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Hashalom JULY 2013.Pdf July 2013 Established 1923 Volume 17 No. 10 THE MONTHLY JOURNAL OF THE KWAZULU-NATAL JEWISH COMMUNITY EDITORIAL Contents Editorial page 2 In Perspective page 3 A NEW LIFE ISRAEL Prof Antony Arkin Exporting Israel's 'help one another' attitude page 4 At the time of writing I am eagerly awaiting the birth of my The Region: The Israel card has been overplayed page 5 first South African-born grandchild. When my first Sabra Why are the Israelis so damn happy? page 6 granddaughter was born I analysed in this column the kind of society she would be born into. In Na'ama's World I looked JEWISH WORLD critically at Israel. The newest addition to my family will be a JWRP: Connecting Souls and Sisters page 7 fourth generation Durbanite living in a small, vibrant, warm Maccabi Games 5773/2013 page 7 community that is both ageing and diminishing. But it is not a Past Tense page 8 declining community. Resources are generously made available COMMUNITY NEWS if one wishes to participate in a full Jewish life. All three Bubkes page 9 congregations, Chabad, the DUHC and the DPJC have offered to name and bless the baby. It is a community which is respectful Umhlanga Jewish Day School page 10 of differences and fully committed to democratic values and Durban United Hebrew Congregation page 11 human rights. Eden College page 12 The Durban Jewish community is socially and culturally Moriah page 12 integrated into the broader South African society. While Durban Kollel page 13 committed to halacha, it is fully a part of South African culture KwaZulu-Natal Zionist Council page 14 and life. South Africa's robust ethos of anti-racialism continues DIVOTE page 15 to underpin our national culture. It is this culture, backed by Hebrew Order of David page 16 a broad constitutional democracy which enables us to live as Talmud Torah page 17 proud Jews with a bedrock commitment to Zionism and support Talmud Torah Generations page 17 of Israel as the national state of the Jewish people. But there Durban Progressive Jewish Congregation page 18 are real difficulties. Though South African Jewry makes up less than one percent of the total population, it is confronted by an Wotsup Wizo page 19 increasingly sophisticated, well-funded propaganda campaign of Union of Jewish Women page 20 the anti-Israel lobby. In its efforts to woo the large Moslem vote, Durban Holocaust Centre page 21 members of the ANC leadership have at times taken a vicious Council of KwaZulu-Natal Jewry page 22 anti-Semitic stance. Other structures of civil society, such as Above Board page 23 COSATU and the SA Council of Churches, have followed suit. Cooking with Judy & Linda page 23 This may well get worse, as the economy tanks. The African Social & Personal page 24 Development Bank and OECD rank South Africa a lowly 48th Diary of Events page 24 out of 52 African countries in term of its economic outlook. The sustained 5% growth rate that the government says is needed to cut unemployment and poverty is a world away. The Economist The views expressed in the pages of Hashalom are not necessarily argues that the alarming decline in the Rand will push up inflation, those of the Editorial Board or any other organisation or religious which is already at the top of the Reserve Bank target range of body unless otherwise stated. Hashalom merely reflects views of 3-6%. South Africa has a current account deficit of more than that particular organisation or individual. 6% of GDP and relies on foreign capital to bridge this gap. This Hashalom Editorial Board: makes it vulnerable to the mood of foreign investors. Recent Chairman: Prof Marcus Arkin Editor: Prof Antony Arkin labour unrest and wild cat strikes in the mines have scared many Commitee: Dr Issy Fisher, Ms Diane McColl, Mrs Lauren Shapiro. off. Unemployment is above 25% of the work force. If one Production Manager/Secretary: Mrs Mikki Norton includes those who want to work, but are too discouraged to Notice to Organisations/Contributors: look for it, this rate rises to 37%. Laws that make it costly to fire All material to be submitted by email to workers means that the bargaining of those with jobs is unaffected by the mass of jobless who might accept work that pays lower [email protected] wages. To make matters worse, regulations in SA to enable DEADLINE FOR THE AUGUST ISSUE: 8 July 2013 job-creating new enterprises to emerge are among the most Advertisements burdensome in the world. Of course these structural problems Contact: Mrs. Mikki Norton are known to the ANC government, which has endorsed the P.O. Box 10797 Marine Parade 4056 National Development Plan. Progress in implementing the plan Tel: (031) 335 4451 Fax: (031) 337 9600 Email: [email protected] has been "pitifully slow". Rather than muddling through like our Hashalom is published under the auspices of the Council of KwaZulu-Natal government, Judaism which emphasises that all of humanity Jewry, the KwaZulu-Natal Zionist Council and the Durban Jewish Club. is in the image of the Divine, enables us to transcend political Typesetting Supplied. and denominational lines to shape the values of the Rainbow Designed by Flying Ant Designs, email: dtp@flyingant.co.za Nation. Maimonides posited more than 800 years ago we must Printed by Fishwick Printers be guided by the rational and reasonable, the core values of Visit our website: www.hashalom.co.za religious Zionism. 