APOLOGY STRATEGIES USED IN O’ HENRY SHORT STORIES
THESIS
Submitted to the Board Examiners in Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for Literature Degree at English Literature Department
by NOER FITRIA TSANI SUWARJI AI. 150320
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2019
MOTTO
ه ۞ َق ْو ٌل َّم ْع ُر ْو ٌف َّو َم ْغ ِف َرةٌ َخ ْي ٌر ِّم ْن َص َد َق ٍة َّي ْت َب ُع َهآ اَ ًذى ۗ َو ّّللاُ َغنِ ٌّي َحلِ ْي ٌم – البقرة - ٣٦٢
Meaning:
Kind speech and forgiveness are better than charity followed by injury. And Allah is Free of need and Forbearing. (Q.S. Al- Baqarah: 263).1
Artinya :
Perkataan yang baik dan pemberian maaf lebih baik daripada sedekah yang diiringi tindakan yang menyakiti. Allah Mahakaya, Maha Penyantun. (Q.S. Al- Baqarah: 263)2
1 The Noble Qur’an. (2016). Qur’an.com (Also Known as The Noble Qur’an, Al- Qur’an. Holy Qur’an, Koran) Retrieved from https://www.quran.com Accessed on October, 04th 2019 at 14:04 am. 2 https://quran.kemenag.go.id/ Accessed on October, 07th 2019 17:34 PM.
DEDICATION هّ ِب ْس ِم ِّللا ال َّر ْح هم ِن ال َّر ِح ْي ِم
I thank to Allah SWT who has blessed and strength on me so I can accomplish this thesis, Shalawat and salam to Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought human life to a better life and to be a beautiful world.
Proudly, I present this thesis to my beloved Mama (Sujiah) and my
Bapak (Suwarto) also my brother (Wahid Kurniawan Suwarji, S.Pd.) and my sister (Rasyidatul Aliyah Suwarji and the late Rahmi Ramadhani) who always love and give me a support and pray for me also cheer me up to keep live the life of my dream and my education. Without Allah SWT and them, I might not be able to finish this thesis.
َج َزا هك همُ للاُهُ َخ ْي ًرا
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil „Aalamiin
All praises be to Allah the Most Beneficent and The Most Merciful, who has given the writer mercy, strength, health, and guidance in accomplishing the thesis entitled Apology Strategies Used in O’ Henry Short Stories which is submitted to fulfill the requirements for bachelor degree (S1) in English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities faculty, The State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Shalawat and Salam are upon our Prophet and last Messenger, Muhammad SAW, who has brought us from the darkness to lightness and to a better life.
I would like to thank those who have assisted me in writing this thesis. My sincere gratitude goes to:
1. The Rector of The State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Prof. H. Suaidi Asy‟ari, MA, Ph.D 2. The Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pd.I. 3. The vices of dean, Dr. Alfian, M.Ed.; Dr. H.M. Fadhil, M.Ag.; and Dr. Raudhoh, M.Pd.I. 4. The Chairwoman of English Literature Department, Ulfatmi Azlan, M.A. and the Secretary of English Literature Department, Dian Mukhlisa, M.A. 5. My Supervisors, Tira Mariana S.S,. M.Hum and H. Mislan S.Pd,. M.Pd,. who have given me idea, guidance, advice, critics, suggestion, motivation and provided great inputs to me in finishing this thesis. 6. All of my lecturers in English Literature Department. 7. My classmates SI 15 A, for Ana Efrida, Ayu Triana, S.S,. Aprasin Maisa Rahman, Balqis Budiman, Harianto Ardi, Husnaya Sarah, Herlin Jumantir, Irfan Arieyanto, Lusiana Sondra, Monalisa, Maryatul Kipya S,S,. M. Firmansyah Idwa, Messy Kurniati, Nova Nurma Raflesia, Niatur Rahma, Nurlina S,S,. Puji Astuti Ningsih, Rika Andini, Rini Rahayu, Rizky Ramadhan, Rusnita, Sandra Muthi‟ah Imansari, Siti Hamida S,S,.Sri Devi Arisandi, Ulpa Mahmudha, Yuni Kartika S,S,. 8. Special for my best friend Puji Astuti Ningsih and Takmilatul Fikriah who always support and cheer me up when I‟m done, for Aprasin Maisa Rahman partner of library research, and special for
ABSTRACT
Suwarji, Noer Fitria Tsani. 2019 : Apology Strategies Used In O‟ Henry Short Stories, English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, The State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Supervisor I : H. Mislan, S.Pd., M. Pd. Supervisor II : Tira Mariana, SS., M. Hum.
Apology in the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia is the release of someone from punishment (demands, fines, etc.) because of an error, or an expression of apology or remorse. The reason why the writer is interested in analyzing apologies is because basically language is a very important tool in communication, and in communicating people can express their ideas, desires, thoughts, knowledge, and feelings. The aims of this research are first to find out what apologies expressions are found in the O 'Henry short stories, second what are the apology strategies are used in O' Henry short stories, the last what are the reason using apology strategies in the O 'Henry short stories. The theory used in this research is an Apology Strategies theory belong to Olshtain and Cohen. The writer uses a descriptive method from Sutisno Hadi. While the data source of this study the writer uses the complete work of O 'Henry Foreword by Harry Hansen which has been recorded and published. The results of this research shows that first the expressions of apology found in O 'Henry's short stories are Apology, Sorry, Pardon, Fault, Did Not Mean To, Forgive, Excuse Me, I Did Not See, You Are Right, the total of the data of the expressions is 154, second The strategies used in expressing publications is divided into seven strategies, they are An offer of apology, A request for forgiveness, An explanation or account of the situation, An acknowledgment of responsibility, An offer of repair, A promise of forbearance. The third The reason why using apology strategies are divided into six reasons, they are Getting attention, Expressing sympathy, Interrupting, Expressing regret, Introducing disagreement or correction, Excusing oneself.
Keywords: Apology, expression, strategies, reason
ABSTRAK
Suwarji, Noer Fitria Tsani.2019 Apology Strategies Used In O‟ Henry Short Stories, Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. Pembimbing I : H. Mislan, S.Pd., M. Pd. Pembimbing II : Tira Mariana, SS., M. Hum.
Apology atau permintaan maaf dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia adalah pembebasan seseorang dari hukuman (tuntutan, denda, dan sebagainya) karena suatu kesalahan,atau ungkapan permintaan ampun atau penyesalan. Alasan penulis tertarik dalam menganalisis ungkapan maaf karena pada dasarnya bahasa merupakan alat yang sangat penting dalam berkomunikasi, dan dalam berkomunikasi orang dapat mengekspresikan ide, keinginan, pikiran, pengetahuan, dan perasaan mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama untuk mengetahui ekspresi permintaan maaf apa yang ditemukan dalam cerpen O 'Henry, kedua apa strategi permintaan maaf yang digunakan dalam cerpen O' Henry, terakhir apa alasannya menggunakan strategi permintaan maaf di cerpen O‟ Henry. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Strategi Permintaan Maaf dari Olshtain dan Cohen. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dari Sutisno Hadi. Sedangkan sumber data penelitian ini penulis menggunakan karya lengkap O 'Henry Foreword oleh Harry Hansen yang telah direkam dan diterbitkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permintaan maaf pertama yang ditemukan dalam cerita pendek O 'Henry memiliki sembilan ekspresi yaitu Apology, Sorry, Pardon, Fault, Did Not Mean To, Forgive, Excuse Me, I Did Not See, You Are Right total dari data ekspresi adalah 154, kedua Strategi yang digunakan dalam mengekspresikan permintaan maaf dibagi menjadi tujuh bagian, yaitu Mengungkapkan penyesalan, Menawarkan untuk meminta maaf, Permintaan maaf, Deskripsi situasi atau kondisi, Pengakuan yang bertanggung jawab, Mengatasi perbaikan, Berjanji untuk kesabaran. Terakhir ada enam alasan untuk menggunakan strategi permintaan maaf, yaitu Mendapatkan perhatian, Mengungkapkan simpati, Menginterupsi, Menyatakan penyesalan, Memperkenalkan ketidaksetujuan / koreksi, Memaafkan diri sendiri.
Kata kunci: permintaan maaf, strategi, ekspresi, alasan
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE APROVAL ...... i ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ...... ii LETTER OF RATIFICATION ...... iii MOTTO ...... iv DEDICATION ...... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... vi ABSTRACT ...... viii ABSTRAK ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENT ...... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Problem ...... 1 B. Formulation of The Problem ...... 3 C. Limitation of The Problem ...... 3 D. Purpose of The Problem ...... 3 E. Significance of The Research ...... 4
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Pragmatics ...... 5 1. Definition of Pragmatics ...... 5 2. Speech Act...... 6 B. Definition of Apology ...... 7 1. Apologies ...... 7 2. Apology Strategies ...... 9 3. Reason Using Apology Strategies ...... 11 C. Review of Related Research ...... 13
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Design of Research ...... 16 B. Source of Data ...... 18 C. The Technique of Data Collection ...... 18
D. The Technique of Data Analysis ...... 19
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS
A. The Apology Expressions ...... 21 1. Sorry ...... 21 2. Apology ...... 22 3. Pardon ...... 23 4. Fault ...... 24 5. Did Not Mean To ...... 24 6. Forgive ...... 25 7. Excuse Me ...... 26 B. The Apology Strategies ...... 27 1. An Expression of Apology ...... 27 a. An Expression of Regret ...... 27 b. An Offer of Apology ...... 30 c. A Request for Forgiveness ...... 33 2. An Explanation or Account of the Situation...... 40 3. An Acknowledgement of Resposibility ...... 42 a. Accepting the blame ...... 42 b. Recognizing the Other Person as a Deserving Apology ...... 46 c. Expressing the Lack of Intent ...... 46 4. A Promise of Forbearance ...... 47 C. The Reason Using Apology Strategies ...... 48 1. Getting Attention ...... 48 2. Expressing Sympathy ...... 49 3. Interrupting ...... 50 4. Expressing Regret ...... 51 5. Introducing Disagreement or Correction ...... 51 6. Excusing Oneself ...... 52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ...... 54 B. Suggestion ...... 55
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Problem
A language used by people to interact with each other in their daily life and one of the ways to communicate. Language is one of the most uniquely human characteristics that distinguish from other creature. According to Wardhaugh language is what the members of a particular society speak.3 In doing interaction, people need to communicate with others. In communicating, people practice their languages based on daily language. In this case, the language has an important role as a means of communication. Communication is usually defined as a conversation which means a process by which people communicate with others.
Communication is one of the tools for a human to interact with each other and also to do communication people use language to understand each other. Language is a system of conventional spoken, manual, or written symbols by means of which human being, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves. The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release, communication among people who speak the same language is possible because they share such knowledge, although how it is shared – or even how it is acquired – is not well understood.4 Through language, people can express their ideas, desires, thoughts, knowledge, and feelings. It can even be used to maintain a
3 Ronald Wardaugh. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 5th Edition. Blackwell Publishing. p. 1 4 Ronald Wardhaugh. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. p. 2
social relation. Language can be used to keep a relationship since language should hurt no one. For instance, people use it to greet others, to make a compliment, to make an apology and etc. In contrary, the relationship between people might be broken, when people use the language to hurt others, for instance by mocking, slandering, scolding, accusing or intimidating others. As a result, people must apologize when they hurt someone else. An apology is used to create harmony between a speaker and a hearer. Leech said that the act of apologizing is a convivial speech act, the goal of which coincides with the social goal of maintaining harmony between speaker and hearer. Apologize is an expressive illocutionary act which has an expressive act. Expressive is a means of dealing with feeling. Expressive speech act is the point of a certain psychological state is expressed, while it has no direction of fit, in which a wide range of psychological states can be expressed, in which the proposition ascribes a property or activity to the speaker or the hearer, the example: congratulation, thanks, apologize, etc.5 From apologizing here is the writer choose to research about apology strategies in short story, and here is the writer choose to research from O‟ Henry short stories. The writer chooses O‟ Henry‟s collected short stories to be reading and from reading 286 short stories the writer found 101 short stories that contains Apology strategies and that chooses short stories will be analyze. That 101 short stories are Memoirs of a Yellow, Between Rounds and Proof of the Pudding, etc. From those 286 short stories, the writer found that 101 stories are containing with apologizing, and these 101 short stories will be analyzed by the writer. The writer choose to analyze these 101 short stories because the writer found out that make apology or apologizing is important thing in life, more than that it is find to express our regret feeling because if
5 Jacob L. Mey. 2001. 2nd Edition. Pragmatics (An Introduction). Australia: Blackwell Publishing. p. 131.
we did not show our regret or apologize the others will misunderstanding. The writer choose O‟ Henry to be a person that write the short stories because the writer interested in the way O‟ Henry write his short stories and also his short stories also easy going to read and to understand by the reader and and to commemorate the name of O 'Henry for his work the award was launched with his name namely O‟ Henry Award. A prestigious award, given to the best short story writers after several years have been rejected the work of O. Henry.
B. Formulation of the Problem Based on the background of problems above, the writer makes the formulation of the problem, they are; 1. What are the apology expressions found in O Henry short stories? 2. What are the apology strategies used in O’ Henry short stories? 3. What are the reason using apology strategies in O‟ Henry short stories?
C. Limitation of the Problem In this research, the writer focuses on apology strategies in a short story by O' Henry. The writer limits her research from O' Henry‟s selected short stories which contain illocutionary act with apologizing expressions.
D. Purpose of the Problem Based on the problems of the research above, the writer has several purposes, those are: 1. To find out the apology expressions in O’ Henry short stories 2. To know the apology strategies used in O’ Henry short stories 3. To find out the reason of used of apology strategies in O’ Henry short stories
E. Significance of the Research The first is practical significant, it means that as practical significant it can help the writer and the readers. In this research, the writer would like to find out the apology strategies used in O‟ Henry short stories. The writer hopes this research is able to develop the writing ability and give additional information and knowledge to the writer. The second is theoretical significant, by the theories in this thesis, the writer hopes it can use for another researcher who wants to analyze this film with a different point of view. Furthermore, the writer hopes this research can contribute to the literary field, especially in the English Department faculty of Adab and Humanities the State of Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Syaifuddin Jambi.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Pragmatics 1. Definition of Pragmatics Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics study which focuses its study in the meaning of utterances. There are many definitions of pragmatics. Pragmatics can be usefully defined as the study of how utterances have meanings in the situation. It means that pragmatics concerns with the meaning of an utterance, in which the meaning depends on the situation where the utterance occurs6. Levinson defines that pragmatics is the study of the role of context, which plays in speaker‟s (utterances) meaning7. This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is said. It requires a consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with whom they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances. The modern usage of the term "Pragmatics" is the study of the relation between the linguistic form and the user of that form. It means that the relationship from some utterance. Pragmatic is also to know the meanings, aims or goal, and kind of the actions of people's utterances. Pragmatic is the study of speaker meaning in context. It means that a study focuses on the meaning context. Attributable to the philosopher George Yule or as known as Yule defines pragmatics as the study of contextual meaning. This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is
6 Trosborg, Anna. 1994. Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requests, Complaints, and Apologies. New York. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 105. 7 Levinson, Stephen C. 1983. Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 236.
said. It also requires a consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with whom they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances. According to Yule, pragmatics also explores how listeners can make inference about what is said in order to be understandable and interpretation of message intended by the speaker and explores how a great deal of what unsaid is recognized as part of what is communicated. Pragmatics, in linguistics and philosophy, the study of the use of natural language in communication; more generally, the study of the relations between languages and their users. It is sometimes defined in contrast with linguistic semantics, which can be described as the study of the rule systems that determine the literal meanings of linguistic expressions. Pragmatics is then the study of how both literal and nonliteral aspects of communicated linguistic meaning are determined by principles that refer to the physical or social context (broadly construed) in which language is used. Among these aspects are conversational and conventional “implicates” (e.g., “John has three sons” conversationally implicates that John has no more than three sons; “He was poor but honest” conventionally implicates an unspecified contrast between poverty and honesty). Other aspects include metaphor and other tropes and speech acts8. a. Speech Act Yule said that a speech act is an action performed via utterances9. Speech act is an utterance of speech that constitutes some sort of act. The utterances of some sentences must be treated as the performance of an action10. And there are three types of speech act, there are Locutionary, Perlocutionary and Illocutionary. And the one that will used by researcher is Illocutionary
8 https://e-resources.perpusnas.go.id:2143/levels/adults/article/pragmatics/473100. 9 George Yule. 1996. The Study of Language.. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10 Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with Word. London: Oxford University Press.
1. Illocutionary Act Yule defined Illocutionary acts are certain communicative purpose made by speaker or actions performed via communicative force of utterance, such as performing, apologizing, offering, and questioning. It is also called the act of doing something11. According to Searle in Yule, there are five types of Illocutionary Act:
2. Definition of Apology 1. Apologies Apologies play an important part in maintaining a human relationship. They help repair relationships when an offense has been committed and they show that the speaker recognizes that an offense has been committed and takes a degree of responsibility for it. Apology in Oxford dictionary described as "statement saying that you are sorry for having done wrong", it means apology is a feeling when we do something wrong or a failure.12 Apologies are expressive illocutionary acts, which can be differentiated from complaint, which are also expressive acts, by being convivial in nature. In the terminology of Leech, the act of apologizing is convivial speech act, the goal of which coincides with the social goal of maintaining harmony between speaker and hearer13. Meanwhile, Holmes considers apology as a speech act directed to the addressee‟s face need and intended to remedy an offense for which the speaker takes responsibility, and thus to restore equilibrium between the speaker and the addressee 14 . Olshtain also adds that apology as speech acts, which is intended to provide support for the hearer as far as he or she is affected by a
11 Geoffrey Leech. Principles of Pragmatic. p. 199. 12 Oxford Learner Pocket Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 4th edition. p. 17. 13 Geoffrey Leech. 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 115. 14 Janet Holmes. 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. UK. Longman Group. p. 201.
violation. She considers admission of fault and responsibility as an essential component of apology. Apology is a kind of remedial work which involves the splitting of the speaker‟s self into two parts, the one guilty of having offended the addressee, the other aligning him or herself with the addressee and with the violated norm. By apologizing, the speaker has also paid the debt created by his/her transgression, thus restoring the interactional balance15. Searle and Katz also state that apologies have the effect of paying the debt, thus compensating the victim for the harm done by the offense16. As a type of speech act, the apology has also been the object of numerous studies that attempted to clarify what exactly an apology is and how the different ways of apologizing can be classified, and also how this particular speech act is performed and perceived both in English and in different languages around the world. The following sections will give an overview of these issues. Just as in the case of speech acts, different scholars define apologies in different ways. Also as there are different types of speech acts, there are different types or categories of apologies, as well. Some of these categories overlap in the different studies, yet other ones are unique to certain studies, mostly according to the specific features of the different populations used. Apologies are complex because they can consist of one strategy or one of the combinations of two or more strategies. The choice of these strategies is influenced by a variety of factors. Apologizing can be difficult, because by apologizing, a speaker is taking a degree of responsibility, downgrading the speaker's face, humbling him or herself to some degree and conceding a mistake,
15 Brown, P. and S. Levinson. 1978. 'Universals of language usage: politeness phenomena' in E. Goody (ed.). Questions and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16 Tronsborg, Anna. 1995. Request, Complaint, and Apologies. New York: Mauton de Gruytar, p. 373.
but on the other hand, failing to apologize can threaten the hearer‟s face and possibly the relationship between the speaker and hearer.
