Biology Terms That Start with W
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Buzzle – Zoology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions Http
Buzzle – Zoology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions http://www.buzzle.com/articles/biology-terms-glossary-of-biology-terms-and- definitions.html#ZoologyGlossary Biology is the branch of science concerned with the study of life: structure, growth, functioning and evolution of living things. This discipline of science comprises three sub-disciplines that are botany (study of plants), Zoology (study of animals) and Microbiology (study of microorganisms). This vast subject of science involves the usage of myriads of biology terms, which are essential to be comprehended correctly. People involved in the science field encounter innumerable jargons during their study, research or work. Moreover, since science is a part of everybody's life, it is something that is important to all individuals. A Abdomen: Abdomen in mammals is the portion of the body which is located below the rib cage, and in arthropods below the thorax. It is the cavity that contains stomach, intestines, etc. Abscission: Abscission is a process of shedding or separating part of an organism from the rest of it. Common examples are that of, plant parts like leaves, fruits, flowers and bark being separated from the plant. Accidental: Accidental refers to the occurrences or existence of all those species that would not be found in a particular region under normal circumstances. Acclimation: Acclimation refers to the morphological and/or physiological changes experienced by various organisms to adapt or accustom themselves to a new climate or environment. Active Transport: The movement of cellular substances like ions or molecules by traveling across the membrane, towards a higher level of concentration while consuming energy. -
Biophysics, Structural and Computational Biology (BSCB) Faculty Administers the Ph.D
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY Graduate Studies in BIOPHYSICS, STRUCTURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Student Handbook August 2019 David Mathews, Program Director Joseph Wedekind, Education Committee Chair Melissa Vera, Graduate Studies Coordinator PREFACE The Biophysics, Structural and Computational Biology (BSCB) Faculty administers the Ph.D. degree program in Biophysics for the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. This handbook is intended to outline the major features and policies of the program. The general features of the graduate experience at the University of Rochester are summarized in the Graduate Bulletin, which is updated every two years. Students and advisors will need to consult both sources, though it is our intent to provide the salient features here. Policy, of course, continues to evolve in response to the changing needs of the graduate programs and the students in them. Thus, it is wise to verify any crucial decisions with the Graduate Studies Coordinator. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. DEFINITIONS 1 II. BIOPHYSICS CURRICULUM 2 A. Courses 2 1. Core Curriculum 2. Elective Courses 3 B. Suggested Progress Toward the Ph.D. in Biophysics 4 C. Other Educational Opportunities 4 1. Departmental Seminars 4 2. BSCB Program Retreat 5 3. Bioinformatics Cluster 5 D. Exemptions from Course Requirements 5 E. Minimum Course Performance 5 F. M.D./Ph.D. Students 6 III. ADDITIONAL DETAILS OF PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS 7 A. Faculty Advisors for Entering Students 7 B. Student Laboratory Rotations 7 C. Radiation Certificate 8 D. Student Research Seminar 8 E. First Year Preliminary Examination and Evaluation 9 F. Teaching Assistantship 12 G. -
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection This guide is for middle and high school students participating in AIMS Anatomy of the Human Brain and Sheep Brain Dissections. Programs will be presented by an AIMS Anatomy Specialist. In this activity students will become more familiar with the anatomical structures of the human brain by observing, studying, and examining human specimens. The primary focus is on the anatomy, function, and pathology. Those students participating in Sheep Brain Dissections will have the opportunity to dissect and compare anatomical structures. At the end of this document, you will find anatomical diagrams, vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students. The following topics will be covered: 1. The neurons and supporting cells of the nervous system 2. Organization of the nervous system (the central and peripheral nervous systems) 4. Protective coverings of the brain 5. Brain Anatomy, including cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem 6. Spinal Cord Anatomy 7. Cranial and spinal nerves Objectives: The student will be able to: 1. Define the selected terms associated with the human brain and spinal cord; 2. Identify the protective structures of the brain; 3. Identify the four lobes of the brain; 4. Explain the correlation between brain surface area, structure and brain function. 5. Discuss common neurological disorders and treatments. 6. Describe the effects of drug and alcohol on the brain. 7. Correctly label a diagram of the human brain National Science Education -
