Ethnokulturelle Elemente in Der Phraseologie (Untersuchung Anhand Folgender Sprachen: Ukrainisch, Tschechisch, Deutsch Und Russisch)

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Ethnokulturelle Elemente in Der Phraseologie (Untersuchung Anhand Folgender Sprachen: Ukrainisch, Tschechisch, Deutsch Und Russisch) Ethnokulturelle Elemente in der Phraseologie (Untersuchung anhand folgender Sprachen: Ukrainisch, Tschechisch, Deutsch und Russisch) Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald vorgelegt von Yaroslava Tushych Greifswald, 22. Mai 2013 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Alexander Wöll Erstgutachter und Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Valerij M. Mokienko Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Brehmer Datum der Disputation: 05.02.2014 2 Danksagung Mehreren Personen möchte ich an dieser Stelle vom ganzen Herzen danken. Mein besonderer und herzlichster Dank gilt in erster Linie den Betreuern meiner Doktorarbeit Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Valerij M. Mokienko und Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Harry Walter, die mich durch kompetente fachliche Beratung unterstützten und geleitet haben. Ich bedanke mich bei Ihnen sowohl für die fundierte wissenschaftliche Betreuung als auch für die freundliche und wertvolle Unterstützung. Herrn Prof. Dr. Bernhard Brehmer danke ich aufrichtig für die Zweitbegutachtung. Zugleich möchte ich mich sehr bei meinem Lehrer an der Iwan-Franko-National-Universität Lemberg Herrn Univ.-Dozenten Dr. Ivan M. Tepljakov bedanken, der mein Interesse für die Phraseologie der tschechischen Sprache besonders für ihre kulturelle Seite geweckt hat. In tiefster Dankbarkeit möchte ich meine Eltern und meine Großeltern erwähnen, die in mir schon früh das Interesse für die Wissenschaft entdeckten und förderten. Sie haben mich ermutigt, die Promotion in Deutschland anzufangen und haben mich durch alle Phasen meiner Arbeit mit Geduld und Liebe begleitet. Für die wertvolle Hilfe bei der Korrektur möchte ich mich bei Frau Kristin J. Loos und Frau Anna Volivach sehr herzlich bedanken. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ................................................................................................................................6 1.1. Terminologische Probleme bei der Abgrenzung des Phraseologiebestandes .................9 1.2. Phraseologiebildung, Phraseologisierung, Phraseologische Derivation........................13 1.3. Konfrontative Phraseologie...........................................................................................14 1.4. Untersuchungsmethoden ...............................................................................................15 2. Phraseologie ..........................................................................................................................17 2.1. Phraseologie als eigenständige linguistische Disziplin, ihr Objekt und Gegenstandsbereich...................................................................................................................17 2.1.1. Unterschiede in den Klassifizierungen der phraseologischen Einheiten...............19 2.1.2. Kriterien zur Bestimmung des Phraseologiebestandes..........................................23 2.2. Diachrone Phraseologieforschung.................................................................................24 2.2.1. Methode der strukturell-semantischen Modelierung.............................................29 2.2.2. Besonderheiten und Methoden der diachronen Erforschung in der Phraseologie.32 2.2.3. Phrasembildungslehre............................................................................................37 3. Untersuchung der Phraseologie zweier oder mehrerer Sprachen..........................................43 3.1. Arbeiten zu konfrontativen Untersuchungen der deutschen und der ukrainischen Phraseologie ..............................................................................................................................43 3.2. Moderne Theorien der kognitiven Analyse. Die Sprache als Träger des kulturellen Gedächtnisses ............................................................................................................................46 3.2.1. Ethnolinguistik und Linguokulturologie ...............................................................49 3.3. Mechanismen der Kulturkonzeptualisierung in der Phraseologie.................................53 3.4. Ethnokulturelle Elemente in der ukrainischen, tschechischen und deutschen Phraseologie ..............................................................................................................................58 4. Problematik der Übersetzung von Phraseologismen.............................................................68 4.1. Probleme der „Übersetzbarkeit“ und „Nichtübersetzbarkeit“ in der Phraseologie .......69 4.2. Klassifikationsversuche der phraseologischen