Based on the definition above, it can be noted that an apology is conducted when the offender has committed an offensive act (action or utterance), which also means that it has violated social norms, by expressing regret and acknowledging responsibility for the undesirable effect of the act upon the offended party. Commonly, apologies are intended to remedy the offense. They are different from other convivial acts, such as thanking, congratulation or complaint, by their remedial function.
2. Apology Strategies To perform the act of apologizing, the offender who perceives the need to apologize should employ a certain strategy of apology. The strategies of apologizing is intended to maintain the relationship and at least reduce the offense to the offended. As we know, an apology can be performed in different ways, such as by using the relevant per formative verb, by using a direct way or an indirect one. Olshtain and Cohen distinguish five strategies for apologizing, two general strategies applicable in any situation, by using an illocutionary force indicating device (the formulaic, routinized forms of apology) and expressing the speaker's responsibility. In addition, there are three situation-specific strategies, namely an expression of an apology, an explanation or account of a situation, an acknowledgment of responsibility, and offer of repair, and a promise of forbearance. It is possible to combine some of the formulas or all of them. In most cases, actually just one of the formulas is sufficient to perform an apology, but often two or three are combined together.
An explanation in detail of each semantics formula by Olshtain and Cohen is: 1. An Expression of an Apology: a. An expression of regret, for example, "I am sorry" b. An offer of apology, for example, "I apologize"17 c. A request for forgiveness, for example, "Excuse me, Please forgive me or Pardon me”
In this formula, an apology is performed by the offender directly. They use an apology verb such as apologies, be sorry, forgive, excuse, or pardon. Even in the serious severity of the offense, the expression is added with the intensifiers such as terribly, so awfully, really, or I am terribly sorry, I am awful, sorry. Such expressions show the high intensity of apology18.
2. An explanation or account of the situation. An explanation or account of the situation is brought directly about the offense. It is offered in addition or in a subtraction of apology, for example: when a person is coming late for a meeting, she may say “the bus was delayed or I am sorry, there was a traffic jam”19.
3. An acknowledgment of responsibility. The speaker or the offender will choose an acknowledgment or account of responsibility only when she or he realizes to be responsible for the offense. This formula consists of four sub- formula; they can be described as follow: a. Accepting the blame, for example, It is my fault b. Expressing self-deficiency, for example, I was confused, I was not thinking or I did not see you.
17 Geoffrey Leech. The Pragmatics of Politeness. p. 116. 18 Geoffrey Leech. 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. New York. Oxford University Press. p. 116. 19 Geoffrey Leech. The Pragmatics of Politeness. p. 116.
c. Recognizing the other person as a deserving apology, for example, you are right. d. Expressing the lack of intent, for example, I did not mean to.
According to the Semantic Formula above, the first one is carried out directly and the other three are carried out indirectly20.
4. An offer of repair. An offer of repair would be relevant only if the offense results from physical injury or other damages, for instance: when someone broke one‟s vase, she might say “I will pay for the broken vase or I am sorry, please let me fix it for you”21.
5. A promise of forbearance. A promise of forbearance relates to a case, where the offender could avoid the offense but he/she does not do so. He or she probably repeats the offense. Here, the offender promises not to do again. For example, when someone has forgotten a meeting with a friend more than once, she can apologize by saying I am sorry for coming late, it will not happen again. What has already been taken above shows that the offenders realize the need apologize. They do not fail to take on responsibility22.
3. Reason Using Apology Strategies
Communicate are one of a think that people do every day and every time, and one of the way doing communicate are using language to show idea, perspective, even in oral or written, and when someone doing wrong thing, they have to apologize to the other, everything have reason to do, even with saying apologize when doing wrong,
20 Jacob L. Mey. Pragmatic (An Introduction). p. 117. 21 Jacob L. Mey. Pragmatic (An Introduction). P. 107. 22 Jacob L. Mey. Pragmatic (An Introduction). p. 107.
According to S. Kathleen Kitao and Kenji Kitao in their journal under title Apologies, Apology Strategies, and Apology Forms for Non- Apologies in a Spoken Corpus, there are ten (10) reason why using apology, they are:23 a. Getting attention: using apology forms to get another person‟s attention in order to get past them, to speak to them, etc. b. Irony: using an apology, sometimes including the per formative plus other apology strategies, to make some other point, often by making use of irony. This can often be recognized when the speaker apologizes for something that is obviously not his/her fault or something for which he/she is obviously not sorry. c. Expressing sympathy: using apology forms to express sympathy over some negative aspect of the interlocutor‟s experience. d. Expressing disbelief/surprise: using an apology form to show that one is surprised by or disbelieving of what the interlocutor has said. e. Interrupting: using apology forms when breaking in without waiting for the end of the interlocutor‟s turn. f. Expressing regret: using apology forms to express regret over a situation g. Indicating inability to hear/understand: using apology forms when the speaker has either not heard or understood what the interlocutor said. h. Introducing disagreement/correction: using apology forms when the speaker is about to disagree with the interlocutor. i. Excusing oneself: using apology forms when the speaker is going to leave, answer a telephone, wants the interlocutor to leave, etc. j. Joke: using an apology form as part of a joke.
23 S. Kathleen Kitao and Kenji Kitao, Apologies, Apology Strategies, and Apology Forms for Non Apologies in a Spoken Corpus, Journal of Culture and Information Science, 8（2）, 1- 13,（ March 2013）, p. 8-9.
4. Review of Related Research This research will explain about the short story from O‟ Henry and talking about the Apologize Strategy. There are some thesis which also analyze about the Apologize Strategy. One of the research entitled “The Analysis of Apologizing Expressions in the Novel Entitled “Where Love Was Lost” by Marilyn Lynch” by Tutik Handayani. The results of Handayani‟s research is here Handayani use a descriptive qualitative method and taken theory from Olshtain and Cohen. The writer found that there are 29 apologizing expressions in the analysis the novel, they are in indirect or direct speech, and the researcher found the word such as an apology, be sorry, forgive, excuse, or pardon. There are eight strategies of apology in the analysis. They are an expression of regret, an offer of apology, a request, an explanation, an accepting the blame, an expressing self-deficiency, an expression the lack and a promise of forbearance. In this analysis, the writer also finds simple and complex strategy used by the characters. A simple strategy of apology consists of one semantic formula, while a complex strategy of apology consists of more than one semantic formulas.
The second of related study from this thesis is a thesis under the title “an Analysis of Apology as a Politeness Strategy Expressed by the Characters in the film entitled “Chasing Liberty”” by Ruth Soesilawati. This research applied a socio-pragmatic approach since it deals with various social factors and their mutual interaction with languages, and it emphasizes on the relation between language meaning and context. Its scope of analysis is apology speech act. It is a descriptive qualitative research. It is a descriptive qualitative research since the data are in the form of sentences containing apology expressed by the characters in the film “Chasing Liberty”, and the
researcher uses the technique of collecting the data, analyzing them, and drawing the conclusion in conducting this research. This research uses Trosborg‟s apology strategies, Holmes‟ social dimensions of communication and kinds of offences finding, Hymes ethnography of communication with speaking formula, and also Brown and Levinson‟s theories of politeness as guiding theories. The results of her research is the kinds of offenses that motivate the characters in the film “Chasing Liberty” to deliver their apologies are infringement on space, infringement on talk, infringement on time, infringement on possession, social behavior offence, and instance of inconvenience. The characters in the film “Chasing Liberty” express their apologies with the simple and complex form of apology strategies. A simple form of apology strategies is the employing of one apology strategies, while a complex form of apology strategy is the employing of more than one apology strategies in apologizing. In apologizing, the characters employ direct and indirect form of apology strategies. The last one in related of review is the thesis under title “The Strategy of Apology used by the Characters in the “Stuart Little 2” Movie” by Suci Ratnasari. The objective of research is at finding out what strategies are used by the characters in expressing their apology in the “Stuart Little 2” movie, and to find out how the expressions of apology formally or grammatically realized. The research method of the research study is descriptive. The research design in this study was the content analysis which is applied the descriptive qualitative method. The subject of this research is “Stuart Little 2” movie. The data of this research were taken from the verbal and nonverbal as shown by the speakers to support their apology. The data collection of this research is documentary technique by obtaining the data from the movie scripts, notes or even pictures of the characters in “Stuart Little 2” Movie. The last, the data analysis of this research were based on Trosborg‟s theory of apology strategies.
The results of data analysis showed that the apology strategies that are used in the “Stuart Little 2” movie are acknowledgment of responsibility, explicit acceptance of the blame, expression of lack intent, explanation or account, explicit explanation, explicit acknowledgment, offer of repair, expression of apology, expression concern for hearer, minimizing offense, querying precondition, expression of regret and expression of self-deficiency. And there are five types of formal structure that triggered people in delivering their apologies and mostly the formal patterns including into the types of declarative sentence that give statement or information such as explanation. The similarities and differences between the writer research and the previous study research is first for the differences as can see that the other writer use novel and film as they object to analyze and also they are using verbal and nonverbal or direct and indirect, the other differences is the first writer also finds simple and complex strategy used by the characters. A simple strategy of apology consists of one semantic formula, while a complex strategy of apology consists of more than one semantic formulas. The similarities of the writer research and the other writer research is first because using same theory, the theory is from Trosborg that explain about acknowledgment of responsibility, explicit acceptance of the blame, expression of lack intent, explanation or account, explicit explanation, explicit acknowledgment, offer of repair, expression of apology, expression concern for hearer, minimizing offense, querying precondition, expression of regret and expression of self-deficiency.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research This research is qualitative research that employs the descriptive method. Sutisno Hadi states that research is considered as a descriptive method if the research just collects the data, analyzes the data and draws a conclusion without making a general conclusion. Meanwhile, qualitative research is a type of research concerning data reduction or collecting, classifying, and concluding. The data appear in the forms of words rather than a number. According to Furchan‟s book entitled Pengantar Metode Penelitian Kualitatif he said: “Metode Kualitatif Adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif…” it means qualitative research has research's procedure which results from descriptive data. Qualitative research found out the data from the phenomena of human lives. This research also used library research because the writer read the short stories and will take the data from written source such as books, cyber data and articles. Nyoman Kutha Ratna explained that: Metode kualitatif memberikan perhatian terhadap data alamiah, data dalam hubungannya dengan konteks keberadaannya. Cara-cara inilah yang mendorong metode kualitatif dianggap sebagai multi metode sebab penelitian pada gilirannya melibatkan sejumlah besar gejala social yang relevan. Dalam penelitian karya sastra, misalnya, akan dilibatkan pengarang, lingkungan social dimana pengarang berada, termasuk unsur-unsur kebudayaan.24
Based on the quotation above it means that the qualitative method involves a large number of relevant social phenomena in
24 Nyoman Kutha Ratna. 2004. Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Jogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. p. 47.
literature research. For example, will be involved the writer, social environment in which the writer is located, including the elements of culture in general. Thus, the qualitative method can also be called a multimethod. El Berg also stated that: “Qualitative procedures provide a means of accessing unquantifiable facts about the actual people researches observe and talk to or people represented by their personal traces (such as letters, photographs, newspaper accounts, diaries and so on). As a result, qualitative techniques allow the researcher to share in understanding and perceptions of others and to explore how people structure and give meaning to their daily lives. Researches using qualitative techniques examine how people learn about and make sense of themselves and others.”25
It means qualitative is used to examine how people learn and make sense. There is no counting, measuring or testing as what in a qualitative method. It implies an emphasis on processes and meaning purely. Therefore, the characteristic of qualitative research is relative and interpretative. Relative and interpretative mean the result of the research may behave different meaning. It depends on society's point of view and especially researcher because their minds are a difference to understand something. It is also called by contextual meaning. The data source of the research is the short story by O‟ Henry, in which the data are the dialogues used by the characters containing apology expressions. The sampling technique applied is purposive. It means that the data which are going to be analyzed are chosen purposively.
25 Berg L. Bruce. 2001. Qualitative Research Method for The Social Science, 4th Ed, United States of America: A Pearson Education Company. p. 7.
B. Source of Data The subject from the data get is called the source of data26. The data may appear in front of discourse, clauses, phrases, or words which can be obtained from magazines, newspaper, books, etc. The source of data in this research is a literary work from O' Henry that has been book under title Foreword by Harry Hansen, it is from O' Henry's short stories collection. The short stories consist of 286 stories that have been public on a book. Meanwhile, the data of this research are taken from the dialogues by the characters containing the apology expressions and the total of short stories that taken is 101 short stories. There are some considerations why the short stories from O' Henry are taken as the data source of the research: a. There are various apology expressions found on O’ Henry selected short stories b. Selected O' Henry short stories which contains apology expressions. c. The reason why using apology strategies in O‟ Henry short stories.
C. The Technique of Data Collection The technique of collecting data that will be applied in this research is the literature research. It is appropriate because in this research the way the researcher collected the data are from the sentence because the source of data is a short story. Here the technique that writer will use here a documentation technique, which documentation technique is concerned with evidence implies facts. Meaning, however, is constructed in the mind of the observer, even where facts are concerned. Paul Otlet considered that most authors were too wordy, that texts tended to be duplicative, and the print-on- paper bound book (codex) was an inefficient medium. Expressing an idea does not naturally fit line length or page size. He wanted to extract facts and ideas documents and to design a new and better form
26 Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1987. Prosedur Penelitian (Suatu Pendekatan Praktik). Jakarta: Bina Aksara. p. 162.
of "the book".27 The steps of collecting data in this research are as follows: 1. Reading the data The writer repeatedly reading the data from short stories to find out are there apologies word that contains in the short stories. 2. Choosing the data After the writer reading the whole short story then the writer chooses the data that want to research, and after reading 286 short stories from O' Henry, the writer choose 108 of them that on writer opinion containing apology strategies. 3. Marking the data The writer marking the words or sentence and all important statement information or dialogues which related to apology strategies. The writer reads the selected short stories by O' Henry‟s. The writer prints out the stories and marking on word that contains with apology strategies. 4. Making Notes After the writer reading, choosing and marking on the short story, where the writer will be making a note of short story after marking the word, the writer needs to make a note to know what to do next. 5. Identifying and Classifying the data After marking the words and dialogue in the short story, the writer classifying the data about the apology strategies in selected short stories by O‟ Henry.
D. The Technique of Data Analysis According to Paton in Maleong‟s book entitled Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Edisi Revisi that:
27 Hawken, William R. Full-size photocopying. New Brunswick: Graduate Library School Rutgers-the State University. the state of the library art, 5, at 3.
"Data analysis measures process the data's sequence, organizing in the design, category and a basic explanation. He classifies it by interpretation namely give significant meaning toward analysis result, explain the design points and find the correlations of each point."
In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis, descriptive analysis is the transformation of raw data into a form that will make them easy to understand and interpret; rearranging, ordering, and manipulating data to generate descriptive information. It is why the writer describes, analysis the data that will be found in the short stories by O' Henry to find the answer to the problem that has been formulated. The step of data analysis are: 1. Identifying the data The writer identifies the data which have a correlation with apology strategies and related to the theory on O‟ Henry short story. 2. Classifying the data The writer classifying the data based on the event that has a correlation to apology strategies on O' Henry short stories. 3. Analyzing, Describing and Explaining the data The writer analyzes, describes and explained the apology strategies and it is meaning in detail. 4. Making the Conclusion After all the data will be analyzing, describing and explaining in the research, the writer makes the conclusion of the research. The writer analyze 108 short stories and then describing the stories because the short stories contain with apology strategies and then explaining what the apology strategies found in that 108 short stories and after doing that all, the writer makes the conclusion from that steps.
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
A. The Apology Expressions
Based on the data, in this chapter the writer would like to analyze about apology strategies used in O' Henry short stories, the writer found the apology strategies in O' Henry's short stories that the data had been taken step by step.
Based on the data that were taken from the short story, the writer found on seven (7) expression of apology strategies in O' Henry short stories, there are 101 short stories from 286 short stories. The writer took the data from O' Henry's short stories compilation. The data have been taken step by step. The data could be seen in the appendix at the end of the thesis.
In this analysis, the writer found nine (9) expression, they are fifty nine (59) data indicated as expressions of sorry, ten (10) data indicated as expressions of apology, forty (40) data indicated as the expressions of pardon, two (2) data indicated as the expressions of fault, six (6) data indicated as the expressions of did not mean to, eleven (11) data indicated as the expressions forgive, eighteen (18) data indicated as the expressions of excuse me, three (3) data indicates as the expressions of I did not see, six (6) data indicates as the expressions of you are right. The theory of apology strategies by Olshtain and Cohen would be used in this thesis.
