(FUCP) Structure Planning for Ghalanai (Mohmand Agency) FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN September, 2015

Home , Babuzai (Pashtun tribe), Baizai, Habibzai, Kaddi, Kand Dam, Khasadar

Tribal Areas Rural-to- Urban Centres Conversion Initiative

(TARUCCI)

FATA URBAN CENTERS PROJECT (FUCP) Structure Planning For Ghalanai (Mohmand Agency) FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN September, 2015

CREATIVE ENGINEERING IZHAR & ASSOCIATES CONSULTANTS CONSULTING 60-Street 3, E1, Phase 1 160-Cavalry Ground, Hayatabad Peshawar Street 4, Lahore Cantt Telephone# 091-5822184 Telephone# 042-36686449 Cell# 03005863060 Cell# 0321-4469322 EMail: [email protected] EMail: [email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS...... I LIST OF TABLES ...... V LIST OF FIGURES ...... V LIST OF MAPS ...... VI LIST OF GRAPHS ...... VI 1. PREFACE...... 1 2. METHODOLOGY ...... 4

2.1 DIGITISED BASE MAPS ...... 4 2.2 EXISTING SITUATION REPORT ...... 5 2.2.1 Primary Data Collection ...... 5 2.2.2 Secondary Data Collection ...... 5 2.3 DRAFT STRUCTURE PLAN ...... 7 2.4 FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN ...... 7 PART A: EXISTING SITUATION ...... 8 3. HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ...... 9 3.1 GENERAL ...... 9 3.2 SAMPLE SIZE AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...... 9 3.3 SURVEY FINDINGS ...... 10 3.3.1 Household Sizes ...... 10 3.3.2 Age-Sex Composition ...... 10 3.3.3 Sources of Drinking Water ...... 11 3.3.4 Sanitation: Disposal of Human Waste ...... 12 3.3.5 Drainage ...... 12 3.3.6 Solid Waste Collection ...... 13 3.3.7 Housing ...... 13 3.3.8 Earning Members and Income Levels ...... 14 3.3.9 Priority Problems ...... 15 4 GROUP INTERVIEWS ...... 16 5 LANDUSE SURVEYS ...... 17 5.1 GENERAL ...... 17 5.2 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN GHALANAI ...... 17 5.2.1 Built-Up Vs. Open Area ...... 17 5.2.2 Landuse Distribution in Built-Up Area ...... 18 5.2.3 Landuse Distribution in Open Area ...... 19 5.3 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE LANDUSE PATTERN ...... 23 6 COMMERCIAL SURVEYS ...... 23 7 OTHER LANDUSES ...... 24

7.1 RESIDENTIAL AREAS ...... 24 7.2 AGENCY HEADQUARTER HOSPITAL ...... 25 7.3 TRANSPORT TERMINAL ...... 27 8 INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ...... 29

8.1 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION: ...... 29 8.1.1 Roads...... 29 8.1.2 Streets and Drains:...... 33 8.1.3 Telephone and Postal Services:...... 34 8.2 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ...... 37 8.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 43 8.4 ELECTRICITY ...... 46 8.5PUBLIC LATRINES/PARKS/CULTURAL AND SPORTS FACILITIES: ...... 49 PART B: STRUCTURE PLAN FOR GHALANAI ...... 50 9 LOCATION AND LINKAGES ...... 51 10 GHALANAI IN REGIONAL CONTEXT ...... 51

10.1 MOHMAND AGENCY ...... 51 10.2 ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY ...... 53 10.2.1 Trade ...... 53 10.2.2 Minerals ...... 53 10.2.3 Agriculture...... 54 10.2.4 Tourism Potential ...... 54 10.3 SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN MOHMAND AGENCY ...... 55 10.3.1 Number and Hierarchy of Settlements...... 55 10.3.2 Emerging Development Corridor in Mohmand Agency ...... 59 11 GHALANAI BOUNDARIES ...... 60

11.1 THE NOTIFIED BOUNDARY ...... 60 11.2 THE URBAN BOUNDARY ...... 61 12 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS ...... 64

12.1CURRENT POPULATION (2015) ...... 64 12.1.1 Population Estimates Using Domestic Electricity Connections ...... 65 12.1.2 Population Estimates through House Count on GIS Map ...... 65 12.1.3 Population Estimates through Landuse Map ...... 65 12.1.4 Summary of Population Estimates by Different Methods ...... 65 12.1.5 Implication of Military Operation on Population Flux ...... 66 12.2 POPULATION FORECASTS (2035) ...... 66 12.2.1 Extent of Future Population Growth (2015-2035)...... 67 12.2.2 Extent of Future Land Requirements in Urban Area ...... 68 12.3 LANDUSE ZONING ...... 69 12.3.1 Zone 1 – Civic Zone...... 70 12.3.2 Zone 2 & 3 - Peripheral Localities/Villages ...... 70 12.3.3 Zone 4 – Proposed Mixed Landuse Zone ...... 71 12.4 ENFORCEMENT OF LANDUSE ZONING ...... 71 12.5 STRUCTURE PLANNING SCENARIOS ...... 74 12.5.1 General ...... 74 12.5.2 Scenario A: laissez–faire Strategy ...... 74 12.5.3 Scenario B: Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis ...... 75 12.5.4 Scenario C: Yousaf Khel Option...... 75 12.5.5 Preferred Scenario ...... 78 12.6 PROPOSED LANDUSES IN ‘SRA GHUNDAI-SHANI KHEL’ AXIS ...... 78 13 INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ...... 80

13.1 TRANSPORTATION ...... 80 13.1.1 Roads ...... 80 13.1.2 Bus Terminal/ Adda ...... 82 13.2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ...... 82 13.2.1 Quantity of Water Supplied ...... 85 13.2.3 Drinking Water Needs ...... 85 13.3 STREETS/DRAINS AND SANITATION: ...... 86 13.4 TELEPHONE/ POSTAL SERVICES ...... 88 13.5 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ...... 88 13.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 88 13.7 POWER SUPPLY...... 89 13.8 SPORTS AND RECREATION...... 89 13.9 LONG TERM PROJECTS ...... 89 13.10 SHORT TERM PROJECTS (IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN)...... 90 14 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 91 15 REVENUE GENERATION ...... 92 ANNEXURES ...... 94

ANNEXURE 1: PROJECTED POPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL VILLAGES & URBAN UNITS OF MOHMAND AGENCY IN 2014-15 . 95 ANNEXURE 2: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE ...... 106 ANNEXURE 3: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA ...... 116 ANNEXURE 4: OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION FOR DELIMITATION OF URBAN BOUNDARIES, GHALANAI ...... 126 ANNEXURE 5: WATER QUALITY TEST RESULTS ...... 128 ANNEXURE 6: GHALANAI INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 131 ANNEXURE 7: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN MEETING OF GHALANAI RESIDENTS ...... 143 ANNEXURE 8: SUGGESTIONS FROM WIDER STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION WORKSHOP, AUGUST 28, 2015 ...... 145

iii

List of Abbreviations

CEC Creative Engineering Consultants CVSP Conflict Victims Support Project DLG&RD Directorate of Local Government & Rural Development EOI Expression of Interest FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FC Frontier Constabulary FCR Frontier Crimes Regulations FRs Frontier Regions FUCP FATA Urban Centres Project GSP Governance Support Project HH Household IAC Izhar& Associates Consulting JV Joint Venture MCC Manual Classified Count PMU Project Management Unit P&DD Planning & Development Department PPC Pakistan Panel Code R Coefficient of Correlation TARUCCI Tribal Areas Rural To Urban Centres Conversion Initiative TOR Terms of Reference WFP World Food Program

List of Tables

TABLE 1: URBAN CENTRES PROPOSED UNDER TARUCCI ...... 2 TABLE 2: STATUS OF PROJECT DELIVERABLES...... 2 TABLE 3: REASONS FOR DISSATISFACTION WITH DRINKING WATER ...... 12 TABLE 4: MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME ...... 14 TABLE 5: PRIORITIES PERCEIVED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS INTERVIEWED ...... 16 TABLE 6: LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN BUILT-UP AREA ...... 18 TABLE 7: LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN OPEN AREA(FALLING IN URBAN AREA) ...... 19 TABLE 8: SHOP CATEGORIES ...... 23 TABLE 9: OPD COUNT IN AHQ HOSPITAL GHALANAI - 2013 ...... 26 TABLE 10: SUMMARY OF DAILY NUMBER OF VEHICLES TO & FROM GHALANAI ...... 27 TABLE 11: DETAILS OF PASSENGERS & GOODS TO & FROM GHALANAI ...... 28 TABLE 12: DAILY TRAFFIC COUNT (BOTH WAYS) ON YAKA GHUND – GAT ROAD (8 AM TO 6 PM) ...... 31 TABLE 13: ROAD NETWORK WITHIN URBAN BOUNDARY ...... 31 TABLE 14: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY NETWORK ...... 39 TABLE 15: WATER STORAGE POINTS AND CAPACITY ...... 39 TABLE 16: POWER DATA OF GHALANAI ...... 46 TABLE 17: SUMMARY OF TOURISM FACILITIES AT POTENTIAL SITES IN MOHMAND AGENCY ...... 55 TABLE 18: NUMBER OF SETTLEMENTS IN MOHMAND AGENCY ...... 57 TABLE 19: SETTLEMENTS ABOVE 3,000 POPULATION IN TEHSIL HALIM ZAI ...... 58 TABLE 20: SETTLEMENTS FALLING IN NOTIFIED AND URBAN AREA ...... 62 TABLE 21: SUMMARY OF POPULATION STATEMENT BY DIFFERENT METHODS ...... 65 TABLE 22: POPULATION FORECASTS (2015-2035) ...... 67 TABLE 23: EXTENT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON 5-YEARLY BASIS ...... 68 TABLE 24: FUTURE LAND REQUIREMENTS ...... 69 TABLE 25: LANDUSES PERMITTED/PERMITTED ON APPEAL IN DIFFERENT ZONES ...... 72 TABLE 26: COMPARISON OF GROWTH SCENARIOS ...... 78 TABLE 27: SPACE STANDARDS FOR PROPOSED LANDUSES...... 79 TABLE 28: PRESENT ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ...... 132 TABLE 29: DEPARTMENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES ...... 133

List of Figures

FIGURE 1: PROCESS ADOPTED FOR PREPARATION OF DIGITIZED BASE MAP ...... 4 FIGURE 2: UNPAVED TRACK AT KATAR...... 30 FIGURE 3: UNPAVED TRACK AT DAWAT KORE ...... 30 FIGURE 4: PAVED ROAD CHANDA ...... 30 FIGURE 5: PAVED ROAD WAZIR KALAY ...... 30 FIGURE 6: PAVED STREET AND DRAIN IN DAWAT KORE ...... 33 FIGURE 7: PAVED STREET AND DRAIN IN WAZIR KALAY...... 33 FIGURE 8: AN UNPAVED STREET AND DRAIN...... 34 FIGURE 9: ROADSIDE DRAIN ON YAKKA GHUND-GAT ROAD ...... 34 FIGURE 10: WATER SUPPLY MAIN FROM CHANDA BOOSTER ...... 38 FIGURE 11: WATER SUPPLY MAIN FROM MIAN MANDI ...... 38 FIGURE 12: DRUMS FILLED FROM PRIVATE LOCAL WELL ...... 38 FIGURE 13: MAIN FROM SOURCE AT MIAN MANDI ...... 38 FIGURE 14: SOLAR WATER SUPPLY WELL AT MIAN MANDI ...... 39 FIGURE 15: SCHEMATIC DRAWING SHOWING WATER SYSTEM IN GHALANAI ...... 40

FIGURE 16: GARBAGE DUMP IN VILLAGE ...... 43 FIGURE 17: GARBAGE DUMP IN VILLAGE ...... 43 FIGURE 18: STADIUM IN GHALANAI ...... 49 FIGURE 19: CHILDREN PARK ...... 49 FIGURE 20: VIEW OF PARK IN GHALLANAI COLONY ...... 49

List of Maps

MAP 1: LOCATION MAP OF GHALANAI ...... 3 MAP 2: EXISTING LANDUSE MAP OF URBAN AREA ...... 20 MAP 3: EXISTING LANDUSE MAP OF NOTIFIED AREA ...... 22 MAP 4: EXISTING ROAD NETWORK IN GHALLANAI ...... 32 MAP 5: EXISTING DRAINAGE & STREET NETWORK ...... 35 MAP 6: TYPE OF DRAINAGE (% OF HOUSEHOLDS) ...... 36 MAP 7: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY NETWORK...... 41 MAP 8: SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER (% OF HOUSEHOLDS) ...... 42 MAP 9: HUMAN WASTE DISPOSAL (% OF HOUSEHOLDS) ...... 44 MAP 10: EXISTING SOLID WASTE DUMPS ...... 45 MAP 11: EXISTING HIGH TENSION LINE ...... 48 MAP 12:EMERGING DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS ...... 60 MAP 13: URBAN BOUNDARIES ...... 63 MAP 14: LANDUSE ZONES ...... 73 MAP 15: LANDUSE STRATEGIES ...... 77 MAP 16: PROPOSED ROAD PROJECTS ...... 81 MAP 17: PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER SUPPLY ...... 84 MAP 18: PROPOSED DRAINAGE & STREET PROJECTS ...... 87

List of Graphs

GRAPH 1: SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER ...... 11 GRAPH 2: INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN GHALANAI: LORENZ CURVE...... 15 GRAPH 3: BUILT-UP AREA VS. OPEN AREA ...... 18 GRAPH 4: LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN BUILT-UP AREA ...... 21 GRAPH 5: EXISTING LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN OPEN AREA ...... 21 GRAPH 6: COMPOSITION OF SHOPS IN GHALANAI BAZAAR ...... 24 GRAPH 7: POPULATION-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SETTLEMENTS (TEHSIL HALIM ZAI VS. MOHMAND AGENCY) ...... 56 GRAPH 8: POPULATION FORECASTS (2015-2035)...... 67 GRAPH 9: POPULATION INCREASE ON FIVE-YEARLY BASIS...... 68

1. PREFACE

Urbanisation in most cases cannot be stopped. Because of economies of scale, Cities keep on growing; they overgrow to an extent that diseconomies of scale begin to accrue. These may be in form of pollution, traffic problems, congestion, dilapidated housing, overburdened infrastructure & municipal services, and so on. Karachi has over grown; and this is one of the reasons behind political turmoil there. It has roots in bad or lack of planning, weak urban management, scarcity of municipal services and lop- sided income distribution, resulting in ethnic strives, social upheaval and law & order problems. In the first place, planners and administrators should be able to foresee this and take mitigation measures. But when such a stage has been reached, planners are forced to think about urban decentralization, in terms of planning new satellite towns in the vicinity of mega city, or improving nearby existing small towns to make them more livable, and hence attract people, reducing pressure on the mega city.

Here we are talking about decentralization. But the situation in tribal areas is quite different. The headquarters of all the seven agencies of FATA are predominantly rural in character; these need to be urbanised. This can be done only if all the urban infrastructure, civic amenities, etc are provided. Cities are engines of growth. Ghalanai should serve as an urban area, and look like an urban area.

The project will contribute towards the implementation of the Tribal Areas Rural-to- Urban Centers Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI) for the 14 urban centers in FATA. Under the auspices of World Bank, TARUCCI Project is being implemented by Project Management Unit (PMU), and FATA Secretariat’s Directorate of Local Government & Rural Development (LG&RD).

The TARUCCI program is a rational, long term strategy for fundamental social and economic transformation through the 14 urban centers in FATA, and has three Strategic objectives, which are to:

a. Enhance responsiveness and effectiveness of the state to restore citizen trust; b. Stimulate employment and livelihood opportunities; c. Ensure delivery of basic services.

The program is designed to set the stage for overall socio-economic development through a range of basic services to improve the quality of life in FATA, and takes into account the potential of these towns to act as engines of socio-economic growth, and provide livelihood opportunities.

The TARUCCI Program is based on the recognition that any strategy to achieve lasting peace and cost effective sustainable development has to be based on encouraging urbanization as a means of social transformation. It is based on the premise that the

scattered settlement pattern in FATA is a key cause of poor service delivery, lack of accessibility, scarce livelihood opportunities, and inadequate security leading to opportunities for militants to challenge the writ of the government. It therefore envisages focusing on the existing urban centers in FATA to enable provision of quality services, employment opportunities, and security.

