Events 14Th Century-21St Century
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Royal Government in Guyenne During the First War of Religion
ROYAL GOVERNMENT IN GUYENNE DURING THE FIRST WAR OF RELIGION: 1561 - 1563 by DANIEL RICHARD BIRCH B.R.E., Northwest Baptist Theological College, i960 B.A., University of British Columbia, 1963 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 1968 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his represen• tatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date March 21, 1968 - ABSTRACT - The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the principal challenges to royal authority and the means by which royal authority was maintained in France during the first War of Religion (1561-1563). The latter half of the sixteenth century was a critical period for the French monarchy. Great noble families attempted to re-establish their feudal power at the expense of the crown. Francis II and Charles IX, kings who were merely boys, succeeded strong monarchs on the throne. The kingdom was im• poverished by foreign wars and overrun by veteran soldiers, ill- absorbed into civil life. -
Paris History Early History Julius Caesar Conquered Paris in 52 BC It
Paris History Early History Julius Caesar conquered Paris in 52 B.C. It was then a fishing village, called Lutetia Parisiorum (the Parisii were a Gallic tribe), on the Île de la Cité. Under the Romans the town spread to the left bank and acquired considerable importance under the later emperors. The vast catacombs under Montparnasse and the baths (now in the Cluny Mus.) remain from the Roman period. Legend says that St. Denis, first bishop of Paris, was martyred on Montmartre (hence the name) and that in the 5th cent. St. Geneviève, the patron saint of Paris, preserved the city from destruction by the Huns. On several occasions in its early history Paris was threatened by barbarian and Norman invasions, which at times drove the inhabitants back to the Île de la Cité. Clovis I and several other Merovingian kings made Paris their capital; under Charlemagne it became a center of learning. In 987, Hugh Capet, count of Paris, became king of France. The Capetians firmly established Paris as the French capital. The city grew as the power of the French kings increased. In the 11th cent. the city spread to the right bank. During the next two centuries—the reign of Philip Augustus (1180–1223) is especially notable for the growth of Paris—streets were paved and the city walls enlarged; the first Louvre (a fortress) and several churches, including Notre-Dame, were constructed or begun; and the schools on the left bank were organized into the Univ. of Paris. One of them, the Sorbonne, became a fountainhead of theological learning with Albertus Magnus and St. -
The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions
Center for Basque Studies Basque Classics Series, No. 6 The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions by Philippe Veyrin Translated by Andrew Brown Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada This book was published with generous financial support obtained by the Association of Friends of the Center for Basque Studies from the Provincial Government of Bizkaia. Basque Classics Series, No. 6 Series Editors: William A. Douglass, Gregorio Monreal, and Pello Salaburu Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © 2011 by the Center for Basque Studies All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover and series design © 2011 by Jose Luis Agote Cover illustration: Xiberoko maskaradak (Maskaradak of Zuberoa), drawing by Paul-Adolph Kaufman, 1906 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Veyrin, Philippe, 1900-1962. [Basques de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre. English] The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre : their history and their traditions / by Philippe Veyrin ; with an introduction by Sandra Ott ; translated by Andrew Brown. p. cm. Translation of: Les Basques, de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Classic book on the Basques of Iparralde (French Basque Country) originally published in 1942, treating Basque history and culture in the region”--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-877802-99-7 (hardcover) 1. Pays Basque (France)--Description and travel. 2. Pays Basque (France)-- History. I. Title. DC611.B313V513 2011 944’.716--dc22 2011001810 Contents List of Illustrations..................................................... vii Note on Basque Orthography......................................... -
Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate
