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652885.Pdf (2.800Mb) TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠM DALI SĠNOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI TANG HANEDANI DÖNEMĠNDE JIEDUSHILIK VE TÜRK KOMUTANLAR (710-756) Doktora Tezi Gökçen KAPUSUZOĞLU Ankara-2020 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠM DALI SĠNOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI TANG HANEDANI DÖNEMĠNDE JIEDUSHILIK VE TÜRK KOMUTANLAR (710-756) Doktora Tezi Gökçen KAPUSUZOĞLU Tez DanıĢmanı Doç. Dr. Gürhan KIRĠLEN Ankara-2020 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠM DALI SĠNOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI Gökçen KAPUSUZOĞLU TANG HANEDANI DÖNEMĠNDE JIEDUSHILIK VE TÜRK KOMUTANLAR (710-756) Doktora Tezi Tez DanıĢmanı: Doç. Dr. Gürhan KIRĠLEN Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı Soyadı Ġmzası …..................................................... ........................................................ …..................................................... ........................................................ …..................................................... ………………................................ ......................................................... …………………………………… ……………………………………. ……………………………………. Tez Sınav Tarihi: 07/10/2020 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ’NE Bu belge ile bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranıĢ ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak çalıĢmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düĢünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim (07/10/2020). Tezi Hazırlayan Öğrencinin Adı Soyadı Gökçen KAPUSUZOĞLU TEġEKKÜR Doktora eğitimim boyunca yardımı ve desteği ile her zaman yanımda olan, yalnızca tez danıĢmanım değil akademik anlamda da en büyük yol göstericim olan, bugünkü bilgi birikimimin neredeyse tamamını borçlu olduğum değerli hocam Doç. Dr. Gürhan KIRĠLEN‟e sonsuz teĢekkür ederim. Kendisinin çok yönlü yetiĢmem ve üretken olmam konusundaki teĢvik edici ve yapıcı tutumunu Ģiar edindim. Doktora ders dönemi sürecinde pek çok dersini dinlememe izin vererek engin bilgi ve tecrübelerinden en üst düzeyde faydalanmama imkân tanıyan, tez izleme toplantılarım için zamanını ayırıp kıymetli fikirlerini paylaĢan sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Saadettin Yağmur GÖMEÇ‟e çok teĢekkür ederim. Daima pozitif ve yapıcı önerileriyle tez çalıĢmamın Ģekillenmesine yön veren ve kıymetli zamanını ayırıp bütün tez izleme toplantılarımda yer alan, görev bilinci, duruĢu ve akademik baĢarılarını örnek aldığım sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Konuralp ERCĠLASUN‟a çok teĢekkür ederim. Ayrıca derslerini seçmeme izin vererek alt yapımın oluĢmasına katkı sağlayan, bakıĢ açımı zenginleĢtiren sayın hocalarım Prof. Dr. Abdullah GÜNDOĞDU, Prof. Dr. Haldun EROĞLU ve Prof. Dr. Üçler BULDUK‟a teĢekkür ederim. Son olarak bu zorlu süreç boyunca sabrı, desteği ve yoğun ilgisiyle yanımda olan, bütün çalıĢmalarımın ilk okuru sevgili eĢim Osman Batur KAPUSUZOĞLU‟na teĢekkür ederim. I ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER TEġEKKÜR ..................................................................................................................... I ÖN SÖZ ........................................................................................................................... V KISALTMALAR .........................................................................................................VII PINYIN TRANSKRĠPSĠYON SĠSTEMĠ ĠÇĠN OKUMA ANAHTARI ................. IX TERĠMLER LĠSTESĠ .................................................................................................... X KAYNAKLAR HAKKINDA .........................................................................................1 GĠRĠġ ..............................................................................................................................12 BĠRĠNCĠ BÖLÜM TARĠHSEL SÜREÇ 1.1.Tang Hanedanı‟nın Ġlk Yüzyılında Hanedanda Genel Durum ............................. 22 1.1.1.Li Longji‟nin Darbesi ..................................................................................... 27 1.2.680 Yılından Sonra Göktürklerde Genel Durum ve Tarihî Olaylar ..................... 35 ĠKĠNCĠ BÖLÜM TANG HANEDANI’NIN ĠLK YÜZYILINDA ASKERÎ VE ĠDARĠ YAPI 2.1.Askerî Yapı ........................................................................................................... 49 2.1.1.Garnizon Askeri Uygulaması (Fubing 府兵) ................................................. 50 2.1.2.Paralı Askerlik Sistemi (Mubing 募兵) ......................................................... 54 2.2.Ġdari Yapı .............................................................................................................. 