Anatomy and Developmental Biology

MONASH MEDICINE, NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCES

ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

2022 HONOURS PROGRAM

2022 Honours Program in Anatomy & Developmental Biology The Honours programs in Anatomy and Developmental Biology is an excellent opportunity for students to undertake research in one of the Department’s key research areas. By enrolling in Honours students will increase employment opportunities, develop research skills and critical thinking, learn to work collaboratively in a team and will develop new discoveries in biomedical science.

STRUCTURE OF HONOURS COURSE The course is divided into two units 1. BMH4100 = 75% of overall course mark 2. BMH4200 = 25% of overall course mark

BMH4100 – Biomedicine research project Synopsis Students will undertake a supervised research project of a publishable standard. Students will research literature relevant to their topic, carry out a research project and present the results of their study in both written and oral form.

Outcomes On completion of this unit, students will be able to: 1. Critically review the scientific literature that underpins the area of the research project; 2. Undertake a supervised research project and contribute to project design and management; 3. Apply appropriate laboratory techniques, research methodologies and data analysis methods to collect, interpret and report research findings; 4. Effectively present research and findings orally showing a firm grasp of the area; 5. Analyse research undertaken in the context of the discipline area and report findings in an extended written report.

BMH4200 – Advanced studies in biomedicine Synopsis Students will develop analytic abilities and critical thinking skills in specific areas of Biomedical Science. Each module within the unit BMH4200 will include common coursework activities and a common assessment regime.

Outcomes On completion of this unit, students will be able to: 1. Critically review scientific literature in the discipline area of research; 2. Apply knowledge of current methodologies and concepts to appraise scientific literature in the discipline area; 3. Apply analytical and data analysis techniques relevant to the discipline area of research; 4. Effectively communicate concepts in the discipline area of research both in writing and orally. 1

Course Components-BMS Students BMH4100 (75%) - Biomedicine research project Components Assessment (%) Literature Review & Project 10 Outline Seminar 1 Pass/Fail Thesis 80 Seminar 2 10 Thesis Review *Contributes to thesis mark Total 100

BMH4200 (25%) - Biomedicine research project Components Assessment (%) Written Critical Review Exam 30 Journal Club presentation 20 Biostatistics Module 30 2000 Word Essay 20 Total 100

Course Components-Science Students BMH4100 (75%) - Biomedicine research project Components Assessment (%) Literature Review & Project 10 Outline Seminar 1 5 Thesis 80 Seminar 2 5 Thesis Review *Contributes to thesis mark Total 100

BMH4200 (25%) - Biomedicine research project Components Assessment (%) Written Critical Review Exam 30 Journal Club presentation 30 Biostatistics Module 40 Total 100

How do I apply? There is a 3-Step application process for Anatomy and Developmental Biology entry: 1. Discuss the projects of interest with the potential supervisors by appointment. 2. Submission of a project application signed by the supervisors to Dr Olga Panagiotopoulou ([email protected]) 3. Formal application to the faculty. The application form can be downloaded from the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute website: https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/honours/so-how-do-i-apply

If you have a query regarding eligibility, please submit an enquiry online via ask.monash or call 1800 MONASH (1800 666 274).

Entry Criteria Bachelor of Science (Honours) Bachelor of Science students wishing to undertake an Honours degree in the School of Biomedical Science (SOBS) have increased flexibility to complete an Honours degree in the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology. Any major in the School of Biomedical Science will allow students to undertake an Honours degree within the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology.

A distinction grade average (70%) in 24 points of relevant 3rd year units, of which normally 18 points are developmental biology or biochemistry, human pathology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units. In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the Honours Convenor.

Bachelor of Biomedical Science (Honours) An average of 70% or higher in at least 24 points at 3rd year (including 12 points in Biomedical Science core units).

The closing date for Bachelor of Biomedical Science and the Faculty of Science applications is usually mid-November.

Key research areas The Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology at Monash University is very active in a variety of research areas. It boasts several of the world’s leading research scientists in the field of Developmental biology and Anatomy.

Major areas of research include:

◼ Blood cell homeostasis: cell death and disease- Prof Benjamin Kile lab (Dr Dominic De Nardo) ◼ Bone biomechanics, implant design, oral and maxillofacial trauma (Dr Olga Panagiotopoulou) ◼ Brain development, neuroplasticity and stem cells (Prof Roger Pocock) ◼ Cellular physiology (Dr Senthil Arumugam) ◼ Comparative development and evo-devo (A/Prof Craig Smith) ◼ Developmental neuroscience and multiple sclerosis (Dr David Gonsalvez) ◼ Development and disease (Dr Alex Combes) ◼ Education Research (A/Prof Michelle Lazarus) ◼ Epithelial regeneration (Prof Helen Abud) ◼ Epigenetics and Reprogramming (Prof José Polo) ◼ Gene Regulation (Dr Partha Das) ◼ Integrated morphology and palaeontology (A/Prof Justin Adams) ◼ Kidney development and disease (Prof Ian Smyth) ◼ Kidney development, programming and disease (Prof John Bertram) ◼ Morphology, Ontogeny and Evolution (Dr Jason Massey) ◼ Nervous system development (Dr Brent Neumann) ◼ Neurogenesis and neuroregeneration (Prof Zhi-Cheng Xiao) ◼ Oocyte and embryo development (Prof John Carroll) ◼ Ovarian biology (A/Prof Karla Hutt) ◼ Organogenesis and cancer (Prof Kieran Harvey) ◼ Palaeodiet research (A/Prof Luca Fiorenza) ◼ Prostate Cancer Research (Prof Gail Risbridger) ◼ Prostate Cancer Research (Dr Luc Furic) ◼ Sensory perception and ageing (Dr Jie Liu) ◼ Stem Cells and Translational Immunology (A/Prof Tracy Heng) ◼ 3D Cancer Model Lab (A/Prof Daniela Loessner)

CONTACTS IN THE DEPARTMENT

Dr Olga Panagiotopoulou Principal Honours Convenor Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology 10 Chancellors Walk (13C Building), Level 1, Room C149 Tel: 9905 0262 Email: [email protected]

