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Itinerarii Pierre Werner Pentru Tipar.Qxd Pierre WERNER ITINERARII luxemburgheze ºi europene Pierre WERNER Itinerarii luxemburgheze ºi europene Evoluþii ºi Amintiri 1945 – 1985 Traducere ºi addenda: Elena-Rodica DÃNESCU Ediþia a III-a Bucureºti – 2010 WERNER, Pierre Itinéraires luxembourgeois et européens (2 tomes) Copyright © 1991 by Editions de l’Imprimerie Saint-Paul Luxembourg ISBN 2-87963-124-6 – Ediþia originalã Fotografie © Arhiva personalã Pierre Werner, 1998 Ediþie îngrijitã de dr. Elena-Rodica Dãnescu, cercetãtor ºtiinþific. Toate drepturile rezervate. Reproducerea interzisã. © 1997 - Academia Internaþionalã pentru Studiul Istoriei Culturii ºi Religiilor, Bucureºti; Editura Gnosis, Bucureºti 1998, ISBN 973-9497-06-3; Editura Gnosis, Bucureºti 2003, Ed. rev., ISBN 973-9497-41-1. Volume publicate cu concursul Academiei Internaþionale pentru Studiul Istoriei Culturii ºi Religiilor © Editura GNOSIS, Bucureºti 2010, Ed. rev. ISBN 978-973-0-09215-8 GÂNDURI LA EDIÞIA A TREIA Exprim întreaga mea recunoºtinþã Doamnei Marie-Anne Werner ºi Domnului Henri Werner, pentru încurajãri ºi pentru suportul lor moral constant. Mulþumesc, de asemenea, Editurii Saint-Paul din Luxembourg pentru înþelegere ºi eficacitate. Gânduri… Ediþia a treia a traducerii în limba românã a «Itinerariilor luxemburgheze ºi europene» care vede lumina tiparului în aceste zile este înainte de toate un omagiu adus autorului lor, Pierre Werner. Printr-un parcurs de aproape jumãtate de veac în viaþa politicã ºi publicã a Marelui-Ducat, din care mai bine de douãzeci de ani ca lider al guvernului, prin contribuþia sa decisivã la noua arhitecturã comunitarã, prin opera esenþialã, punerea pe fãgaº a Uniunii Economice ºi Monetare, eminentul economist, diplomat ºi jurist Pierre Werner a marcat inconfundabil devenirea contemporanã a Luxemburgului ºi a imprimat un suflu hotãrâtor strategiei de edificare a Europei unite. Evoluþia postbelicã ºi modelul de dezvoltare al þãrii sale cunoscut ca «miracolul economic luxemburghez», cea dintâi strategie viabilã ºi planul în etape de integrare monetarã europeanã – numit chiar «Planul Werner» – sunt puternic impregnate de spiritul sãu prospectiv ºi consensual. În viziunea lui Pierre Werner dezvoltarea de ansamblu a societãþii s-a fundamentat pe traiectoria liniilor de forþã ale economiei viitorului – domeniul financiar-bancar, comunicaþiile, audio-vizualul, tehnologia informaþiei, pluriculturalitatea ºi multilingvismul – concomitent cu punerea în valoare a potenþialului uman, a creativitãþii ºi competitivitãþii înainte de toate. Într-o Europã integratã ºi într-o lume din ce în ce mai globalizatã, specificul ºi identitatea naþionalã, independenþa Luxemburgului au fost astfel permanent consolidate, nu prin autarhie, ci printr-o largã deschidere internaþionalã, prin dialog ºi comunicare. În aceastã construcþie, moneda a fost conceputã drept vector-motor al integrãrii regionale ºi europene. Consecvent convingerilor sale privind armonizarea eficacitãþii economice cu echitatea socialã, manifestate conceptual ºi ca soluþii practice înca din primii ani postbelici, Pierre Werner este recunoscut ca artizan al «modelului de concertare socialã». Veritabil sistem al compromisului social ºi al spiritului de solidaritate pentru degajarea ariei de consens între partenerii sociali, acest model a permis menþinerea ºi IX consolidarea unui climat intern pozitiv, de pace socialã. Astfel, Luxemburgul, cea mai micã þarã a Uniunii Europene, a devenit unul dintre cele mai bogate state din lume ºi totodatã un exemplu de stabilitate, armonie, consens ºi solidaritate socialã. De altminteri, acest credo al armoniei ºi-a gãsit expresia ºi în sinuosul proces al elaborãrii planului uniunii monetare europene în care Pierre Werner, unanim recunoscut ca «pãrinte al euro», a fãcut dovada cã tenacitatea ºi loialitatea intelectualã, rezistenþa moralã, rãbdarea ºi înþelepciunea au determinat, nu o datã, redresarea situaþiilor tensionate de crizã ºi au dus la rezolvarea unor contradicþii aparent fãrã ieºire în beneficiul întregului continent. Pe toatã durata carierei sale publice de excepþie, acest umanist modern, carismatic ºi perfecþionist, puternic ataºat valorilor creºtine cele mai profunde, exigent înainte de toate cu sine însuºi, are nu doar meritul de a fi imaginat ºi, în bunã mãsurã, concretizat profilul economic inconfundabil ºi noua poziþionare a Luxemburgului în ansamblul european ºi mondial, ci ºi acela de a fi întemeiat o adevãratã «ºcoalã eticã ºi de gândire» în viaþa politicã, contribuind la formarea unor personalitãþi de vârf pe frontul european. Remarcabil om de culturã, fin cunoscãtor al literaturii universale ºi filosofiei, muzician subtil ºi sensibil, Pierre Werner a intrat în contact cu spiritualitatea româneascã încã din anii studenþiei pariziene. Dupã