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I. Descendants of Augustus and Livia

I. Descendants of Augustus and Livia

Core terms ofuse, available at Downloaded from I. DESCENDANTS OF AND

Octavian (AUGUSTUS) . (1) Scrtbonia I lulia a (1) https://www.cambridge.org/core

Qaius Caesar Agrippa lulla = L. Aemillus Elder Agrlpplna = Germonlcus (d.A.o.4) |d.u2) (dA.aH) I (cos. *D1) I https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

Aemilia Lepida = M. lunius Silanus I (cos. 19)

M. Silanus D. Silanus L. Silanus lunia Lepida = C. Cassius Sevenjs lunia CaMna o L (cos. 46) (d .64) (d .48) (cos .31) (cos .48) . University of Birmingham

Nero Caesar Caesar Vbunger = Cn. Domitius Drusilla = (1) L. Cassius Longinus (cos. 30) lulia LMila ° M. Vlnidus (d. 46) (d. 31) (d. 33) . (cos. 32) = (2) M. Aemillus Lepidus (d. 41) . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036

= C) LMa , on 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 Livla Ocellina = (1) Vlpsania = (2) lulla Drusus =. Younger Antonia (cos. 9 ac.) I

(adopts) Qermanicus CLAUDIUS Uvilia

Ser. Sulpiclus , subjectto theCambridge lulia = Rubellius Blandus Tiberius Gemellus I (cos. 16) (d 37. ) s distantly related to Rubellius Ptautus (d.62)

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II. DESCENDANTS OF AUGUSTUS' SISTER AND https://www.cambridge.org/core

https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Octavia • M.

Elder Anlonia * L Domitius Ahenobarbus Younger Antonia = C39B.C.I I (cos. 16B.C) (•36B.C.I ICOS.9B.CI . University of Birmingham Domitia • Sallustlus Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus - Younger Agrippina Domitia Lepida > HI M. Valerius Messalla Barbatus Passienus (cos. 32) (2) (cos. 31) • (31C. Iunius Silanus (cos. 27,44| (cos. 28)

NERO Faustus Sullra Felix Messallina - CLAUDIUS (cos. 52) . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036

, on - Elder Agrippina = (1|Urgulanilillla 1 - Drusus = (2)AeliaPeetinietinaa 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 1= (31 Messalliini . | (two children) Nero Drusus. CAUGULA Younger Agrippina Drusilla lulia Livilla Octaviar - II) L Silanus (d. 48) -12) NERO

Antonia = 111 Cn. Pompeius Magnus TiberiusGemellus lulia • Rubollius Btandus = (2) Faustus Sulla Felix Id 37. 1

, subjectto theCambridge RubelliusPlautus ld.62) ' - betrothed to

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III. THE FAMILY OF M. CRASSUS FRUGI https://www.cambridge.org/core

L Scribonius Libo https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

M. Crassus Octavian = (11 Scribonia L Scribonius Libo the Great (cos. 70 and 55 B.c) ustusll (COS.34B.CI (cos. 70,55 and 52 B.c)

I Elder lulia M. Crassus = Caecilia Metella

I Scribonia = Pompeius .

University of Birmingham M. Crassus (cos. 30 B.c.) adopts:

I L Scribonius Libo = Pompeia (cos. 15B.C.) I M. Crassus Frugi {born a Piso Frugi) (cos. 14 at) I I M. Licinius Crassus Frugi = Scribonia L Scribonius Libo M. Scribonius Libo Drusus (cos.A.D 27,ox.47) I (ex.47) (COS.A.D.16) (ex.161 . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036

Cn. Pompeius * Antonia M. Licinius Crassus Frugi L. Calpumius Piso Licinius Crassus Magna• L Calpumius Piso C. Calpumius Piso = (DUviaOrestille , on Magnus (Claudius' (cos. 64, ex. 67) Frugi Licinianus Scribonianus lcos.57,ex.70l (ex.65) (2) Atria Galla

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 (ex.47) daughter) (adopted by Galba)

