Taiwan's Chinese Language Development and the Creation Of
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Top 100 Languages by Total Number of Native Speakers in 2007 Rank
This is a service by the Basel Institute of Commons and Economics. Browse more rankings on: http://commons.ch/world-rankings/ Top 100 languages by total number of native speakers in 2007 Number of Country with most Share of world rank country speakers in native speakers population millions 1. Mandarin Chinese 935 10.14% China 2. Spanish 415 5.85% Mexico 3. English 395 5.52% USA 4. Hindi 310 4.46% India 5. Arabic 295 3.24% Egypt 6. Portuguese 215 3.08% Brasilien 7. Bengali 205 3.05% Bangladesh 8. Russian 160 2.42% Russia 9. Japanese 125 1.92% Japan 10. Punjabi 95 1.44% Pakistan 11. German 92 1.39% Germany 12. Javanese 82 1.25% Indonesia 13. Wu Chinese 80 1.20% China 14. Malay 77 1.16% Indonesia 15. Telugu 76 1.15% India 16. Vietnamese 76 1.14% Vietnam 17. Korean 76 1.14% South Korea 18. French 75 1.12% France 19. Marathi 73 1.10% India 20. Tamil 70 1.06% India 21. Urdu 66 0.99% Pakistan 22. Turkish 63 0.95% Turkey 23. Italian 59 0.90% Italy 24. Cantonese 59 0.89% China 25. Thai 56 0.85% Thailand 26. Gujarati 49 0.74% India 27. Jin Chinese 48 0.72% China 28. Min Nan Chinese 47 0.71% Taiwan 29. Persian 45 0.68% Iran You want to score on countries by yourself? You can score eight indicators in 41 languages on https://trustyourplace.com/ This is a service by the Basel Institute of Commons and Economics. -
Women and the Law Reprinted Congressional
WOMEN AND THE LAW REPRINTED FROM THE 2007 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 10, 2007 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 40–784 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 13:14 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\40784.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate SANDER LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota, Co-Chairman MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio MAX BAUCUS, Montana MICHAEL M. HONDA, California CARL LEVIN, Michigan TOM UDALL, New Mexico DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota SHERROD BROWN, Ohio DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska EDWARD R. ROYCE, California GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey MEL MARTINEZ, Florida EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS PAULA DOBRIANSKY, Department of State CHRISTOPHER R. HILL, Department of State HOWARD M. RADZELY, Department of Labor DOUGLAS GROB, Staff Director MURRAY SCOT TANNER, Deputy Staff Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 13:14 Feb 20, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 U:\DOCS\40784.TXT DEIDRE C O N T E N T S Page Status of Women ............................................................................................. -
Official Colours of Chinese Regimes: a Panchronic Philological Study with Historical Accounts of China
TRAMES, 2012, 16(66/61), 3, 237–285 OFFICIAL COLOURS OF CHINESE REGIMES: A PANCHRONIC PHILOLOGICAL STUDY WITH HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF CHINA Jingyi Gao Institute of the Estonian Language, University of Tartu, and Tallinn University Abstract. The paper reports a panchronic philological study on the official colours of Chinese regimes. The historical accounts of the Chinese regimes are introduced. The official colours are summarised with philological references of archaic texts. Remarkably, it has been suggested that the official colours of the most ancient regimes should be the three primitive colours: (1) white-yellow, (2) black-grue yellow, and (3) red-yellow, instead of the simple colours. There were inconsistent historical records on the official colours of the most ancient regimes because the composite colour categories had been split. It has solved the historical problem with the linguistic theory of composite colour categories. Besides, it is concluded how the official colours were determined: At first, the official colour might be naturally determined according to the substance of the ruling population. There might be three groups of people in the Far East. (1) The developed hunter gatherers with livestock preferred the white-yellow colour of milk. (2) The farmers preferred the red-yellow colour of sun and fire. (3) The herders preferred the black-grue-yellow colour of water bodies. Later, after the Han-Chinese consolidation, the official colour could be politically determined according to the main property of the five elements in Sino-metaphysics. The red colour has been predominate in China for many reasons. Keywords: colour symbolism, official colours, national colours, five elements, philology, Chinese history, Chinese language, etymology, basic colour terms DOI: 10.3176/tr.2012.3.03 1. -
10 Reasons for Learning Chinese in Taiwan