2 HASHALOM July 2013 IN PERSPECTIVE THE KARAITES AND JUDAISM Prof Marcus Arkin n its issue of May 18 2013 The Economist ran a report " Who's In 1939 the German Minitry of the Interior expressly stipulated a Jew? An old religious argument once again rears its angry that the Karaites did not belong to the Jewish religious community. Ihead". It concerned the Karaites, who go back more than Their "racial psychology" was considered non-Jewish. This 1300 years and comprise less than one percent of Israel's six decision was subsequently applied to France and Eastern million Jews. They recognized the Scriptures as the sole source Europe. The behaviour of the Karaites during the Holocaust of religious law to the exclusion of the Oral Law. period vacillated between indifference to the Jewish cause and This places them at odds with mainstream Orthodoxy. in some cases of actual collaboration with the Germans. Maimonides denounced them as heretics and in modern-day In the Arab states the persecution of Jews which followed the Israel the Chief Rabbi has slapped fines of a 1000 shekels on establishment of the Jewish state caused the Karaites (in Egypt, Karaite butchers for calling their meat kosher and is battling Iraq and elsewhere) to settle in Israel, where they were given with the Supreme Court over the validity of Karaite marriages. government assistance in establishing themselves economically, In the 9th and the beginning of the 10th centuries the Karaite and providing for their religious and educational needs. The movement was a conglomeration of various anti-Rabbanite Karaites are now recognized as a separate community where sects. Benjamin ben Moses Nahawenli (c.830 - 860) laid the they have their own Beth Din to administer marriage and groundwork for the development of Karaite doctrines by divorce. According to their own laws, they are not permitted to encouraging the individual study of the Scriptures into a basic intermarry with the rest of the Jewish population. principle of Karaism. The basic disagreement between the Karaites and the Rabbanites In the 10th century, when Karaism was already fairly consolidated, over the authority of the post-Biblical oral tradition, and the there was a considerable number of Karaite theologians, unshakeable conviction of the Karaites that their teachings religious teachers, grammarians and biblical exegetes. Rejection represented the pure original Mosaic faith, free of Rabbanite of secular sciences was discarded and Karaite scholars became distortion and corruption, continue to make attempts at active participants in the flourishing Arabic culture. Some Jewish reconciliation anything but hopeful. historians (Graetz for example) were of the opinion that the first And in modern times, Karaites disassociating themselves in Jewish grammarians and biblical scholars had been Karaites. Russia and Poland from the Rabbanites in order to escape the The first prominent Rabbanite to attack the Karaites was Saadiah crushing disabilities and persecutions imposed on Jews there, Gaon. On both sides the battle was waged with great ardour led to a quiet estrangement. Scholars however in both camps and often with a lack of objectivity. However it remained a war continue to maintain an amicable dialogue in the course of their of words and scarcely ever descended into physical violence. research into Karaite history and literature. At the end of the 11th century the centre of Karaite intellectual activity shifted to Europe where Judah Hadassi produced an encyclopaedic summary of Karaite theology, one of the most Troy Schonken important works on Karaite literature and undoubtedly the outstanding work in Hebrew. In the 17th and 18th centuries Karaite activity shifted to the www.djc.co.za Crimea and Lithuania, and Karaites in these areas assumed the leadership of the sect. A new epoch was opened by the incorporation of Lithuania and the Crimea (1793 and 1783 respectively) into Russia. Until then the external history of the Karaites had been similiar to that of the Rabbanite Jews. Both considered each other as Jews and regarded the most violent polemics between them as an internal Jewish quarrel. Wherever the Karaites had taken up residence, they had been treated as Jews. But inequality before the law was introduced in 1827 when the Crimea Karaites were exempted from military service, a privilege which was not extended to the ordinary Jews.
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