DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis Holocaust Memorial 06 02-2010 Senza Abstract

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis Holocaust Memorial 06 02-2010 Senza Abstract 1 2 A MONUMENTAL MOCKERY The Construction of the National Holocaust Memorial in Berlin Simone Mangos Berlin 2007 3 4 LONSDALE brandishing youth on top of the memorial stelae. 2007 [Das Denkmal] wird von den Berlinerinnen und Berlinern, [...] und besonders auch von der jüngeren Generation angenommen wie kaum eine zweite Erinnerungsstätte. Vor allem aber: Es trägt dauerhaft zu einer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Holocaust als einem Teil unserer Geschichte bei, dem wir uns stellen. The memorial is accepted in a way unlike any other commemorative place by the Berliners, [...] and in particular also by the younger generation . But most of all: it contributes to a coming to terms with of the Holocaust as a part of our history to which we admit. — Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit. 10 August 2007, congratulatory address on the occasion of Peter Eisenman’s 75th bithday 5 Bilanz nach mehr als sechzig Jahren: Hitler, und was der Name symbolisiert, ist wohl militärisch, aber immer noch nicht geistig geschlagen, die zeitgenössische Variante des Nationalsozialismus dabei, sich parlamentarisch dauerhaft zu etablieren, und die Zahl der rechtsextremen Anschläge höher denn je. Was heftig an den mir von den Nazis injizierten Fluchtinstink appelliert — Deutschland ist mit seiner Hakenkreuzgeschichte nicht im reinen. — Ralph Giordano, Erinnerungen eines Davongekommenen , 2007 6 CONTENTS Acknowledgements 8 Introduction 11 1. The origins of the German Holocaust Memorial 19 2. Silent liquidation – deliberate deceit 34 3. Die Ministergärten – a brief historical background 68 4. On ruinous foundations – the casting of the Foundation for the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe 76 5. Faulty Towers – the commencement of building a Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe 95 6. Thierse’s tactics, Thierse’s tricks 99 7. Licht gegen das Vergessen – Light against forgetting 110 8. Den Holocaust hat es nie gegeben – The Holocaust never happened 114 9. Thierse’s treason 137 10. All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others 144 11. Degussa’s long-term reference-object 155 12. Toothache 196 13. Un monument à elle toute seule 210 14. So macht die Shoah richtig Spaß 227 15. Ears, eyes and mouths well shut 250 16. Bagatelles pour un massacre 266 17. Conclusions 274 List of illustrations 296 Abbreviations and terms 298 Bibliography 300 7 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The origins of my research took place already in 1988, when I arrived in Berlin as an artist-in-residence. Living next to the Berlin Wall, and exploring its length, I came across what appeared to be an abandoned yet highly charged vacant lot. The site, with its illegible vandalized information signs, piles of twisted rubble and semi-excavated ruins, inspired my very first exhibition in this strange city. The Prinz-Albrecht-Gelände was situated at the southern end of Wilhelmstrasse. Abruptly cut off by the Berlin Wall, the road’s extension continued beyond, renamed in East Berlin as Otto-Grotewohl-Strasse. The terrain slated for the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe, some ten years later, lay at the northern end of this extension. Writing about an artwork within the complex of the Holocaust and contemporary Germany, apart from the irrefutable historical facts, is essentially interpretive. The presumption of ‘scientific’ precision within this complex would be entirely inappropriate if not dishonest. As I have written this text for an English speaking audience, certain definitions became necessary, which are otherwise self-explanatory in Germany. Not having trained formally as a historian (but neither did Herodotus or Winston Churchill), I am indebted to the many historians and authors who have inspired my inquiry. These include Christopher Browning, Mary Fulbrook, Timothy Garton Ash and Anna Funder. I am grateful in particular to Ernst Klee, Ulf Schmidt and Henry Friedlander for their extraordinary and courageous examples. 