10 Reasons for Learning Chinese in Taiwan An Excellent A Perfect Place Environment for High Standard to Learn Chinese ͜ of Living ͙ Learning Chinese ͠ Mandarin Chinese is the official 35 Mandarin training centers Taiwan’s infrastructure is advanced, language of Taiwan. The most in Taiwan provide high quality and its law-enforcement and effective way to learn Mandarin teachers and facilities, a variety of transportation, communication, is to study traditional Chinese high quality courses for students of medical and public health systems characters in the modern, Mandarin all levels of proficiency, and small are excellent. In Taiwan, foreign speaking society of Taiwan. classes. Most importantly, outside students live and study in safety of class, you will be immersed in and comfort. Chinese language and culture. Don’t miss it! A Repository of Test of Chinese as a ͚ Chinese Culture Foreign Language ͡ (TOCFL) The National Palace Museum Available has a great collection of artifacts Scholarships ͝ The Test Of Chinese as a Foreign spanning the history of Chinese Language (TOCFL), is given to civilization. Taiwanese Opera and To encourage students from international students to assess Glove Puppetry, and aboriginal foreign countries to learn their Mandarin Chinese listening culture, add to the cultural Chinese, the government provides and reading comprehension. richness of Taiwan. Nowhere will two scholarships. In addition, See p.10-11 for more information international students find a better some Chinese learning centers place to experience and learn about provide scholarships. Chinese culture. See p.6-7 for more information Work While ͙͘ You Study Learn Complete, A Free and While learning Chinese in Taiwan, Traditional Chinese Democratic Society students may be able to work part- ͛ Characters ͞ time. -
Life, Thought and Image of Wang Zheng, a Confucian-Christian in Late Ming China
Life, Thought and Image of Wang Zheng, a Confucian-Christian in Late Ming China Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Ruizhong Ding aus Qishan, VR. China Bonn, 2019 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Dr. Manfred Hutter, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kubin, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Betreuer und Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Ralph Kauz, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Veronika Veit, Institut für Orient- und Asienwissenschaften (weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung:22.07.2019 Acknowledgements Currently, when this dissertation is finished, I look out of the window with joyfulness and I would like to express many words to all of you who helped me. Prof. Wolfgang Kubin accepted me as his Ph.D student and in these years he warmly helped me a lot, not only with my research but also with my life. In every meeting, I am impressed by his personality and erudition deeply. I remember one time in his seminar he pointed out my minor errors in the speech paper frankly and patiently. I am indulged in his beautiful German and brilliant poetry. His translations are full of insightful wisdom. Every time when I meet him, I hope it is a long time. I am so grateful that Prof. Ralph Kauz in the past years gave me unlimited help. In his seminars, his academic methods and sights opened my horizons. Usually, he supported and encouraged me to study more fields of research. -
Chinese Zheng and Identity Politics in Taiwan A
CHINESE ZHENG AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN TAIWAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MUSIC DECEMBER 2018 By Yi-Chieh Lai Dissertation Committee: Frederick Lau, Chairperson Byong Won Lee R. Anderson Sutton Chet-Yeng Loong Cathryn H. Clayton Acknowledgement The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the support of many individuals. First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Frederick Lau, for his professional guidelines and mentoring that helped build up my academic skills. I am also indebted to my committee, Dr. Byong Won Lee, Dr. Anderson Sutton, Dr. Chet- Yeng Loong, and Dr. Cathryn Clayton. Thank you for your patience and providing valuable advice. I am also grateful to Emeritus Professor Barbara Smith and Dr. Fred Blake for their intellectual comments and support of my doctoral studies. I would like to thank all of my interviewees from my fieldwork, in particular my zheng teachers—Prof. Wang Ruei-yu, Prof. Chang Li-chiung, Prof. Chen I-yu, Prof. Rao Ningxin, and Prof. Zhou Wang—and Prof. Sun Wenyan, Prof. Fan Wei-tsu, Prof. Li Meng, and Prof. Rao Shuhang. Thank you for your trust and sharing your insights with me. My doctoral study and fieldwork could not have been completed without financial support from several institutions. I would like to first thank the Studying Abroad Scholarship of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan and the East-West Center Graduate Degree Fellowship funded by Gary Lin. -
The Investigation and Recording of Contemporary Taiwanese Calligraphers the Ink Trend Association and Xu Yong-Jin