Urban centers in FATA are already attracting rural population owing to better security, employment opportunities, and basic services. The TARUCCI program envisages supporting their expansion and densification by improving access to planned housing, quality education and health care, municipal services, diverse economic opportunities for trade and employment, recreation, and security. Once these 14 urban centers are developed, they are expected to reduce the sense of deprivation and despondency currently prevalent amongst the people of FATA. The selected urban centers under TARUCCI Program are shown in Table-1 below:

Table 1: Urban Centres Proposed Under TARUCCI S.No Urban Centre Agency S.No Urban Centre Agency 1 Khar Bajaur 8 Wana SWA 2 Ghalanay Mohmand 9 Sarwakai 3 Parachinar Kurram 10 Kalaya Orakzai 4 Sadda 11 Ghiljo 5 Miran Shah NWA 12 Darra Adam Khel FR Kohat 6 Mir Ali 13 Darazinda FR D.I.Khan 7 Landi Kotal Khyber 14 Jandola FR Tank

As per Agreement, the Project is to be accomplished in five deliverables by June 30, 2015. First four deliverables i.e. Inception Report, Base Map, Existing Situation Report and Draft Structure Plan have already been submitted. The current document (Final Structure Plan) is the fifth and last of the five deliverables to be submitted sequentially. Summary of deliverables submitted and to be submitted is given in the Table-2.

Table 2: Status of Project Deliverables S. No. Deliverables Status 1. Inception Report Submitted 2. Base Maps Submitted 3. Existing Situation Report Submitted 4. Draft Structure Plan Submitted 5. Final Structure Plan Under Submission

Map 1: Location Map of Ghalanai

2. METHODOLOGY

To initiate the process of structure planning for Ghalanai, the FATA Urban Centers Project (FUCP) through a press notification invited Consultants to submit technical/financial proposals. Based on our proposal through open competition, CEC- IAC Consortium was selected and awarded the Project.

The primary objective of this consultancy, as specified in the Terms of Reference, is to develop Spatial Plan for the future development of Ghalanai in Mohmand Agency, taking into account the projected population growth, possible economic development scenarios, the need to service existing and future development and other relevant factors.

The approach adopted by Consultants to complete the Assignment is elaborated below:

2.1 DIGITISED BASE MAPS

For preparation of base maps, the Consultants acquired satellite images and digitized them using GIS software (ArcGIS). The relevant data from Ground Topographic (GT) sheets was superimposed on the digitized map. Ground verification was then done using GPS. The Base Map was thus finalized.

Figure 1: Process Adopted for Preparation of Digitized Base Map

5. Finalization of Base Map

4. Field 1. Verification/ Acquisition Ground of Satellite Truthing Imageries

3. Superimposi 2. ng relevent Digitization data from GT Sheets

2.2 EXISTING SITUATION REPORT

Concurrently, work on preparation of Existing Situation Report was initiated, which included collection of data from both primary and secondary sources.

2.2.1 Primary Data Collection

For primary data collection, the following surveys were conducted:

• Household Surveys • Group Interviews • Land use Surveys • Infrastructure Surveys • Traffic Surveys • Institutional Surveys.

Household questionnaire was prepared after thorough in-house deliberations with experts; these were pre-coded and then field tested. Based on the questions, a tabulation plan was prepared including some cross-tabs. A statistically representative sample size was then determined and field surveys were conducted. The data thus collected was cleaned, entered in computer using SPSS, required tables were generated and the data was analyzed. Details about sampling and survey methodology employed have been described in a subsequent part of this Report.

Besides, group interviews were also conducted, which included women groups, Politicians, Journalists, community elders/ maliks, businessmen/ transporters and marginalized poor segment of the community.

Even though the base map prepared by the consultants clearly identified all physical features and were marked over it, but a physical confirmation of land use was considered necessary to confirm the nature of the landuses in the project area. Standard color codes were used for showing the different landuses, as given in the legend of base map. For example, brown color is usually used for residential areas, blue for commercial, green for open spaces, and so on.

For traffic counts, fresh manual classified counts (MCC) were conducted by the Consultants, at the entry and exit points. The inferences from the data thus collected are given in the relevant section.

2.2.2 Secondary Data Collection

Apart from primary data mentioned in previous section, The Consultants also collected secondary information and held detailed meetings in Ghalanai and in Peshawar with different stake holders and collected secondary data of relevance for the Project. The officials met among others included the following:

i. Secretary & officials of P&D Department, FATA Secretariat ii. Director and officials of Directorate of Local Government and Rural Development, FATA iii. Directorate of Projects, FATA iv. Political Agent, Mohmand Agency v. Assistant Political Agent, Mohmand Agency vi. Community elders vii. Maliks viii. Women Groups ix. Politicians x. Journalists xi. Youth xii. Representatives from Government Departments/Directorates a) XEN/SDO, Department of Works and Communication (W&S) b) XEN/SDO, Public Health Engineering Department c) XEN/SDO, Department of Irrigation d) Agency Health Officer e) Agency Education Officer f) SDO/ XEN WAPDA/PESCO g) Nominated Municipal Committee Officials h) FUCP/ World Bank Staff

Some of the documents collected for reference included:

i. Structure Plan for Khar, Bajaur Agency ii. FATA Sustainable Development Plan, 2007-2015, Civil Secretariat, FATA, Peshawar. iii. Tribal Areas Rural-To-Urban Centers Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI), FATA Secretariat, Peshawar. iv. Citizens Pre-Budget (2014-15) Consultation Report on Mohmand Agency, Implementation Support Unit, DOP, P&DD, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar. v. FATA Development Statistics-2013, BoS, FATA Cell, P&DD, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar vi. Important Agency/ FR wise Socio-Economic Indicators of FATA-2013, BoS, FATA Cell, P&DD, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar vii. Miscellaneous PC-1s of development initiatives viii. List of Foreign Aided Projects in FATA

The Consultant’s team visited Ghalanai a number of times, not only to collect primary and secondary data, but also to engage local officials of Ghalanai, and obtain information about all aspects of existing situation in the Town. A number of group interviews were held involving communities, women groups, officials and representatives of different segments of society. The survey teams were given

training and understanding about the nature and objectives of the Project before sending them to field for data collection.

The emphasis has been on community-based approach for data collection and planning options and local staff was engaged for collection of most of the data.

2.3 DRAFT STRUCTURE PLAN

Using the information given in the Base map, Existing Situation Report, consultations with various stakeholders and numerous field visits by Consultants team, Draft Structure Plan for Ghalanai was prepared. In accordance with the TOR, it included assessment of growth and development scenarios, which were used as the basis for the Draft Structure Plan, showing the expected/preferred pattern and extent for the future growth of the town.

The Draft Structure Plan also assessed options for meeting priority needs/fostering the implementation of the Structure Plan and developed preliminary proposals for schemes to meet needs and facilitate implementation of the Structure Plan. It included possible options for meeting priority needs of the stakeholders, which could be modified based on their feedback about the proposals.

2.4 FINAL STRUCTURE PLAN

The Draft Structure Plan was submitted to the World Bank through FUCP, and a meeting was held in World Bank Islamabad in first week of June, 2015. The participants included officials of WB, FUCP and the Consultants. The Draft Structure Plans were thoroughly discussed; and based on written comments received through FUCP, a revised version of Draft Structure Plan was submitted. The comments on revised version mostly pertained to minor editing and the World Bank gave a go- ahead for presenting the Plan to stakeholders.

The Draft Structure Plan was then presented to various stakeholders belonging to Ghalanai; for this purpose a meeting was arranged on August 13, 2015 in which the Draft Structure Plan and the identified projects were explained. The proceedings of the meeting are presented in a separate document entitled ‘Appendix to Final Structure Plan’, and form a part of this submission. The comments/suggestions of participants have been incorporated to finalize the Structure Plan and list of priority projects. List of participants is given in Annexure 7.

On August 28, 2015 a wider stakeholder’s consultative workshop was held at Hotel Pearl Continental, Peshawar in which an MNA from Khyber Agency, Senator from Mohmand Agency, Secretary AIC FATA, Project Director and other officials from FUCP, and representatives of various Departments participated. Some very useful suggestions were received which have been incorporated in this Final Report. The suggestions are given in Annexure 8. Details of workshop proceedings are given in a separate document ‘Appendix to Final Structure Plan’.

PART A: EXISTING SITUATION

3. HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

3.1 GENERAL

Household Surveys were conducted to determine demographic, social and economic aspects of households and their level of satisfaction with different facilities. The survey was based on observed variations in the respondent households, using stratified samples based on our prior knowledge of locality types and access to infrastructure facilities.

The questionnaire for household surveys was prepared after through deliberations, shared with the Client, was pre-coded and field tested (attached as Annex 2). Based on the questions, tabulation plan was prepared which included some cross-tabs. The interviewers were comprehensively trained; each question was explained and survey methodology elaborated.

3.2 SAMPLE SIZE AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY

Sample Size was determined through a number of statistical which include:

i) Margin of Error ii) Confidence Level iii) Universe (i.e. total number of households in the project area)

The margin of error is the amount of error that can be tolerated. Margin of error adopted was 7% for household surveys in Ghalanai Urban Area. The confidence level is the amount of uncertainty that can be tolerated. With a confidence level of 95%, one would expect that for one of the questions in the survey, the percentage of people who answer yes would be more than the margin of error away from the true answer. The true answer is the percentage one would get if everyone was exhaustively interviewed. Typical choices for confidence level are 90%, 95%, or 99%. For Ghalanai, confidence level of 95% was adopted.

Universe in statistical terms is the total number of people or households, from which sample is to be drawn. The population of Ghalanai Urban area in January 2015, as calculated from WHO’s polio data, is around 8,260. Thus the parameters adopted to calculate sample size included:

i) Margin of Error = 7% ii) Confidence Level = 95% iii) Universe = 26,000

Applying the above values in the formula, the recommended sample size is 1961. A round figure of 200 interviews was adopted.

1Source: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html 9

Having determined sample size, the next step was to conduct actual surveys, in a way so as to capture variations among respondents of different areas within the project area.

As a first step, all the areas/ localities falling in the delineated urban area were noted and their 2015 population as already explained in an earlier section was listed. There are 12 localities/villages in the project area, and their total population was worked out. Based on this, the percentage population of each locality was calculated.

The fundamental question for the sampling protocol was to capture information from each village/ settlement that fell in the delineated urban area of Ghalanai. The purpose was to capture some, if not all, variations to ensure a representative sample.

The overall representative sample size as already calculated in ‘Existing Situation Report’ is 200. The settlement-wise sample size was calculated by applying the population percentage to 200.Thus sample size varied with the population of settlements, ranging from 7 each in Yousaf Khel & Mateen to 45 in case of Anat Kor/Landian.

Having determined the settlement-specific sample size, the field officers collected information about number of ‘hujras’ in each settlement and visited each hujra. Thus if a locality had four hujras, all four were visited. Through the local elders, people to whom that ‘hujra’ belonged were invited for interviews. Preference for interviews was given to heads of the household, but where they were not available; the elder son/close relative living in the same household was interviewed. Unlike in settled areas, many people in tribal areas live in family compounds. Families living in a compound are closely related, but may have separate kitchens. Thus there can be two or more households in a compound. The interviewers ensured to interview representative of only one household in the compound to ensure dispersal and representation of each sub-locality. The data thus collected was entered in computer using SPSS software, and required tables/cross-tabs generated.

3.3 SURVEY FINDINGS

The findings of household surveys were presented in detail in the ‘Existing Situation Report’. Following are the summarized salient features. Survey findings in form of statistical Tables are presented in Annexure 2.

3.3.1 Household Sizes

The average household size in Ghalanai is 11. In about 52% of the surveyed household, the size is 6 to10 members, while in more than 40%, the household size is above 10. Smaller households, with sizes ranging from 1 to 5 are less than 8%.

3.3.2 Age-Sex Composition

The total male population is around 55% while the female population is about 45%. The sex-ratio is 81.7, i.e. for every 100 males, there are 81.7 females. In other words, there are 1.22 males/female in Ghalanai, as against the national average of 1.06 males/female. This indicates either under-reporting of female population or high female mortality (or both).

3.3.3 Sources of Drinking Water

More than 57% households obtain drinking water from their own well, more than 18% use motor pump, around 6% purchase drinking water from water tanker, and a similar percentage of households obtain it from municipal water source outside the house. About 8% fetch water from spring, and a small percentage use other’s well/water tank.

As already stated, majority of the households (more than 57%) obtain drinking water from wells, but 82% of these are not satisfied with it. The next highest source of drinking water is through motor pumps (more than 18% households); and about 94% of such households are satisfied with it. The source of drinking water of around 6% households is water tanker, of which 89% are satisfied with it. Another around 6% obtain water from municipal tap outside the house compound, of which 40% are satisfied and 60% are not satisfied. Households fetching water from springs are about 8%, of which 62% are satisfied while about 38% are not.

Sources of Drinking Water: % of Households 4.03 7.72 6.38 6.04 57.38

18.46

Own Well Motor pump Purchase from Water Tanker Municipal water outside compound Others Spring/Stream

Graph 1: Sources of Drinking Water

Reasons for dissatisfaction have been described in ‘Existing Situation Report’, Table E-6, Page 36 (April 2015). For ready reference, the relevant Table is reproduced below. It appears that people are more concerned about the availability of water, rather than its quality. It also signifies the magnitude of problem.

Table 3: Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Drinking Water Reasons Cumulative % Frequency insufficient water in well/dried well 137 42.15 Water has to be fetched from a distant sources by females 62 19.08 Water Quality (color/taste) is not good. 42 12.92 Water shortage due to load shedding 19 5.85 Have to ask relatives/other persons to use their source 18 5.54 Have to purchase water from tanker 17 5.23 No water storage tank 11 3.38 Cannot afford to dig well/purchase water from tanker 7 2.15 No affordability for motor pump to get water from well. 5 1.54 Others 7 2.15 Total 325 100.00

3.3.4 Sanitation: Disposal of Human Waste

When asked if there was an arrangement for disposal of human waste, the response was in affirmative in around 56% of the interviewed households. Of these, about 56% use dry system, about 24% had flush latrine, while remaining use other methods.

Dry system used by 56% households is direct drop pit latrine toilet or the “conventional Conservancy” type latrine and the excreta is either daily taken out of the house and dumped in fields or the pit when filled is emptied for reuse or filled with dirt and another one is dug.

More than 41% households were not satisfied with the prevailing system. The main reasons cited for dissatisfaction were non-availability or inadequacy of latrines in their homes (51%). About 29% complained of lack of water for waste disposal, and about 16% said that they did not have flush latrines.

3.3.5 Drainage

More than 52% households responded that there was some kind of drainage system while 47% replied in negative. Among those whose response was in affirmative, about 93% reported that drainage was in form of open unlined drains, while about 6% had open but lined drains. Households served with piped sewerage are negligible.

Around 48% of the households are satisfied with the prevailing drainage system, 47% are not while less than 5% were indifferent. The reasons put forward by those not satisfied are that katcha drains cause damage to houses (54.4%), are problematic for pedestrians due to slushy streets (19.1%), drains are katcha/open (about 12%) and cause contamination (10.3%).

3.3.6 Solid Waste Collection

When asked if there was any arrangement for solid waste disposal, the response of more than 58% households was negative, and all households informed that the solid waste was disposed by them, and were not satisfied by the prevailing practice. The main reasons put forward were lack of interest by authorities and no planned solid waste dumps/depots. People thus complained of bad smell, unhygienic/dirty environment, diseases and obstructions for pedestrians.

3.3.7 Housing

About 37% respondents were living in row (attached) houses, and about 27% were housed in family compounds. Average number of houses per family compound is 3.58. Isolated houses and semi-detached houses were around 18% each.

Average Number of Habitable Rooms per house is 3.29. Most of the houses are two- roomed (about 30%) and three roomed (about 27%). Together, these two categories form more than 56% of the total housing stock. Houses having five or more rooms are more than 22%.

It is worth mentioning here that there is a weak correlation between household sizes and number of habitable rooms (Coefficient of correlation ‘R’= 0.49). In other words, larger household size does not necessarily imply more habitable rooms. There is another way of looking at it. It can be deduced from the collected housing data that the total number of rooms in houses of the surveyed households is 716. The households surveyed were 206; their average household size was found to be 11, implying that the total population of in the surveyed households is 206X11=2,266; thus occupancy rate or number of persons per habitable room is calculated to be 2,266/716=3.16, which is not very high considering the local standards, although it is indicator of some congestion/over-crowding.

Around 39% houses have no bathrooms, 57% have no latrines and about 7.3% have no formal kitchen. Regarding tenure status, practically all houses are owner occupied (more than 98%); in the sample the consultants came across negligible number of houses which were rented or had any other form of tenure status.

Most of the houses are katcha (more than 69%) while 26.2% are semi-pucca houses; these two categories constitute about 96% of the total housing stock. Less than 5% of the houses are pucca.

The frequency distribution of houses which were constructed during the past 11 to 25 years, 26 to 50 years, and more than 50 years is fairly uniform, varying between 23% (approx.) to around 27%. Houses constructed during the past 10 years are relatively much lesser. All the interviewed households were living in single storey houses.