9 I am thankful to Harald Fricke for the initial discussions about the language which composed the memorial-debates, as well as a collaborative book project, all of which planted the seeds of my research. My inquiry was prompted in part by my skepticism of the success to be derived from the way in which the project was being debated. Something seemed fundamentally wrong with the discussions around the Memorial. For example: Despite the ten-year long debate about the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin, a shared fundamental understanding of why the memorial would be built and who — which people — it was being created for, had still not been made clear. It remained a confused issue, obfuscated under a deluge of circuitous argument. As late as 1999, the instigator of the memorial stated: “We only just wanted a memorial for the Jews.” This term became common in Berlin to refer to the project, yet, as tension mounted during the subsequent construction process, the weekly journal Die Zeit suddenly reprimanded in alarm “now, yet again, many people in Berlin believe that a memorial ‘for the Jews’ is being built”. It is a memorial “for the non-Jewish Germans”, corrected Jörg Lau. Consequently, this definition was readily adopted by many Berliners. Hence, at a later moment in a conversation with art critic Brigitte Werneburg, I once casually referred to the ‘Jewish Memorial’ in passing, in a bid to abbreviate the official pedantic title of the monument. “No,” she quickly admonished, “it is not for the Jews, it is for the Non-Jewish Germans! And that is where everybody gets it wrong.” The lack of a shared understanding of this fundamental starting point, the dedication and reason for the memorial and more specifically — in whose interests it was being built —, remained unresolved. Take the example of what is referred to as a war memorial. We understand that a war memorial is not dedicated to war but to those (usually the armed forces) who lost their lives to defend their nation and or concepts of freedom and democracy. Similarly, the term ‘Jewish Memorial’ is not 10 offensive and can be used to describe a monument in commemoration of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. The fact that this basic self-evident understanding simply does not and cannot exist in Germany is part of the underlying trouble enmeshed in the entire fraught enterprise. The 20,000 square metres concrete outcrop ‘Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe’, inaugurated in 2005 remains to this day without a sign or plaque indicating its purpose. I wish to thank the University of New South Wales and the College of Fine Arts for their support in the form of a research grant. Thanks also go to the staff at the University for their patience and cooperation in supporting my project. I especially wish to thank Ian Howard. I would also like to acknowledge the spontaneously generous and untiring support given by Peter R. Fuchs from the Landesdenkmalamt in Berlin. I offer warm thanks to the helpful staff at the Büro für Geophysik Lorenz, and in particular Bernhard Lorenz. I am especially grateful to Ludger Derenthal at the Museum für Fotografie for his open-mindedness and support. For his untiring interest, scrupulous observations, intellectual, historical and literary insights and precision, I am indebted to Melchior de Wolff. His monumental support helped to make this book a reality. 11 INTRODUCTION Germany’s national Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe will necessarily define Germany’s own contemporary memory of the Holocaust. Deutschlands nationales Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas wird notwendigerweise Deutschlands eigene gegenwärtige Erinnerung an den Holocaust definieren. Information issued to invited competitors for the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe, 1997 1 Anti-Semitism and right extremist attacks have reached the level of bluntness and aggression as seen after 1933. Antisemitische und rechtsradikale Attacken haben eine Offensichtlichkeit und Aggressivität erreicht, die an die Zeit nach 1933 erinnert. Charlotte Knobloch, President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, 2006 2 Löwen-Treff, a typical Munich beer hall, is well visited on this warm July day in 2006. Guests seated at the outdoor Visitors Terrace for the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe may choose from a wide range of German sausage and cuts of pork, which are on offer along with the beer. Weisswürste, Bratwurst, Nürnberger, Kasslerbraten, Bayerischer Leberkäse and so on are neatly spelled out on the blackboard. However, if one isn’t in the mood for beer, the Visitors Terrace (spanning the length of the Memorial to the 1 Engeres Auswahlverfahren. Aufgabenbeschreibung und Rahmenbedingungen. Senatsverwaltung für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur. 1997 2 Spiegel Online, Rechtsextreme Gewalt Zentralrat der Juden warnt vor Verhältnissen wie zur Nazi-Zeit. 24 October 2006, Spiegel Online 24 October 2006 