The Investigation and Recording of Contemporary Taiwanese Calligraphers The Ink Trend Association and Xu Yong-jin Ching-Hua LIAO Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Professional Doctorate in Design National Institute for Design Research Faculty of Design Swinburne University of Technology March 2008 Ching-Hua LIAO Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Professional Doctorate in Design National Institute for Design Research Faculty of Design Swinburne University of Technology March 2008 Abstract The aim of this thesis is both to highlight the intrinsic value and uniqueness of the traditional Chinese character and to provide an analysis of contemporary Taiwanese calligraphy. This project uses both the thesis and the film documentary to analyse and record the achievement of the calligraphic art of the first contemporary Taiwanese calligraphy group, the Ink Trend Association, and the major Taiwanese calligrapher, Xu Yong-jin. The significance of the recording of the work of the Ink Trend Association and Xu Yong- jin lies not only in their skills in executing Chinese calligraphy, but also in how they broke with tradition and established a contemporary Taiwanese calligraphy. The documentary is one of the methods used to record history. Art documentaries are in a minority in Taiwan, and especially documentaries that explore calligraphy. This project recorded the Ink Trend Association and Xu Yong-jin over a period of five years. It aims to help scholars researching Chinese culture to cherish the beauty of the Chinese character, that they may endeavour to protect it from being sacrificed on the altar of political power, and that more research in this field may be stimulated. -
On the Status of “Prenuclear” Glides in Mandarin Chinese: Articulatory
Temporal Organization of On-glides across Sinitic languages Feng-fan Hsieh, Guan-sheng Li and Yueh- chin Chang National Tsing Hua University Acknowledgements • We would like to thank Louis Goldstein, Mark Tiede, Jason Shaw, Donald Derrick, Cathi Best, Michael Kenstowicz, Yen-Hwei Lin, Chiu-yu Tseng for assistance, questions, and/or comments. • This work is funded by a Ta-you Wu Memorial Award Grant (103-2410-H-007-036-MY3) from Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. Struck in the “medial”... • This work is a cross-linguistic/dialectal study of on-glides (a.k.a. pre-nuclear glides, the medial, etc.) in Sinitic languages. • How is the medial represented phonologically? • The medial (distinct sub-syllabic constituent) • Part of the onset • Part of the rime • Doubly linked/X-bar-based approach • Flat structure (no sub-syllabic constituents) Some previous attempts • See, e.g., Myers (2015) for a recent overview: • Rhyming • Phonotactics (static phonology) • Language game/syllable manipulation experiments • Acceptability judgment tasks • Speech errors • First language acquisition data • Acoustic measurements Puzzling diversity of results in the literature • Those conflicting results support either one of the following interpretations: • Part of the onset: Consonant cluster or secondary articulation • Part of the rime: Onglide or “true” diphthong • Mixed: E.g., /w/ belongs to the onset vs. /j/ belongs to the rime • Flat structure What about articulation? • Regarding syllables such as <suan> ‘sour’ in Mandarin Chinese, • Chao (1934) comments -
《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 CHINESE SCIENCE ABSTRACTS (Monthly, Established in 2006) Vol.10 No.1, 2015 (Sum No.103) Published on January 15, 2015
《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 《中国学术期刊文摘》赠阅 CHINESE SCIENCE ABSTRACTS (Monthly, Established in 2006) Vol.10 No.1, 2015 (Sum No.103) Published on January 15, 2015 Chinese Science Abstracts Competent Authority: China Association for Science and Technology Contents Supporting Organization: Department of Society Affairs and Academic Activities China Association for Science and Technology Hot Topic Sponsor: Science and Technology Review Publishing House Ebola Virus………………………………………………………………………1 Publisher: Science and Technology Review Publishing House High Impact Papers Editor-in-chief: CHEN Zhangliang Highly Cited Papers TOP5……………………………………………………11 Chief of the Staff/Deputy Editor-in-chief: Acoustics (11) Agricultural Engineering (12) Agriculture Dairy Animal Science (14) SU Qing [email protected] Agriculture Multidisciplinary (16) Agronomy (18) Allergy (20) Deputy Chief of the Staff/Deputy Editor-in-chief: SHI Yongchao [email protected] Anatomy Morphology (22) Andrology (24) Anesthesiology (26) Deputy Editor-in-chief: SONG Jun Architecture (28) Astronomy Astrophysics (29) Automation Control Systems (31) Deputy Director of Editorial Department: Biochemical Research Methods (33) Biochemistry Molecular Biology (34) WANG Shuaishuai [email protected] WANG Xiaobin Biodiversity Conservation (35) Biology (37) Biophysics (39) Biotechnology Applied Microbiology (41) Cell Biology (42) Executive Editor of this issue: WANG Shuaishuai Cell Tissue Engineering (43) Chemistry Analytical (45) Director of Circulation Department: Chemistry Applied (47) Chemistry Inorganic -
The Australia-China Youth Dialogue 中澳青年对话 2016 Report Thank You
