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The Cultural Creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The cultural creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula. Erin Leigh Wotring University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, History of Gender Commons, Intellectual History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Wotring, Erin Leigh, "The cultural creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2691. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2691 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA By Erin Leigh Wotring A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY May, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Erin Leigh Wotring All rights reserved THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA By Erin Leigh Wotring A Thesis Approved on April 14, 2017 by the following Thesis Committee: Dr. Jennifer Westerfeld, Director Dr. Blake Beattie Dr. Carmen Hardin ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Jennifer Westerfeld for sticking with me all this time, being hilarious, and always encouraging me. I would also like to thank Lee Keeling and Robin Carroll for loving me and forcing me to get my shit together. I thank Dr. Ann Allen and Dr. Yuxin Ma for shaping me as a scholar during my early years and driving me deeper into women’s history. I thank Dr. Carmen Hardin for the gift of Latin and for being an amazing, positive force in the world. I would like to thank my man Bob and my brother, Eric, for indulging me and listening to me talk about Mark Antony for six years. I would like to thank my children, Milkshake and Capri, and my nephew, Ivan, for distracting me when I needed it the most. I would like to thank my mom, Tina, for always being proud of me. Lastly, I would like to thank Tom Hardy for his face. iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family, To the women lost in history, And to Daisy and Bo Duke. iv ABSTRACT THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA Erin Leigh Wotring April 14, 2017 This study presents a scholarly and popular historiography of Fulvia Flacca Bambula with criticism of the presentation and interpretation of Fulvia as a historical character in context. Source bias caused by Augustan propaganda is widely recognized within scholarly and popular treatment of Fulvia but little attention is given to the influence of rhetoric and moral philosophy on the invective and anecdotal narratives used as source evidence in discussion of Fulvia as a Roman matron. Through assessment of traditional Roman rhetorical and literary conventions employed during the late Republican and early Imperial periods with attention to the influence of elegiac constructs in particular, the motives and personal qualities of Fulvia as described by Roman and Greek authors are shown to represent fictional tropes rather than historical realities. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SIGNATURE PAGE…………………………………………………………... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………… iii DEDICATION………………………………………………………………… iv ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………… v LIST OF FEATURED PERSONALITIES……………………………………. vii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………. xiii INTRODUCTION: Fulvia: Building a Historical Character………………….. 1 CHAPTER ONE: The Creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula…………………… 8 CHAPTER TWO: Fulvia The Wife of Antony……………………………….. 21 CHAPTER THREE: Finding Fulvia………………………………………….. 57 CHAPTER FOUR: How to Destroy a Roman Hero………………………….. 99 CHAPTER FIVE: “Thank Fulvia” or, Cleopatra’s Rival……………………... 145 CONCLUSIONS: Fulvia: a Life in the Postmodern World…………………… 184 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………... 187 APPENDICES: Coins and Bullets ……………………………………………. 199 LIST OF PRIMARY SOURCE ABBREVIATIONS…………………………. 205 CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………………. 207 vi FEATURED PERSONALITIES1 Agippa, Marcus M. Vipsanius Agrippa (cos. 37). Agrippina Maior Daughter of Agrippa and Julia, daughter of Augustus Agrippina Minor Daughter of Agrippina and Germanicus. Antonia Antony’s first cousin, second wife; daughter of Lucius Antonius Hybrida Antony Marcus Antonius (cos. 44, triumvir 43-32). Antyllus Marcus Antonius Antyllus, d. 30 in Alexandria; eldest son of Fulvia and Antony Appian Born in Alexandria at the end of the 1st cent. CE; Greek author of a history of Rome arranged ethnographically by conquest which included his Bella Civilia. Asconius Q. Asconius Pedianus (CE 3 to 88); Latin author of a commentary on Cicero’s speeches, of which his work on the Pro Milone survives. Asinius Pollio C. Asinius Pollio (b. 79, cos. 40); Latin author of a lost history covering the years 60 to 42 which was used by both Plutarch and Appian. Antonian partisan, father of Asinius Gallus. Atia C. Julius Caesar’s niece, mother of Octavian and Octavia. 