Copyrighted Material

i i i “BMIndex_Final_print” — 2019/7/22 — 2:34 — page 676 — #1 i

INDEX

AAT see Administrative Appeals advertisements 225–226 anti-discrimination authorities 633t, Tribunal advertising signage 471 633 ABN see Australian Business Number affidavit 673 anti-discrimination law 9 abnormal damages 304 affidavit of debt 579, 594 Anti-Money Laundering and Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern affidavit of service 579, 594 Counter-Terrorism Financing Act Territory) Act 1976 (Cth) 133 Agar v Hyde (2000) 205 2006 (Cth) 568 absolute liability 163 Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) 514 Anton Piller order 434, 461 absolute privilege 172 agency of necessity 324–326 apology 207 ACCC v Alice Car and Truck Rentals Pty agency relationship 318 apparent authority 323–324, 340, Ltd (1997) 398 agent 289, 313, 318, 340, 468, 492, 506–509, 529, 547, 563, 673 ACCC v C. I. & Co Pty Ltd 2010 373 529, 543, 563 express, implied and, relationship ACCC v Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd conflicts of interest 329–330 between 324, 325f (2004) 363 del credere 320 appeal 76, 105 ACCC v Chaste Corp Pty Ltd (in liq) directors as 543 appellant 95, 105 [2005] 402 duties of 326–331 appellate jurisdiction 76, 105 ACCC v Coles [2014] 357 entitlements of 331–332 Apple 350 ACCC v Dermalogica Pty Ltd (2005) examples of 319t APRA see Australian Prudential 402 general 319 Regulation Authority ACCC v Jetplace Pty Ltd 2010 374 gratuitous 329 arbitration 101, 105, 529, 577, 594 ACCC v Powerballwin.com.au Pty Ltd liabilities of 333–335 Arena, Tina 488 [2010] 353 mercantile 319 Aristotle 9 ACCC v Telstra Corp Ltd (2007) 350 partnership 468 artistic craftsmanship 423 ACCC v Telstra Corp Ltd (2010) 409 remuneration 331–332 artistic works 423 ACCC v Ticketek Pty Ltd [2011] 401 right to indemnity 332 ASIC v Hellicar [2012] 549 ACCC v Visy Industries Holdings Pty Ltd scope of authority 320–326 assault 167, 186 (No 3) (2007) 396 special 319 Assent 48, 60 acceptance 227–231 universal 319 assets and revenue insurance 469 communication of 228–231 aggravated damages 180, 186 assign 289, 313, 430, 461, 481, 492, unqualified 227–228 agreement 222–231, 252 514, 529 acceptance of goods 270–271 acceptance 227–231 assignment access to personal information 381 browsewrap 259 of contractual rights 289 accident and sickness/disability policy clickwrap 259 of copyright 430 599 commercial or business 233–234 of share in partnership 514 accident defence 168 conditional 231 Associated Newspapers Ltd v Bancks account of profits 433, 461 end of contract by 307 (1951) 300 ACN see Australian Company Number offer 223–227 Attorney-General 86, 105 acquisition 406, 415 online 230 Attorney-General’s Information Service ACT see Australian Capital Territory preliminary 234 (AGIS) 116 act of bankruptcy 673 social or domestic 232–233 auctions 226–227 Act of Parliament 113 agreements lessening competition AusIndustry 466 amendment 74 407–408 Australasian Mechanical Copyright consolidating 75 Alexander Stenhouse Ltd v Austcan Owners Society (AMCOS) 430 default commencement date 72t Investments Pty Ltd (1993) 603 Australasian Performing Rights original 74 Allcard v Skinner (1887) 295 Association (APRA) 430 repealing 75 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Australia reviving 75 100–578, 594 franchising in 522 types 74–75 COPYRIGHTEDAmalgamated Society of Engineers MATERIAL v levels of government in 4 Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) 131, Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) parliaments in 65t 136 126, 128 Australia Act 1986 (Cth) 42, 80 actus reus 163, 186 amended (Act) 113, 152 Australia–United States Free Trade Adams v Lindsell (1818) 229 amendment Acts 74, 105 Agreement 429 administer law 34 A & M Records Inc v Napster Inc 239 F Australian Apprenticeships 621 administrative appeals 54t 3d 1004 (9th Cir 2001) 424 Australian Associated Motor Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) Anderson Ltd v Daniel 1924 248 Insurers Ltd v Ellis & Ellis 53 A New Tax System (Goods and Services (1990) 602 Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act Tax) Act 1999 (Cth) 71 Australian Business Licence and 1975 (Cth) 53 annual general meeting 555, 563 Information Service (ABLIS) Administrative Decisions (Judicial annuity policy 599 472 Review) Act 1977 (Cth) 54 annulled 673 Australian Business Number (ABN) administrative law 11 Ansett Transport Industries 538, 563, 616 administrator 48, 60, 673 (Operations) Pty Ltd v Wardley Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 48 ADR see alternative dispute resolution (1984) 634 Australian Company Number (ACN) adversarial system 85, 105 Anstis v FCT [2010] 609 438, 461, 537, 563, 612

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676 INDEX i i

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Australian Competition and Consumer Australian court system 76–84 Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd v Commission (ACCC) 348–349, cross-vesting 83 Zaluzna (1987) 207 386, 390, 406, 407, 409, 522, 524, Federal court system 76–80 Australian Safeway Stores v Zaluzna 525, 529 international jurisdiction and disputes 140 Australian Competition Tribunal 390 13 Australian Securities and Investments Australian Constitution jurisdiction 76 Commission (ASIC) 349, 386, changing the Constitution 48–49 specialised courts and tribunals 83t, 471, 534, 537, 563, 585 constitutional conventions 44 83–84 Australian Securities and Investments federal and state relations 44–47 State and Territory court hierarchies Commission Act 2001 (Cth) (the Section 58 71 81f ASIC Act) 347 Section 71 75 Australian Domain Name Administrator Australian Securities and Investments structure of 42 (auDA) 487 Commission v Accounts Control territories 47–48 Australian Fair Pay Commission 621 Management Services Pty Ltd 2012 Australian Consumer Law (ACL) 212, Australian Financial Security Authority 579 235, 259, 284, 347, 386, 438, 461 (AFSA) 647, 673 Australian Securities and Investments administration and enforcement of Australian Government’s Commission v Healey [2011] 549 349 business.gov.au website 466 Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) application 348 Australian Human Rights Commission 544, 563 bait advertising 361, 364–365 514 Listing Rules 544 bans 369 Australian legal system Australian Telecommunications breach of 279–280 common law legal system 31 Commission v Hart (1982) 625 consumer guarantees 367, 375–376 constitutional monarchy 31–33 Australian Transaction Reports and consumer in, definition of 349 federation 33 Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) consumer transactions 367–369 history 35–42 568–569, 594 contravention, consequences of key characteristics 29f authorisation 410, 415 372–376 law in 6 authority by estoppel 323 defences 373 liberal democracy 29–31 authority by ratification 326 door-to-door sales 368 responsible government 35 Automatic Self-Cleansing Filter enforcement 373–374 separation of powers 34–35 Syndicate Co Ltd v Cuninghame general remedies 374–375 Australian Official Journal of Designs [1906] 543 information standards 370 454 automatism 163 manufacturers’ liability 370–372 Australian Official Journal of Patents average clause 616 offences and penalties 372–373 450 award 627, 641 Part 3-1 361 Australian political parties 41t Part 3-2 367–369 Australian Privacy Principles (APPs) Backbenchers 51 Part 3-3 369–370 379–381, 386 backbenchers 60 Part 3-4 370 access to personal information 381 bail 82, 105 Part 3-5 370 adoption, use or disclosure of bailiff 91, 105 Part 4-1 372, 375 government related identifiers 381 bailment 210–211, 219, 269, 284, 472, Part 5-2 374–375 anonymity and pseudonymity 380 492 political history of 348 collection of solicited personal bait advertising 361, 364–365, 386 product safety standards 369 information 380 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 232 pyramid schemes 365–366 consequences of infringement Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson recall notice 369 381–382 (1906) 261 s 20 355 correction of personal information bank cheque 572, 594 s 21 355–358 381 bankruptcy 335, 340, 529, 546, 563, s 23 358 cross-border disclosure of personal 579, 594, 646–654 s 24 359 information 380 alternatives to 654–657 s 25 359 dealing with unsolicited information appointment of trustee in 649–650 s 255 363 380 creditor’s petition 648–649 s 26 361 direct marketing 380 debtor’s petition 647–648 s 29(1) 362 notification of collection of personal declaration of 649 s 3 349 information 380 discharge 653–654 s 35 364 open and transparent management of distribution of funds to creditors s 7 370 personal information 379–380 652–653 s 73 368 personal information 379 effect of discharge 653–654 s18 350–355 quality of personal information 381 extension of bankruptcy period 653 safety of consumer goods 369–370 security of information 381 law reform 654 safety warning notice 369–370 sensitive information 379 offences 654 trade mark 445–446 use and disclosure of personal proof of debt by creditors 650 unconscionable conduct 355–358 information 380 recovery and selling of assets unconscionable conduct prohibited by Australian Productivity Commission 650–652 298 348 Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth) 176, 646, unfair contract terms 358–361 Australian Provincial Assurance Co Ltd 648, 649, 654, 655 unfair practices 361–366 v Coroneo (1938) 474 Bankruptcy Amendment (Debt wrongly accepting payment 365 Australian Prudential Regulation Agreement Reform) Act 2018 655 Australian Consumer Law (ACL) 160, Authority (APRA) 600, 616 bankruptcy notice 673 186 Australian Royal Commission 589 barristers 90, 105