1. Sorry The sentence above is the example of apology expressions used in O‟ Henry‟s short stories. The general meaning of sorry is feeling sad and sympathetic, the term of sorry is something that you say to be polite when you have done something wrong, or when you cannot agree with someone or accept something. Let‟s see the data:
a. “I'm sorry we lose the ransom, but it was either that or Bill Driscoll to the madhouse” (Book 10: Whirligigs, The Ransom of Red Chief, p. 1150). b. I'm sorry to have delayed it, but it's best for both of us to have it a little late and a good deal better. (Book 9: Poems, An Early Parable, p. 1087) c. He will tell you when the catacombs were made, how they found out the names of the stars, and why the plover has a long bill. The meaning and the form of poetry is to him as intelligent as the baa of a sheep is to you. I will give you a letter to him, and you shall take him your poems and let him read them. Then you will know if you shall write more, or give your attention to your wife and business/* "Write the letter," said David. "I am sorry you did not speak of this sooner/' (Book 4: Roads Of Destiny, Roads of Destiny, p. 370) d. "Sorry we couldn't make it sooner, Jimmy, me boy/' said Mike. “But we had that protest from Springfield to buck against, and the governor nearly balked. Feeling all right?" (Book 4: Roads Of Destiny, A Retrieve Reformation, p. 439)
2. Apology Something you say or write to say that you are sorry about something you have done or an act of saying that you are sorry for something wrong you have done. a. "I've dropped a ring," he apologized, as he climbed out. "It was my mother's, and I'd hate to lose it. I won't detain you a minute I saw where it fell." (Book 1: The Four Million, Mammon, and The Archer, p. 56) b. He managed to convey the idea that he wished to congratulate the hose-cart driver on his recovery and to apologize for having
caused the accident. (Book 12: The Trimmed Lamp, The Foreign Policy of Company 99, p. 1431) c. After the more drastic remedies, we gave him citrate of caffeine infrequent doses and strong coffee, and walked him up and down the floor between two of us. Old Gales pinched him and slapped his face and worked hard for the big check he could see in the distance. The young MJD. From the next floor gave Tom a most hearty, rousing kick, and then apologized to me. (Book 7: Sixes and Sevens, At Arms with Morpheus, p. 851) d. The second day after Byrnes's reappearance came Demetre Svangvsk, the unidentified, to the engine-house, with a broader grin than ever. He managed to convey the idea that he wished to congratulate the hose-cart driver on his recovery and to apologize for having caused the accident. (Book 12: The Trimmed Lamp, The Foreign Policy of Company 99, p. 1432)
3. Pardon
To forgive someone for something they have said or done. This word is often used in polite expressions, a polite way of asking someone to repeat what they have just said.
a. "Ah!" cried the voice above. "Ten thousand pardons, my lord. I did not know the hour is so late at once shall the door be opened, and the house placed at my lord's disposal." (Book 4: Roads of Destiny, Roads Of Destiny, p. 357) b. "I beg your pardon, Florence," he said, releasing her hand; "but I'll have to hedge on part of what I said. I can't ask you to marry me, of course. (Book 10: Whirligigs, The World and the Door, p. 1098). c. "That decanter is exactly like the one that John W. Gates always sets out during an interview." "Pardon me," said General Ludlow, "for forgetting hospitality in the excitement of my
narrative. Help yourself” "Here's looking at you," said the reporter. (Book 7: Sixes and Sevens, The Diamond of Kali, p.933) d. "Beg pardon/' she said, "For butting into what's not my business, but if you peel them potatoes you lose out. They're new Bermuda‟s, you want to scrape them. Let me show you." (Book 6: Options, The Third Ingredient, p. 691)
4. Fault A mistake, especially something for which you are to blame, If something bad that has happened is someone's fault, they are responsible for it. a. "I'm very sorry," said Richard, as he resumed his seat, "but it looks as if we are stuck. They won't get this jumble loosened up in an hour. It was my fault. If I hadn't dropped the ring we "Let me see the ring," said Miss Lantry. (Book 1: The Four Million, Mammon, and the Archer, p. 56). b. 'It was my fault,' says I. 'I came here for the same reason myself. Look at the lights, Norah,' I say, turning my back to the sea ain't they pretty? (Book 7: Sixes and Sevens, The Greater Coney, p. 914).
5. Did Not Mean To a. Down there in the swamps we saw a little log house on a small knoll of high ground. The bottom grass and the chaparral and the lonesome timber crowded all around it, it seemed to be a melancholy little house, and you felt sorry for it 'I was that house for the night, the way I reasoned it. I explained to Mame, and she leaves it to me to decide. She doesn't become galvanic and prosecuting, as most women would, but she says it's all right; she knows I didn't mean to do it. (Book 2: Heart of the West, Cupid A La Carte, p. 198).
b. "I was only funning," says he, sullenly. "I didn't mean to hurt Old Hank. But what did he hit me for? I'll behave, Snake-eye, if you won't send me home, and if you'll let me play the Black Scout to-day.” (Book 10: Whirligigs, The Ransom of Red Chief, p. 1148). c. "If you have the slightest regard for my wishes," said the girl, firmly, "You will remain at this bench for ten minutes after I have left. I do not mean to accuse you, but you are probably aware that autos generally bear the monogram of their owner. Again, goodnight." (Book 11: A Lickpenny Lover, While the Auto Waits, p. 1281) d. "The Yellow jackets' play the 'Long Islands.* I'm cap'n of the 'Long Islands/" "I guess I didn't mean to say you were ragged," said Haywood. "But you are dirty, you know." (Book 10: Whirligigs, Sociology in Serge and Straw, p. 1142).
6. Forgive To stop blaming or being angry with someone for something that person has done, or not punish them for something, to decide not to be angry with someone or not to punish them for something they have done. a. And then he said: "Helen, do you not remember me? I think I have seen it in your eyes. Can you forgive the past and remember the love that has lasted for twenty years? I wronged you deeply I was afraid to come back to you but my love overpowered my reason. Can you, will you, forgive me?” (Book 13: Strictly Business, The Thing’s the Play, p. 1542). b. "Please forgive me, Mr. Givens, won't you? I'm only a girl, you know, and I was frightened at first. I'm very, very sorry I shot Bill. (Book 2: Heart of the West, The Princess and the Puma, p. 236).
c. The music and the musician called her, and at her side honor and the old love held her back. "Forgive me," he pleaded. "Twenty years is a long time to remain away from the one you say you love," she declared, with a purgatorial touch. "How could I tell?" he begged. "I will conceal nothing from you. That night when he left I followed him. I was mad with jealousy. On a dark street I struck him down. He did not rise. I examined him. His head had struck a stone. I did not intend to kill him. I was made with love and jealousy. I hid nearby and saw an ambulance take him away. Although you married him, Helen" (Book 13: Strictly Business, The Thing's the Play, P. 1543). d. She cast herself, wildly sobbing, upon his breast. "Better than life than truth itself than everything." "And my own past," said Lorison, with a note of solicitude "can you forgive and" "I answered you that," she whispered, "When I told you I loved you." She leaned away and looked thoughtfully at him. "If I had not told you about myself, would you have would you" (Book 10: Whirligigs, Blind Man's Holiday, P. 1227).
7. Excuse Me To forgive someone for something that is not very serious, in Oxford Dictionary said that excuse me as a word that used as an apology when you interrupt or disagree. a. "I've got it now," he said, cordially. "It was just a little mistake. You aren‟t any O'Sullivan. You are a ring-tailed monkey. Excuse us for not recognizing you at first." (Book 1: The Four Millions, The Coming Out of Maggie, p. 32). b. I met a man last night that's got a sure winner at the race-track to-morrow. Excuse me for being so impolite as to go asleep, Mr. Peters” (Book 3: The Gentler Grafter, Innocents of Broadway, p. 309).
c. A fellow feels it's something like that blamed art of yours he well, I tore that photograph up and laid the pieces on that stack of money and shoved the whole business back across the table. 'Excuse me, Mr. Losada,' I said, 'but I guess I've made a mistake in the price. You get the photo for nothing.' Now, Carry, you get out the pencil, and well do some more figuring. I'd like to save enough out of our capital for you to have some fried sausages in your joint when you get back to New York." (Book 6: Options, The Rose of Dixie, P. 685). d. "Stranger," said he, "excuse me for troubling you, but do you know anybody in this here town named Solomon Smothers? He's my son, and I've come down from Ellenville to visit him. Be darned if I know what I have done with his street and number." (Book 12: The Trimmed Lamp, The Assessor of Success, P. 1394).
B. The Apology Strategies In performing the act of apologizing, the offender needs to employ certain strategies of apology. The act of apology is uttered in order to maintain a good relationship between participants. It may be performed directly by means of an explicit apology utilizing one of the verbs directly signaling apology (apologize, be sorry, excuse, etc.), or it can be done indirectly by taking on responsibility or giving explanations. And to analyze the words of apology used in the short story by O 'Henry, the writer uses the theory of Olshtain and Cohen which has been divided into five (5) things, they are: 1. An Expression of Apology a. An expression of regret The writer reading the short stories by O' Henry to look for the expression of apology that can be found in the short stories, and after reading the short stories the writer found the expressions of
apology strategies in total 155 data, and the data for expression of regret in these apology strategies the writer found fifty-eight (58) from 49/108 short stories.
1. Sorry This conversation took place during lunch hour when Mr. McCaskey was going to lunch, but the wife was stunned by a small child who was lost outside the house, so the husband's lunch was too late.
“Jawn," said Mrs. McCaskey, softly, "I'm sorry I was hasty wid ye." "Twas hasty pudding ', as ye say," said her husband, "and hurry-up turnips and get-a-move-on-ye coffee. Twas what you could call a quick lunch, all right, and tell no lie. " Mrs. McCaskey slipped her arm inside her husband's and took his rough hand in hers. (Book 1: The Four Million, Between Rounds, p. 18)
The utterance in the data above is an utterance that contains the expressive meaning of regret directly. With the words "I'm sorry" the speaker (Mrs. McCaskey) apologizes to the speech partner or interlocutor in this situation is her husband, the speaker says in a sorry tone, the utterance refers to the speaker's acknowledgment of the mistake of being late giving lunch to her husband, the speaker responsible for apologizing to her husband by acknowledging his mistakes and expressing regret.
The second data is in this conversation takes place at the campsite, there is a girl named Josefa who accidentally shoots a pet belonging to Givens named Bill because he is shocked at the animal that suddenly comes and jumps at her.
"Please forgive me, Mr. Givens, won't you? I'm only a girl, you know, and I was frightened at first. I'm very, very sorry I shot Bill. You don't know how
ashamed I feel. I wouldn't have done it for anything." (Book 2: Heart of The West, The Princess, and The Puma, p. 236)
Based on the utterance above "I am very, very sorry I shot Bill" the speaker (Josefa) apologizes to Givens. Speech in data 2 above, said the speaker to apologize directly. The speech was remorsefully for having accidentally shot Givens' pet who came suddenly and jumped high at her, through which the speaker apologized and expressed her regret for the real reason.
The third data of expressing regret is, the conversation took place on the ship between the captain of the ship and a Yale resident named Dicky Maloney who was passing through prison and seeing all the unpleasant things.
The Vesuvius Fruit Company had a habit of doing things that way in Anchuria. "I am exceedingly sorry exceedingly sorry," said the captain, "to see this occur. I place myself at your service, Mr. Maloney. What you need shall be furnished. Whatever you say shall be done." (Book 5: Cabbages and Kings, Dicky (Double), p. 663).
From the conversation above the captain of the ship apologized to Mr. Maloney because he feels sorry for bringing Mr. Maloney passed through a prison that was so dirty and despicable, the captain of the ship apologized by saying "I am exceedingly sorry exceedingly sorry", the captain of the ship apologized profusely and repeatedly which indicated he was very sorry with the incident.
Background of this fourth data in the form of a regretful conversation is a theatre where there is a conversation between the mayor Talbot and an actor named Hargraves who talks about the secret history of Colonel Calhoun which he knows but Mr. Hargraves tells this to the public and gets popularity and Mr. Major
feels insulted and eliminated. his belief because the story that should not have spread because the truth is not yet known finally spread through Mr. Hargraves.
The actor appeared to be slightly bewildered and seemed hardly to take in the full meaning of the old gentleman's words. "I am truly sorry you took offence," he said, regretfully. "Up here we don't look at things just as you people do. I know men who would buy out half the house to have their personality put on the stage so the public would recognize it." (Book 7: Sixes and Sevens, The Duplicity of Hargraves, p. 877).
In the conversation above Mr. Hargraves feel sorry for having made major Talbot offended by his behavior which he considers true but in reality in the eyes of Major Talbot it is wrong, Mr. Hargraves showed an expression of remorse for what he had done by saying I am truly sorry you took offence, "
b. An Offer of Apology For example, "I apologize"28 The writer looking for the data about an offered apology, ad after reading the data, the writer found ten (10) utterances about saying apology.
1. Apology This conversation took place in a bar between Mr. Seeders and Ms. Tildy, in this conversation Mr. Seeders made an apology (asking for apologies) to Miss Tildy because the night before (Mr. Seeders) was drunk and messed up the bar.
Mr. Seeders was flushed and embarrassed. He plunged one hand into his hip pocket and the other into a fresh pumpkin pie.
28 Geoffrey Leech. The Pragmatics of Politeness. p. 116.
"Miss Tildy," said he, "I want to apologize for what I done the other evening'. Tell you the truth, I was pretty well tanked up or I wouldn't have done it. I wouldn't do no lady that-a-way when I was sober. So I hope, Miss Tildy, you'll accept my 'apology, and believe that I wouldn't of done it if I'd known what I was doing' and hadn't of been drunk." (Book 1: The Four Million, The Brief Debut of Tildy, p. 107.)
Speeches on the data underlined are utterances that contain the meaning of the offer of apology in the dialog above the speaker asking for an apology to the speech partner for the mistakes he has made. The incident at the bar caused the place to fall apart and the speaker felt ashamed and guilty towards the speech partner. The apologetic utterances occur directly by explaining his guilt.
This second data conversation was taken at a restaurant or bar called the Gold Front Restaurant at eleven o'clock in the evening where a number of higher-ups gathered, there was Benton Sharp and two other men who were gathered and excited, when Mr. Standifer came and tried to sit next to Sharp and tried to joke by hanging his coat behind Sharp (wall) but instead fell on Sharp's head. Going over to the same side where sharp was, Mr. Standifer prepared to take a seat at the next table. In hanging his hat upon one of the hooks along the wall he let it fall upon Sharp's head. Sharp turned, being in an especially ugly humor, and cursed the other roundly. Mr. Standifer apologized calmly for the accident, but Sharp continued his vituperations. Mr. Standifer was observed to draw near and speak a few sentences to the desperado in so -low a tone that no one else caught the words. Sharp spra&g up, wild with rage. In the meantime Mr. Standifer had stepped some yards away, and was standing quietly with his arms folded across the breast of his loosely hanging coat* (Book 4: Roads of Destiny, A Departmental Case, p. 495)
Speech in the data above "apologized" is a speech spoken by the speaker (Mr. Standifer) indirectly to the speech partner (Sharp), said "Mr. The apologized Standifer ”is a form of strategies and an offer of apology because here the speaker feels guilty because he has joked excessively to the speech partner, showing his guilt.
This conversation was set in the second-floor room between Ives and Honoria when they saw the candy seller on the floor below and decided to buy the candy when he saw a candy seller with a different appearance than for some reason Honoria remembered an old portfolio. "This," said Honoria, inflexibly, "was wrapped about the first one we opened." "It was a year ago," apologized Ives, as he held out his hand for it* "As long as skies above are blue. To you, my love, I will be true." (Nemesis and Candy Man, p. 1304)
In the conversation above when Honoria remembered a portfolio that was on an open table and then showed it to Ives who was welcomed by Ives with the phrase "It was a year ago," which signifies that Ives apologized because the portfolio was obsolete for years.
The conversation below took place in the dormitory when Mrs. McCaskey was waiting for her husband, who then Mr.McCaskey, who was going up the stairs, piled up the stone on the ladder to make the ladder better so that his wife would not get angry. In one of the second-floor front windows, Mrs. McCaskey awaited her husband. Supper was cooling on the table. Its heat went into Mrs. McCaskey. At nine McCaskey came. He carried his coat on his arm and his pipe in his teeth; and he apologized for disturbing the boarders on the steps as he selected spots of stone between them on which to set his size 9, width Ds. As he opened the door of his room he received a surprise. Instead of the usual stove-lid or potato-masher for him to dodge, came only words.
Mr. McCaskey reckoned that the benign May moon had softened the breast of his spouse. (Book 1: The Four Million, Between Rounds, p. 15) Mr. McCaskey said an apology to the occupants of the hostel who might be disturbed by the stones piled up on the stairs. McCaskey apologized by saying that. c. A Request For Forgiveness For example, "Excuse me, please forgive me or Pardon me” The writer looking for the data about a request of forgiveness it includes excuse me, please forgive me and pardon me. After reading the short stories the writer found sixty-nine (69) in total expression of a request for forgiveness, for detail seventeen (17) data for expression excuse me, eleven (11) data for expression please forgive me, and forty-one (41) data for expression pardon.
1. Excuse Me The conversation below took place in a home or workspace when Mr. Jeff Peters had just come home and was chatting with Andy, and at that moment Andy suggested Mr. Jeff Peters rest and apologize for falling asleep.
'Been having a glorious time, Mr. Peters/ says he. 'Took in all the sights. I tell you New York is the onliest only. Now if you don't mind/ says he, 111 lie down on that couch and doze off for about nine minutes before Mr. Tucker comes. I'm not used to being up all night. And tomorrow, if you don't mind, Mr. Peters, 111 take that five thousand. I met a man last night that's got a sure winner at the race-track tomorrow. Excuse me for being so impolite as to go asleep, Mr. Peters” (Book 3: The Gentle Grafter, Innocents of Broadway, p. 309)
The speech above occurs the words excuse me by the speaker (Andy) to the speech partner (Mr. Jeff Peters). The statement was expressed because he felt guilty of falling asleep when Mr. Jeff Peters home. It is clear here that excuse me's speech indicates the
speaker apologizes and this speech is included in a request for forgiveness.
The second data of expressing excuse me is in this conversation, the background of this conversation occurred in the forest when John Tom met a small child who was wandering around the forest in a state of time almost at night, and at that moment the child suddenly came out of the forest and exploded firecrackers that almost hit John Tom.
"The kid thought for a minute. *I guess I made a mistake/ he says. I ought to have gone farther west. They find them wild out there in the canons.' He holds out his hand to John Tom, the little rascal. Please excuse me, sir/ says he, 'for shooting at you. I hope it didn't hurt you. But you ought to be more careful. (Book 8: Rolling Stones, The Atavism of John Tom Little Bear, p. 960.)
Speeches on the data above underlined "excuse me" are utterances that contain the meaning of a request for forgiveness, in the data above the speaker says the expression of apologizing to the speech partner, John Tom. This incident occurred in the forest and alongside the river when John Tom was in his Indian costume and was surprised when suddenly the little boy appeared from behind the bushes while popping firecrackers, after a while chatting with John Tom the little boy apologized to John Tom because worried if the firecrackers hit or hurt John Tom. These apologetic remarks occur directly.