www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,444405,00.html 12 Murdered Jews of Europe) also offers donuts, fish ’n chips, falafel, Currywurst, pizza, as well as an assortment of Holocaust memorial postcards and souvenirs. No doubt after a thick sausage washed down by a beer or two, one may be excused for feeling sleepy. No problem. The warm grey stelae of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe provide wonderful relief to those seeking a mid-day snooze or simply an undisturbed opportunity to sun-bake. German flags flap proudly from cars parked along the perimeter of the memorial — emblems of Germany’s new found confidence in the wake of the World Cup — whilst a ‘Nostalgia’ bus makes its tourist rounds of the grey monument. One year has passed since the opening of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe — yet the abstract undulating grey volumes amidst the tourist paraphernalia remain without a title, a sign, or even a dedication. Only a pink ‘Dunkin’ Donuts’ sign hovers above the stage of concrete stelae, which in turn are continuously surmounted by tourists and visitors jumping triumphantly to the highest heights.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Newsletter November / December 2005
    Newsletter November / December 2005 United Buddy Bears in Seoul Fotomontage At the beginning of October, the circle of United Buddy Bears was opened in Seoul (Korea) in the presence of many VIPs from the world of politics, business, arts and culture. In his speech, the Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany in Korea, Michael Geier, emphasised the special symbolic power of the bear for Korea, as it represents the first mother in the Korean myth of the Creation. The Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, sent a video message from the once divided city of Berlin to the guests at the opening ceremony: “15 years ago, the people of Germany were able to experience the joy of the peaceful reunification of our country. Today, we would wholeheartedly like to wish the people of Korea that they will also overcome the division in the not too distant future.“ It is for that reason that the 125 United Buddy Bears are promoting a peaceful coexistence at the Olympic Park on Peace Square until 9th November (the day when the Berlin Wall opened). South- and North Korea Hand in Hand Following long negotiations with the North Korean embassy in Berlin, the Buddy Bär Berlin GmbH was able to invite two renowned North Korean artists (see above) – with the kind support of Lufthansa – to Berlin. The bear was belatedly flown to Seoul, receiving a lot of attention as the sensational addition to the exhibition. On this occasion, the German Ambassador Michael Geier gave another speech on site, praising the great symbolism of the exhibition for the divided Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • „Alleingang Verhindern“
    Zurück in Deutschland, hört er Ge- schichte in München bei Eric Voegelin. Es ist die Zeit der Suche nach Parabeln zur Entstehung des Faschismus. Lange vor ’68 gilt der junge Heimkehrer aus den USA „Alleingang verhindern“ als Fixpunkt einer aufmüpfigen Uni-Szene, die in Schwabinger Schwemmen dialek- Der Vorschlag, in Berlin statt des Holocaust-Mahnmals tisch aufrüstet – Debattierer messen sich, ein Museum zu errichten, verärgert Experten und Bauherren. indem sie wortreich für das Gegenteil ih- rer Überzeugung eintreten. or gut zehn Jahren lud eine tung. Folgerichtig verlangt Lea Rosh, Naumann, bester Redner und seines West-Berliner Bürgerinitiative Naumann möge sich mit dem Förder- „dramatisch zerfurchten Gesichts am Kla- Vunter Führung der Journalistin kreis und Berlin ins Benehmen setzen, vier“ wegen Mädchenschwarm, gründet Lea Rosh erstmals zu einer öffentlichen bevor er unausgegorene Ideen in die eine Zeitung, die als pro-kommunistisch ver- Diskussion über den Bau eines „Denk- Welt setze. „Ein Alleingang des Bun- dächtigt und verboten wird. Er geht auf die mals für die ermordeten Juden Euro- des“, sagt auch der Chef der Berliner Straße und promoviert über Karl Kraus. pas“ ein. Die Zahl der Vorschläge für Senatskanzlei, Volker Kähne, „muß Er wird Journalist bei „Zeit“ und SPIE- ein solches Mahnmal, die seitdem er- verhindert werden.“ GEL und später Rowohlt-Chef in Ham- sonnen und publiziert wurden, dürfte Die drei Auslober hatten nach zwei burg, schlägt Rad und läßt Federn als Ver- inzwischen die 600 überschritten aufwendigen künstlerischen Wett- leger in New York. Im Sommer 1998 sitzt er haben. bewerben und drei Kolloquien den Ent- wurf von Richard Serra und Peter Ei- senman favorisiert, doch eine Ent- scheidung vertagt.