Associate Professor Craig Smith Honours Co-Convenor Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Building 76, Level 3, Room 355 Tel: 9905 0203 Email: [email protected]

Associate Professor Tracy Heng Honours Co-Convenor Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Building 75, Level 3, Room 314 Tel: 9905 0629 Email: [email protected]

MONASH BIOMEDICINE DISCOVERY INSTITUTE School of Biomedical Sciences

ABOUT THE MONASH BIOMEDICINE DISCOVERY INSTITUTE (encompassing the School of Biomedical Sciences)

WHO WE ARE • An institute with the scale and scope to tackle major research questions • 120+ internationally-renowned research teams committed to addressing global health priorities

WHAT WE DO • Discovery research to accelerate our ability to prevent, diagnose and treat disease • Innovate through national and international collaborations and partnerships with researchers, health precincts and industry

MONASH BIOMEDICINE DISCOVERY INSTITUTE School of Biomedical Sciences

With more than 120 internationally-renowned research teams, the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) is one of the largest and highest-quality biomedical research institutes in Australia. Monash BDI works with national and international collaborators on global health priority areas, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, development and stem cells, infection and immunity, metabolism, diabetes and obesity, and neuroscience.

Our discoveries accelerate the ability to prevent, diagnose and treat disease by leveraging our strong partnerships with researchers, health precincts and industry, together with our access to unparalleled, world-leading research infrastructure.

The Monash BDI encompasses the School of Biomedical Sciences, and is part of Monash’s Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. The School of Biomedical Sciences delivers biomedical sciences education to more than 2,000 undergraduate students and 300 postgraduate students.

Based at Monash’s Clayton campus, the Monash BDI is structured to include six health- focused discovery programs and five discipline-specific departments. This allows for the cross- pollination of ideas needed to tackle the big questions in biomedical research − it is at the intersection of these global health issues that truly innovative discoveries will be made.

DISCOVERY PROGRAMS RESEARCH | EDUCATION | ENGAGEMENT • Cancer

• Cardiovascular Disease

• Development & Stem Cells

• Infection & Immunity

• Metabolism, Diabetes & Obesity

• Neuroscience

DEPARTMENTS • Anatomy & Developmental Biology • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology • Microbiology • Pharmacology • Physiology

CENTRES • Centre for Human Anatomy Education

BDI PROGRAM: CANCER

Prostate Cancer Research Group

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/prostate-cancer-research-group

Project Title Identifying new treatments for drug-resistant cancer Main Supervisor Prof Gail Risbridger [email protected] 9902 9558

Other Supervisors Dr Mitchell Lawrence, A/Prof Renea Taylor Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: Over the last decade, new treatments have extended the survival of men with advanced prostate cancer. Unfortunately, patients eventually develop resistance to all current treatments. Therefore, effective new therapies are needed for drug-resistant cancers.

Our group is tackling this challenge in a new way - by growing tumours from different patients in the lab. Using this novel technique, we can compare how tumours respond to novel treatments. Our results are already showing that some tumours are more sensitive than others to specific treatments. These exciting results are helping us prioritise drugs for further clinical validation.

Project aim: In this project, we will test the response of different patients’ tumours Patient prostate cancer cells to novel drugs targeting the epigenome and DNA damage repair. stained in pink before drug Subsequently, we will identify molecular features that distinguish treatment (top) and after between sensitive and resistant tumours. These important results will drug treatment (bottom). provide new insight into better treatments for tumours that have failed Below, prostate cancer current therapies. organoids before treatment

Techniques to be used: This project will use techniques a range of techniques including organoid cell culture, patient-derived xenografts, immunohistochemistry and pathology.

Prostate Cancer Research Group

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/prostate-cancer-research-group Project Title Investigating the progression of neuroendocrine prostate cancer Main Supervisors Prof Gail Risbridger [email protected] 9902 9558

Other Supervisors Dr Roxanne Toivanen

Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of Project

Background: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Victoria. As most prostate tumours rely on androgen hormones for growth, the most common therapies for metastatic prostate cancer are drugs which inhibit androgen signalling. However, some patients develop neuroendocrine prostate tumours, which are highly aggressive and resistant to androgen inhibitors. Currently, there is limited understanding of how neuroendocrine tumours emerge in patients, and Immunohistochemistry of a therapeutic options are limited. xenograft of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Our laboratory has successfully developed a model where patient samples of neuroendocrine prostate cancer can be grown and studied in the laboratory. These samples represent an invaluable resource for studying the biology of these tumours and testing novel therapeutics.

Project Aims: The goal of this project is to use patient-derived models, including xenografts and organoids, of neuroendocrine prostate cancer to study disease progression and test effective therapeutic strategies.

Techniques: The project will involve a variety of techniques including working with human tumours, tissue culture of organoids and Prostate cancer organoids immunohistochemistry. before (top) and after (bottom) drug treatment

Prostate Cancer Research Group

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/prostate-cancer-research-group Project Title Treating prostate cancer with high dose testosterone Main Supervisor Dr Mitchell [email protected] 9902 Lawrence 9558 Other Supervisors Prof Gail [email protected] 9902 Risbridger 9558 Other Supervisors Location 19 Innovation Walk, Monash Clayton Campus Outline of project

Background: Patients with aggressive prostate cancer usually receive drugs that block hormones. The first clinical trial of this treatment was in 1941. Despite 80 years of progress, and potent new drugs, these treatments are only temporarily effective. Patients inevitably develop drug-resistant tumours that are even more aggressive. The current drugs can also be expensive and produce side-effects that reduce quality of life.

Project aim: To address these challenges, our goal is to develop a safe, effective and inexpensive new treatment for prostate cancer known as “Bipolar Androgen Therapy” (BAT). BAT differs from current treatments because it overstimulates hormone activity rather than blocking it. Clinical trials of BAT in Australia and the United States are producing promising results.

Techniques to be used: Our plan is to use BAT as the backbone of new combination treatments – combining it with other drugs to control prostate cancer cells for longer.

This raises the question: what is the best drug to combine with BAT? To resolve this question, this project will use organoids to screen different combination treatments. The techniques will involve 3D cell culture, microscopy, histology, and quantitative PCR.