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INDEX 677 i i

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duty of care 206 Brodie v Singleton Shire Council (2001) Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] Barton v Armstrong [1973] 294 209 225, 229, 234, 235 battery 166, 187 broker 319, 340 Carriage of Goods by Land (Carrier’s Battye v Shammall (2005) browsewrap agreement 259 Liabilities) Act 1967 45 511 Buckenara v Hawthorn Football Club cartel 395, 415 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) Ltd [1988] 306 cartel conduct 391, 395–400 487 burden of proof 93, 105, 163, 187 case citation 114 bearer cheque 571, 594 Burger King Corporation v Hungry case law 5, 19, 25, 29, 60, 76, 106, BEC Australia website 466 Jack’s Pty Limited [2001] 262, 112, 113, 152 Beecham Group plc v Colgate-Palmolive 523 locating in hard copy 114 Co (2001) 439 burglary 209 locating online 114–116 beneficiaries 529 business case reports 119–123 rights of 520 closing of 664 example 120f bequeath 476, 492 financial difficulty 644–646 obiter dicta 119 Berne Convention 13, 426 government business authorities ratio decidendi 119, 122 Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v Skyviews & 466t cash 567, 594 General Ltd [1978] 473 grants and subsidies for 469 cash dealers 568 Bettini v Gye (1876) 300 IP protection 467 catalogues 226 Bevan v Webb [1901] 513 leasing business premises 481 Causer v Browne [1952] 258 bicameral 34, 60 licensing requirements 471–472 caveat 480, 492, 581, 594 bicameral parliament 66, 105 name registration 470–471 caveat emptor 267, 284, 290, 313, 344, Bill (draft law) 39, 60, 67, 105 online e-business resources 486 345, 386, 477 Assent 71 opening for 486 CDPP v Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha commencement 71 owning business premises 475t [2017] 396 drafting of bill 70 planning for 467 Cehave NV v Bremer Lower House 70 preparation for starting of 465–470 Handelsgesellschaft mbH; The proposal 69 raising money for 468–469 Hansa Nord [1976] 301 readings of 71f reasons for failure 645 Central London Property Trust Ltd v resolving deadlocks 72–74 receivership 645–646 High Trees House Ltd [1947] 241 Upper House 71 renting/buying the premises Century Insurance Co Ltd v Northern bill of exchange 569–572, 594 472–486 Ireland Road Transport Board bill of rights 31, 60 research before starting of 466–467 [1942] 160, 334 Bills of Exchange Act 1909 (Cth) 569 selling 668 certificate of readiness 92, 106 binding precedent 97, 105 setting up website 486 certificate of title 479, 492 Birtchnell v Equity Trustees, Executors shop trading hours 486 certification trade mark 441, 461 and Agency Co Ltd (1929) 512 structure selection 467–468 challenges for cause 88, 106 Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] 177 business agreement 233–234 Chan v Zacharia (1984) 510 Bjelke-Peterson v Warburton [1987] business entrepreneur 467 changing values 14 171 business format franchises 521 Chapman v Hearse (1961) 194 Blomley v Ryan (1956) 296 business judgment rule 550, 563 Chappel v Hart (1998) 202 bluemaumau 524 business law, definition of 6 charge 265, 284, 469, 492 board meetings 546–547 business manager, ethical 557 charge on property 469, 580, 594 board of directors 543, 563 business name 438, 461, 470, 492, 673 charging the jury 88, 106 Board of Inland Revenue v Haddock deregistering 664 chattels 472 571 business plan 467 Chaudhry v Prabhakar [1989] 329 bodily privacy 377 business structure 347, 386, 467, 492, cheque 569, 594 body corporate 533, 563 529, 533, 563, 673 bank 572 Bojczuk v Gregorcewicz [1961] 245 dissolving 664–667 bearer 571 Bolton Partners v Lambert (1889) 326 franchise 520 crossed 571 Bolton v Stone [1951] 196 partnership 498–516 definition of 570 bond 484, 492 sole trader 497–498 not negotiable 571 Bourhill v Young [1943] 193 tax implications 612 order 571 Bourne v Norwich Crematorium Ltd trust 516–520 stale 572 [1967] 127 types of 467f Cheques Act 1986 (Cth) 570 boycotts 403–404, 415 business.gov.au website 469 chief executive officer (CEO) 545, 547, primary 403 buyer’s statutory rights 289 563 secondary 403–404 chief finance officer (CFO) 545 BP plc v Woolworths Ltd (2004) 437 Cabinet 49, 51–52, 60 Chipp, Don 68 Brace v Calder [1895] 304 Cadbury 445 choses in action 472, 492 brand names 436 Canny Gabriel Castle Jackson choses in possession 472, 492 breach of confidence 455–461 Advertising Pty Ltd v Volume Sales circulating security interests 674 breach of warranty of authority 334, (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) 503 circumstantial evidence 94, 106 340 capacity to contract 244–247 civil action 535, 563 Bree v Lupevo Pty Ltd [2003] 625 minors 245–246 civil and criminal procedure bribery 175, 187 persons lacking intellectual capacity appeal 95–96 Bridgewater v Leahy (1998) 297 247 commencing proceedings 92 British settlement 36–37 capital gains tax 611, 616, 674 evidence 93–95

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678 INDEX i i

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pre-trial 92–93 community values, reinforcing 8–9 prices surveillance 391 starting point 91–92 company 467, 492, 533, 534, 563, 613 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) 390 trial 93 ASIC as regulator of 534 compilations 422 civil consequences, of causing harm board meetings 546–547 compliance with standard practice 207 180 borrowing by 539 comprehensive definition (Act) 118 damages 180–181 constitution 544–545 computer offences 175 injunction 181 corporate capacity 535 conciliation 101, 106 statutory remedies 181 corporate group 537 Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v time limits 181 directors 545–546, 548–554 Nelson (1990) 352 civil jurisdiction 76 disclosure documents 541 concurrent powers 44–46, 60 civil law 7, 13, 25 equity capital maintenance 541–542 condition 300–301, 313 civil law legal system 31, 60, 420, 461 formation of 537–538 condition precedent 231, 252, 307, 313 civil liability 469, 492 insolvent 657 see also liquidation condition subsequent 231, 252, 307, civil trial 76, 106 key features of 534–536 313 and criminal trials, differences limited by guarantee 536 conditional agreement 231 between 77t limited by shares 536 conditional costs agreement 21, 25 Clarendon Homes (Aust) Pty Ltd v limited liability 535–536 conditional offences 391, 415 Henley Arch Pty Ltd (1999) 423 listing of 542–543 confidentiality 398 class action 21, 25 no liability companies 536 confidentiality agreement 448, 462 class meetings 555, 563 proprietary 534, 537, 538 conflicting duties of care 194 class rule 128, 152 public 534 conflicts of interest 329–330 clickwrap agreement 259 replaceable rules 544 consent defence 168, 170 co-ownership of property 476–477, separate legal personality 534–535 consent, lack of 290–299 502 share capital 539–540 consideration 222, 235–243, 252, 289, Coca-Cola Co v All-Fect Distributors share issues 540–541 313, 529 Ltd (1999) 437 types of 536–537 adequacy of 236–237 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail unlimited companies 536 sufficient 237–240 Authority (NSW) (1982) 260, 308 winding up 667 consolidating Act 75, 106 codes of conduct 376 company charge 539, 563 constitution 16, 25, 30, 60, 543, 563 Cody v Live Board Holdings Limited company directors, implied authority of Constitution Act Amendment Act 1922 [2014] 556 322 (Qld) 67 collateral contract 226, 252, 278, 284 company law 12 constitutional conventions 44, 60 breach of 278 comparative advertising 351 constitutional law 11 collective trade mark 441, 461 comparison rate 587 constitutional monarchy 31–33, 60 colonial government 37–39 competition 393, 415 Construction Engineering (Aust) Pty Ltd Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 40 Competition and Consumer Act 2010 v Hexyl Pty Ltd (1985) 507 commencement 71 (CCA) 118, 119, 176, 179, 345, constructive trust 518, 529 commercial agreement 233–234 347, 376, 390, 391, 521 consumer 349, 386 Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio agreements lessening competition consumer contract 358 (1983) 297 407–408 consumer credit 347, 387 commercial law 12 authorisations and notifications 410 consumer credit law 4, 25, 113 commercial lease 483, 485 boycotts 403–404 consumer law 12 Commissioner of Stamp Duties v breach, consequences of 409 consumer lease 585 Permanent Trustee Co Ltd (1987) cartel conduct 395–400 Consumer Price Index (CPI) 483, 492 128 competition 393 consumer protection 344–347 Commissioner of Taxation v Stone conditional offences 391 and information asymmetry 345 (2005) 609 exclusive dealing 404–406 regulation 348 see also Australian committal hearing 93, 106 market in 392, 393 Consumer Law committal proceeding 82, 106, 161, mergers and acquisitions 406–407 consumer, meaning of 349 187 Part IV 395 contempt of court 95, 106, 579, 594 Committee of the Whole 70 penalties 409–410 context rule 127, 152 common law 53, 60, 344, 386, 580, 594 per se offences 391, 395 contextual approach to interpretation and equity 99–100 prohibited conduct 395–408 127–129 illegal contract 247 public benefit and public detriment Act as a whole 128 presumptions 133–136 411 immediate context 127–128 common law legal system 31, 60 remedies 409 mischief being remedied 128–129 common mistake 292–293, 313 resale price maintenance 401–403 other legislation 128 common property 477, 492 s 4 393 prior law 128 common seal 547, 563 substantially lessening competition contextual truth 172 Commonwealth 33, 60 394 contingency contracts 600 Commonwealth of Australia Constitution competition law 12 contra proferentem 273, 284 Act 1900 39, 42, 118 Competition Policy Reform Act 1995 contract 4, 25, 145, 152, 159, 187, 318, Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 46 (Cth) 391 340, 576 Commonwealth Volunteers Protection competition regulation 390–392 agreement in 222–231 Act 2003 (Cth) 206 Competition and Consumer Act 2010 capacity to 244–247 community organisation, liability of (Cth) 391 clickwrap 259 206 Competition Policy Reform Act 1995 consideration 235–243 community title 477, 492 (Cth) 390 damages 303–305

