Schuman Report on Europe
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SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE STATE OF THE UNION 2011 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong London Milan Tokyo SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE STATE OF THE UNION 2011 by the Robert Schuman Foundation for Springer Verlag Publication edited by Thierry Chopin and Michel Foucher Publication edited by Thierry Chopin and Michel Foucher Translated by Rachel Ischoffen, Helen Levy and Kaenas O'Connor ISBN: 978-2-8178-0221-3 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York © Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2011 Printed in France Springer-Verlag France is a member of the group Springer Science + Business Media Original title: "Le Rapport Schuman sur l'Europe 2011, l'état de l'Union" © Éditions Lignes de Repères, 2011 3, rue de Téhéran - 75008 Paris Site internet: www.lignes-de-reperes.com ISBN: 978-2-915752-66-3 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permissions for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: Jean-François MONTMARCHÉ Schuman Report on Europe, State of the Union 2011 is a collective work created on the of the Robert Schuman Foundation according to article 9 of the law no. 57-298 11th March 1957 and article L.113-2 paragraph 3 of the intellectual property code. This work has been published with the support of the Centre for European Studies. “The Centre for European Studies” (CES) is the offi cial think tank of the European People’s Party (EPP) dedi- cated to the promotion of Christian Democrat, conservative and similar political values. For more information consult: www.thinkingeurope.eu. This publication receives funding from the European Parliament. The European Parliament and the Centre for European Studies assume no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication or their subse- quent use. Sole responsibility lies with the author for this publication.” Table of Content Preface Wilfried Martens ....................................................................................................... 19 Jean-Dominique Giuliani ......................................................................................... 21 1. The European Union in the Crisis: between National Imperatives and European Interest The European Union and Crises : the Albatross Syndrome (Jean-Dominique Giuliani) ............................................................................... 23 Germany 20 years after its Reunifi cation: which Role and Place does it Occupy in Europe? (Joachim Bitterlich) ............................................... 29 Europe and the Need to Decide: Is European Political Leadership Possible? (Thierry Chopin) ............................................................................................... 33 European Public Opinion and the Crisis: Which Impact on the European Union? (Magali Balent) .................................................................................................. 39 The Rise of Populism in Europe: Which Answers ? (Roland Freudenstein) ....................................................................................... 47 2. The Financial Crisis: What Kind of Recovery is Possible? The Economic and Financial Crisis by the European Union: lessons to be learned : Upheaval and Rescue (Jean-Marc Daniel) ..................... 51 Towards a New Framework for Monetary Policy (Jacques de Larosière) ............. 55 An Outlook on the European Budget : From Financial Solidarity to Budgetary Solidarity? (Alain Lamassoure) .................................................... 61 Europe’s Industrial Ambition (Philippe Camus) .................................................. 65 The Price of Uncertainty: the European Economy and Speculation (Jean-François Jamet) ........................................................................................ 69 Filling the Sustainability Gap in the EU after the Crisis (Roel Beetsma and Raymond Gradus) .............................................................. 73 3. The EU, a World Player European Trade Policy: Countering Protectionism and Dumping (Anne-Marie Idrac) ............................................................................................ 79 The Common Security and Defence Policy: Decline or Transition? (Arnaud Danjean) ............................................................................................. 83 8 – SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE The Europeans, their Defence and their External Action: Structural Disarmament or Strategic Re-Engagement? (Michel Foucher) ................................................ 89 The European Union and the Threat of al-Qaeda (Jean-Pierre Filiu) .................. 93 4. Interview Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council ................................. 97 5. Overview of Political and Legal Europe European Voters Confi rm the Decline in European Social Democracy and the Rise of Populism (Corinne Deloy) ....................................................... 105 Elections in the European Union and the Candidate Countries in 2011 (Corinne Deloy) ................................................................................................ 111 Women’s Europe (Pascale Joannin) ...................................................................... 113 Legislative Production of the Union in 2010. “The Start of a New Cycle” (Pierre-Antoine Molina) .................................................................................... 123 European Protection of Human Rights in 2010 : Towards a United Human Rights Europe (Olivier Dord) ............................................................................ 129 6. The European Union in Statistics (Franck Lirzin and Sebastian Paulo) .......... 135 List of Maps 1957-2011 : European Integration Territories of Europe The Arc of Crisis Germany, 20 years after the Reunifi cation: Political Aspects (1) – General Elections Germany, 20 years after the Reunifi cation: Political Aspects (2) – Regional Elections Germany, 20 years after the Reunifi cation: Economic Aspects European Public Opinion and the Social Effects of the Crisis European Public Opinion and the EU during the Crisis Populism in Europe Crisis in Europe, 2010 Infl ation and Interest Rates in Europe Industry in the EU Member States Foreign Direct Investments Public Finances of European States The European Union in World Trade: Trade Agreements World Security: European Union Intervention and Participation Towards European Defence The Consequences of the Crisis on European Defence Terrorist Acts in the European Union, 2007-2009 Political Europe in 2011 Women’s Europe External Migrations Internal Migrations The EU and World Trade in Goods: Trade in Merchandise, in 2010 Intra-Community Trade, 2009 Energy Reserves and Generation Euro Map European Union Budget, 2010 SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE The State of the Union 2011 Publication edited by Thierry CHOPIN and Michel FOUCHER Contributors to this book: Magali Balent, Roel Beetsma, Joachim Bitterlich, Michael Borchard, Philippe Camus, Thierry Chopin, Jean-Marc Daniel, Arnaud Danjean, Corinne Deloy, Olivier Dord, Jean-Pierre Filiu, Michel Foucher, Roland Freudenstein, Jean-Dominique Giuliani, Raymond Gradus, Anne-Marie Idrac, Jean-François Jamet, Pascale Joannin, Alain Lamassoure, Jacques de Larosière, Franck Lirzin, Wilfried Martens, Pierre-Antoine Molina, Sebastian Paulo, Herman Van Rompuy. Contributors Texts Magali Balent PhD in International Relations from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Internationales (HEI, Geneva); at present she is the manager for External Projects and Partnerships for the Robert Schuman Foundation. She is a specialist of the European far right; she lectures at the Institute for Political Studies (Sciences Po) Paris. Roel Beetsma Professor of Macro-economics and Chairman of the Economics Department at the University of Amsterdam; he was the Senior Economist at the Dutch Ministry for the Economy and Visiting Professor at the Research Centre DELTA (CNRS-ENS-EHESS, Paris), at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver) and at the University of California (Berkeley). Former associate editor of the European Economic Review, he is a member of the editorial committee of the Journal of Economic Literature. Consultant for the IMF, the ECB, the European Commission, the Netherlands Central Bank and the Dutch Finance Ministry, he is also member of the supervisory board of BNG Capital Management at The Hague and was a member of the Dutch Retirement Committee. Joachim Bitterlich Joachim Bitterlich is a German Ambassador (retired) and former diplomatic and security advisor to Chancellor Helmut Kohl. In February 2003 he joined Veolia Environment as