Appendix 2 Local Court Citation Rules

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Appendix 2 addresses citation rules promulgated by federal, state, and other United States territorial courts. It indicates whether a jurisdiction has rules governing public domain citation, and it provides URLs and citations to information relevant to legal citation in federal, state, and territorial jurisdictions. The information in Appendix 2 is current as of January 2021. Always con- sult the most current version of a court’s rules before submitting a document to it. Court rules and online information often change. If the URL does not take you to the desired information, look at the website’s structure and design, including search boxes and tables of contents, to find where the information you seek has moved. Not all jurisdictions have published local rules concerning citation; they may, however, have preferences or practices that are not listed here. Good sources for determining alternative citation formats used in a particular jurisdiction are local rules of court, the official reports of the state’s appellate courts, and local citation manuals.

2(A) Federal Courts The Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States apply solely to the nation’s highest court. TheFederal Rules of Appellate Procedure apply to all federal circuit courts of appeal, who also may promulgate their own local rules affecting procedure and briefs. Although the tables below reflect local rules affecting citation, all federal circuit courts of appeal follow Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1, Citing Judicial Dispositions. As of January 2021, no federal court has a public domain citation rule.

United States Supreme Court

Court website: https://www.supremecourt.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.supremecourt.gov/ctrules/ 2019RulesoftheCourt.pdf

Local rules relevant to Sup. Ct. R. 34.5 (statutory citations to U.S.C. or Stat.) citation:

United States Circuit Courts of Appeal

United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

Court website: https://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/ https://www.bap1.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/sites/ca1/files/rulebook .pdf https://www.bap1.uscourts.gov/sites/bap1/files/ BAP_Rules.pdf

2.1

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Local rules relevant to 1st Cir. R. 32.1.0 (citing unpublished decisions); 1st citation: Cir. R. 32.2 (citing state decisions and law review articles); 1st Cir. BAP R. 8001-1 (abbreviation 1st Cir. BAP L.R.). United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Court website: https://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/clerk/case_filing/rules/ rules_home.html

Local rules relevant to 2d Cir. Local R. 25.1(i) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation: citation); 2d Cir. Local R. 32.1.1 (citation of summary order). United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Court website: https://www.ca3.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/legacyfiles/2011_LAR _Final.pdf

Local rules relevant to 3d Cir. R. 1.2 (abbreviation “3d Cir. L.A.R.”); 3d Cir. citation: R. 28.3(a) (citation form; hyperlinks accompanied by parallel citation to print source). United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit Court website: https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/rules-and-procedures

Local rules relevant to 4th Cir. R. 25(a)(12) (ECF hyperlink no substitute citation: for citation); 4th Cir. R. 32.1 (citing unpublished decisions). United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit Court website: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/docs/default-source/ forms-and-documents---clerks-office/rules/5thcir-iop

Local rules relevant to 5th Cir. R. 25.2.14 (ECF hyperlink no substitute citation: for citation); 5th Cir. R. 28.7 (citing unpublished decisions); 5th Cir. R. 47.5.3 (citing unpublished decisions).

Other resources: Practitioner’s Guide to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit 47–49, https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/ docs/default-source/forms-and-documents---clerks -office/documents/practitionersguide.pdf United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Court website: https://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/rules-and-procedures https://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/sites/ca6/files/ documents/bap/BapLocalRules.pdf

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Local rules relevant to 6th Cir. R. 1 (abbreviation “6 Cir. R.”); 6th Cir. R. 28(a) citation: (citing record); 6th Cir. R. 32.1(a) (citing unpublished decisions). United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Court website: http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/rules-procedures/rules/ rules.htm

Local rules relevant to 7th Cir. R. 28(f) (citing cases from U.S. Supreme citation: Court); 7th Cir. R. 32.1(d) (citing orders pre-dating Jan. 1, 2007).

Other resources: Painting with Print, https://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/ Rules/Painting _with_Print.pdf (reproducing Ruth Anne Robbins, Painting with Print, 2 J. ALWD 108 (2004)). United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit Court website: https://www.ca8.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://ecf.ca8.uscourts.gov/newrules/coa/localrules .pdf

https://ecf.ca8.uscourts.gov/newbap/rules/rules1116 .pdf

Local rules relevant to 8th Cir. R. 32.1A (citing unpublished decisions). citation: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Court website: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/library/rules/ https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/bap/2015/06/18/ baprules.pdf

Local rules relevant to 9th Cir. R. 36-3 (citing unpublished decisions); 9th citation: Cir. BAP R. 8026-2 (citing Local Rules of Bankruptcy Appeal Procedure). United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit Court website: https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/clerk/rules https://www.bap10.uscourts.gov/rules

Local rules relevant to 10th Cir. R. 28.1 (citation of references to appendix citation: and record); 10th Cir. R. 28.3 (discouraging use of passim); 10th Cir. R. 32.1 (citing unpublished decisions); 10th Cir. BAP R. 8026-10 (abbreviation “10th Cir. BAP L.R.”).

Other resources: Practitioners’ Guide to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 41 (10th rev. ed. Jan. 2020), https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/clerk/ practitioners-guide (form of citation).

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United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit Court website: https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/ courtdocs/clk/Rules_Bookmark_APR20.pdf

Local rules relevant to 11th Cir. R. 28-1(k) (form of citation, parallel citations); citation: 11th Cir. R. 28-5 (references to the record, page numbers); 11th Cir. R. 36-2 (citing unpublished decisions). United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Court website: https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/home.nsf/ Content/Court+Rules+and+Operating+Procedures

Local rules relevant to D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(2), (b) (prohibiting use of passim); citation: D.C. Cir. R. 32.1 (citing published opinions and statutes; citing unpublished decisions). United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit Court website: http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/ rules-of-practice/FederalCircuitRulesofPractice -December2019.pdf

Local rules relevant to Fed. Cir. R. 28(e) (citation form); Fed. Cir. R. 32.1(c) citation: (citing unpublished decisions).

Other Federal Courts

United States Court of Federal Claims

Court website: https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/rcfc United States Court of International Trade Court website: https://www.cit.uscourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.cit.uscourts.gov/rules-and-forms

Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation Court website: https://www.jpml.uscourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.jpml.uscourts.gov/rules-procedures United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims Court website: https://www.uscourts.cavc.gov

Court rules online: https://www.uscourts.cavc.gov/court_rules_and _procedures.php

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United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces Court website: https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov/library/Rules/ Rules2017Jun.pdf

United States District Courts Middle District of Alabama Court website: https://www.almd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.almd.uscourts.gov/forms/ almd-local-rules

Local rules relevant to M.D. Ala. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “M.D. Ala. LR” or citation: “M.D. Ala. LCrR.”). Northern District of Alabama Court website: https://www.alnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.alnd.uscourts.gov/local-rules Southern District of Alabama Court website: https://www.alsd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.alsd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to S.D. Ala. Loc. R. 1(a) (abbreviation “S.D. Ala. GenLR,” citation: “S.D. Ala. CivLR,” and “S.D. Ala. CrLR.”). District of Alaska Court website: https://www.akd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.akd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules District of Arizona Court website: https://www.azd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.azd.uscourts.gov/local-rules Eastern District of Arkansas Court website: https://www.are.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.are.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules Western District of Arkansas Court website: https://www.arwd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.arwd.uscourts.gov/local-rules Central District of California Court website: https://www.cacd.uscourts.gov/

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Court rules online: https://www.cacd.uscourts.gov/court-procedures/ local-rules

Local rules relevant to C.D. Cal. Loc. R. 5-4.3.3 (prohibiting hyperlinks); C.D. citation: Cal. Loc. R. 11-3.9 (citations to Acts of Congress, regulations, cases; parallel citations); Bankr. C.D. Cal. Loc. R. 9013-2(c) (citations to Acts of Congress, regulations, cases, pinpoint references). Eastern District of California Court website: http://www.caed.uscourts.gov/caednew/

Court rules online: http://www.caed.uscourts.gov/caednew/index.cfm/ rules/local-rules/

Local rules relevant to E.D. Cal. Loc. R. 133(i) (form of citations to federal and citation: state decisions, official California Reports) Northern District of California Court website: https://www.cand.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.cand.uscourts.gov/localrules

Local rules relevant to N.D. Cal. Loc. R. 1-1 (abbreviation “Civil L.R.”); N.D. citation: Cal. Civ. Loc. R. 3-4(d), (e) (form of citations; citing unpublished opinions). Southern District of California Court website: https://www.casd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.casd.uscourts.gov/rules/local-rules.aspx

Local rules relevant to S.D. Cal. Civ. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “CivLR”); S.D. citation: Cal. Civ. R. 5.1(l) (citations to Acts of Congress, Code of Federal Regulations); S.D. Cal. Crim. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “CrimLR”). District of Colorado Court website: http://www.cod.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.cod.uscourts.gov/Portals/0/Documents/ LocalRules/2019_Final_Local_Rules.pdf

Local rules relevant to D. Colo. Civ. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “D.C. COLO. citation: LCivR”); D. Colo. Civ. Loc. R. 7.1(e) (requiring pinpoint references); D. Colo. Crim. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “D.C. COLO. LCrR”). District of Connecticut Court website: https://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders District of Delaware Court website: https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/local-rules

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Local rules relevant to D. Del. Civ. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “D. Del. LR”); citation: D. Del. Civ. Loc. R. 7.1.3(a)(5), (6) (form of citations; citing earlier-filed documents in case). District of District of Columbia Court website: https://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/local-rules Middle District of Florida Court website: https://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to M.D. Fla. Loc. R. 7.01(b) (citation formats for admiralty, citation: maritime, and local rules). Northern District of Florida Court website: http://www.flnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.flnd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules

Local rules relevant to N.D. Fla. Adm. & Mar. R. A(2) (citation formats for citation: admiralty, maritime, and local rules). Southern District of Florida Court website: https://www.flsd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.flsd.uscourts.gov (from top menu bar, select “Attorney Resources,” then “Local Rules & Procedures”)

Local rules relevant to S.D. Fla. Adm. & Mar. R. A(2) (citation formats for citation: admiralty and maritime rules). Middle District of Georgia Court website: https://www.gamd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.gamd.uscourts.gov/local-rules Northern District of Georgia Court website: http://www.gand.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.gand.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to N.D. Ga. Loc. R. 1.1(A) (abbreviation “LR__, NDGa”); citation: N.D. Ga. Loc. R. 5.1(F) (citations to Acts of Congress, Code of Federal Regulations; pinpoint references); N.D. Ga. Crim. R. 1.1(A) (abbreviation “LCrR__, NDGa”). Southern District of Georgia Court website: https://www.gasd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.gasd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to citation: S.D. Ga. Loc. R. 7.1 (pinpoint references).

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District of Guam Court website: https://www.gud.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.gud.uscourts.gov/local_rules

Local rules relevant to D. Guam Gen. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “GNLR”); citation: D. Guam Adm. Loc. R. A(3) (abbreviation “ADLR”); Guam Code Ann. tit. 1, § 101(b) (abbreviation “GCA”). District of Hawaii Court website: https://www.hid.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.hid.uscourts.gov/base .cfm?pid=3&mid=11

Local rules relevant to D. Haw. Loc. R. 1.1 (abbreviate as “LR” or “CrimLR”); citation: D. Haw. Loc. R. 7.5 (citations to United States Code).