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INDEX 679 i i

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definition of 222, 252 and internet 444 self-defence 163 disclaimers 272–274 protection, requirements for criminal guilt 162–163 drafting of 145 421–426 criminal jurisdiction 76 effective and enforceable 243 published edition of original works criminal law 7, 11, 13, 25 electronic 244 423 objectives of 179 enforcement of 287–290 sound recordings 422 sources of 159t express terms 256–260 television and radio broadcasts 423 criminal liability 158–159 formal 289 Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) 113, deliberately causing financial harm formalities 243–244 419–421, 453 174–179 for sale of goods 263–264, 284 Copyright Agency 430 deliberately causing harm to frustrated 307 copyright notice 425 person/property 161–174 illegal 247 copyright owner, exclusive rights of and tortious liability, differences implied terms 260–262 426–427 between 159t in writing 145, 243 moral rights 427 criminal offences 161–162 intention 232–235 Corpe v Overton (1833) 246 indictable offence 161 legality 248 corporate capacity 535, 563 summary offence 162 misrepresentation 278–279 corporate contracting 547–548 criminal penalties 179 privity of 287–289 corporate governance 543–563 criminal trials 76, 106 remedies in breach of 299–307 corporate group 537, 563 cross-examination 95, 106 shrinkwrap 259 The Corporation (documentary) 538 cross-vesting 83 simple 289 corporation 245, 252, 468, 492, 533, crossed, cheque 571, 594 statutory terms 262–272 563 Crouch and Lyndon (a Firm) v IPG termination of 307 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) 19, 176, Finance Australia Pty Ltd [2013] terms of 255f 327, 537, 541, 543, 546, 588, 602, 507 unenforceable 274–276, 290–299 615, 656, 659, 664 Crown 479, 492 unilateral 229 Council of Australian Governments Crown representatives 31, 32t, 60, 69, void 290, 293 (COAG) 348 106 voidable 278, 293 Council of the Shire of Sutherland v Cuckmere Brick Co Ltd v Mutual contract for services 263, 284, 641 Heyman 1985 201 Finance Ltd [1971] 583 contract law 12 counter offer 227, 252 Cuisenaire v Reed [1963] 423 contract of service 641 counterclaim 92, 106 culture of litigation 21 contracts for necessaries 245 Court of Appeal 80 Cundy & Lindsay (1877-78) 291 Contracts Review Act 1980 (NSW) 298 court of first instance 76 Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing contractual capacity 529 court personnel 91 Co [1951] 273 contractual liability 159–160 judge 86–87 Cutter v Powell (1795) 302 contributory negligence 170, 205–206, jury 88 cybercrime 175–176, 187 219 lawyers 90–91 cybersquatting 487, 492 control test 641 court processes controlling trustee 656, 674 adversarial system 85 damages 145, 180–181, 187, 242, 252, conversion 166, 187, 326, 340 civil and criminal procedure 91–96 303–305, 313, 433, 462, 529 conveyance 479, 492 court personnel 86–91 aggravated 180 conveyancer 479, 492 court reporter 91, 106 exemplary 180, 303 Cook v ACT Racing Club Incorporated courts of equity 580 general 303 and the Australian Jockey Club Inc covenant 580, 594 liquidated 303 [2001] 202 cover note 616 nominal 180, 303 Cook v Cook (1986) 199 Cox v Coulson [1916] 502 ordinary 180 cooling off period 256, 284, 479, 492, credit activities 585 special 304 674 credit card 572–573, 594 unliquidated 303 copyright 421–436, 462 credit contract 585 damages, civil trial 95, 106 artistic works 423 credit licences 585–586 dangerous recreational activity 205 automatic protection 425 credit policy 577 Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) 419–421 credit reports 577 District Council [1956] 309 dramatic works 423 credit services 585 Davy v Leeds Corporation [1964] 124 duration of protection 427–429 creditor 239, 252, 576, 594 Dawson v World Travel Headquarters exclusive rights of copyright owner creditor’s petition 647 Pty Ltd (1981) 365 426–427 creditor’s voluntary liquidation 667 De Britt, Kym 525 expression of idea and 421, 424 crime 158, 187 de facto director 545, 563 films 423 Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) 137 De Lasalle v Guildford [1901] 278 infringement 430–436 Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) 158, Deatons Pty Ltd v Flew (1949) 160 international protection 426 175 debenture 539, 563 and internet 433 criminal consequences, of causing harm debit card 573, 594 and licensing 431 179 debt agreement 655–656, 674 literary works 422 criminal defences 163 debt capital 468–469, 492, 539, 563 material form, expression of automatism 163 debtor 240, 252, 576, 594 424–425 diminished responsibility 163 debtors protection 587–589 meaning of 421 duress 163 documents and information 587 musical works 422–423 infancy 163 early repayment 588 originality, requirement of 424 insanity 163 hardship 588

Pdf_Folio:680 ownership of 429–430 necessity 163 restrictions on advertising 587

680 INDEX i i

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restrictions on enforcement 589 appointment 546 drawer 569, 595 unjust credit contracts 588–589 disqualification 546 due diligence 668, 674 varying loan contract 588 duty of care 549–550 Durant v Greiner (1990) 352 debtor’s petition 674 duty to act for proper purpose 552 duress 293–295, 313 debts, secured 580–584 duty to act in good faith 551–552 defence of 163 deceit 176, 187, 278, 284 duty to disclose conflicts of interest duties of agent 327–332 deductive reasoning 138, 152 552–554 to act in best interests of principal solving legal problem 138–142 duty to prevent insolvent trading 551 330–331 deed 240, 252, 307, 313, 529 executive 545 to act personally 329 deed of company arrangement 674 managing 545 to communicate information 329 defamation 14, 25, 170–174, 187, 424, non-executive 545 duty of care 329–330 462 penalty notices 610 duty of confidentiality 331 defences to 172–174 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth) duty to account 331–332 definition 170 514 to follow instructions 328–329 elements of 171–172 disadvantaged, law and 9 duty of care 191–195 default judgment 92, 106, 579, 594 disclaimer 258, 272–274, 284, 350, establishing existence of 192 defective products 212 387 higher standard of care 200 defence 92, 106 as part of contract 273 lower 199–200 criminal 163 work 272–274 non-delegable 200, 622 of property 168 discovery 92, 106 reasonable foreseeability and 192 tort of negligence 204–207 discretionary trust 529 requirements for 193f to tort of nuisance 170 discrimination salient features of case and 194, 195 to tort of trespass 168 direct 634 duty of care, breach of 195–201 defendant 76, 106, 578, 594 prevention of 635 defences 204–207 defensive trade mark 441, 462 unlawful 634 failure to act 201 Degiorgio v Dunn [2004] 501 display of product 226 harm caused by 201–204 del credere agent 320, 341 dispute resolution 606–607 identification of 196–199 delegated legislation disputes, resolving 8 requirements 197f defined 55, 60 distinguishing precedent 98, 106 evaluating delegated legislation 55 distributive justice 16–17, 25 easements 479, 492 legislation regulating creation 55t dividends 540, 563 Eastman Photographic Materials Co Ltd making delegated legislation 55 division of power versus separation of v John Griffiths Cycle Corp Ltd delegates 543, 563 powers 35f (1898) 444 delivery of goods 270 doctrine of precedent 34, 61, 114, 152 economic duress 294, 313 democracy 29–30, 60 common law and equity 99–100 economic loss 469, 492 Department of employment 621 defined 96, 106 effective 243, 252 Derry v Peek (1889) 279 precedent 97–99 egalitarianism 16, 25 description 265 doctrine of privity of contract 287, 313 eggshell skull rule 204, 219 desert theory, of distributive justice 16, doctrine of promissory estoppel 241, electoral roll 88, 106 25 252 electorate 67, 106 design 452–455, 462 doctrine of reception 36, 61 electronic contract 244 copyright law and 453 doctrine of relation back 674 Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth) defences to infringement action doctrine of responsible government 35, 244 455 61 embezzlement 175, 187 duration of protection 454–455 doctrine of separation of powers 10, emergency service providers 206 exclusive rights of owner 454 34, 61 Emirates v ACCC [2009] 392 extent of protection 454–455 doctrine of the undisclosed principal employee 622 infringement 455 333, 341 duties owed by 624–625 ownership of 454 Doherty v Traveland Pty Ltd (1982) employer, duties owed by 625 protection, requirements for 362 employment contracts 628 453–454 domain name 486–492 breach of condition of 637, 641 registration criteria 453–454 domestic agreement 232–233 employment law 12 registration process 454 domestic law 13–14, 25 employment, termination of 637 remedies for infringement 455 Donoghue v Allied Newspapers Ltd employment-related online resources Designs Act 2003 (Cth) 454 [1938] 425 621 detinue 166, 187 Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 114, 138, enacting words, in legislation 118 direct democracy 30, 61 192, 195 encumbrances 265, 284 direct discrimination 641 Donoghue v Stevenson and Carlill v endorsement 571, 595 direct evidence 94, 106 Carbolic Smoke Ball Co 345 endowment policy 599 direct losses 303–304, 313 door-to-door sales 368 enduring power of attorney 321, 341 damages payable for 303 double dissolution 72, 106 enterprise agreements 627–628, 641 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v double insurance 606 ePayments Code 573 AAPT Limited [2006] 359, 360 double jeopardy 10 equitable interest 480, 492 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v Dougan v Ley (1946) 305 equitable mortgage 581 Trainstation Health Clubs Pty Ltd Dow Jones & Company Inc v Gutnick equitable remedies 305–306 [2008] 359 (2002) 14 injunction 306 directors 322, 341, 534, 545–546, 548, dramatic works 423 specific performance 305 563 drawee 569, 595 equity 31, 61, 106, 341, 477, 492