About 54% of the households are living in their present house for the last more than 25 years; the second highest category (about 17.5%) are relatively recent residents,

who started to live in their present houses in last less than 5 years. About 96% of the sample households want to keep living in their present houses and do not want to shift anywhere else.

3.3.8 Earning Members and Income Levels

In about 82% households, the earning members are 1-2, while in 17% households, the number of earning members is 3 to 4. These two categories constitute more than 98% of the total households. All earning members in the sample were males, except for one household which had a female earning member, who was in tailoring business.

On average, there are 1.8 earning members per household. Since household size is 11, the dependency ratio is 11/1.8=6.11, i.e. average number of household members dependent upon one earning member is 6.11. This is quite high and indicates high unemployment.

Average household income through earning members is Rs. 28,214. However if other sources of income2 are also included, the average household income increases to Rs. 28,689.

It needs to be emphasized however that averages such as above hide important internal differences and do not indicate income inequalities. Distribution of sample households across different incomes categories are therefore shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Monthly Household Income Monthly Income No. % Cum % Up to 5,000 15 7.28 7.28 5,000-10,000 24 11.65 18.93 10,001-15,000 31 15.05 33.98 15,001-20,000 38 18.45 52.43 20,001-30,000 42 20.39 72.81 30,001-50,000 30 14.56 87.38 Above 50,000 26 12.62 100.00 Total 206 100.00

It is clear from the Table that monthly income of about 19% of the households is up to Rs. 10,000; 34% households earn up to Rs. 15,000 and so on.

It may be mentioned here that the commonly used inequality measure is Gini- coefficient. The coefficient varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 1, which indicates complete inequality (i.e. one person has all the income or consumption, all others have none). Graphically, the Gini coefficient can be easily represented by the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of equality. Lorenz

2 Such as agriculture, property rent, transport etc 14

curve for Ghalanai is shown in Graph 2; and the Gini coefficient has been has been calculated by the following formula:

Gini coefficient = Area of A/Area of sum of (A+B), i.e. A/(A+B); which has been calculated to be 0.43, which indicates high income inequality in Ghalanai. As the graph shows, the share of bottom 20% households is less than 10% of the total income, while the top 20% households get 45% of the total incomes. The income distribution in Ghalanai is thus highly skewed.

Graph 2: Income Distribution in Ghalanai: Lorenz Curve

It is worth mentioning here that there is very weak relationship between household Income and household size (R= 0.357). This indicates that larger household size does not imply higher household income, and vice versa.

Again, there is no relationship what so ever between household income and type of house (R=-0.025); This means that a household may be living in a row house, house in family compound or semi-detached house etc, irrespective of income category of the household.

3.3.9 Priority Problems

The priority problems as perceived by households were noted. Based on analysis in the ‘Existing Situation Report’, the inferred priorities are as below:

Priority 1 Problem: Shortage of drinking water Priority 2 Problem: No proper link road connecting village to main road Priority 3 Problem: Unpaved/katcha streets Priority 4 Problem: Unpaved streets and load shedding

Priority 5 Problem: Flooding issues.

4 GROUP INTERVIEWS

A detailed exposition of the group interviews was included in the ‘Existing Situation Report’. The interviews were held in the first two weeks of March 2015, and included groups of different stakeholders such as:

• Women • Journalists • Transporters • Youth • Marginalized group • Community elders • Politicians

Through informal and inter-active discussions, the information was obtained regarding main issues of the town and their urgent priorities/developmental requirements.

Based on the information thus collected, the priority sectors/schemes, as identified by the stakeholders are summarized below.

Table 5: Priorities Perceived By Different Groups Interviewed Priorities Women-I Women-II Politicians Journalists Comm. Poor Transporters Youth Elders Priority 1 Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Supply Water Supply Supply Supply Supply Supply Supply Supply Priority 2 Solid Storm Roads Roads Roads Roads Roads Roads waste Water collection Drainage Priority 3 Public Public Storm Storm Storm Storm Bus Terminal Storm Toilets Toilets Water Water Water Water Water Drainage Drainage Drainage Drainag Drainage e Priority 4 Roads Sewerage Public Sewerage Sewerag Public Sewerage Sewerag System Toilets System e Toilets System e System System Priority 5 Bus Slaughter Park Public Public Park Storm Water Public Terminal House Toilets Toilets Drainage Toilets Priority 6 Slaughter Bus Sewerage Slaughter Slaughte Sewera Public Toilets Slaughter House Terminal System House r House ge House System Priority 7 Park Park Solid Bus Bus Solid Slaughter Bus Waste Terminal Terminal Waste House Terminal Collection Collecti on Priority 8 Storm Bus Park Park Bus Solid Waste Solid Water Terminal Termin Collection Waste Drainage al Collection Priority 9 Sewerage Slaughter Solid Slaught Park Park System House Waste er Collection House

5 LANDUSE SURVEYS

5.1 GENERAL

Landuse is the most stable component of urban dynamics, as changes are likely to modify the landuse structure over a rather long period of time. This comes as little surprise since most real estate is built to last at least several decades. The main impact of land use on urban dynamics is its function of a generator and attractor of movements.

Land use implies a set of relationships with other land uses. For instance, commercial land use involves relationships with its supplier and customers. Thus, a level of accessibility to both systems of circulation must be present. Since each type of land use has its own specific mobility requirements, transportation is a factor of activity location, and is therefore associated intimately with land use.

Ghalanay, like any existing urban area, has expanded on basis of indigenous growth; there is no ‘standardized’ landuse distribution of activities. The proportions and forms of urban landscape are the resultants of past and present socio-economic forces. The market processes have a strong pervasive power, and hence the scope of planned interventions in urban landuse pattern needs to be understood.

The landuse distribution in Ghalanay has been analyzed and the text below presents pen picture of the location and broad description of the landuses with respect to type of landuses and spatial location etc.

5.2 LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION IN GHALANAI

5.2.1 Built-Up Vs. Open Area

The field information about existing landuses was computerized in GIS using standard color codes. The survey statistics thus obtained reveal that the urban area of Ghalanay is spread over around 4,291 acres (about 17.4 square kilometers), of which around 569 acres or 2.3 square kilometer (13.26%) is built-up while around 3,722 acres around 15 square kilometer (86.74%) is open or non-built up area.

Built-up Area Vs. Open Area (%) in Ghalanay Town

13.26

86.74

Built-up Area Open Area

Graph 3: Built-up Area vs. Open Area

The built-up areas include residential, commercial, restricted area, educational, health, road network including transport terminals, graveyards and offices etc.

The non-built up areas include vacant area (including physically difficult area, mainly steep slopes at the edges of urban boundary), agricultural land, forests and Khawars.

5.2.2 Landuse Distribution in Built-Up Area

The total built-up area in Ghalanai Town is about 569 acres (2.3 square kilometer), of which about 72% (409 acres 1.65 square kilometer) is under residential uses Thus, as the name suggests it is pre-dominantly residential area but also includes internal streets and lanes, privately owned land falling in between and purely low- end, local level facilities. The next landuse category is restricted area (mainly cantonment area) which covers around 12% of total area, more than 4% under road network, (includes main and mettaled roads only; the unmettaled/katcha roads generally pass through Khawars etc, and hence are included but not internal access roads); about 2.9% under commercial area, and about 4.5% under graveyards. The detailed statistics about landuse distribution in built-area are given in Table 6, in square kilometers, acres and as percentages of the total built-up area.

Table 6: Landuse Distribution in Built-up Area Landuses Area in Sq. Area in % Km Acres Residential 1.65 408.67 71.84 Commercial 0.07 16.30 2.87 Restricted Area 0.28 70.01 12.31 Educational 0.07 16.71 2.94 Health 0.02 4.48 0.79

Landuses Area in Sq. Area in % Km Acres Road Network 0.09 23.27 4.09 Railway Station 0.01 3.52 0.62 Bus Terminal/Car Stand 0.001 0.17 0.03 Others (Mobile Tower, Public, Water Tank, Grid 0.001 0.17 0.03 Station, Offices etc Grave Yards 0.10 25.55 4.49 Total Built-up Area 2.292 568.85 100

5.2.3 Landuse Distribution in Open Area

The total open area within urban limits is more than 3,721 acres or around 15 square kilometer, most of which is either vacant or under agriculture (47.46% and 45.56% respectively). These two categories if combined are about 93% of the total open area. The other open areas, as seen in the Table 7, are relatively insignificant and include Khawars (2.2%), and forests (4.79%).

Table 7: Landuse Distribution in Open Area(Falling in Urban Area) Landuses Area in Sq. Area in % Km. Acres Khawars 0.33 82.00 2.20 Vacant Land 7.15 1766.11 47.46 Agriculture 6.86 1695.38 45.56 Forests 0.72 178.23 4.79 Total Area 15.07 3721.72 100

Map 2: Existing Landuse Map of Urban Area

Landuse Distribution in Built-up Area (%) 80.00 71.84 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 12.31 4.09 4.49 10.00 2.94 0.79 0.71 0.03

0.00

Health

Residential

Grave Yards Grave

Educational

Road Network Road

Restricted Area Restricted

Transport Terminals Transport Others (Mobile Tower, (Mobile Others Water Tank (Offices etc) (Offices Tank Water

Graph 4: Landuse Distribution in Built-up Area

Landuse Distribution in Open Area (%)

47.46 45.56 50 40 30 20

10 2.20 4.79 0 Khawars Vacant Land Agriculture Forests

Graph 5: Existing Landuse Distribution in Open Area

Map 3: Existing Landuse Map of Notified Area

5.3 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE LANDUSE PATTERN

Ghalanay Town lies in Halimzai Tehsil of Mohmand Agency, located in its extreme south-eastern corner. Ghalanay urban area is basically an agglomeration of settlements/villages, with agricultural land in between. The urban hub comprises of Ghalanay Colony, the restricted area or Cantonment, Government Degree College and Agency Headquarter Hospital, all located towards north of Peshawar Road. Bulk of commercial area lies towards south of this Road while Ghalanay settlement is scattered and lies on its both sides.

The growth as already stated is mostly sporadic, spread along different mettaled/unmettaled roads and Khawars. The overall landuse pattern is diffused and the town has been expanding haphazardly. There is admixture of landuses, which apart from residential include intensive commercial activities, public buildings and others.

6 COMMERCIAL SURVEYS

Ghalanai Bazaar is located in Halimzai tehsil, and is a small bazaar comprised of approximately 345 shops (Table 8). Different types of businesses operate in the market, including many shops that sell products from Iran and China. Apart from the businesses and shops, the bazaar also houses the office of the political agent and the main agency hospital. It is located on the main road to Bajaur Agency and passers-bys often stop frequently for refreshments and food. The bazaar is two kilometers long, and it takes almost 20 minutes to walk from one end to the other. Some shops, like the pharmacy and general stores, remain open after normal business hours with permission from the head of the bazaar committee.

Table 8: Shop Categories Category Number of Shops Clothing 48 Electronic/Hardware/Mechanical 44 Fruit/Veg/Poultry/Meat 50 General 90 Mobile Phone 33 Personal Grooming 11 Pharmacy 11 Restaurant 11 Others 47 TOTAL 345

The shops now remain open more often, and for longer period. Reconstruction of the road in the bazaar would also help to improve the business climate.

Through informal discussions with the shop keepers, the consultants were informed that primary customers came from in or near the bazaar area. Most shopkeepers reported that on average they received 20-40 customers per day. The shops normally open at 7 or 8 AM, and close at 8:00 PM.

Composition of Ghalanai Bazar No. of Shops

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Clothing 48

Electronic/Hardware/Mechanical 44

Fruit/Veg/Poultry/Meat 50

General 90

Mobile Phone 33

Personal Grooming 11

Pharmacy 11

Restaurant 11

Others 47

Graph 6: Composition of Shops in Ghalanai Bazaar

7 OTHER LANDUSES

7.1 RESIDENTIAL AREAS

The residential area of Ghalanai is mostly concentrated in 12 villages/clusters. In terms of gross urban area delineated, the residential areas cover only a minuscule part of planning area; however among the built-up area, the share of residential areas is about 72%. Although residential areas are scattered throughout the delineated area, but bulk is concentrated towards its lower southern part. In other directions, spatial growth of housing areas is less intensive and sporadic. The overall landuse pattern is diffused and there is admixture of landuses.

Detailed description of housing areas is given in Section E-1.4.7 of Existing Situation Report.

7.2 AGENCY HEADQUARTER HOSPITAL

In Ghalanay, Mohmand Agency an RHC (Rural Health Centre was established in 1977- 78 which was upgraded to a Civil Hospital (CH) in 1982-83. The Civil Hospital was then upgraded to Tehsil Headquarter Hospital (THQ) in 1992 93 and further upgraded to the present Agency Headquarter Hospital in 2003-4. The present AHQ is a 110 bedded (type C hospital). The total sanctioned staff strength is 176 including doctors, specialists and nursing staff. The filled positions at present are 170 whereas 6 positions are vacant. The facilities existing in the AHQ are: X-Ray block, block, Ultrasound, Blood Bank, ECG, Operation Theater, medicine store, OPD, Laboratory and Casualty. The distribution of the 110 beds is: 10-in Male Medical Ward, 10- Male Surgical Ward, 10 Female Medical ward, 10-Female Surgical Ward, 20-ENT Ward, 10-Children Ward, 10- Eye Ward, 5- Private Ward, 3-Casualty Male, 3-Casualty Female, 20-Gynea Ward and 5 Private Rooms. . The facility also has a 32 room Doctor’s Hostel, 16 rooms Nurses Hostel, 16 rooms for Paramedics and 4 ICU rooms. The average monthly OPD count is around 9,565 patients. Table 9 show details of Monthly OPD for 2013.

Table 9: OPD Count in AHQ Hospital Ghalanai - 20133 Name of Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total General OPD 5715 6110 8110 8050 8355 9250 8100 7500 7500 9200 8050 8150 94090 Emergency OPD 372 366 504 579 615 800 705 822 656 655 545 546 7165 Surgical Admission 59 83 89 70 95 110 41 21 34 110 60 110 882 ENT Admission 18 31 20 22 49 70 4 11 32 90 170 80 597 Medical Admission 131 177 190 162 210 285 226 280 155 200 205 115 2336 Children Admission 7 10 15 34 90 85 84 70 82 120 65 90 752 Gynae Admission 61 53 66 68 145 130 73 76 47 98 56 60 933 X-ray 87 98 180 206 260 260 186 149 194 225 287 289 2421 Lab Investigation 197 225 404 280 70 60 241 554 358 601 402 348 3740 Ultra Sound 45 34 50 73 28 16 35 23 36 30 370 ECG 19 26 29 42 80 90 22 19 19 45 98 60 549 Dentistry 73 58 53 72 70 80 91 79 107 94 77 84 938 Total 6784 7271 9710 9658 10067 11236 9808 9604 9220 11468 10015 9932 114773

3Source: Superintendent, AHQ Source: Medical Hospital, Ghallanai

7.3 TRANSPORT TERMINAL

A formal and organized transport terminal does not exist in Ghallanai, however in order to cater to local passenger and goods transport linking Ghallanai to Yaka Ghund and Peshawar on one side and Ghallanai to Bajaur Agency on the other side as well as the surrounding nearby villages, a Taxi Stand and a HI-Ace/ Wagon adda exist in the Bazar. These two stands serve incoming and outgoing vehicles to and from Ghallanai. Plying vehicles for transportation of passengers and goods vary in shape, size and nature from small Suzuki cars, Datsun pickups, Hi-Ace to medium and heavy trucks. An estimated daily load of 250 light vehicles enter with passengers into Ghallanai from Peshawar, Bajaur and the nearby villages whereas 410 passenger vehicles leave Ghallanai for the same destinations. Goods transported to Ghallanai on a daily basis are mainly from Peshawar through 125 numbers of light and heavy trucks. Similarly 110 light/ heavy trucks leave for Ghallanai for Shabqadar and onwards with goods mainly marble. Summary of daily passenger vehicles to and from Ghallanai is shown in Table 10 and details are included in Table 11.