Some of these relationships are hypothetical (daughter) Calpumius Piso Galerianus ex.-date of execution (ex.70) Others who miy hive been reltted to Scribonia include: Scribonius (ex. A.D 401 and his sons P. Sulpicius Scribonius Proculus and Scribonius Rufus (both ex. A.D .67) L Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus (ex. A.D. 42) , subjectto theCambridge

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https://www.cambridge.org/core IV. EASTERN CLIENTS OF ANTONIA, CALIGULA AND CLAUDIUS https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

HEROD THE GREAT

I . Berenice University of Birmingham Philoof Alexander theAlabarch lulius (Herod) Agrippa 1 Antiochus IV of Commagene (10B.C-A.0.44) Ideposed M>. 73) . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 Tiberius lulius lulia Berenice = (1) lulius Alexander Id. before A.O 44. ) Drusilla = (11 "Epiphanes lotape = Alexander (Cilician king) Alexander = I2I Herod of Chalcis = l2)AzizosofEmesa = |3I Polemon of (c. M>. 66) = (31M. Amonius Felix , on Ti. lulius Alexander lulisnus Agrippa II

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 (cos.suff.A.o.117) (b. A.D.27/28 d. c.90)

Agrippa lulius Philopappus (d. A.D. 79) (cos. A.O. 109) , subjectto theCambridge

Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 994 V. PRINCIPAL MEMBERS OF THE HERODIAN FAMILY

Antipater(d.43e.c.) (Cyprus)

I I I I I HEROD Joseph Pheroras Salome (d. C.A.D. 10) =(11 Joseph (d. 35/34 B.c.) |d.40B.c.l (d.4B.c.) (d. 38 B.C.) (d.6B.c.) = (2) Costobar (d. 26 B.C.1 = (3)Alexas

(Doris) (Mariamme) (Malthace) ()

Antipater Alexander Aristobulus Herod Herod Philip Id. 4 B.C.) (d.7B.c.) (d. 7ec) Archelaus Antipas (d.A.o.34) = (Berenice)

Herod of Chains Agrippal Herodias (d.A.D.441

Agrippa II Berenice Drusilla (d. before A.D. 93 (or A.0. 100))

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Birmingham, on 12 Aug 2019 at 10:11:02, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at Cambridgehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Histories Online © Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 University Press, 2008 Core terms ofuse, available at Downloaded from CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE https://www.cambridge.org/core

https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms and The Provinces Literature, Art and Architecture

44 Assassination of Iulius Caesar (i; ). 44 's De Officiis. Cicero's Philippic 1 (z ), Philippic ill (20 December). 43 Battle of Mutina, deaths of consuls Hirtius 43 Death of D. in . 43 Murder of Cicero. Birth of . and Pansa. Octavian becomes consul (19 .

University of Birmingham August). establishes the triumvir- ate (»7 November). Deification of Iulius Caesar. 42 Sex. Pompeius controls . Naval battle 42 Restoration of the temple of . with Salvidienus Rufus. Illyrian triumph of P. Vatinius (JI ). Battles of Philippi (first early in , second on 23 . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 October), followed by suicides of Brutus and Cassius. 41 Antony in . Herod and his brother , on 41 , Eclogue iv written for Pollio's con- Phasael appointed tetrarchs of Judaea. sulship of 40. 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 Antony meets Cleopatra at Tarsus in winter and proceeds to Alexandria. 40 Surrender of Perusia to Octavian by L. 40 Parthian invasion of led by Pacorus Antonius (early spring). Octavian marries and Q. Labienus. Death of King Deiotarus Scribonia (summer). Pact of Brundisium of Galatia. Death of Calenus in Gaul (sum- (September). Herod granted the throne of mer). Judaea (autumn).

, subjectto theCambridge J9 Pact of Misenum (spring) 39 Ventidius defeats the Parthians. Agrippa campaigns in Gaul. Antony and Octavia at (winter).