Freistaat Sachsen State Chancellery Message and Greeting ................................................................................................................................................. 2 State and People Delightful Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate ......................................................................................... 5 The Saxons – A people unto themselves: Spatial distribution/Population structure/Religion .......................... 7 The Sorbs – Much more than folklore ............................................................................................................ 11 Then and Now Saxony makes history: From early days to the modern era ..................................................................................... 13 Tabular Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Constitution and Legislature Saxony in fine constitutional shape: Saxony as Free State/Constitution/Coat of arms/Flag/Anthem ....................... 21 Saxony’s strong forces: State assembly/Political parties/Associations/Civic commitment ..................................... 23 Administrations and Politics Saxony’s lean administration: Prime minister, ministries/State administration/ State budget/Local government/E-government/Simplification of the law ............................................................................... 29 Saxony in Europe and in the world: Federalism/Europe/International -
Nineteenth-Century French Challenges to the Liberal Image of Russia
Ezequiel Adamovsky Russia as a Space of Hope: Nineteenth-century French Challenges to the Liberal Image of Russia Introduction Beginning with Montesquieu’s De l’esprit des lois, a particular perception of Russia emerged in France. To the traditional nega- tive image of Russia as a space of brutality and backwardness, Montesquieu now added a new insight into her ‘sociological’ otherness. In De l’esprit des lois Russia was characterized as a space marked by an absence. The missing element in Russian society was the independent intermediate corps that in other parts of Europe were the guardians of freedom. Thus, Russia’s back- wardness was explained by the lack of the very element that made Western Europe’s superiority. A similar conceptual frame was to become predominant in the French liberal tradition’s perception of Russia. After the disillusion in the progressive role of enlight- ened despotism — one must remember here Voltaire and the myth of Peter the Great and Catherine II — the French liberals went back to ‘sociological’ explanations of Russia’s backward- ness. However, for later liberals such as Diderot, Volney, Mably, Levesque or Louis-Philippe de Ségur the missing element was not so much the intermediate corps as the ‘third estate’.1 In the turn of liberalism from noble to bourgeois, the third estate — and later the ‘middle class’ — was thought to be the ‘yeast of freedom’ and the origin of progress and civilization. In the nineteenth century this liberal-bourgeois dichotomy of barbarian Russia (lacking a middle class) vs civilized Western Europe (the home of the middle class) became hegemonic in the mental map of French thought.2 European History Quarterly Copyright © 2003 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol. -
Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.Long.T65
Cambridge University Press 0521853591 - The Cambridge History of Warfare Edited by Geoffrey Parker Index More information Index Abrams, Creighton (American general, aircraft carriers, 251; American (1930s), Vietnam War), 381 320; American (World War II), 356; Actium, battle of (31 BC), 427 Japanese (World War II), 355 Adrianople; battle of (AD 378), 63; Aisne offensive (1918), 283, 305 most fought-over town in history, Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of (1748), 183, 427 184 Aelian (Tactics), 4, 157, 417, 431 Alans, 64 Aemilius Paulus (Roman general), 40 Alba, duke of, 5, 152, 155 Aeschylus on the Persian wars, 23, 25 Alberich (German withdrawal, 1917), Aetius (Roman general), 62, 63 298 Afghanistan’s democratic election. See Alberti, Leon Battista, on angled also al-Qaeda; Laden, Osama Bin, defences, 106 407 Alexander the Great, 3, 71, 98, 418 Agesilaus (Spartan general), 26, 37 Alexius (east Roman emperor), 79 aggression in the western military Alfonso X of Castile (Siete Partidas), 99 tradition, 6, 10, 414, 416, 418, Alfred the Great, 72, 76 425 Algerian War (1954–62), 372–374 Agincourt, battle of (1415), 88, 89 Algonkians, 139 agrarian warfare, 25, 30; Bronze-Age, Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), 85 18; hoplite, 18, 19, 21, 22; Roman Allerheim, battle of (1645), 160 militias, 49 Alma, battle of (1854), 222 air attacks; Gulf War, 392; Six Day War, Almagro, Diego de (Spanish 386; Vietnam War, 377–378, 380, conquistador), 139, 140 381; World War I, 309; World War al-Qaeda, 412. See also Laden, Osama II, 334, 351, 354, 357, 364; Yom Bin, 403; America strikes back, Kippur War, 387 406–412; America under attack, Air Corps Tactical School (USA), 319 403–406; Madrid explosion, 411 air defence,319, 387, 392; British Alvarez de Toledo, Don Fernando. -
1Daskalov R Tchavdar M Ed En