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INDEX 681 i i

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common law 99 Fair Work Amendment (State Referrals time limit for 289–290 duties of agent 326 and Other Measures) Act 2009 74 formal powers, Governor-General and equity capital 468–469, 492, 539, 563 Fair Work Commission 621, 627, 637 State Governors 50, 61 equity of redemption 580, 595 Fair Work Ombudsman 628 formal writing 142 Esanda Finance Corporation Ltd v Peat Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd v formalities 271–272 Marwick Hungerfords (1997) 214 Reed International Books Australia Forster & Sons Ltd v Suggett (1918) Essington Investments Pty Ltd v Regency Pty Ltd (2010) 422 275 Property Pty Ltd [2004] 324 fairness, notion of 16 forum non conveniens 14 estate 475, 492, 674 fake fraud alerts 346 franchise 520–529 freehold 476 false advertising, fine for 350 Franchise Council of Australia (FCA) leasehold 476 false imprisonment 168, 187 521, 525 ethics 17, 25 Family Court of Australia 80 franchisee 529 law and 17–19 Family Law Act 1975 80 Franchising Code of Conduct 522 Euthanasia Laws Act 1997 (Cth) 48 family trust 529 consequences of breaching 525 Evans v Federal Commissioner of Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee dispute resolution 523 Taxation (1989) 500 Pty Ltd 2007 511 franchise agreement 523 evergreening 451 FCFC see Federal Circuit and Family franchisor’s disclosure obligations examination in chief 95, 106 Court of Australia 523 examination summons 579, 595 federal and state relations 44–47 franchisor 529 excess clause 616 concurrent powers 45–46 Fraser v Thames Television Ltd [1984] excise duty 616 exclusive powers 45 456 exclusionary provision 403, 415 limitations 47 Fraser, Malcolm 73 exclusive agency 332, 341 residual powers 46–47 fraudulent misrepresentation 278, 284 exclusive dealing 404, 415 Federal Circuit and Family Court of freedom of contract 344, 389 full line forcing 404–405 Australia (FCFC) 80 freedom of information 53 third line forcing 405–406 Federal Circuit Court of Australia Act Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth) exclusive possession 481–482, 492 1999 80 53 exclusive powers 44–45, 61 Federal Court of Australia 79–80 Freedom of Information Act 1992 (WA) executive 34, 61 Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 383 Executive Council 49, 51–52, 61 (Cth) 79 freehold estate 476, 493 executive directors 545, 563 Federal court system Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park executive government 52f, 68 Family Court of Australia 80 Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] Cabinet 51–52 Federal Circuit Court of Australia 80 547 challenging the executive government Federal Court of Australia 79–80 Frewin v Emmdale Sports Club & Anor 52–55 hierarchy 78f [2004] 602 delegated legislation 55 High Court of Australia 77–79 fringe benefits tax 610, 616, 641 Executive Council 51–52 Federal court websites 78t frustration 307–341 Governor-General 50–51 Federal government 4, 25 effect of 307 State Governors 50–51 Federal parliament 67–68 termination of principal–agent exemplary damages 180, 187, 303, 314 federation 33, 39–40, 61 relationship 335 explanatory memorandum 70, 106 fee simple 476, 492 Full Court 80 export plan 467 fiduciary relationship 326, 341, 510, full line forcing 404–405, 415 express actual authority 320–322 529 functional dimension (market) 393 express authority 506, 529, 547, 563 films 423, 429 future goods 269, 284 express terms 256–260, 284 Financial Transactions Reports Act 1988 FWA see Fair Work Act in writing and signed 256–257 (Cth) 568 reasonable notice 257–260 fines 179 G Scammell & Nephew Ltd v HC & JG express trust 517–518, 529 firm 499 Ouston [1941] 260 expressio unius est exclusio alterius Fisher v Bell 1961 126 garnishee order 579, 595 135, 152 fitness 266–267 gearing ratio 468, 493 extraordinary damages 304 fitting 474, 492 general agents 319, 341 extraordinary general meetings 555, Fitzgerald v FJ Leonhardt Pty Ltd (1997) general damages 303, 314 563 248 general insurance 599–600 extrinsic materials 131, 152 fixed charge 539, 564 General Insurance Code of Practice fixed term lease 482, 492 600 factor (agent) 319, 341 fixed trust 518 general meeting 540, 543, 554–556, facts in issue 93, 106, 139, 152 fixing problems 14 564 factual causation 201–203 fixtures 263, 284, 472, 474–475, 492 general power of attorney 321 fair dealing 435 tenant 474–475 generalia specialibus non derogant fair report, of matters of public concern float 540, 564 135, 152 172 floating charge 535, 564, 674 geographic dimension (market) 393 Fair Work (Transitional Provisions and FNH Investments Pty Ltd v Sullivan 2003 Gerald Mahony v Dr Daniel J White T/A Consequential Amendments) Act 434 Catholic Education Office Sydney 2009 75 Foakes v Beer (1884) 239 [2015] 637 Fair Work Act (FWA) 619–641 foreclosure 580, 581, 595 Gillette Australia Pty Ltd v Energizer coverage of 620t formal assent 71 Australia Pty Ltd (2002) 351 Fair Work Act 2009 74 formal contract 289, 314 Giumelli v Giumelli (1999) 242

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682 INDEX i i

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Given v Pryor (1980) 354 Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth) industrial espionage 175, 187 Gold Coast Oil Co Pty Ltd v Lee 600 industrial property 419 Properties Pty Ltd 1985 300 Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller and industrial relations reform 620 Goldberg v Jenkins & Law (1889) 508 Partners Ltd 1964 120, 212 industry ombudsman 376 golden rule 126–127, 152 Henderson v Pioneer Homes Pty Ltd (No infancy, as defence 163 Goldsborough Mort & Co Ltd v Quinn 2) (1980) 354 informal contracts 240 (1910) 224 Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins informal writing 142 good chain of title 479 Marrickville Pty Ltd (No 2) (1989) Information Act 2002 (NT) 383 good faith 262, 284, 549, 564, 674 352 information asymmetry 345 ‘good Samaritan’ 206 Henry VIII clauses 56 information privacy 346 see also goods 263, 285 Hewson v Sydney Stock Exchange Ltd Australian Privacy Principles goods and services tax (GST) 611, [1968] 330 Australian Privacy Principles 668, 674 High Court of Australia 80 379–381 Google 382 High Court of Australia Act 1979 77 federal legislation 378 governing director 545, 564 Hill v Water Resources Commission protection 377 government 7 (1985) 635 State/Territory legislation 382 forms of 33f Hobbes, Thomas 8 Information Privacy Act 2009 (Qld) three branches of 34f holding company 378, 387, 537, 564 383 Government Gazette 72, 106, 665 Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd 140, 334, 623 Information Privacy Act 2014 (ACT) Governor-General 31, 50–51, 61, 69, House of Assembly in Tasmania and 382 106 South Australia 68 infringe 426, 462 appointment of 50 House of Commons 66, 107 infringement, of copyright 430–436 formal powers 50 House of Lords 66, 107 defences 435–436 reserve powers 50 House of Representatives 67, 107 direct 432 role 50 Hurd v Zomojo Pty Ltd 2015 553 fair dealing 435 Governors 31, 61 Hurley, David 51 indirect 433 grace period 448 remedies and penalties 433–435 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd Imbree v McNeilly (2008) 200 Ingram v Britten [1994] 205 1936 267 immunity injunction 95, 107, 181, 187, 306, 314, Grant v Commissioner of Patents (2006) for cartel participants 398 374, 387, 433, 462, 530, 557, 564 447 conditions for 399 innocent misrepresentation 279 gratuitous agent 329 immunity policy 397 innovation patent 446, 462 Gray v Pearson (1857) 126 benefits of 398 inquisitorial system 85, 107 Great Northern Railway Co v Swaffield implied actual authority 322–323 insanity 163 (1873–74) 325 implied authority 506, 530, 547, 564 insider trading 175, 187 gross returns, sharing of 502 implied terms 260–262, 285 insolvency 657 GST see goods and services tax implied trust 518, 530 corporate 657–664 guarantee 240, 252, 530, 535, 564, Imported Food Control Act 1992 117 personal 646–657 584, 595 Imported Food Control Amendment insolvent 542, 564 guarantor 584, 595 (Country of Origin) Act 2018 (Cth) insolvent trading 535, 564, 674 117 insolvent transaction 674 Hackshaw v Shaw (1984) 208 improvements 581, 595 insufficient consideration 237–240 Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 304 inclusive definition (Act) 119 past consideration 237–238 Hamilton v Lethbridge (1912) 246 income tax 608–610, 616 prior legal obligation 238–240 Handbury v Nolan (1977) 277 Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) vague promise 237 harassment, prevention of 635 74, 118 insurable interest 616 Hardoon v Belilos (1901) 519 incorporated associations 468, 493 insurance 598 harm incorporated limited partnership (ILP) categories of 598 burden of taking precautions 198 469, 493, 505, 530 codes of practice 600–601 defective products 212 indefeasibility of title 480, 493, 580, dispute resolution 606–607 financial, carelessly causing 211 595 double 606 negligent misstatement 212 indemnified 530 general 599–600 person or property, carelessly causing indemnity 332 indemnity versus contingency 600 190–211 indemnity contracts 600 legislation 600 probability of 196 independent contractor 161, 187, 334, life 599 seriousness of 198 341, 429, 462, 622 regulation 600–601 social utility of activity 198 Independent Contractors Act 2006 (Cth) subrogation 606–607 to person or property of third party 623 Insurance Acquisitions and Takeovers 211–212 indeterminate liability, possibility of Act 1991 (Cth) 600 Hart v O’Connor [1985] 247 194 Insurance Act 1973 (Cth) 600 Hartley v Ponsonby (1857) 239 indictable offence 76, 107, 161, 187, insurance agent 319, 601 Hartnell v Sharp Corporation of 434, 462 insurance broker 319, 601 Australia Pty Ltd (1975) 363 indirect discrimination 641 insurance contracts 601, 616 Harvey v Harvey (1970) 515 indirect evidence 94 cancellation 605 Hawke & Son (London) Ltd v Paramount indirect losses 304, 314 double insurance 606 Film Service Ltd [1934] 431 damages payable for 304 duty of disclosure 602–605 Hawker Pacific Pty Ltd v Helicopter indoor management rule 548, 564 excess clauses 605 Charter Pty Ltd (1991) 294 inductive reasoning 138, 152 insurable interest 601–602