Other resources: Am. Gen. Order Adopting Electronic Case Filing Procedures § 12 (D. Haw. Feb. 1, 2006) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation), https://www.hid.uscourts .gov/docs/ecf/amended_general_order_2-1-06.pdf. District of Idaho Court website: https://www.id.uscourts.gov/clerks/Welcome.cfm?

Court rules online: https://www.id.uscourts.gov/clerks/rules_orders/ General_Orders.cfm Central District of Illinois Court website: https://www.ilcd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ilcd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules Northern District of Illinois Court website: https://www.ilnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ilnd.uscourts.gov/_assets/_documents/ _rules/LRRULES.pdf Southern District of Illinois Court website: https://www.ilsd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ilsd.uscourts.gov/LocalCourtRules.aspx Northern District of Indiana Court website: https://www.innd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.innd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders Southern District of Indiana Court website: https://www.insd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.insd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

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Northern District of Iowa Court website: https://www.iand.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.iand.uscourts.gov/ local-rules-federal-rules-administrative-orders

Local rules relevant to N.D. & S.D. Iowa Loc. R. 10(e) (citation to statutes). citation: Southern District of Iowa Court website: https://www.iasd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.iasd.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to N.D. & S.D. Iowa Loc. R. 10(e) (citation to statutes). citation: District of Kansas Court website: http://www.ksd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://ksd.uscourts.gov/index.php/local-rules/

Local rules relevant to D. Kan. Loc. R. 7.6(c) (citing unpublished decisions); citation: Bankr. D. Kan. Loc. R. 9004.1(b) (citing unpublished decisions). Eastern District of Kentucky Court website: http://www.kyed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.kyed.uscourts.gov/?q=local-rules Western District of Kentucky Court website: https://www.kywd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.kywd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and -orders/local-rules Eastern District of Louisiana Court website: https://www.laed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.laed.uscourts.gov/localrules/localrules .htm Middle District of Louisiana Court website: https://www.lamd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.lamd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders Western District of Louisiana Court website: https://www.lawd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.lawd.uscourts.gov/local-rules District of Maine Court website: https://www.med.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.med.uscourts.gov/local-rules

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District of Maryland Court website: https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mdd.uscourts.gov/local-rules District of Massachusetts Court website: https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mad.uscourts.gov/general/rules-home.htm Eastern District of Michigan Court website: https://www.mied.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mied.uscourts.gov/PDFFIles/ localRulesPackage.pdf

Local rules relevant to E.D. Mich. Electronic Filing Policies & Procedures citation: R. (5)(d) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation); E.D. Mich. Loc. R. 6 (citation form for referencing the record). Bankr. E.D. Mich. ECF Procedure 8(b) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Western District of Michigan Court website: https://www.miwd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.miwd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders District of Minnesota Court website: https://www.mnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mnd.uscourts.gov/sites/mnd/files/Local -Rules-Master.pdf

Other resources: Electronic Case Filing Procedures Guide: Civil Cases 6 (May 2020) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation); Electronic Case Filing Procedures Guide: Criminal Cases 6 (May 2010) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Northern District of Mississippi Court website: https://www.msnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.msnd.uscourts.gov/nodeblock/ orders-and-local-rules Southern District of Mississippi Court website: https://www.mssd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mssd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders Eastern District of Missouri Court website: https://www.moed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.moed.uscourts.gov/local-rules

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Local rules relevant to E.D. Mo. Loc. R. 1.01 (abbreviation “E.D. Mo. L.R.”); citation: E.D. Mo. Loc. R. 2.16 (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Western District of Missouri Court website: https://www.mow.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mow.uscourts.gov/sites/mow/files/Local _Rules.pdf District of Montana Court website: https://www.mtd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.mtd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to D. Mont. Loc. R. 1.5(d) (form of citations; pinpoint citation: references; permitted hyperlinking); Bankr. D. Mont. Loc. R. 5005-2(a)(7) (form of citations). District of Nebraska Court website: https://www.ned.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ned.uscourts.gov/attorney/local-rules

Local rules relevant to D. Neb. Loc. Civ. R. 10.1(a)(4) (ECF hyperlink no citation: substitute for citation); D. Neb. Loc. Crim. R. 49.2(a)(4) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation); D. Neb. Loc. Civ. R. 85.1 (abbreviation “NECivR”). District of Nevada Court website: https://www.nvd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nvd.uscourts.gov/wp-content/uploads/ 2020/04/Local-Rules-of-Practice-Amended-2020.pdf

Local rules relevant to D. Nev. Loc. R. 7-3 (citations to Acts of Congress, citation: Code of Federal Regulations, case reporters, pinpoint references; ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). District of New Hampshire Court website: https://www.nhd.uscourts.gov/ https://www.nhb.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nhd.uscourts.gov/local-rules-0 https://www.nhb.uscourts.gov/rules-and-forms

Local rules relevant to D.N.H. LR. 5.3 (citation format); D.N.H. Loc. R. App. citation: A, Supp. R. for Electronic Case Filing 2.3(i) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation); D.N.H. LBR 1050-1 (citation format, unpublished decisions); Bankr. D.N.H. Loc. R. 5072-1(e) (prohibiting citation to commercial works written or edited by judge).

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District of New Jersey Court website: https://www.njd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.njd.uscourts.gov/local-rules-and -appendices District of New Mexico Court website: https://www.nmd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nmd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules Eastern District of New York Court website: https://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/content/ local-rules-effective-october-29-2018 Northern District of New York Court website: https://www.nynd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nynd.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to N.D.N.Y. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “L.R.”); N.D.N.Y. citation: Loc. R. 12.1(a) (requiring parallel citations in memoranda of law in criminal cases). Southern District of New York Court website: https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/rules Western District of New York Court website: https://www.nywd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nywd.uscourts.gov/ rules-individual-local-federal Eastern District of North Carolina Court website: https://www.nced.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nced.uscourts.gov/rules/Default.aspx

Local rules relevant to E.D.N.C. Loc. Civ. R. 1.1 (abbreviation “Local Civil citation: Rule); E.D.N.C. Loc. Civ. R. 7.2(b), (d) (parallel citations; citing unpublished decisions); E.D.N.C. Loc. Crim. R. 1.1 (abbreviation “Local Criminal Rule”); E.D.N.C. Loc. Crim. R. 47.2(b), (d) (parallel citation citing unpublished decisions). Middle District of North Carolina Court website: https://www.ncmd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ncmd.uscourts.gov/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to M.D.N.C. Loc. Civ. R. 7.2(b), (c), (d) (form of citation; citation: citing unpublished decisions).

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Western District of North Carolina Court website: https://www.ncwd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ncwd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules District of North Dakota Court website: https://www.ndd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ndd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Other resources: Administrative Policy Governing Electronic Filing and Service XVIII(B), at 10 (Dec. 1, 2018) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). District of Northern Mariana Islands Court website: https://www.nmid.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nmid.uscourts.gov/localrules.php

Local rules relevant to D. N. Mar. I. Civ. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “LR”); citation: D. N. Mar. I. Civ. Loc. R. app. A, R. 15 (hyperlink no substitute for citation). Northern District of Ohio Court website: https://www.ohnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ohnd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to Bankr. N.D. Ohio Loc. R. 1001-1 (abbreviation “Local citation: Bankruptcy Rules” or “LBR”); Bankr. N.D. Ohio Loc. R. 9013-2(c) (citations to statutes and regulations). Southern District of Ohio Court website: https://www.ohsd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ohsd.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to S.D. Ohio Loc. Civ. R. 1.1 (abbreviation “S.D. Ohio citation: Civ. R.”; S.D. Ohio Loc. Civ. R. 7.2(b) (citations to statutes and regulations, Supreme Court citations). Eastern District of Oklahoma Court website: https://www.oked.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.oked.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders Northern District of Oklahoma Court website: https://www.oknd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.oknd.uscourts.gov (on home page, see “Quick Links” menu)

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Western District of Oklahoma Court website: https://www.okwd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.okwd.uscourts.gov/rules-procedures/ local-rules/ District of Oregon Court website: https://www.ord.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://ord.uscourts.gov/index.php/rules-orders-and -notices/local-rules

Local rules relevant to D. Or. Loc. Civ. R. 1-1 (abbreviation “LR”); D. Or. citation: Loc. Civ. R. 5-2(c)(2) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation); D. Or. Loc. Crim. R. 49-9(b) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Eastern District of Pennsylvania Court website: https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents2/ local-rules Middle District of Pennsylvania Court website: https://www.pamd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.pamd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to M.D. Pa. Loc. R. 7.8(a) (parallel citations); M.D. Pa. citation: Loc. R. 51.1 (pinpoint references to citations in jury instructions). Western District of Pennsylvania Court websites: https://www.pawd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.pawd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules District of Puerto Rico Court website: https://www.prd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.prd.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to D.P.R. Loc. R. 1(d) (citation of local rules); D.P.R. Loc. citation: R. 101(d) (citation of local rules of criminal practice). District of Rhode Island Court website: https://www.rid.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.rid.uscourts.gov/local-rules District of South Carolina Court website: https://www.scd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.scd.uscourts.gov/navtop/rules.asp

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District of South Dakota Court website: https://www.sdd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.sdd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders Eastern District of Tennessee Court website: https://www.tned.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.tned.uscourts.gov/ local-rules-and-standing-orders

Local rules relevant to E.D. Tenn. Loc. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “E.D. Tenn. citation: L.R.”); E.D. Tenn. Loc. R. 7.4 (form of citation); E.D. Tenn. Electronic Case Filing R. 16 (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Middle District of Tennessee Court website: https://www.tnmd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.tnmd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules

Local rules relevant to M.D. Tenn. Loc. R. 1.01(b) (abbreviation “Local Rules” citation: or “LR”); M.D. Tenn. Loc. R. 7.01(d) (form of citation). Western District of Tennessee Court website: https://www.tnwd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.tnwd.uscourts.gov/local-court-rules -plans.php

Local rules relevant to W.D. Tenn. Loc. Civ. R. 1.1 (abbreviations “LR” citation: and “LCrR”); W.D. Tenn. Loc. Civ. R. 7.2(h) (form of citation). Eastern District of Texas Court website: https://www.txed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.txed.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/ courtdocuments/Local Rules Combined 2019 Final.pdf Northern District of Texas Court website: http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to Bankr. N.D. Tex. R. 8014.1 (citations to record). citation: Southern District of Texas Court website: https://www.txs.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.txs.uscourts.gov/page/local-federal-rules Western District of Texas Court website: https://www.txwd.uscourts.gov/

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Court rules online: https://www.txwd.uscourts.gov/court-information/ appellate-federal-and-local-court-rules/ District of Utah Court website: https://www.utd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.utd.uscourts.gov/rules-practice

Local rules relevant to citation: D. Utah Loc. Civ. R. 7-2 (citing unpublished decisions).

Other resources: District of Utah CM/ECF and E-filing Administrative Procedures Manual 6 (Jan. 2, 2013) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation), https://www.utd.uscourts.gov/ sites/utd/files/utahadminproc.pdf. District of Vermont Court website: https://www.vtd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.vtd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders District of Virgin Islands Court website: https://www.vid.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.vid.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules

Local rules relevant to D.V.I. Civ. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviation “LRCi”); D.V.I. Civ. citation: R. 5.4(m)(2) (hyperlinks no substitute for citations). Eastern District of Virginia Court website: https://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/localrules/ LocalRulesEDVA.pdf Western District of Virginia Court website: http://www.vawd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.vawd.uscourts.gov/media/519/local _rules.pdf Eastern District of Washington Court website: https://www.waed.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.waed.uscourts.gov (from navigation bar, click “Local Rules & General Orders”)

Local rules relevant to E.D. Wash. Loc. R. 7(g) (form of citation; citing citation: unpublished decisions), E.D. Wash. Loc. R. 10(c) (citing earlier-filed ECF documents in same case).