A Sample Workload for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology for Optimizing Next-Generation High-Performance Computer Systems
BioSPLASH: A sample workload for bioinformatics and computational biology for optimizing next-generation high-performance computer systems David A. Bader∗ Vipin Sachdeva Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 Virat Agarwal Gaurav Goel Abhishek N. Singh Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi May 1, 2005 Abstract BioSPLASH is a suite of representative applications that we have assembled from the com- putational biology community, where the codes are carefully selected to span a breadth of algorithms and performance characteristics. The main results of this paper are the assembly of a scalable bioinformatics workload with impact to the DARPA High Produc- tivity Computing Systems Program to develop revolutionarily-new economically- viable high-performance computing systems,andanalyses of the performance of these codes for computationally demanding instances using the cycle-accurate IBM MAMBO simulator and real performance monitoring on an Apple G5 system. Hence, our work is novel in that it is one of the first efforts to incorporate life science application per- formance for optimizing high-end computer system architectures. 1 Algorithms in Computational Biology In the 50 years since the discovery of the structure of DNA, and with new techniques for sequencing the entire genome of organisms, biology is rapidly moving towards a data-intensive, computational science. Biologists are in search of biomolecular sequence data, for its comparison with other genomes, and because its structure determines function and leads to the understanding of bio- chemical pathways, disease prevention and cure, and the mechanisms of life itself. Computational biology has been aided by recent advances in both technology and algorithms; for instance, the ability to sequence short contiguous strings of DNA and from these reconstruct the whole genome (e.g., see [34, 2, 33]) and the proliferation of high-speed micro array, gene, and protein chips (e.g., see [27]) for the study of gene expression and function determination. -
Human Anatomy (Biology 2) Lecture Notes Updated July 2017 Instructor
Human Anatomy (Biology 2) Lecture Notes Updated July 2017 Instructor: Rebecca Bailey 1 Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation • Terms - Anatomy: the study of body structure and relationships among structures - Physiology: the study of body function • Levels of Organization - Chemical level 1. atoms and molecules - Cells 1. the basic unit of all living things - Tissues 1. cells join together to perform a particular function - Organs 1. tissues join together to perform a particular function - Organ system 1. organs join together to perform a particular function - Organismal 1. the whole body • Organ Systems • Anatomical Position • Regional Names - Axial region 1. head 2. neck 3. trunk a. thorax b. abdomen c. pelvis d. perineum - Appendicular region 1. limbs • Directional Terms - Superior (above) vs. Inferior (below) - Anterior (toward the front) vs. Posterior (toward the back)(Dorsal vs. Ventral) - Medial (toward the midline) vs. Lateral (away from the midline) - Intermediate (between a more medial and a more lateral structure) - Proximal (closer to the point of origin) vs. Distal (farther from the point of origin) - Superficial (toward the surface) vs. Deep (away from the surface) • Planes and Sections divide the body or organ - Frontal or coronal 1. divides into anterior/posterior 2 - Sagittal 1. divides into right and left halves 2. includes midsagittal and parasagittal - Transverse or cross-sectional 1. divides into superior/inferior • Body Cavities - Dorsal 1. cranial cavity 2. vertebral cavity - Ventral 1. lined with serous membrane 2. viscera (organs) covered by serous membrane 3. thoracic cavity a. two pleural cavities contain the lungs b. pericardial cavity contains heart c. the cavities are defined by serous membrane d. -
Biology (BA) Biology (BA)
Biology (BA) Biology (BA) This program is offered by the College of Arts & Sciences/ • CHEM 1110 General Chemistry II (3 hours) Biological Sciences Department and is only available at the St. and CHEM 1111 General Chemistry II: Lab (1 hour) Louis home campus. • CHEM 2100 Organic Chemistry I (3 hours) and CHEM 2101 Organic Chemistry I: Lab (1 hour) Program Description • MATH 1430 College Algebra (3 hours) • MATH 2200 Statistics (3 hours) The bachelor of arts degree is designed for students who seek or STAT 3100 Inferential Statistics (3 hours) a broad education in biology. This degree is suitable preparation or PSYC 2750 Introduction to Measurement and Statistics (3 for a diverse range of careers including health science, science hours) education and ecology-related fields. • PHYS 1710 College Physics I (3 hours) Students can earn the BA in biology alone, or with one of four and PHYS 1711 College Physics I: Lab (1 hour) emphases: biodiversity, computational biology, education or • PHYS 1720 College Physics II (3 hours) health science. and PHYS 1721 College Physics II: Lab (1 hour) Learning Outcomes BA in Biology (66 hours) Students who complete any of the bachelor of arts in biology will The general degree offers the greatest flexibility, allowing students be able to: to select 12 hours of electives from any of our 2000+ level BIOL, CHEM or PHYS courses in addition to the 54 credits of core • Describe biological, chemical and physical principles as they coursework in biology listed above. (Up to 3 credit hours of BIOL relate to the natural world in writings and presentations to a 4700/CHEM 4700/PHYS 4700 can be used toward these 12 credit diverse audience. -