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INDEX 683 i i

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insurance agents and brokers 601 joint tenancy 476, 493 land making claim 605–606 joint venture 502–504, 530 legal and equitable interests in making contract 601 jointly and severally liable 530 480–481 misrepresentation of material fact Jones v Commonwealth (No 2) (1965) ownership of 472 604–605 133 trespass to 473 over-insuring property 605 journal articles 112 land tax 616 time limits 605 Joyce v Morrissey [1998] 512 lapse (of offer) 224, 252 under-insuring property 605–606 JT International SA v Commonwealth Latimer v AEC Ltd [1953] 198 Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Cth) [2012] 442 law 600, 602 judges 86–87, 107 ‘a law’ and ‘the law,’ distinction insurance crisis 191 judge’s associate 91, 107 between 6 intangible product 418 judgment 95, 107 business 4 integrity, ethical person 18 judgment creditor 579, 595 categories of 11–14 intellectual capacity, lacking 247 judgment debtor 579, 595 changes in 14–15 intellectual property (IP) 263, 285, Judicature Acts of 1873 100 community values, reinforcing 8–9 419, 462, 467, 493, 668, 674 judicial activism 98–99, 107 definitions and descriptions of 6–7, commercialising 420–421 judicial power 75 25 in public domain 420 judicial review 53–55 disadvantaged, helping 9 justification for protection 420 judiciary 34, 61 disputes, resolving 8 protection 419f court processes 84–96 economic stability 9 intellectual property law 4, 25, Australian court system see Australian enforceable by prosecution or 419–421 court system litigation 7 Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Judiciary Act 1903 77 and ethics 17–19 (Raising the Bar) Act 2012 452 Junior Books Ltd v Veitchi Co Ltd [1983] explosive growth of 20 interference with contractual relations 212 interpretation 123–137 178, 187 Junior Ministers 51, 61 and justice 15 see also justice interim injunction 92, 107, 181, 187 Juries Act (2000) 89 locating of 113 interlocutory orders 92, 107 jurisdiction 13, 25, 275, 285 made by state 6–7 intermediate courts 81–82 Australian courts and international media 5 financial limits in civil matters 82t disputes 13 misuse of power, preventing 9–10 intermediate terms 301, 314 criminal and civil jurisdiction 76 personal life 4 international commercialisation 420 original and appellate jurisdiction 76 and politics 19–20 international law 13–14 Jurisdiction of Courts (Cross-vesting) popular culture 5 private 13 Act 1987 83 purpose of 7–10 public 13 jury 88, 107 reading of 116–137 international legal dispute 13 justice 16, 25 social order, maintaining 8 International treaties and conventions distributive 16–17 system of rules 6 13 fairness, notion of 16 law journals 116 internet procedural 17 law libraries 116 copyright and 432 retributive 17 law of copyright 419 legal research on 112 types of 16–17 law reports 114, 152 pyramid schemes 366 justification defence 172 law textbooks 116 trade mark and 443 Law v Law (1905) 511 internet law 14 Kelly v Tucker (1907) 512 lawyer disciplinary bodies 90t interpret law 34 Kelsen v Imperial Tobacco Co [1957] lawyers 90–91 interpretation, legislation 123–137 165 lay-by agreement 369, 387 contextual approach 127–129 Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 509 Le Mans Grand Prix Circuits Pty Ltd v literal approach 125–127 Kerr, John 73 Iliadis [1998] 257 purposive approach 129–133 key money 484, 493 leading question 95, 107 statutory interpretation 124–125 Kiefel, Susan 78 Leaf v International Galleries [1950] interrogatories 92, 107 King v AG Australia Holdings Ltd [2003] 292 intimidation 178, 187 21 lease 481–486, 493 invention 447 Kondis v State Transport Authority commencement and duration 481 invitations to treat 225–226, 252 (1984) 200 commercial and retail shop 484–486 Ipex Software Services Pty Ltd v Hosking Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land document 482–484 [2000] 238 Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd (2007) exclusive possession 481–482 irrevocable power of attorney 321 301 express rights and duties of parties Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen (1982) 46 483 John D Wood & Co (Residential & Koufos v C Czarnikow Ltd; The Heron I fixed term 482 Agricultural) Ltd v Knatchbull [1969] 304 implied rights and duties of parties [2002] 328 Krell v Henry [1903] 308 483–484 John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd v Australian of land 481 Consolidated Press Ltd [1960] L Shaddock & Associates Pty Ltd v periodic tenancy 482 425 Parramatta City Council No 1 types of 482 John McCann & Co v Pow [1974] 328 (1981) 213 leasehold estate 476, 493 Johnson v Buttress (1936) 296 Labor Party 67 Lee v Knapp [1967] 126 joint judgment 95, 107 Lace v Chantler [1944] 481 Lee v Lee’s Air Farming Ltd [1961] joint liability 530 laches 305, 314 535

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684 INDEX i i

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legal dictionaries 116 intentional liability 333 Mabo, Eddie 36 legal encyclopedias 116 undisclosed principal 333 Madrid Protocol 442 Legal Information Institutes 115t libel 170 Magna Carta 10–66 legal interest 480, 493 liberal democracy majority judgment 95, 107 legal liability, types of 157–161 defined 30–31, 61 Makawe Pty Ltd v Randwick City legal problem, solving 138–142 democracy 29–30 Council [2009] 195 application of legal rules to facts representative democracy 30 make law 34 140–141 licence 482, 493 Manley v Alexander (2005) 206 legal issue, identification of 139–140 licence fees 420 manufacturer 370 reaching conclusion 141–142 license 420, 462 action against 375–376 relevant legal rules, identification of lien 265, 285, 332, 341 liability of 370–372 140 life estate 476, 493 Mareva injunction 434, 462 legal reasoning 137, 152 life insurance 616 marginal notes, legislation 118 legal research 112–113 Life Insurance Act 1995 (Cth) 600 Marine Insurance Act 1909 (Cth) 600 legal right of redemption 580 lift the corporate veil 535, 564 market legal rules 6 limited liability 468, 493, 534–536 definition of 392 and ethical standards 18 limited partnership 469, 493, 530 dimensions of 393f, 393 and non-legal rules 6 liquidated damages 303, 314 marketing plan 467 legal system 9, 32t liquidated damages clause 303 Marmax Investments Pty Ltd v RPR procedurally just 17 liquidation 530, 658f, 674 Maintenance Pty Ltd [2015] 523 legal tender 567, 595 application by creditors 657–659 Masters v Cameron (1954) 234 legal writing 142–143 court order to wound up 659 material contribution test 202 clarity 143 deregistration of company 662 material form 425 formality and precision 142 distribution of funds to creditors McHale v Watson (1966) 199 leges posteriores priores contrarias 661–662 McWilliams Wines Pty Ltd v McDonald’s abrogant 135, 152 liquidator appointment 659 System of Australia Pty Ltd (1980) legislation 5, 25, 29, 61, 112, 113, 152 proof of debt by creditors 659–660 354 commencement date 118 recovery and selling of assets mediation 101, 107, 577, 595 date of assent 118 660–661 member 534, 564 definitions section 118–119 void charges 661 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) enacting words 118 voidable transactions 660–661 349 insurance contracts 601–606 liquidator 539, 564, 674 mens rea 162, 187 interpretation 129t listed companies 542, 544, 564 mercantile agent 319, 341 locating 113 literal approach to interpretation broker 319 marginal notes 118 125–127 factor 319 number of Act 117 literal rule 125–126, 152 Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Garrod online 113t literary works 422 [1962] 507 parts and divisions 118 litigation 4, 7, 25, 159, 187, 275, 285, Mercer v Commissioner for Road relevant elements of 117–123 577, 595 Transport and Tramways (NSW) schedules 119 living will 321 140, 207 sections 118 lobby groups 14, 25 merchantable quality 265, 285 title and purpose 117 local authority 4, 25, 617 ‘mere puff’ 234 types 74–75 local government 469, 493 merger 406, 415 workers compensation 632–633 local governments 40–41 Microsoft, and monopolies 394 Legislative Assembly 68, 107 number of 41t Milpurrurru v Indofurn Pty Ltd (1994) Legislative Council 68, 107 logos 436 433 legislative instruments 55 loophole 14, 25, 126, 152 Ministers (Executive Councils) 49, 61 legislative power 44f, 65 loss leading 403, 415 minor, and contract 245–246, 253 legislature 34, 61, 65–69 lot 477, 493 beneficial contracts of service lessee 474, 493 Louth v Diprose (1992) 298 245–246 lessor 474, 493 low-doc loans 588 continuing interest or obligation 246 letter of demand 91, 107, 577, 578f, alternative dispute resolution contracts for necessaries 245 595 577–578 legislative provisions 246 letters, drafting of 143–145 court hearing 579 minor, as partner 500, 530 background 143 debtor’s response 578–579 minority judgment 95, 107 closing 144–145 enforcing judgment 579–580 Mirror Newspapers Ltd v Queensland example of letter of demand 144f letter of demand 577, 578f Newspapers Pty Ltd [1982] 422 problem details 144 statement of claim 578 mischief rule 128, 152 solution to problem 144 lower courts 82–83 misleading or deceptive conduct subject line 143 financial limits in civil matters 82t 350–355 warning 144 Lumley General Insurance Ltd v Delphin misrepresentation 176, 187, 278–279, liability (1990) 603 285, 292, 314, 351, 387, 604, 617 for negligent misstatement to third Lumley v Wagner (1852) 178 fraudulent 278 parties 214 Lynch v Stiff (1943) 508 innocent 279 of public authorities 209–210 L’Estrange v F Graucob Ltd 1934 256 negligent 279 liability insurance 616 mistake 290–293 liability of agent 333–335 Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 36, common 292–293 breach of warranty of authority 334 37 mutual 293

