7844, -5 0 5 10 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES A CASE STUDY - REVISING ASSOCIATIONS OF G154: XERIC LONGLEAF PINE WOODLAND A CASE STUDY - REVISING USNVC LONGLEAF PINE GROUPS (G154, G009, G190, G596) Fig. 2. Plots first sorted into coarse types based on geography (NC-SC, SC-GA, FL-GA), not we had to use both the clustering solu'on and eXpert opinion to parse plots into Groups. according to Groups, due to high geographic turnover in species composi'on. As a result, 001−01−0203 001−01−0206 CEGL 001−05−0207 001−05−0208 -8 4492 7844 7125 7127 001−05−0206 geographic bins that correspond to Alliances (NC-SC, SC-GA, FL-GA). called a CEGL) that represent Xeric and subXeric longleaf pine vegeta'on (G154) within three Fig. 4. Iden'fied 178 plots and 17 Associa'ons (each iden'fied with a unique 4 digit code 044−02−0605 044−09−0607 044−04−0610 044−09−0605 112−04−1381 B) NC-SC:NMS1&3 112−04−1382 USNVC and recogni=on for these scholarly contribu=ons. Opportunity: data-driven descrip=ons that are useful for the management, conservaon, and basic science sectors. Opportunity: but it may simply be the result of con=nuous variaon in vegetaon. Challenge: are available, variaon in field protocols and taxonomic standards makes data integraon difficult. Challenge: Challenge: 128−04−1482 044−04−0611 E) FL-GA: NMS1&2 E) FL-GA: 044−09−0606 112−04−1380 003−01−0084 044−02−0604 NMDS 3 NMDS 2 003−03−0086 044−07−0614 r100 044−07−0608 075−01−1006 028−01−0059 STEP 067−CROA−33 028−01−0060 STEPS 1-3 003−01−0108 Pinus palustris 003−05−0122 STEPS 1-4 003−0R−0071 003−01−0109 089−01−1233 089−04−1235 089−01−1235 002−01−0042 088−07−1206 003−02−0082 -10 003−03−0085 044−07−0613 044−09−0603 044−09−0602 003−06−0101 016−01−0078 016−01−0079 003−0R−0072 003−0R−0073 -6 002−01−0003 002−02−0003 3586 3577 3589 3592 3590 3584 002−02−0004 002−04−0011 pH.B 002−02−0040 015−0R−0002 015−0R−0009 002−01−0008 002−06−0035 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 002−01−0033 002−05−0035 002−04−0001 002−04−0004 015−0R−0006 002−01−0035 002−02−0032 002−02−0030 002−05−0001 002−05−0030 002−05−0020 002−02−0011 002−05−0022 002−04−0032 003−01−0077 Ca.B 003−03−0106 064−04−0958 003−07−0075 D) SC-GA: NMS1&3 D) SC-GA: A) NC-SC:NMS1&2 r1 016−01−0077 003−01−0085 003−07−0078 14 075−04−1007 003−01−0080 003−02−0079 003−06−0078 003−04−0078 N 003−06−0102 075−04−1008 7 7 3 002−01−0009 002−04−0006 -4 002−04−0035 002−03−0034 002−03−0035 002−01−0037 002−04−0036 002−05−0039 015−0R−0019 -6 -4 002−04−0005 003−02−0083 003−01−0054 r100 003−02−0054 003−01−0060 pH 003−02−0064 003−02−0062 003−02−0063 Silt.B 003−07−0053 Long 116−08−0003 116−08−0005 003−03−0052 -5 003−05−0055 7125 4492 7127 7844 003−02−0052 003−05−0052 003−05−0051 003−04−0051 003−04−0052 003−04−0054 003−06−0051 5 002−01−0004 002−02−0006 002−05−0009 Licania michauxii Pinus palustris scoparium Pinus palustris / Schizachyrium scoparium Pinus palustris / Quercus laevis – Quercus geminata pauciflosculosa / Aristida purpurascens Pinus palustris / Quercus laevis / Chrysoma Current Quantitative Association 002−02−0038 002−02−0034 015−0R−0010 015−0R−0020 Sand.B 015−0R−0023 128−11−1470 015−0R−0036 015−0R−0038 128−04−1472 015−0R−0037 -2 015−0R−0039 128−05−1474 128−05−1476 111−02−1351 002−02−0035 002−05−0034 002−03−0031 NMDS 1 128−04−1483 002−02−0039 NMDS 1 002−04−0037 r1 -4 002−05−0040 002−04−0002 002−04−0033 002−06−0031 002−05−0010 015−0R−0018 015−0R−0047 002−01−0006 Silt.B -2 002−04−0009 002−02−0007 015−0R−0001 015−0R−0003 002−02−0002 002−05−0002 002−05−0005 Sand.B 002−01−0041 pH Quan=tavely defined units o]en do not map cleanly on to exis=ng types. This discordance may indicate a need to correct the boundaries of types, In many regions, publicly-available vegetaon plot data are limited and are largely unavailable from disturbed or managed lands. Where plot data 002−05−0033 002−04−0038 002−02−0008 002−04−0010 002−03−0002 002−01−0040 015−0R−0005 Exis=ng USNVC units vary in their origin, level of clarity and focus, and the amount of data, analysis, and experience behind them. 015−0R−0007 002−02−0009 028−01−0128 003−01−0044 003−05−0101 015−0R−0008 003−01−0100 003−02−0100 003−04−0100 0 003−05−0100 0 002−01−0031 002−04−0040 002−02−0033 002−05−0004 002−05−0032 003−04−0044 002−02−0001 002−02−0031 002−05−0031 002−06−0034 002−03−0003 -2 002−05−0012 Long 003−01−0103 003−04−0102 003−02−0102 082−04−1106 The broader user community is empowered to submit formal proposals for revision of vegetaon types, thereby leading to improvement of the 002−02−0036 002−04−0031 NC-SC 002−05−0036 002−06−0030 002−03−0033 002−04−0030 NMDS 1 NMDS 1 002−04−0003 002−05−0007 The 002−05−0008 003−02−0101 003−04−0101 002−01−0014 110−04−1300 063−02−0929 0 Lat 002−02−0037 003−02−0053 Lat 003−05−0058 044−04−0608 088−04−1203 064−09−0955 CEC.B 067−CROA−21 067−CROA−22 2 016−01−0036 016−01−0037 044−06−0608 044−07−0610 044−09−0604 003−01−0058 003−04−0058 003−05−0060 003−06−0052 003−02−0058 003−04−0059 116−08−0001 003−02−0059 003−01−0083 003−02−0076 003−05−0063 003−06−0055 002−01−0030 003−05−0104 0 027−04−0561 003−01−0112 088−02−1203 pH.B 088−04−1200 002−01−0043 5 002−02−0041 003−05−0110 003−01−0107 – 003−03−0103 003−04−0105 003−07−0100 003−02−0105 015−0R−0029 015−0R−0030 015−0R−0031 015−0R−0033 015−0R−0034 016−01−0002 068−FRMA−6 016−01−0007 016−01−0010 4 USNVC documents ecological context using a common language.
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  • Illustration Sources