    [Show full text]
  • For the First Time in Central America
    BUDDY BEAR MAIL 2/ 2019 For the first time in Central America Berlin 2017 / 2018 ANTIGUA: Our United Buddy Bears are in Guatemala - Created by the artist Isamuko Rotimi Isaiah, the country and it is their first visit to Central America. representative of Nigeria will be on show in its new garment. And for the first time the bear from Guatemala’s Since 25 April 2019, a total of 144 bears have stood neighbouring country Belize, created by Pen Cayetano, will together in the world heritage city of Antigua in the also take part. Parque Central on Plaza Mayor. The exhibition can be seen until 12 May. Whether familiar, or new and unknown: Except for the Following this, between 17 May and 2 June the bears will Guatemalan bear, everyone arrived as strangers - and will visit the culture festival hosted by Guatemala City leave as friends! (Festival Cultural del Paseo de la Sexta) and will present On the first day, approx. 15,000 visits, including around their message of tolerance and international 4,000 tourists (primarily from the USA, Canada, Europe understanding on the Plaza de la Constitución. and the Far East), visited the exhibition and heard the message of the United Buddy Bears: “For the first time, the United Buddy Bears exhibition “We need to become better acquainted with one another brings a world-class cultural event to Central America”, ... that way we can better understand each other, trust said the Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany each other and live better together.” in Guatemala, Harald Klein, at the ceremonial opening that drew large numbers of visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download
    Berichte und Kommentare 545 jen’s article on Rotinese birds, access to which I did not ser verstehen, mehr vertrauen und besser zusam- have when I began writing this article. menleben” (Herlitz und Herlitz 2006: 8) sind nahe dem Brandenburger Tor Bärenskulpturen mit erho- benen Händen ausgestellt worden, die jeweils ein References Cited konkretes Land repräsentieren (Abb. 1). Die Bären wurden durchgehend von Künstlern aus dem je- Coates, Brian J., and K. David Bishop weils dargestellten Land gestaltet. Deren Aufgabe 1997 A Guide to the Birds of Wallacea. Sulawesi, the Moluc- cas, and Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Alderley: war es, einen normierten “Bärenrohling” durch Be- Dove Publications. malen – und bisweilen auch durch Applikation von Gegenständen – zu einem Botschafter des eigenen Forth, Gregory 2007 Pigeon and Friarbird Revisited. A Further Analysis of Landes zu machen. Die illustre Runde ist zudem an Eastern Indonesian Mythico-Ornithological Contrast. durch Bären ergänzt worden, die zu einer friedli- Anthropos 102: 495–513. chen Koexistenz aller (Welt-)Religionen bzw. al- Hicks, David ler Menschen auffordern. Ein weiterer Bär erinnert 1997 Friarbird on Timor. Two Mambai Myths of Avian Ri- auch daran, dass man nicht nur mit Menschen, son- valry. Anthropos 92: 198–200. dern mit allem Leben respekt- und verantwortungs- Hull, Geoffrey voll umgehen sollte. 2001 Standard Tetum-English Dictionary (Revised and Ex- Das Projekt der “United Buddy Bears” hat je- panded). Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin in association doch nicht nur einen rein symbolischen Charakter, with the University of Sydney. [2nd ed.] denn regelmäßig werden einige Bären versteigert Jonker,J.C.G. und der Erlös an UNICEF und viele kleine lokale 1908 Rottineesch-Hollandsch woordenboek.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Depiction of Prussia in the GDR
    The Changing Depiction of Prussia in the GDR: From Rejection to Selective Commemoration Corinna Munn Department of History Columbia University April 9, 2014 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Volker Berghahn, for his support and guidance in this project. I also thank my second reader, Hana Worthen, for her careful reading and constructive advice. This paper has also benefited from the work I did under Wolfgang Neugebauer at the Humboldt University of Berlin in the summer semester of 2013, and from the advice of Bärbel Holtz, also of Humboldt University. Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 2. Chronology and Context………………………………………………………….4 3. The Geschichtsbild in the GDR…………………………………………………..8 3.1 What is a Geschichtsbild?..............................................................................8 3.2 The Function of the Geschichtsbild in the GDR……………………………9 4. Prussia’s Changing Role in the Geschichtsbild of the GDR…………………….11 4.1 1945-1951: The Post-War Period………………………………………….11 4.1.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………11 4.1.2 Public Symbols and Events: The fate of the Berliner Stadtschloss…14 4.1.3 Film: Die blauen Schwerter………………………………………...19 4.2 1951-1973: Building a Socialist Society…………………………………...22 4.2.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………22 4.2.2 Public Symbols and Events: The Neue Wache and the demolition of Potsdam’s Garnisonkirche…………………………………………..30 4.2.3 Film: Die gestohlene Schlacht………………………………………34 4.3 1973-1989: The Rediscovery of Prussia…………………………………...39 4.3.1 Historiography and Publications……………………………………39 4.3.2 Public Symbols and Events: The restoration of the Lindenforum and the exhibit at Sans Souci……………………………………………42 4.3.3 Film: Sachsens Glanz und Preußens Gloria………………………..45 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 2003·2004·2005