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https://www.cambridge.org/core 3 8 Renewal of triumviral powers for five years 38 Second victory of Ventidius over Parthians 38 Publication of Virgil, . from i . Marriage of Octavian and and death of Pacorus. Antony captures Livia (17 January). Triumph of Ventidius Samosata. Sex. Pompeius' success against (27 November). Octavian off Cumae and in Straits of Mes- https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms sina. 57 Pact of Tarentum (summer). 3 7 Capture of by Sosius and formal 37-36 Varro, De Re Kustica. Composition of Hor- inauguration of the reign of Herod (July). ace, (37-30). Appointment of client kings: Archelaus in Cappadocia, Amyntas in Galatia, Polemo in . Marriage of

. at . University of Birmingham 36 Removal of Lepidus from triumvirate. 36 After initial reverse (August), Octavian 36 Reconstruction of the . Octavian granted sacrosanctitas of a . defeats Sex. Pompeius at Battle of Naulo- chus (3 September). Antony's Parthian offensive, failure at siege of Phraata and retreat through Armenia.

. 35 Death of .

https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 3 5 Death of Sex. Pompeius in Asia. 35-33 Octavian's campaigns in the Balkans. 34 Sosius'triumphoverjudaea(3 September). 34 Antony's invasion of Armenia and capture 34-33 Agrippa restores aqueducts and adds a fifth , on of Artavasdes. Triumph at Alexandria, (Aqua Iulia).

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 followed by the 'Donations'. 33 Octavian's second consulship. Powers of 3 3 Death of Bocchus of . Antony 33 Agrippa as revives . the triumvirate lapse at the end of the year. remains in Armenia. 3 2 Divorce of Octavia by Antony. Publication 32 Restoration of Pompey's Theatre. of Antony's will by Octavian. Personal oath of loyalty sworn to Octavian inthetownsof Italy and the West.

, subjectto theCambridge 31 Octavian's third consulship. 31 (2 September). 30 Octavian offered tribunician ins auxilii. 30 Capture of Alexandria by Octavian and 30 Publication of , Epodes. suicide of Antony (1 August). Suicide of Cleopatra (10 August). 29 Closing of the doors of the temple of 29—28 M. Licinius Crassus pacifies Thrace and 29 Dedication of the temple of Divus Iulius (u January). Octavian's triple triumph defeats . and the Iulia (18 August) and the altar (13-1 j August). of Victory (28 August). Arch in the Forum

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to commemorate the victory at Actium. Restoration of temples of and Her-

https://www.cambridge.org/core cules Musarum. Completion of Virgil, and , Elegies 1. t8 Octavian and Agrippa share the consular 28 Inscription of Cornelius Gallus comme- 28 First celebration of the Actian Games (Sep- fascis and begin Uetio senatus with a grant of morates defeat of revolt in the Egyptian tember). Dedication of the temple of https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms ctnsoria potistas (or 29?). Return of control of Thebaid and penetration of Roman arms Apollo on the Palatine (9 October). Mauso- atrarium to the . Octavian becomes beyond the First Cataract. leum of Augustus begun. Composition of prinaps stnatus. Vitruvius' De Arcbitectura (28-23). 27 Octavian appears before the Senate (13 and 27-24 Augustus in Gaul and Spain. 27 Death of Varro. Agrippa's construction of 16 January). He is given the name of the Pantheon. Augustus, the oak , the grant of a proi/intia for a period of ten years, with the . University of Birmingham right to govern it through legati. Triumph of M. Licinius Crassus (4 July). 26 Dismissal and suicide of Cornelius Gallus 26 Propertius, Elegies II-IV (26-16). (or in 27). 26—2) Campaign of to Arabia Felix.

. 2 j Marriage of lulia and Marcellus. Closing of 2) Juba II made king of Mauretania. 2; Ovid begins writing the Amoves. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 the doors of the . Augustus Campaigns of M. Terentius Varro in the 24-23 Publication of Horace, Odes I-III. falls ill. Val d'Aosta. Death of Amyntas and annex- , on ation of Galatia.