(Phase microscope images of different organoid models of prostate cancer)

BDI PROGRAM: NEUROSCIENCE

Sensory Perception and Ageing Lab

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/liu-lab

Project Title Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis Main Supervisor Jie Liu [email protected] 99050622 Other Supervisors Other Supervisors Location 3rd floor, Building 75, 15 Innovation Walk Outline of project

Background: Calcium ions (Ca2+) are one of the most critical signalling molecules which play an important role in many physiological processes, prominently including muscle contraction, neuronal excitation and cellular metabolism, therefore, Intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation is a major cause of many diseases. Mitochondria, an intracellular Ca2+ store, directly regulates cellular Ca2+ dynamics. Balancing the mitochondrial Ca2+ depends on the specific ion channel on mitochondrial membrane. In past decade, most of the molecular machineries modulated mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis have been identified. Ca2+ influx into mitochondria is mediated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, which resides on inner membrane to guarantee Ca2+ uptake upon cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase. So far, it is widely believed that MCU complex is the main route for Ca2+ flux into mitochondria. However, in our preliminary study we found that an undefined MCU-independent transporter might also contribute to the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in C. elegans.

Project aim/s: In this project, a typical ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) screen will be conducted to identify the potential mitochondrial calcium transporter. B KCl (70 mM ) This project aims to understand the mechanisms 2+ of mitochondrial Ca regulation, which Fo F/ provides the potential pharmacological targets Δ of mitochondrial Ca2+ machineries for the treatment of related diseases in humans

Techniques to be utilised: KCl depolarization produced an increase in We will investigate the regulatory mechanism mitochondrial calcium response in C. elegans through a multidisciplinary approach which body wall muscle cells. combines calcium imaging, patch-clamp, genetic manipulation and behavioural analysis with biochemical methods.

BDI PROGRAM: DEVELOPMENT & STEM CELLS

Epithelial Regeneration Laboratory

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/abud-lab

Project Title Expression profile and impact of EGF ligands on intestinal stem cells Main Supervisor Thierry Jarde [email protected] 99029208 Other Supervisors Helen Abud [email protected] 99029113 Other Supervisors Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: Intestinal stem cells are regulated by essential cellular pathways, including EGF signalling, that drive stem cell maintenance and proliferation. The EGF signalling pathway is activated locally by one of the eleven EGF family of ligands produced by supporting niche cells. Interestingly, a complete understanding of cellular sources and impact of individual EGF ligands on gastrointestinal stem cells is currently missing.

Project Aim: This project aims to understand the function of the EGF family of ligands in the human and murine gastrointestinal tract.

Techniques: This project will involve characterising the expression profile of EGF family of ligands in the human and murine gastrointestinal tract using single cell RNA sequencing datasets and immunofluorescence. The function of identified ligands will be investigated using human and mouse organoids and in vivo models.

Epithelial Regeneration Laboratory

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/abud-lab

Project Title Expression profile and impact of EGF ligands on intestinal stem cells Main Supervisor Dr Rebekah [email protected] 99029196 Engel Other Supervisors Dr Christine [email protected] 95083547 Koulis Other Supervisors Prof Helen Abud [email protected] Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer- related deaths worldwide. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer often experience different clinical outcomes and drug responses, even when controlled for similar pre-operative features, tumour stage and pathological characteristics.

Project Aim: This project aims to determine predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer through the use of tissue microarrays and organoid technology. Specifically, we will identify biomarkers including molecular subtypes that distinguish between sensitive and resistant tumours. These important results will provide new insights into personalised cancer treatments.

Techniques: This project will involve a range of techniques including working with human colorectal tumours, tissue microarray construction, patient-derived organoid cell culture, drug sensitivity assays, immunohistochemistry and pathology.

Egg and Embryo Development Group

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/carroll-lab

Project Title Investigation of mRNA levels in aging oocytes Main Supervisor John Carroll [email protected] 99024381 Other Supervisors Wai Shan Yuen [email protected] 99020390 Other Supervisors Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: Reproduction success is highly dependent upon the age at which women attempt to conceive, which is progressively increasing worldwide. This age-dependent decrease in fertility is associated with an increase in the incidence of miscarriage and the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities. In IVF, maternal age is among the strongest predictors of success. Together with social trends that see the age of first pregnancy between 1991 and 2011 increase by 35% in the 35-39 year-old age bracket and by over 70% in the 40-45 year old age group, point to a major medical problem that affects a significant proportion of the population. We previously performed single oocyte mRNA sequencing in mice eggs and found that the biggest difference is the diminished presence of mRNA levels in old oocytes (Top Figure). In addition we found that the mRNA profile of oocytes from young and old mice presented either into an “Aged” or a “Young” state (Bottom figure). CL0“Young” ‘

Project Aim: The goal of this project is to validate our single oocyte mRNA sequencing by determining the protein levels of key age-related genes, and to assess their contribution to the ageing process in oocytes. “Aged”

Techniques: The project will involve a variety of techniques including mouse egg collection and culture, in vitro fertilisation, embryo development, live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence.

Egg and Embryo Development Group

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/carroll-lab

Project Title Molecular mechanisms behind cortical polarity in eggs Main Supervisor John Carroll [email protected] 99024381 Other Supervisors Wai Shan Yuen [email protected] 99020390 Other Supervisors Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: Asymmetric cell division underlies essential developmental processes in all eukaryotes. An extreme form of this occurs during the meiotic divisions of the oocyte. The mammalian oocyte undergoes two consecutive cell divisions to form a haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. These extremely asymmetric divisions allow the oocyte to retain cytoplasmic components essential for fertilisation and early embryo development. In mammalian oocytes, asymmetry is coupled to the migration of the centrally placed meiosis I spindle along its long axis towards the nearest cortex. A critical event required for asymmetric division in the oocyte is the establishment of cortical polarity. Cortical polarisation results in formation of an F-actin domain near the spindle during late metaphase I and in metaphase II arrested oocytes. The differentiation of the polar cortex in metaphase of both meiotic divisions contrasts with mitotic cell divisions where the recruitment and activation of Rho and associated actin polymerisation only occurs after anaphase when the central spindle forms. In our previous study, we determined that polo- kinase 1 (Plk1) is essential for establishing cortical polarity in meiosis I but not in maintaining it during meiosis II.