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Western District of Washington Court website: https://www.wawd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wawd.uscourts.gov/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to W.D. Wash. Loc. Civ. R. 10(e)(6) (citations to citation: documents already in record; pinpoint references); W.D. Wash. Electronic Filing Procedures for Civ. & Crim. Cases R. III(F) (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Northern District of West Virginia Court website: https://www.wvnd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wvnd.uscourts.gov/sites/wvnd/files/ NDWV Local Rules 2018 MASTER.pdf

Local rules relevant to N.D. W. Va. Admin. Proc. for Electronic Case Filing citation: R. XV (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Southern District of West Virginia Court website: https://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/court-info/ local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to S.D. W. Va. Admin. Proc. for Electronic Case Filing citation: R. 22 (ECF hyperlink no substitute for citation). Eastern District of Wisconsin Court website: https://www.wied.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wied.uscourts.gov/local-rules-and-orders

Local rules relevant to E.D. Wis. Loc. Civ. R. 7(j) (citing unpublished citation: decisions). Western District of Wisconsin Court website: https://www.wiwd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wiwd.uscourts.gov/local-rules

Local rules relevant to W.D. Wis. Electronic Filing Procedures R. III(H) (ECF citation: hyperlink no substitute for citation). District of Wyoming Court website: https://www.wyd.uscourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wyd.uscourts.gov/court-info/local-rules -and-orders/local-rules

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2(B) State and Territorial Courts

Alabama

Court website: https://judicial.alabama.gov/

Court rules online: https://judicial.alabama.gov/library/rulesofcourt

Local rules relevant to • Ala. R. App. P. 28(a)(10) (citations shall comply with the citation: ALWD Guide or The Bluebook) • Ala. R. App. P. 28(g) (references to briefs in the record: page number should be preceded by either “C” for clerk’s record or “R” for reporter’s transcript) • Ala. R. App. P. 49 (cite as either “Alabama Rules of Appellate Procedure ___” or “ARAP ___”) • Ala. R. App. P. 53(d) (prohibiting citation to “no-opinion” affirmance by Alabama Supreme Court or Court of Civil Appeals) • Ala. R. App. P. 54(d) (prohibiting citation to “no-opinion” affirmance by Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals) • Ala. R. Civ. Proc. 85 (cite as “Alabama Rule of Civil Procedure ___”) • Ala. R. Evid. 1102 (cite as “Ala. R. Evid.__ _ ”) • Ala. R. Jud. Admin. Preamble (cite as “Alabama Rules of Judicial Administration ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: Ala. Code 1975, § section number.

Other resources: • Aimee Self Pittman, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Alabama, AALL (Dec. 2019), https://www .aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/12/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Alabama.pdf.

Alaska

Court website: https://courts.alaska.gov/

Court rules online: https://courts.alaska.gov/rules/index.htm

Local rules relevant to • Alaska Adoption R. 1(a) (cite as “Adoption Rule ___”) citation: • Alaska Child in Need of Aid R. of P. 1(a) (cite as “CINA Rule ___” or “Child in Need of Aid Rule ___”) • Alask a Delinquency R. 1(a) (cite as “Delinquency Rules ___”) • Alaska Dist. Ct. R. Civ. P. 33 (cite as “District Court Rules of Civil Procedure ___”) • Alaska R. of Admin. 51 (cite as “Rules Governing the Administration of All Courts ___”) • Alaska R. App. P. 212(c)(8) (citing to record) • Alaska R. App. P. 214(d) (citing to unpublished decisions is permitted for purposes of establishing res judicata, estoppel, or law of the case but is otherwise discouraged)

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• Alaska R. App. P. 523 (cite as “Rules of Appellate Procedure ___”) • Alaska R. App. P. Appendix D (citation guidelines) • Alaska R. Crim. P. 58 (cite as “Rules of Criminal Procedure ___”) • Alaska R. Evid. 1101 (may cite as “Alaska Rule of Evidence ___”) • Alaska R. of Prob. P. 1(a) (cite as “Probate Rule __ _ ”) • Alaska Stat. § 01.05.011 (Alaska Statutes may cite as “AS” followed by the number of the title, chapter, and section, separated by periods: AS 01.05.011)

Local practice: Statutes: AS section number.

Other resources: • Buck Sterling, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Alaska, AALL (Mar. 2018), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp -content/uploads/sites/11/2018/03/LISPSIS-PLToolkit -Alaska-2018.pdf.

Arizona

Court website: https://www.azcourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.azcourts.gov/rules

Local rules relevant to • Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 13(f) (citing to Arizona case law and citation: out-of-state case law) • Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 28(f) (limiting citation to memorandum decisions) • Ariz. R. Crim. P. 31.10(g) (citing to Arizona case law and out-of-state case law) • Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 1-101 (may cite as “A.R.S. § ___”) • Ariz. Sup. Ct. R. 111(c) (limiting citation of memorandum decisions) • Ariz. Sup. Ct. Admin. Order No. 97-67 (requiring pinpoint references to paragraph numbers for cases decided after Jan. 1, 1998) • Ariz. Super. Ct. R. App. P. Civ. 17 (may cite as “Superior Court Rules of Appellate Procedure—Civil ___”) • Ariz. Super. Ct. R. App. P. Crim. 15 (may cite as “Superior Court Rules of Appellate Procedure—Criminal ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: A.R.S. § section number.

Other resources: • Janet Fisher & Tony Bucci, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Arizona, AALL (Aug. 2019), https://www .aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/10/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Arizona.pdf.

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Arkansas

Court website: https://www.arcourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.arcourts.gov/content/ rules-supreme-court-and-court-appeals-state-arkansas

Public domain citation: Ark. R. Sup. Ct. & Ct. App. 5-2(d) (for published decisions between Feb. 14, 2009, and July 1, 2009, and all decisions issued after July 1, 2009, and available on the Arkansas Judiciary website).

Public domain citation White v. Green, 2010 Ark. 171, at 3, 2010 WL 3109899, at *2. example: White v. Green, 2012 Ark. App. 214, at 6, 2012 WL 230129, at *2.

Local rules relevant to • Ark. Code Ann. § 1-2-113(c) (abbreviation “A.C.A.”) citation: • Ark. R. Civ. P. 85 (abbreviation “ARCP”) • Ark. R. Crim. P. 1.1 (may cite as “Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure ___”) • Ark. R. Evid. 1102 (abbreviation “A.R.E. Rule _”) • Ark. R. Sup. Ct. & Ct. App. 4-2(a)(7) (parallel citations) • Ark. R. Sup. Ct. & Ct. App. 5-2 (public domain citations)

Local practice: Statutes: A.C.A. § section number.

Other resources: • Susan P. Williams & Tina Huddleson, House Style Guide (2010), https://www.arcourts.gov/sites/default/files/ House%20Style%20Guide%20September2010.pdf. • Colleen Williams, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit Suggested State Information (Arkansas), AALL, https:// www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/ 2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Arkansas.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

California

Court website: https://www.courts.ca.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.ca.gov/rules.htm

Local rules relevant to • Cal. R. Ct. 1.200 (form of citation) citation: • Cal. R. Ct. 3.1113(c) (requiring citation to official reporter, page number, and year of decision) • Cal. R. Ct. 8.204(a)(1)(C) (citing to record) • Cal. R. Ct. 8.1115 (citing to unpublished opinions)

Local practice: Statutes: Code name, § section number.

Other resources: • Edward W. Jessen, California Style Manual (4th ed. 2000), https://www.sdap.org/downloads/Style-Manual.pdf. • Elizabeth Caulfield, Locating the Law, A Handbook for Non-Law Librarians, AALL (Apr. 2018), https://www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/01/ Locating-the-Law-Sixth-Edition.pdf.

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Colorado

Court website: https://www.courts.state.co.us/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.state.co.us/Courts/Supreme_Court/Rule _Changes.cfm

Public domain citation: See Rules of the Supreme Court of Colorado, Chief Justice Directive 12-01 (cases after January 1, 2012).

Public domain citation Smith v. Jones, 2012 CO 22, ¶¶ 13–14. example: Smith v. Jones, 2014 COA 10, ¶ 20.

Local rules relevant to • Policies of the Court of Appeals, https://www.courts citation: .state.co.us/Courts/Court_Of_Appeals/Forms_Policies.cfm (prohibition against citing unpublished decisions) • Colo. App. R. 58 (abbreviate as “C.A.R.”) • Colo. R. Civ. P. 1(c) (abbreviate as “C.R.C.P.”) • Colo. R. Prob. P. 1(b) (abbreviate as “C.R.P.P.”) • Colo. R. Pro. Conduct 9 (abbreviation “Colo. RPC”) • Colo. C.J. Directive 12-01 (effective Jan. 1, 2012), https:// www.courts.state.co.us/Courts/Supreme_Court/Directives/ CJD%2012-01.pdf (optional citation; citation format; numbered paragraphs; no public domain number assigned to opinions not designated for publication)

Local practice: Statutes: § section number, C.R.S. (year).

Other resources: • Sources of Colorado Law, AALL, https://www.aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/04/LISPSIS - PLToolkit-Colorado.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

Connecticut

Court website: https://www.jud.ct.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.jud.ct.gov/PB.htm

Local rules relevant to • Conn. R. App. P. § 67-11 (form of citations to cases; parallel citation: citations; requiring citation to official reporter)

Local practice: Statutes: General Statutes § section number.

Other resources: • Anne Rajotte, Public Libraries Toolkit Connecticut, AALL, https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/ 11/2019/10/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Connecticut-2019.pdf (last visited June 23, 2020). • Ofc. Rep. Jud. Ops., The Manual of Style for Connecticut Courts (3d ed. 2013), https://www.jud.ct.gov/Publications/ Manual_of_style.pdf.

Delaware

Court website: https://courts.delaware.gov/

Court rules online: https://courts.delaware.gov/Rules/

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Local rules relevant to • Del. Code Ann. tit. 1, § 101(b) (abbreviate as “Del. C.”) citation: • Del. Fam. Ct. R. Civ. P. 107(f) (citing to unreported opinions) • Del. Fam. Ct. R. Crim. P. 1(b) (cite as “Family Court Rules of Criminal Procedure”) • Del. Sup. Ct. R. 14(g) (citing to unpublished decisions; form of citations) • Del. Sup. Ct. R. 107(d)(4)(b) (citing to unreported opinions) • Del. Super. Ct. Crim. R. P. 60 (abbreviate as “Super. Ct. Crim. R.”)

Local practice: Statutes: Title number Del. C. § section number.