The conversation from the third data is set in a gladiator when Mr. O 'Sullivan and Dempsey talked about Mr. O 'Sullivan, who turned out to be a con artist who was not realized by Dempsey. Dempsey's eye brightened. He held up an inspired forefinger as though a brilliant idea had struck him.
"I've got it now," he said, cordially. "It was just a little mistake. You ain't no O'Sullivan. You are a ring-tailed monkey. Excuse us for not recognizing you at first." O'Sullivan's eye flashed. He made a quick movement, but Andy Geoghan was ready and caught his arm. (Book 1: The Four Million, The Coming-Out of Maggie, p. 32)
The conversation above revealed the speaker saying the word sorry in the form of "excuse" which in that situation the speaker namely Dempsey did not recognize O 'Sullivan.
The conversation in this data was set in the night under the night sky with the moonlight sitting under a shady tree with the air rustling and there was a conversation between Mrs. Jessuf and Mr. Hicks when they have to wait for someone. "'Oh, Mr. Hicks/ says she, 'when one is alone in the world, don't they feel it more aggravated on a beautiful night like this?' "I rose up off the bench at once. "'Excuse me, ma'am,' says I, 'but Til have to wait till Paisley comes before I can give an audible hearing to leading questions like that,' (Book 2: Heart of The West, Telemachus, Friend, p. 126).
Mr. Hicks expressed his apologies directly to Mrs. Jessuf, who at that time had to wait for someone else by saying "'Excuse me, ma'am,' says I, 'but Til has to wait till Paisley comes before I can give an audible hearing to leading questions like that,' shows. use the word excuse me to apologize.
2. Forgive
This conversation took place at Helen's house while she was sitting in her rocking chair knitting the threads when a man came and talked with Helen.
In an hour entered the mysterious stranger with the haunting eyes. Helen was in the willow rocker,
knitting a useless thing in cotton wool. He ricocheted from the stairs and stopped for a chat. Sitting across the table from her, he also poured out his narrative of love. And then he said: "Helen, do you not remember me? I think I have seen it in your eyes. Can you forgive the past and remember the love that has lasted for twenty years? I wronged you deeply I was afraid to come back to you but my love overpowered my reason. Can you, will you, forgive me?" Helen stood up. The mysterious stranger held one of her hands in a strong and trembling clasp. There she stood, and I pity the stage that it has not acquired a scene like that and her emotions to portray. (Book 13: Strictly Business, The Thing's the Play, p. 1542).
In the conversation above, the speaker said the expression of apologizing to Helen for having made a mistake and wanting to correct everything, and can be seen from the phrase "can you forgive me?" In this conversation the speaker says apologies twice because the speaker wants to get an apology from the speech partner, indicating he needs the apology.
The second data. This incident occurred at Maggie's house when he chatted with Andy about their relationship. in this incident Maggie cried and said to Andy that yes it is true that Maggie is not like other girls who have men or boyfriends and tells everyone about her boyfriend, but Maggie feels ashamed of having lied and fabricated stories about things that were actually not had happened, and Maggie felt ashamed of Andy for what she had done.
But instead of being pushed away, she found Andy's arm folding her closer. She looked up and saw his face cleared and smiling. "Could you could you forgive me, Andy?" "Sure," said Andy. "It's all right about that. Back to the cemetery for the Count. You've straightened everything out, Maggie. I was in hopes you would before the wedding-day, Bully girl!"
"Andy," said Maggie, with a somewhat shy smile, after she had been thoroughly assured of forgiveness, "did you believe all that story about the Count?" "Well, not to any large extent," said Andy, reaching for his cigar-case; "because it's Big Mike Sullivan's picture you've got in that locket of yours." (Book 12: The Trimmed Lamp, The Count, and the Wedding Guest, p. 1464).
In the conversation above the speaker, Maggie said "can you forgive me, Andy?" In this conversation, the speaker (Maggie) was truly sorry for what he had done in the past. Here the speaker expects the partner (Andy) to forgive him for what he has done. In this conversation the speaker is sorry and asks the speech partner to forgive his actions, after being forgiven, the speaker feels relieved and calm.
Speaking of what happened between Vivianne and Claude who were sitting together in her house, Viviane apologized to Claude for eating too much ice cream because only realized that Claude was no longer a millionaire. "Darling," she murmured, half sobbingly, as the moonlight drifted through the open window, glorifying her sweet, upturned face, "I know I done wrong. I will never touch ice cream again. I forgot you were not a millionaire. I used to go there every day. But today I felt some strange, sad presentiment of evil, and I was not myself. I ate only eleven saucers." "Say no more," said Claude, gently, as he fondly caressed her waving curls. "And you are sure that you fully forgive me?" asked Vivien, gazing at him entreatingly with dewy eyes of heavenly blue. "Almost sure, little one," answered Claude, stooping and lightly touching her snowy forehead with his lips. "I'll let you know later on. I've got a month‟s salary down on Vanilla to win the three-year old steeplechase to-morrow, and if the ice-cream hunch is to the good you are It again-see?" (Book 10: Whirligigs, Suite Homes and Their Romance, p. 1165).
"And you are sure that you fully forgive me?" the sentence Vivianne said to Claude shows the offer for forgiveness used by Vivianne directly conveyed to the other person.
The conversation that took place between two people who had not met for a long time told about the past of the speaker who at that time left the speech partner just for the sake of money.
"I am stopping at the inn,*' said Edith, in low but clear tones. "I heard of you there. I told myself that I must see you. I want to ask for your forgiveness. I sold my happiness for money. There were others to be provided for but that does not excuse me. I just wanted to see you and ask your forgiveness. You have lived here ten years,, they tell me, cherishing my memory! I was blind, Hampton. I could not see then that all the money in the world cannot weigh in the scales against a faithful heart. If But it is too late now, of course." (Book 6: Options, To Him Who Waits, p. 744). Speakers express the word sorry by saying I just want to see you and ask your forgiveness, showing that the speaker is sorry for what he has done in the past and wants the speech partner to forgive him.
3. Pardon This conversation takes place in a small plantation with two ponies ridden by Mr. Ferguson and Ms. Conant Florence, when they talked about their relationship, at that time Ferguson said that they could not marry because Ferguson was a fugitive who had killed someone in New York "I beg your pardon, Florence," he said, releasing her hand; "but I'll have to hedge on part of what I said. I can't ask you to marry me, of course. I killed a man in New York a man who was my friend shot him down in quite a cowardly manner, I understand. Of course, the drinking didn't excuse it. Well, I
couldn't resist having my say; and I'll always mean it. I'm here as a fugitive from justice, and I suppose that ends our acquaintance." (Book 10: The Whirligigs, The World and the Door, p. 1098.)
In the conversation above the speaker, Mr. Ferguson said the phrase "I beg your pardon". Mr. Ferguson said the utterance because he wanted to apologize to Ms. Florence because they could not marry because he was a fugitive. In the statement Ferguson revealed this directly and felt sorry for what had been passed by Ms. Florence.
Second. The setting of this conversation at night and in front of an inn, when the voice of a man calling the inn's host to open the inn's door, but unfortunately because it was too late the host did not receive any more guests and asked the man left his inn.
"Who are ye that disturb honest folk at this time of night? My house is closed. This too late for profitable travelers to be abroad. Cease knocking at my door, and be off." "Open!" spluttered the postilion, loudly; "open for Monseigneur the Marquis de Beaupertuys." "Ah!" cried the voice above. "Ten thousand pardons, my lord. I did not know the hour is so late at once shall the door be opened, and the house placed at my lord's disposal." (Book 4: Roads of Destiny, Roads of Destiny, p. 357.)
The conversation above shows that the speaker apologizes to the speech partner, an innkeeper, in a conversation that reads "Ten thousand pardons, my lord" which shows that the speaker asks for forgiveness from the speech partner and asks that the speech partner can forgive him. In this case, the speaker uses a request for forgiveness.
The conversation in the data when this happened between potato girl and Hetty when they were talking about business.
Hetty addressed her in the punctiliously formal tone of one who intends to be cheerfully familiar with you in the second round. "Beg pardon/' she said, "For butting into what's not my business, but if you peel them potatoes you lose out. They're new Bermudas, You want to scrape 'em. Lemme show you." She took a potato and the knife, and began to demonstrate. (Book 6: Options, The Third Ingredient, p. 691). Hetty as a speaker expressed her apology for having entered the business world which she had not previously been.
Tells about a young child and a Mr. Cleveland when the young kid was joking about Mr. privacy Cleveland makes Mr. Cleveland said that his privacy was not for the public. "Young man," said Mr. Cleveland, sternly, "you are going a little too far. My private affairs do not concern the public." I begged his pardon, and he recovered his good humor in a moment. "You Texans have a great representative in Senator Mills," he said. "I think the greatest two speeches I ever heard were his address before the Senate advocating the removal of the tariff on salt and increasing it on the chloride of sodium." (Book 8: Rolling Stones, A Snapshoot at the President, p. 1029) The speaker, that young man, conveyed his apology by saying I beg your pardon to the speech partner Cleveland which shows here the speaker wants to be forgiven by the speech partner.
2. An Explanation or Account of the Situation. An explanation or account of the situation is brought directly about the offense. It is offered in addition or subtraction of apology, for example: when a person is coming late for a meeting, she may say “the bus was delayed or I am sorry, there was a traffic jam”29. Conversations between these occur in the morning between Mr. Hanskin and Johnny who talked about marrying someone and how much money had to be provided, when they set a day to meet someone,
29 Geoffrey Leech. The Pragmatics of Politeness. P.116
and set him to meet on Friday but Johnny couldn't because he had his schedule. What's the matter with it? Why it isn't money what? Columbian half well, this isn‟t South America . . . Yes, I like the mixed best Friday? awfully sorry, but I take my jiu-jitsu lesson on Friday Thursday, then . . . Thanks that's sixteen times I've been told that this morning I guess I must be beautiful . . . Cut that out, please who do you think I am? . . . Why, Mr. Westbrook do you really think so? The idea! One~- eighty and twenty's a dollar thank you ever so. (Book 13: Strictly Business, The Girl and the Habit, p. 1595.)
In the conversation above the speaker, Johnny said "awfully sorry, but I take my jiu-jitsu lesson on Friday Thursday" to the speech partner, Mr. Hanskin. Here the speaker mentions an apology and states the reason why he cannot follow Mr. Hanskin. Here the speaker uses an explanation or account of the situation, which is to apologize as well as convey the situation in which he passes.
The conversation between Azalia and a man who had invited her to drink tea at her home, but apologized for the situation at that time the tea supplier was not available so the tea invitation had to be canceled by saying to Azalea I am sorry to have to respond to my invitation to tea, shows that the speaker is the man feels sorry for having canceled something for a reason and explaining the situation. Azalea Adair rose without surprise or emotion and disappeared. For two minutes I heard the hoarse rumble of the man's voice; then something like an oath and a slight scuffle, and she returned calmly to her chair. "This is a roomy house/ she said, "and I have a tenant for part of it. I am sorry to have to rescind my invitation to tea. It is impossible to get the kind I always use at the store. Perhaps to-morrow Mr. Baker will be able to supply me." (Book 13: Strictly Business, A Municipal Report, p. 1561).
A conversation between the host of an inn and a traveler that takes place in front of the inn, at which time the traveler wants to stay overnight but is not permitted by the host, and the traveler says sorry by explaining the situation that he did not know if it was late at night and he asked the owner The house opens the door because the traveler has no other purpose, here shows that the speaker, ie the traveler apologizes by explaining the situation he is experiencing. "Who are ye that disturb honest folk at this time of night? My house is closed. This too late for profitable travelers to be abroad. Cease knocking at my door, and be off." "Open!" spluttered the postilion, loudly; "open for Monseigneur the Marquis de Beaupertuys." "Ah!" cried the voice above. "Ten thousand pardons, my lord. I did not know the hour is so late at once shall the door be opened, and the house placed at my lord's disposal." (Roads of Destiny, p. 357).
3. An Acknowledgment of Responsibility. The speaker or the offender will choose an acknowledgment or account of responsibility only when she or he realizes to be responsible for the offense. This formula consists of four sub-formula; they can be described as follow: a. Accepting The Blame For example, it is my fault 1. Fault The conversation below is set in a taxi car on a very congested New York Street when two people are chatting, Ms. Lantry and Richard. New York street conditions are so crowded and crowded that their cars are trapped, and cannot get out of the traffic at least in the next hour so that they will be late in the engagement event.
"I'm very sorry," said Richard, as he resumed his seat, "but it looks as if we are stuck. They won't get this jumble loosened up in an hour. It was my fault.
If I hadn't dropped the ring we ""Let me see the ring," said Miss Lantry. "Now that it can't be helped, I don't care. I think theatres are stupid, anyway." At 11 o'clock that night somebody tapped lightly on Anthony Rockwall's door.30 The conversation above explains that the speaker, Richard, feels sorry and guilty for having removed the engagement ring, which causes them to be stuck in traffic because they have to buy another ring. In this conversation, Richard said "It was my fault. If I hadn't dropped the ring" which indicates he was sorry and admitted his mistake because he had dropped and removed the ring.
The conversation that took place between Norah and Denny who was discussing going to the festival at the time and Norah said I hated you, Denny, because here Norah was waiting for Denny while father, mother, and sister were gone, then Norah apologized for the words that were said earlier, but Denny said this was her fault. Here shows that Denny accepts if Norah blames him by saying "It was my fault".
'I despise it, Denny/ she says, half crying' 'Mother and Uncle Tim went to see the shows, but I came down here to think of you. I couldn't bear the lights and the crowd. Are you forgiving' me, Denny, for the words we had?'" 'it was my fault,' says I. 'I came here for the same reason myself. Look at the lights, Norah,' I says, turning my back to the sea ain't they pretty?* (Book 7: Sixes and Sevens, The Greater Coney, p. 914).
30 Book 1: The Four Million, Mammon and the Archer, Page. 56
b. Recognizing The Other Person As A Deserving Apology For example, you are right. 1. You Are Right This conversation occurs between the doctor and a patient who is being consulted about what he is going through.
I was a hundred yards away before my doctor overtook me. "What's the matter?" he asked. "The matter is," said I, "that there are no airplanes handy. So I am going to merrily and hastily jog the foot-pathway to the yon station and catch the first unlimited-soft-coal express back to town." "Well," said the doctor, "perhaps you are right. This seems hardly a suitable place for you. But what you need is rest absolute rest and exercise." That night I went to a hotel in the city and said to the clerk: 'What I need is absolute rest and exercise. Can you give me a room with one of those tall folding beds in it, and a relay of bellboys to work it up and down while I rest?" (Book 7: Sixes and Sevens, Let Me Feel Your Pulse, p. 883.)
The conversation above the speaker says "You are right" to justify the words of the interlocutor, in this conversation the speaker says it indicates recognizing the other person as a deserving apology.
a conversation between a man and Murkison who talked about a business that initially Murkison did not believe what the boy said, but later Murkison realized that the boy's words were true by saying "," I know you are right or I wouldn‟t 't confide in you. " here shows the sentence Murkison uses Recognizing the other person as a deserving apology with the thread you are right. 'Lots of good men get 'em, says Andy. If you don't answer the first letter they let you drop. If you answer it they write again asking you to come on with your money and do business." 'But think of 'em writing to ME!' says Murkison. "A few days later he drops around again." 'Boys,' says he, 'I know you are right or I wouldn't confide in you. I wrote to them rascals again just for
fun. They answered and told me to come on to Chicago. They said telegraph to J. Smith when I would start. When I get there I'm to wait on a certain street corner till a man in a gray suit comes along and drops a newspaper in front of me. Then I am to ask how the water is, and he knows it's me and I know it's him.' (Book 3: The Gentle Grafter, Shearing The Wolf, p. 302).
The conversation between two people who were talking about convicts and crime and then the speaker realized that there was a truth in what the speech partner said with all the things about theater as the world was full of plays, the speaker said the phrase "You are right, I have almost forgotten what a regular old ....." to show Recognizing the other person as a deserving apology.
When I get to the city, which will be shortly, I will send you some account of this country and its inmates. You are right, I have almost forgotten what a regular old, gumchewing, ice cream-destroying, opera ticket vortex, ivory-clawing girl looks like. Last summer a very fair specimen of this kind ranged over about Fort Snell, and I used to ride over twice a week on mail days and chew the end of my riding whip while she "Stood on the Bridge" and "Gathered up Shells on the Sea Shore*' and wore the "Golden Slippers." But she has vamoosed, and my ideas on the subject are again growing dim. (Book 9: Poems, Some Letters, p. 1075).
A conversation between a man and Vivianne talking about a girl named Heloi whose man said that it was true that Vivianne had to repatriate Heloi before they could go together, the speaker said the sentence. "You are right, Vivienne. Heloi's-must be sent away before I can take you home." to show Recognizing the other person as a deserving apology. Hartley cringed as if from an unexpected blow. He folded his arms and paced the carpet once or twice. "She shall go," he declared, grimly. Drops stood
upon his brow. "Why should I let that woman make my life miserable? Never have I seen one day of freedom from trouble since I have known her. You are right, Vivienne. Heloi'se -must be sent away before I can take you home. But she shall go. I have decided. I will turn her from my doors." "When will you do this?" asked the girl. Hartley clinched his teeth and bent his brows together. (Book 10: Whirligigs, Girl, p. 1137). c. Expressing The Lack Of Intent For example, I did not mean to. 1. I Did Not Mean To A conversation that occurred between Smoky and Haywoods who were having a conversation after they played. "I guess I didn't mean to say you were ragged," said Haywood. "But you are dirty, you know." "Sure," said "Smoky." "Yer get that way knockin' around. Say, I don't believe them New York papers about ladies drinking' and having' monkeys dining' at the table with them. I guess they're lies, like they print about people eating' out of silver plates, and owning' dogs that cost $100." (Book 10: Whirligigs, Sociology in Serge and Straw, p. 1142.) Conversations that occur between the speaker and the speech partner who show expression lack of intent in the conversation the speaker says "I guess I didn't mean to" which shows that he didn't mean to say that but that's what it is.
The conversation between Revenal and Sammy who were talking about poetry when Revenal said I didn't mean to cut you off. "I'm not much of a poetry expert, you know" which expresses the lack of intent.