    BERICHT 2003 · 2004 · 2005 STIFTUNG DENKMAL FÜR DIE ERMORDETEN JU DEN EUROPAS 2 3 INHALT DENKMAL Denkmal und Bau........................................................................ 3. Geleitwort.(Wolfgang.Thierse)....................................................... 4. Vorwort.(Uwe.Neumärker)............................................................. 6. Das.Denkmal.für.die.ermordeten.Juden.Europas........................... 9. – Geschichte.des.Projekts............................................................ 9. – Das.Denkmalgelände................................................................. 9. GELEITWORT – Der.Bau.von.Stelenfeld.und.Ort.der.Information.2003.–.2005... 10. – Die.Eröffnungsfeier.................................................................. 16 Reden am 10. Mai 2005............................................................. 18. Dr..h..c..Wolfgang.Thierse............................................................ 19. Dr..h..c..Paul.Spiegel.................................................................... 22. Prof..Peter.Eisenman................................................................... 25. VORWORT Sabina.van.der.Linden,.geb..Haberman........................................ 27. Lea.Rosh..................................................................................... 29 Ausstellung und Vermittlung..................................................... 34 Der Ort der Information............................................................... 35. – Auftakt....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Subjugation IV
    Subjugation 4 Tribulation by Fel (aka James Galloway) ToC 1 To: Title ToC 2 Chapter 1 Koira, 18 Toraa, 4401, Orthodox Calendar Wednesday, 28 January 2014, Terran Standard Calendar Koira, 18 Toraa, year 1327 of the 97th Generation, Karinne Historical Reference Calendar Foxwood East, Karsa, Karis Amber was starting to make a nuisance of herself. There was just something intrinsically, fundamentally wrong about an insufferably cute animal that was smart enough to know that it was insufferably cute, and therefore exploited that insufferable cuteness with almost ruthless impunity. In the 18 days since she’d arrived in their house, she’d quickly learned that she could do virtually anything and get away with it, because she was, quite literally, too cute to punish. Fortunately, thus far she had yet to attempt anything truly criminal, but that didn’t mean that she didn’t abuse her cuteness. One of the ways she was abusing it was just what she was doing now, licking his ear when he was trying to sleep. Her tiny little tongue was surprisingly hot, and it startled him awake. “Amber!” he grunted incoherently. “I’m trying to sleep!” She gave one of her little squeaking yips, not quite a bark but somewhat similar to it, and jumped up onto his shoulder. She didn’t even weigh three pounds, she was so small, but her little claws were like needles as they kneaded into his shoulder. He groaned in frustration and swatted lightly in her general direction, but the little bundle of fur was not impressed by his attempts to shoo her away.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Pop Music in a Global Context by Oliver Patrick Cunningham
    Irish Pop Music in a Global Context By Oliver Patrick Cunningham Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Regulations for the Attainment of the Degree of Masters of Arts in Sociology. National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare. Department of Sociology. July, 2000. Head of Department: Professor Liam Ryan. Research Supervisor: Dr. Colin Coulter. Acknowledgements There are gHite a number of people / wish to thank for helping me to complete this thesis. First and most important of all my family for their love and support notJust in my academic endeavors but also in all my different efforts so far, Thanks for your fate! Second / wish to thank all my friends both at home and in college in Maynooth for listening to me for the last ten months as I put this work together also for the great help and advice they gave to me during this period. Thanks for listeningl Third I wish to thank the staff in the Department of Sociology Nidi Maynooth, especially Dr, Colin Coulter my thesis supervisor for all their help and encouragement during the last year. Thanks for the knowledge/ Fourth / wish to thank the M A sociology class of 1999-2000 for being such a great class to learn, work and be friends with. Thanks for a great year! Fifth but most certainly not last / want to thank one friend who unfortunately was with us at the beginning of this thesis and gave me great encouragement to pursue it but could not stay to see the end result, This work is dedicated to your eternal memory Aoife.