Other resources: • Del. St. Bar Ass’n, Delaware Uniform Citation, AALL (2008), https://media.dsba.org/sections/Litigation/PDFs/DE _Uniform_Citation_2008.pdf. • Guide to the Delaware Rules of Legal Citation in the Superior Court of Delaware, Del. Cts. (Sept. 2004), https:// courts.delaware.gov/Superior/pdf/citation_guide.pdf

District of Columbia

Court website: https://www.dccourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.dccourts.gov/court-of-appeals/dccarules

Local rules relevant to • D.C. Ct. App. R. 27(d)(4) (citating in motions) citation: • D.C. Ct. App. R. 28(e) (citing to the record) • D.C. Ct. App. R. 28(g) (citing in briefs; restriction on citing to unpublished opinions) • D.C. Ct. App. R. 28(h) (citing to administrative agency orders, decision, and opinions) • D.C. Super. Ct. Dom. Rel. R. 1(a) (may cite as “Rules Governing Domestic Relations Proceedings of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia,” “Rules Governing Domestic Relations Proceedings,” or “Super. Ct. Dom. Rel. R. __ ”) • D.C. Super. Ct. Juv. P.R. 47 (citing opinions from D.C. Cir.) • D.C. Super. Ct. Juv. P.R. 60 (may cite as “SCR-Juvenile”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Civ. P. 85 (may cite as “Super. Ct. Civ. R. __”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Crim. P. 61 (may cite as “Super. Ct. Crim. R. __”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Governing Parentage & Support Branch 1 (may cite as “Super. Ct. P&S R. __”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Governing Proceedings Domestic Violence Div. 1(c) (may cite as “Super. Ct. Dom. Vio. R. __ _”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Mental Retardation Proceedings 1 (may cite as “Superior Court Rules-Mental Retardation” or “SCR-M.R.___”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Neglect & Abuse Proceedings 43(a) (citing to opinions from the D.C. Cir.) • D.C. Super. Ct. R. Prob. Div. 1(a) (may cite as “SCR-PD”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R.P. Landlord & Tenant Branch 1 (may cite as “Super. Ct. L&T R. ____”) • D.C. Super. Ct. R.P. Small Cl. & Conciliation Branch 1(b) (may cite as “Super. Ct. Sm. Cl. R. __”)

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District of Columbia

Local practice: Statutes: D.C. Code § section number.

Other resources: • District of Columbia Court of Appeals Citation and Style Guide, D.C. Cts. (Feb. 2019), https://www .dccourts.gov/ sites/default/files/matters-docs/DCCACitationGuide.pdf. • Susan Lewis, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit Suggested State Information for the District of Columbia, AALL (Dec. 2013), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/ uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-DC.pdf.

Florida

Court website: https://flcourts.org/

Court rules online: https://www.floridasupremecourt.org/Opinions/ Court-Rules-Other-Documents

Local rules • Fla. R. App. P. 9.010 (abbreviate as “Fla. R. App. P.”) relevant to • Fla. R. App. P. 9.800 (uniform citation system for cases, citation: statutes, rules, attorney general opinions; form of citation for other authorities) • Fla. Prob. R. 5.010 (may cite as “Fla. Prob. R.”) • Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.010 (abbreviate as “Fla. R. Civ. P.”) • Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.010 (may cite as “Fla. R. Crim. P.”) • Fla. R. Jud. Admin. 2.110 (abbreviate as “Fla. R. Jud. Admin.”) • Fla. R. Juv. P. 8.000 (may cite as “Fla. R. Juv. P.”) • Fla. R. Traffic Ct. 6.010 (abbreviate as “Fla. R. Traf. Ct.”) • Fla. Small Cl. R. 7.010(a) (abbreviate as “Fla. Sm. Cl. R.”)

Local practice: Statutes: § section number, Fla. Stat.

Other resources: • Florida Style Manual (8th ed. 2019), https://www .floridastylemanual.com/. • Edward M. Mullins & Annette C. Escobar, Florida Bar Legal Citations, Fla. State Bar (May 2008), https://www.floridabar .org/news/resources/rpt-hbk/rpt-hbk-16/. • Legal Information Services to the Public (LISP) Public Library Toolkit for Florida, AALL, https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/ wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Florida .pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

Georgia

Court websites: https://www.gasupreme.us https://www.gaappeals.us

Court rules online: https://www.gasupreme.us/rules/ https://www.gaappeals.us/rules2/index.php

Local rules relevant • Ga. Code Ann. § 1-1-8(e) (abbreviate as “O.C.G.A.”) to citation: • Ga. Ct. App. R. 24(d) (form of citation) • Ga. Sup. Ct. R. 22 (requiring citation to official reporter)

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Local practice: Statutes: O.C.G.A. § section number.

Other resources: • Georgia Bar Journal, Manuscript Format and Citation Guidelines, State Bar Ga., https://www.gabar.org/ newsandpublications/georgiabarjournal/upload/Manuscript -Format-and-Citation-Guidelines.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020). • Legal Information Services to the Public (LISP) Public Library Toolkit for Georgia, AALL (May 16, 2017), https://www.aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Georgia.pdf.

Guam

Court website: http://www.guamsupremecourt.com

Court rules online: http://www.guamsupremecourt.com/Rules-of-Procedure/ Superior-Court-Rules-of-Procedure.html

Public domain Adams v. Duenas, 1998 Guam 15 ¶ 2. citation example:

Local rules relevant • Guam Code Ann. tit. 1, § 101(b) (cite as “___ GCA ___”) to citation: • Guam R. App. P. 1 (cite as “GRAP ___”) • Guam R. App. P. 27(b)(1) (citing to unpublished opinions) • Guam L.R. Super. Ct. Gen. R. 1.1(a) (cite as “GR ___”) • Guam L.R. Super. Ct. Gen. R. 4.1(b) (form of citations)

Local practice: Statutes: title number GCA § section number.

Hawaii

Court website: https://portal.ehawaii.gov/government/hawaii-judiciary

Court rules online: https://www.courts.state.hi.us/legal_references/rules/ rulesOfCourt

Local rules relevant • Haw. Civ. Traffic R. 1 (abbreviate as “HCTR”) to citation: • Haw. Dist. Ct. R. Civ. P. 85 (may cite as “District Court Rules of Civil Procedure”) • Haw. Fam. Ct. R. 85 (abbreviate as “HFCR”) • Haw. R. App. P. 1(c) (abbreviate as “HRAP”) • Haw. R. App. P. 28(b)(1) (parallel citations; form of citation; citing to cases in online databases) • Haw. R. App. P. 35(c) (citing to unpublished opinions) • Haw. R. Civ. P. 85 (may cite as “Hawai’i Rules of Civil Procedure”) • Haw. R. Evid. 100 (cite as “Rule ___, Hawaii Rules of Evidence, Chapter 626, Hawaii Revised Statutes.”) • Haw. R. Penal P. 60 (cite as “Hawai’i Rules of Penal Procedure”)

Local practice: Statutes: HRS § section number.

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Other resources: • Hawai’i Primary Law, AALL (Feb. 27, 2014), https://www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/ LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Hawaii.pdf. • Haw. State Judiciary, A Handbook of Citation Form for Law Clerks at the Appellate Courts of the State of Hawai’i, Univ. Haw. (2008), https://www.law.hawaii.edu/sites/www.law .hawaii.edu/files/content/library/HandbookofCitationForm.pdf.

Idaho

Court website: https://isc.idaho.gov/

Court rules online: https://isc.idaho.gov/main/idaho-court-rules

Local rules relevant to • Idaho App. R. 1 (abbreviate as “I.A.R.”) citation: • Idaho App. R. 35(e) (citing to record) • Idaho Crim. R. 2(b) (abbreviate as “I.C.R.”) • Idaho Juv. R. 60 (abbreviate as “I.J.R.”) • Idaho R. Civ. P. 87 (abbreviate as “I.R.C.P.”) • Idaho R. Evid. 101(a) (abbreviate as “I.R.E.”) • Sup. Ct. Idaho Internal R. 15(e) (form of citation)

Local practice: Statutes: I.C. § section number. Practitioners commonly use parallel citations for case law.

Other resources: • Ruth Patterson Funabiki & Michael J. Greenlee, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: IDAHO, AALL (Sept. 29, 2015), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/ 11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Idaho.pdf.

Illinois

Court websites: https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/ https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/ Links/circuit.asp

Court rules online: https://www.state.il.us/court/SupremeCourt/Rules/default.asp https://www.state.il.us/court/AppellateCourt/RulesDefault.asp

Public domain Ill. Sup. Ct. R. 6 (abbreviations “IL” and “IL App” in Illinois citation: cases filed on or after July 11, 2011).

Public domain citation Cart v. Horris, 2011 IL 105432, ¶ 3. example: Cart v. Horris, 2013 IL App (4th) 160494-V, ¶ 29.

Local rules relevant to • Ill. Sup. Ct. R. 6 (form of citation for statutes, session laws, citation: pinpoint references)

Local practice: Statutes: Chapter number ILCS act number/section number.

Other resources: • Ill. Sup. Ct., Style Manual for the Supreme and Appellate Courts of Illinois (5th ed. 2017), https://www.illinoiscourts .gov/StyleManual/SupCrt_StyleManual.pdf.

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Indiana

Court websites: https://www.in.gov/judiciary/

Court rules online: https://www.in.gov/judiciary/2695.htm

Local rules relevant to • Ind. Code § 1-1-1-1 (may cite as “IC ___”) citation: • Ind. R. App. P. 22 (form of citation for cases, statutes, regulations, court rules; abbreviations for court documents) • Ind. Small Cl. R. 1(B) (may cite as “S.C. __ _ ”)

Local practice: Statutes: IC § section number.

Other resources: • Steven Richardson, Indiana Public Library Legal Toolkit, AALS, https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/ sites/11/2019/10/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Indiana.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

Iowa

Court website: https://www.iowacourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/courtRules/ courtRulesListings

Local rules relevant to • Iowa R. Preface (cite rules of civil procedure as “Iowa citation: R. Civ. P. ___”; cite rules of criminal procedure as “Iowa R. Crim. P. ___”; cite rules of appellate procedure as “Iowa R. App. P. ___”; cite rules of electronic procedure as “Iowa R. Elec. P. ___”; cite rules of professional conduct as “Iowa R. Pro. Conduct ___”; cite code of judicial conduct as “Iowa Code of Judicial Conduct __ _”; cite all other rules as “Iowa Ct. R. ___”) • Iowa R. App. P. 6.904(2), (4) (form of citation to cases, court rules; citing to unpublished decisions; pinpoint references; citing to the record) • Iowa R. Evid. 5.1103 (abbreviate as “Iowa R. Evid.”)

Local practice: Iowa Code § section number.

Other resources: • Iowa Legal Research: Sources of Iowa Law: Starting Points, Drake L., https://libguides.law.drake.edu/ c.php?g=150957&p=992568 (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

Kansas

Court website: https://www.kscourts.org/

Court rules online: https://www.kscourts.org/Rules-Orders/Rules

Local rules relevant to • Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 6.08 (parallel citations) citation: • Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 7.04(g)(B) (citing to unpublished opinions)

Local practice: Statutes: KSA § section number.

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Other resources: • Pam Crawford, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit Suggested Kansas Information, AALL (July 2019), https:// www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/ 07/LISPToolkit-Kansas2019.pdf. • Appendix C Citation Guide, Kan. Jud. Council (2018), https://www.kansasjudicialcouncil.org/Documents/ Appellate%20Practice%20Handbook/Appendix%20C -Revised%202018.pdf.