"Oh, let's have the rest, old man," shouted Sammy, contritely, "I didn't mean to cut you off. I'm not much of a poetry expert, you know. I never saw a poem that didn't look like it ought to have terminal facilities at the end of every verse. Reel off the rest of it." Ravenel sighed, and laid the magazine down. "All right," said Sammy, cheerfully, "we‟ll have it
next time. I'll be off now. Got a date at five o'clock." (Book 11: A Lickpenny Lover, Roses, Ruses and Romance, p. 1314).
d. A conversation between Bunco Harry and a man in a café when Bunco Harry just gets into the café without thinking about the other at that time while he said "I didn't mean to butt in. You don't have to tell, it shows Expressing the lack of intent that he just get in without thinking again.
"Oh, well," said "Bunco Harry, raising his eyebrows, "I didn't mean to butt in. You don't have to tell. I thought you ought to tone down a little, so I tried to put you wise. I wish you success at your graft, whatever it is. Come and have a drink, anyhow." "I wouldn't mind having a glass of lager beer," acknowledged the other. They went to a café frequented by men with smooth faces and shifty eyes and sat at their drinks. (Book 13: Strictly Business, The Poet and The Peasant, p. 1518).
4. A Promise of Forbearance. A promise of forbearance relates to a case, where the offender could avoid the offense but he/she does not do so. He or she probably repeats the offense. Here, the offender promises not to do it again. For example, when someone has forgotten a meeting with a friend more than once, she can apologize by saying I am sorry for coming late, it will not happen again. What has already been taken above shows that the offenders realize the need apologize. They do not fail to take on responsibility31.
A little different from the others, in the sentence below the speaker Sydney Porter writes a letter to his friend and editor Bill, in this letter he explains that he is ill and cannot revise and send his manuscript to Bill, and asks him to postpone to some time.
31 Jacob L. Mey. Pragmatic (An Introduction). P. 107
I'm sorry to have delayed it, but it's best for both of us to have it a little late and a good deal better. I'll send over the rest before closing time this afternoon or the first thing in the morning. In its revised form I'm much better pleased with it. (Book 9: Poems, An Early Parable, p. 1087.)
In the data above the speaker said the word sorry as well as explain the situation that happened to him at that time. The speaker expresses the word sorry and the reason indirectly because here the speaker conveys this through a letter intended to inform that the speaker will postpone the revision of the manuscript and send it to the editor is Bill is none other than his speech partner who is also a person who will receive a letter from him. Here the speaker cannot fulfill his promise to send the script on time.
C. The Reason Using Apology Strategies In O’ Henry Short Stories
Communicate are one of a thing that people do every day and every time, and one of the way doing communicate are using language to show idea, perspective, even in oral or written, and when someone doing wrong thing, they have to apologize to the other, everything has reason to do, even with saying apologize when doing wrong, According to S. Kathleen Kitao and Kenji Kitao in their journal under title Apologies, Apology Strategies, and Apology Forms for Non- Apologies in a Spoken Corpus, there are ten (10) reason why using apology, they are: 1. Getting Attention Using apology forms to get another person‟s attention in order to get past them, to speak to them, etc. "Yes, yes well oh, that wasn't anything," said Standifer, "hemming" loudly and buttoning his coat again briskly. "And now, ma'am, who was the infernal skunk I beg your pardon, ma'am who was the gentleman you married?"
"Benton Sharp." (Book 4: Roads of Destiny, A Departmental Case, p. 490.)
In the conversation above it can be seen that the speaker says the word "I beg your pardon" to interrupt the conversation and ask the speech partner. The commissioner plumped down again into his chair with a groan.
A conversation between Peabody and Mr. Dodson about waiting and have to talk to someone when Peabody said excuse me to get Mr. Dodson's attention to get him to know that he talks to Williams before. "Excuse me," said Peabody, rather nervously, "for speaking of it, but I've been talking to Williams. (Book 10: Whirligigs, The Roads We Take, p. 1177).
A conversation between Vuyning and Schrumm, in which Vuyning said: "Excuse me, friend, '* said he." Could I have a few minutes' talks with you on the level? "to get attention and permission from Schrumm to speak. "Excuse me, friend,'* said he. "Could I have a few minutes' talks with you on the level?" (Book 11: A Lickpenny Lover, From Each According to His Ability, p. 1353).
2. Expressing Sympathy Using apology forms to express sympathy over some negative aspects of the interlocutor's experience. In this conversation, the speaker expresses his sympathy for what is bad happenings befallen his friend, in his remarks which convey that he cannot strike someone who has lost someone else but also feels fortunate enough because it is not someone who is afflicted by a problem (who dies). Down went the bright gold head upon her dimpled, clasped hands on the table. Such a beautiful April
storm! Unrestrainedly she sobbed. I wished I could have comforted her. But I was not George. And I was glad I was not Hiram and yet I was sorry, too. By-and-by the shower passed. She straightened up, brave and halfway smiling. She would have made a splendid wife, for crying only made her eyes more bright and tender. She took a gum-drop and began her story. (Book 6: Option, No Story, p. 777.)
3. Interrupting Using apology forms when breaking in without waiting for the end of the interlocutor‟s turn. The conversation above is between a spearman and an old man who is chatting in front of a young man who wants to speak rudely to an old man who has been cut off by the spearman. Here shows the spearman interrupting what the young man said. '"Why, it's Deering!' says the young swell 'Hello, old man. What the" 'Beg pardon, sir/ interrupts the halberdier, I‟m waiting on the table.' "The old man looks at him grim, like a Boston bull. „So, Deering/ he says, 'you're at work yet/ "'Yes, sir/ says Sir Percival, quiet and gentlemanly as I could have been myself, 'for almost three months, now.' 'You haven't been discharged during the time?' asks the old man. 'Not once, sir/ says he, 'though I've had to change my work several times/ (Book 4: Roads of Destiny, The Halberdier of the Little Rheinschloss, p. 533.)
The conversation between Duke and David who was in Duke's castle, when David interrupted Duke's conversation "... I crave pardon, sire if my anxiety for your safety offends." which here shows that David cut the Duke who was talking at the time. "If you please, your majesty," interrupted a harsh voice, "I will ask a question or two of this rhymester. There is little time to spare. I crave pardon, sire if my anxiety for your safety offends."
"The loyalty," said the king, "of the Duke d'Aumale is too well proven to give offense." He sank into his chair, and the film came again over his eyes. "First," said the duke, "I will read you the letter he brought: (Book 4: Roads of Destiantion,The Guardian of the Accolade, p. 366).
A conversation between a lazy woman and a man named Izzy who was talking about a man when someone interrupted and asked: "Excuse me for interrupting/saying I, 'but can you tell me how a man could get married quick?". 'Excuse me for interrupting/ says I, 'but can you tell me how a man could get married quick?* (Book 8: Rolling Stones, A Ruler of Men, p. 955)
4. Expressing Regret Using apology forms to express regret over a situation. In the statement below the speaker expressed his regret for dropping a very valuable ring for his important day.
"I'm very sorry," said Richard, as he resumed his seat, "but it looks as if we are stuck. They won't get this jumble loosened up in an hour. It was my fault. If I hadn't dropped the ring we. (Book 1: The Four Million, Mammon and the Archer, p. 56.)
Bill said that he lost his ransom by saying "I'm sorry we lose the ransom" which shows the phrase sorry is used here to show remorse.
"But he's gone" continues Bill "gone home. I showed him the road to Summit and kicked him about eight feet nearer there at one kick. I'm sorry we lose the ransom; but it was either that or Bill Driscoll to the madhouse." (Book 10: Whirligigs, The Ransom of Red Chief, p. 1150).
5. Introducing Disagreement or Correction Using apology forms when the speaker is about to disagree with the interlocutor.
In the conversation below the reason, someone uses the word sorry by saying "I'm sorry, Cherokee," he explained. Is to show a sense of disagreement by explaining directly why he disagrees with Cherokee's words. "I'm sorry, Cherokee," he explained. "There never was a kid in Yellowhammer. We tried to rustle a bunch of them for your swaree, but this sardine was all we could catch. He's an atheist, and he don't believe in Santa Claus. It's a shame for you to be out all this truck. But I and the Judge was sure we could round up a wagonful of candidates for your gimcracks." (Book 2: Heart of the West, Christmas by Injunction, p. 251).
Conversation between a man and a woman which talking about how to write in a good way when the woman said “I‟m sorry” to show her disagreement.
"Well, Man, how are the stories coming?" "Pretty regularly," said I. "About equal to their going." "I'm sorry/' said she."Good typewriting is the main thing in a story. You've missed me, haven't you?" "No one," said I, "whom I have ever known knows as well as you do how to space properly belt buckles, semicolons, hotel guests, and hairpins. But you've been away too. I saw a package of peppermint-pepsin in your place the other day." (Book 4: Roads of Destiny, The Enchanted Profile, p. 385).
6. Excusing Oneself Using apology forms when the speaker is going to leave, answer a telephone, wants the interlocutor to leave, etc.
Using a sorry utterance to show excusing oneself by saying “I‟m so sorry” “I always thought they had. I think I must go now” miss Trenholme used sorry to show that she has to go and it is one of the reasons why using apology expressions.
"I have not," said the hermit, regretfully. *I‟m so sorry," said Miss Trenholme. "I always thought they had. I think I must go now." Oh, beyond question, she was the beautifulest. "Fair lady "began the hermit. (Book 6: Options, To Him Who Waits, 742).
Excusing oneself is the reason why the speaker said sorry in this conversation, the speaker here said that “Good-by, old boy sorry I haven't time to call on you” he used it to say goodbye and have to leave. Cases and street-car accidents and printing the filth and scandal that you make you‟re living by. Good- by, old boy sorry I haven't time to call on you. I'd feel perfectly safe in your sanctum asinorum. Trala! (Book 11: A Lickpenny Lover, The Clarion Call, p. 1342)
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion This research is designed to describe the found apology expression in O' Henry's short stories, also the strategies used in that utterance and to finding which the dominant types of expressions that used in O' Henry's short stories. The writer proposes some conclusions as follow: First in this thesis, there are nine (9) kinds of apologies expressions. They are fifty nine (59) data indicated as expressions of sorry, ten (10) data indicated as expressions of apology, forty (40) data indicated as the expressions of pardon, two (2) data indicated as the expressions of fault, six (6) data indicated as the expressions of did not mean to, eleven (10) data indicated as the expressions forgive, eighteen (18) data indicated as the expressions of excuse me, three (3) data indicates as the expressions of I did not see, six (6) data indicates as the expressions of you are right. Totally there are 154 Apology expressions found in O‟ Henry selected short stories.
The strategy used in expressing the expression is divided into nine (9) pieces, they are An expression of regret found in this short story as an utterance "sorry" and the sorry word found in this short story as much as 58 from 152 data from 49 short stories from 108 short stories, An offer of apology: this apology expression found in O‟ Henry short stories as 10 expressions in 10 short stories from 108 short stories in total, A request for forgiveness: the expression of forgiveness are excused me, please forgive me or pardon me, for excuse me utterance found in O' Henry short stories by 17 utterances from 17 short stories, An explanation or account of the situation, An acknowledgment of responsibility: explain as an utterance “fault”
found on 2 utterance from 2 short stories, An offer of repair, A promise of forbearance.
The reason why using apology strategies are divided into six (6) think, they are Getting attention: most of getting attention utterance is excuse me and pardon me, Expressing sympathy: the utterance of expressing sympathy is using sorry expressions, Interrupting, Expressing regret, Introducing disagreement or correction, Excusing oneself.
B. Suggestion In human life, we need an apology so life can be harmonious and fine, although there are problems that can be solved by apologizing or expressing an apology, not only in real life that requires an apology but also in some literary works, for example works from O 'Henry who showed expressions of apology. Apology can be done by anyone, the benefit of reading this thesis is one of them for English literature students is that they can find various forms of apology and the purpose of using it, as well as suggestions for further researchers who may be English literature students, lecturers or others, are an apology is a good thing to study not only in the short stories researched by the author but for subsequent researchers to examine various literary works or they can examine the sentence of apology in a speech or newspaper.
REFERENCES
Books Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. New York: Cambridge University Press. Geis, M. L. 1995. Speech acts and conversational interaction. New York: Cambridge University Press. Goffman, Erving. 1971. Relation in Public: Micro studies of the public order. New York: Basic Books. Hansen ,Harry. 1910. Complete Work by O‟ Henry (Foreword). Doubleday & Company, Inc. Garden City, N.Y. p. vi. Hawken, William R. Full-size photocopying. New Brunswick: Graduate Library School Rutgers-the State University. Holmes, Janet 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. UK. Longman Group. Jean Stilwell Peccei. 1999. Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge. Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Published by Longman. Inc. Levinson, Stephen 1983. Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Manser, Longman. 1989. Dictionary of Contemporary English, Great Britain: Longman Group UK Limited. Mey, Jacob L. 1993. Pragmatics and Introduction. Blackwell Oxford and Cambridge. Mouton de Gruyter. Nessa Wolfson and E. Judd. 1983. Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition. Professor of Linguistics. New York Time. P. 22. Prastowo Andi, 2011. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Perspektif Rancangan Penelitian, Jogjakarta: AR-RUZZ Media.p.157. Ratna , Nyoman Kutha. 2004. Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Jogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. p. 47.
Trosborg, Anna. 1994. Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requests, Complaints, and Apologies. New York Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 5th Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Journal Eastern Illinois University, 1997. the Keep. How effective are the things people say to apologize? Effects of the realization of the apology speech act. Kitao ,S. Kathleen and Kenji Kitao, Apologies, Apology Strategies, and Apology Forms for Non Apologies in a Spoken Corpus, Journal of Culture and Information Science, 8（2）, 1-13,（ March 2013）, p. 8-9. SHOSHANA BLUM-KULKA, ELITE OLSHTAIN. Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, Vol. 5, No. 3
Website
The Noble Qur‟an. (2016). Qur‟an.com (Also Known as The Noble Qur‟an, Al-Qur‟an. Holy Qur‟an, Koran) Retrieved from https://www.quran.com Accessed on October, 04th 2019 at 14:04 am. .https://quran.kemenag.go.id/ُُ Accessed on October, 07th 2019 17:34 PM
APPENDIX I O’ Henry Biography32
O. Henry, pseudonym of William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), noted American author of hundreds of short stories including “The Ransom of Red Chief” (1910), “The Duplicity of Hargraves” (1902), and “The Gift of the Magi” (1905); William Sidney Porter was born on 11 September 1862 in Greensboro, North Carolina, to physician Algernon Sidney Porter (1825-1888) and M ary Jane Virginia Swaim (1833-1865). The two brothers of William were Shirley Worth (1860) and David Weir (1865) who both died in early childhood. Mary was a graduate of Greensboro Female College (founded in 1838) now Greensboro College. She wrote poetry and had a promising artistic temperament with a natural eye for drawing and painting, surely a talent that young Will inherited. She ran her household with a firm but loving hand. Tragically she died of tuberculosis at the age of thirty when Will was only three years old. His father Sidney was a gentle and good- humored man, gregarious, and generous to a fault. Absent-minded with a long flowing beard, he traveled Guilford country visiting his patients. As was the custom of the time, he never sent invoices to his patients; they were expected to settle once a year. Without his wife to stay on top of their accounts, finances dwindled and Sidney started to drink. After Mary‟s death, widower Sidney and his shy, the freckle-faced son moved to his mother‟s farm, that of Will‟s paternal grandmother Ruth Coffyn Worth Porter (1805-1890). Sidney became increasingly occupied with various inventions he was developing, poking about in his workshop with such contraptions as a perpetual motion the water wheel. Also living at the farm was Will‟s aunt, Evalina Maria Porter or “Miss Lina” as she was known. She would become the most influential person in the first 20 years of Will‟s life. She became a teacher, parent, and mentor to him. She had started a school at her mother‟s home that was soon established in its building on the Porter property. Will studied the basics there, writing and
32 Harry Hansen. Complete Work by O‟ Henry (Foreword). 1910. Doubleday & Company, Inc. Garden City, N.Y. p. vi.
arithmetic, and he read classic literature and poetry. He was very clever with a pencil and loved to draw caricatures. At the age of fifteen, Porter began working as a clerk in his Uncle Clark Porter‟s store. The combined pharmacy, soda fountain, tobacco shop, and newsstand was the local gathering spot. Porter became immersed in the social scene, entertaining the customers with stories and drawing caricatures of them for which he became well known. He saw the humor in every day and made notes of all the colorful characters he encountered, fodder for his future stories. He also obtained a pharmacist license in 1881. Small town life was not to hold him for long, however, and he had developed a persistent cough. Thinking that a change of climate would do him well, at the age of eighteen he moved to Texas, settling in Austin in 1884. He was already writing short stories while he held several jobs including a pharmacist before working with the Texas Land Office. Around this time he met Athol Estes Roach. They married in 1887 and had a daughter, Margaret Worth (d.1927), in 1889. With a steady income, Porter was now able to focus on his writing. In 1891 he began work as a bank teller with the First National Bank. The Porters were living in the house which is now known as the O Henry House Museum. In 1894 Porter launched a humorous weekly magazine The Rolling Stone (no relation to the current magazine, founded in 1967.) It featured political and every day satirical articles and cartoons, all by Will himself, which he also published. 1895 found the Porter‟s living in Houston, Texas, where Porter started a column in the Houston Post. After time spent in Honduras, during which Porter coined the term “banana republic”, he had to return to Texas to face charges of embezzlement. His wife was also was suffering from tuberculosis and he rushed to see her. Athol died in July of 1897. At that time Margaret was living with Athol‟s parents. They then moved to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Margaret never knew that her father had spent time in prison. She was always told he was away on business. After inconsistencies were found with Porter‟s First National Bank records, Porter was charged with embezzlement. In 1898 he began a five-year sentence in Columbus, Ohio federal prison. Around this time he changed his name to Sydney. The following year, in 1899, from prison, Porter began his short story career by contributing “Whistling Dick‟s Christmas Stocking” to McClure‟s
Magazine. Thereafter a number of his stories written in prison appeared in print, always under a pseudonym, his favorite being “O. Henry”. The general public did not know of his prison term until after his death. After being released from prison in just three years, Porter moved on to the next chapter in his life: New York City. This was where he really came into his own and all his previous life‟s experience served to inspire stories. Porter crafted everyday tales of myriad characters, many recurring, based in New York City with humor, wit, and realism. His stories often have a surprise or twist ending, and Porter‟s fans looked forward to more in such publications as World, Ainslee‟s, and McClure‟s. Porter has been compared to other masters of the short story including Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, Bret Harte, Rudyard Kipling, Mark Twain, and French author Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893). Porter also wrote numerous stories set in Western and South and Central America. Despite many of his works being panned by the critics, he was becoming one of America‟s most popular short story authors. So much so that several collections were published including Cabbages and Kings (1904), The Four Million (1909), Options (1909), Roads of Destiny (1909), The Trimmed Lamp (1910), Strictly Business: More Stories of the Four Million (1910), Whirligigs (1910), Sixes and Sevens (1911), The Gentle Grafter (1919) and Rolling Stones (1919). Troubled by ill-health and heavy drinking for many years, surely Porter was happy when he married his childhood sweetheart from Greensboro, Sara (Sallie) Lindsey Coleman, in 1907. But Porter was living an extravagant lifestyle amid increasing pressure to keep his commitments to publishers for more and more stories. This stress plus added financial problems led to Sara leaving him in 1909. William Sidney Porter died of cirrhosis on 5 June 1910. A funeral was held in New York City. He now lies buried at the Riverside Cemetery in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter was later buried beside him. His last complete short story is “Let Me Feel Your Pulse”. The O. Henry Museum in Austen, Texas, open to the public, serves to preserve artifacts and archival materials related to O. Henry.
