Complete Protocol
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XXXX | XXXXX 2 3 XXXX | XXXXX XXXX | XXXXX 4 5 XXXX | XXXXX Prof. Dr. Egon Bahr und Janusz Reiter XXXX | XXXXX 6 7 XXXX | XXXXX XXXX | XXXXX 8 9 XXXX | XXXXX XXXX | XXXXX 10 11 XXXX | XXXXX Kaisersaal Stefanie Wüst sings Brecht/Weill and Eisler/Whitman XXXX | XXXXX 14 124th Bergedorf Round Table Contours of a “New World Order”? – American and European Perspectives June 14th–16th, 2002, AXICA Convention Center Berlin XXXX | XXXXX 16 CONTENT Picture Documentation 1 Participants 18 Summary 19 Protocol Welcome 21 I. Continuities and Change after September 11th 22 II. Shaping Globalization— Economic and Political Challenges 85 III. Common Roots—Common Future? Transatlantic Partnership in the 21st Century 108 Annex Abbreviations 146 Participants 147 Recommended Literature 157 Glossary 159 Subject Index 162 Previous Round Tables 165 The Körber-Foundation 183 Acknowledgements, Project Information, Imprint 184 INITIATOR Dr. Kurt A. Körber CHAIR Lord Ralf Dahrendorf SPEAKERS Prof. Dr. Egon Bahr, Ambassador Dr. Wolfgang Ischinger, former Federal Minister, Berlin Washington, D.C. Prof. John L. Hirsch, Colonel Greg Kaufmann, International Peace Academy, New York Harvard University, Cambridge/Mass. Dr. Peter W. Singer, Dr. Ivan Krastev, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Director, Center for Liberal Strategies, Sofia Prof. Paul W. Schroeder, Prof. Robert S. Litwak, University of Illinois, Urbana Woodrow Wilson International Center, Prof. Georges-Henri Soutou, Washington, D.C. University of Paris/Sorbonne, Paris Captain Jude Melville, Karsten D. Voigt, Department for Defense, Washington D.C. Co-ordinator of German-American Co-operation, Berlin Alexander G. Rahr, Prof. Dr. Norbert Walter, German Council on Foreign Relations, Berlin Chief Economist, Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt/Main Janusz Reiter, Prof. Samuel F. Wells Jr., Director, Center for International Relations, Warsaw Associate Director, Woodrow Wilson Dr. David J. Reynolds, International Center, Washington, D.C. Christ’s College, Cambridge Martin Schulze, PHOENIX television, Berlin PARTICIPANTS Dr. Zachary Shore, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. Dr. Dana H. Allin, Dr. William R. Smyser, The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. London Prof. Timothy Snyder, Georgi Arkadewitsch Arbatov, Yale University, New Haven Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Dr. Constanze Stelzenmüller, Vladimir Averchev, DIE ZEIT, Hamburg Sidanco Corporation, Moscow Dr. Walther Stützle, Dr. Richard Caplan, Under Secretary, Federal Ministry of Defense, Berlin Centre for International Studies, Oxford Dr. Levin von Trott zu Solz, Dr. Patrick O. Cohrs, Bergedorf Round Table, Hamburg Harvard University, Cambridge/Mass. Dr. Klaus Wehmeier, Prof. Dr. Ernst-Otto Czempiel, Körber-Foundation, Hamburg Hessische Stiftung Friedensforschung und Dr. Richard von Weizsäcker, Konfliktforschung, Frankfurt/Main President of Germany (ret.), Berlin Klaus Dieter Frankenberger, David T. Wolfson, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurt/Main American Embassy, Berlin Prof. Dr. Christian Hacke, Christopher Wright, University of Bonn Harvard University, Cambridge/Mass. Prof. Pierre Hassner, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Paris SUMMARY The 124th Bergedorf Round Table on “Contours of a New World Order” met in Ber- lin in June 2002. U.S.-Americans and Europeans of different nations and gene- rations came together in what was once a hot spot of the Cold War. Politicians, academic experts and publicists discussed the impact of September 11th on the current state of and prospects for the transatlantic relationship. The three Round Table sessions—each started by introductory statements by American and Euro- pean experts—offered the participants an open-minded forum to debate the simi- larities as well as the sometimes deep disparities between European and American worldviews and political behavior. The controversies that subsequently shaped transatlantic relations in the stages leading up to the war on Iraq visibly surfaced during the Berlin conference. Everyone agreed that achieving a positive turn- around in the U.S.