    [Show full text]
  • German History Reflected
    The Detlev Rohwedder Building German history reflected GFE = 1/2 Formathöhe The Detlev Rohwedder Building German history reflected Contents 3 Introduction 44 Reunification and Change 46 The euphoria of unity 4 The Reich Aviation Ministry 48 A tainted place 50 The Treuhandanstalt 6 Inception 53 The architecture of reunification 10 The nerve centre of power 56 In conversation with 14 Courage to resist: the Rote Kapelle Hans-Michael Meyer-Sebastian 18 Architecture under the Nazis 58 The Federal Ministry of Finance 22 The House of Ministries 60 A living place today 24 The changing face of a colossus 64 Experiencing and creating history 28 The government clashes with the people 66 How do you feel about working in this building? 32 Socialist aspirations meet social reality 69 A stroll along Wilhelmstrasse 34 Isolation and separation 36 Escape from the state 38 New paths and a dead-end 72 Chronicle of the Detlev Rohwedder Building 40 Architecture after the war – 77 Further reading a building is transformed 79 Imprint 42 In conversation with Jürgen Dröse 2 Contents Introduction The Detlev Rohwedder Building, home to Germany’s the House of Ministries, foreshadowing the country- Federal Ministry of Finance since 1999, bears wide uprising on 17 June. Eight years later, the Berlin witness to the upheavals of recent German history Wall began to cast its shadow just a few steps away. like almost no other structure. After reunification, the Treuhandanstalt, the body Constructed as the Reich Aviation Ministry, the charged with the GDR’s financial liquidation, moved vast site was the nerve centre of power under into the building.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2003–2004
    he Institute was founded in 1963 by Hellmut Becker, who was joined subsequently by Friedrich Edding (1964), Dietrich Goldschmidt (1964), and Saul B. Robinsohn (1964) as the first generation of scientific directors and senior fellows of the Max Planck Society. In the first decade of its existence, the development of educational research Research Report Research Report and educational policy was emphasized. 2003–2004 2003–2004 The appointment of a second generation of directors Research Report 2003-2004 (Wolfgang Edelstein, 1973, and Peter M. Roeder, he Max Planck Institute for Human Develop- 1973) added to this framework a commitment to ment, founded in 1963, is a multidisciplinary basic research in human development and research establishment dedicated to the study of educational processes. Primary emphases included human development and education. Its inquiries longitudinal research on child and adolescent are broadly defined, but concentrate on the development (Edelstein) and educational research on Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition evolu-tionary, social, historical, and institutional (Director: Gerd Gigerenzer) classroom processes and school organization contexts of human development, as well as (Roeder). examining it from life-span and life-course perspectives. The disciplines of education, Since the 1980s and with the appointment of a third Center for Educational Research (Director: Jürgen Baumert) psychology, and sociology reflect the current generation of senior fellows and scientific directors directors’ backgrounds, but the Institute’s (Paul B. Baltes, 1980; Karl Ulrich Mayer, 1983; scholarly spectrum is enriched by the work of Jürgen Baumert, 1996; Gerd Gigerenzer, 1997), colleagues from such fields as mathematics, research at Center for Sociology and the Study of the Life Course (Director: Karl Ulrich Mayer) economics, computer science, evolutionary the Institute has concentrated more and more on biology, and the humanities.