APPENDIX II THE EXPRESSION, STRATEGIES AND REASONُOF USING APOLOGY STRATEGIES
1. Sorry
No. Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 “Jawn," said Mrs. McCaskey, Expression of Expressing Between Rounds / softly, "I'm sorry I was hasty wid regret Regret 18 ye." "Twas hasty pudding ', as ye say," said her husband, "and hurry-up turnips and get-a-move-on-ye coffee. Twas what you could call a quick lunch, all right, and tell no lie. " 2 I know Clementina isn't in good Expression of Expressing A Service of Love health; she is so nervous. In serving Regret Regret /27 the rabbit she spilled a great lot of it, boiling hot, over my hand and wrist. It hurt awfully, Joe. And the dear girl was so sorry! But Gen. Pinkney! Joe, that old man nearly went distracted. 3 By Sirius! There was a biped I felt Expression of Expressing Memoirs of a sorry for. He was a little man with Regret Sympathy Yellow Dog/47 sandy hair and whiskers a good deal like mine. Henpecked? Well, toucans and flamingoes and pelicans all had their bills in him. 4 I began to feel sorry for Hubby, dog Expression of Expressing Memoirs of a my cats if I didn't. We looked so Regret Regret Yellow Dog /47 much alike that people noticed it when we went out; so we shook the streets that Morgan's cab drives down, and took to climbing the piles of last December's snow on the streets where cheap people live. 5 "I'm very sorry," said Richard, as Expression of Expressing Mammon and The he resumed his seat, "but it looks as regret Regret Archer /56 if we are stuck. They won't get this jumble loosened up in an hour. It was my fault. If I hadn't dropped the ring we 6 "The same," said Ranse, slowly. "I Expression of Introducing The Higher promised him that his son would regret disagreement / Education /183 never marry a Curtis. Somehow I correction couldn't go against him. He's mighty old. I'm sorry, Yenna." 7 "Jeff,' she says. I‟m sorry you Expression of Introducing Cupid a La Carte spoke. I like you as well as any of regret disagreement / /192 them, but there isn't the man in the correction world I'd ever marry, and there never will be.
8 The bottom grass and the chaparral Expression of Expressing Cupid a La Carte and the lonesome timber crowded regret Sympathy /198 all around it, It seemed to be a melancholy little house, and you felt sorry for it 'Twas that house for the night, the way I reasoned it. I explained to Mame, and she leaves it to me to decide. She doesn't become galvanic and prosecuting, 9 Josefa looked at the body of the Expression of Expressing A Call Loan /232 fierce animal Givens gently patted regret regret one of the formidable paws that could have killed a yearling calf with one blow. Slowly a red flush widened upon the dark olive face of the girl. Was it the signal of shame of the true sportsman who has brought down ignoble quarry? Her eyes grew softer, and the lowered lids drove away all their bright mockery. "I'm very sorry," she said, humbly; "but he looked so big, and jumped so high that" 10 "Please forgive me, Mr. Givens, Expression of Expressing The Princess and won't you? I'm only a girl, you regret Regret The Puma / 236 know, and I was frightened at first. I'm very, very sorry I shot Bill. You don't know how ashamed I feel. I wouldn't have done it for anything." 11 "I'm sorry, Cherokee," he Expression of Introducing Christmas by explained. regret disagreement / Injunction / 251 "There never was a kid in correction Yellowhammer. We tried to rustle a bunch of them for your swaree, but this sardine was all we could catch. He's an atheist, and he don't believe in Santa Claus. It's a shame for you to be out all this truck. But I and the Judge was sure we could round up a wagonful of candidates for your gimcracks." 12 I will give you a letter to him, and Expression of Expressing Roads of Destiny you shall take him your poems and regret Regret / 370 let him read them. Then you will know if you shall write more, or give your attention to your wife and business/* "Write the letter," said David. "I am sorry you did not speak of this sooner/' At sunrise the next morning he was on the road to Dreux with the precious roll of poems under his arm. 13 "Pretty regularly," said I. "About Expression of Introducing The Enchanted equal to their going." regret disagreement / Profile / 385 "I'm sorry' said she. “Good correction
typewriting is the main thing in a story. You've missed me, haven't you?" "No one," said I, "whom I have ever known knows as well as you do how to space properly belt buckles, semicolons, hotel guests, and hairpins. 14 He tossed a quarter into the hat of a Expression of Introducing A Retrieve blind man sitting by the door, and regret disagreement / Reformation / 439 boarded his train. Three hours set correction him down in a little town near the state line. He went to the cafe of one Mike Dolan and shook hands with Mike, who was alone behind the bar. "Sorry we couldn't make it sooner, Jimmy, me boy/' said Mike. “But we had that protest from Springfield to buck against, and the governor nearly balked. Feeling all right?” 15 "My rheumatism has been growing Expression of Expressing The Emancipation steadily worse these past months, regret sympathy of Billy / 474 William." "I am sorry. Father," said Billy, gently. "And I am nearly seventy-eight. I am getting to be an old man. I can recall the names of but two or three who were in public life during My Administration, What did you say is the nature of this position that is offered you, William?" 16 "That is better/' said the lady. “It Expression of Getting Caught / 580 makes it possible for me to listen to regret Attention you. For a second lesson in good manners, you might now tell me by whom I am being insulted." "I am sorry," said Goodwin, leaning one hand on the table, "that my time is too brief for devoting much of it to a course of etiquette. Come, now; I appeal to your good sense. 17 "Not a soul. Even Madame Ortiz, Expression of Expressing Money Maze / whose eyes are so sharp for the regret Regret 599 sight of a revenue official, does not remember that there was any baggage." Mrs. Goodwin laid down her brush and sighed. "I am so sorry, Frank," she said, "that they are giving you so much trouble about the money. But we can't let them know about it, can we?" 18 Goodwin nodded at his secretary, Expression of Expressing The Remnants of
who strolled out under a mango tree regret Regret the Code / 631 and lit a cigarette. Blythe took the chair that he had left vacant. "I want some money," he began, doggedly. "I'm sorry," said Goodwin, with equal directness, "but you can't have any. You're drinking yourself to death, Blythe. Your friends have done all they could to help you to brace up. You won't help yourself. There's no use furnishing you with money to ruin yourself with any longer." 19 The Vesuvius Fruit Company had a Expression of Expressing Dicky (Double)/ habit of doing things that way in regret Regret 663 Anchuria. "I am exceedingly sorry exceedingly sorry," said the captain, "to see this occur. I place myself at your service, Mr. Maloney. What you need shall be furnished. Whatever you say shall be done." 20 "I'm awfully sorry," she said, "that I Expression of Expressing Schools and knew. It isn't like Gilbert. There regret Regret Schools / 712 must be some mistake. Just consider that I am ignorant of it, will you, dear? I must go upstairs now, I have such a headache. I‟m sure I don't understand the note. Perhaps Gilbert has been dining too well, and will explain. Good night!" 21 "After this man and I got through Expression of Expressing Supply and our conversation, which left him regret Regret Demand / 725 dry of information, I shook hands with him and told him I was sorry I couldn't believe him. And a month afterward I landed on the coast of this Guadymala with $1,300 that I had been saving up for five years. I thought I knew what Indians liked, and I fixed myself accordingly. 22 "I have not," said the hermit, Expression of Excusing To Him Who regretfully. regret oneself Waits / 742 *I‟m so sorry," said Miss Trenholme. "I always thought they had. I think I must go now." 23 Down went the bright gold head Expression of Expressing of No Story / 777 upon her dimpled, clasped hands on regret Regret the table. Such a beautiful April storm! Unrestrainedly she sobbed. I wished I could have comforted her. But I was not George. And I was glad I was not Hiram and yet I was sorry, too. 24 "I'm sorry," said Tripp, almost Expression of Expressing No Story / 779 inaudibly. regret Regret
"I'm sorry you're out your money. Now, it seemed to me like a find of a big story, you know that is, a sort of thing that would write up pretty well." 25 I know what I'm talking about. Expression of Expressing At Arms with While you were a poor medical regret Regret Morpheus / 852 student she was good enough for you. But now, since you are a millionaire, it's different. I wonder what she thinks of the performances of that peculiar class of people which she has been taught to worship the Southern gentlemen. I'm sorry, Hopkins, that I was forced to speak about these matters, but you've covered it up so well and played your part so nicely that I would have sworn you were above such unmanly tricks." 26 I should have expected something Expression of Getting A Ghost of A better from Mrs. Fischer- regret Attention Chance / 854 Suympkins. Don't they carry bricks in hoods? Why should a ghost bring bricks into a villa built of marble and stone? I'm so sorry, but it makes me think that age is beginning to tell upon Mrs. Fischer- Suympkins." "This house," continued Mrs. Kinsolving, "was built upon the site of an old one used by the family during the Revolution. There wouldn't be anything strange in its having a ghost. 27 In for a chat before dinner! I love Expression of Expressing A Ghost of a those little touches of informality regret Regret Chance / 855 with a guest. They give such a home flavor to a visit. So sorry; I must be dressing. I am so indolent I always postpone it until the last moment." 28 The actor appeared to be slightly Expression of Expressing The Duplicity of bewildered, and seemed hardly to regret Regret Hargraves / 877 take in the full meaning of the old gentleman's words. "I am truly sorry you took offence," he said, regretfully. "Up here we don't look at things just as you people do. I know men who would buy out half the house to have their personality put on the stage so the public would recognize it." 29 In declining the honor you have Expression of Expressing October and June done me in asking me to be your regret Regret / 890 wife, I feel that I ought to speak frankly. The reason I have for so doing is the great difference
between our ages. I like you very, very much, but I am sure that our marriage would not be a happy one. I am sorry to have to refer to this, but I believe that you will appreciate my honesty in giving you the true reason. 30 Oh, Father Abram," she said. "I'm Expression of Expressing The Church with so sorry! I didn't know until today regret Sympathy an Overshot- about your little daughter. You will Wheel / 896 find her yet some day Oh, I hope you will. The miller looked down at her with his strong, ready smile. 31 "You've got the bedside manners of Expression of Expressing The Friendly Call a Piute medicine man,* says I. regret Regret / 1001 'And I wish you'd go away and let me die a natural death. I'm sorry I sent for you/ "I've a mind to,' says George, for nobody cares whether you live or die. But now I've been tricked into coining, I might as well stay until this little attack of indigestion or nettle rash or whatever it is, passes away.' 32 "My dear fellow/* said Van Expression of Expressing A Dinner at ----- / Sweller, politely, but with a regret Regret 1009 stubborn tightening of his lips, "I'm sorry it doesn't please you, but there's no help for it. Even a character in a story has rights that an author cannot ignore. The hero of a story of New York social life must dine at l at least once during its action." 33 Dear Margaret: I got your very Expression of Expressing An Early Parable / nice, long letter a good many days regret Sympathy 1083 ago. It didn't come straight to me, but went to a wrong address first. I was very glad indeed to hear from you, and very, very sorry to learn of your getting your finger so badly hurt. I don't think you were to blame at all, as you couldn't know just how that villainous old "hoss n was going to bite. I do hope that it will heal up nicely and leave your finger strong. 34 I'm sorry to have delayed it; but it's Expression of Expressing An Early Parable best for both of us to have it a little regret – Regret / 1087 late and a good deal better. Apromise of I'll send over the rest before closing Forbearance time this afternoon or the first thing in the morning. In its revised form I'm much better pleased with it
35 "But he's gone" continues Bill Expression of Expressing The Ransom of "gone home. I showed him the road regret Regret Red Chief / 1150 to Summit and kicked him about eight feet nearer there at one kick. I'm sorry we lose the ransom; but it was either that or Bill Driscoll to the madhouse." 36 "That's the girl I used to lay awake Expression of Expressing A Sacrifice Hit / of nights thinking about. Sorry regret Regret 1172 about your hat, mister. Say, don't snitch to the tenants about this, will yer? I don't want to lose my job." 37 "Never!" said the burglar, Expression of Expressing Tommy's Burglar gloomily, "Between the box office regret Sympathy / 1204 and my better impulses that your leading juveniles are supposed to awaken and the magazines that pay on publication, I guess I'll always be broke." "I'm sorry," said Tommy, sympathetically. "But I can't help myself any more than you can. It's one of the canons of household fiction that no burglar shall be successful The burglar must be foiled by a kid like me, or by a young lady heroine, or at the last moment by his old pal, Red Mike, who recognizes the house as one in which he used to be the coachman. 38 "In case," said our friend, "you Expression of Getting A Little Local would like to meet some of our regret Attention Color / 1213 Bowery young men I would be pleased to have you visit the quarters of our East Side Kappa Delta Phi Society, only two blocks east of here." "Awfully sorry," said Rivington, "but my friend's got me on the jump tonight* He's a terror when he's out after local color. Now, there's nothing I would like better than to drop in at the Kappa Delta Phi, but some other time!" 39 "There is no use?" asked Gillian, Expression of Expressing One Thousand almost light-heartedly. regret Regret Dollars / 1289 "I am sorry," she said again. "May I write a note?" asked Gillian, with a smile. He seated himself at the big library table. She supplied him with paper and pen, and then went back to her secretary. Gillian made out his account of his expenditure of the thousand dollars in these words: 40 "Hallo, Mr. Walmsley, Found your Expression of Expressing The Defeat of the way back at last, have you? Sorry I regret Regret City / 1292 couldn't bring in the automobile for
you, but dad's bull-tonguing the ten-acre clover patch with it to-day. Guess you'll excuse my not wearing a dress suit over to meet you it isn‟t six o'clock yet, you know." 41 I wanted. Say, haven't you got the Expression of Expressing The Shocks of price of a couple of drinks about regret Regret Doom / 1296 you are what's your name " "Dawson," said Vallance. "No; I'm sorry to say that Tm all in financially." "I've been living for a week in a coal cellar on Division Street," went on Ide, "with a crook they call 'Binky* Morris. 42 Cases and street-car accidents and Expression of Excusing The Clarion Call / printing the filth and scandal that regret Oneself 1342 you make you‟re living by. Good- by, old boy sorry I haven't time to call on you. I'd feel perfectly safe in your sanctum asinorum. Trala! 43 The old house can be pulled down Expression of Expressing The Buyer from and the new one set further back." regret Regret Cactus City / "Put out your pipe," said Miss 1399 Asher. "I'm sorry to wake you up, but you fellows might as well get wise, once for all, to where you stand. I'm supposed to go to dinner with you and help jolly you along so you'll trade with old Zizzy, but don't expect to find me in any of the suits you buy." 44 "My dress didn't get finished in Expression of Expressing The Purple Dress time," said Maida. "I'm not going to regret Sympathy / 1426 the dinner." "That's too bad. Why, I'm awfully sorry, Maida. Why don't you put on anything and come along it's just the store folks, you know, and they won't mind." "I was set on my purple," said Maida. "If I can't have it I won't go at all. Don't bother about me. Run along or you'll be late. You look awful nice in red." 45 "I‟ll forgot to tell you, boys,' says Expression of Expressing The Lost Blend / he, 'that Nicaragua slapped an regret Regret 1434 import duty of 48 per cent, ad valorem on all bottled goods last month. The President took a bottle of Cincinnati hair tonic by mistake for Tabasco sauce, and he's getting even. Barreled goods is free/ "'Sorry you didn't mention it sooner,' says we. And we bought two forty-two gallon casks from the captain, and opened every bottle we had and dumped the stuff altogether in the casks.