    Illustration Sources

    APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission.
  • Florida Scrub Is a Plant Community Easily Recognized

    Florida Scrub Is a Plant Community Easily Recognized

    Florida Scrub Including Scrubby Flatwoods and Scrubby High Pine lorida scrub is a plant community easily recognized FNAI Global Rank: G2/G3 by the dominance of evergreen shrubs and frequent FNAI State Rank: S2 Fpatches of bare, white sand. With more than two Federally Listed Species in S. FL: 32 dozen threatened and endangered species dependent upon scrub, the entire community is itself endangered. Recovery State Listed Species in S. FL: 100 of the community and its associated plants and animals will depend upon land acquisition and effective land Florida scrub. Original photograph courtesy of The management. Nature Conservancy. Synonymy Florida scrub in its various phases has been called xeric scrub, sand scrub, big scrub, sand pine scrub, oak scrub, evergreen oak scrub, dune oak scrub, evergreen scrub forest, slash pine scrub, palmetto scrub, rosemary scrub, and rosemary bald. Florida scrubs may be classified as coastal or interior. Scrubs are often named by the dominant plant species, as in rosemary scrub, sand pine scrub, palmetto scrub, or oak scrub. Some authors have confused closed-canopy forests of sand pine trees with scrub. Scrubs that are very recent in origin, usually a result of mans activities, are called pioneer scrubs. Communities intermediate between scrub and pine flatwoods have been called dry or xeric flatwoods but now are referred to as scrubby flatwoods. Communities intermediate between scrub and high pine have been called southern ridge sandhills, hickory scrub, yellow sand scrub, turkey oak scrub, turkey oak barrens, and natural turkey oak barrens, but probably are best referred to as scrubby high pine.