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 2J-22 Campaigns of P. in Ethiopia (or 24-22). 23 Illness of Augustus. He resigns the consul- 23-21 Agrippa sent out to the East with . 23 Maecenas falls out of favour in the imperial ship and on 1 July receives imperium mains court. proconsular! and tribmicia potestas for life, the latter renewed annually on 9 December. Death of Marcellus. Agrippa given a grant of imperium proconsulate. , subjectto theCambridge 22 Trial of Marcus Primus and conspiracy of 22-19 Augustus in and Asia. 22 Temple of Tonans on Capitol (1 Caepio and Murena. Augustus refuses dic- September). tatorship and consulship for life but accepts cura amtonae. 21 Marriage of Agrippa and lulia.

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https://www.cambridge.org/core B.C. zo Agrippa deals with trouble in Gaul. Reco- 20 Dedication of temple of Ultor on the very of Roman standards from . Capitol (12 ). (? Or 19) Publication of Tiberius crowns Tigranes as king of Arme- Horace, Epistles 1. https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms nia. 19 Augustus given a lifetime grant of the right 19 Agrippa completes the pacification of 19 Deaths of Virgil (21 September) and Tibul- to carry the consular fasces and to sit Spain. Campaign of L. Cornelius Balbus lus. Construction of the Aqua Virgo. Arch between the consuls. against the in . of Augustus in the Forum to commemorate the recovery of the Parthian standards. Dedication of Altar of Redux (1; December). . University of Birmingham 18 Renewal of the grant of the provimia to Augustus. Agrippa's imperium is renewed for five years and he is granted tribmicia potestas. Another lectio senatus. 18/17 ?Augustan moral legislation.

. 17 Augustus adopts his grandsons, Gaius and 17-16 Campaigns of P. Silius in north Italy 17 Composition of Horace, Carmen Saeculare. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 Lucius, the children of Agrippa and Iulia. and the . Defeat of M. Lollius in Gaul. Celebration of the saeeulares. 16-13 Augustus in Gaul, Agrippa in the East. , on 15 Tiberius and Drusus invade Bavaria and

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 reach the Danube. Agrippa visits Jerusa- lem. 14 Agrippa appoints Polemo king of Bospor- us. 13 Tiberius consul. Death of Lepidus the 13 Agrippa campaigns in . 13 Dedication of the (or, triumvir. Agrippa's tribtmicia potestas and less probably, 11 B.C.). Inauguration of the imperium proconsulate renewed, the latter Augustae (4 July). made . , subjectto theCambridge 12 Augustus becomes (6 12-9 Tiberius campaigns in the Balkans, Drusus 12 Publication of Horace, Epistles 11.1. Dedi- March). Death of Agrippa (March). in Germany. Rising in Thrace put down by cation of temple of on the Palatine (28 L. Calpurnius Piso (c. 11-9). April). Bequest of the to 12 Dedication of the Altar of the Tres Galliae the Roman people. at (? or 10 B.C., see p.98). Inau- guration of by Herod.

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11 Tiberius made to divorce and

https://www.cambridge.org/core marry Iulia. 9 Death of Drusus the Elder (14 September). 9 Drusus reaches the but after an Publication of first edition of Ovid, Ars accident. Altar to Rome and Augustus es- Amatoria. End of 's history. Dedi- tablished at Ara Ubiorum (probably in 9). cation of the Ara Pacis Augustae (30 Janu- https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms ary). 8 Census held. 8 Tiberius campaigns against the Sugambri. Deaths of Maecenas and Horace. Death of Polemo of Pontus. 7 Tiberius' triumph over the Sugambri. Es- 7 Recall of Tiberius. tablishment of the fourteen regiones of Rome. 6 Tiberius granted tribunicia potestas for five 6 ? Death of Tigranes II of Armenia. . University of Birmingham years. He retires to . ; Augustus holds the consulship. C. Caesar 5/3 ?War of Sulpicius Quirinius against the assumes the virilis and is given the title Homonadenses. priiueps iuventutis. Beginning of regular appointment of suffect consuls.

