CHINESE CINEMA

Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies

Edited by Chris Berry

Volume I Chinese Cinema History

I~ ~?ro~J~~n~~~up

LONDON AND NEW YORK CONTENTS

VOLUME I CHINESE CINEMA HISTORY

Acknowledgements XVI Chronological table 0/reprinted artie/es and chapters xviii A note on romanization xxvi

General introduction

PART I Before 1949 21

1.1 Origins

Walking in and out ofthe spectacle: China's earliest film scene 23 LAIKWAN PANG 2 Teahouse, shadowplay, bricolage: Laborer's Love and the question ofearly Chinese cinema 41 ZHANG ZHEN

1.2 Before the war of resistance against Japan

3 Fallen women, rising stars, new horizons: Shanghai silent films as vernacular modernism 69 MIRIAM BRATU HANSEN 4 The textual and critical difference of being radical: reconstructing Chinese leftist films ofthe 1930s 86 NING MA

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1.3 Wartime cinema

5 In search of a 'cinematic Esperanto': exhibiting wartime Chongqing cinema in global context 98 WEIHONG BAO 6 Projecting ambivalence: Chinese cinema in semi-occupied Shanghai,1937-1941 113 PO-SHEK FU

PART 2 The People's Republic 139

2.1 The Mao era (1949-1976)

7 Yan'an and Shanghai 141 PAUL CLARK 8 A big dying vat: the vilifying of Shanghai during the Good Eighth Company campaign 175 YOMl BRAESTER 9 THiO Stage Sisters: the blossoming of a revolutionary aesthetic 206 GlNA MARCHETTI 10 Re-makes/re-models: The Red Detachment 01 Women between stage and screen 224 KRlSTINE HARRlS

2.2 Since 1976

11 The New Chinese Cinema: an introduction 242 TONY RAYNS 12 Huang Jianxin and the notion of postsocialism 277 PAUL G. PlCKOWlCZ 13 Rebel without a cause? China's new urban generation and postsocialist filmmaking 303 YlNGJIN ZHANG 14 Irrepressible images: new films in China from 1995 329 JlA ZHANGKE

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PART 3 Boog Koog and Taiwan 339

3.1 Hong Kong

15 Early Hong Kong cinema: the Shanghai hangover 341 STEPHEN TEO 16 The 1960s: modernity, youth culture, and Hong Kong Cantonese cinema 368 POSHEK FU 17 The new Hong Kong cinema and the deja disparu 384 ACKAR ABBAS

3.2 Taiwan

18 Historiography ofabsence: Taiwan cinema before New Cinema 1982 395 GUO-JUIN HONG 19 Towards the postmodern: Taiwanese New Cinema and alternative visions of nation 407 JUNE YIP 20 A Borrowed Life in Banana Paradise: de-Cold Warf decolonization, or modernity and its tears 431 KUAN-HSING CHEN

VOLUME 11 CHINESE FILM PRODUCTION AND RECEPTION

Acknow/edgements viii

PART 4 Production 1

4.1 Studio studies

21 Hong Kong and Singapore: a history of the Cathay cinema 3 POSHEK FU 22 Shaw cinema enterprise and understanding cultural industries 15 L1LY KONG

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23 Golden Harvest Films and the Hong Kong movie industry in the realm ofglobalization 41 STEVE FORE

4.2 Globalization

24 Hollywood takes charge in Taiwan 68 MICHAEL CURTIN 25 The wolf at the door: Hollywood and the film market in China from 1994-2000 87 ST ANLEY ROSEN 26 Re-nationalizing China's film industry: case study on the China Film Group and film marketization 114 EMILY YUEH-YU YEH AND DARRELL WILL/AM DAVIS

4.3 Film movements

27 The beginning ofthe Hong Kong New Wave: the interactive relationship between Hong Kong's television and the film industry 129 PAK-TONG CHEUK 28 Challenges and controversies ofthe Taiwan New Cinema 152 EMILIE YUEH-YU YEH AND DARRELL WILLIAM DAVIS 29 Rethinking China's New Documentary Movement: engagement with the social 183 LU XINYU

PART 5 Reception 215

5.1 Censorship outside the People's Republic

30 Constructing a new national culture: film censorship and the issues ofCantonese dialect, superstition, and sex in the Nanjing decade 217 ZHIWEI XIAO 31 Inhibition vs. exhibition: political censorship ofChinese and foreign cinemas in postwar Hong Kong 238 KENNY K.K. NG

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5.2 Foreign films/Chinese audiences

32 Internationalism and cultural experience: Soviet films and popular Chinese understandings ofthe future in the 1950s 252 TINA MAI CHEN

33 The question oftranslation in Taiwanese colonial cinematic space 277 KUEI-FEN CHlU

5.3 Chinese films in the USA

34 The Kung Fu craze: Hong Kong cinema's first American reception 296 DA VID DESSER 35 Wong Fei-hung in Da House: Hong Kong martial-arts films and hip-hop culture 319 FRANCES GATEWARD 36 Cities, cultures and cassettes: Hong Kong cinema and transnational audiences 335 CINDY HING-YUK WONG