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INDEX 685 i i

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unilateral 291–292 Newton-John v Scholl-Plough (Aust) Ltd Orb Holdings Pty Ltd v Lombard misuse of market power 400–401 (1986) 178 General Insurance Co Australia Ltd mitigate 304, 314 Nigerian scams 346 [1995] 604 mitigation 181, 187, 304–305 Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK) order cheque 571, 595 Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty 396 order for costs 95, 107 Ltd v Anzil (2000) 208 nominal damages 180, 187, 303, 314 ordinary damages 180, 187 modern awards 627 nominee director 545, 564 ordinary resolution 546, 564 monarchy 33, 61 non est factum 257, 285, 292, 314 ordinary shares 539, 564 monetary price, contract for sale of non-contractual promise 276 original Act 74, 107 goods 264 non-contractual representation 276 original jurisdiction 76, 107 money laundering 175, 187 non-delegable duty of care 200, 219, Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams [1957] 276 Moneywood Pty Ltd v Salamon 622, 641 ostensible authority 323 Nominees Pty Ltd (2001) 332 non-executive directors 545, 564 outgoings 483, 493 moral courage, ethical person 18 non-legal rules 6 overrule 98, 107 moral rights 427, 462 Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts mortgage 240, 253, 269, 285, 469, 493, and Ammunition Co Ltd [1894] Dock & Engineering Co Ltd (The 530, 580–583, 595 275 Wagon Mound No. 1) [1961] 203 mortgagee’s remedies 581–583 North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai owner of property 472, 493 old system land 580 Construction Co Ltd [1979] 294 and possession of property, ditinction terms implied into 581 Northern territory 48 between 472 Torrens system land 580–581 not negotiable, cheque 571, 595 ownership mortgagor 580, 595 notification 410–411, 415 contract for sale of goods 264 Motor Accidents Compensation Act 1999 novation 289, 307, 314 copyright of 430–431 (NSW) 600 NP Generations Pty Ltd v Feneley (2001) passing of 268–269 motor vehicle insurance 600 456 of patent 452 multiple listing 332, 341 Nuckin Futs 439 of trade mark 443 music and video licences 471 nuisance 168–170, 187 O’ Toole v Charles David (1991) 98 musical works 422–423 forms of 168 Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd (1994) private 169 Pacific Dunlop Ltd v Hogan (1989) 240 public 169–170 177 mutual liability 468, 493, 501, 530 and trespass to land, difference Paciocco v Australia New Zealand mutual mistake 293, 314 between 169 Banking Group Ltd [2016] 360 NV Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken v Palermo v Palermo No 2 (2014) 504 Nagle v Rottnest Island Authority (1993) Mirabella International Pty Ltd Panorama Developments (Guildford) Ltd 209 (1995) 447 v Fidelis Furnishing Fabrics Ltd Narich Pty Ltd v Commissioner for [1971] 323 Pay-roll Tax (NSW) [1983] 622 obiter dicta 119, 152, 212, 219 Papas v Bianca Investments Pty Ltd National Commercial Banking Corp of obiter dictum 292, 314 (2002) 292 Australia Ltd v Batty (1986) 510 occupier’s liability 207–209 parallel import 405, 415, 433, 462 National Competition Council 390 offer 223–227, 253 Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] National Consumer Credit Protection acceptance, rejection or revocation 198 Act 2009 (Cth) 585, 586 224 parliament in operation National Credit Code 587 see also advertising and advertisements legislation types 74–75 debtors protection 225–226 process see parliament process breaching 589 auctions and tenders 226–227 resolving deadlocks 72–74 National Employment Standards (NES) request for information 224–225 parliamentary republic 33 625–627, 641 offeree 223–224, 227, 253 parliamentary sovereignty 7 national minimum wage 628 offeror 223, 253 parliaments 65, 107 national partnerships 502 Office of Parliamentary Counsel 70, Australia 65t National Personal Insolvency Index 107 federal parliament 67–68 655 Official Journal of Trade Marks 441 history of 65–66 native title 36, 61 Official Receiver 674 number of representatives 68t natural justice 54, 61 officious bystander test 260 operation 69–75 necessaries, contracts for 245 old system title (mortgage) 479, 493, process 69–72 necessity defence 168 580, 595 state parliaments 68–69 negligence 191, 219, 285, 371 see also ombudsman 52–53, 61, 376, 387 structure of 66–69, 67t tort of negligence commonwealth and state/territory parol evidence rule 277–278, 285 negligent misrepresentation 279, 285 52t parties, to contract 222, 253 negligent misstatement 212–493 industry 53t partly paid 540 negotiable 569, 595 one-party state 33 partner negotiable instrument 538, 564 online agreement 230 apparent authority 506–509 negotiation 101, 107 online e-business resources 486 authority of 505–509 neighbour principle 192 open agency 332, 341 death or bankruptcy of 664 Nelson v Nelson (1995) 518 oppressive conduct 556, 564 duty not to compete 512 nemo dat quod non habet rule 269, option 224, 253, 257, 285 duty of disclosure 511 285, 571, 597 to renew 485, 495, 532 duty to share profits 511 Network Ten Pty Ltd v TCN Channel to purchase 485, 495 express authority 506 Nine Pty Ltd (2004) 424 options 540, 564 expulsion of 664

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686 INDEX i i

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general 505 Patents Cooperation Treaty [1970] 451 Australian 41t limited 505 Patents Office of IP Australia 446 poll 555, 564 new 665 Pay As You Go instalments scheme portfolio 51, 61 retirement 664 610, 617, 622, 641 possession of property 472, 493 right to access financial records 513 Pay As You Go withholding scheme post-Federation legislation 40 right to assign interest 514 610, 617 postal rule 229, 253 right to indemnity 513 payday lenders 585 Powell v Lee (1908) 228 right to interest on capital payment by buyer 270 power of attorney 321–322, 341 contributions 513 payments enduring 321 right to interest on loans 513 cash 567–569 general 321 right to introduce new partners 513 cheques and bills of exchange power of sale 579, 595 right to participate in management 569–572 powers of attorney 240, 253 513 credit and debit cards 572–573 practical benefits test 240–241 right to remain a partner 514 electronic funds transfer 573–576 pre-Federation legislation 37 right to resolution of disagreements forms of 567, 568f precedents 76, 108 513 payroll tax 617, 641, 674 binding and persuasive precedents right to share in capital, profits and penal liability 135 97–98 losses 512 penalties 409–410 distinguishing and rejecting precedent right to wages 513 per se offences 164, 188, 391, 415 98 rights and duties in 510–515 The People (Director of Public judicial activism 98–99 silent/sleeping 501 Prosecutions) v Farrell [1978] 128 predatory pricing 401, 415 partnership 467, 468, 493, 498–516, peremptory challenge 88, 107 preference shares 539, 564 530, 612–613, 664–667 periodic tenancy 482, 493 prehearing conference 92, 108 agreement 504–505, 530 perpetual succession 530 preliminary agreement 234 and discrimination 514 Perre v Apand Pty Ltd (1999) 211 prerogative writ 53, 61 debts and contracts 509–510 Perri v Coolangatta Investments Pty Ltd prescribed entity 206 debts of 498 (1982) 262 presidential system 33 definition of 499–502 personal identification number (PIN) presumptions, common law 133–136 dissolution and continuation 573, 574 price fixing 398–400, 415 664–665 personal information 379, 387 price leadership 399 dissolution and winding up 665–666 access to 381 price lists 226 features of 498 correction of 381 Prices Surveillance Authority 391 forming 499–505 cross-border disclosure of 380 prima facie 530 incorporated limited 505 notification of collection of 380 primary boycotts 403 indicators of 502–504 open and transparent management of primary legal material 112–116, 152 liability of 509–510 379–380 case law 113–116 limited 505 quality of 381 legislation 113 national 502 use and disclosure of 380 principal 289, 314, 318, 341, 468, 493, number of partners in 500 Personal Information Protection Act 530 prima facie evidence of 503 2004 (Tas) 383 examples of 319t professional 500t personal insolvency agreement vicarious liability of 334–335 property 515–516 656–657, 674 principal–agent relationship 319, 321 torts and crimes 510 personal property 472–473, 493, 583, automatic termination 335 winding up process 666–667 595 fiduciary relationship 326 Partnership Act 1890 (UK) 498 securities over 583–584 termination by parties 335 partnership agreement 530 personal property law 12 prior art base 448, 462 partnership law 12 Personal Property Securities (PPS) privacy passing off 177, 188, 444–445, 462 Register 539, 583 importance of 377 past consideration 237–238, 253 Personal Property Securities Act 2009 types of 377, 378f patent 446–452, 462 (Cth) 583 Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) 176, 378 defences 452 persuasive precedent 97, 107 Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014 duration of protection 451 Petelin v Cullen (1975) 257 (Vic) 383 exclusive rights of owner 451 petrol price fixing 399 Privacy and Personal Information extent of protection 450–452 Pfizer Overseas Pharmaceuticals v Eli Protection Act 1998 (NSW) 382 infringement 452 Lilly & Co (2005) 450 privacy of communications 377 innovation 446 Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933 122 private international law 13, 25 international protection 451–452 Phillips v Daly (1988) 208 private law 11–13, 25 inventive/innovative step 449 Phonographic Performance Company of commercial law 12 manner of manufacture 447–448 Australia (PPCA) 430 company law 12 ownership of 450 Placer Development Ltd v competition law 12 protection, requirements for Commonwealth (1969) 237 consumer law 12 447–450 plain language movement 124 contract law 12 registration process 449–450 plaintiff 76, 107, 578, 595 employment law 12 remedies for infringement 452 Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994 (Cth) partnership law 12 standard 446 446 property law 12 types of 446–447 plea bargaining 93, 107 tort law 11 patent attorney 448, 462 political change 14 Private Member’s Bill 70, 108 Patents Act 1990 (Cth) 446, 448 political parties 41–42 private nuisance 169, 188