Table 10: Summary of Daily Number of Vehicles To & From Ghalanai S. Type of Transport Reaching Ghallanai (IN) Leaving Ghallanai (OUT) No 1. Passenger (Cars, Suzuki, 250 vehicles from Peshawar, 410 vehicles for Peshawar, nearby Vans, Buses, Datsun, etc) nearby villages and Bajaur villages, Bajaur Agency, etc 2. Goods (Trucks, Shehzor, 125 Vehicles mainly bringing 110 Vehicles taking good to Datsun, etc) goods from Peshawar. Shabqadar Source: President Transport Adda (Mr. Sherzada Khan), Ghallanai Bazar

Table 11: Details of Passengers & Goods To & From Ghalanai S.No Vehicle No. of Number of Directions Type Passengers Vehicles Passenger Transport 1 Datsun 15 persons per 40 Local area, Main Mandi, Ghandahab Datsun 2 Datsun 15person per 40 From Ghalanay to Peshawar, Kohat, Bajaur, Swat, Malakand Datsun 3 Taxi Car 4 person per car 50 Ghalanay to Peshawar, Kohat, Bajaur, Swat, Malakand etc Toyota 4 Taxi Cars 4 210 From Peshawar to Bajaur agency and Bajaur to Peshawar. Suzuki 5 flying 18 300 From Peshawar to Ghandahab , Khuwzi ,Baizi tehsils and Bajaur Coach agency and then back to Peshawar both sided 6 Hi-Ace 18 20 From Bajaur to Peshawar and Mohmand then both sided 7 Motor bike 2 1000 Local area traffic Goods Transport

Trucks 200 Marble, Chromites, Cement, crush, bricks etc

1 Dumper 20 Cement, crush, sand, bricks, etc truck 2 Tractor 40 Cement, crush, sand, bricks, etc and Trolley 3 Suzuki Van 15 Fruit and Chicken etc Source: President Transport Adda (Mr. Sherzada Khan), Ghallanai Bazar

8 INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

8.1 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION:

8.1.1 Roads

The main route passing through Ghallanai linking it to district Peshawar and Bajaur Agency is the Yakka Ghund- Mohammad Gat Road4 which spans 14 Km from Yaka Ghund to Ghallanai and further 45 Km road with a 750 meter long tunnel from Ghallanai to Bajaur border. The 14 Km stretch from Yaka Ghund to Ghallanai has been recently reconstructed by the Works and Services (W&S) Department, FATA and the remaining 45 Km is being constructed to improved standards by FWO under donor funds. A 750 meter long tunnel near Yousaf Khel is also under construction by FWO. The 17 Km stretch of the road from Ghallanai to the Tunnel at Yousaf Khel is substantially complete. A network of paved roads in good condition measuring about 10 Km (including 4.5 Km of the main under construction road) constructed and maintained by the Works and Services (W&S) department are present within the urban boundary. Additionally about 8.5 Km of kacha tracks, generally passing through dry Khwar beds are connecting Ghallanai to the surrounding villages5. Daily two way traffic counts at the entrance to Ghallanai for one day is included in Table 126. Existing major roads and kacha tracks within the city are shown in Map-1.

Salient features like length and surface condition of the major roads were recorded by the Consultant’s Field Team and are presented in Table 13.

Two main addas/ stands are located within the bazaar area from where taxis, pickups, vans, Suzukis and light/ heavy trucks ply between Ghallanai, Peshawar, Bajaur and the surrounding villages.

4 Road network in Mohmmand Agency, like all FATA, is the responsibility of Works & Services (W&S) department, FATA. W&S department through its field offices construct, operate and maintain the roads. 5 Consultant’s Field Survey Team in consultation with W&S department. 6 Consultants Field Team observed “12 hour traffic count” on March 12, 2015 29

Figure 2: Unpaved Track at Katar Figure 3: Unpaved Track at Dawat Kore

Figure 4: Paved Road Chanda Figure 5: Paved Road Wazir Kalay

Table 12: Daily Traffic Count (both ways) on Yaka Ghund – Gat Road (8 AM to 6 PM) 7 Type of M/ Car Hi- Datsun Truck Dumper Truck Truck Tractor Time Vehicle Cycle Ace 2 XL 4 XL

Nos. 67 115 102 57 5 3 0 0 3 8:00am to 9:00am 132 156 148 88 4 4 1 0 5 9:00am to 10:00am 54 147 109 48 3 4 2 1 3 11:00am to 12:00pm

57 134 103 60 3 4 3 0 0 12:00pmto 1:00pm 33 80 60 42 3 5 5 2 3 1:00pm to 2:00pm 24 85 48 20 2 3 0 0 0 2:00pm to 3:00pm 90 90 84 65 6 3 3 3 3 3:00pm to 4:00pm 24 56 46 32 5 3 3 3 3 4:00pm to 5:00pm 30 45 40 35 6 2 0 3 4 5:00pm to 6:00pm TOTAL 553 1028 822 499 44 34 18 13 29 3,040 Source: Consultant’s Field Survey Team Traffic Count on 12 March, 2015

Table 13: Road Network within Urban Boundary8 S. No Name of Road Length in Paved/ Unpaved Condition Km 1. MabiKhel Kalay 1.4 Paved Good 2. Wazir Kalay 1.56 Paved Good with some sections need repairs 3. Chanda Road 0.61 Paved Good 4. Madrassa Road 2.35 Paved Good 5. Section of Yaka Ghund- 4.5 Under construction Good Standards are maintained Mohammad Gat Road by FWO 6. Tracks/ Kacha Roads 8.5 Kacha Fair to Bad Source: Consultant’s Field Survey Team

7 Consultants 12 hour traffic count on March 12, 2015 8 Consultants Field Survey 31

32 Map 4: Existing Road Network in Ghallanai

8.1.2 Streets and Drains:

Household survey carried out in 200 households within the urban boundary included a question on the type of drainage in the respective localities. Map 6 given below is the response distribution. Accordingly, only 50% of the residents in Katar, 10% in Zore Kalay and 27% in Wazir Kalay responded that open lined drains were present. Majority of the internal streets (small access paths) and drains in the villages are unpaved9 as only 1.78 Km length of streets within the colony and a few others are paved. Streets measuring 9.46 Km in the rest of the urban area are unpaved. The lengths of existing drains are estimated about 4 Km out of which 3 Km is lined and about 1 Km are katcha. Major drains along the road side are lined in addition to some in the villages carried out through MNA funds or donor initiatives10. Existing situation of streets and drains is shown in Map 5 and can be observed in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. These streets are generally narrow and often with sharp windings not permitting vehicular traffic and thus pavement with bricks, PCC or tough tiles would be adequate provided the quality in construction is maintained. The LG&RDD has executed some pavement of streets depending upon the availability of funds through MNAs or donors. There seems no system for cleaning of drains and the community is responsible to keep their streets and drains clean as their moral obligation as a community.

Figure 6: Paved Street and Drain in Dawat Kore Figure 7: Paved Street and Drain in Wazir Kalay

9 Consultants Field Survey and GIS/ Digitized imagery 10 Street paving and lining of drains are local sanitation works which fall under the jurisdiction of the Local Government and Rural Development (LG&RD) department. Sometimes, donor community development projects also pave streets and construct/ line drains within the community. 33

Figure 8: An Unpaved Street and Drain. Figure 9: Roadside Drain on Yakka Ghund-Gat Road

8.1.3 Telephone and Postal Services:

Pakistan Telecommunication (PTCL) and mobile phone services are available to the majority of residents11. There is a PTCL telephone exchange in Ghallanai which was established in 1993. It provides 730 non digital connections to the area residents. Almost all mobile phone service providers have installed towers in the area and the bazaar has several mobile selling and repair shops. Postal services are provided through post office. There are no private sector fast delivery services (TCS, OCS, etc) in Ghallanai.

11 Consultants Field Survey and SDO,PTCL information 34

Map 5: Existing Drainage & Street Network

Map 6: Type of Drainage (% of Households)

8.2 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

Drinking water supply systems are scarce in Ghallanai municipal area. The main supply source is four Tube Wells12 located in Mian Mandi13 (one being solar powered14) at a distance of about 9 Km from Ghallanai town. Water from the four Tube Wells is collected at Chanda Booster approximately at a distance of 4 Km. Water from the Chanda Booster is further pumped to Ghallanai Booster located at a distance of further approximately 3 Kms. Water from Ghallanai Booster is then pumped to three destinations: one to a surface reservoir located behind the civil colony, second as direct pumping to the colony and surrounding area and third to a Tankers filling point. A direct HDPE line from the two Tube Wells at Gula Jan Kalay and Mian Mandi to Ghallanai Booster is under construction. Schematic Diagram shown in Figure 15 explains the system flow.

There are two additional Tube Wells, one at Katar Village and one at Ummat Khan Kore, both are not commissioned due to some disputes and no distribution system in the area has been provided. There are five storage tanks with an accumulated storage capacity of 190,000 gallons but two tanks with 20,000 gallon capacity each are not connected and remain dry.

Responses to the question of having a public water supply tap inside the house show minor coverage (less than 7%) as shown in Map 8 over the entire urban area. Predominantly the served area under public water supply is limited to the Civil Colony and its surroundings. There are some private wells (motorized) from where people meet their requirements by collectively contributing to diesel and other expenses. Some collect water from the water tanks in their vicinity while some purchase water from vendors of Tankers (official and non official). Area residents often show dissatisfaction over the non availability of drinking water. Staff of the W&S/ PHE suggested that to meet demands of the people connecting more storage tanks and local distribution networks are needed. However, they also mention that with the present power supply conditions (excessive load shedding. Low voltages), it is not possible. Alternatively, more tube wells, where feasible need to be converted to solar energy so that pumping continuity could be ensured.

Table 14 and 15 give details of the source, length of mains, served area and storage capacity of water storage tanks. The existing water supply network is shown on Map 7.

12 All Public Water Supply systems are constructed, operated and maintained by the Public Health Engineering section of the W&S Department, FATA. The systems at Ghallanai are 30-40 tears old as informed by PHE. 13 Consultants Survey with staff of W&S Department/ SDO Public Health Engineering 14 Converted to Solar power by W&S Department/Public Health Engineering about two years back. 37

Figure 10: Water Supply Main from Chanda Booster Figure 11: Water Supply Main from Mian Mandi

Figure 12: Drums filled from Private Local Well Figure 13: Main from Source at Mian Mandi

Figure 14: Solar Water Supply well at Mian Mandi

Table 14: Existing Water Supply Network15 Sl. Name of Scheme Source Functional/ Non Villages Length of Distribution Pipes No Location Functional Served 1. Mian Mandi @ Tube Well Functional Primary (i) 8.6 Km Main from 2 T/Ws Gula Jan Kalay Supply to the to Ghallanai Booster Station 2. Mian Mandi @ Tube Well Functional Civil Colony and then to Civil Colony Nadir Kore and (ii) About 7.5 Km main from 2 3. Mian Mandi Solar T/W Functional surrounding T/Ws to Chanda Booster 4. Mian Mandi Tube Well Functional area and also direct to Ghallanai Booster 5. Near Katar Tube Well Non Functional N/A N/A- 6. Ummat Khan Tube Well Non Functional N/A N/A Koruna Source: Consultant’s Field Survey Team and staff of PHE/ W&S department

Table 15: Water Storage Points and Capacity16 Sl. Storage Tank Capacity Gallons Source of Supply No 1. Storage Tank at Civil Colony 50,000 Ghalanai Booster 2. Storage Tank at Ghallanai Khaas (Dry/ Not connected) 20,000 N/A 3. Storage Tank at Dawat Kor (Dry/ Not connected) 20,000 N/A 4. Booster Tank in Ghallanai Khaas 50,000 Chanda Booster 5. Tank on Back of Civil Colony 50,000 Ghallanai Booster Note: Primary source for all are the four tube wells in Mian Mandi

15 Consultants Survey with W&S/PHE 16 Consultants Survey with W&S/PHE 39

Figure 15: Schematic Drawing Showing Water System in Ghalanai17

17 Source: Obtained from PHE/W&S records 40

Map 7: Existing Water Supply Network

Map 8: Sources of Drinking Water (% of Households)

8.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

There is no formal system of solid waste disposal in Ghallanai18. Garbage dumps (locally known as Deran) can be seen on the road side in the bazaar area and in open spaces in the villages. Traditional systems of garbage disposal is in practice as the residents collect all garbage from their households and dump it in a designated area called Deran.

The responses to disposal of waste including the disposal of human excreta, households responded as distributed over localities in Map 9. It is clear that liquid waste is discharged into open, unlined drains and the solid waste (including human excreta) is predominantly dumped in the form of heaps (Deran) in the open spaces. The political Administration has employed twenty five (25) sweepers19 who are assigned within the colony to sweep offices, residences, health facilities and educational institutions. There are no formal sweeping arrangements for bazaar or streets in the villages.

Field investigators identified about seven locations where dumps of garbage in the urban areas can be seen. Major Derans or Garbage dumps are marked on Map 10.

Figure 16: Garbage Dump in Village Figure 17: Garbage Dump in Village

18 Consultant’s Survey confirmed by LG&RDD 19 19 Consultant’s Field Surveyors confirmed with Political Administration. 43

Map 9: Human Waste Disposal (% of Households)

Map 10: Existing Solid Waste Dumps

8.4 ELECTRICITY

The electrification system in Ghallanai comprise one Grid Station and one Sub-Station, a 4.193 Km long High Tension Line, 18 number 11 KV Feeder lines totaling 1,456.15 Kilometer long distribution lines and 4,529 distribution transformers. There are 38,809 domestic connections, 1,040 commercial connections, 590 industrial connection and 2,898 Tube Well connections. All this data relates to the entire Halimzai Tehsil. The Consultant’s field surveyors car out several meetings and deliberations with the staff of TESCO in their local office and after searching through the records, the total number of domestic connections within the urban area were estimated at 2,548.

Table 16: Power Data of Ghalanai Grid Sub- Connections 11 KV Distrib. T/F Length Station Station Dom. Comm. Indus. Tube Feeder of Lines Well 1 1 38,809 1,040 590 2,898 18 4,529 1,456.2 2,548* Km *Urban Area domestic connections Source: In charge, TESCO office in Ghalanai

The satisfaction level of residents is very low from the supply of electricity. General complaints are similar to those usually made elsewhere in FATA including excessive load shedding, low voltages, frequent breakdown and absence of electricity sometimes for days in continuation.

Map 11: Existing High Tension Line

8.5PUBLIC LATRINES/PARKS/CULTURAL AND SPORTS FACILITIES:

There are no public latrines20 and the need is emphasized by the locals through the household surveys and group interviews. One children park is available but it needs major improvement and provision of park furniture and facilities. A small zoo is under construction in Ghallanai town. There is a sports stadium with a capacity to seat about 3,000 spectators and sports including cricket, foot ball, volley ball, etc are played normally by youth. The physical situation of the stadium needs major repairs/ rehabilitation works. Social events are normally conducted in the Jirga Hall.

Figure 18: Stadium in Ghalanai Figure 19: Children Park

Figure 20: View of Park in Ghallanai Colony

20 Consultants Survey 49

PART B: STRUCTURE PLAN FOR GHALANAI

9 LOCATION AND LINKAGES

Mohmand agency is geographically sub-divided for administrative convenience into Upper and Lower Mohmand areas. Lower Mohmand area is rather fertile whereas Upper Mohmand area is comparatively less productive. The agency is divided in two sub division and seven tehsils. These are as below:

• Upper Mohmand Sub-Division

o Safi Tehsil o Upper Mohmand Tehsil o Halimzai Tehsil

• Lower Mohmand Sub-Division

o Pindyali tehsil o Ambar tehsil o Yakka Ghund tehsil o Prang Ghar tehsil

Ghalanai lies in Tehsil Halimzai in Upper Mohmand Sub-Division. It is located between 34° 10' to 34° 43' north latitudes and 70° 58' to 71° 42' east longitudes. It is bounded on the north by the Bajaur Agency, on the east by Malakand protected area and Charsadda District, on the south-east by Peshawar district, on the south by Khyber Agency and on the west by Afghanistan. The total area of the agency is 2296 square kilometres.

10 GHALANAI IN REGIONAL CONTEXT

10.1 MOHMAND AGENCY

Mohmand Agency is one of seven Agencies which comprise FATA. According to the Development Statistics of 2011, the population of Mohmand Agency is around 600,000, with a population density of 171 persons per square kilometers. The population as per 1998 Census was 334,453. The annual average growth rate of the population is reported to be 4.28%21.

The Agency is bounded by Bajaur Agency to the north, Khyber Agency to the south, Malakand and Charsadda Districts to the east and Peshawar District to the south-east. It covers an area of 2,297 km2 which is mostly hilly and mountainous with barren slopes and little flat land.

General slope of the area is from north-east with an average height over 1450 meters. Ilazai (2716) is the highest peak near the Pak-Afghan border. Other important peaks

21 Source: Development Brief of Mohmand Agency (2008-2009), Page 4 (Socio-Economic Indicators of Mohmand Agency), Bureau of Statistics (FATA Cell), Planning & Development Department, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar. 51

are Yari Sar (1929 meters) and Silai. The most extensive part of the territory included in Mohmand agency lies in the valley that start from the mountains of Tartarra, south of the Kabul River and Ilazai, north of this River.

The main settlements are in the valleys of Shilman, Gandab, Pindiali and the banks of Kabul River. The Mohmand settlements are generally dry and arid, except raging torrents during heavy rains. Running water is hard to find in most of these valleys except Gandab and Shilman valleys. In the Mohmand hill there are dry ravines between long rows of rocky hills and crags, with scanty grass, scrub wood, and dwarf palm (mizri) leading upto the higher peaks of Ilazai and Tartarra.