Project Aim: Fig 1 – Plk1’s unique This goal of this project is to determine the molecular mechanism behind localisation during the Plk1-mediated polarity pathway. Candidate genes which are involved in meiosis I this are hypothesised to be Ran-GTP, RanBP1.

Techniques: The project will use a variety of techniques such as mouse egg collection and culture, live-cell imaging, microinjection of fluorescently-labelled probes, and immunofluorescence.

Fig 2 – Plk1 inhibition abolishes cortical polarity through actin pathway

Egg and Embryo Development Group

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/carroll-lab

Project Title Molecular mechanisms behind cortical polarity in eggs Main Supervisor John Carroll [email protected] 99024381 Other Supervisors Deepak Adhikari [email protected] 99020120 Other Supervisors Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: Our research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of oocyte development, maturation and fertilization in mammals. Early embryo development in mammals is driven and underpinned by a healthy fertile oocyte. How the oocyte acquires this developmental potential is not understood and problems in oocyte quality are largely responsible for the high rates of infertility and miscarriage in the population.

Project Aim: In this project, we will examine how mitochondria are formed during oocyte development and how mitochondrial quantity and quality impact the quality of oocyte. We will eventually identify the pathways that might be impacted by mitochondrial dysfunctions. These important findings will provide insights into potential ways of improving egg quality and fertility outcome.

Techniques: This project will use a range of techniques including in vitro oocyte and embryo culture, live cell imaging, immunofluorescence and molecular biology techniques.

Stem Cell Models Progenitor regulation

Combes Lab https://www.monash.edu/discovery -institute/combes-lab

Project Title Stem Cell Models of Kidney Disease Main Supervisor Alex Combes [email protected] 99056219 Other Supervisors Other Supervisors Ana Núñez Nescolarde, Rachel Lam Location 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus Outline of project

Background: Kidney organoids are miniature human tissues produced from stem cells in culture. Kidney organoids are amenable to high throughput screening and have shown promise as a model of genetic kidney disease. However, it is unclear whether organoids can be used to model more complex and common aspects of chronic kidney disease, which affects 10% of the global population.

Project Aim: This project aims to broaden the impact of organoid technology on kidney disease by testing how human kidney organoids respond to factors known to initiate kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in humans and animal models.

Techniques: Developing stem cell models of chronic kidney disease will involve the culture and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to generate kidney organoids. Organoids will be challenged with environmental, metabolic, and signalling factors in vitro and assessed by gene expression profiling, histology and confocal microscopy. An optional bioinformatics component is available for this project.

Stem Cell Models Progenitor regulation

Combes Lab https://www.monash.edu/discovery -institute/combes-lab

Project Title Nephron Progenitor regulation in Kidney Development and Disease Main Supervisor Alex Combes [email protected] 99056219 Other Supervisors Other Supervisors Location 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus Outline of project Background: Kidney development is controlled to a large extent by the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of a multipotent nephron progenitor (NP) population. Self-renewing NP cells produce factors that drive kidney growth, while differentiating NP cells build the filtration capacity of the organ by forming nephrons. As such, knowledge of NP regulation has a major bearing on both chronic kidney disease and the production of nephrons in culture.

Project Aims: This project aims to identify novel mechanisms of nephron progenitor regulation and dynamics in knockout mouse models. These efforts may lead to fundamental advances in progenitor cell biology and practical outcomes including improved production of nephrons for disease modelling and drug screening applications.

Techniques: This project has scope to cater for students wanting to develop laboratory and/or bioinformatics skills. Laboratory techniques will include dissection and culture of mouse embryonic kidneys, histology, immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, gene expression profiling. Bioinformatic techniques will include analysis of single cell gene expression profiling data (no prior coding experience necessary).

POCOCK GROUP

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/pocock-lab Project Title Neuronal Regulation of Mitochondrial Health. Main Supervisor Prof. Roger [email protected] 99050658 Pocock Other Supervisors Rebecca Cornell Other Supervisors Location 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus Outline of project

Background: Mitochondrial damage is a hallmark of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cells combat mitochondrial damage by triggering protective stress responses to prevent a breakdown in metabolic homeostasis. Recent evidence demonstrate that the nervous system can regulate stress responses in distal tissues.

In unpublished work, we discovered that neuropeptide signalling from two sensory neurons regulate the mitochondrial stress response in distal fat storage cells. This project will use state-of-the-art genetic and imaging tools dissect how the brain controls mitochondrial stress.

Project Aims: In this project, we will identify molecular mechanisms through which the brain controls mitochondrial stress responses in distal tissues. Based on our preliminary data we believe that we have discovered a new means of controlling systemic mitochondrial stress, which may be useful in therapies for multiple diseases.

Techniques to be utilised: This project will utilise techniques in genetics, in vivo neurodevelopmental dissection, molecular biology (CRISPR), biochemistry, microscopy.

Animal transgenically expressing green fluorescent protein to enable visualisation of mitochondrial stress.

Brain Development, Neuroplasticity and Stem Cells Laboratory

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/pocock-lab Project Title Transcriptional control of stem cell development Main Supervisor Prof. Roger [email protected] Pocock Other Supervisors Dr Wei Cao Other Supervisors Location 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus Outline of project

Background: Stem cells have great potential for regenerative studies and disease therapeutics. However, we do not fully understand how stem cells develop in vivo, limiting their therapeutic potential. To study stem cell development in vivo, the well-defined Caenorhabditis elegans stem cell niche has proven an excellent model. Using RNA sequencing and gene knockout studies we have identified multiple transcription factors that are important for stem cell development. This project will use state-of-the-art techniques to dissect the mechanistic functions of these transcription factors in stem cells.

Project Aims: In this project, we will decipher the function of conserved transcription factors in C. elegans stem cell development. We believe that this work will identify novel mechanisms through which stem cells may be manipulated.

Techniques to be utilised: This project will utilise techniques in genetics, in vivo stem cell analysis, confocal microscopy, biochemistry and CRISPR-Cas9.

Image of the Caenorhabditis elegans germline highlighting germ cell nuclei (red) and cell membranes (green).