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INDEX 687 i i

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privity of contract 287–289 purpose of statute, ascertaining referral selling 366, 387 Privy Council 80 130–133 Register of Designs 454 Privy Council (Appeals from the High use of 130 registrar 91, 108 Court) Act 1975 80 pyramid schemes 346, 365–366, 387, registration of business name 470–471 Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) 530 regulation 55, 61 Act 1968 80 related entity 674 procedural justice 17, 26 qualified privilege, defence of 172 related party transactions 556, 564 procedural law 11, 26 quantum meruit payment 302, 314 relation back day 674 product and trade name franchises 521 Queensland Act 45 release of mortgage 580, 595 product dimension (market) 393 Queensland Coast Islands Declaratory remainder 476, 494 product liability insurance 469, 600 Act 1985 36 remedies 409 professional indemnity insurance 469, quiet enjoyment, covenant of 483, 494 remuneration 331–332, 530 600 quiet possession 264, 285 rent review 484 professional partnerships 500t quorum requirements 555, 564 repealed (Act) 72, 108, 113, 152 Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian repealing Act 75, 108 Broadcasting Authority (1998) R v Clarke (1927) 114, 229 replaceable rules 544, 564 127 R v Harris (1836) 127 representation 276, 285 promise R v Wakim (1999) 83 non-contractual 276 non-contractual 276 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 36, 46 representative democracy 30, 61 unenforceable 280 Ramsgate Victoria Hotel Co Ltd v republic 49, 61 promisee 235, 253 Montefiore (1866) 224 requests for information 224–225 promisor 235, 253 Rank Film Production Ltd v Dodds resale price maintenance 401–403, 415 promissory estoppel 241–243, 276, 285 [1983] 427 rescission 299–302, 314 proof of debt 674 ratchet clause 483, 494 complete failure to perform 299–300 property 472–473, 493 rates 479, 494, 617 partial failure to perform 300–302 charge on 580 ratification, authority by 326, 341 reserve powers, Governor-General and forms of 473f ratio decidendi 119, 124, 152 State Governors 50, 61 partnership 515–516 Ravenseft Properties Ltd v Davstone residual powers 44, 46–47, 61 personal 472 (Holdings) Ltd 1980 123 resolution 555, 565 real 472–473 Re Garwood’s Trusts; Garwood v respondent 95, 108 property insurance 617 Paynter 1903 514 responsible government 35 property law 12 Re Gunns Plantations Limited (In responsible lending 586 proprietary company 534, 536, 537, Liquidation) (Receivers & restitution 246, 253 564 Managers Appointed) 2015 662 restorative justice 17, 26 large 537 Re HIH Insurance Ltd and HIH Casualty restraint of trade 275, 285, 456, 462 small 537 and General Insurance Ltd; ASIC v resulting trust 530 prosecution 4, 7, 26, 158, 188 Adler (2002) 552 retention of title clauses 269, 285 prospectus 537, 564 Re Mineworkers Pension Scheme Trusts; retributive justice 17, 26 Provincial Insurance Australia Pty Ltd v Cowan v Scargill [1985] 519 retrospective 72, 108, 326, 481, 494 Consolidated Wood Products Pty Re Warumungu Land Claim; Ex parte lease commencement date 481 Ltd (1991) 329 Attorney-General (NT) (1988) ratification 326 proxy 555, 564 133 reversed 95, 108 public authorities, liability of 209–210 re-examination 95, 108 Review of National Competition Policy public benefit 411 real estate agents 332 Reforms 348 public company 536, 564 real estate institute 478t reviving Act 75, 108 public detriment 411 real evidence 94, 108 revoke 224, 253 public disclosure 448 real property 469, 472–473, 494, 580, Reynolds v Turner (1989) 265 public document 172 595 rezoning 478, 494 publication of 172 buying and owning 475–481 right of survivorship 477, 494 public domain 420, 462 co-ownership 476–477 Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 public international law 13, 26 fixtures 474–475 (NT) 48 public law 11–13, 26 land 473 risk management plan 467 public liability insurance 191, 219, mortgage 580 Rixon v Star City Pty Ltd [2001] 167 469, 494, 599 registration of title 479–481 Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v iiNet Ltd (No crisis 19 steps for buying of 478 3) (2010) 432 public nuisance 169–170, 188 strata title and community title 477 Robinson v Ashton (1875) 515 Public Service Employees Credit Union types of ownership 475–476 Robinson v Graves [1935] 263 Cooperative Ltd v Campion (1984) real property law 12 Romalpa clauses 269 248 reasonable foreseeability and 192 Romeo v Conservation Commission of public warning notice 374 reasonable person standard 350 Northern Territory (1998) 209 ‘published edition’ of original works reasonable person test 196, 219 Rookes v Barnard No 1 [1964] 178 424, 430 rebut 253 Rootes v Shelton (1967) 204 puffery 234, 280 receiver 582, 595, 674 Roscorla v Thomas [1842] 238 pure economic loss 211, 219 receivership 645–646 Rose & Frank Co v JR Crompton & pure endowment policy 599 red tape, and business 20 Brothers Ltd [1925] 233 purposive approach to interpretation reddendo singula singulis 135, 152 Rowe v McCartney [1976] 204 129–133, 152 redemption 581, 595 Royal Assent 71 interpretation Acts and 129 referendum 48, 61 royalties 420

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688 INDEX i i

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rule of law 9, 26, 30, 61 simple contract 289, 314 contextual approach 127–129 rule, types of 7 time limit for 289–290 importance of 125 simple contracts 240 literal approach 125 Said v Butt [1920] 333 slander 170 purposive approach 129–133 sale by sample 267 Smith v Anderson (1880) 501 rules of 125f sale of goods Smith v Hughes 1960 129 statutory rules 136–137 contract for 263–264 Smythe v Thomas (2007) 227 statutory judicial review 54t legislation 263t Snow v Eaton Centre (1982) 427 statutory liability 160 Sale of Goods Act 1893 345 social agreement 232–233 statutory remedies 181, 306–307 Sale of Goods Act 1923 (NSW) 265 social entrepreneur 467 buyer’s remedies 306–307 Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] social order, maintaining 8 seller’s remedies 306 534 sole agency 332, 341 statutory rules 136–137 Samuel Taylor Pty Ltd v Registrar of sole trader 467, 494, 497–498, 530, statutory time limits, for contracts 289, Trade Marks (1959) 439 612 289t SCAMwatch 347 solicitors 90, 108 Steele v Tardiani (1946) 302 scope of liability 203–204 sound recordings 422, 429 Stilk v Myrick (1809) 238 secondary boycotts 403–404 Southwark LBC v Williams [1971] 168 strata title 477, 494 secondary legal material 112, 152 sovereign 7 strict liability 163, 212, 219, 372, 387, locating 116 special agents 319, 341 632, 641 secret commission 330, 341 special conditions 478, 494 subconscious plagiarism 432 secretary 322, 341, 534, 545, 565 special damages 304, 314 subdivision 478, 494 secured creditor 469, 494, 580, 595, special leave 80, 108 subpoena 95, 108 674 special resolution 545, 565 subrogation 606, 617 secured debts 580–584 ‘special weakness or disadvantage’ 298 subscription price 540, 565 consumer credit 585 specialised courts and tribunals 83t, subsidiary 378, 387 credit licences 585–586 83–84 subsidiary company 537, 565 guarantees 584 specific goods 268, 285 substantially lessening competition 394 mortgages 580–583 specific performance 95, 108, 242, substantiation notice 373 responsible lending 586 253, 305, 314, 477, 494 substantive law 11, 26 securities over personal property Springer v Great Western Railway Co succession plan 467 583–584 [1921] 325 succession planning 668–675 Seear v Cohen (1881) 294 Spyer v Phillipson 1931 475 Sullivan v Moody (2001) 194 self-defence 163, 168 stale cheque 572 summary offence 76, 108, 162, 188, Senate 67, 108 stamp duty 479, 494, 617 434, 462 Senior Minister 51, 62 standard form contract 272, 285, 298, Summary Offences Act 158 sensitive information 379, 387 314, 345, 358–359, 387, 478, 494, Summers v Solomon (1857) 323 separate legal entity 468, 494, 530, 674 sunset clause 75 535, 617 standard of proof 93, 108 superannuation contributions 612, 617, separation of powers 34–35 standard patent 446, 462 622, 642 separation of powers versus division of and innovation patent, differences Supreme Courts 80–81 power 35f between 449 swimming pool registration 471 sequestration order 674 standard writing 142 Sydney City Council v West (1965) 273 service 92, 108, 578, 596 Stanley v Powell [1891] 164 system of rules 11 settlement 668, 674 stare decisis 96, 108 settlement of contract of sale 477, 494 state 7 Taco Company of Australia Inc v Taco settlor 468, 494, 530 and government 7 Bell Pty Ltd (1982) 353 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) 514 State and Territory consumer protection Tame v New South Wales (2002) 195 shadow director 545, 565 agencies 349 tangible product 418 share capital 539–540 State and Territory court hierarchies tap and pay technology 575 shareholder 530, 536, 554 81f Tarling v Baxter (1827) 268 distribution rights 554 High Court of Australia 80 tax 607 general meetings 554–556 intermediate courts 81–82 administration 611–612 remedies 556 lower courts 82–83 company 613 rights to receive information 554 Supreme Courts 80–81 forms of 607t, 608–611 voting rights 554 State and Territory courts websites 81t goods and services tax 611 shares 263, 285, 539, 565 State government 4, 26 partnership 612–613 ordinary 539 State Governors 31, 50–51 purpose of 608 preference 539 state parliaments 68–69 and revenue offices 609t sheriff 91, 108 statement of affairs 674 sole trader 614 shop trading hours 486 statement of claim 13, 26, 92, 108, and superannuation 630–631 Shorten, Bill 74 578, 596 trust 613 shrinkwrap contract 259 statute law 113 Tax File Number (TFN) 378, 387, 617 sign statutes 160, 188 tax laws 9 definition of 437 statutory authority defence 170 taxation law 11 proscribed 438 statutory derivative action 557, 565 Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 308 silent partner 469, 501 statutory illegality 248 Taylor v Johnson (1983) 291 Silservice v Supreme Bread Pty Ltd statutory interpretation 124–125, 152 TCN Channel Nine Pty Ltd v Network (1949) 170 common law presumptions 133–136 Ten Pty Ltd (No 2) (2005) 431