The Kabul River and Swat River are the two rivers that pass through the area of the Lower Mohmand. Kabul River forms the boundary between the Khyber and Mohmand agencies before entry into Pakistan territory. The flow of the water is from the west towards the east. On entry into Pakistan territory, the course of the Kabul River is through high mountain gorges till after it passes through the Warsak Dam, where after it starts running through the Peshawar Valley. Swat River flows from the north towards south after entering the Agency limits from the Malakand and passes through the area of Prang Ghar/Pindiali Tehsil. The course of this river is also through mountainous territory till it reaches the Munda Head works wherefrom it starts running through the plains.

The climate in Mohmand agency is hot in summer season while cool in winter. The summer season commences from May and continues for 4 months till 31st August. The winter season starts from November and continue till February. The rainfall is scanty. Most of the rainfall is during winter season. There is insufficient precipitation and minimal inundated area, a variable answerable for the vast demographic developments of the Mohmands to the prolific grounds of Charsadda and Mardan locale to the east.

The agency is inhabited by many tribes, mostly Mohmands and the Clans, Dawizai, Baizai, Khwaizai, Halimzai, Babuzai, Tarakzai, Safi, and Utman Khel. The sources of income are very limited in general except some from agriculture and trade/businesses. Many of the locals are earning their livelihood in foreign countries especially in Gulf States.

Ghalanai is the capital of Mohmand agency and Gandab (Mian Mandi) is the biggest Bazzar. The places of interest in Mohmand Agency are:

• Warsak Dam

Warsak Hydel Power station is situated on the River Kabul about 32 km from Peshawar. The construction of the project was started in 1955 and the power station was commissioned in 1960. Before commissioning of Mangla Power station, it was one of the major sources of power.

• Munda Dam

The construction of the project was started in 1955 and the power station was commissioned in 1960. Before the commissioning of Mangla Dam, it was one of the major sources of power. Munda Dam is being constructed on Swat River to the east of the agency.

• Gandab valley

This historic valley is situated in the Mohmand agency and shoots forth in the north- west direction from Pir Killa, a village on the main Michni-Shabqadar Road, and 32 km to the north of Peshawar. The valley is inhabited by Halimzai section of the Mohmand tribe.

10.2 ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY

Mohmand Agency’s is around 13% of total FATA population and an area of 229,620 hectares (around 10% of the total FATA area). The cultivated area is around 9% and water availability is an issue in most parts of the Agency.

The source of income is very limited for majority, except for agriculture and general trade/business. Many of the locals are earning their livelihood by working in Middle East states. The main source of Livelihood for the inhabitants is Agriculture and Minerals. Following is a brief description about economic productivity of Mohmand Agency:

10.2.1 Trade22

Trading activity is reasonably dominant and around 40-50 truck loads per day cross the border to Afghanistan using two crossings; Yaqubi Kandao and Lwar Ghakhai. The major goods moving from Pakistan to Afghanistan includes timber, poultry, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. and the ones moving to Pakistan includes Electronic goods, fruit, dry fruits, vehicles, vehicle parts, etc. Destinations for imported/smuggled goods are Bajaur, Shabqadar, Peshawar, Charsadda, and Mardan.

10.2.2 Minerals23

There are huge marble reserves in the area, Ziarat Marble mine being known as one of the largest reserve having the best quality of White marble. Other minerals in Mohmand Agency include Manganese and Quartz etc.

In Mohmand Agency huge quantities of Marble are extracted. These deposits have a great variety of colors and fabrics and thus have vast potential in international Market. In order to process the available marble into products compatible in the international market, a Marble City is being set-up in Mohmand Agency in collaboration with Pakistan Stone Development Company Islamabad (PASDEC). An area of 300 Acres has been acquired for Mohmand Marble City (MMC). It is an industrial estate with

22 Source: Mohmand Agency – Pakistan Water Gateway; waterinfo.net.pk/…/Brief Profile 23 Source: Website of FATA Development Authority 53

tremendous investment and growth opportunities for the entrepreneurs through infrastructure availability. The Marble City will be equipped with a dedicated infrastructure, regular power & utilities availability within the same vicinity which will substantially reduce the cost of doing business besides having a continuity of flow in operations.

It is estimated that in addition to other economic benefits, Marble City will generate more than 18,000 direct job opportunities in the area where unemployment is rampant.

10.2.3 Agriculture24

The Agency has some plain lands suitable for agriculture but there is acute shortage of water in the area. The geographical area of the Agency is 2,296,000 hectares, of which cultivated area is 21,000 hectares (0.91% of total area of agency). The major produce is Wheat, Maize, Onions, Fruit Orchards and Vegetables. The Safi tehsil of the Agency is considered as the only tehsil producing surplus wheat that they usually store for future instead of selling in the market. Following is the production of main crops in Mohmand Agency:

• Wheat: 23,940 tons • Maize: 4,200 tons • Vegetables: 10,308 tons • Sugar Cane: 15,357 tons • Fruits: 3,269 tons

10.2.4 Tourism Potential25

Following are some of the important sites that hold good tourism potential in Mohmand Agency:

1. Michni 2. Grave of Haji Torangzai (Ghaziabad) 3. Ghalanai 4. Khawa zai 5. Chamar Kand 6. Yakkaaund 7. Manda Dam

Tourism potential, accessibility, existing infrastructure, availability of utilities and tourism related facilities of the above- mentioned sites are summarized in Table 17 below:

24 Source: Important/Agency/F.R. Wise Socio-Economic Indicators of FATA, 2009, Bureau of Statistics (FATA Cell), Planning & Development Department, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar. 25 Source: Study on Tourism Potential of FATA, FATA Development Authority, January 2009. 54

Table 17: Summary of Tourism Facilities at Potential Sites in Mohmand Agency S.No. Location Touristic Attractions Access Route Accommodation/food/ transport facilities

1 Michni (near Scenic recreation, excursion, 40 km Michni Rest house owned By C& W Warsak dam) Historic significance due to from Peshawar Deptt, Small driver hotels, presence of fort built by Rent-a-car and taxi available British to fight against locals from Mohmand Agency.

2 Grave of Historic and religious 120 km from Ordinary hotels exist, no Haji Torangzai/ Significance; Haji Torangzai Peshawar restaurants or cafes, Rent-a-car Ghaziabad was a local freedom fighter. and taxi available His grave is an attraction for tourists; annual Urs is celebrated every year in April.

3 Ghalanai Agency headquarters; 100 km from Ordinary hotels, restaurants and Government offices are Peshawar cafes available, Rest house in PA present, historic and scenic Colony available, Rent-a-car and importance taxi available 4 Khawazai Scenic and historic 70 km from Hotels of reasonable service, Small Importance; area spread up Peshawar restaurants and cafes exist; Rent-a- to Durand Line; accessible car and taxi available from Ghandab through Darra Khanch; population on both sides of Durand line also makes the area important. 5 Chamar Scenic beauty 35 km from Ordinary hotels exist, Small Kand Peshawar roadside restaurants and cafes exist; Rent-a-car and taxi available

10.3 SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN MOHMAND AGENCY

10.3.1 Number and Hierarchy of Settlements

There are 283 rural settlements in Mohmand. Their populations have been categorized into the following four groups:

• Above 4,000 • 3,000-4,000 • 1,000-2,999 • Below 1,000

Out of the total 283 rural settlements in Mohmand Agency, 67 or around 24% settlements are in Tehsil Upper Mohmand, which is closely followed by Tehsil Ambar Utman Khel which has 64 settlements (about 23%). Least number of settlements is in Tehsil Prang Ghar (less than 6%) and in Tehsil Yake Ghund

(Less than 9%). Tehsil Halim Zai, in which Ghalanai falls, has 35 settlements which are around 12% of the total settlements in Mohmand Agency.

Looking at the distribution with respect to population category sizes, about 61% the rural settlements are in the population group 1,000-2,999, followed by around 28% villages whose population is below 1,000. Together these two categories constitute about 89% of total villages in Khyber Agency. Larger settlements with population above 3,000 are only around 11%.

Focusing on Tehsil Halim Zai in which Ghalanai lies, as already stated, the number of villages in it is 35 of the total settlements (283) in Mohmand Agency. Table 18 provides the detailed statistics while Graph 6.

Population-wise Distribution of Settlements Tehsil Halim Zai Vs. Mohmand Agency

200 172

150

100 80

50 25 30 1 6 2 2

Number of Settlementsof Number 0 Above 4,000 3,000-4,000 1,000-2,999 Below 1,000 Population Category

Tehsil Halim Zai Total Mohmand Agency

Graph 7: Population-wise Distribution of Settlements (Tehsil Halim Zai vs. Mohmand Agency)

Table 18: Number of Settlements in Mohmand Agency26 Population Ambar % Halim % Pindiali % Prang % Safi % Upper % Yake % Total % Categories Utman Zai Tehsil Ghar Tehsil Mohmand Ghund Mohmand Khel Tehsil Tehsil Tehsil Tehsil Agency Tehsil

Above 0 0 1 2.86 0 0.00 1 6.25 2 5.41 1 1.49 1 4.17 6 2.12 4,000

3,000- 0 0 2 5.71 6 15.00 1 6.25 12 32.43 4 5.97 0 0.00 25 8.83 4,000

1,000- 11 17.19 30 85.71 29 72.50 8 50.00 23 62.16 50 74.63 21 87.50 172 60.78 2,999

Below 53 82.81 2 5.71 5 12.50 6 37.50 0 0.00 12 17.91 2 8.33 80 28.27 1,000

Total 64 100 35 100 40 100 16 100.00 37 100 67 100 24 100 283 100

Tehsil % 22.61 12.37 14.13 5.65 13.07 23.67 8.48 100

26 Grouping done by Consultants based on data obtained from FATA Bureau of Statistics

In case of Mohmand Agency, there are 6 settlements whose population is above 4,000 and 24 settlements having population between 3,000 to 4,000. In case of Tehsil Halim Zai, there is only one settlements having current population of above 4,000 (Nahqi Yousaf Khel)and three settlements which have population in the range of 3,000 to 4,000(Ghalanai Khaas, Ghazi Kor and Ahmed Kor). Settlements in Tehsil Halim Zai with population of above 3,000 are as below.

Table 19: Settlements above 3,000 Population in Tehsil Halim Zai S.No. Settlement Population Tehsil 1 Anargai 6007 Upper Mohmand 2 Kas Korona 5191 Yake Ghund 3 Bakaroo Derai 4910 Prang Ghar 4 Aya Kor 4776 Safi Tehsil 5 Nahqi Yousaf Khel 4376 Halim Zai 6 Habibzai 4135 Safi 7 Sikandar Khel 3869 Pindiali 8 Khadi Khel 3860 Safi 9 Ziarat Khazeena 3846 Safi 10 Yakh Dand 3830 Pindiali 11 Perdais Kor 3741 Pindiali 12 Sagi Payan 3735 Safi 13 Ziarat 3675 Upper Mohmand 14 Ghalani Khas 3670 Halim Zai 15 Chinarai Kazian 3657 Safi 16 Khuedad Kor 3597 Pindiali 17 Ghazi Kor 3575 Halim Zai 18 Sagi Bala Mumda Jan Killi 3471 Safi 19 Juhar Kor 3464 Upper Mohmand 20 Qamar Din Khel 3443 Prang Ghar 21 Sapai 3417 Safi 22 Rahmat Kor 3397 Upper Mohmand 23 Ahmed Kor 3280 Halim Zai 24 Chamarkand Farooq Killi 3253 Safi 25 Ashab Dara 3220 Upper Mohmand 26 Kirra 3201 Prang Ghar 27 Junda Killi 3199 Safi 28 Hussain Khan 3110 Safi 29 Ganda Ghar 3041 Safi 30 Ziarat Adamzai Killi 3011 Safi

10.3.2 Emerging Development Corridor in Mohmand Agency

In the context of Mohmand Agency, identification of Development Corridor/s will encourage integrated development within a given space defined by its economic potential rather than by political boundaries, and will have a positive impact on a wider area including Ghalanai.

Development corridors are those which have economic potential but are presently under-utilized, the development of which would be explored through spatial planning and development projects. They are therefore seen as a means of prioritizing and promoting inter-related infrastructure and large-scale investments in defined geographic areas and optimize the use of infrastructure. The identified corridors in Mohmand Agency demonstrate more economic potential through quantifiable qualities such as well-located and relatively more populous settlements, located along or near the main road. The idea is that limited public resources should be focused in areas where they are likely to have the most advantage, rather than being spread so thinly that they have inadequate impact.

Development Corridor along Ghalanai-Bajaur boundary along the main road is proposed because of the following reasons:

• Availability of Flat Land • Ground water is available • Muhammad Ghat can be linked to Afghanistan through Nawapas (road already exists; needs to be upgraded). It is a short route to Afghanistan and can be further linked to Central Asia • Many relatively larger settlements of Mohmand Agency are located along this stretch. • Musa Khel area (north-west of Mohmand Agency) and close to the proposed corridor and is a very scenic area for development as a tourist resort.

The corridor approach represents an understandable and reasonably objective way to prioritize Agency-level infrastructure projects, stimulate investments into productive capacity and achieve economic densification.

Map 12:Emerging Development Corridors

11 GHALANAI BOUNDARIES

11.1 THE NOTIFIED BOUNDARY

According to a notification by Political Agent Mohmand in 2011 (Annex 4), the notified boundary of Ghalanai has been delimited as below:

• Ghalanai including Civil Colony • Mulyano Mandi • Chanda Area • Meel Koroona • Ghazi Kor • Durba Khel • Shani Khel • Khajawas Kor

• Main Mandi Gandhab • Kassi • Shati Kor.

The above mentioned notification provides village-wise population for the year 2011. The total population of the notified area for that year is found to be 27,300.

11.2 THE URBAN BOUNDARY

Urban boundary has been delineated by the consultants based on the fact that substantial agglomeration of settlements and population, civic amenities and Govt offices are located here. Besides, there is adequate vacant land to absorb the additional population within the defined urban boundary. Densification and contiguity to existing urban area is important to curtail unnecessary sprawl and thus higher infrastructure cost. Accordingly, most of the primary surveys such as household/socio-economic, landuse and traffic surveys were conducted here. The character of this area is ‘more urban’ than elsewhere around Ghalanai. However the notified area is larger but has been considered in the landuse strategies. The population of urban area in 2015 has been estimated by the consultants to be 25,723, as described earlier27.

Ghalanai in Tehsil Halim Zai (or even in Mohmand Agency as a whole), is prominent because of being Agency Headquarters and related Govt. offices/establishments are located here; Otherwise Ghalanai (i.e. the village itself along with the Civil Colony) is a small area and has to be seen in larger context.

The Urban Area for Ghalanai was marked with dexterity, and the Consultants considered it appropriate to do so in close coordination with Agency Officials, particularly PA and APA. Special attention was given to village proximity, i.e. those villages which are fairly close to Ghalanai and have strong linkages/dependence over it. Care was taken to draw the boundary in such a way that villages which are close to the potential boundary should not be left out and should become a part of Ghalanay’s urban fabric. These were thus also included in the proposed urban boundary. The settlements/villages which fall in the urban boundary are:

• Wazir Kalay • Zor Kalay • Pagul Kor+ Bazar Ghundai • Aba Khel • Yousaf Khel • Miagan Pagul Khel

27 According to the official notification, the population of notified area in 2011 was 27,300, while the population of urban area for the year 2015 as calculated by the Consultants is 25,723. This is because of the time lag of 4 years (2011 vs. 2015), density variation and boundary difference.

• Adeen Khel • Mill + Damano Kalay • Mateen • Chanda Kalay + Mohajir Korona • Anat Kor + Landain • Katar

The summary of villages/areas falling in notified area and urban area is given in Table 20 below:

Table 20: Settlements falling in Notified and Urban Area Notified Area Urban Area • Ghalanai including Civil Colony • Wazir Kalay • Zor Kalay • Mulyano Mandi • Pagul kor+ Bazar Ghundai • Chanda Area • Aba Khel • Meel Koroona • Miagan Pagul khel • Ghazi Kor • Adeen khel • Durba Khel • Mill + Damano Kalay • Shani Khel • Mateen • Khajawas Kor • Chanda Kalay + Mohajir Korona • Main Mandi Gandhab • Anat kor + Landain • Katar • Kassi • Shati Kor.

Map 13: Urban Boundaries

12 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS

12.1CURRENT POPULATION (2015)

The accuracy of estimating the total number of residents for an urban area remains highly questionable and problematic. Professionals of different fields have tried various means of estimating populations by using standard multipliers and complex formulas for making inferences from historical records. Even differences in the physical size of a settlement, amount of area devoted to housing, the number of stories per house, or even the issue of what constitutes the extent of an urban area remain highly debated issues. These questions continue today with human settlements.