Äquivalenz...........................................70 4.2.1. Totale Äquivalenz..................................................................................................70 4.2.2. Partielle Äquivalenz ..............................................................................................72 5. Auffassung der Naturerscheinungen und ihre Repräsentation in der Phraseologie ..............74 5.1. Das Feuer.......................................................................................................................74 5.1.1. „Gebranntes Kind scheut das Feuer“.....................................................................81 5.1.2. „Založit si vlastní krb“, Feuerherd oder Nest? ......................................................86 5.1.3. Der Feuerherd und Hausgeister.............................................................................89 5.1.4. Der Ofen und die Geburt eines Kindes..................................................................97 5.1.5. Der Loki und der Svarožy č..................................................................................101 5.1.6. Die Sonne ............................................................................................................103 5.1.6.1. Die „göttlichen“ Symbole der Sonne...........................................................108 5.1.6.2. „Щире / золоте серце “...............................................................................113 5.1.6.3. Die rituellen Sonnensymbole.......................................................................121 5.2. Die Erde.......................................................................................................................130 5.2.1. Die Erde und die Begräbnissymbolik..................................................................140 5.2.2. Schicksal und Schicksalsfrauen...........................................................................152 5.3. Die Luft .......................................................................................................................174 5.3.1. Der Himmel.........................................................................................................179 5.3.2. Die Seele..............................................................................................................184 5.4. Das Wasser ..................................................................................................................192 5.4.1. Wo liegt „ острів буян “ und „ камінь алатир “? ..................................................207 5.4.2. „Fruchtbarer Regen“ und „Vogelmilch“ .............................................................212 4 6. Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................216 7. Anlage..................................................................................................................................223 7.1. Auswertung des phraseologischen Materials hinsichtlich seiner Äquivalenz.............223 7.1.1. Totale Äquivalenz in den Phraseologismen ........................................................223 7.1.2. Partielle Äquivalenz in den Phraseologismen .....................................................227 8. Literaturverzeichnis.............................................................................................................231 9. Abkürzungsverzeichnis .......................................................................................................266 5 1. Einleitung Jede Sprache wird durch die Mythologie, die Psychologie, das Brauchtum, die Lebensart, den Glauben, die nationale Kultur und die Mentalität eines bestimmten Volkes beeinflusst. Deshalb bildet das materielle und geistige Leben eines Volkes eine unerschöpfliche Quelle für die Phraseologie, in der sich die ethnokulturellen Besonderheiten des Sprachsystems präsentieren. Als ethnokulturell werden hier die nationalspezifischen Eigentümlichkeiten der Kultur eines bestimmten Volkes bezeichnet, die den ganzen Wissens- und Vorstellungskomplex, den diese Volksgemeinschaft über die Welt besitzt, darstellen [vgl. Жайворонок 2007, 8]. Äußerst gelungen bezeichnet V. M. Mokienko phraseologische Einheiten (weiter PhE) als «своеобразный « чёрный ящик » историко -культурной и языковой информации » 1 [Мокиенко nach MMSW 2004, 6], in der sich der Charakter und die Ideologie eines Volkes widerspiegeln, seine Vorstellungen und Erlebnisse. Diese Einheiten haben in der Sprachwissenschaft verschiedene Termini: N. I. Tolstoi nennt sie beispielsweise „sakrale volkstümliche Phraseologie“, V. M. Mokienko „Idiomatik, die kulturologische Relikte konserviert hat“, V. A. Maslova „Phraseologismen-Mythologeme“ und E. V. Brysina verwendet den Terminus „Ethnophraseme“. Bis zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts interessierten sich die Linguisten für die Sprache und ihre Struktur, so ist der heutige Gegenstand ihres Interesses die Verbindung
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