Brain Development, Neuroplasticity and Stem Cells Laboratory

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/pocock-lab Project Title How do you make a brain? Main Supervisor Prof. Roger [email protected] Pocock Other Supervisors Dr Pedro Moreira Other Supervisors Location 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus Outline of project

Background: Neurons in the human brain communicate with each other through ~850,000 kilometres of cables. These cables are called axons, and they are guided to their correct positions during development by an array of cell-surface and secreted molecules. How the expression of these axon guidance molecules is regulated during brain development is a fundamental knowledge gap. We have identified a transcription factor controls that controls axon guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Project Aims: In this project, we will identify how the transcription factor controls gene expression to regulate axon guidance of specific neurons. Based on our preliminary data we believe that we have discovered a new means of controlling brain development, which may be useful in therapies for brain disorders.

Techniques to be utilised: This project will utilise techniques in genetics, in vivo neurodevelopmental dissection, molecular biology (CRISPR), biochemistry, microscopy.

Animal transgenically expressing fluorescent proteins to enable visualisation of the nervous system.

Stem Cells and Translational Immunology (Heng Lab)

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/heng-lab/home Project Title Mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell therapy Main Supervisor A/Prof Tracy [email protected] 99050629 Heng Other Supervisors

Location Level 3, 15 Innovation Walk Outline of project

Background: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are fibroblastic precursor cells that have the stem cell- like ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. MSCs are endowed with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, and are being used in over 500 clinical trials to treat various inflammatory conditions. However, MSCs undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) shortly after infusion and it remains unclear how these short-lived cells mediate their therapeutic effects.

Live MSCs secrete immunosuppressive molecules while infused MSCs undergo apoptosis in the lung, triggering an anti-inflammatory immune response.

Project aim/s: This project aims to elucidate how the innate and adaptive immune responses to apoptotic MSCs impact therapeutic efficacy. The findings will have broad implications for the future development of MSC-based therapies.

Techniques to be utilised: This project will utilise techniques applicable to both immunology and stem cell research, including stem and stromal cell isolation, tissue culture, flow cytometry, qPCR, bioluminescence imaging and mouse disease models.

Kidney Development and Disease (Smyth Lab)

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/smyth-lab Project Title Characterising novel genes which cause congenital kidney disease Main Supervisor Ian SMYTH [email protected] 99029119 Location 19 Innovation Walk

Background: Our group is involved in an Australia-wide program (www.kidgen.org.au) which aims to identify novel causative genes in patients with kidney disease. Individuals with inherited kidney disease who do not have mutations in known genes will have their genomes sequenced to identify novel genetic causes for their conditions.

Project Aim/s: We use CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering approaches to model disease causing mutations in mice. Using these models, honours students will have a unique opportunity to establish how novel disease genes function in the kidney, how their protein products regulate cell biology and how their mutation leads to congenital renal malformations.

Techniques: This project will utilise CRISPR/Cas9 approaches to introduce changes in mice which we will then study using histology, OPT imaging, immunostaining and RNA sequencing. Causative genes will be studied in vitro using tissue culture and various biochemical approaches will be employed to best understand gene and protein function.

Kidney Development and Disease (Smyth Lab)

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/smyth-lab Project Title Understanding the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease Main Supervisor Ian SMYTH [email protected] 99029119 Location 19 Innovation Walk

Background: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common potentially lethal Mendelian disease, affecting around 1/1000 people. It arises when cells of the kidney tubules over-proliferate, forming cysts which gradually expand and ablate normal kidney tissue. We have shown that the Aurora A Kinase is a central regulator of the development of cystic disease in a number of in vivo models of PKD.

Project Aim/s: In this project we will examine a number of different mechanisms by which Aurka might be regulating the growth of renal cysts to better understand the how the protein functions, and to investigate it as a possible therapeutic target for treating the disease.

Techniques: This project will examine mouse and cellular models of PKD and the biochemical functions of AURKA. It will utilise a broad range of techniques to do so including histology, immunohistochemistry and transcriptional profiling. Specific cell signalling pathways will be studied in vitro using tissue culture and various biochemical approaches to best understand gene and protein function.

Harvey Laboratory

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/harvey-lab/home Project Title Watching the Hippo pathway in real time in growing organs Main Supervisor Kieran Harvey [email protected] Other Supervisors Samuel Manning [email protected] Other Supervisors Benjamin Kroeger [email protected] Location Anatomy and Developmental Biology Department Outline of project

Background A new frontier in biomedical research will involve watching individual proteins work in real time, in living organs. Traditionally, researchers have drawn conclusions about gene function using indirect techniques that only allow us to infer what a gene normally does, without actually watching it work. For example, we create organisms that lack a particular gene and determine whether something goes wrong. If the loss of gene X causes organs to overgrow then we assume that gene X normally limits organ size. This has been an extraordinarily powerful approach for interrogating gene function but it cannot substitute the ability to watch gene products executing their function in real time, which allows determination of exactly when, where and how they work.

Project aim/s We will investigate the role of the Hippo tumour suppressor pathway in organ growth by watching, for the first time, its activity, in growing organs, in real time. This will provide novel insights into normal organ growth and pathogenic organ growth in diseases such as cancer.

We aim to observe Hippo pathway activity in real time in the following situations: a) When organs are actively growing b) When organs stop growing c) In regions of organs that are subject to mechanical compression d) Throughout the cell cycle

Techniques You will be taught an array of techniques including ex vivo organ culture, live multi-photon microscopy, image analysis and Drosophila genetics.

Comparative Development and Evo-Devo Laboratory https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/smith-lab Project Title Role of Pax2 in chicken embryonic gonadal development Main Supervisor A/Prof Craig [email protected] 9905 0203 Smith Other Supervisors Dr. Andrew [email protected] Major

Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background Embryonic gonads are unique because they have a developmental choice: testis or ovary formation. Our lab studies how this choice is executed at the molecular genetic level. We recently identified novel expression of the Pax2 transcription factor gene in the embryonic chicken gonad (see image below; pink immunofluorescence).

Project aim/s This project will explore the role of Pax2 in the gonad, using gene over-expression and knockdown approaches.