. Death of Herod. His kingdom divided https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 between his sons Philip, and Archelaus. , on 2 Augustus holds the consulship again and is Death of Parthian king Phraates IV, suc- Dedication of the Forum Augustum and the

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 given the title of pater patriot (5 February). ceeded by Phraates V (or Phraataces). (11 May). Second L. Caesar assumes the toga virilis and is given edition of Ovid, Ars Amatoria, the title of primeps iuventutis. Iulia exiled. Appointment of first praetorian . Lex Fufia Caninia. 1 C. Caesar sent to the East with impcrium. A.D. 1-4 Composition of Ovid, . , subjectto theCambridge 2 Return of Tiberius from Rhodes. 2 Agreement between C. Caesar and Phraa- taces. Ariobarzanes installed as king of Armenia. L. Caesar dies at Massilia. End of Marmaric War in Cyrene (?).

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B.C. B.C. B.C. https://www.cambridge.org/core Another lectio stnatus. Augustus adopts 4 Death of C. Caesar. Tiberius invades Ger- and Tiberius (26 ), many as far as the river . who in turn adopts Germanicus. Tiberius

https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms given a further grant of tribmiciapotestas for 5 Tiberius reaches the Elbe. ten years. Lex Aelia Sentia. Establishment of the militare and 6 Outbreak of revolt in Pannonia and Illyri- 6 Rebuilding of the temple of Castor and of the . cum. Banishment of Archelaus, son of Pollux by Tiberius. Herod; Judaea turned into a province (cen- sus of Quirinius). Revolt in Isauria. Agrippa Postumus banished to Planasia. . University of Birmingham Iulia the Younger banished. 8 Banishment of Ovid. 9 End of the Pannonian revolt. Defeat of P. Quinctilius Varus and loss of three legions in the Teutoburg Forest. 1 o Restoration and dedication of the temple of by Tiberius. . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 1 2 Tiberius' Illyrian triumph (23 October). 12 Germanicus takes command in Gaul and Germany.

, on 1) Tiberius given a further grant of tribmicia

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 potestas for ten years and imperium proconsu- lar! maim equal to that of Augustus. Germa- nicus given a grant of imperium proconsulare. 14 Lustrum held (11 May). Death of Augustus 14 Army revolts in Pannonia and on the at Nola (19 August). Tiberius becomes , dealt with by Drusus and Germani- . Augustus is granted a public cus respectively (autumn). funeral (early September) and voted divine honours (17 September). Death of Agrippa

, subjectto theCambridge Postumus. IJ Tiberius becomes pontijex maximus (10 1 j-16 Germanicus' campaigns in Germany, from March). which he is recalled by Tiberius. 16 Conviction for treason (maiestas) of Libo Drusus, great-grandson of Pompey and great-nephew of Augustus' first wife, Scri- bonia (3 September).

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• 7 Death of Archelaus of Cappadocia. 17 Outbreak of war against in 17 Death of Livy. Death of Ovid (?). Dedi- Triumph of Germanicus (26 May). . Germanicus sent to the East with cation of temple of Janus (18 October) and https://www.cambridge.org/core imptrium. Cappadocia becomes a province. Fors Fortuna. Commagene also annexed. 18 Consulship of Tiberius and Germanicus. 18-19 Germanicus visits . 19/20 Twin sons born to the younger Drusus, of 19 Death of Germanicus at Antioch (10 https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms whom only Tiberius Gemellus survives. October). Death of . 20 Trial and suicide of Cn. Calpurnius Piso. Triumph of Drusus (28 May). 21 Consulship of Tiberius and Drusus. - 21 Revolt of Florus and Sacrovir in Gaul. 21—2 Building of castra praetoria. ius retires temporarily to . 22 Grant of tribuniciapotcstas for Drusus.

