G ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT Diachronous Deposits Of
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT AbhGeolB A ,GA - - ISSN 0378-08641 ISBN 3-85316-007-7 Band 56/2 S. 669-678 I Wien, Dezember 1999 Geologie ohne Grenzen Redaktion: Festschrift 150 Jahre Geologische Bundesanstalt Harald Lobitzer & Pavol Grecula Diachronous deposits of Lake Pannon in the Kisalföld Basin reflect basin and mollusc evolution IMRE MAGYAR, PÄL MÜLLER, DANA H. GEARY, HILARY C. SANDERS and GABOR C. TARI Pannonischer See Kleine Ungarische Tiefebene Burgenland Slowakei Österreichische Karte 1:50 000 Beckenanalyse Blätter 60, 61, 62, 77, 78, 79, 80, 107, 108, 109, 137, 138, 139, 167, 168 Mollusken-Evolution Contents Zusammenfassung 669 Abstract 670 1. Geological setting 670 2. Materials and methods 671 3. Comparison of the Burgenland and TCR faunas 672 3.1. Similarities 672 3.2. Differences 672 4. Discussion 675 Acknowledgements 675 References 675 Appendix 676 Diachrone Ablagerungen des Pannonischen Sees in der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene als Zeugen der Beckenentwicklung und der Molluskenevolution Zusammenfassung Das jungtertiäre Becken der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene (Kisalföld) bildet einen Teilabschnitt des mitteleuropäischen Pannonischen Beckens und umfaßt Gebiete in der südwestlichen Slowakei, im östlichen Österreich sowie im nordwestlichen Ungarn. Littorale Sedimente des spätmiozänen Pannonischen Sees sind sowohl an dessen Westrand im Burgenland aufgeschlossen, als auch an dessen Ostrand im Transdanubischen Mittelgebirge. Reflexionsseismische Profile bezeugen, daß die Sedimentfüllung der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene von NW nach SE progradierte. Als Folge dessen stellen die littoralen Sedimente des Burgenlands und des Transdanubischen Mittelgebirges nicht gegenüberliegende Küstenbildungen der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene dar, sondern wurden entlang der gleichen progradierten nordwest lichen Küstenlinie des Pannonischen Sees, jedoch zu jeweils anderer Zeit, abgelagert. Die Molluskenfauna der westlichen Aufschlüsse ist einförmig ausgebildet und wird hier als "Fauna des Burgenlands" bezeichnet. Gleichermaßen ist auch die Fauna der östlichen Aufschlüsse recht einförmig ausgebildet und wird hier als "Fauna des Transdanubischen Mittelgebirges" bezeichnet. Aufgrund der Ähnlichkeiten zwischen diesen beiden Faunen, kann wohl davon ausgegangen werden, daß ihre Lebensräume im littoralen Bereich des Pannonischen Sees sehr ähnlich ausgebildet waren. Mehrere Bivalvenarten zeigen jedoch deutliche morphologische Unterschiede in den beiden Faunengebieten, die auf evolutive Ursachen zurückgeführt werden. Der Unterschied zwischen der Fauna des Burgenlands und der Fauna des Transdanubischen Mittelgebirges hat biostratigraphische Bedeutung, wodurch die Grenze zwischen der Lymnocardium conjungens Zone (Burgenland) und der Lymnocardium ponticum Zone (Transdanubisches Mittelgebirge) definiert wird. Magnetostratigraphische Daten legen nahe, daß mit einem Zeitunterschied im Bereich von etwa 500.000 Jahren zu rechnen sein dürfte. Addresses of the authors: IMRE MAGYAR, MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas Company, Satthyäny u. 45, H-1039, Budapest; PÄL MÜLLER, Geological Institute of Hungary, Stefänia tit 14, H-1143, Budapest; DANA H. GEARY, HILARY C. SANDERS, Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 Dayton Street, Madison, Wl 53706, U.S.A.; GABOR C. TARI, BP Amoco Exploration, 501 West Lake Park Boulevard, Houston, TX 77079-2696, U.S.A. 669 Abstract The Neogene Kisalföld Basin is a subunit of the Central European Pannonian Basin. It includes southwestern Slovakia, the easternmost part of Austria, and northwestern Hungary. Littoral sediments of the Late Miocene Lake Pannon outcrop along the western (Burgenland) and eastern (Transdanubian Central Range, TCR) margins of the basin. Seismic reflection profiles across the Kisalföld Basin indicate that the basin was filled with sediments via progradation from the NW to the SE. Consequently, the littoral sediments of Burgenland and the Transdanubian Central Range do not represent opposite shores of the Kisalföld Basin; instead, they were deposited on the same progra- ding northwestern shoreline of Lake Pannon during two different time intervals. The mollusc fauna of the western outcrops is uniform (refer red to here as the Burgenland fauna). Similarly, the eastern outcrops yield a uniform fauna (the TCR fauna). Similarity between the Burgenland and the TCR faunas allows us to establish that they lived in similar environments in the littoral zone of Lake Pannon. There are, however, consistent morphological differences between Burgenland and TCR forms in several bivalve species, which are thus interpreted as evolutionary change. The difference between the Burgenland and TCR faunas is useful for biostratigraphy; it defines the boundary be tween the Lymnocardium conjungens Zone (Burgenland) and Lymnocardium ponticum Zone (TCR). Magnetostratigraphic data suggest that the time difference involved is on the order of a half million years. 