Techniques Methods used will centre around experimental developmental biology; PCR, RT-PCR, gene cloning, in situ hybridisation, immunofluorescence and organ culture.

Kidney Development, Programming and Disease Research Laboratory

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/bertram-lab Project Title Maternal nutrition and offspring kidney development

Main Supervisor Dr Luise Cullen- luise.cullen- 99029106 McEwen [email protected] Other Supervisors Prof John Bertram [email protected] 99029101

Location Clayton Campus, 19 Innovation Walk, Level 3 Outline of project

Background: The intrauterine environment is critical for fetal growth and organ development. Kidney development is especially vulnerable to a suboptimal maternal environment, with long-term adverse consequences for kidney and cardiovascular health. We have recently shown that a simple modification of the maternal diet can boost, and even rescue, nephron endowment in offspring destined to develop kidneys with a low nephron endowment. Just how this diet achieves these clinically-relevant outcomes is unclear.

Project aim: In this project, you will investigate how the maternal diet can boost and rescue nephron endowment.

Techniques: Mouse embryonic and neonatal dissection, immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescent labelling techniques, confocal microscopy, stereology, 3D imaging.

Gene Regulation Laboratory (PPD LAB)

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/partha-das-lab Roles of epigenetic and epi-transcriptomic modifications in embryonic Project Title stem cells, neurodevelopment, and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) Main Supervisor Dr Partha Das [email protected] 99024009

Other Supervisors Dr Pratibha [email protected] 9902 9111 Tripathi

Location Level 3, 15 Innovation Walk, Outline of project

Background:

Our laboratory research interests focus on how epigenetic (DNA and histone modifications) and epi- transcriptomic (RNA modifications) changes control gene expression either at transcriptional or post- transcriptional levels. We use various experimental approaches and cutting-edge technologies including- Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, CRISPRs, CRISPR screens, high- throughput sequencing technologies (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, WGS, ATAC-seq, RRBS, Hi-C), proteomics, bioinformatics and computational biology to understand the gene regulation that control embryonic stem cells (ESCs) state, differentiation, Fig. Distribution of predominant RNA modifications development and diseases.

Project aim/s: 1. Investigating the roles of m6A RNA modification in ESCs 2. Examining the roles of m6A RNA modification in developing brain using human brain organoids 3. Dissecting the roles of m5C RNA modification in Williams Beuren Syndrome (WBS) and Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using human brain organoids 4. Roles of epigenetic factors in neurodevelopment and ASD using brain organoids 5. Establishing epigenetic and epi-transcriptomic connections for gene regulation in ESCs

Techniques to be utilised: CRISPRs, RNA-seq, m5C and m6A-RNAseq, RIP-seq, RIBO-seq, ChIP-seq, scRNAseq, immunoprecipitation, western blots, mass spectrometry, immunostaining, human and mouse ESCs/iPSCs culture, brain organoids.

Organoid engineering and stem cell differentiation

https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/jess-frith https://frithlab.com/ https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/alex-combes https://www.monash.edu/discovery - https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/victor-cadarso -busto https://www.appliedmicronanolab.com/ Project Title Effects of the microenvironment on kidney development Main Supervisor Jess Frith [email protected] 9905 1967 Other Supervisors Alex Combes [email protected] Victor Cadarso [email protected] Location New Horizons, 20 Research Way/19 Innovation Walk Outline of project

Background: Human kidney organoids, miniature organs grown in vitro, have great potential to accelerate disease modelling and drug screening for the 750 million individuals affected by chronic kidney disease worldwide. However, the utility of these stem cell-derived tissues is limited by variability between organoid batches and a lack of control over tissue patterning.

During differentiation, the fate of cells fate is determined by their response to a complex milieu of signals from their surrounding microenvironment, including mechanical and biochemical cues as well as soluble growth factors. Current protocols to produce human kidney tissue from stem cells use soluble factors alone to direct differentiation. However, previous work by our team has shown how changing physical cues, for example by culturing cells on surfaces with microscale topographies, or patterned ligands to which the cells adhere can have important effects on cell differentiation and function. The influence of these signals on kidney cell specification and organisation is not yet well understood, but offers new avenues to improve control over differentiation and tissue structure, both of which are required to improve kidney organoids for disease modelling and drug screening applications.

A) Examples of engineered surfaces with specific micro topographies. B) Cell morphology changes with surface patterning C) A cell on micropillars D) Nephron patterning in vitro. E) Patterning in organoids (left) vs a developing kidney (right).

Project aim/s: The aim of this project is to determine the effects of surface patterning, through changes in surface topography and/or ligand presentation on kidney cell specification and development.

Techniques: This project will involve making engineered surfaces, with variations in topography and/or surface chemistry. Kidney explants, dissociated kidneys, and/or induced pluripotent cells will be cultured on these surfaces and their response to these microenvironmental changes monitored by immunostaining, high-content imaging and image-based analyses of cell fate and mechanosignalling.

Moving Morphology & Functional Mechanics Panagiotopoulou Lab

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/panagiotopoulou-lab/home Project Title Jaw Fracture Repair and Biomechanics of Chewing Main Supervisor Dr Olga [email protected] 9905 Panagiotopoulou 0262 Other Supervisors Location 10 Chancellors Walk, Level 1, Room C142 Outline of project

Background: Mandible (lower-jaw) fractures account for ~30-40% of all instances of maxillofacial trauma and can occur due to a variety of incidents (e.g. assault, oropharyngeal/congenital disorders, cancer, vehicular accidents, sporting accidents or falls). Current treatment aimed at restoring mandibular function and aesthetics by immobilizing the fracture with fixation mini-plates and screws is not free of morbidity. Approximately 10–30% of mandibular fracture patients experience postoperative complications, such as mal-union (bone segments not fusing properly), malocclusion (tooth misalignment), infection, and joint dysfunction. Moreover, there is no consensus on the optimal surgical interventions for certain types of mandible fracture. We propose that a significant cause of post-surgical complication is the appearance of strain environments in the fracture zone and around the implants, which are not conductive to healing.

Project Aims: To study the biomechanical function of the jaw during a complete chewing cycle in healthy controls and post fracture fixation. Techniques: 3D virtual reconstruction of CT scans, 3D implant design, Dynamic Finite Element Modelling, Theoretical mathematical models.