. 23 Death of Drusus (14 September). University of Birmingham 24 Defeat and death of Tacfarinas. 25 ' request to marry Livilla (Livia Iulia), widow of Drusus, is refused. 26 Tiberius leaves Rome for Capreae. 26 (?) becomes praejectus of Judaea.

. 28 Revolt of the . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 28 Death of Iulia the Elder. Marriage of Agrippina the Younger to Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus. , on 29 Death of Livia. Banishment of Agrippina 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 and of Nero, son of Germanicus and Agrip- pina. 30 Suicide of Nero. 30 Publication of ' history. 31 Consulship of Tiberius and Sejanus. Denunciation and death of Sejanus (18 October). Appointment of Sutorius Macro as praetorian . Gaius Caligula

, subjectto theCambridge assumes toga virilis. 3 3 Death of Agrippina (18 October). Death of 33 (?) Death of Philip, son of Herod; his Drusus. Suicide of Asinius Gallus. Quaes- tetrarchy is taken under direct rule. torship of Gaius.

34 Death of Artaxias of Armenia.

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36 Pontius Pilate removed from his post for https://www.cambridge.org/core maladministration by L. Vitellius, gover- nor of Syria. 37 Death of Tiberius at Misenum (16 March). 37 I given Philip's kingdom. 37 Dedication of the temple of Divus Augus- Gaius Caligula acclaimed princeps (18 tus. https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms March), confirmed by the Senate (28 March). Death of Antonia the Younger (1 May). Claudius consul with Gaius (1 July - 31 August). Suicide of Tiberius Gemellus. Illness of Gaius (autumn). Birth of Nero (15 December).

. 38 Death and deification of Drusilla (10 June, 38 Trouble between the Jewish and Greek University of Birmingham 23 September). Gaius marries Lollia Pau- communities in Alexandria. lina. 39 Gaius divorces and marries 39 Herod Antipas deposed. Gaius visits the Milonia Caesonia. Leaves Rome (Sep- Rhineland (October). Conspiracy and tember). Gaudius marries Messallina. execution of Gaetulicus. . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 40 Gaius returns to Rome (31 August). 40 Herod Antipas' ethnarchy given to Herod Agrippa I. Gaius in Gaul (winter). Prep- arations for an invasion of Britain. Out- , on break of in Mauretania. Gaius 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 orders his to be placed in the Temple at Jerusalem. 40-4 Conquest of Mauretania and organization of provinces of Tingitana and Caesariensis. 41 Murder of Gaius (24 January). Proclama- 41 Claudius' letter to the Alexandrians. 41 Beginning of the construction of a new tion of Claudius (2; January). Birth of harbour at Ostia and of the draining of the . Fucine Lake. Seneca sent into exile.

, subjectto theCambridge 42 Claudius proclaimed (12 Janu- 42 Conspiracy and death of Scribonianus. ary). 43 Invasion of Britain. Lycia-Pamphylia made a province. 44 Aerarium transferred from praetors to 44 Death of Herod Agrippa I. . Claudius' triumph for conquest of Britain.

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46 of Thrace. 47 of Plautius for conquest of 47 Corbulo in the Rhineland. https://www.cambridge.org/core Britain. 47—8 Censorship of Claudius and L. Vitellius. Celebration of ludi saecularts. 48 'Marriage' and execution of Messallina and https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms C. Silius. 49 Marriage of Claudius and Agrippina the 49 Agrippa II given the kingdom of Chalcis. Younger (1 January). Extension of the of Rome. Seneca returns from exile and becomes and tutor of Nero.