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INDEX 689 i i

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technology, changing 14 tort of nuisance 168–170 types of 517–518 Telecommunications (Interception and tort of passing off 177–178, 424, winding up 667 Access) Act 1979 (Cth) 377 444–445 trust account 331, 341, 479, 494, Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth) tort of trespass 530 409 defences to 168 trust deed 468, 494, 530 telemarketing 368 deliberately causing harm to trust property 468, 494, 530 television and sound (radio) broadcasts person/property 163–168 trustee 468, 494, 530 423, 432 types of 163–168 controlling 656 temporal dimension (market) 393 tortious liability 159 duties of 519 tenancy 481 and criminal liability, differences in bankruptcy 649–650 tenancy in common 476, 494 between 159t powers of 519 tenants’ fixtures 474–475, 494 torts 318, 341 rights of 519–520 tenders 226–227 TPC v Australia Meat Holdings Pty Ltd trustee in bankruptcy 649, 675 term policy 599 (1988) 393 turnover rent 484, 494 terms of contract 255f TPC v Email (1980) 399 express terms 256–260 TPC v Massey Ferguson (Australia) Ltd uberrimae fidei 602, 617 implied terms 260–262 (1983) 404 UK constitution 10 statutory terms 262–272 TPC v Sony (Australia) Pty Ltd (1990) unanimous judgment 95, 108 terra nullius 36, 62 402 unascertained goods 269, 285 territorial privacy 377 TPC v TNT Australia Pty Ltd (1995) uncommercial transaction 660, 675 territories 47–48 395 unconscionable conduct 296, 314, Territory Gazette 71 trade mark 436–446, 462, 471, 494 355–358, 387 testimony 93, 108 certification 441 underwritten 540, 565 TFN see Tax File Number collective 441 undue influence 295–296, 314 theft 175, 188 defensive 441 unenforceable contracts 290–299 theocracy 33 definition of 436 duress 293–295 third line forcing 405, 415 descriptive term 440 mistake 290–293 third parties 227, 253, 287, 314, 318, distinctive or unique words 439 unconscionability 296–299 341, 530 duration of protection 442 undue influence 295–296 assigning contractual rights 289 exclusive rights of owner 442 unenforceable promises 280 minor liability to 500 extent of protection 442–443 unenforceable terms 274–276 third party property motor vehicle graphic representation 438 terms imposing unreasonable restraint insurance 600 infringement 443–444 of trade 275–276 Thomas v Thomas (1842) 236 international protection 442–443 terms limiting court’s jurisdiction Thompson v London, Midland & Scottish and internet 443 275 Railway Co [1930] 258 ownership of 442 unfair contract terms 358–361 Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd protection, requirements for unfair dismissal 637–639, 642 [1971] 258 438–441 unfair loan 675 tied grants 46 registration criteria 438–440 unfair practices 361–366 time limits, for civil proceedings 181 registration process 440–441 unfair preference 675 title 264–265 scandalous 439–440 unfair terms, in consumer contracts title registries 480t signs and marks 438 298 Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth) symbols 441 unfair terms, use of 298 442 unregistered 444–446 unicameral parliament 67 Toll (FGCT) Pty Ltd v Alphapharm Pty trade mark infringement 443–444 unilateral contract 229, 253 Ltd (2004) 256 defences 444 unilateral mistake 291–292, 314 Tooth v Laws (1888) 324 remedies 444 unimproved value (of real property) Torpedoes Sportswear Pty Ltd v Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth) 437, 453 611, 617 Thorpedo Enterprises Pty Ltd Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA) unincorporated association 468, 494 (2003) 440 45, 345, 350, 390, 391 unit trust 530 Torrens system of title 580, 596 Trade Practices Amendment (Australian unitary system of government 33, 62 Torrens system title 479–480, 494 Consumer Law) Act (No. 1) 2010 unity of interest 476 tort 159, 188 (Cth) 348 unity of possession 476 tort law 4, 11, 26 Trade Practices Commission (TPC) unity of time 476 tort of deceit 176–177 390, 393, 415 unity of title 476 tort of defamation 170–174, 424 trading trust 530 universal agents 319, 341 tort of interference with contractual trespass 163, 188 universal implied term 261 relations 178–179 to goods 166, 188 University of South Australia Act 1990 tort of intimidation 178 to land 164–166, 188 (SA) 128 tort of negligence 190–211, 279, 328, to person 166–168, 188 unlawful discrimination 642 341 types of 164f unlawful harassment 634–636 applications 207–211 trespass to land 473, 494 unlawful termination 639 breach of duty of care 195–201 Trident General Insurance Co Ltd v unliquidated damages 303, 314 defences 204–207 McNiece Bros Pty Ltd (1988) 288 unqualified acceptance 227–228 duty of care 191–195 trust 467, 494, 516–520, 530, 613–675 unreasonable director related transaction harm caused by breach of duty constructive 518 660, 675 201–204 express 517–518 unregistered trade mark 444–446 requirements for legal action 191 implied 518 unsecured creditors 662

Pdf_Folio:690

690 INDEX i i

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unsolicited consumer agreement Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher Woods v Multi-Sport Holdings Pty Ltd 368–369, 387 (1988) 241 (2002) 197 upheld 95, 108 warranty 300–301, 314, 642 work from home scams 346 utilitarianism 17, 26 and condition 307 Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth) breach of 301 (WHS Act) 629–632 vague promise 237 Watt v Hertfordshire County Council workers compensation 82, 108, Van Den Esschert v Chappell [1960] [1954] 199 632–633, 642 277 weight loss scams 346 workplace discrimination, unlawful vehicle registration 472 welfare laws 9 634 vending machine 227 Westminster system 67, 108 workplace gender equality 636–637 vertical integration 402 WGEA see Workplace Gender Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012 veto 68, 108, 556, 565 EqualityAgency (Cth) 636 vicarious liability 160–161, 188, 341, White v Bluett (1853) 237 Workplace Gender Equality Agency 622, 642 White v John Warwick & Co Ltd [1953] (WGEA) 636 of principal 334–335 273 workplace health and safety 629 vicariously liable 334 white-collar crime 175, 188 directors, obligation on 631 Vienna Sales Convention 13 bribery 175 employers duty 630–631 Virgin Enterprises Ltd v Klapsas [2002] embezzlement 175 legislation 629 444 industrial espionage 175 workers duty 631 void 290, 293, 314 insider trading 175 Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth) void charges 661 money laundering 175 74, 622 voidable 278, 285, 293, 314 theft 175 Workplace Relations Amendment voidable transactions 651, 660–661, Whitehead v Griffith University [2002] (WorkChoices) Act 2005 620 675 115 workplace, ethical 636 voluntary administration 662–664, 675 whole of life policy 599 World Intellectual Property Organization voluntary assumption of risk 204–205, Whywait Pty Ltd v Davison 1997 503 (WIPO) 487 219 Willemstad (1976) 211 writ of execution 579, 596 volunteers 206 Wilson v Horne (1999) 182 winding-up 540, 565, 579, 596 Yates v Jones [1990] 201 waive 239, 253 Windsurfing International Inc v Petit & Yunus, Muhammad 467 waiver 427, 462 Borsimex Ltd (1983) 449 Wakeling v Ripley (1951) 233 wisdom, ethical person 18 Zeccola v Universal City Studios Inc Wallis v Downard-Pickford (North witness 95 (1982) 431 Queensland) Pty Ltd (1994) 45 women directors 553 Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd (1955) 622

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INDEX 691 i i

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