46 Young men are grave-robbers by Expression of Getting The Count and the nature. Ask any widow. Something regret Attention Wedding Guest / must be done to restore that missing 1462 organ to weeping angels in crepe de Chine. Dead men certainly get the worst of it from all sides. "I'm awful sorry," said Mr. Donovan, gently. "No, we won't walk back to the house just yet. And don't say you haven't no friends in this city, Miss Conway. I'm awful sorry, and I want you to believe I'm your friend, and that I'm awful sorry." 47 *1 guess that puts it up to Mr. Otter Expression of Ecpressing Elsie in New again," said Elsie, ruefully, turning regret Regret York / 1481 down the street. "And I'm sorry, too, for I'd much rather make my way without help." 48 He took the proper place of a Expression of Expressing The Robe at newcomer at the left end of the rear regret Sympathy Peace / 1514 rank. In the file in front of him was the young man who had spoken to him of hospitals and something of a wife and child. "Sorry to see you back again," said the young man, turning to speak to him. "I hoped you had struck something better than this." 49 "Mr. Ramonti/' she said sorrowfully Expression of Introducing The Thing's the (this was not on the stage, regret disagreement / Play / 1542 remember; it was in the old home correction near Abingdon Square), "I'm awfully sorry, but I‟m a married woman." 50 "I am deeply sorry," I said to her, Expression of Expressing A Ramble in "that I cannot remember. I could regret Regret Aphasia / 1549 explain, but fear you would not understand. You will not concede Pink hammer; and I really cannot at all conceive of the roses and other things." 51 "This is a roomy house/ she said, Expression of Expressing A Municipal "and I have a tenant for part of it. I regret – Regret Report / 1561 am sorry to have to rescind my Promise of invitation to tea. It is impossible to Forbearance get the kind I always use at the store. Perhaps to-morrow Mr. Baker will be able to supply me." 52 Columbian half well, this isn‟t Expression of Expressing The Girl and the South America . . . Yes, I like the regret Regret Habit / 1595 mixed best Friday? awfully sorry, but I take my jiu-jitsu lesson on Friday Thursday, then . . . Thanks that's sixteen times I've been told that this morning I guess I must be beautiful . . . Cut that out, please who do you think I am? . . . Why,
Mr. Westbrook do you really think so? The idea! one~-eighty and twenty's a dollar thank you ever so 53 "It is very likely that I would, if I Expression of Expressing Proof of the believed that way," said the editor. regret disbelief / Pudding / 1602 "But I have explained to you that I surprise do not." "If I could prove to you that I am right?" *I‟m sorry, Shack, but I'm afraid I haven't time to argue any further just now." "I don't want to argue," said Dawe. I want to demonstrate to you from life itself that my view is the correct one." 54 If your old water-hole could have Expression of Expressing The Red Roses of put out the fire on that trestle you regret Regret Tonia / 1633 might have some reason to talk about it." "I am deeply sorry," said Burrows, warned by Pearson's fate, "that you failed to receive your hat, Miss Weaver deeply sorry, indeed. If there was anything I could do " 55 "I am deeply sorry," said Burrows, Expression of Expressing The Red Roses of warned by Pearson's fate, "that you regret Regret Tonia / 1633 failed to receive your hat, Miss Weaver deeply sorry, indeed. If there was anything I could do ""Don't bother/ interrupted Tonia, with sweet sarcasm. “If there was anything you could do, you'd be doing it, of course. There isn't" 56 "What kind of a hat was that, Miss Expression of Expressing The Red Roses of Tonia," he called, "that you ordered regret Regret Tonia / 1634 from San Antone? I can't help but be sorry about that hat." "A straw," said Tonia; "the latest shape, of course; trimmed with red roses. That's what I like red roses." 57 As his stirrups rattled against the Expression of Expressing The Red Roses of brush Burrows‟ long-legged sorrel regret Regret Tonia / 1635 struck out down the narrow stretch of open prairie to the southwest Tonia hung up her quirt and went into the sitting-room. "I'm mighty sorry, daughter, that you didn't get your hat," said her mother. "Oh, don't worry, mother," said Tonia coolly. "I'll have a new hat, all right, in time tomorrow." 58 "Wells Pearson, of the Mucho Expression of Expressing The Red Roses of Calor, and Burrows, of Green regret Regret Tonia / 1636 Valley," was the response. "We want to buy some goods in the store. Sorry to wake you up, but we
must have them. Come on out, Uncle Tommy, and get a move on you." Uncle Tommy was slow, but at length they got him behind his counter with a kerosene lamp lit, and told him of their dire need. The Total of Expression 58 from 49 short stories
2. Apology No. Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 In one of the second-floor front windows Offer of Expressing Between Rounds / Mrs. McCaskey awaited her husband. Apology Regret 15 Supper was cooling on the table. Its heat went into Mrs. McCaskey. At nine McCaskey came. He carried his coat on his arm and his pipe in his teeth; and he apologized for disturbing the boarders on the steps as he selected spots of stone between them on which to set his size 9, width Ds. 2 At Thirty-fourth Street young Richard Offer of Expressing Mammon and quickly thrust up the trap and ordered the Apology Regret The Archer / 56 cabman to stop. "I've dropped a ring," he apologized, as he climbed out. "It was my mother's, and I'd hate to lose it. I won't detain you a minute I saw where it fell." In less than a minute he was back in the cab with the ring. 3 Mr. Seeders was flushed and Offer of Expressing The Brief Debut embarrassed. He plunged one hand into Apology Regret of Tildy / 107 his hip pocket and the other into a fresh pumpkin pie. "Miss Tildy," said he, "I want to apologize for what I done the other evening. Tell you the truth, I was pretty well tanked up or I wouldn't of done it. I wouldn't do no lady that a-way when I was sober. 4 I couldn't sidestep a jar from a five-year- Offer of Expressing Hygeia at the old kid. That's what your d d ranch has Apology Regret Solito / 160 done for me. There's nothing to eat, nothing to see, and nobody to talk to but a lot of Reubens who don't know a punching bag from lobster salad." "It's a lonesome place, for certain," apologized Raidler abashedly. "We got plenty, but it's rough enough. 5 Going over to the same side where Sharp Offer of Expressing A Departmental was, Mr. Standifer prepared to take a Apology Regret Case / 495 seat at the next table. In hanging his hat upon one of the hooks along the wall he let it fall upon Sharp's head. Sharp turned, being in an especially ugly humor, and cursed the other roundly. Mr.
Standifer apologized calmly for the accident, but Sharp continued his vituperations. 6 "My mother," said the young man, Offer of Expressing The Third "always made me eat one for a cold. Apology Regret Ingredients / 698 Pardon my referring to a physical infirmity; but you may have noticed that I have a very, very severe cold. I was going to eat the onion and go to bed. I wonder why I am standing here and apologizing to you for it." 7 When Gales came we put Tom through Offer of Expressing At Arms with as expensive a course of treatment as the Apology Regret Morpheus / 851 resources of the profession permit. After the more drastic remedies we gave him citrate of caffeine in frequent doses and strong coffee, and walked him up and down the floor between two of us. Old Gales pinched him and slapped his face and worked hard for the big check he could see in the distance. The young MJD. From the next floor gave Tom a most hearty, rousing kick, and then apologized to me. "Couldn't help it," he said. "I never kicked a millionaire before in my life. I may never have another opportunity/* 8 Lorison entered the room and took the Offer of Expressing Blind Man's chair offered him. The priest's eyes Apology Regret Holiday / 1233 looked a courteous interrogation. "I must apologize again," said the young man, "for so soon intruding upon you with my marital infelicities, but as my wife has neglected to furnish me with her address, I am deprived of the legitimate recourse of a family row." 9 "This," said Honoria, inflexibly, "was Offer of Expressing Nemesis and wrapped about the first one we opened." Apology Regret Candy Man / "It was a year ago," apologized Ives, as 1304 he held out his hand for it* "As long as skies above are blue. To you, my love, I will be true." 10 He managed to convey the idea that he Offer of Expressing The Foreign wished to congratulate the hose-cart Apology Regret Policy of driver on his recovery and to apologize Company 99 / for having caused the accident. 1431 This he accomplished by so many extravagant gestures and explosive noises that the company was diverted for half an hour. Then they kicked him out again, and on the next day he came back grinning. How or where he lived no one knew. The Total of Expression 10 expressions from 10 short stories
3. Excuse
No. Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 The fist of E. Rushmore Coplan banged Request for Expressing A Cosmopolite in the table and I was jarred into silence. forgiveness Regret a Café / 13 "Excuse me," said he, "but that's a question I never like to hear asked. What does it matter where a man is from? Is it fair to judge a man by his post-office address? Why, I've seen Kentuckians who hated whiskey 2 "I've got it now," he said, cordially. "It Request for Expressing The Coming-Out was just a little mistake. You aren‟t no forgiveness Regret of Maggie / 32 O'Sullivan. You are a ring tailed monkey. Excuse us for not recognizing you at first." O'Sullivan's eye flashed. He made a quick movement, but Andy Geoghan was ready and caught his arm. 3 "'Oh, Mr. Hicks/ says she, 'when one is Request for Expressing Telemachus, alone in the world, don't they feel it more forgiveness Regret Friend / 126 aggravated on a beautiful night like this?' "I rose up ofl the bench at once. "'Excuse me, ma'am,' says I, 'but Til have to wait till Paisley comes before I can give an audible hearing to leading questions like that,' 4 You might have had it the next day, Request for Expressing The Hand that boys,' says Mrs, Avery, smiling. 'I hadn't forgiveness Regret Riles the World / the slightest trouble in getting it,' says 291 she. *I just asked for it, that's all. Now, I'd like to talk to you a while,' she goes on, 'but I'm awfully busy, and I know you'll excuse me. I've got an Ambassadorship, two Consulates and a dozen other minor applications to look after. I can hardly find time to sleep at all You'll give my compliments to Mr. Humble when you get home, of course.' 5 Peters, I‟ll take that five thousand. I met Request for Expressing Innocents of a man last night that's got a sure winner forgiveness Regret Broadway / 309 at the race-track tomorrow. Excuse me for being so impolite as to go asleep, Mr. Peters” 6 'Excuse me, Mr. Losada,' I said, 'but I Request for Expressing The Rose of guess I've made a mistake in the price. forgiveness Regret Dixie / 685 You get the photo for nothing.' Now, Carry, you get out the pencil, and well do some more figuring. 7 'Excuse me for interrupting/ says I, 'but Request for Interrupting A Ruler of Men / can you tell me how a man could get forgiveness 955 married quickly?* 8 They find them wild out there in the Request for Expressing The Atavism of canons.' He holds out his hand to John forgiveness Regret John Tom Little Tom, the little rascal. Please excuse me, Bear / 960 sir/ says he, 'for shooting at you. I hope it didn't hurt you. But you ought to be more careful. 9 "Excuse me," said Peabody, rather Request for Getting The Roads We
nervously, "for speaking of it, but I've forgiveness Attention Take / 1177 been talking to Williams. 10 "Excuse me," he said, "but would you Request for Getting One Thousand mind telling me what you would do if forgiveness Attention Dollars / 1288 you had a thousand dollars?" 11 Sorry I couldn't bring in the automobile Request for Expressing The Defeat of the for you, but dad's bull-tonguing the ten forgiveness Regret City / 1292 acre clover patch with it today. Guess you'll excuse my not wearing a dress suit over to meet you it isn‟t six o'clock yet, you know." 12 "Excuse me” said Kerner, with his wan, Request for Getting The Fool-Killer / amiable smile; "was I talking to myself? forgiveness Attention 1327 I think it is getting to be a habit with me." 13 "Excuse me, friend,'* said he. "Could I Request for Getting From Each have a few minutes' talk with you on the forgiveness Attention According to His level?" Ability / 1353 14 "Stranger," said he, "excuse me for Request for Expressing The Assessor of troubling you, but do you know anybody forgiveness Regret Succes / 1394 in this here town named Solomon Smothers? He's my son, and I've come down from Ellenville to visit him. Be darned if I know what I done with his street and number." 15 "Lady," said the Man from Nome, Request for Expressing The Ferry of respectfully, "excuse me for speaking to forgiveness Regret Unfulfilment / you, but I saw you on the street, and" 1472 16 "Excuse me," said Forster; "but I thought Request for Getting The Ventures / you were going to ring up Grimes about forgiveness Attention 1620 that theatre party for Thursday night. Had you forgotten about it?" 17 "You'll excuse me for speaking, miss, Request for Getting Hearts and Hands but, I see you're acquainted with the forgiveness Attention / 1666 marshal here. If you'll ask him to speak a word for me when we get to the pen he'll do it, and it'll make things easier for me there. The Total of Expression 17 expression from 17 short stories
4. Forgive Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story No. Title/page Josefa's conscience drove her to make Request for Epressing The Princess and further amends. She held out her hand forgiveness Regret the Puma / 236 penitently. There was a bright, unshed drop in each of her eyes. "Please forgive me, Mr. Givens, won't you? I'm only a girl, you know, and I was frightened at first. I'm very, very sorry I shot Bill. You don't know how ashamed I feel. I wouldn't have done it 1 for anything." "I heard of you there. I told myself that I Request for Expressing To Him Who must see you. I want to ask your forgiveness Regret Waits / 744 2 forgiveness. I sold my happiness for
money. There were others to be provided for but that does not excuse me. I just wanted to see you and ask your forgiveness. You have lived here ten years, they tell me, cherishing my memory! "I know I done wrong. I will never touch Request for Expressing Suite Homes and ice cream again. I forgot you were not a forgiveness Regret Their Romance / millionaire. I used to go there every day. 1165 But to-day I felt some strange, sad presentiment of evil, and I was not myself. I ate only eleven saucers." "Say no more," said Claude, gently, as he fondly caressed her waving curls. "And you are sure that you fully forgive me?" asked Vivien, gazing at him entreatingly with dewy eyes of heavenly 3 blue. Again, there was, on the beauty page, a Request for Expressing A Newspaper complete answer to a young lady inquirer forgiveness Regret Story / 1199 who desired admonition toward the securing of bright eyes, rosy cheeks, and a beautiful countenance. One other item requiring special cognizance was a brief "personal/* running thus: Dear Jack: Forgive me. You were right. Meet me at corner of Madison and the at 8:30 this morning. 4 We leave at noon. She cast herself, wildly sobbing, upon Request for Blind Man's his breast. forgiveness Holiday / 1227 "Better than life then truth itself than everything." "And my own past," said Lorison, with a note of solicitude "can you forgive and" 5 "I answered you that," she whispered, But instead of being pushed away, she Request for The Count and found Andy's arm folding her closer. She forgiveness the Wedding looked up and saw his face cleared and Guest / 1464 smiling. "Could you could you forgive me, Andy?" "Sure," said Andy. "It's all right about that. Back to the cemetery for the Count. You've straightened everything out, Maggie. I was in hopes you would 6 before the wedding-day, Bully girl!" You've straightened everything out, Request for The Count and Maggie. I was in hopes you would before forgiveness the Wedding the wedding-day, Bully girl!" Guest / 1464 "Andy," said Maggie, with a somewhat shy smile, after she had been thoroughly assured of forgiveness, "did you believe all that story about the Count?" "Well, not to any large extent," said Andy, reaching for his cigar case; "because it's Big Mike Sullivan's picture 7 you've got in that locket of yours."
Our rule is that legal-tender money must Request for Strictly Business / be paid down at the time of purchase. forgiveness 1498 My dear Kelley, your friend, General Falcon, shall have this lot of arms, if he desires it, at the manufacturer's price. And you will forgive me, I am sure, if I curtail our interview. I am expecting the Japanese Minister and Charles Murphy 8 every moment!" And then he said: "Helen, do you not Request for The Thing's the remember me? I think I have seen it in forgiveness Play / 1542 your eyes. Can you forgive the past and remember the love that has lasted for twenty years? I wronged you deeply I was afraid to come back to you but my love overpowered my reason. Can you, will you, forgive me?" Helen stood up. The mysterious stranger held one of her 9 hands in a strong and trembling clasp. The music and the musician called her, Request for The Thing's the and at her side honor and the old love forgiveness Play / 1543 held her back. "Forgive me," he pleaded. "Twenty years is a long time to remain away from the one you say you love," she declared, with a purgatorial touch. "How could I tell?" he begged. "I will conceal nothing from you. That night when he left I followed him. I was mad with jealousy. On a dark street I struck 10 him down. He did not rise. The Total of Expression 10 Expression from 8 short stories
5. Fault No. Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 "I'm very sorry," said Richard, as Acknowledgement of Mammon and the he resumed his seat, "but it looks responsibility – Archer / 56 as if we are stuck. They won't get Accepting the blame this jumble loosened up in an hour. It was my fault. If I hadn't dropped the ring we ""Let me see the ring," said Miss Lantry. "Now that it can't be helped, I don't care. I think theatres are stupid, anyway." 2 I couldn't bear the lights and the Acknowledgement of The Greater Coney crowd. Are you forgiving' me, responsibility - / 914 Denny, for the words we had?'" Accepting the blame 'It was my fault,' says I. 'I came here for the same reason myself. Look at the lights, Norah,' I says, turning my back to the sea ain't they pretty?* The Total of Expression 2 Expression from 2 short stories
6. Did Not Mean To No. Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 I explained to Mame, and she leaves it to Acknowledgement Expressing Cupid A La Carte / me to decide. She doesn't become of responsibility – Regret 198 galvanic and prosecuting, as most Expressing the women would, but she says it's all right; lack of intent she knows I didn't mean to do it. "We found the house was deserted. It had two empty rooms. There was a little shed in the yard where beasts had once been kept. In a loft of it was a lot of old hay. I put my horses is there and gave them some of it, for which they looked at me sorrowful, expecting apologies. 2 "Sure/' he said off-handedly. Acknowledgement Expressing Sociology in Serge "The Tallow jackets' play the 'Long of responsibility – Regret and Straw / 1142 Islands.* I'm cap'n of the 'Long Islands/" Expressing the "I guess I didn't mean to say you were lack of intent ragged," said Haywood. "But you are dirty, you know." "Sure," said "Smoky." "Yet get that way knockin' around. 3 "If you don't behave," says I, "111 take Acknowledgement Expressing The Ransom of Red you straight home. Now, are you going of responsibility – Regret Chief / 1148 to be good, or not?" Expressing the "I was only funning," says he, sullenly. lack of intent "I didn't mean to hurt Old Hank. But what did he hit me for? Ill behave, Snake-eye, if ^ you won't send me home, and if you'll let me play the Black Scout to-day." 4 "You will remain at this bench for ten Acknowledgement Expressing While the Auto minutes after I have left. I do not mean of responsibility – Regret Waits / 1281 to accuse you, but you are probably Expressing the aware that autos generally bear the lack of intent monogram of their owner. Again, good night."
5 "Oh, let's have the rest, old man," Acknowledgement Expressing Ti Roses, Ruses shouted Sammy, contritely, "I didn't of responsibility – Regret and Romance / mean to cut you off. I'm not much of a Expressing the 1314 poetry expert, you know. I never saw a lack of intent poem that didn't look like it ought to have terminal facilities at the end of every verse. 6 "Oh, well," said "Bunco Harry, raising Acknowledgement Expressing The Poet and The his eyebrows, "I didn't mean to butt in. of responsibility – Regret Peasant / 1518 You don't have to tell. I thought you Expressing the ought to tone down a little, so I tried to lack of intent put you wise. Wish you success at your graft, whatever it is. Come and have a drink, anyhow." The Total of Expression 6 Expression from 6 short stories
7. Pardon No. Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 "Pardon me," I said, "but my curiosity A Request for Introducing A Cosmopolite in a was not altogether an idle one. forgiveness disagreement Café / 13 I know the South, and when the band / correction plays 'Dixie' I like to observe. I have formed the belief that the man who applauds that air with special violence and ostensible sectional loyalty is invariably a native of either Secaucus, N. J., or the district between Murray Hill Lyceum and the Harlem River, this city. 2 His Highness arose and went to the A Request for The Caliph, Cupid young man's bench. forgiveness and the Clock / 78 "I beg your pardon for addressing you" he said, "But I perceive that you are disturbed in mind. If it may serve to mitigate the liberty I have taken I will add that I am Prince Michael, heir to the throne of the Electorate of Valleluna. 3 "Who are ye that disturb honest folk at A Request for Expressing Roads of Destiny / this time of night? My house is closed. forgiveness Regret 357 Tis too late for profitable travellers to be abroad. Cease knocking at my door, and be off." "Open!" spluttered the postilion, loudly; "open for Monseigneur the Marquis de Beaupertuys." "Ah!" cried the voice above. "Ten thousand pardons, my lord. I did not know the hour is so late at once shall the door be opened, and the house placed at my lord's disposal."