Moving Morphology & Functional Mechanics Panagiotopoulou Lab

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/panagiotopoulou-lab/home Feeding mechanics and bite force performance in white sharks during Project Title development Main Supervisor Dr Olga [email protected] 9905 0262 Panagiotopoulou Other Supervisors Dr David Reser [email protected] 9902 7393 A/Prof Charlie Huveneers [email protected] Location 10 Chancellors Walk, Level 1, Room C142 Outline of project

Background: Sharks are essential top predators in marine ecosystems that are ecologically, economically, and culturally important. Their predatory success relies upon the unique anatomy of their jaws, which produce extremely high bite forces while withstanding damaging tissue stresses.

Large sharks, such as the white shark, alter their diets during development, with young individuals predominantly pursuing fish, while adults preferentially target large, more energy-dense prey. This preference requires extreme bite force capacity, which develops during ontogeny from juveniles to full-size adults (4–6 metre length).

It is currently unknown whether the increase in bite force is due to increases in head size and muscles, or whether additional maturational factors are involved. To better understand bite force scaling within and between species during ontogeny and its implications for the ecological role of large sharks, in-depth studies on jaw feeding mechanics are required.

Project Aims To study the biomechanical function of white shark jaws during growth. Techniques Cadaveric dissections, muscle physiological cross-sectional area analyses, optical microscopy, cryo- electron microscopy, 3D virtual reconstruction of CT scans and synchrotron data, finite element modelling, and theoretical mathematical models.

Moving Morphology & Functional Mechanics Panagiotopoulou Lab

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/panagiotopoulou-lab/home Feeding mechanics and mandible shape in non-human primates during Project Title ontogeny Main Supervisor Dr Olga [email protected] 9905 Panagiotopoulou 0262 Other Supervisors A/ Prof Luca [email protected] 990 Fiorenza 59809 Location 10 Chancellors Walk, Level 1, Room C142 Outline of project

Background: Lower jaw (mandible) shape has yet to yield definitive information on hominid diet, due to our poor understanding on primate jaw biomechanics during development. While current thinking attributes mandible shape to functional adaptation to food consistency (what we eat) our lab’s work suggests a different hypothesis: that, rather than food consistency per se, primate jaws are shaped by the interaction between the developing teeth and feeding behaviour (how they eat). Testing this hypothesis is hampered by almost complete lack of knowledge about how individual feeding behaviour changes jaw structure during development. We have recently published a novel multi-pronged approach integrating in vivo experiments and bioengineering, which proposes to provide the missing piece in understanding the function of the jaw during growth.

Project Aims To study the biomechanical function of the macaque jaw during growth. Techniques Cadaveric dissections, muscle physiological cross-sectional area analyses, optical microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, 3D virtual reconstruction of CT scans, finite element modelling, and theoretical mathematical models.

Moving Morphology & Functional Mechanics Panagiotopoulou Lab

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/panagiotopoulou-lab/home Project Title Feeding mechanics of fossil lungfish from the Gogo Formation Main Supervisor Dr Olga [email protected] 9905 0262 Panagiotopoulou Other Supervisors Dr Alice [email protected] Clement Prof John Long [email protected] Location 10 Chancellors Walk, Level 1, Room C142 Outline of project

Background: Lungfish are a group of lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygians) that first appeared in the Devonian Period over 400 million years and still survive to the present day. They are the closest living group of fish to tetrapods (terrestrial vertebrates) and as such, provide great insight into the changes that occurred in the lead up to the fish-tetrapod transition. Fossil material from the world-famous Gogo Formation, (Australia’s ancient “first great barrier reef”) in northern WA, is exceptional for its preservation (lagerstätten deposit) and diversity of vertebrates, with over 50 species of fish already described. Whilst contemporaneous deposits around the world typically feature one or two species of lungfish, the lungfish at Gogo are particularly diverse with >10 species. These species display highly variable jaw morphologies which we hypothesise reflect diverse dietary niches and is a likely driver of their highly successful adaptive radiation.

Project Aims To study the links between feeding behaviour and jaw shape in Gogo lungfishes (6 species). We hypothesise that the extreme morphological diversity of the Gogo lungfish jaws was a major driver in their highly successful radiation. Techniques 3D virtual reconstruction of CT scans, Finite Element Modelling, Theoretical mathematical models.

Palaeodiet Research Lab

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/fiorenza-lab Ecological diversity in Sumatran and Bornean orangutans from dental Project Title wear analysis Main Supervisor A/Prof Luca [email protected] 990 59809 Fiorenza Other Supervisors Dr Jason S. [email protected] 9902 9111 Massey

Location Building 13C, Clayton campus Outline of project

Background: Orangutans are extraordinary primates. They use less energy than almost any other mammal to cope with the very unpredictable environment that they inhabit. They also breastfeed their young for up to eight years. No other mammals, including humans, lactate their offspring for a such long period of time. However, their extremely low reproductive rate makes their population highly vulnerable, meaning that orangutans take a long time to recover from population decline. Both Bornean and Sumatran orangutans are listed as critically endangered species by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species lists.

Project aim/s: Bornean and Sumatran orangutans are closely-related species with some dietary differences. While Sumatran orangutans spend more time feeding on ripe fruit pulp, Bornean orangutans rely more on low-quality foods including barks, leaves and other vegetation. In this project we will investigate how cranio-dental anatomy of these two orangutan species correlate with their diet and ecology.

Specifically, the Honours project has two key aims: 1. Examine if tooth morphology of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans is functionally linked to the exploitation of hard and tough foods. 2. Reconstruct the diets of these two species from molar macrowear analysis

Techniques to be utilised: The Honours project will be based on a multidisciplinary approach that include advanced 3D computer methods, dental anthropology, biomechanics, functional morphology, palaeontology and statistics. Ultimately, this method can contribute to unravelling how early humans morphologically evolved and adapted to fast changing environments.