Kentucky

Court website: https://kycourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://courts.ky.gov/courts/supreme/Pages/rulesprocedures .aspx

Local rules relevant to • Ky. Fam. R.P. & Prac. 1(2) (abbreviate as “FCRPP”) citation: • Ky. Juv. R.P. & Prac. 1(A) (may cite as “JCRPP”) • Ky. R. Civ. P. 1(1) (abbreviate as “Civil Rule” or “CR”) • Ky. R. Civ. P. 76.12(4)(g) (abbreviate statutes as “KRS”; citing to cases) • Ky. R. Civ. P. 76.28(4)(c) (citing to unpublished opinions) • Ky. R. Crim. P. 1.02(1) (abbreviate as “Criminal Rule” or “RCr”) • Ky. R. Evid. 101 (abbreviate as “KRE”) • Ky. Sup. Ct. R. 1.000 (abbreviate as “SCR”)

Local practice: Statutes: KRS section number. Administrative Register: year Ky.R page number. Administrative Compilation: title KAR chapter:regulation number.

Other resources: • Marcus Walker, Public Libraries Legal Research Toolkit for Kentucky, AALL (Dec. 2019), https://www.aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/01/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Kentucky.pdf. • Kurt X. Metzmeier & Leah R. Smith, Citation of Kentucky Legal Materials, Kentucky Legal Research Manual § 11-1 to § 1-16 (4th ed. 2016).

Louisiana

Court website: https://www.lasc.org/

Court rules online: https://www.lasc.org/SupremeCourtRules

Public domain citation: La. Sup. Ct. Gen. Admin. R. 8(A)(1) (for cases after December 31, 1993)

Public domain citation Smith v. Jones, 93-2345, p. 4 (La. App. 1 Cir. 7/15/94); 660 example: So.2d 400, 404.

Smith v. Jones, 95-2345 (La. 7/1 5/1995); 650 So.2d 500.

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Local rules relevant to • La. Admin. Code tit. 1, § 103 (abbreviate Louisiana citation: Administrative Code as “LAC”) • La. Admin. Code tit. 1, § 305 (citing to Louisiana Register and abbreviate as “LR”) • La. Code Civ. P. Art. 2168(B) (citing unpublished opinions) • La. Code Crim. P. 1 (may cite as “C.Cr.P. ___”) • La. Rev. Stat. § 1:1 (abbreviate statutes as “R.S.”) • La. Sup. Ct. Gen. Admin. R. 8(A)(3) (Jan. 14, 2013) (parallel citations) • La. Unif. R. Ct. App. 2-12.4 (B)(2) (parallel citations)

Local practice: Statutes: R.S. title number:section number.

Other resources: • AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit Suggested State Information (Louisiana), AALS (Jan. 2020), https://www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/01/ LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Louisiana.pdf.

Maine

Court website: https://www.courts.maine.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.state.me.us/ rules_ adminorders/ index.html

Public domain citation: Although the 1996 administrative order authorizing public domain citations, Me. Admin. Order No. SJC-216 (Aug. 20, 1996), was withdrawn in 2005, Me. Admin. Order No. JB- 05-01 (Aug. 1, 2005) (withdrawing all administrative orders issued prior to 2005), local practice continues to use public domain citations; see also Me. Admin. Order No. JB- 05-01 (A.9-11) (Sept. 19, 2011).

Public domain citation Enker Ink Co. v. Ulysses, 1999 ME 89, ¶ 4, 708 A.2d 690, 693. example:

Local rules relevant to • Me. R. Civ. P. 85 (may cite as “Maine Rules of Civil citation: Procedure”) • Me. R. Evid. 101(d) (may cite as “Maine Rules of Evidence”)

Local practice: Statutes: Title number M.R.S. § section number.

Other resources: • Michael D. Seitzinger et al., Uniform Maine Citations, Univ. Me. L. Sch. (2019–2020), https://digitalcommons .mainelaw.maine.edu/uniform-maine-citations/15/. • AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Maine, AALL (August 2018), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/ sites/11/2019/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Maine.pdf.

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Maryland

Court website: https://www.courts.state.md.us/

Local rules relevant to • - Md. R. 1 103 (may cite as “Md. Rules” or “Rule ___”) citation: • - Md. R. 1 104(b) (citing to unpublished decisions) • - Md. R. 1 105(c)(3) (citing to various opinions) • Md. R. 6-1 03 (may cite settlement of decedents’ estate rules as “Md. Rules” or “Rule __ _”) • Md. R. 8-504(a)(1) (citing to official reports)

Local practice: Maryland rules: Md. R. number. Maryland code: Md. Code Ann. Title § section number.

Other resources: • Maryland Public Library Toolkit, Md. Cts. (July 24, 2018), https://mdcourts.gov/lawlib/using-library/for-librarians/ public-library-toolkit.

Massachusetts

Court website: https://www.mass.gov/courts/

Court rules online: https://www.mass.gov/courts/case-legal-res/rules-of-court/

Local rules relevant to • Mass. R. App. P. 16(g) (citing to cases and statutes; citation: pinpoint references) • Mass. R. App. P. 32 (abbreviate as “Mass.R.A.P.”) • Mass. R. Civ. P. 85 (abbreviate as “Mass.R.Civ.P.”) • Mass. R. Crim. P. 1(a) (abbreviate as “Mass.R.Crim.P.”) • Mass. R. Pro. Conduct 1(r) (abbreviate as “Mass. R. Prof. C.”) • Mass. Dist./Mun. Act. R. App. Div. Appeals 16(g) (citing to cases and statutes; pinpoint references) • Mass. Dist./Mun. Act. R. App. Div. Appeals 32 (may abbreviate as “Dist./Mun.Cts.R.A.D.A.”)

Local practice: Statutes: G.L. c. chapter number, § section number.

Other resources: • Brian H. Redmond, Massachusetts Reports Style Manual, Mass.gov (2016–2017), https://www.mass.gov/files/ documents/2017/10/23/SJCstyleGuide.pdf. • Barbara Schneider, Meg Hayden, Michelle Pearse & Suzanne Hoey, AALL LISP Public Library Toolkit Massachusetts, AALL, https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp -content/uploads/sites/11/2020/06/LISPSIS-PLToolkit - Massachusetts.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

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Michigan

Court website: https://courts.michigan.gov/Pages/default.aspx

Court rules online: https://courts.michigan.gov/courts/michigansupremecourt/ rules/pages/current-court-rules.aspx

Local rules relevant to • Mich. Ct. R. 1.101 (abbreviate as “MCR”) citation: • Mich. Ct. R. 7.215(C)(1) (restricting citation to unpublished opinions) • Mich. R. Evid. 1102 (abbreviate as “MRE”) • Mich. R. Pro. Conduct 1.0(a) (abbreviate as “MRPC”)

Local practice: Statutes: MCL chapter number.section number.

Other resources: • Michigan Appellate Opinion Manual, Mich. Cts. (Dec. 2017), https://courts.michigan.gov/courts/michigansupremecourt/ documents/miappopmanual.pdf. • Mich. State L. Libr., Common Legal Citations and Where to Find Them, Michigan.gov (June 2016), https://www .michigan.gov/documents/libraryofmichigan/LM_2016 _Common_Legal_Citations_528474_7.pdf. • Ruth S. Stevens, AALL LISP Public Library Toolkit Massachusetts, AALL (March 2019), https://www .aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/03/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Michigan.pdf.

Minnesota

Court website: https://www.mncourts.gov

Court rules online: https://www.mncourts.gov/SupremeCourt/Court-Rules.aspx

Local rules relevant to • Minn. Gen. R. Prac. 1.01 (cite as “Minn. Gen. R. Prac. ___.”) citation: • Minn. R. Civ. P. 85 (may cite as “Rules of Civil Procedure”) • Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 136.01(1)(c) (restricting citation to unpublished or order opinions) • Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 146 (may cite as “Rules of Civil Appellate Procedure”) • Minn. Stat. § 480A.08 (citing unpublished opinions)

Local practice: Statutes: Minn. Stat. § section number.

Other resources: • Sarah Larson, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit for Minnesota, AALS (Sept. 2018), https://www.aallnet .org.lispsis/wp-content/upload/sites/11/2019/03/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Minnesota.pdf. • Citing Minnesota Legal Sources, Minn. State Legislature, https://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/leghist/citations (last visited Oct. 20, 2020) (form of citations to constitution, statutes, session laws, court rules, legislative materials).

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Mississippi

Court website: https://courts.ms.gov/

Court rules online: https://courts.ms.gov/research/rules/rules.php

Public domain citation: Miss. R. App. P. 28(f) (for cases decided from and after July 1, 1997).

Public domain citation Smith v. Jones, 95-KA-01234-SCT (¶ 1) (Miss. 1997). example:

Local rules relevant to • Miss. R. App. P. 28(f)(2) (citing to opinions) citation: • Miss. R. App. P. 35-A(b) (restriction on citing to unpublished opinions from the Miss. Supreme Court) • Miss. R. App. P. 35-B(b) (restriction on citing to unpublished opinions from the Miss. Court of Appeals) • Miss. R. App. P. 49 (abbreviate as “M.R.A.P.”) • Miss. R. Civ. P. 85 (abbreviate as “M.R.C.P.”) • Miss. R. Crim. P. 1.1 (abbreviate as “MRCrP”) • Miss. R. Evid. 1102 (abbreviate as “M.R.E.”) • Miss. Unif. Civ. R. Cir. & Cnty. Ct. Prac. 1.01 (abbreviate as “UCRCCC”)

Local practice: Statutes: M.C.A. Section section number or Miss. Code. Ann. section section number.

Other resources: • Justin R. Huckaby, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Mississippi, AALL, https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/ wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit -Mississippi.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

Missouri

Court website: https://www.courts.mo.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.mo.gov/page.jsp?id=103124

Local rules relevant to • Mo. R. Governing Mo. Bar & Judiciary 1.01 (rules known citation: as “Supreme Court Rules” and cite individual rules as “Rule ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: § section number, RSMo. Appellate Court Decisions: Mo. App. [District] Supreme Court Decisions: Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30 (Mo. banc 1976).

Other resources: • Show Me Citations, Thomas Patrick Deaton, https://www .thomaspatrickdeaton.com/ShowMeCitations2019-0206.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020). • Wanda M. Temm et al., Missouri Legal Research (4th ed. 2021).

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Montana

Court website: https://courts.mt.gov

Court rules online: https://courts.mt.gov/Courts/rules

Public domain citation: In re The Matter of Opinion Forms and Citation Standards of the Supreme Court of Montana, Mont. Cts. (Dec. 16, 1997), https://courts.mt.gov/Portals/189/library/docs/cite _cases.pdf.

Public domain citation Tyson, Inc. v. Roe, 1998 MT 12, ¶ 12, 286 Mont. 175, ¶ 12, example: 989 P.2d 1312, ¶ 12.