Cities are the living creations of people and societies that are in a constant state of flux as people move into and out of the city. Major population changes occur between seasons, during times of war, or other significant events of the time. This is particularly true for the disturbed urban centres of FATA, including Ghalanai.

The Consultants thus encountered many problems and suffered from limited information from different sources pertaining to Ghalanai’s current population. Because of disturbances in the area and influx of IDPs in Ghalanai, the situation regarding actual population of the Town is fluid. This entailed more spadework, intensive field investigations and primary data collection, so as to assess correct current population.

Ghalanai’s planning area is not just Ghalanai settlement or Agency Headquarter offices or the adjacent Civil Colony, but also suburbs lying outside the municipal area. Unlike urban settlements in settled areas, there are no definite boundaries/maps of Agency Headquarters/urban areas in FATA. Such areas at best are agglomerations/clusters of small settlements along with administrative area/civil colony, and their historic population growth rates/populations as reported in past census data are neither comparable nor reported in a way that can be used to assess current populations or make future estimates.

The Consultants therefore used a number of alternate methods to estimate current population of Ghalanai, which are:

• Population Estimates Using Domestic Electricity Connections • Population Estimates through House Count on GIS Map • Population Estimates through Landuse Map

These are described below:

12.1.1 Population Estimates Using Domestic Electricity Connections

The total number of domestic electricity connections in Ghalanai Urban Area is 2,548. The household size as assessed from household surveys conducted by Consultants is 11. The total population thus works out to be 28,028.

12.1.2 Population Estimates through House Count on GIS Map

Many of the houses are independent or semi-detached units, and therefore can easily be counted on GIS map. However in the inner area, the developments are dense and organic. Housing count in this area was therefore problematic, and could only be conducted through physical survey.

The individual house count on the GIS base map developed from satellite imagery was 1,709. Assuming a margin of error of 20 percent (replicating Khar model in Bajaur Agency), the total housing units in Ghalanai Urban Area would be 2,051. As already stated, the household size in the area is 11. The population thus works out to be 22,559.

12.1.3 Population Estimates through Landuse Map

The residential area as calculated in Section 5.2.2 is 408.67 acres. As the name suggests, it is pre-dominantly residential area but also includes internal streets and lanes, and low-end local level facilities. Allowing 15% for the internal streets etc, the net residential area is around 347 acres or 55,579 marlas28. The average plot size, as calculated through household surveys is 23 marlas, implying that the number of houses is 55,579/23=2,416. Since the household size is 11, the population works out to be 2,416x11=26,581.

12.1.4 Summary of Population Estimates by Different Methods

Table 21 gives a summary statement of population estimates for Ghalanai Urban Area by three different methods. It is clear that estimated population of Ghalanai in 2015 varies from 22,559 using house count on GIS Map to 28,028 using domestic electricity connections. Average of three methods has been calculated to be 25,723. Rounding it to nearest 1,000, the population of Ghalanai Urban Area has been adopted to be 26,000 for the year 2015.

Table 21: Summary of Population Statement by Different Methods S.No. Methodology Based On: Population Estimates (2015) 2 Domestic Electricity Connections 28,028 3 House Count on GIS Map 22,559 4 Landuse Map 26,581

28 1 acre=8 kanals, 1 kanal=20 marlas, 1 marla=272 square feet, 1 acre=160 marlas.

Population Estimates (2015) for Ghalanai Using Different Methods

28,028 26,581 30,000 22,559 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Domestic House Count on Landuse Map Electricity GIS Map Connections

12.1.5 Implication of Military Operation on Population Flux

The militancy and subsequent operation by the security forces against the militants in Mohmand Agency has resulted into exodus of a large number of local populations to other districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The socio- economic setup and life fabrics of the communities disrupted and a number of infrastructures including those of water and sanitation were damaged or rendered unusable due to lack of maintenance. One of the impacts of insurgency was dislocation of 5,500 families from Mohmand Agency29 to different areas.

Out of the 5,500 displaced families, 2,873 returned and rehabilitated without any external support. The IDPs left less secured areas (away from Ghallanai urban area which is comparatively more secure). Those who returned might have settled around Ghallanai and other areas of Mohmmand Agency; thus the overall impact in the Agency as a whole might be a loss in population but not a significant impact on Ghalanai urban area.

12.2 POPULATION FORECASTS (2035)

Population till the year 2035 has been projected for the Ghalanai urban area by extrapolation method, using the following formula:

t Pn=P0 X (1+r/100) Where: Pn=Population of desired year P0 = Population of base year r = Population growth rate t = Time period

29 Source: Rural Development Initiative (RID), WASH Emergency IDP Response, Needs Assessment Mohmand Agency, Draft Report (Section 1 Background), June 15, 2010.

The population of urban area for the year 2015 as seen in previous section is 26,000. Population forecasts were made on the basis of Mohmand Agency growth rate (4.28%)30 on 5-yearly basis till the year 2035. The population for the year 2035 is projected to be 60,117. Table 22 also shows projections on 5-yearly basis.

Table 22: Population Forecasts (2015-2035) Year Average Population 2015 26,000 2020 32,061 2025 39,535 2030 48,752 2035 60,117

Population Forecasts For Ghalanai Urban Area (2015-2035) 70,000

60,000 60,117 50,000 48,752 40,000 39,535 30,000 32,061 20,000 26,000 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Graph 8: Population Forecasts (2015-2035)

12.2.1 Extent of Future Population Growth (2015-2035)

In Table 23 below, population forecasts till the years 2035 on 5-yearly basis are given for the urban area. Also shown is the additional population or extent of growth for the periods 2015-2020, 2020-2025, 2025-2030 and 2030-2035. During this period (i.e. next 20 years) the additional population will be around 34,000. Detailed statistics are shown in Table 23 and illustrated graphically in Graph 8.

30 Source: Development Brief of Mohmand Agency (2008-2009), Page 4 (Socio-Economic Indicators of Mohmand Agency), Bureau of Statistics (FATA Cell), Planning & Development Department, FATA Secretariat, Peshawar.

Table 23: Extent of Population Growth on 5-Yearly Basis Year Population Time Period Population Forecasts Increase 2015 26,000 2015-2020 6,061 2020 32,061 2020-2025 7,474 2025 39,535 2025-2030 9,216 2030 48,752 2030-2035 11,365 2035 60,117 2015-2035 34,117

Population Increase on 5-Yearly Basis (2015-2035)

35,000 34,117 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 6,061 7,474 9,216 11,365 5,000 - 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2015-2035

Graph 9: Population Increase on Five-Yearly Basis

12.2.2 Extent of Future Land Requirements in Urban Area

As seen in Section 5.2, the total urban area is spread over 4,291 acres, of which net built-up area is about 569 acres, while open area is about 3,722 acres. Of the total open area, about 50% i.e. about 1,861 acres is developable. The additional population during the period 2015-2035 has been calculated to be 34,117. Based on the adopted population density of 45 persons per acre, land required for the additional population till the year 2035 has been calculated to be 758 acres. The calculations have been made as given in Table 24.

Table 24: Future Land Requirements Parameters Area31/Population Total Built-up Area32 568.85 Total Vacant Land33 3721.72 Developable Vacant Land34 1860.86 Additional Population (2015-2035)35 34,117 Adopted Population Density (persons per acre) 45 Land required for Additional Population36 758

12.3 LANDUSE ZONING

Future landuse policy for Ghalanai should respect the fact that much of its distinct character lies in its diversity of landuses, and its physical, economic and cultural characteristics. Complete segregation of landuses, particularly in a place like Ghalanai is neither possible nor desirable. However rampant landuse conversions, which impede easy flow of traffic and a non-amenable living environment for the local residents must be controlled. Congestion in inner areas of the Town puts further pressure on the already overburdened infrastructure and public services. Commercial areas are of course part and parcel of any human habitat. Planned commercialization itself is not bad; it is the indiscriminate proliferation which should be controlled.

Landuse profile of an urban area and its relationship of human activities and spatial uses are essential for better urban planning in general and landuse zoning in particular.

Planned and optimal urban expansion can be accomplished by implementing the Structure Plan through zoning regulations and local ordinances for landuse conversions and subdivisions. Zoning is the most widely used form of landuse regulation. Ordinances may include permitted landuses in specific zones the height and size of buildings, lot sizes, permissible density, parking requirements, and other characteristics of development.

31 Area in Acres 32 Ref. Section 5.2.2 of this Report. 33 Ref. Section 5.2.3 of this Report 34 @50% of total vacant land 35 Ref. Previous Section 36 Land required=Additional population/Population Density

The criteria for earmarking the landuse zones in Ghalanai were based on the following characteristics:

• Physical and Urban Characteristics • Predominant landuses • Intensity of development

Considering the parameters mentioned above, the Urban Area of Ghalanai is proposed to be zoned as below:

▪ Zone 1: Civic Zone ▪ Zone 2 (North) Peripheral Localities/Villages ▪ Zone 2 (South) Peripheral Localities/Villages ▪ Zone 3 Mixed Landuse Zone

These are described as below:

12.3.1 Zone 1 – Civic Zone

This Zone includes:

• The Civil Colony • Restricted Area/Mohmand Rifles • Agency Headquarter Hospital • Sports Complex • Government Degree College • Commercial Area • Allied Uses

The characteristics of Zone 1 are:

• It is relatively thickly populated area. • Most of it lies north of Peshawar-Bajaur Road • Ghalanai Bazaar, which is one of the important commercial areas of Mohmand Agency • Road side parking area; in this area, indiscriminate road-side parking of private cars/taxis and unplanned/unauthorized public transport ‘addas’ have substantially reduced the road capacity, which impede efficient flow of traffic. Thus it is important to identify parking areas at appropriate locations. • As mentioned above, many public institutions, offices and community facilities are located in this zone.

12.3.2 Zone 2 & 3 - Peripheral Localities/Villages

Most of the peripheral villages and clusters are situated towards western and eastern wings of the urban area, and include established villages, some of which are Ghalanai Khaas, which is the proper Ghalanai settlement itself,

Phagul Koruna, Mulyan Mandi, Haji Muzaffar Kile, Khaista Gul Kor, Qaldara, and Dawat Koroona etc.

The vacant areas in between these villages can accommodate substantial segment of projected population, in form of densification.

12.3.3 Zone 4 – Proposed Mixed Landuse Zone

This Zone is proposed on both sides of Peshawar-Bajaur Road, from Zone 1 till the boundary of urban area. Road is a big impetuous for development. At present most area in this zone is lying vacant, but in the years to come, this zone is bound to develop being adjacent to the main road. It is therefore important that to avoid mushroom/organic growth in form of ribbon development, pre-emptive measure may be taken in form of guided development and forward planning, so that future growth and development takes place in an organized and planned manner. It may include commercial, residential, institutional and recreational uses.

12.4 ENFORCEMENT OF LANDUSE ZONING

There is a strong need to protect and enhance the quality of Ghalanai’s built environment. To accomplish this, zonal boundaries have been clearly marked to delineate different zones based on their present and anticipated landuse characteristics. The purpose is to control and direct the use and development of properties in each zone; ensure landuse compatibility, ascertain minimum standards of health & safety and provide land for public goods and services.

Distribution of planning area into different zones is attempted to regulate and promote a systematic relationship and interaction between various land uses/activities in respect of their approach and accessibility. Non-conforming uses developed either lawfully or unlawfully have to be discouraged with the aim of their gradual elimination from different areas. The zoning regulations proposed herein are a broader spectrum towards existing and future developments and are kept flexible in giving permission to auxiliary activities in different zones.

Stringent building control in areas like Ghalanai, at current level of socio- economic development is neither desirable nor possible. In fact, strict control may hinder the developmental activities. Nevertheless, there have to be some guiding principles to rationalize and reasonably exercise planning control in different zones.

It is therefore imperative that effective municipal institutions should be in place, and proper land use planning and zoning practices be developed along with supporting legislation in order to streamline urban growth.

This also calls for qualified staff including urban planners to be recruited for municipal body, and initiate trainings to economize land consumption, and allocate land to its proper uses.

To enforce proposed zoning, the following landuse regulations may be considered. These are based on landuses permitted/permitted on appeal in different planning zones as proposed in Table 25 below. Permitted landuses are those, which the proposed Municipal Committee may allow in a particular zone. Landuses that can be ‘permitted on appeal’ should be carefully scrutinized by the municipal committee and decided on case-to-case basis. Uses not specifically provided in a particular zone are prohibited and should not be permitted.

Table 25: Landuses Permitted/Permitted on Appeal in Different Zones Zone Uses Permitted Uses Permitted on Appeal Zone-1: Civic Zone Wholesale/retail commercial markets and Petrol and gas filling stations establishments. Restaurants/Hotels. Business and professional offices Transportation Terminals Recreational Uses Public utilities and buildings Approved parking provisions. Zone-2 and 3: Urban Houses, Mosques Commercial Offices and Residential Primary/High Schools Service Shops of Local Area/Peripheral Clinics/Dispensaries Character Localities. Social/Cultural Institutions Non-commercial poultry Local Shopping & Recreational Uses Taxi/rickshaw stand. Vegetable gardens and nurseries. Restaurants, Graveyards Incidental ancillary uses which must be free from nuisance and hazard. Zone 4: Mixed Residential areas, Shops and commercial Petrol filling stations, Landuse Zone along centres, educational institutions, Hospitals, main transport Ghalanai-Bajaur Road recreational places, parks and open terminals, storage facilities. spaces, public and religious buildings Playgrounds and related uses, Taxi and rickshaw stands/car parking, Public utilities and municipal facilities.

Map 14: Landuse Zones

12.5 STRUCTURE PLANNING SCENARIOS

12.5.1 General

How will Ghalanai be in next twenty years? Are the Political Agency, Line Departments, other local municipal entities and FATA Secretariat equipped to operate successfully in future? How will Ghalanai be affected by environmental degradation? Reduced resources? Increased population? Strategic Plan attempts to address some of these concerns.

Structure Plan is a flexible plan or road map of sector strategies, subtly integrated, and derived from analysis of surveys, investigations and consultations with different stakeholders. It is likely to steer Ghalanai in a focused direction.

Broadly, goals of a long-term development scenario are to address the major challenges facing Ghalanai. The settlements within the proposed planning boundary of Ghalanai should maintain their character and vitality. However the growth opportunities should be supported throughout the Mohmand Agency, and not just in the urban area.

Ghalanai itself is a small village, a couple of kilometers away from the Colony Area which mainly comprises of the Government offices and ancillary uses, adjacent to the ‘restricted area’ where headquarters of Mohmand Rifles are located. Ghalanai also has a bazaar area and some other villages nearby.

For the future urban growth, the most optimum growth direction/s needs to be identified. In which directions urban expansion should be encouraged and why? The Sections below attempt to react to these questions. Subsequently, landuses proposals will be based on this analysis.

12.5.2 Scenario A: laissez–faire Strategy

In the context of Ghalanai, this Strategy implies ‘Do Nothing’ or ‘Let the things happen as they are’. It is a doctrine opposing governmental interference in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary for the maintenance of peace and property rights. It is a practice characterized by a deliberate abstention from direction or interference. It lets people do as they choose.

According to historical legend, the phrase stems from a meeting in about 1681 between the powerful French finance minister and a group of French businessmen. When the minister asked how the French Government could be of service to the merchants and help promote their commerce, the businessmen replied simply "Laissez-nous faire" ("Let us be," literally "Let us do").

Laissez-faire is conceived as a natural system unhindered by the restrictions of government. One of the fundamentals of laissez-faire is that the physical order of nature is a harmonious and self-regulating.

For Ghalanai, this means that let the settlement grow in natural and indigenous way, without any interference by planners and administrators.

But this strategy has problems. In Ghalanai, by letting the things happen as they are, introduction of landuses in an indiscriminate and careless way may result in haphazard urban development. Thus laissez-faire approach may result in uncontrolled development of Ghalanai due to lack of planning and zoning regulations.

Although Government can restrict future urban expansion of Ghalanai by restricting the public sector investment within the notified municipal area (as per notification of 2011), but the developments that take place within the notified urban area can be disorganized without proper planning and zoning regulations (and their implementation). At the same time, there is a need to look for another core or extended arm of Ghalanai in the region for a more suitable or better location for new Headquarters of Mohmand Agency, to decentralize Ghalanai and at least partially shift some of the Government offices to the new location.

12.5.3 Scenario B: Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis

While the present administrative center is contained within a small area surrounded by hills, one of the possibilities for future expansion is towards north-west of Ghalanai Urban Area, in the corridor bounded by Sra Ghundai – Shani Khel Road in the south and the Khwar towards north. The existing settlements in this corridor include Ghazi Koruna, Durban Khel, Zafar Kile, and Shani Khel. The area is contiguous to Ghalanai urban area and has a high school and a number of primary schools. A mettaled Road forms its southern boundary, and there is substantial relatively flat/undulating land in the area and has the capacity to absorb some of future population. A part of the future population will of course get absorbed in and around Ghalanai urbanised area where vacant land is available, and also be accommodated though densification/in-fill development in the nearby villages.