Department of Pharmacology (GRAD) 1
Department of Pharmacology (GRAD) 1 faculty participate fully at all levels. The department has the highest DEPARTMENT OF level of NIH funding of all pharmacology departments and a great diversity of research areas is available to trainees. These areas PHARMACOLOGY (GRAD) include cell surface receptors, G proteins, protein kinases, and signal transduction mechanisms; neuropharmacology; nucleic acids, cancer, Contact Information and antimicrobial pharmacology; and experimental therapeutics. Cell and molecular approaches are particularly strong, but systems-level research Department of Pharmacology such as behavioral pharmacology and analysis of knock-in and knock-out Visit Program Website (http://www.med.unc.edu/pharm/) mice is also well-represented. Excellent physical facilities are available for all research areas. Henrik Dohlman, Chair Students completing the training program will have acquired basic The Department of Pharmacology offers a program of study that leads knowledge of pharmacology and related fields, in-depth knowledge in to the degree of doctor of philosophy in pharmacology. The curriculum is their dissertation research area, the ability to evaluate scientific literature, individualized in recognition of the diverse backgrounds and interests of mastery of a variety of laboratory procedures, skill in planning and students and the broad scope of the discipline of pharmacology. executing an important research project in pharmacology, and the ability The department offers a variety of research areas including to communicate results, analysis, and interpretation. These skills provide a sound basis for successful scientific careers in academia, government, 1. Receptors and signal transduction or industry. 2. Ion channels To apply to BBSP, students must use The Graduate School's online 3. -
Ecological Developmental Biology and Disease States CHAPTER 5 Teratogenesis: Environmental Assaults on Development 167
Integrating Epigenetics, Medicine, and Evolution Scott F. Gilbert David Epel Swarthmore College Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University Sinauer Associates, Inc. • Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. © Sinauer Associates, Inc. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, manufactured or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher. Brief Contents PART 1 Environmental Signals and Normal Development CHAPTER 1 The Environment as a Normal Agent in Producing Phenotypes 3 CHAPTER 2 How Agents in the Environment Effect Molecular Changes in Development 37 CHAPTER 3 Developmental Symbiosis: Co-Development as a Strategy for Life 79 CHAPTER 4 Embryonic Defenses: Survival in a Hostile World 119 PART 2 Ecological Developmental Biology and Disease States CHAPTER 5 Teratogenesis: Environmental Assaults on Development 167 CHAPTER 6 Endocrine Disruptors 197 CHAPTER 7 The Epigenetic Origin of Adult Diseases 245 PART 3 Toward a Developmental Evolutionary Synthesis CHAPTER 8 The Modern Synthesis: Natural Selection of Allelic Variation 289 CHAPTER 9 Evolution through Developmental Regulatory Genes 323 CHAPTER 10 Environment, Development, and Evolution: Toward a New Synthesis 369 CODA Philosophical Concerns Raised by Ecological Developmental Biology 403 APPENDIX A Lysenko, Kammerer, and the Truncated Tradition of Ecological Developmental Biology 421 APPENDIX B The Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Change 433 APPENDIX C Writing Development Out of the Modern Synthesis 441 APPENDIX D Epigenetic Inheritance Systems: -
How to Become a Marine Biologist
How to Become a Marine Biologist If you like working in a variety of places, enjoy research and interacting with animals, like math and science, have initiative and can handle working in different conditions you might want to be a Marine Biologist Other advancements or career choices (professor, researcher, PhD etc) A Masters degree will allow you to specialize in marine biological fields like marine mammals or fisheries. You can also go straight from Marine Biologist Your PhD work should include your Masters to your PhD. field research, conferences and publications. Take as many science and math classes as possible. Also look for summer Masters camps and volunteer opportunities to get experience in the field. Reach out to local researchers. College Bachelor's degree in Biology, Marine Science, Oceanography, Fisheries, or other related fields High School Look for internships and field Middle School experience for the summer Attend science camps and other outdoor Attend and present at professional opportunities. Locate researchers doing conferences and try to publish interesting things and open communication your research. with them * Different marine biologist jobs may have more or less requirements. This is a generalized example to get you started on the right path. Marine Biologist Job Description: A marine biologist studies plants and animals that live in the ocean, their behavior and adaptations, roles in the food chain, and how humans can effect these organisms. They often concentrate on a specific organism or habitat. Marine biologists can work out in a field, lab, or in an office depending on the work they are conducting. -