Local rules relevant to • Mont. R. App. P. 1 (abbreviate as “M. R. App. P.”) citation: • Mont. R. Civ. P. 85 (abbreviate as “M. R. Civ. P.”) • Mont. Code Ann. Preface at https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/ help.htm (cite as “MCA ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: § section number, MCA. Administrative compilation: ARM rule number (eff. Month day, year)

Other resources: • Montana Public Library Legal Information Toolkit, AALL, https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/ 11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Montana.pdf (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

Nebraska

Court website: https://www.supremecourt.ne.gov/

Court rules online: https://supremecourt.nebraska.gov/supreme-court-rules

Local rules relevant to • Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § 2-109(C) (form of citation; citation citation: to record, official reports, statutes, session laws, secondary sources; pinpoint references) • Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § 2-112(C) (online opinions in PDF format are authenticated and official as of Jan. 1, 2016) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. Ch. 1 Title Page (cite as “Neb. Ct. R. § __ _” unless otherwise noted) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. Ch. 2 Title Page (cite as “Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § ___”) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. Ch. 3 Art. 5 (cite as “Neb. Ct. R. of Prof. Cond. § ___”) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. Ch. 5 Art. 3 (cite as “Neb. Rev. Code of Judicial Conduct § ___”) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. Ch. 6 Art. 3 (cite as “Neb. Ct. R. Disc. § ___”) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. Ch. 6 Art. 11 (cite as “Neb. Ct. R. Pldg. § ___”) • Neb. Sup. Ct. R. § 6-1505(C) (parallel citations)

Other resources: • Stefanie Pearlman, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Nebraska, AALL (July 2014), https://www.aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Nebraska.pdf. • Public Library Toolkit-Nebraska: Introduction, Neb. Coll. L., https://schmidguides.unl.edu/ NebraskaPublicLibraryToolikit (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

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Nevada

Court website: https://nvcourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Legal/LawLibrary/ CourtRules/index.cfm

Local rules relevant to • Nev . Dist. Ct. R. 12.5 (citing to Nevada official reports; citation: parallel citations to U.S. Supreme Court cases) • Nev. Just. Ct. R. Civ. P. 85 (may cite as “JCRCP”) • Nev. R. App. P. 36(c) (citing to unpublished opinions) • Nev. R. App. P. 48 (abbreviate as “NRAP”) • Nev. R. Civ. P. 85 (abbreviate as “NRCP”) • Nev. R. Governing Alt. Disp. Resol. B(2)(D) (cite as “Nevada Arbitration Rules” or abbreviate as “N.A.R. ___”) • Nev. R. Governing Alt. Disp. Resol. C(1)(B) (cite as “Nevada Mediation Rules” or abbreviate as “N.M.R. ___”) • Nev. Rev. Stat. § 220.170(4) (abbreviate as “NRS”) • Nev. Short Trial R. 35 (abbreviate as “N.S.T.R.”) • Nev. Sup. Ct. R. 1 (abbreviate as “S.C.R.”)

Local practice: Statutes: NRS section number.

Other resources: • How to Locate the Law: A Guide to Locating Nevada Law and Legal Resources, Nev. Cts. (July 2019), https:// nvcourts.gov/uploadedFiles/courtsnvgov/Content/Law _Library/How_Do_I/How%20to%20Locate%20the%20 Law%20-%20A%20Guide%20to%20Locating%20 Nevada%20Law%20and%20Legal%20Resources .pdf?fbclid=IwAR3gM6k-J2Qvkwi26TMZ0mdT -Hyn0VT1QCm0oTtiRBtTvEUfrIQ0Lk9kjdU.

New Hampshire

Court website: https://www.courts.state.nh.us/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.state.nh.us/rules/index.htm

Local rules relevant to • N.H. R. Evid. 1103 (may cite as “New Hampshire citation: Rules of Evidence”) • N.H. Sup. Ct. R. 12-D(3) (citing to orders) • N.H. Sup. Ct. R. 16(9) (citing to record) • N.H. Sup. Ct. R. 20(2) (citing to unpublished opinions) • N.H. Sup. Ct. R. 25(5) (citing to summary dispositions) • N.H. Supplemental R. Sup. Ct. Elec. Filing 1 (abbreviate as “Sup. Ct. Supp. R. __ __.”)

Local practice: Statutes: RSA section number.

Other resources: • Mary S. Searles, Public Libraries Toolkit New Hampshire, AALL (Dec. 2019), https://www .aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/12/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Newhampshire.pdf.

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New Jersey

Court website: https://www.njcourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://njcourts.gov/attorneys/rules.html

Local rules relevant to • N.J. Ct. R. 1:1-3 (cite court rules as “R. section number”) citation: • N.J. Ct. R. 2:6-2(a)(6) (citing to official reports and regional reporters) • N.J. R. Evid. 1103 (abbreviate as “N.J.R.E.”) • N.J. Ct. R. 1:36-3 (citing to unpublished opinions) • N.J. Stat. 1:1-5.1 (abbreviate Revised Statutes as “R.S”; abbreviate New Jersey Statutes as “N.J.S. ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: N.J.S.A. section number. Administrative Code: N.J.A.C. section number. Cases: Harris v. Jerdas, 1 N.J. 102 (1948). Jadesre v. Williams, 1 N.J. Super. 102 (App. Div. 1948). Ibid. (instead of Id.)

Other resources: • New Jersey Manual on Style for Judicial Opinions, N.J. Cts. (2017), https://www.njcourts.gov/attorneys/ assets/attyresources/manualonstyle.pdf. • New Jersey Law, Rutgers Univ. Librs., https:// libguides.rutgers.edu/c.php?g=336646&p=2266767 (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

New Mexico

Court websites: https://supremecourt.nmcourts.gov/ https://coa.nmcourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://supremecourt.nmcourts.gov/rules.aspx

Public domain citation: N.M. R. Ann. 23-112 & Appendix (as amended by N.M. Sup. Ct. Order No. 13-8300-013, effective July 1, 2013, for papers to be filed on or after Aug. 1, 2013).

Public domain citation Full cite: Bianco v. Horror One Prods., 2009-NMSC-006, example: ¶ 10, 145 N.M. 551, 202 P.3d 810. Short cite: Bianco, 2009-NMSC-006, ¶ 10.

Local rules relevant to • N.M. R. App. P. 12-101(B) (cite rules of appellate citation: procedure as “NMRA, 12-___.”) • N.M. R. App. P. 12-405(D) (citing to unpublished opinions) • N.M. Child.’s Ct. R. 10-101(E) (cite children’s court rules as “Rule 10-___ NMRA.”) • N.M. R. Civ. P. Dist. Cts. 1-001 (cite rules of civil procedure for district courts as “Rule 1-____ NMRA”) • N.M. R. Crim. Proc. Dist. Cts. 5-101(D) (cite rules of criminal procedure for district courts as “NMRA, Rule 5-___”) • N.M. Sup. Ct. R. 23-112(B) (setting out requirements for citing cases, statutes, court rules, jury instructions, forms, and administrative code)

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Local practice: Statutes: NMSA 1978, § section number.

Other resources: • Kristin Greer Love, New Mexico Public Library Legal Toolkit, AALL (Aug. 2019), https://www .aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uloads/sites/11/2019/08/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Newmexico.pdf. • Appendix to Rule 23-112 NMRA, https://artifacts. casetext.com/artifacts/201923-112_appendix_5 (last visited Oct. 20, 2020).

New York

Court website: https://www.courts.state.ny.us/

Court rules online: https://ww2.nycourts.gov/rules/index.shtml

Local rules relevant to • N.Y.C.P.L.R. 5529(e) (citation of New York cases to citation: official reports; parallel citations for cases from other jurisdictions) • N.Y. Ct. App. R. 500.1(g) (parallel citations)

Local practice: Statutes: Statutory subject § section number.

Other resources: • New York Official Reports Style Manual (Kathleen B. Hughes et al., eds., 2017), https://www.nycourts .gov/reporter/style-manual/2017/2017-SM.htm (includes 2019 cumulative electronic updates). • New York Law Guide, AALL (May 29, 2015), https:// www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/ 2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Newyork.pdf.

North Carolina

Court website: https://www.nccourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.nccourts.gov/courts/supreme-court/ court-rules

Public domain citation: Administrative Order Concerning the Formatting of Opinions and the Adoption of a Universal Citation Form, N.C. Cts. (Dec. 4, 2019), https://www .nccourts .gov/assets/news-uploads/Universal%20citation%20 Format%20Order%20FINAL%204%20Dec%202019.pdf?7 m86pomEvCO573EWh6ZBTRoeDtqkmSvc (for opinions filed on or after Jan. 2, 2021).

Public domain citation State v. Smith, 375 N.C. 152, 2020-NCSC-45, ¶ 16. example: State v. Smith, 255 N.C. App. 43, 2020-NCCOA-118, ¶ 23.

Local rules relevant to • N.C. R. App. P. 1(a) (cite rules of appellate procedure citation: as “N.C. R. App. R.___”) • N.C. R. App. P. 9(b)(4) (cite “record pages” in records of appeal as “(R p ___).”) • N.C. R. App. P. 30(e) (citing to unpublished decisions “disfavored”)

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• N.C. R. App. P. App. B (form of citation; parallel citations) • N.C. Bus. Ct. R. 1.5 (cite business court rules as “BCR ___”) • N.C. Bus. Ct. R. 7.5 (citing to decisions published in a commercial database only)

Local practice: Statutes: N.C.G.S. § number.

Other resources: • N.C. Bar Ass’n App. Rules Committee, A Style Manual for the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure, N.C. Bar (Dec. 2019), https://www .ncbar.org/wp -content/uploads/2020/05/appellatestylemanual.pdf. • Michelle Modic, AALL LISP Public Library Toolkit: North Carolina, AALL (Apr. 2014), https://www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/ 01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Ncarolina.pdf.

North Dakota

Court website: https://www.ndcourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.ndcourts.gov/legal-resources/rules

Public domain citation: N.D. R. Ct. 11.6 (for cases decided on or after Jan. 1, 1997).

Public domain citation Before publication in the North Western Reporter: Smith example: v. Jones, 1997 ND 15, ¶ 21. After publication in the North Western Reporter: Smith v. Jones, 1997 ND 15, ¶ 21, 600 N.W.2d 900.

Local rules relevant to • N.D. R. App. P. 48 (cite as “N.D.R.App.P. ___”) citation: • N.D. R. Ct. 11.7 (cite as “N.D.R.Ct.”) • N.D. R. Civ. P. 85 (cite as “N.D.R.Civ.P. ___”) • N.D. R. Crim. P. 60 (cite as “N.D.R.Crim.P. ___”) • N.D. R. Evid. 1103 (cite as “N.D.R.Ev. ___”) • N.D. R. Juv. P. 21(c) (cite as “N.D.R.Juv.P. ___”) • N.D. R. Pro. Conduct 9.1 (cite as “N.D.R. Prof. Conduct ___”) • N.D. Sup. Ct. Admin. R. 42 (cite as “N.D. Sup. Ct. Admin. R. ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: N.D.C.C. § section number.

Other resources: • North Dakota Supreme Court Citation Manual, N.D. Cts. (July 26, 2000), https://www.ndcourts.gov/ supreme-court/citation-manual. • Anna Blaine, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: North Dakota, AALL (Mar. 20, 2015), https://www.aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Ndakota.pdf.

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Northern Mariana Islands

Court website: https://nmijudiciary.com https://www.justice.gov/jmd/ls/northern-mariana-islands

Court rules online: https://cnmilaw.org/courtrule.php#gsc.tab=0

Public domain citation: In re Adoption of Universal Citations for Appellate Opinions Without Such Citations, N. Mar. I. Sup. Ct. Gen. Order No. 2004-100 (assigning public domain citations to cases decided issued subsequent to publication of N.M.I. Reporter, Vol. 5, but prior to effective date of 2001 public domain citation order), https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/orders/ GO-04-100.pdf; In re Adoption of Universal Citations for Appellate Opinions, N. Mar. I. Sup. Ct. Gen. Order No. 2001-100 (applying to cases published after June 12, 1996, and opinions published in N.M.I. Reporter, Vol. 5 and subsequent volumes), https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/ orders/GO-01-100.pdf.