cum însuºi mãrturisea, a fost fascinat de latinitatea româneascã ºi de existenþa unor comunitãþi transilvane vorbitoare ale unui idiom luxemburghez. Mai apoi, legãturile sale cu România aveau sã se adânceascã atât la cel mai înalt nivel politic, cât mai ales în plan ºtiinþific ºi cultural. În anul 1997 Pierre Werner a primit cu multã cãldurã proiectul traducerii în limba românã a «Itinerariilor luxemburgheze ºi europene» ºi publicarea acestora sub egida Academiei Internaþionale pentru Studiul Istoriei Culturii ºi Religiilor. ªi aceasta nu numai pentru cã era vorba de prima traducere a Memoriilor1 sale în strãinãtate – o premierã absolutã –, de faptul cã lucrarea avea sã aparã chiar înaintea operaþionalizãrii 1 „Itiéraires luxembourgeois et européens. Evolutions et souvenirs: 1945-1985“, 2 tomes, Editions Saint-Paul, Luxembourg, 1991-1992. X sistemului EURO2 pe care domnia-sa l-a conceput ºi pus în operã sau fiindcã ediþia în limba românã putea fi interpretatã ca un omagiu intelectual original la cea de-a 85-a aniversare a zilei sale de naºtere. Bucuria profundã a lui Pierre Werner venea mai ales din aceea cã graþie traducerii acestor Memorii, tinerii, studenþii, cercetãtorii, publicul din România – þarã profund europeanã ºi aparþinând, precum Luxemburgul, lumii latine – vor avea prilejul sã afle desfãºurarea unor evenimente istorice ale devenirii Europei unite chiar de la unul din fãuritorii ºi protagoniºtii lor de seamã. Iniþiativa editorului de a distribui aceastã lucrare în mod gratuit bibliotecilor publice din toatã þara – salutatã cu interes de autor – a fãcut ca opera europeanã a lui Pierre Werner, al cãrei studiu era rezervat pânã atunci cu precãdere mediilor universitare academice, sã devinã accesibilã oricãrui cititor din România. Am regãsit rigoarea ºi entuziasmul lui Pierre Werner, dar ºi calitatea rarã de a-ºi pune în valoare interlocutorii, în minuþiozitatea îndelungatelor ºi plinelor de miez discuþii pe care le-am avut pe marginea acestui proiect, în atenþia cu care a selectat ºi adnotat textul pentru ediþia în limba românã, în interesul cu care a urmãrit fiecare fazã premergãtoare apariþiei cãrþii ºi, mai presus de toate, în gestul domniei-sale de a lua parte la ªedinþa academicã organizatã la Bucureºti la 11 mai 1998 sub egida UNESCO ºi al Academiei Internaþionale pentru Studiul Istoriei Culturii ºi Religiilor, împreunã cu personalitãþi luxemburgheze de marcã. Prezenþa ºi discursul domniei-sale au reprezentat un moment de istorie, de maximã emoþie ºi trãire intelectualã, care vor rãmâne în memoria afectivã a tuturor participanþilor – iluºtri exponenþi ai vieþii ºtiinþifice-academice, ecleziastice ºi politico-diplomatice din România. Pierre Werner s-a stins din viaþã la 24 iunie 2002, lãsând în urma sa o operã prezentã în viaþa de fiecare zi a continentului, iar forþa ºi originalitatea ideilor sale, în conºtiinþa spiritualã a sute de milioane de Europeni! Elena-Rodica Dãnescu Bucureºti, septembrie 2010 2 1 ianuarie 1999 – intrarea în vigoare a monedei unice europene scripturale. XI Pierre WERNER ITINERARII luxemburgheze ºi europene Pierre WERNER (29 decembrie 1913 - 24 iunie 2002) Preºedinte de Onoare al Guvernului luxemburghez Avant-propos Lorsque, entré en retraite en 1984, après 30 années de vie politique, je commençais à rédiger mes Mémoires, je ne pouvais pas imaginer qu’une partie essentielle de mes écrits paraîtrait un jour, traduite en langue roumaine, sous l’égide d’une éminente institution culturelle de Bucarest. En effet, mes «Itinéraires Luxembourgeois et Européens» s’adressaient d’abord à mes compatriotes, pour leur faire prendre consience des changements profonds et multiples intervenus après 1945, à la fois dans la position internationale du Grand-Duché et dans l’évolution des données socio-économiques de la vie des Luxembourgeois. Que se menifeste l’intérêt d’un lectorat aussi éloigné géographiquement que historiquement, est à première vue surprenant. Mais l’Union Européenne a actuellement le vent en poupe. Le Luxembourg, le plus petit Etat des six pays fondateurs, paraît bien situé pour témonigner du modèle de paix et de consensus qui depuis un demi- siècle préside à la construction européenne. La politique étrangère an cours des dernières décennies, s’est largement confondue avec sa politique européenne. Luxembourg, février 1998 XVII Cuvânt înainte Când în 1984, retrãgându-mã dupã 30 de ani de viaþã politicã, am început sã-mi scriu Memoriile, nu bãnuiam cã o parte esenþialã a scrierilor mele va vedea într-o zi lumina tiparului, tradusã în limba românã, sub egida unei eminente instituþii culturale din Bucureºti. „Itinerariile luxemburgheze ºi europene“ se adreseazã, în primul rând, compatrioþilor mei pentru a-i face sã conºtientizeze schimbãrile profunde ºi multiple care s-au petrecut dupã 1945 atât
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