56 2.2.1.GevĢek Dizgin Politikası (Jimi 羈縻) ............................................................ 62 2.3.710-756 Yılları Arasında Tang Hanedanı‟nda Askerî ve Ġdari DönüĢüm ............ 72 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM JIEDUSHI UNVANININ TARĠHSEL GELĠġĠMĠ VE TEġKĠLATLANMA SÜRECĠ 3.1. Jiedushi Teriminin Etimolojik Yapısı ve Türkçe KarĢılığı .................................. 75 3.2. Resmî Tarihler‟de Jiedushi Unvanı‟nın Kökeni ve Farklı YazılıĢları ................. 79 3.2.1. Shi Chi Jie (使持節) ...................................................................................... 82 3.2.2. Chi Jie (持節) ............................................................................................... 86 3.2.3. Jia Jie (假節) ................................................................................................. 89 3.2.4. Jiedu (節度) ................................................................................................... 94 3.2.5. Jie Shi (節使) ................................................................................................ 96 3.2.6. Chi Jie Shi (持節使) ...................................................................................... 97 3.2.7. Jiedu Da Shi (節度大使) ............................................................................... 99 II 3.3. Bölge Valiliği Uygulaması (節度使 Jiedushi) ................................................... 101 3.3.1. Jiedushiların Yönetim Bölgeleri ................................................................. 106 3.3.1.1. Anxi Jiedushi (安西節度使) .................................................................... 107 3.3.1.2. BeitingJiedushi (北庭節度使) ................................................................. 107 3.3.1.3. Hexi Jiedushi (河西節度使) .................................................................... 108 3.3.1.4. Ordos Jiedushi (朔方節度使) .................................................................. 109 3.3.1.5. Hedong Jiedushi (河東節度使) ............................................................... 111 3.3.1.6. Fanyang Jiedushi (范陽節度使) .............................................................. 112 3.3.1.7. Pinglu Jiedushi (平盧節度使) .................................................................. 113 3.3.1.8. Longyou Jiedushi (隴右節度使) .............................................................. 114 3.3.1.9. Jiannan Jiedushi (劍南節度使) ................................................................ 116 3.3.1.10. Lingnan Jiedushi (嶺南節度使) ............................................................. 117 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM BOZKIR KÖKENLĠ JIEDUSHILAR 4.1. Heba Yan-si (賀拔延嗣 ?-?) .............................................................................. 121 4.2. Xue Na (薛納 649-720) ..................................................................................... 124 4.3. Xue Chuyu (薛楚玉 ?-?) .................................................................................... 131 4.4. Geshu Han (KoĢu Han /哥舒翰 ? - 757) ............................................................ 135 4.5. AĢına Xian (阿史那獻 ?-?) ................................................................................ 147 4.6. An-si-shun (安思順 695-756) ............................................................................ 150 4.7. A-bu-si/ Li Xianzhong (阿布思/ 李獻忠 ?-754) .............................................. 157 4.8. An Lushan (安祿山 703-757) ............................................................................ 163 4.9. Li Guangbi (李光弼 708-764) .......................................................................... 171 SONUÇ .........................................................................................................................197 KAYNAKÇA................................................................................................................202 ÖZET ............................................................................................................................212 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................213 EKLER ...................................................................................................................... 214 ġema 1: Tang Xuanzong Dönemi Ġdari Birim HiyerarĢik Düzeni ............................ 214 Tablo 1: Tang Döneminde Jimi Bölgelerinin Durumu ............................................. 215 Tablo 2: 710-756 Yılları Arasında On Jiedushi Bölgesinde Görev Yapan Jiedushilar 219 Tablo 3: Tang Xuanzong Dönemi Jiedushi Bölgeleri Asker ve At Sayıları ............. 224 III Tablo 4: Jiedushi (Bölge Valisi) Unvanında Geçen Ġmlerin Guangyun Tablosu‟na Göre OkunuĢları ........................................................................................................ 225 Harita 1: Taizong Dönemi On Ġdari Yol ................................................................... 227 Harita
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