1 Political positions according to TRS Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol. 3: Supplement, (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1986) and biographical information from RE A. Pauly, G. Wissowa and W. Kroll, Real-Encylopaedie der klassichen Alterumswissenschaft, (Stuttgart: Druckenmueller, 1893); William Smith, ed., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, (London: John Murray, 1849). vii Atticus T. Pomponius Atticus; correspondent of Cicero; ally of Fulvia, known for neutrality Brogitarus Deiotarus’ son-in-law and ally of Clodius. Brutus M. Iunius Brutus (pr. 44). Caelius M. Caelius Rufus (trib. 52); subject of Pro Caelio and instrumental in Cicero’s enmity against Clodius Caesetius Rufus (senator, 43); barely anything is known about him; only mentioned by Appian in relation to proscriptions Cassius C. Cassius Longinus (pr. 44). Catiline L. Sergius Catilina. Cicero M. Tullius Cicero (cos. 63); Latin orator, philosopher, and rhetorician; also a prolific author: several manuscripts, and dozens of his speeches, invectives, and hundreds of his personal letters were also published. Cleopatra Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh of Egypt. Clodia Clodia Metelli, sister of Clodius. Clodia Pulchra Daughter of Fulvia and Clodius Clodius P. Clodius Pulcher (trib. 58), Fulvia’s first husband. Sextus Cloelius Clodius’ ally Cornelia Mother of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. Crassus M Licinius Crassus Dives (cos. 70). Curio C. Scribonius Curio (trib. 50). Cytheris Volumnia Cytheris, actress and Antony’s mistress. D. Brutus D. Iunius Albinus Brutus (cos. desig. 42). Deiotarus Tetrarch of Galatia. Dio Cassius Dio (b. ca. CE 164; d. after 229); Greek author of a history of Rome from its foundation to CE 229. viii Domitian T. Flavius Domitianus (emperor CE 81 to 96). Florus L. Annaeus Florus, Latin author of the Epitome de Gestis Romanorum, wrote under the reign of Trajan or of Hadrian Fulvia Daughter of M. Fulvius Bambalio and Sempronia. Glaphyra Cappadocian courtesan, Antony’s mistress Hadrian P. Aelius Hadrianus (emperor CE 117 to 138). Hortensia Daughter of the orator Hortensius. Iullus Iullus Antonius (cos. 7), author and younger son of Fulvia and Antony Juba King of Numidia: joined Pompey in 49, killed in 46. Julia Mother of Antony, Julia Daughter of Octavian by Scribonia, exiled for relationship with Iullus Antony. Lentulus P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura (cos. 71), Antony’s step- father, executed by Cicero in 63. Lepidus M. Aemilius Lepidus (cos. 46). Livia Livia Drusilla, third wife of Octavian. Livy T. Livius (59 BCE to CE 17); Latin author of the Ab urbe condita libri, an account of Roman history from its mythical origins to 9 BCE; the relevant books for Fulvia’s life do not survive, although there are short summaries (Periochae) of each book written by an anonymous author ca. 4th cent. CE Lucius Lucius Antonius (cos. 43), younger brother of Antony; involved in Perusian War with Fulvia Manius Antony’s procurator in 41; very little is known about him. Marius C. Marius (cos. 107). ix Martial M. Valerius Martialis (b. ca. CE 38 to 41; d. ca. 101 to 104); Latin author of epigrams. Milo T. Annius Milo (pr. 55); convicted in 52 for murder of P. Clodius Pulcher after being defended by Cicero, Nepos Cornelius Nepos (b. ca. 110; d. 24); Latin biographer, including that of Atticus. Octavia Sister of Octavian, Antony’s fourth wife; adopted Iullus Antonius after Fulvia’s death. Octavian C. Octavius, called C. Caesar after his posthumous adoption by G. Julius Caesar. Received title of Augustus in 27. Generally referred to as Octavian before 27 and as Augustus after. Plutarch L. Mestrius Plutarchus (b. ca. CE 50; d. after 120); Greek author and moralist. Author of philosophical works and comparative biographies, including biographies of Antony and Cicero. Pompey Cn. Pompeius Magnus (cos. 70). Quintilian M. Fabius Quintilianus, Rhetorician (b. CE 40- 118), held endowed post under Vespasian, dedicated client of Hadrian. Sextus Pompey Sex. Pompeius Magnus Pius (cos. desig. 35); one-time pirate, sometime ally of Antony. Safely brought Julia to Greece
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