12.5.4 Scenario C: Yousaf Khel Option

One of the growth options could be moving the administrative headquarters of Mohmand Agency to Yousaf Khel, some 15 km from Ghalanai, which is the present headquarters. The arguments for this are better water resources in Yousaf Khel and its more central position in Mohmand Agency. Yousaf Khel comprises of two valleys, separated by a ridge. To connect them, a tunnel is

already under construction. There are large tracts of relatively flat land in both parts of Yousaf Khel Valley, have pleasing landscape, and with the completion of tunnel, it will be hardly 10 to 15 minutes of drive between Ghalanai and Yousaf Khel. As already stated, ground water is available. The location has also the potential to be developed as a tourist resort and preparation of a detailed Master Landuse Plan for it may be considered.

However this option needs detailed feasibility study and will only be possible if the concerned Government decision-makers (and other stakeholders) agree to it, and provide requisite finances to fund the move.

Map 15: Landuse Strategies

12.5.5 Preferred Scenario

The above scenarios have been assessed on the basis of various considerations such as in the Table below:

Table 26: Comparison of Growth Scenarios S. Parameters Scenarios No Laissez-faire Sra Ghundai- Yousaf Khel . Strategy Shani Khel Axis Option 1 Availability of Water in Ghalanai Like Ghalanai, water There is greater Water is scarce in this corridor is potential for also scarce availability of water in Yousaf Khel area. 2 Future Land is available to Land is available to Yousaf Khel is an Expansion absorb a part of absorb a part of open valley with future population. future population. more than adequate land to absorb entire future population. 3 Contiguity to Not Applicable The area is Yousaf Khel is about Existing contiguous to 15 Kms from Agency Ghalanai, and thus Ghalanai, and Headquarter will be a focusing on it will continuation of result in leap-frog existing urban area. development. Location Ghalanai is located It is close to Yousaf Khel has a in southern corner Ghalanai and thus more central of Mohmand does not have a location, not only for Agency. central location in Tehsil Halim Zai, but Mohmand Agency. for the entire Agency, and hence is more accessible.

In view of the above comparison, ‘Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis’ is more appropriate strategy than Laissez-faire Strategy or Yousaf Khel option. It is a duel-core strategy, in which Ghalanai would retain its present character, the land is available for densification, the area is close to Ghalanai, and thus will be a continuation of existing urban core.

12.6 PROPOSED LANDUSES IN ‘SRA GHUNDAI-SHANI KHEL’ AXIS

Based on stakeholder’s consultations, the most sought after urban facilities in Ghalanai include gymnasium, park, play ground, transport terminal, public toilets, and slaughter house. Most of these are proposed to be located in the proposed Sra Ghundai-Shani Khel Axis. The first three i.e. gymnasium, park, and

play ground can be grouped together into a ‘Recreational Complex’. The bus terminal and taxi stand may be provided along main road near Ghalanai Bazaar in the direction of ‘Sra Ghundai’. However public toilets should be located at appropriate locations so that the visitors to bazaar area and Agency offices have easy access to these. The slaughter house should be further away such as in Shani Khel area, but away from residential areas. The proposed space standards are as below:

Table 27: Space Standards for Proposed Landuses S. Landuses Area %age NO. (Kanals) 1 Recreational Complex (gym, park, 50 32.47 playground) 2. Transport Terminal 20 12.99

3 Jamia Mosque 4 2.60

4. Slaughter House 5 3.24

5. Miscellaneous/Reserved Area 75 48.70

6. Total 154 100.00

Land requirements for Housing have already been discussed in Section 12.2.2.

13 INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

13.1 TRANSPORTATION

13.1.1 Roads

Road from Yakka Ghund to Mohmmad Gat, 64 Km in length (17 Km stretch between Ghallanai and the Tunnel at Yousaf Khel falls within the proposed planning area) is being reconstructed to highway standards by FWO using donor funds and the stretch is substantially complete. A network of paved roads in good condition measuring about 10 Km (including 4.5 Km of the main under construction road) and 8.5 Km of tracks, katcha roads generally passing through dry Khwar beds are connecting Ghallanai to the surrounding population. Daily traffic count37 at the entrance to Ghallanai for one day was taken revealing a traffic load of over 3,000 vehicles passing Ghallanai each day. These vehicles include passenger vehicles including cars, Suzuki vans, Hi-Ace and goods transportation including light and heavy trucks. General condition of the paved roads is good and no major works are needed except routine timely maintenance.

Paved roads connecting Ghalanai to the nearby villages are scarce and majority of the adjoining villages are connected by katcha tracks often driving through the bed of dry Khawars. Immediate improvements in the internal road network mainly comprising converting kacha tracks to all weather paved roads are recommended in Map 17.

37 Consultant’s Team conducted a 12 hour Traffic Count on entrance to Ghallanay on 12 March, 2013.

Map 16: Proposed Road Projects

13.1.2 Bus Terminal/ Adda

A formal and organized transport terminal does not exist in Ghalanai, however in order to cater to local passenger and goods transport linking Ghalanai to Yaka Ghund and Peshawar on one side and Ghalanai to Bajaur Agency on the other side as well as the surrounding nearby villages, a Taxi Stand and a HI-Ace/ Wagon adda exists in the Bazar. These two stands serve incoming and outgoing vehicles to and from Ghalanai. Plying vehicles for transportation of passengers and goods vary in shape, size and nature from small Suzuki cars, Datsun pickups, Hi-Ace to medium and heavy trucks. An estimated daily load38 of 250 light vehicles enter with passengers into Ghalanai from Peshawar, Bajaur and the nearby villages whereas 410 passenger vehicles leave Ghalanai for the same destinations. Goods transported to Ghalanai on a daily basis are mainly from Peshawar through 125 numbers of light and heavy trucks. Similarly 110 light/ heavy trucks leave Ghalanai for Shabqadar and onwards with goods mainly marble.

It is proposed that an exclusive Terminal/ Adda for passenger and goods transport shall be constructed in open area preferably in front of the Political Agent compound to reduce congestion and traffic jams in the bazaar area.

13.2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY

Drinking water supply systems are scarce in Ghalanai municipal area. The main supply source is four Tube Wells located in Mian Mandi at a distance of about 9 Km from Ghalanai town. Water from these four Tube Wells is transported to Chanda Booster approximately at a distance of 4 Km and onwards to Ghalanai Booster station located at a distance of further approximately 3 Kms. Water from Ghalanai Booster is pumped to three destinations:

• To a surface reservoir located behind the civil colony • As direct pumping to the colony and surrounding area • To a Tanker filling point from where tankers are filled and these are used to supply water to uncovered areas.

Predominantly the served area under public water supply is limited to the Civil Colony and some adjacent population. Most of the urban area does not have any or proper distribution network. There are also a couple of disputed tube wells which are non- functional and thus not contributing to the network. There is a need to carry out a detailed study / Master Planning of the existing water supply system in Ghallanay. The study would map the existing network, assess

38 Data obtained from records of the President of Transporters in Ghalanai.

population needs, aquifer potential, future requirements and an integrated and complete water supply delivery plan shall be developed. Also, the option and feasibility of dams and the possibility of bulk water supply to Ghalanai with gravity flow shall be explored. Improvements of emerging nature in the existing water supply system at Ghalanai are shown in Map 18.

Map 17: Proposed Improvements in Water Supply

13.2.1 Quantity of Water Supplied

Present water supply comes from the four tube wells. These Tube Wells supply on the average about 85,000 gallons39 of water per day to the area residents. The current population of Ghalanai urban area is estimated as 25,723 persons. At the minimum standard of potable water supply40 (7 gallons per capita per person), the supplied water would cater to the entire population at an average of 3 gallons per person per day. However, since a very limited population has been connected to the public water supply (the colony residents and some adjacent population in the vicinity with an estimated served population close to 5,000 persons), hence theoretically the served population has access to around 17 gallons per capita per person which is still much above the minimum standards. It may also suggest that there is inefficient utilization of the supplied water in the form of leakages and wastage through damaged and old lines, storage tanks and misuse of water/ wastage at the tankers filling point.

13.2.2 Quality of Water Supplied

Five drinking water samples were collected from Mian Mandi Solar Tube well, Ghallanai Booster Tank, Ghallanai Storage Tank, Mian Mandi Wajid Tube Well and Chanda Booster station. These were tested from the Environmental Laboratory of the University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar for physical and chemical testing. Additional water sample from Ghalanai Booster station was tested for bacteriological testing and 0/100 of total Coli form was found. Reported test results are within permissible limits as prescribed by the WHO. The test results are included in Annexure 5.

13.2.3 Drinking Water Needs

The estimated 2035 population of the planned municipal area would approximately be 59,476 persons. Drinking water requirements at an average of minimum 7 gallons per capita per day requires supply of at least 416,332 gallons per day. Additional water requirements are thus 331,332 gallons per day. If the number of additional tube wells having capacity of 10,000 gallons per hour and 6 hours daily operation is considered, supply of the additional water would require 6 new tube wells to be drilled in a phased manner up to 2035. In case additional

39 3 Electric Tube wells @ each 3,000 gallons per hour operating for 6 hours plus one Solar @ 3,000 gallons operating for 10 hours would yield approximately 85,000 gallons. Information confirmed with PHE staff. 40 National Drinking Water Policy, Pakistan: Rural Areas: Minimum 20 liters (5 gallons) per capita per day: Urban Areas: Minimum 40 liters (10 gallons) per capita per day. FATA on the verge of rural to urban transformation, the requirement may be estimated at a minimum of 7 gallons per capita per day.

larger municipal area as notified and as proposed for future growth is to be served, more water sources will have to be explored.

13.3 STREETS/DRAINS AND SANITATION:

Majority of the streets and drains in the villages are unpaved as close to 2 Km of internal streets are paved (that too within the colony area) whereas about 10 Km are unpaved, mostly in the villages. Hence, major street pavement in the area is needed. The lengths of drains are estimated about 4 Km along the main road and some internal streets of which about 3 Km are lined and about 1 Km katcha. Generally, if the streets are paved, the drains are also lined. In kacha streets there is no provision of drains and along the many roads, storm water flows to either side of the road and no formal drains exist. The streets within the villages are of varying dimensions and some may allow vehicular traffic while most will be used by pedestrians. Hence, a detailed mapping would be required to decide about the type of pavement A detailed study of streets and drains in the entire area needs to be conducted and a program to pave katcha streets, clean choked drains and line the drains providing adequate section and slope to improve sanitation conditions within the urban areas..

Map 19 indicates needed improvements to the streets and drains.

Map 18: Proposed Drainage & Street Projects

13.4 TELEPHONE/ POSTAL SERVICES

Pakistan Telecommunication (PTCL) and mobile phone services are available to the majority. There is a PTCL telephone exchange in Ghalanai which was established in 1993. It provides 730 non-digital connections to the area residents. Almost all mobile phone service providers have installed towers in the area. Postal services are provided through post office. It is suggested that the telephone exchange may be digitized creating more capacity for new connections. The private sector service provision entities will grow businesses along the road side and in the bazaar with time.

13.5 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

There is no underground or covered sewerage in the municipal area. Households do not have a proper human waste disposal system, defecate in house and throw it on garbage heaps/open areas or let it flow outside the house. More than 41% households are not satisfied with the prevailing system. The main reasons cited for dissatisfaction is non-availability or inadequacy of latrines in their homes (51%). About 29% complained of lack of water for waste disposal, and about 16% said that they did not have flush latrines. However, in the shorter term, the drains which carry human excreta need to be efficient and cleaned properly to resolve the sanitation issues somewhat. In the long term, measures to construct flush latrines and underground sewer lines and safe disposal of the materials shall be considered. By 2035, the potable water supply demand would reach approximately 0.4 million gallons a day and taking 70% of the available water as waste water, approximately 0.3 million gallons of waste water would need to be drained. Thus adequate drainage system would be needed.

13.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

There is no formal system of solid waste disposal in Ghalanai. Garbage dumps (locally known as Deran) can be seen on the road side in the bazaar area and in open spaces in the villages. Traditional systems of garbage disposal is in practice as the residents collect all garbage from their households and dump it in a designated area called Deran. Several dumps in the town have been identified in the study and discussed in the ‘Existing Situation Report’. Solid waste generation by 2035 would reach approximately 15 tons per day41. In the long term, the municipality needs to launch awareness campaigns along with measures to collect and transport the waste/garbage to safe disposal through an integrated system of collection, transportation, recycling and safe disposal .

41 0.25 Kg per capita per day: borrowed from elsewhere in FATA so, population of 59,476 would yield 14.87 tons per capita per day.

13.7 POWER SUPPLY42

The electrification system in Ghalanai comprise one Grid Station and one Sub- Station, a 4.193 Km long High Tension Line, 18 number 11 KV Feeder lines totaling 1,456.15 Kilometer long distribution lines and 4,529 distribution transformers. There are 38,809 domestic connections, 1,040 commercial connections, 590 industrial connection and 2,898 Tube Well connections. The system covers a whole sub division in Mohmmand Agency comprising Halimzai, Safi, Khwezai, Bezai and half of Yakaghund tehsil. The satisfaction level of residents is very low from the supply of electricity. General complaints are similar to those usually made elsewhere in FATA including excessive load shedding, low voltages, frequent breakdown and absence of electricity sometimes for days in continuation. Following immediate steps43 are necessary;

• Up gradation of the Grid Station • Metering of all connections

13.8 SPORTS AND RECREATION

There are no open spaces and the need for these is emphasized by the locals through the household surveys and group interviews. One children park is available but it needs major improvement and provision of park furniture and facilities. A small zoo is under construction in Ghalanai town. There is a sports stadium with a seating capacity of 3,000. Sports including cricket, foot ball, volley ball, etc are normally played by youth. The physical condition of the stadium needs major repairs/ rehabilitation works. Social events are normally conducted in the Jirga Hall.

13.9 LONG TERM PROJECTS

Keeping in view the future development of the area, some needed interventions are indicated for each sector as the long term investment plans. These are as below:

• Roads o Paved Link all weather roads connecting Ghallanai to most of the surrounding villages. • Water Supply o Feasibility to explore possibility of storage dams and uplift water systems to be launched.

42 The figures given in this section are for Mohmand Agency as a whole. In urban area, the number of domestic power connections is 2,548, as given in Section 12.1.1. 43 Recommendations of TESCO local staff

o Potential of ground water aquifer within or the periphery of the planned area to be determined to cater to Ghallanay.

• Streets/ Drains and Sanitation o All streets within the urban area shall be paved lined drains shall be provided.

• Solid Waste Management

o An integrated Solid waste Management System including collection, transportation, transfer stations, recycling, landfill, etc shall be established for the town. o Extensive education and awareness campaigns on personal and house hold hygiene through development and implementation of strategies for Behavior Change Communication and Hygiene Promotion shall be undertaken through community development projects. • Others: o Recreational facilities like Parks, Sports Grounds, and Community meeting hall shall be provided. o A modern Slaughter house within healthy environment need to be provided within the Municipal area. o Public toilets in the bazaar area, with parks and other public spaces shall be provided and maintained in clean and hygienic conditions. o Parking spaces for public and private vehicles shall be provided.

13.10 SHORT TERM PROJECTS (IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN)

The Immediate Action Plan identifies projects which have been finalized on the basis of field surveys, group interviews and discussions with different stakeholders including the line departments of the Agency. These projects/schemes need to be taken up urgently and executed in the next 3-5 years. The Action Plan sets-out measures to be taken over a 5-year period, detailing actions required on yearly basis. Actions have been phased over time and include sufficient time for feasibility, detailed planning & design process, political approval and securing investment and operating budgets. The plan can have major political, institutional, technical and financial implications, all of which will have to be addressed clearly and effectively if it is to be agreed, adopted and implemented. The Projects identified under the Immediate Action Plan are as below:

• Roads:

o Link Road connecting Sialago Banda, Dawat Koroona, Kaddi No. 7 and Kaddi No. 4 villages and Yar Jan Kalay to be constructed as all weather paved roads. • Water Supply: o Feasibility studies to map existing water supply network, requirements, aquifer potential, new ground water sources and the possibility of a greater water supply/ gravity flow options for Ghalanai shall be carried out. o New tube wells with pressure pumps at various identified localities are needed to serve residents. o Three 50 HP pumps at Chanda Booster Station to be replaced. o Two 40HP each pumps to be replaced at Ghalanai Booster station. o Existing tube Well at Yar Rahim , if feasible need to be converted to solar power. o Provision of 4 inch dia, 7 Km long HDP line from Mian Mandi to Ghalanai Khaas. o Rehabilitation of distribution system at Civil Hospital. o 30,000 ft pipe required for distribution network at Ghalanai Khaas, Dawat Koroona and other identified locations. • Streets/ Drains and Sanitation: o An estimated 10 Km of streets need to be paved along with lined drains. • Solid Waste Management: o Present Garbage dumps to be protected/ contained and managed.