Public domain citation Am. Constr., Inc. v. Salgado, 1997 MP 26 ¶ 4. example:

Local rules relevant to • In re Citation to Local Case Law, N. Mar. I. Sup. Ct. citation: Gen. Order No. 2000-200, https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/ orders/GO-00-200.pdf (requiring citations to local cases where relevant) • N. Mar. I. R. Civ. P. Table of Contents (cite as “NMI R. Civ. P. ___”) • N. Mar. I. R. Civ. P. 82.2 (citing to cases) • N. Mar. I. R. Crim. P. 59 (cite as “Com.R.Cr.P. ___”) • N. Mar. I. R. Evid. 1103 (cite as “NMI R. Evid. ___”) • N. Mar. I. R. Prob. P. 28 (cite as “Com. R. Pro. ___”) • N. Mar. I. Sup. Ct. R. Table of Contents (cite as “NMI Sup. Ct. R. ___”) • N. Mar. I. Sup. Ct. R. 32.1(a) (citing unpublished decisions) • N. Mar. I. Sup. Ct. Admin. Or. No. 2007-ADM-0013-MSC (citation of slip opinions) • N. Mar. I. Tax R. Prac. P. 152(c) (citing to oral opinions)

Local practice: Constitution: NMI Const. art. article number. Statutes: Title number CMC § section number.

Other resources: • Commonwealth L. Revision Comm’n, http:// www .cnmilaw.org/courtrule.php#gsc.tab=0. • Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court Style Manual, Commonwealth L. Revision Comm’n (Jan. 1, 2017), https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/courtrules/R27.pdf.

Ohio

Court website: https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/LegalResources/ Rules/

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Public domain citation: Ohio Sup. Ct., Writing Manual: A Guide to Citations, Style, and Judicial Opinion Writing § 1.1 (2d ed. 2013) (for cases decided after Apr. 30, 2002).

Public domain citation Cleveland v. Ohio Bureau of Workers’ Comp., 159 Ohio example: St.3d 459, 2020-Ohio-337, 152 N.E.3d 172, ¶ 11.

Local rules relevant to • Ohio R. App. P. 42 (abbreviate as “App.R. ___”) citation: • Ohio R. Civ. P. 85 (abbreviate as “Civ.R. ___”) • Ohio R. Crim. P. 60 (abbreviate as “Crim.P. ___”) • Ohio R. Evid. 1103 (abbreviate as “Evid.R. ___”) • Ohio R. Juv. P. 48 (abbreviate as “Juv. R. ___”) • Ohio R. Pro. Conduct Form of Citation (abbreviate as “Prof. Cond. Rule ___”) • Ohio Sup. Ct. Prac. R. 1.05 (abbreviate as “S.Ct. Prac.R. ___”) • Ohio 3d Dist. Ct. App. R. 7(C) (citations to record; prohibiting citations in footnotes; pinpoint references) • Ohio 6th Dist. Ct. App. R. 10(C) (citing to the record; prohibiting citations in footnotes; pinpoint references) • Ohio 8th Dist. Ct. App. R. 16(C) (prohibiting citations in footnotes) • Ohio 9th Dist. Ct. App. R. 7(G) (pinpoint references) • Ohio 10th Dist. R. 8(A)(3) (form of citations) • Ohio 11th Dist. Ct. App. R. 16 (citing to the record) • Ohio 12th Dist. Ct. App. R. 16(A)(1), (C) (citing to the record; parallel citations).

Local practice: Statutes: R.C. section number.

Other resources: • Ohio Sup. Ct., Writing Manual: A Guide to Citations, Style, and Judicial Opinion Writing (2d ed. 2013), https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/manual.pdf. • Brian E. Cassidy, Public Library Toolkit: Ohio, AALL (Apr. 2014), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/ uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Ohio.pdf.

Oklahoma

Court website: https://www.oscn.net/v4/

Court rules online: https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index .asp?ftdb=STOKRU&level=2

Public domain citation: Okla. Crim. App. R. 3.5(C); Okla. Sup. Ct. R. 1.200(f) (applying to Oklahoma cases decided after May 1, 1997).

Public domain citation Skinner v. Braum’s Ice Cream Store, 1995 OK 11, ¶ 9, example: 890 P.2d 922.

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Local rules relevant to • Okla. Crim. App. R. 3.5(C)(3) (citing to unpublished citation: opinions) • Okla. R. Crim. App. 1.0(D) (cite as “Rule ___, Rule of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, Title 22, Ch.18, App. (year).”) • Okla. Sup. Ct. R. 1.1(a) (abbreviate as “Okla.Sup. Ct.R. ___”) • Okla. Sup. Ct. R. 1.11(l) (citations to National Reporter System; parallel citations to U.S. Supreme Court cases) • Okla. Sup. Ct. R. 1.200(b)(5), (c), (d) (citation of unpublished decisions; citation prior to issuance of mandate) • Okla. Sup. Ct. R. 1.200(e) (pinpoint references; parallel citations; citations of non-majority opinions; citation to jury instructions)

Local practice: Statutes: Title number O.S. § section number.

Other resources: • Court Rules, LegalAidOKLaw.org, https://oklaw.org/ court-rules (last visited Apr. 4, 2021). • Oklahoma Legal Research: Oklahoma Court Structure, LibGuides.okcu.edu, https://libguides.okcu.edu/ c.php?g=225271.pdf (last visited Apr. 19, 2021).

Oregon

Court website: https://www.courts.oregon.gov/Pages/default.aspx

Court rules online: https://www.courts.oregon.gov/rules/Pages/default.aspx

Local rules relevant to • Or. R. App. P. 1.10(1) (abbreviate as “ORAP”) citation: • Or . R. App. P. 5.20(3), (5), (6) (citing to the record; referring to Oregon Appellate Courts Style Manual for citation form; prohibiting citation to unpublished decisions) • Or. R. App. P. 5.35(3) (discouraging use of passim and et seq.) • Or. R. App. P. 16.50(1)(c) (hyperlink no substitute for citation) • Or. R. Civ. P. 1(G) (abbreviate as “ORCP”) • Or. Tax Ct. Magis. Div. Preface (cite as “TCR-MD ___”) • Or. Tax Ct. Reg. Div. R. Preface (cite as “TCR ___”) • Or. Unif. Trial Ct. R. 1.070(1), (2) (abbreviate as “UTCR,” and supplementary local rules as “SLR”) • Or. Unif. Trial Ct. R. 2.010(13) (citing to Oregon cases)

Local practice: Statutes: ORS section number. Cases: Do not use periods in reporter abbreviations (e.g., Or App).

Other resources: • Oregon Appellate Courts Style Manual, Or. Cts. (2018), https://www.courts.oregon.gov/ publications/Documents/UpdatedStyleManual2002 .pdf. • Jaye Barlous, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit Suggested State Information (Oregon), AALL (June 24, 2014), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/ uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Oregon.pdf.

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Pennsylvania

Court website: https://www.pacourts.us/

Local rules relevant to • Pa. R. App. P. 101 (abbreviate as “Pa.R.A.P.”) citation: • Pa. R. App. P. 126(b) (citing to unpublished opinions) • Pa. R. App. P. 2119(b) (citing to statutes; citing to official report and regional reporter) • Pa. R. Civ. P. 51 (abbreviate as “Pa.R.C.P. No.”) • Pa. R. Evid. 101(b) (cite as “Pa.R.E. ___”)

Local practice: Statutes: Title number Pa.C.S.A. § section number.

Other resources: • Pa. Bar Inst., PAstyle: A PA Stylebook and Citation Guide for Legal Writing (7th ed. 2019).

Puerto Rico

Court website: https://www.ramajudicial.pr/ (in Spanish)

Court rules online: https://www.ramajudicial.pr/leyes/index.htm (in Spanish)

Public domain citation: P.R. Sup. Ct. Resolution (June 11, 1999) (applying to cases beginning Jan. 1, 1998).

Public domain citation Yumac Home Furniture v. Caguas Lumber Yard, 2015 example: TSPR 148.

Local rules relevant to • P.R. Sup. Ct. R. 44(d) (citing unpublished decisions). citation:

Local practice: Statutes: Title number LPRA sec. section number. (Join multiple section numbers with conjunction “y.”)

Rhode Island

Court website: https://www.courts.ri.gov/Pages/default.aspx

Court rules online: https://www.courts.ri.gov/Courts/SupremeCourt/Pages/ Supreme%20Court%20Rules.aspx

Local rules relevant to • R.I. Dist. Ct. Civ. R. 1(a) (cite as “D.C.R.”) citation: • R.I. Dist. Ct. R. Crim. P. 1(a) (cite as “Dist.R.Crim.P.”) • R.I. Dist. Ct. R. Small Cl. P. 1.01 (cite as “D.C.R.S.C.P.”) • R.I. Family Ct. R. Dom. Rel. P. 1(a)(2) (cite as “R.Dom. Rel.P.”) • R.I. R. Juv. P. 1(a) (cite as “R.Juv.P. ___”) • R.I. Sup. Ct. R. 16(j) (prohibiting citation to unpublished orders) • R.I. Super. Ct. Civ. P. 1(a) (abbreviate as “Super.R.Civ.P.”) • R.I. Super. Ct. R. Crim. P. 1(a) (abbreviate as “Super.R.Crim.P.”) • R.I. Super. Ct. R. Prac. 1.1 (cite as “R.P.”)

Local practice: Statutes: R.I.Gen.Laws § section number. or G.L. § section number.

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Other resources: • Karen Quinn, AALL Public Libraries Toolkit Rhode Island, AALL (2019), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/ wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/11/LISPSIS-PLToolkit -Rhodeisland.pdf.

South Carolina

Court website: https://www.sccourts.org/

Court rules online: https://www.sccourts.org/courtreg/

Local rules relevant to • S.C. App. Ct. R. 101(b) (cite as “Rule __ _ , SCACR”) citation: • S.C. App. Ct. R. 268 (form of citation; abbreviations of all court rules) • S.C. Fam. Ct. R. 1 (cite as “Rule ___, SCRFC”) • S.C. R. Civ. P. 85(a) (cite as “Rule ___, SCRCP”) • S.C. R. Crim. P. 38 (cite as “Rule ___, SCRCrimP”) • S.C. R. Evid. 1103 (cite as “Rule ___, SCRE”)

Other resources: • Paula Gail Benson, A Guide to South Carolina Legal Research and Citation (3d ed. 2014). • Circuit Riders: Legal Research Training for Non-Lawyers, Univ. S.C. Sch. L. Coleman Karesh L. Lib., https://guides.law.sc.edu/CircuitRiders/ UPLLegalReference (includes links to primary law sources).

South Dakota

Court website: https://ujs.sd.gov/Supreme_Court/

Court rules online: https://ujs.sd.gov/Supreme_Court/Rules.aspx

Public domain citation: S.D. R. App. P. § 15-26A-69.1(2) (applying to South Dakota cases decided since Jan. 1, 1996).

Public domain citation State v. Bergee, 2008 S.D. 67, ¶ 3, 753 N.W.2d 911, 912. example:

Local rules relevant to • S.D. R. App. P. § 15-26A-69.1 (pinpoint references; citation: parallel citations) • S.D. R. Civ. P. § 15-6-85 (cite as “RCP”) • S.D. R. Civ. App. P. § 15-26A-93 (cite as “S.D.R.C. App.P. Rule ___”) • S.D. Sup. Ct. R. § 13-12(B)(8) (effective July 1, 2014, in circuit court electronic filing, pinpoint references to paragraph numbers)

Local practice: Statutes: SDCL section number.