Entangled Histories of the Balkans Balkan Studies Library Editor-in-Chief Zoran Milutinović, University College London Editorial Board Gordon N. Bardos, Columbia University Alex Drace-Francis, University of Amsterdam Jasna Dragović-Soso, Goldsmiths, University of London Christian Voss, Humboldt University, Berlin Advisory Board Marie-Janine Calic, University of Munich Lenard J. Cohen, Simon Fraser University Radmila Gorup, Columbia University Robert M. Hayden, University of Pittsburgh Robert Hodel, Hamburg University Anna Krasteva, New Bulgarian University Galin Tihanov, Queen Mary, University of London Maria Todorova, University of Illinois Andrew Wachtel, Northwestern University VOLUME 9 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsl Entangled Histories of the Balkans Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies Edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover Illustration: Top left: Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), philologist and publicist, founder of Macedo- nian national ideology and the Macedonian standard language. Photographer unknown. Top right: Rigas Feraios (1757–1798), Greek political thinker and revolutionary, ideologist of the Greek Enlightenment. Portrait by Andreas Kriezis (1816–1880), Benaki Museum, Athens. Bottom left: Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), philologist, ethnographer and linguist, reformer of the Serbian language and founder of Serbo-Croatian. 1865, lithography by Josef Kriehuber. Bottom right: Şemseddin Sami Frashëri (1850–1904), Albanian writer and scholar, ideologist of Albanian and of modern Turkish nationalism, with his wife Emine. Photo around 1900, photo- grapher unknown. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Entangled histories of the Balkans / edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov. pages cm — (Balkan studies library ; Volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Science and the Library 1
By MARSTON MORSE Science and the Library 1 Dr. Morse is Professor, the Institute the use made of the stacks of the Harvard for Advanced Study, Princeton University. library by a former graduate student, now a distinguished professor. Among the other HE KINDLY, humorous and learned graduate students using the stacks was a T words with which Dr. Chalmers has particularly beautiful Radcliffe student, and characterized some of the mathematicians my friend made the stacks the scene of a o£ the past strengthen a resolution which successful courtship of this young woman. I have long entertained, to seek an alliance After they were married the firstborn was with humanists of his type on behalf of appropriately named Widener. Here there those scientists who are against the growing was a felicitous use of the library in the scientific materialism of the present day. pursuit of beauty. However, this illustra I his description of the intellectual ~ccept tion seemed to me to be lacking in univer agility and formidable severity of some of sality, so that I felt co~pelled to drop it. the historic figures in my profession, and Then it occurred to me that a library recall the story of Euler and Diderot at was indispensable in laying the foundations the court of Catherine the Great. Ac of knowledge. This idea was brought cording to this legend Diderot had fin home by my two-year-old Peter, who em ished his supposed proof before the as ployed my books as building blocks. The sembled court, of the non-existence of God, trouble with this illustration was that the and it was Euler's duty to reply. -
The Dredgings October 2020
October,2020 Volume 32,Issue 1,AS LV Being the Voiceofthe Barony ofLochmere in the KingdomofAtlantia, SCA,Inc. Insidethis issue Arts and Sciences....................3 Composerʼs Corner ................7 Foodfor Thought ...................8 History Highlights................... 9 Table of Contents Their Excellencies..............................2 Lochmere Calendar of Events........2 Atlantia Calendar of Events ............2 Information on the Dredgings.......2 Attention Lochmere Officers..........2 This Month in History .......................3 Help Wanted ........................................3 Arts and Sciences...............................3 New Member Information ...............4 Baronial Reoccurring Activities ....4 Their Excellencies Populace Meeting Minutes..............4 Composersʼ Corner...........................7 Food for Thought...............................8 History Highlights..............................9 To the Populace of Lochmere, Greetings! Lochmere Officers Listing............10 Lochmere Baronial Champions ..10 Information of the Dredgings Sarra and I have been keeping busy with projects around the The Dredgings is a publication of the Barony of Lochmere of the house, some SCAdian, some mundane. We are doing what we Society of Creative Anachronism, Inc. The Dredgings is a free can while we all are in this period of sequester. When you get a publication and is available electronically. You may request a chance please share your projects that you are working on. copy from the Barony of Lochmere Chronicler at We would -
Comparison of Constitutionalism in France and the United States, A