. jo Claudius adopts Nero (2; February). University of Birmingham Agrippina becomes Augusta. 51 Burrus becomes praetorian prefect. Nero 51 Ostorius Scapula defeats . Death 51-2 Dedication of the Triumphal Arch of Clau- given the title ofprinceps iieientutis. of Gotarzes of Parthia, succeeded by dius, forming part of the Aqua Virgo. Vonones and then Vologaeses. 5 j Nero marries Octavia. j 3 Parthians take control of Armenia and Tiri- .

https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 dates is appointed to the throne. 54 Death of Claudius (1 j October), accession 54 Publication of Seneca, Apocolocyntosh. of Nero. , on ;; Death of Britannicus. ; j Corbulo appointed to an eastern command 5 5 Publication of Seneca, De dementia. 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 against Parthia and Armenia. 56 Nero given the title of pater patriot. Aerar- 56-7 Dedication of the Macellum Magnum. ium transferred from quaestors to praefecti. j 8 Rejection of proposal that Nero should be 58 Corbulo attacks Tiridates and captures consulperpetual. . 59 Murder of Agrippina. Institution of Iuvena- 5 9 Capture of Tigranocerta by Corbulo. lia.

, subjectto theCambridge 60 Institution of the Neronia. 60 Completion of the subjugation of Armenia and appointment to the throne of Tigranes, great-grandson of Herod and of Archelaus of Cappadocia. Corbulo appointed gover- nor of Syria. Revolt of and the .

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B.C. B.C.

https://www.cambridge.org/core 61 Tigranes invades . Vologaeses threatens Syria. 61 Nero divorces Octavia and marries Pop- 62 Caesennius Paetus sent to Cappadocia. Sur- 62 Construction of the Thermae Neronianae paea Sabina. Execution of Octavia (9 June). renders to Vologaeses at Rhandeia. (or possibly 64). https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Death of Burrus, retirement of Seneca. Introduction of maitslas charges. 63 Birth and death of daughter of Nero and Poppaea, deified as Gaudia Augusta. 64 Outbreak of fire in Rome (18/19 July). 64-j Incorporation of into 46 Destruction of the . Victimization of the . Reform of Galatia. 64-8 Building of the , rebuilding of the and reconstruction of

. the currency. University of Birmingham Rome. 6j Neronia held again. Conspiracy of Piso 6j Deaths of Seneca and . (April). Death of Seneca. Death of . 66 Deaths of Thrasea Paetus and Barea Sora- 66 Nero proclaims the freedom of Greece (? or 66 Death of Petronius.

. nus. Conspiracy of Vinicianus. Nero mar- 67, see p.664). Conspiracy and deaths of the https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 ries Statilia Messallina. Tiridates crowned Scribonii brothers. Corbulo instructed to king of Armenia in Rome. commit suicide. Outbreak of revolt in , on Judaea.

12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 67 appointed as legate in command of the war in Judaea (February). 68 Nero returns to Italy and while in Naples 68 Vespasian reduces Samaria and Idumaea receives news of the revolt of Vindex. and prepares to attack Jerusalem. Revolt of Death of Nero (9 or possibly 11 June). Vindex in Gaul. Galba acclaimed by his Proclamation of Galba us prinaps. Galba troops in Spain (2 or 3 April). Battle of arrives at Rome (autumn). Vesontio and suicide of Vindex (late spring). Revolt of Macer in Africa. , subjectto theCambridge 69 proclaimed prinaps by the praetorian 69 German legions in revolt against Galba. guard (15 January). Murder of Galba. Otho Vitellius proclaimed by the Ger- defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum man legions. Revolt of Civilis and the (14 April) and commits suicide (16 April). Batavians. Vespasian proclaimed emperor Vitellius granted imperial powers by the at Alexandria (1 July) and then by the army Senate (19 April) and enters Rome (June). in Syria and Judaea.

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Second battle of (24/2; October). Antonius Primus enters Rome, murder of

https://www.cambridge.org/core Vitellius (20 or 21 December) 70 Mucianus arrives in Rome (January). Ves- 70 Imperium Galliarum of lulius Classicus and pasian confirmed by the Senate as princeps. lulius Tutor. Petilius Cerialis defeats the Publication of the lex de imperio Vespasiani. Batavian revolt. attacks and captures https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Oomitian made urban praetor with the Jerusalem and destroys the Temple imperium of a consul. Arrival of Vespasian (August). in Rome (summer). . University of Birmingham . https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264303.036 , on 12 Aug2019 at10:11:02 , subjectto theCambridge

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