Other resources: • Leslie Greenwood, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit for South Dakota, AALL, https://www.aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS - PLToolkit-Sdakota.pdf (last visited June 29, 2020).

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Tennessee

Court website: http://www.tsc.state.tn.us/

Court rules online: http://www.tsc.state.tn.us/courts/rules

Local rules relevant to • Tenn. Code Ann. § 1-2-101(a) (abbreviate as “T.C.A.”) citation: • Tenn. Ct. App. R. 12 (citing to unpublished decisions) • Tenn. Ct. Crim. App. R. 19(4) (citing to unpublished decisions) • Tenn. R. App. P. 27(h) (form of citation; pinpoint references) • Tenn. R. Crim. P. 60 (cite as “Tenn. R. Crim. P.”) • Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 1 (cite as “T.R.A.P. ___” or “Tenn.R.App.P. ___”) • Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 4(E)(2) (citing to unpublished decisions) • Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 8 Scope ¶ 24 (abbreviate professional conduct rules as “Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 8, RPC ___”) • Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28 § 12 (abbreviation for post- conviction rules as “Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § __ _”).

Local practice: Statutes: T.C.A. § section number.

Other resources: • Nathan Collins, Suggested State Information for Tennessee, AALL (May 2015), https://www.aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Tennessee.pdf.

Texas

Court website: http://www.courts.state.tx.us/

Court rules online: http://www.courts.state.tx.us/rules-forms/rules-standards/

Local rules relevant to • Tex. R. App. P. 47.7 (citing to unpublished decisions) citation: • Tex. 4th Ct. App. R. 8 cmt. (form of citation; pinpoint references; citations to record) • Tex. R. App. P. 77.3 (citing to unpublished Court of Criminal Appeals opinions)

Other resources: • Texas Law Review Ass’n, The Greenbook: Texas Rules of Form (14th ed. 2018). • Alessandra Ziek Beavers, O’Connor’s Texas Civil Appeals (2021) (see appendix for citation forms).

Utah

Court websites: https://www.utcourts.gov/index.html

Court rules online: https://www.utcourts.gov/resources/rules/index.htm

Public domain citation: Utah R. App. P. 24(f) (applying to Utah cases decided on or after Jan. 1, 1999).

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Public domain citation State v. Nielsen, 2014 UT 10, ¶ 4, 326 P.3d 645. example:

Local rules relevant to • Utah R. App. P. 30(f) (citing to unpublished decisions) citation: • Utah R. Civ. P. 85 (cite as “U.R.C.P.”) • Utah R. Crim. P. 37 (citing to unpublished decisions) • Utah R. Juv. P. 1(c) (cite as “Utah R. Juv. P.”)

Local practice: Statutes: Utah Code § section number.

Other resources: • Kenneth A. Hanson, Rulewriting Manual for Utah (12th ed. 2013), https://rules.utah.gov/agencyresources/ manual-rw/index.html. • Jessica Van Buren, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit Utah Information, AALL (Feb. 2020), https://www.aallnet .org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/02/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Utah.pdf.

Vermont

Court website: https://www.vermontjudiciary.org

Court rules online: https://www.vermontjudiciary.org/attorneys/rules

Public domain citation: Vt. R. App. P. 28.2(a)–(c) (applying to Vermont Supreme Court cases decided after Jan. 1, 2003; public domain citations to cases from other jurisdictions).

Public domain citation State v. Velez, 2003 VT 1, ¶ 2, 175 Vt. 23, 819 A.2d 712. example:

Local rules relevant to • Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 1, § 51 (cite as “___ V.S.A. § ___”) citation: • Vt. R. App. P. 1(d) (cite as “V.R.A.P. ___”) • Vt. R. App. P. 28.2(d) (citing to unpublished decisions)

Local practice: Statutes: Title number V.S.A. § section number.

Other resources: • AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Vermont Information, AALL (Jan. 2020), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/ wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit -Vermont.pdf.

Virgin Islands

Court websites: https://supreme.vicourts.org/ https://superior.vicourts.org/

Court rules online: https://www.vicourts.org/rules

Local rules relevant to • V.I. Code Ann. tit. 1, § 1(b) (cite as “title number citation: V.I.C. section, chapter, or part number”) • V.I. R. App. P. 1(a) (cite as “V.I.R.App.P.”) • V.I. R. App. P. 22(i) (form of citations; parallel citations)

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Virginia

Court website: http://www.courts.state.va.us/

Court rules online: http://www.courts.state.va.us/courts/scv/rulesofcourt.pdf

Local rules relevant to • Va. Sup. Ct. R. 5:1(b) (cite Rules of the Supreme Court of citation: Virginia as “Rule 5: ___”) • Va. Sup. Ct. R. 5:1(f) (citing to unpublished decisions) • Va. Sup. Ct. R. 5:27(a), 5:28(a), 5A:20(a), 5A:21(a) (requiring inclusion of year in citations to authorities) • Va. Sup. Ct. R. 5A:1(b) (cite Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia as “Rule 5A: ___”) • Va. Sup. Ct. R. 5A:1(f) (citing to unpublished decisions)

Local practice: Statutes: Code § section number.

Other resources: • Fred Dingledy, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit State Information (Virginia), AALL (Jan. 2014), https://www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/ LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Virginia.pdf.

Washington

Court website: https://www.courts.wa.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.wa.gov/court_rules/

Local rules relevant to • Wash. Civ. R. Cts. Ltd. J. 85 (cite as “CRLJ __ _ ”) citation: • Wash. Crim. R. Cts. Ltd. J. 1.8 (cite as “CrRLJ __ _ ”) • Wash. Gen. Application Ct. R. 14.1 (citing to unpublished decisions) • Wash. Infraction R. Cts. Ltd. J. 6.3 (cite as “IRLJ ___”) • Wash. Juv. Ct. R. 11.21 (cite as “JuCR ___”) • Wash. R. App. P. 10.4(g) (citations must conform to General Rule 14(d)) • Wash. R. App. P. 18.21 (cite as “RAP ___”) • Wash. R. App. Dec. Cts. Ltd. J. 11.9 (cite as “RALJ ___”) • Wash. R. Evid. 1103 (cite as “ER ___”) • Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 1.04.040 (cite as “RCW ___”) • Wash. Super. Ct. Civ. R. 85 (cite as “CR ___”) • Wash. Super. Ct. Mandatory Arb. R. 8.4 (cite as “MAR”)

Local practice: Statutes: RCW section number (Year). Cases: Wash., Wn.2d

Other resources: • Wash. Office of Reporter of Decisions, Style Sheet, Wash. Cts. (July 3, 2018), https://www.courts.wa.gov/appellate_ trial_courts/supreme/?fa=atc_supreme.style. • Heather Joy, Washington State Legal Resources, AALL (Mar. 1, 2015), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/ uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit-Washington.pdf.

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West Virginia

Court website: http://www.courtswv.gov/

Court rules online: http://www.courtswv.gov/legal-community/court-rules.html

Local rules relevant to • W. Va. R. App. P. 21(e) (citing to memorandum decisions) citation: • W. Va. R. App. P. 38(d) (citing in footnotes; parallel citations; indication of per curiam decisions) • W. Va. R. Civ P. 85 (cite as “W. Va. R. Civ. P. ___”) • W. Va. R. Crim. P. 60 (cite as “W. Va. R. Crim. P. ___”) • W. Va. R. Evid. 1102 (cite as “WVRE ___”) • W. Va. Tr. Ct. R. 6.02 (citations must be in a generally accepted form) • W. Va. Tr. Ct. R. 6.04 (attaching copies of cases)

Local practice: Statutes: W. Va. Code § section number. Code of State Rules: W. Va. C.S.R. number. or W. Va. Code R. number. Syllabus points: Full case citation (Syl. Pt. syllabus point number). or Syl Pt. syllabus point number, Full case citation.

Other resources: • Rena Stoeber, 2015 West Virginia Legal Research Guide, AALL (Jan. 2015), https://www.aallnet.org/lispsis/ wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/LISPSIS-PLToolkit -Wvirginia.pdf.

Wisconsin

Court website: https://www.wicourts.gov/

Court rules online: https://www.wicourts.gov/scrules/index.htm

Public domain citation: • Wis. Sup. Ct. R. 80.001 (defining “public domain citation”) • Wis. Sup. Ct. R. 80.01 (designation of official publications) • Wis. Sup. Ct. R. 80.02 (applying to Wisconsin appellate cases on or after Jan. 1, 2000)

Public domain citation Supreme Court example: In re Paternity of B.J.M., 2020 WI example: 56, ¶ 8, 392 Wis. 2d 49, 944 N.W.2d 542. Appellate Court example: Country Visions Coop. v. Archers- Daniels-Midland Co., 2020 WI App 32, ¶ 20, 392 Wis. 2d 672, 946 N.W.2d 169.

Local rules relevant to • Wis. R. App. P. 809.19(1)(e) (form of citation) citation: • Wis. R. App. P. 809.23 (citation of unpublished opinions) • Wis. Sup. Ct. R. 80.02 (citing to cases) • Wis. Sup. Ct. R. 99.03 (cite as “SCR ___ (year)”)

Local practice: Statutes: Wis. Stat. § section number.

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Other resources: • Wisconsin Guide to Citation (9th ed. 2018). • Legal Citation of Wisconsin Court Cases Guide, Marquette Univ. L. Sch. (Feb. 2010), https://law.marquette.edu/law-library/ research-guides-legal-citation-wisconsin-court-cases. • Carol Hassler, AALL LISP Public Libraries Wisconsin State Information, AALL (Mar. 2019), https://www.aallnet.org/ lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2019/04/LISPSIS -PLToolkit-Wisconsin.pdf.

Wyoming

Court website: https://www.courts.state.wy.us/

Court rules online: https://www.courts.state.wy.us/supreme-court/court-rules/

Public domain citation: Order Amending Citation Format (Wyo. Aug. 19, 2005); Order Adopting a Public Domain or Public domain-Format Citation (Wyo. Oct. 2, 2000).

Public domain citation Dockter v. Lozano, 2020 WY 119, ¶ 19, 472 P.3d 362, 369 (Wyo. example: 2020).

Local rules relevant to • Wyo. R. App. P. 28 (cite as “W.R.A.P. __ _ ”) citation: • Wyo. R. Civ. P. 85 (cite as “W.R.C.P. ___”) • Wyo. R. Civ. P. Cir. Cts. 11 (cite as “W.R.C.P.C.C. ___”) • Wyo. R. Crim. P. 60 (cite as “W.R. Cr. P. ___”) • Wyo. R. Evid. 1103 (cite as “W.R.E. ___”) • Wyo. Unif. R. Cir. Cts. 1.01 (cite as “U.R.C.C. ___”) • Wyo. Unif. R. Dist. Cts. 100 (cite as “U.R.D.C. __ _ ”)

Local practice: Statutes: W.S. § section number.

Other resources: • Wyoming State Law Library, AALL LISP Public Libraries Toolkit: Wyoming State Information, AALL, https://www .aallnet.org/lispsis/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/ LISPSIS-PLToolkit-W yoming.pdf (last visited Nov. 2, 2020).

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