A COMPARISON OF CONSTITUTIONALISM IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES Martin A. Rogoff I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 22 If. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM ..................... 30 A. American constitutionalism defined and described ......................................... 31 B. The Constitution as a "canonical" text ............ 33 C. The Constitution as "codification" of formative American ideals .................................. 34 D. The Constitution and national solidarity .......... 36 E. The Constitution as a voluntary social compact ... 40 F. The Constitution as an operative document ....... 42 G. The federal judiciary:guardians of the Constitution ...................................... 43 H. The legal profession and the Constitution ......... 44 I. Legal education in the United States .............. 45 III. THE CONsTrrTION IN FRANCE ...................... 46 A. French constitutional thought ..................... 46 B. The Constitution as a "contested" document ...... 60 C. The Constitution and fundamental values ......... 64 D. The Constitution and nationalsolidarity .......... 68 E. The Constitution in practice ...................... 72 1. The Conseil constitutionnel ................... 73 2. The Conseil d'ttat ........................... 75 3. The Cour de Cassation ....................... 77 F. The French judiciary ............................. 78 G. The French bar................................... 81 H. Legal education in France ........................ 81 IV. CONCLUSION ........................................ -
Jewels from Volcanoes a Journey Through 500 Million Years of Earth History
JEWELS FROM VOLCANOES A journey through 500 Million Years of Earth History Zuständig für die Durchführung der ELER-Förderung im Freistaat Sachsen ist das Staatsministerium für Energie, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Land- wirtschaft, Referat Förderstrategie, ELER-Verwaltungsbehörde. Clicking this symbol on the top right corner of the double pages takes you back to the Index. Contents Welcome 3 The narrow gauge railway network of Mügeln and kaolin transport 30 Geopark Porphyrland 4 Glossen – living testimony of historic Travelling back in time – finding out why are loading and transport technology 31 we so rich in raw materials 6 Geoportal Mügeln Railway Station Supervolcanoes – Foundation of and China Clay Experience 32 the Geopark Porphyry Land 8 Clays for Ceramics in Wealth from rocks 10 the Künstlerhaus Schaddelmühle 33 Hills and towers 11 The Faïence and Stoneware Manufactory Hubertusburg 34 Geotopes – exciting places to understand geology 12 Ice Age discovery world in the Geopark Porphyry Land 36 Industrial culture – exploring industrial Drinking water production in the geopark 38 use of stones 13 Bad Lausick – traditional spa town since 1820 39 Unique and precious: “Rochlitz porphyry tuff“ 14 Castles and palaces in the Geopark Porphyry Land 40 The porphyry quarries on Rochlitz Hill and their owners 16 Geopark and Pleasure: hunting and fishing 43 Granite porphyry for the biggest monument in Europe 18 Geopark and Pleasure: fruit-growing 44 Basalt-Actien-Gesellschaft 21 Activities in the geopark 46 Trade Association Mineral Building Materials -
Dübener Heide Dahlener Heide
Nordsachsens Heidelandschaft entdecken Der heiße Draht zum ADAC Pannenhilfe 0180 222 22 22 Die sächsische Region nordöstlich von Leipzig ist eine (6 ct/Anruf dt. Festnetz) rund um die Uhr eiszeitlich geprägte Hügellandschaft. Deren Ursprünglichkeit ADAC Info-Service 0800 510 11 12 führte dazu, dass Teile des Gebietes das Prädikat „Naturpark (Mo. - Sa.: 8.00 - 20.00 Uhr) Dübener Heide“ erhielten. Eine artenreiche Tierwelt sowie Brutstätten seltener Vogelarten sind Zeichen dieser E-Mail [email protected] Dübener Heide schützenswerten Landschaft. Große Waldgebiete wechseln Internet adac.de/sachsen sich ab mit kaum berührten Moor landschaften und Dahlener Heide dazwischen verstreut finden sich kleine Heidedörfer, in denen Fordern Sie auch den ADAC Motorrad-Newsletter an alte Windmühlen Zeugnis vergangener Epochen ablegen. unter adac.de/mein-adac Aber auch kulturgeschichtlich gibt es in den Städten und Naturerlebnis und sächsische Geschichte Dörfern einiges zu ent decken, seien es große Schlösser aus ADAC Geschäftsstelle & Reisebüro zwischen Elbe und Mulde der Renaissance- und Barockzeit oder kleinere Zeugnisse Leipzig der Geschichte, deren Erbe von zahlreichen Heimat- und Petersstraße 48 Motorradkarte Sachsen Kulturvereinen liebevoll gepflegt wird. 04109 Leipzig (Mo. - Fr. 9.00 - 19.00 Uhr, Sa. 10.00 - 15.00 Uhr) Gleich zu Beginn kann am Flughafen Halle-Leipzig 1 ein Blick hinter die Kulissen geworfen werden, bevor Motorradfreundliche Hotels es nordwärts nach Delitzsch geht, wo das Barock- schloss seine Besucher empfängt 2 . Ein Abstecher Infos zu motorradfreundlichen nach Sachsen-Anhalt führt weiter zum Pegelturm am Hotels finden Sie unter Zertifizierter Goitzschesee 3 , von dem aus weit ins Land geblickt adac.de/motorradland-sachsen motorradfreundlicher Betrieb werden kann.