THE AUSTRALIA-CHINA YOUTH DIALOGUE 中澳青年对话 2016 REPORT THANK YOU Dear friends of the Australia-China Youth Dialogue (ACYD), This report chronicles the further progress achieved in nurturing aspirational exchanges at the seventh ACYD, held in Hong Kong and Shenzhen from 28-31 October 2016. Following the example of its predecessors, the ACYD Board and Management Team worked energetically over the year to bring together emerging and current leaders from Australia and Greater China to explore future directions, challenges and WHAT IS THE ACYD 5 possibilities. Drawing on our Global Alumni Network, our Partners, our Leadership Council and many friends, the ABOUT US 6 ACYD Board and its Management Team chose 30 delegates from Australia and Greater China, with the goal of bringing together multi-disciplinary community of men and women composed of Australian and Chinese citizens aged 25-40; all with an identifiable sense of creative leadership, community consciousness and intellectual energy apparent in their previous professional, academic, entrepreneurial and other 2016 TESTIMONIALS 8 achievements. Our delegates represented a rich array of backgrounds. For instance, this included: diplomats, an ex- Wallaby turned architect, finance and law professionals, a high school teacher, a Rhodes Scholar who is PRIME MINISTER LETTER OF SUPPORT 9 an ophthalmic surgeon, journalists, Australia’s first Intellectual Property Counsellor to China, corporate executives, and entrepreneurs. This year’s delegates add to the 180 ACYD alumni group who already occupy many positions of influence DIALOGUE OVERVIEW 10 and leadership across the wide range of dynamic Australia-Greater China cooperation and interaction. The growth of the ACYD alumni network has achieved a depth, breadth, and scale of delegates, organisers, and speakers that can generate a range of unrivalled collaboration, creativity and constructive networking. -
THE MEDIA's INFLUENCE on SUCCESS and FAILURE of DIALECTS: the CASE of CANTONESE and SHAAN'xi DIALECTS Yuhan Mao a Thesis Su
THE MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF DIALECTS: THE CASE OF CANTONESE AND SHAAN’XI DIALECTS Yuhan Mao A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Language and Communication) School of Language and Communication National Institute of Development Administration 2013 ABSTRACT Title of Thesis The Media’s Influence on Success and Failure of Dialects: The Case of Cantonese and Shaan’xi Dialects Author Miss Yuhan Mao Degree Master of Arts in Language and Communication Year 2013 In this thesis the researcher addresses an important set of issues - how language maintenance (LM) between dominant and vernacular varieties of speech (also known as dialects) - are conditioned by increasingly globalized mass media industries. In particular, how the television and film industries (as an outgrowth of the mass media) related to social dialectology help maintain and promote one regional variety of speech over others is examined. These issues and data addressed in the current study have the potential to make a contribution to the current understanding of social dialectology literature - a sub-branch of sociolinguistics - particularly with respect to LM literature. The researcher adopts a multi-method approach (literature review, interviews and observations) to collect and analyze data. The researcher found support to confirm two positive correlations: the correlative relationship between the number of productions of dialectal television series (and films) and the distribution of the dialect in question, as well as the number of dialectal speakers and the maintenance of the dialect under investigation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to express sincere thanks to my advisors and all the people who gave me invaluable suggestions and help. -
3. Study Chinese in Beautiful Taiwan
TABLE OF CONTENTS 02 10 Reasons for Learning Chinese in Taiwan 04 Getting to Know Taiwan 06 More about Taiwan History Climate Geography Culture Ni Hao Cuisine 08 Applying to Learn Chinese in Taiwan Step-by-Step Procedures 09 Scholarships 10 Living in Taiwan Accommodations Services Work Transportation 12 Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) Organisation Introduction Test Introduction Target Test Taker Test Content Test Format Purpose of the TOCFL TOCFL Test Overseas Contact SC-TOP 14 Chinese Learning Centers in Taiwan - North 34 Chinese Learning Centers in Taiwan - Central 41 Chinese Learning Centers in Taiwan - South 53 Chinese Learning Centers in Taiwan - East 54 International Students in Taiwan 56 Courses at Chinese Learning Centers 60 Useful Links 學 8. High Standard of Living 華 10 REASONS FOR Taiwan’s infrastructure is advanced, and its law-enforcement and transportation, communication, medical and public health systems are 語 LEARNING CHINESE excellent. In Taiwan, foreign students live and study in safety and comfort. 9. Test of Chinese as Foreign IN TAIWAN Language (TOCFL) The Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL), is given to international students to assess their Mandarin Chinese listening 1. A Perfect Place to Learn Chinese and reading comprehension. See p.12-13 for more information) Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Taiwan. The most effective way to learn Mandarin is to study traditional Chinese characters in the modern, Mandarin speaking society of Taiwan. 10. Work While You Study While learning Chinese in Taiwan, students may be able to work part-time. Students will gain experience and a sense of accomplishment LEARNING CHINESE IN TAIWAN 2.