5.4 Contemporary audiences in the People's Republic

37 Film clubs in Beijing: the cultural consumption of Chinese independent films 358 SEIO NAKAJIMA 38 Zhang Ziyi and China's celebrity-philanthropy scandals 383 ELAINE JEFFREYS

VOLUME HI GENRE AND GENDER IN THE CHINESE CINEMA

Acknowledgements viii

PART 6 Genre 1

6.1 Martial arts films

39 The rise of Kung Fu, from Wong Fei-hong to Bruce Lee 3 STEPHEN TEO

xi CONTENTS

40 Riehness through imperfeetion: King Hu and the glimpse 32 DA VID BORDWELL 41 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, bouneing angels: Hollywood, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and transnational einema 46 SHELDON H. LU

6.2 Opera films

42 Shadow opera: towards a new arehaeology of the Chinese einema 58 MARY FARQUHAR AND CHRIS BERRY

43 Meeting of the eyes: invented gesture, einematie ehoreography, and Mei Lanfang's Kun opera film 78 XINYU DONG

6.3 Minority nationalities and minority nationality films

44 Tian Zhuangzhuang, the Fifth Generation, and minorities films in China 93 DRU GLADNEY 45 Is China the end of hermeneuties? Or, politieal and eultural usage of non-Han women in mainland Chinese films 106 ESTHER C.M. YAU

6.4 Global genres/Chinese einema

46 Wedding Banquet: a family (melodrama) affair 124 CHRIS BERRY 47 Besides fists and blood: Hong Kong Comedy and its master of the eighties 135 JENNY KWOK WAH LAU 48 Preposterous Hong Kong horror: Rouge's (be)hindsight and A (sodomitieal) Chinese Ghost Story 152 AUDREY YUE 49 Centre Stage: reeonstructing the bio-pie 163 JULIAN STRINGER

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PART 7 Gender and sexuality 177

7.1 Women and women's films in the People's Republic

50 'Human, woman, demon': a woman's prediczment 179 JlNHUA DAI 51 The 'hidden' gender in Yellow Earth 195 MARY ANN FARQUHAR

7.2 Men and masculinity in Hong Kong

52 Masculinity in crisis: films of Milkyway Image and post-1997 Hong Kong cinema 207 LAIKWAN PANG 53 'Your tender smiles give me strength': paradigms of masculinity in John Woo's A Better Tomorrow and The Killer 225 JULiAN STRINGER

7.3 Queer

54 Staging gay life in China: Zhang Yuan and East Pa/ace, West Pa/ace 242 CHRIS BERRY 55 Queering masculinity in Hong Kong movies 254 TRAVIS S.K. KONG 56 Confessing desire: the poetics ofTsai Ming-Iiang's queer cinema 278 SONG HWEE UM 57 Critical presentism: new Chinese lesbian cinema 305 FRAN MARTIN 58 The cross-gender performances ofYam Kim-Fei,or the queer factor in postwar Hong Kong Cantonese opera/opera films 332 SEE KAM TAN

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VOLUME IV CHINESE FILM DlRECTORS AND THEIR FILMS

Acknowledgemenls viii

PARTS Film directors 1

8.1 Fruit Chan

59 Fantasies of 'Chinese-ness' and the traffk in women from mainland China to Hong Kong in Fruit Chan's Durian Durian 3 PHENG CHEAH 60 The city that haunts: the uncanny in Fruit Chan's Made in Hong Kong 17 ESTHER M.K. CHEUNG

8.2 Hou Hsiao-hsien

61 Hou Hsiao-hsien's Puppetmaster: the poetics oflandscape 30 NICK BROWNE

62 'This Time He Moves': the deeper significance of Hou Hsiao-hsien's radical break in Good Men, Good Women 39 JAMES UDDEN

8.3 Ann Hui

63 Crossing borders: time, memory, and the construction of identity in Song 0/the Exile 55 PATRICIA BRETT ERENS

8.4 Jia Zhangke

64 The independent cinema ofJia Zhangke: from postsocialist realism to a transnational aesthetic 70 JASON MCGRATH

8.5 Eric Khoo

65 Global modernity, postmodern Singapore, and the cinema of Eric Khoo 95 GINA MARCHETTI

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8.6 Stanley Kwan

66 Centre Stage: a shadow in reverse 125 BERENICE REYNAUD 67 The queer space ofChina: expressive desire in Stanley Kwan's Lan Yu 136 DAVID L. ENG

8.7 Ang Lee

68 Ang Lee's Lust, Caution and its reception 156 LEO OU-FAN LEE

8.8 Ning Ying

69 Ning Ying's Beijing trilogy: cinematic configuration ofage, class, and sexuality 170 SHUQIN CUI

8.9 Johnnie To

70 The uneven auteur 188 STEPHEN TEO

8.10 Wong Kar-wai

71 The erotics ofdisappointment 216 ACKBAR ABBAS

8.11 Edward Yang

72 Remapping Taipei 233 FREDRIC JAMESON

8.12 Zhang Yimou

73 The force ofsurfaces: defiance in Zhang Yimou's films 266 REY CHOW 74 Zhang Yimou's Hero and the temptations offascism 296 EVANS CHAN

Index 317

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