-European relationship would entail a significant effort on both sides of the Atlantic. To establish a basis for discussion, the first session focused on continuities and changes in transatlantic relations since September 11th. The debate opened with an intense discussion about the historic dimensions of this event and its potential effects on alliances and the international political system in general. The evolu- tion of international relations during the 20th century as well as enlightening pa- rallels to earlier periods, particularly the Pax Romana, received much attention. Following this reflection, the participants argued hard about the current policies pursued by both sides of the Atlantic. Fundamental differences in opinion became evident when considering a reasonable division of labor between the transatlan- tic partners. These divergences appeared not only between U.S. and European par- ticipants, but also within the European camp—mainly between East- and West- Europeans—and among Americans, depending on their position concerning the Bush-Administration. During the second part of the Round Table, the participants discussed the im- pacts of globalization and the need for political regulation. The line separating globalization optimists from the skeptics ran across all camps on each side of the Atlantic. However, all insisted on the necessity of creating political structures that can halt and prevent the negative effects dividing the losers from the winners of globalization. The question of “Common Roots—Common Future?” stood at the forefront of the last Round Table session. The participants agreed that common interests and values bind the transatlantic relationship. Due to changed parameters in the inter- 19 national system, they also conceded that reaching consensus in common policies is more difficult today than it was in Cold War times. Only the definition of new common goals could reinvigorate the transatlantic alliance. Naturally, a plethora of different proposals for and approaches to a new transatlantic agenda existed. The clear message from this Round Table weekend is that the international frame of reference for the transatlantic relationship has fundamentally changed, putting this long-lasting friendship to a difficult test for the next several years. Some optimism nonetheless prevailed about the possibility for partnership in future political action, as common interests and values help to bridge the gap over the Atlantic. In light of the immense challenges that international politics face today, such partnership is more than necessary. All participants urged the Berge- dorf Round Table to continue offering a forum where innovative ideas about the contours of a just New World Order can be deliberated. (Note: three Round Tables related to this subject are being planned for the near future.) 20 PROTOCOL Welcome Ladies and Gentlemen, I extend a warm welcome to you all here von Weizsäcker in Berlin, in a room that is a manifestation of transatlantic rela- tions. A German bank chose an exceedingly bold design by the architect Frank O. Gehry to house its Berlin offices. So I am very happy that we have all gathered in the center of the European con- tinent, to continue a discourse on transatlantic relations and a “new world order,” to which the US President made a remarkable contribution several weeks ago in the German Bundestag, just a few steps away. Most of you are already familiar with the Bergedorf Round Table and what it does. It is a completely private initiative with the particular advantage of offering a truly free, cooperative, contentious, and constructive forum for discussion. Let me thank Lord Dahrendorf for chairing this meeting. Whether he will understand this task in a British or rather in a German way remains to be seen. Explanatory note: This Protocol contains an edited and authorized version of the participants’ oral contributions. 21 I. Continuities and Change after September 11th Dahrendorf It is my task to moderate our conversation. The subject is “The Shape of a New World Order” or perhaps “Contours of the Shape of a New World Order,” and it is an attempt to bring together American and European perspectives. Continuities and changes after what in America is called “9/11”—continuities and changes after September 11th—are our first subject. Schroeder I will follow Luther’s advice to Melanchthon: “Sin boldly and trust even more boldly in God’s grace,” and try to bring history to bear on three points: globaliza- tion, alliances and the war on terrorism. globalization First: globalization. Obviously, this economic process is not new or unprece- dented. While scholars disagree about its starting date, there is a clear, recognizable parallel between the globalization we see today and the economic globalization which occurred prior to World War I and centered in Europe and North America. This “first globalization” was smaller than the current one in scale, somewhat nar- rower in scope and slower in pace. Nonetheless, it represented the same processes and exhibited many of the same features as today’s. … and its connection My concern here is not to compare these two globalizations in general, but to to the political world order discuss the connection between the first globalization and the political world prior to 1914 order prior to 1914. Some have suggested that had this globalization with its integration and interdependence