    [Show full text]
  • ITGBL Local Agents
    ITGBL Local Agents Country: Afghanistan Post: Kabul Bureau: SCA Local Agents: 2) AES Cargo Share-E-Naw, Charahi Ansari Kabul, Afghanistan POC: Greg Forgrave Tel: 93-70-296-492 Cell: 93-70-274-374 Email: [email protected] 1) PAXTON International House #1, Corner of Shura and Park Streets Karte Seh Kabul, Afghanistan POC: Wali Mohammad Wasif Tel: 93 (0) 70 295 329 Cell: 0093 (0) 700 29 53 29 Email: [email protected] Website: www.paxton.com Country: Albania Post: Tirana Bureau: EUR Local Agents: 1) AES Cargo/ Move One Rruga "Brigada e VIII" P. Teknoprojekt Sh.2 Ap 3/2 Nr. 33/1 Tirana, Albania POC: Glenda Pajo Tel: 355 4 225 8103 Cell: 355 69 206 7269 Email: [email protected] 2) AGS Tirana Ish Kombinati I Tekstileve Fabrika e Ngyrosjes Tirana, Albania POC: Genti Jacellari Tel: 355 4 235 2560 x113 Fax: 355 69 208 6315 Email: [email protected] Wednesday, July 21, 2010 Page 1 of 152 ITGBL Local Agents Country: Algeria Post: Algiers Bureau: NEA Local Agents: 2) Algeria Moving and Shipping 13 Lot Beau Sejour La Sapiniere No. 7 Birmandreis Algers, Algeria POC: Mme. Ahlem Menar, GM Tel/Fax: 213-21-56-48-53 Cell: 213-0770-415-261 1) Deminter Algeria Rue Lakhder Manaa Cite 19 & 2 BT C No. 1 Ben Aknoon Alger, Algerie POC: Mr. Mohamed Meghiref, GM Tel: 213-21-91-57-92/ 213-21-91-57-94 Fax: 213-21-91-67-62/ 213-21-91-24-82 Cell: 213-61-51-27-38 Madjid Meghiref Cell: 213- 550 614 494 Amine Meghiref Email: [email protected] Country: Angola Post: Luanda Bureau: AF Local Agents: 1) EMP-TRANS Cargo Center Lds.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Chapter 1 German, European and Global Recollection
    Notes Introduction 1 Following Adorno, the term Auschwitz is not taken to refer to the actual exterm­ ination camp but rather as 'a shorthand for the caesura of Western culture as well as for the deep wound in the body of the Jewish people'. Cited in Efraim Sicher (ed.) (1998) Writing and Memory after Auschwitz, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 14. Chapter 1 German, European and Global Recollection of the Nazi Past 1 See Maurice Halbwachs (1968) La memoire collective (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France). On collective memory, also see Jan Assmann (1999b) Das kulturelle Gediichtnis. Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identitiit in friihen Hochkulturen (Munchen: Verlag C.H. Beck); Paul Connerton (1989) How Societies Remember (Cambridge-New York-Melbourne: Cambridge University Press); David Sutton (1998) Memories cast in stone. The relevance of the past in everyday life (Oxford: Berg); Harald Welzer (2001) Das soziale Gediichtnis. Geschichte, Erinnerung, Tra­ dierung (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition); and James Fentress and Chris Wickham (1992) Social Memory. New Perspectives on the Past (Oxford UK-Cambridge USA: Blackwell). 2 The concept of 'willing executioners' refers to Daniel Goldhagen's controversial thesis that 'eliminationary anti-semitism' led Germans to support and perpetrate crimes against the Jews. See Daniel Jonah Goldhagen (1996) Hitler's Willing Executioners. Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust (London: Little, Brown). 3 Karl Jaspers drew the distinction between criminal, political, moral and meta­ physical guilt. In his view, all Germans were politically guilty as members of a nation in whose name the atrocities of the Second World War had been com­ mitted, and criminally guilty if responsible in legal terms.
    [Show full text]