After Augustus: Julio-‐Claudians MDS1TRW the Roman World

MDS1TRW The Roman World: Myth and Empire

Lecture 17: Aer Augustus: Julio-Claudians http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Chronologies/Genealogies/Julio%20Claudian/JulCl%20Dynasty.htm Gaius and Lucius Caesar: Augustus’ grandsons d. 4CE & 2 CE

http://www.livius.org/ga-gh/gaius/gaius.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Caesar

The Julio-Claudians

Augustus = Livia | | | Julia [= Tiberius] Drusus Tiberius | | Agrippina = Germanicus, Claudius, Livilla = Drusus | | Gaius Caligula Tiberius Gemellus Tiberius Claudius Nero: 42 BCE-37 CE Livia Drusilla (‘Julia ‘Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus’ Augusta’) - mother of from 4 CE, princeps from 14 CE! Tiberius, d. 29 CE

http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/09_Biography/09c_Movers/classical2.htm#tiberius http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Livia_Drusilla_Louvre_Ma1233.jpg

Tacitus on the reason that Tiberius is made heir [Augustus’] appointment of Tiberius as his successor was due neither to personal affection nor to regard for the national interests. Thoroughly aware of Tiberius’ cruelty and arrogance, he intended to heighten his own glory by the contrast with one so inferior ! (Ann. 1.10)! maiestas laws! laws against treason – actions which endangered the state ! now interpreted as any word or deed against the princeps! (see Tac. Ann. 1.72, Suet. Tib. 58). ! Germanicus - nephew and adopted son of Tiberius - died 19 CE

(cast from E.U.R.)

http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/germanicus.jpg

Agrippina Maior (the elder) - granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Germanicus, mother of Caligula, Drusus and Nero

(cast from E.U.R.) http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/agrippina.jpg

Villa Iovis - Tiberius’ ‘Villa of Jupiter’ on Capri © Rhiannon Evans Villa Iovis - execution point?

http://www.starwrecked.com/Star-Trek-actor-Patrick-Stewart-I-Claudius-Sejanus.htm

Drusus Livilla - son of Tiberius - died 23 CE - niece of Tiberius - wife of Drusus

http://www.vroma.org/cgi-bin/mfs/var/www/html/images?link=/mcmanus_images/index.html&ﬁle=/var/www/html/images/mcmanus_images/index.html&line=75 http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/livilla_cerescameo.jpg

The Julio-Claudians

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caligae_from_side.jpg

Gaius Iulius Caesar Germanicus [Caligula] (12-41 CE)

• son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder • co-heir with Tiberius Gemellus (Tiberius’ grandson) • emperor 37-41 CE http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/caligula.html

Caligula’s Accession and Early Victims

Becomes emperor March 16th 37 CE! Co-heir Tiberius Gemellus & father-in-law Gaius Silanus commit suicide - 37 CE! [no maiestas law at this point]! Macro - Praetorian Prefect - along with wife & children - suicide: 38 CE! ! ! ! Caligula’s victims

Co-heir Tiberius Gemellus & father-in-law Gaius Silanus commit suicide - 37 CE! Macro - Praetorian Prefect - along with wife & children - suicide: 38 CE! ! Agrippina & Livilla - banished 39 CE! ! See Barrett, Caligula the Corruption of Power Appendix I (pp. 242-3)! ! ! ! Accusations against Caligula

1. Self-deiﬁcation 2. Incest with Drusilla [Suetonius Gaius 24 - all 3 sisters; adulteries and perversions (Gaius 36)]!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LX-fbrazBO4

Accusations against Caligula

1. Incest with Drusilla 2. Self-deiﬁcation 3. Opening a brothel in the imperial home on the Palatine Hill (Suetonius Gaius 44) 4. ‘Triumph’ against the Ocean (Suetonius Gaius 43-7) Accusations against Caligula

1. Incest with Drusilla 2. Self-deiﬁcation 3. Opening a brothel in the imperial home on the Palatine Hill 4. ‘Triumph’ against the Ocean 5. Trying to make his horse, Incitatus, a consul (Suetonius Gaius 55)

http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2030145_2030165_2030179,00.html

Assassination

Plot of Praetorian Guard: Clemens (prefect) & Cassius (military tribune), with Drusilla’s ex-husband Marcus Vinicius and Imperial freedman - Callistus Ludi Palatini (Palatine Games) 24 Jan. 41 CE !

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0IW157-ElI