Basic Brain Anatomy
Chapter 2 Basic Brain Anatomy Where this icon appears, visit The Brain http://go.jblearning.com/ManascoCWS to view the corresponding video. The average weight of an adult human brain is about 3 pounds. That is about the weight of a single small To understand how a part of the brain is disordered by cantaloupe or six grapefruits. If a human brain was damage or disease, speech-language pathologists must placed on a tray, it would look like a pretty unim- first know a few facts about the anatomy of the brain pressive mass of gray lumpy tissue (Luria, 1973). In in general and how a normal and healthy brain func- fact, for most of history the brain was thought to be tions. Readers can use the anatomy presented here as an utterly useless piece of flesh housed in the skull. a reference, review, and jumping off point to under- The Egyptians believed that the heart was the seat standing the consequences of damage to the structures of human intelligence, and as such, the brain was discussed. This chapter begins with the big picture promptly removed during mummification. In his and works down into the specifics of brain anatomy. essay On Sleep and Sleeplessness, Aristotle argued that the brain is a complex cooling mechanism for our bodies that works primarily to help cool and The Central Nervous condense water vapors rising in our bodies (Aristo- tle, republished 2011). He also established a strong System argument in this same essay for why infants should not drink wine. The basis for this argument was that The nervous system is divided into two major sec- infants already have Central nervous tions: the central nervous system and the peripheral too much moisture system The brain and nervous system. -
Lysosomal Function and Axon Guidance: Is There a Meaningful Liaison?
biomolecules Review Lysosomal Function and Axon Guidance: Is There a Meaningful Liaison? Rosa Manzoli 1,2,†, Lorenzo Badenetti 1,3,4,†, Michela Rubin 1 and Enrico Moro 1,* 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy 3 Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy 4 Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, 35127 Padova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-04-98276341 † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Abstract: Axonal trajectories and neural circuit activities strongly rely on a complex system of molec- ular cues that finely orchestrate the patterning of neural commissures. Several of these axon guidance molecules undergo continuous recycling during brain development, according to incompletely un- derstood intracellular mechanisms, that in part rely on endocytic and autophagic cascades. Based on their pivotal role in both pathways, lysosomes are emerging as a key hub in the sophisticated regulation of axonal guidance cue delivery, localization, and function. In this review, we will attempt to collect some of the most relevant research on the tight connection between lysosomal function and axon guidance regulation, providing some proof of concepts that may be helpful to understanding the relation between lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Citation: Manzoli, R.; Badenetti, L.; Keywords: axon guidance; lysosomal storage disorders; neuronal circuit Rubin, M.; Moro, E. Lysosomal Function and Axon Guidance: Is There a Meaningful Liaison? Biomolecules 2021, 11, 191. -
Résumé Writing: Summary/Profile Examples
Résumé Writing: Summary/Profile Examples Dedicated, versatile biochemist with extensive experience in protein research. Special expertise in recombinant protein purification and characterization from eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Solid background in enzymology and structural biology. Key skills include: • Working on own initiative and quickly adapting to new projects • Presenting information clearly and concisely in both verbal and written form • Effectively collaborating in a diverse team environment Well-rounded molecular biologist with a background in microbiology, cell biology and bioinformatics. Broad range of experience in mammalian, bacterial, and viral systems. Proficient in assay development and troubleshooting complex systems. Team player with solid written and oral communication skills anchored by a strong publication record. Inflammation scientist with over 8 years multidisciplinary research experience with emphasis on developing excellent communication skills. Key qualifications: • Equally capable of working independently & as an adaptable team member • Skilled at managing, analyzing, and presenting data to a wide variety of audiences • Proven leadership & supervisory abilities, developed through mentoring graduate students, coordinating institute-wide events, and leading journal clubs Protein crystallographer with a background in human kinases, therapeutic antibodies, retroviral proteases and membrane proteins. Extensive experience in protein biochemistry, crystallization and structure determination, expertise in structure-based