1. Geological setting the littoral zone of Lake Pannnon shifted from the NW to wards the SE (Text-Fig. 2). Seismic profiles also suggest that The Kisalföld ("Danube") Basin is a subbasin of the at this time the Transdanubian Central Range (TCR) was a Neogene Pannonian Basin of Central Europe. Its area is submerged sill, or a series of islands at best. shared by Austria, Slovakia, and Hungary (Text-Fig.1). The Due to Pliocene-Quaternary tectonic inversion, the sedi geology of the Kisalföld basin has recently been treated by mentary formations of Lake Pannon became exposed and KÖRÖSSY (1987), KEITH et al. (1994), TARI (1994, 1996), eroded along the western and eastern edges of the basin, HORVÄTH et al. (1995a), MATTICK et al. (1996), HRUSECKY et al. while the central part underwent continued subsidence, and (1996), and KOVÄC & BARÄTH (1996). The Kisalföld Neogene was covered by Pliocene and Quaternary terrestrial sedi Basin is superimposed on the Alpine thrust-fold belts of the ments (HORVÄTH et al., 1995b). Along the western edge of Eastern Alps and Western Carpathians. Following an Early to the basin, the littoral sediments of Lake Pannon outcrop in Middle Miocene, partly terrestrial, partly marine synrift stage, a number of fossiliferous localities in Burgenland and adja the bulk of the Neogene sedimentary formations were de cent areas of Slovakia and Hungary, from Pezinok in the posited in the Late Miocene brackish Lake Pannon, which north to Stegersbach in the south. Similar sediments out flooded the area due to a widespread post-rift (thermal) sub crop at the eastern boundary of the basin, along the western sidence. Seismic reflectors show that the Kisalföld Basin was foot of the TCR, from Chl'aba in the north to Ukk in the south filled with sediments prevailingly from the NW, implying that (Text-Fig. 1). Text-Fig. 1. The Kisalföld Basin with locations referred to in the text and in the Appendix. 670 NW SE QUATERNARY 10 KM PALEOZOIC (LOWER/MIDDLE AUSTROALPINE NAPPES) 3- MESOZOIC/PALEOZOIC (TRANSDANUBIAN CENTRAL RANGE) 4-A Text-Fig. 2. Line drawing interpretation of a seismic profile illustrating progradation from the northwest towards the south east across the Kisalföld Basin. For location see Fig. 1. Vertical exaggeration is ten-fold at 2000 m/s velocity. For the original seismic profile see TARI (1994) and HORVÄTH et al. (1995b). We observed that the littoral bivalve fauna from the western JPL: Collection of JOSEF PAUL LUEGER (St. Leonhard am Forst, margin of the basin ("Burgenland fauna") is uniform in the Austria) sense that it represents a particular evolutionary stage in each MÄFI: Collection of the Hungarian Geological Institute (Budapest, lineage. We found that the same is true for the eastern margin Hungary) as well; apart from slight facies differences, any member of MM: Collection of PAL MÜLLER and IMRE MAGYAR (Budapest, this "TCR fauna" is represented by the same evolutionary stage Hungary) in the outcrops throughout the entire length of the TCR. NHMW: Collection of the Vienna Natural History Museum (Vienna, There are striking similarities between these uniform western Austria) and eastern faunas, suggesting that their paleoenvironments TTM: Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum were very similar. In a number of bivalve species, however, (Budapest, Hungary) UV: Collection of the University of Vienna (Vienna, Austria) there are relatively slight, but consistent morphological differ ences between the two faunas, reflecting evolutionary chan ges through time. These differences in most cases are easily The fossils were collected from littoral sandy or gravely de recognizable, and make the two faunas distinguishable. posits. Even in the case of museum specimens, we were able to identify the original embedding rock because we knew the outcrop from which the specimens came, the description 2. Materials and methods of the outcrop was available, or because sand grains attached to the shells indicated the sandy environment. These sand lay In this study, we included only fossils that we have seen ers are either amalgamated, forming thick sandy sequences, ourselves or that were depicted in publications. We did not or they are thin intercalations in sublittoral silt sequences. use reports or determinations that we have not had the op In Burgenland as well as adjacent areas of Slovakia and portunity to check. We utilized the following museum and pri Hungary, the littoral deposits of Lake Pannon are of various vate collections (the list of fossils that formed the basis for ages. In this study we included