Integrated Morphology and Palaeontology

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/adams-lab Mapping the Marsupial Mind: Does brain shape and size Project Title correlate with behavioural adaptations? Main Supervisor Dr J W Adams [email protected] 03 9902 4280 Other Supervisors Dr A Evans [email protected] 03 9905 3110 Other Supervisors Location C154 (10 Chancellor’s Walk, Clayton Campus) Outline of project

Background: There are substantial differences between marsupial and placental mammal brains, including a fundamentally different relationship between brain and body size. Recent research has explored the question of overall marsupial brain size and the potential relationship to behavioural adaptations, the issue of brain size shape within Australian marsupials remains largely unexplored. Exploring the proportion and shape of major cerebral cortical areas (particularly as expressed by impressions within the skull) may shed light on how the brains of kangaroos, possums, quolls and other marsupials reflect their particular adaptive niches; and will allow for consideration of recently extinct marsupials like the thylacine (‘Tasmanian tiger’).

Project aim/s: In this project, we will investigate the shape of the brain within living marsupial species to determine what associations exist between brain size, discrete cerebral regions, and behavioural categories from locomotion to diet to sociality. By developing new methods and approaches based on interpreting the endocranial surfaces of the skull to establish interpretable, 3D data on brain shape, this project will develop critical data on living marsupials that will be directly applied to interpret brain shape in the thylacine. This will include the first analysis of the thylacine brain shape through combined computerised tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Techniques to be utilised: This project will utilise techniques applicable to a range of comparative anatomy and modern biological studies including medical imaging-based reconstruction of organs from CT and MRI data, 3D morphometrics, 3D data processing and 3D printing, and statistical analysis of shape. Equally this project will develop new methods and approaches to quantify brain shape that are not reliant on brain tissue itself, which will expand comparative approaches across larger datasets and diversity of living and extinct marsupial species.

MORPHOLOGY, ONTOGENY, AND EVOLUTION

https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/jason-massey Does diet and elevation reliably predict mandibular shape in gorilla Project Title populations? Main Supervisor Jason Massey [email protected] 990 29111 Other Supervisors Justin Adams [email protected] 990 24280

Location Building 13C (10 Chancellor’s Walk, Clayton Campus) Outline of project

Background: Gorillas live across a vast range of altitudes spanning from sea level to about 4,000m. This range places individual populations in very different ecological zones. The extreme differences in elevation and access to fruit resources between western lowland and mountain gorillas is often cited as the reason for variation in behavioural ecology and skeletal morphology.

The mandible’s primary function is eating. Therefore, it provides an honest signal of dietary variation. The effects of diet on mandibular morphology have been well studied, but it is unknown whether gorillas as a whole have altered one or two aspects of the mandible in response to changes in diet or if each species can independently adopt population-specific morphology. Additionally, it is unknown what effects elevation has on skeletal morphology independent of dietary differences.

Project aims: This honours project will seek to answer: 1. What aspects of the mandible are most responsive to changes in diet? 2. Is the pattern of mandibular variation similar across all populations of gorillas? 3. Is there variation in the mandible due to elevation that is not accounted for by diet?

Techniques: This project will utilise techniques applicable to a range of comparative anatomy and biological/biomedical studies including training in mandibular anatomy, measurement of 3D specimens, and common statistical methods.

RESEARCH IN EDUCATION

Lazarus Research Group of Health Professions Education Research

https://www.monash.edu/discovery-institute/lazarus-research-group Project Title Exploring Representation in Anatomy Education Resources Main Supervisor A/Prof [email protected] 03 9905 0732 Michelle Lazarus Other Supervisors Dr Asiel Yair [email protected] 03 8344 7276 Adan Sanchez

Location Clayton Campus Outline of project

Background: Future healthcare providers treat a wide variety of patients who vary in gender, skin tone, body habitus, socio-economic status etc. Despite this, anatomy education resources often portray limited demographic representations in their images. This study will explore anatomy education resources to identify which demographics are represented in current material, and make recommendations for the field. The goal of this work is to develop an evidence-based "call to action" for Anatomy publishers to help bring representation to the sector.

Project aim: 1. Develop an evidence-based evaluation rubric for assessing representation in anatomy textbooks 2. Identify key anatomical education texts and resources for evaluation.

Techniques to be used: 1. Survey design 2. Systematic reviews 3. Qualitative analysis 4. Quantitative analysis

Engaging students in learning Research Group

Academic Support for Under-Represented Students in Tertiary Project Title Education Main Supervisor Dr Chantal [email protected] Hoppe Other Supervisors Negotiable Other Supervisors Location Dept Anatomy & Developmental Biology 10 Chancellors Walk Outline of project

Background Supporting under-represented students in their transition to university, learning experience and academic performance is an important task in any inclusive environment, yet there is a lack in significant data and academic support for these groups in the Sciences. In order to advise academics of ways to modify their teaching in order to facilitate this support, we need data on the background of these students, how they study, e.g. when and where they study, how they use supplementary resources and data on their academic performance. This project has already commenced and there is data awaiting analysis. The potential student will continue to develop this project as well as analyse existing data.

Aims 1. Determine how Biomedical Science students self-identify into under-representation categories 2. Ascertain how Biomedical Science students perceive university support systems 3. Identify study approaches of students enrolled in the Biomedical Science course; how they mitigate extra-university factors, and how they approach their studies. 4. Explore the correlation between self-identified equity status and student success

Outcomes Expected outcomes for this project include: determination of student demographics in the Biomedical Science cohort, an understanding of student study habits and how it changes over time, and indications of student perceptions of university support programs. Overall, this project will contribute to fundamental knowledge of under-represented students from equity groups at universities, and help to further inform institutions how different equity groups approach their studies. Techniques: Evaluation tools and surveys, quantitative and qualitative analysis; human ethics, development of educational resources, facilitation/teaching experience

NOTES

DR OLGA PANAGIOTOPOULOU Principal Honours Convenor T: 9905 0262 E: [email protected]

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CRAIG SMITH Honours Co-Convenor T: 9905 0203 E: [email protected]

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR TRACY HENG Honours Co-Convenor T: 9905 0629 E: [email protected]

Disclaimer: The information in this report was correct at the time of publication. Monash University reserves the right to alter this information should the need arise.

CRICOS provider: Monash University 00008C August 2021

monash.edu/discovery-institute/departments/anatomy-and-developmental-biology