4 "Perhaps in the third story, then?" A Request for Expresing Roads of Destiny / "No, madame; higher up." forgiveness Regret 363 The lady fluttered her fingers with the least possible gesture of impatience. "Pardon. Certainly I am not discreet in asking. Monsieur will forgive me? It is surely not becoming that I should inquire where he lodges." "Madame, do not say so. I live in the" 5 "If you please, your majesty," interrupted A Request for Expressing The Guardian of the a harsh voice, "I will ask a question or forgiveness Regret Accolade / 366 two of this rhymester. There is little time to spare. I crave pardon, sire if my anxiety for your safety offends." "The loyalty," said the king, "of the Duke d'Aumale is too well proven to give offense." He sank into his chair, and the film came again over his eyes. 6 "Oh, yes, Mr. Tate," said I. "History is A Request for Introducing Next to Reading bright and fiction dull with homely men forgiveness disagremen Matter / 392 who have charmed women. There seems correction "Pardon me," interrupted Judson Tate, "but you don't quite understand. You have yet to hear my story. "Fergus McMahan was a friend of mine in the capital. For a handsome man, I'll admit he was the duty-free merchandise. He had blond curls and laughing blue eyes and was featured regularly. 7 I don't suppose you ever dissected the A Request for Getting Next to Reading arytenoid cartilages of the epiglottis, did forgiveness Attention Matter / 399 you?" "Why, no," said I, "I am no surgeon." "Pardon me," said Judson Tate, "but every man should know enough of anatomy and therapeutics to safeguard his own health. 8 There was about her yet an aurum of A Request for Getting A Departmental indignant, unappeased, protesting youth forgiveness Attention Case / 490 that shone faintly through the premature veil of unearned decline. "I beg your pardon, ma'am," said the commissioner, gaining his feet to the accompaniment of a great creaking and sliding off his chair. "Are you the governor, sir?'* asked the vision of melancholy. 9 "Yes, yes well oh, that wasn't anything," A Request for Getting A Departmental said Standifer, "hemming" loudly and forgiveness Attention Case / 491 buttoning his coat again briskly. "And now, ma'am, who was the infernal skunk I beg your pardon, ma'am who was the gentleman you married?" "Benton Sharp." The commissioner plumped down again into his chair with a groan. 10 He must have drifted into a dream and an A Request for Introducing The Renaissance at extravagant one for he was master of forgiveness disagreement Charleroi / 503
Charleroi and Adele was his wife. She / correction was coming out to him now; he could hear her steps; he could feel her hand upon his shoulder "Pardon mom, M'shi Grande" it was Absalom's hand touching him, it was Absalom's voice, speaking the patois of the blacks "but it is eight o'clock." 11 '"Why, it's Deering!' says the young A Request for Interrupting The Halberdier of swell 'Hello, old man. What the" forgiveness the Little 'Beg pardon, sir/ interrupts the Rheinschloss / 533 halberdier, Tm waiting on the table.' "The old man looks at him grim, like a Boston bull.‟So, Deering/ he says, 'you're at work yet/ 12 "Stupid incompetent/ says she, giving A Request for Expressing The Halberdier of him a look.‟Standing in a corner with a forgiveness Regret the Little halberd seems to be your mission in life" Rheinschloss / 534 'Pardon me, lady/ says he. It was just a little bit hotter than blazes. I couldn't help it/ "The old man pulls out a memorandum book and hunts in it. The 25th of April, Deering/ says he. 'I know it/ says Sir Percival. 13 "He came out to the gate and shook A Request for Getting The Lonesome hands; and I says, with scorn, and forgiveness Attention Road / 545 speaking like a paroquet with the pip: 'Beg pardon Mr. Rountree, I believe. Seems to me I satiated in your associations once^ if I am not mistaken.* "Oh, go to the devil, Buck,* says Perry, polite, as I was afraid he'd be. 14 He's bound to be elected Mayor of New A Request for Getting The Rose of Dixie / York. It'll make a big hit all over the forgiveness Attention 685 country. He " "I beg your pardon," said Colonel Telfair, stiffening in his chair. "What was the name?" "Oh, I see," said Thacker, with half a grin. "Yes, he's a son of the General. We'll pass that manuscript up. 15 Hetty addressed her in the punctiliously A Request for Expressing The Third formal tone of one who intends to be forgiveness Regret Ingredient / 691 cheerfully familiar with you in the second round. "Beg pardon/' she said, "for butting into what's not my business, but if you peel them potatoes you lose out. They're new Bermudas, You want to scrape 'em. Lemme show you." She took a potato and the knife, and began to demonstrate. 16 In them he saw the Jolly Roger fly to the A Request for The Third masthead and an able seaman with a dirk forgiveness Ingredient / 695 between his teeth scurry up the ratlines and nail it there. But as yet he did not know that the cargo he carried was the
thing that had caused him to be so nearly blown out of the water without even a parley. "Beg your pardon/ said Hetty, as sweetly as her dilute acetic acid tones permitted, "but did you find that onion on the stairs? There was a hole in the paper bag; and I've just come out to look for it" 17 "I do not," said the young man. "I come A Request for The Third to see Bevens sometimes. He's my forgiveness Ingredient / 695 friend. I live two blocks west." "What are you going to do with the onion? begging your pardon," said Hetty. "I'm going to eat it." "Raw?" "Yes : as soon as I get home." 18 "Then why," pursued Hetty, inflexibly, A Request for Expressing The Third "were you going to eat a raw onion?" forgiveness Regret Ingredient / 697 "My mother," said the young man, "always made me eat one for a cold. Pardon my referring to a physical infirmity; but you may have noticed that I have a very, very severe cold. I was going to eat the onion and go to bed. I wonder why I am standing here and apologizing to you for it." 19 "You bet well go. I'll answer for Miss A Request for Introducing Schools and Barbara. Tell the boy to say forgiveness Disagreement Schools / 710 to Mr. Warren, 'You bet we'll go” / correction "Nevada," called old Jerome, "pardon me, my dear, but wouldn't it be as well to send him a note in reply? Just a line would do," "No, I won't bother about that," said Nevada, gayly. "Gilbert will understand he always does* I never rode in an automobile in my life 20 "Oh, I don't know," interrupted the man A Request for Introducing The Pride of the from Topaz City. "There were twelve forgiveness disagreement Cities / 892 tramps in our jail when I left home. I / correction guess New York isn't "Beg pardon, you seem to misapprehend the idea. Of course, you visited the Stock Exchange and Wall Street, where the" "Oh, yes," said the man from Topaz City, as he lighted a Pennsylvania stogie, "and I want to tell you that we've got the finest town marshal west of the Rockies. 21 Three blocks farther along the A Request for The Adventures of gentleman rose to leave the car. Jolnes forgiveness Shamrock Jolnes / addressed him at the door: 906 "Pardon me, sir, but are you not Colonel Hunter, of Norfolk, Virginia?" "No, suh," was the extremely courteous answer. "My name, suh, is EllisonMajor Winfield R. Ellison, from Fairfax County, in the same state.
22 Will you kindly open the door for me?" A Request for The Caliph and the asked the lady. Corny assisted her to forgiveness Cad / 931 enter, and took of? his hat. The escort was beginning to scramble up from the sidewalk. "I beg your pardon, ma'am," said Corny, "if he's your man. "He's no man of mine," said the lady. "Perhaps he but there's no chance of his being now. Drive home, Michael. If you care to take this with my thanks." 23 "That's a corking story," said the A Request for Expressing The Diamond of reporter. "That decanter is exactly like forgiveness Regret Kali / 933 the one that John W. Gates always sets out during an interview." "Pardon me," said General Ludlow, "for forgetting hospitality In the excitement of my narrative. Help yourself/' "Here's looking at you," said the reporter. 24 "He may enter," I said, with decision, A Request for Expressing A Dinner at ----- / "and only enter. Valets do not usually forgiveness Regret 1008 enter a room shouting college songs or with St. Vitus's dance in their faces; so the contrary may be assumed without fatuous or gratuitous asseveration." **I must ask you to pardon me/* continued Van Sweiler, gracefully, "for annoying you with questions, but some of your methods are a little new to me. Shall I don a full-dress suit with an immaculate white tie or is there aiK>ther tradition to be upset?" 25 "How do you know these things?" I A Request for Expresing A Dinner at ----- / inquired, with sudden suspicion. forgiveness Regret 1010 "You never came into existence until this morning. You are only a character in fiction, anyway. I, myself, created you. How is it possible for you to know anything?" "Pardon me for referring to it," said Van Sweller, with a sympathetic smile, "but I have been the hero of hundreds of stories of this kind." 26 What should follow "MISS LORE A Request for Expressing Sound and Fury / (looking up with a start) I'm sure I can't forgiveness Regret 1013 say, Mr. Penne. Unless (with a giggle) you would want to add "Gallegher." MR. PENNE (coldly) Pardon me. I was not seeking to impose upon you the task of a collaborator. Kindly consider the question as a part of the text. MISS LORE Oh! 27 "Young man," said Mr. Cleveland, A Request for Expressing A Snapshoot at the sternly, "you are going a little too far. forgiveness Regret President / 1029 My private affairs do not concern the public." I begged his pardon, and he recovered his good humor in a moment.
"You Texans have a great representative in Senator Mills," he said. "I think the greatest two speeches I ever heard were his address before the Senate advocating the removal of the tariff on salt and increasing it on the chloride of sodium." 28 "I beg your pardon, Florence," he said, A Request for Expressing The World and the releasing her hand; "but I'll have to forgiveness Regret Door / 1098 hedge on part of what I said. I can't ask you to marry me, of course. I killed a man in New York a man who was my friend shot him down in quite a cowardly manner, I understand. Of course, the drinking didn't excuse it. Well, I couldn't resist having my say; and I'll always mean it. I'm here as a fugitive from justice, and I suppose that ends our acquaintance." 29 "I beg your pardon, madam," A Request for Introducing The Hypotheses of interrupted Lawyer Gooch, with some forgiveness disagreement Failure / 1116 impatience, "for reminding you again / correction that this is a law office. Perhaps Mrs. Wilcox" "Mrs. Wilcox is all right/ cut in the lady, with a hint of asperity. "And so are Tolstoi, and Mrs. Gertrude Atherton, and Omar Khayyam, and Mr. Edward Bok. Fve read 'em all. 30 "I am quite a plain man," said father A Request for Expressing Blind Man's Rogan, pleasantly; "but I do not see how forgiveness Regret Holiday / 1233 I am to ask you questions." "Pardon my indirectness," said Lorison; "I will ask one. In this room to-night you pronounced me to be a husband. You afterwards spoke of additional rites or performances that either should or could be effected. 31 After a few friendly and well received A Request for A Lickpenny Lover remarks on general subjects, he laid his forgiveness / 1263 card by her hand on the counter. "Will you please pardon me," he said, "if I seem too bold; but I earnestly hope you will allow me the pleasure of seeing you again. There is my name; I assure you that it is with the greatest respect that I ask the favor of becoming one of your acquaintances. May I not hope for the privilege?" 32 I asked you to sit down; if the invitation A Request for Expressing While the Auto must constitute me your honeysuckle, forgiveness Regret Waits / 1279 consider it withdrawn." "I earnestly beg your pardon/' pleaded the young man. His expression of satisfaction had changed to one of penitence and humility. "It was my fault, you know I mean, there are girls in parks, you know that is, of course, you don't know, but"
33 Lawyer Tolman looked at him hostilely A Request for Getting One Thousand and inquiringly through his gold-rimmed forgiveness Attention Dollar / 1288 glasses. "I beg your pardon," said Gillian, cheerfully, "But may I ask you a question? It is not an impertinent one, I hope. Was Miss Hayden left anything by my uncle's will besides the ring and the $10?" "Nothing," said Mr. Tolman. 34 The first pale stars came out over the A Request for Getting A Midsummer mountain tops where yet a faint glow of forgiveness Attention Knight's Dream / "I beg your pardon, Mr. Gaines," said 1454 Adkins. The man who believed New York to be the finest summer resort in the world opened his eyes and kicked over the mucilage bottle on his desk. "I believe I was asleep," he said. 35 In pouncing upon their self-evident prey, A Request for The Gold That Mr. Kelley was a shade the quicker. His forgiveness Glittered / 1495 elbow fended accurately the onslaught of Mr. McGuire, "G'wan!" he commanded harshly. "I saw it first." McGuire slunk away, awed by superior intelligence. "Pardon me," said Mr. Kelley, to the General, "but you got balled up in the shuffle, didn't you? Let me assist you." He picked up the General's hat and brushed the dust from it. 36 I felt her wonderful eyes searching mine A Request for Expressing A Ramble in and my face more closely. forgiveness Regret Aphasia / 1548 "Yes, you have," she amended, and there was a soft, exultant note in her latest tones; "I see it now. You haven't forgotten. You haven't forgotten for a year or a day or an hour. I told you never could." I poked my straw anxiously in the crème de menthe. "I'm sure I beg your pardon," I said, a little uneasy at her gaze. "But it is just the trouble. I have forgotten. I've forgotten everything." 37 I unwound her arms respectfully, but A Request for Expressing A Ramble in firmly. "Madame," I said, severely, forgiveness Regret Aphasia / 1550 "pardon me if I suggest that you accept a resemblance too precipitately. It is a pity," I went on, with an amused laugh, as the thought occurred to me, "that this Bellford and I could not be kept side by side upon the same shelf like tartrates of sodium and antimony for purposes of identification. 38 Fuzzy lifted his glass and smiled Expressing Compliments of vacantly. Regret the Season / 1581 "P-pardon, lady," he said, "but couldn't leave without exchanging' compliments season with lady the house. Against
principles gentleman' dosho." And then he began the ancient salutation that was a tradition in the House when men wore lace ruffles and powder. "The blessings of another year" 39 Two inches below her black dress A Request for Expressing Past One at dropped the lowest flounce of a forgiveness Regret Rooney's / 1608 heliotrope silk underskirt. "Beg your pardon," said Cork, looking at her admiringly. "I didn't mean anything. Sure, it's no harm to smoke, Maudy." "Rooney's," said the girl, softened at once by his amends "is the only place I know where a lady can smoke. Maybe it isn‟t a nice habit, but aunty let us at home. And my name ain't Maudy, if you please; it's Ruby Delamere." 40 "My dear doctor," said Knight, a little A Request for Getting The Detective stiffly, "I would remind you that I am no forgiveness Attention Detector / 1673 gambler." "I beg your pardon," said I. "But I do not think you will find Jolnes." The cab stopped before one of the handsomest residences on the avenue. Walking up and down in front of the house was a man with long red whiskers, with a detective's badge showing on the lapel of his coat. 41 "Rot!" said Hollis, rudely, when I had A Request for Getting The Dog and the given those lines with proper emphasis. forgiveness Attention Playlet / 1676 "I beg your pardon!" I said as sweetly as I could. "Come now," went on Hollis, "don't be an idiot. You know very well that nobody spouts any stufl like that these days. That sketch went along all right until you rang in the skyrockets. The Total of Expression 41 Expressions of 32 Short stories Total expressions of sorry that appear in the short story is 41 expressions of 32/108 short stories. 8. Confused NO Apology Expression Strategy Reason Short Story Title/page 1 The other day I became confused. I Acknowledgement The Voice Of The needed a ray of light. I turned back to of responsibility – City / 1254 those school days for aid. But in all the Expressing self- nasal harmonies we whined forth from deficiency those hard benches I could not recall one that treated of the voice of agglomerated mankind. The Total of Expression 1 Expressions from 1 Short Story
9. You Are Right Short Story NO Apology Expression Strategy Reason Title/page
'But think of 'em writing to ME!' says Acknowledgement Introducing Shearing The Wolf Murkison. of responsibility – disagreement / 302 "A few days later he drops around Recognizing the / correction again." other person as a 'Boys,' says he, 'I know you are right or I deserving apology wouldn't confide in you. I wrote to them rascals again just for fun. They answered and told me to come on to Chicago. They said telegraph to J. Smith when I would 1 start. "What's the matter?" he asked. Acknowledgement Introducing Let Me Feel Your "The matter is," said I, "that there are no of responsibility – disagreement Pulse / 883 aero planes handy. So I am going to Recognizing the / correction merrily and hastily jog the foot-pathway other person as a to yon station and catch the first deserving apology unlimited-soft-coal express back to town." "Well," said the doctor, "perhaps you are right. This seems hardly the suitable place for you. But what you need is rest 2 absolute rest and exercise." When I get to the city, which will be Acknowledgement Introducing Some Letters / 1075 shortly, I will send you some account of of responsibility – disagreement this country and its inmates. Recognizing the / correction You are right, I have almost forgotten other person as a what a regular old, gumchewing, ice- deserving apology cream-destroying, opera ticket vortex, 3 ivory-clawing girl looks like. "She shall go," he declared, grimly. Acknowledgement Introducing Girl / 1137 Drops stood upon his brow. "Why should of responsibility – disagreement I let that woman make my life miserable? Recognizing the / correction Never have I seen one day of freedom other person as a from trouble since I have known her. deserving apology You are right, Vivienne. Heloi'se -must be sent away before I can take you home. But she shall go. I have decided. I will turn her from my doors." "When will you do this?" asked the girl. Hartley clinched his teeth and bent his 4 brows together. The Total of Expression 4 Expression from 4 short story
CURRICULUM VITAE
NOER FITRIA TSANI SUWARJI
ENGLISH LITERATURE
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
PERSONAL PROFILE
Name Noer Fitria Tsani Suwarji Place and Date of Birth Jambi, 30th November 1997 Instagram @knorae_ Facebook Noer Fitria Tsani E-Mail [email protected]
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2009 SD N. 61/IX Kumpeh Ulu, Muaro Jambi
2012 MTs N Jambi Timur Kota Jambi
2015 MAN Model Jambi