14 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Present administrative set up, infrastructure provision, operation and maintenance responsibilities of various line departments, proposed Municipal Committee and an implementation structure proposed for the structure plan are discussed in detail in Annexure 6.

The LGO 2012 for FATA included elaborate section on Municipal Committees in all agencies but since the LGO 2012 could not be implemented so far due to several reasons, therefore a formal municipal committee does not exist at present in Ghalanai. The Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa approved the establishment of Municipal Committees in the fourteen urban hubs identified by TARUCCI and a notification by FATA Secretariat was issued in November 2010 (Notification copy included in Annexure 6).

The functions of a Municipal Committee in respect of municipal planning, management and service delivery as contained in LGO 2012 and described in the

Notification require the establishment of the Municipal Committee and assigning of appropriate staff ( Municipal Officer, Engineers, Town Planner, Water supply and sanitation as well as Solid Waste Management systems and resources) as the first step. Future developments and improvement in service delivery within the municipality will only be possible if an integrated, holistic approach by an entity with ownership is established. Otherwise, investments will have to be made through the existing line department’s portfolio and the operation/ maintenance responsibilities will suffer since the line departments already have meager resources for subsequent operation and maintenance of facilities. Thus it is essential that the structure for a Municipal Committee is put in place as early as possible. In the absence of an MC, the annexure… presents some possible options for implementation of the structure plan, immediate and long term action plans.

15 REVENUE GENERATION

Chapter IX of FATA Local Government Regulations, 2012 is about Local Council Taxation. Salient features this Chapter are as below:

i. On commencement of the above regulations, every town shall be a rating area. ii. The Municipal Committee shall determine the rate of property tax in its area; Provided that in the areas within a town where rate has not been determined, the areas shall be deemed to be exempted from property tax till determination of the rate. iii. A Local Council subject to the provisions of any other law may, and if directed by the Governor shall, levy all or any of the taxes, cesses, fees, rates, rents, tolls, charge, surcharges and levies specified in the Second Schedule. iv. The Governor may cause Model Tax Schedules to be framed and when such Schedules have been framed a Local Council shall be guided by them in levying a tax, rate, toll or fee. v. Failure to pay any tax and other money claimable under this Regulation shall be an offence. vi. The Governor may empower any Local Council to recover arrears of taxes or any other moneys claimable by the Local Council under this Regulation by distress and sale of the movable property belonging to the person concerned or by attachment and sale of the immovable property belonging to him. vii. A Local Council may by notification, call upon any person to furnish such information, produce such record or accounts or to present such goods or animals liable to any tax as may be necessary for the purpose of determining the liability of such person, goods or animals to a tax.

viii. If a Local Council levies a tax on professions, trades or callings, it may require the employer of the person liable to such tax to deduct the tax from the salary or wages payable to such person, and on such requisition the amount of the tax due shall be deducted from the salary or wages of the persons concerned and credited to the Local Fund of the Council. ix. All taxes and other charges levied by a Local Council shall be imposed, assessed, leased, compounded, administered and regulated in such manner as may be provided by rules. x. Rules framed under this article may, among other matters, provide for the obligation of the tax payer and the duties and powers of the officials and other agencies responsible for the assessment and collection of taxes.

ANNEXURES

Annexure 1: Projected Population of Individual Villages & Urban Units of Mohmand Agency in 2014-15

Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE *MOHMAND AGENCY 481564 252556 229008 *AMBAR UTMAN KHEL TEHSIL 44244 22816 21428 *AMBAR UTMAN KHEL TRIBE 44244 22816 21428 *MESAR KOR SECTION 966 448 518 MALIK WAZIR KILLI 966 448 518 *MUHAMMAD KOR SECTION 11826 6330 5496 ALAI SHAH EAST 714 384 330 ALAI SHAH SOUTH 942 514 428 DARO 370 197 173 EZAT KHAN KILLI 707 366 341 GHATUL KILLI 707 389 318 GHUNDAI 658 370 288 LUE SHAH NO.1 789 415 374 LUE SHAH NO.2 868 459 409 LUE SHAH NO.3 320 171 148 LUE SHAH NO.4 403 197 206 LUE SHAH NO.5 534 298 236 MALIK DAD MIR NO.1 271 138 132 MALIK DAD MIR NO.2 312 173 140 SANGAR 652 317 335 SANGAR LANDAI 792 459 333 SAPRAI 452 239 213 SARA SHAH 1202 654 549 SHAHJI KILLI 1132 589 543 *UMAR KHEL SECTION 31452 16039 15414 AJDARA 864 432 432 ALAI 1235 636 599 ALAI & SORDAGAI NO.1 618 297 321 ALAI NO.2 618 354 263 BAMDARA 1021 494 527 BAMDARA 448 227 220 BASOOR KOR 1205 600 605 BAT MINA 573 255 318 BAT MINA SOUTH PART 429 194 235 BAT MINA WEST PART 572 295 276 CHARGULAI 419 233 186

Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE CHARGULAI SOUTH PART 572 255 317 CHARGULAI WEST PART 788 382 406 DAB KILLI NORTH PART 1086 616 469 DABAGAI NO.1 596 287 310 DABAGAI NO.2 541 275 266 DANOO NAWAR 1368 717 651 HAD NO.1 279 138 141 HAD NO.2 494 265 229 JOHAR KILLI NO.2 536 282 253 JUHAR 1048 505 543 JUMA KHAN MIAN KHEL 361 200 161 KAJERA 1823 943 880 KAMANGARA 854 465 389 KAMANGARA NO.2 514 271 243 KHAR KANAI 563 272 291 KHUGA 886 464 422 KOTKAI 533 278 255 MANIAI 249 111 138 MANZAI EAST PART 243 144 99 MIAN MUHAMMAD KHAN KILLI 225 107 118 MUHQAM KHAN KILLI 1438 733 706 NARAI KAMBAR 677 383 294 PAI KHAN 618 330 288 PAM POKHA 220 112 108 PAM POKHA NORTH 366 179 187 PAMPOKHA 599 301 298 RAMBAT 782 363 419 SAHAB KHAN KILLI 1567 796 770 SAHIL KOR 579 291 288 SERAI 318 164 154 SHANO KOR NORTH 811 399 412 SHANO KOR SOUTH WET 638 327 311 SHAWRAI 651 354 297 ZAWANI MINA 631 312 318 *HALIM ZAI TEHSIL 69715 36433 33282 *HALIM ZAI TRIBE 48054 25313 22741 *BAR KACHI KHEL SECTION 7261 3711 3551

Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE KASAI 2890 1535 1355 KHAWAJA USKOR 1692 890 802 WACHA JAWARA 2680 1286 1394 *BARO KHEL SECTION 4105 2161 1944 NUSRAT KOR 2226 1179 1047 SABZ ALI 1879 982 897 *BIBI/HAMZA KHEL SECTION 4140 2153 1987 CHARAGHAN 1680 883 798 MALIK GHANI 2459 1270 1189 *DURBA KHEL/SULTAN KHEL SECTION 12538 6436 6102 GHAZI KOR 3575 1811 1764 HARAM CHINA 1323 662 661 KAMAL KOR 2158 1163 995 MALIK ABDUL MANAN 1754 894 860 NASA PAI 1309 646 662 SHANI KHEL 2419 1258 1161 *KUZKADI KHEL SECTION 16276 8898 7378 GHALANI COLONY 2250 1592 658 GHALANI KHAS 3670 1947 1724 HAJI UMAR SAID 1329 688 641 KATA SAR 2104 1041 1063 RAMI KHEL 1238 652 586 TANA 1385 716 670 WAHEED SHEIKH 1667 911 756 YOUSAF KHEL KATA SAR 1064 517 547 ZAMAN KHAN 1568 834 734 *SHATI KHEL SECTION 3734 1954 1780 MALOOK KOR 2255 1182 1073 NAVAI KILI 1479 772 707 *KAMALI HALIM ZAI TRIBE 21661 11120 10541 *ATO KHEL SECTION 5941 3018 2923 AHINGARAN 1395 720 675 ALAM BEG 1905 973 932 SAMAD KOR 2641 1325 1316 *BASHA KHEL SECTION 4550 2274 2276 ABDUL MATEEN 981 521 459 ALI HASSAN 1482 720 762

Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE ISLAMUDIN MALIK 900 439 461 ZAMAN (ATO KHEL) 1188 593 595 *SHAH BEG SECTION 1941 994 947 DAIM KOR 1941 994 947 *YOUSAF KHEL SECTION 9229 4835 4394 GHAZI BEG 2920 1551 1369 KAKI KOR 1934 950 983 NAHQI YOUSAF KHEL 4376 2334 2042 *PINDIALI TEHSIL 73830 38824 35006 *BURHAN KHEL TRIBE 21382 11209 10173 *HASANI KOR SECTION 9240 4907 4333 AHMED KOR 3280 1711 1569 BERA MIANA 2547 1398 1149 CHAPPAR KILLI 1523 788 736 GULDIN KILLI 651 356 295 HASSANI KOR 1238 655 583 *HAYATI KOR SECTION 9467 4858 4609 AKBAR KHAN 595 317 278 DARYAB KORONA 1821 884 937 GHULABA KHAN KILLI - - - HAJI FAZLI KALAI 1397 753 644 HAYATI KOR 2068 1070 998 ISMAIL SHER KILLI 1865 934 930 KOHI BURHAN KHEL 1722 900 822 *KRAPAWAL SECTION 2675 1444 1231 AMIR KHAN KILLI 1456 779 677 KRAPA NO.2 1220 665 554 *DEVEZAI TRIBE 22230 11650 10580 *BABAZAI SECTION 12773 6397 6376 AYUPI KOR 2405 1264 1140 FAQIR KOR 1333 684 649 KHUEDAD KOR 3597 1529 2068 PISHA KOR 1921 1053 868 SAID SAHIB KOR 539 279 259 SHATO KHEL 1132 619 513 SHEIKH ISMAIL 1847 969 878 *MAMAZI SECTION 5722 3199 2523

Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE ASOO KOR 1479 808 671 DAMI KOR NO.2 2128 1176 952 GUL KHAN KOR 913 507 406 PIPAL AREA 1202 708 494 *MIANGAN SECTION 3735 2053 1682 MIANGAN (INZARAI) 3735 2053 1682 *ISA KHEL TRIBE 22515 11823 10692 *KANDAI SECTION 10507 5509 4998 GARDAI 2392 1243 1149 MAMU KOR 1770 893 877 SIKANDAR KHEL 3869 2086 1783 ZARITGUL KOR 2477 1287 1189 *MUNDA KHEL SECTION 1899 979 920 MUNDA KHEL 1899 979 920 *YOUSAF KHEL SECTION 10109 5335 4775 BRANGOLA 2160 1188 972 JABI KOR 1217 628 589 MORZADA KILLI 1950 969 981 PERDAIS KOR 3741 2010 1731 TURA GARAI 1042 540 503 *UTMANZAI TRIBE 7703 4142 3561 *AMNO KHEL SECTION 3830 2089 1741 YAKH DAND 3830 2089 1741 *DAG SECTION 3873 2053 1820 ARSALA 1050 547 503 HASHIM KILLI 1129 575 554 MALIK MASTAN 678 370 308 SAHIB NUR KILLI 1017 562 455 *PRANG GHAR TEHSIL 26810 13827 12983 *LAMAN UTMAN KHEL TRIBE 26810 13827 12983 *DERI KHEL SECTION 5044 2583 2461 KIRRA 3201 1631 1569 SRA SAHA(DINI KHIL) 1843 952 891 *MULLAHGAURI SECTION 3454 1772 1682 DEW DERAI 1947 1011 936 PIAW KHAN 1508 762 746 *PAKHI KOR SECTION 3044 1604 1440

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Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE NAVAI KILLI (NORTH WEST) 580 305 275 NAVAI KILLI (SOUTH WEST) 962 491 471 RANG MINA 456 251 206 SPINA KHAWAR 1045 557 488 *SARA ZERAK SECTION 1965 996 969 ZERAK BOCHA 1965 996 969 *SHAHDAD KHEL SECTION 7833 4030 3803 BAKAROO DERAI 4910 2524 2386 ZIARAT 2923 1506 1417 *UMER KHEL SECTION 5470 2841 2629 BAH LOLA 2086 1031 1055 GHUNDAI KILLI 727 376 351 KOTAGAI 1133 632 501 QAWAL BASHIR 668 341 327 SAPARAI 855 461 395 *SAFI TEHSIL 102954 53745 49208 *GUR BAZ TRIBE 19098 10004 9094 *KHADI KHEL SECTION 3860 1978 1882 KHADI KHEL 3860 1978 1882 *MALUTAM KOR SECTION 2114 1136 978 MALUTAM KOR 2114 1136 978 *QALAGAI SECTION 2855 1643 1212 QALAGAI 2855 1643 1212 *TANGA GURBAZ SECTION 10269 5247 5022 ADIN KHEL 2448 1271 1176 GAGIZAI (GHAZIABAD) 2919 1467 1451 GANDA GHAR 3041 1569 1472 KHAN QAH MIAN GAN 1862 939 923 *MASOOD TRIBE 21467 11324 10142 *ADAMZAI SECTION 6210 3477 2733 JUNDA KILLI 3199 1741 1459 ZIARAT ADAMZAI KILLI 3011 1736 1274 *CHINARAI SECTION 8632 4347 4285 CHINARAI BALA 1035 570 465 CHINARAI KAZIAN 3657 1853 1804 CHINARAI PAYAN 2092 1025 1067 MALIK MIAN JAN KORONA 1847 898 949

101

Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE *SAID KHAN KOR SECTION 6625 3500 3124 KAGA PAND 2779 1425 1353 ZIARAT KHAZEENA 3846 2075 1771 *QANDHARI TRIBE 27874 14627 13247 *KAMAL KHEL SECTION 17215 9001 8214 AYA KOR 4776 2456 2320 HABIBZAI 4135 2203 1932 KAMAL KHEL 2150 1114 1035 SAPAI 3417 1827 1590 WALI KOR 2737 1400 1338 *MIRZA KHEL SECTION 10659 5627 5032 HUSSAIN KHAN 3110 1688 1423 MALIK SULTAN SUNDU KHEL 2167 1103 1064 QAMAR DIN KHEL 3443 1808 1634 SHAHALAM KHEL 1939 1028 911 *SHENWARI TRIBE 34515 17789 16725 *ALINGAR SECTION 8870 4487 4383 ALINGAR BALA 2983 1502 1482 ALINGAR PAYAN 1682 829 852 MALIK LALUNO KILLI 2904 1461 1443 MALIK ROOFAT KILLI 1300 694 606 *CHAMARKAND SECTION 7903 4034 3869 CHAMARKAND FAROOQ KILLI 3253 1650 1603 QAYUM KOR 2203 1159 1044 SARDARAI KILLI 2448 1225 1222 *SAGI SECTION 11771 6099 5672 SAGI BALA 2648 1412 1235 SAGI BALA JUMA KHAN KILLI 1916 1008 909 SAGI BALA MUMDA JAN KILLI 3471 1698 1774 SAGI PAYAN 3735 1981 1754 *SHEKH BABA SECTION 5971 3169 2802 SHEKH BABA (MALIK MUZDAR) 2972 1497 1474 SHEKH CHIRRI KILLI 2999 1672 1328 *UPPER MOHMAND TEHSIL 115443 61799 53645 *BAIZAI TRIBE 71041 38322 32719 *ESA KHEL SECTION 6698 3723 2975 HASSAN BEG KOR 1423 766 657

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Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE JAROBAI 2229 1221 1008 SHENDARA 1451 780 671 UGHAZ 1595 956 639 *KHUGA KHEL SECTION 14050 7601 6449 ANARGAI 6007 3351 2657 LAKARAI 2098 1078 1019 TALALAI 2271 1221 1050 ZIARAT 3675 1951 1724 *KODA KHEL/ATMAR KHEL SECTION 17671 9545 8127 ATAM KILLI 1273 675 598 AZAD KOR 1137 652 485 BILAND KOR 1119 603 515 HASSAN KHEL 2694 1660 1034 KHAIR BANDAI KILLI 1994 1027 968 KHANJAR 1378 724 654 LAKHAR KOR KHEL 1928 963 965 MANZARAI CHINA 487 284 203 MULA KHEL BAR KILLI 2396 1244 1152 TUR KHAIL KANDAI 986 526 461 TUR KHEL 1341 695 645 WALI KOR 939 491 448 *MUSA KHEL SECTION 32621 17452 15169 ARZANO KOR 1305 754 550 BAHADAR KILLI 1215 648 567 BAR CHINARAI 805 406 399 BAR GHANAM SHAH 2003 1094 909 BAR KHARA SHAH 1395 720 675 BARA MATAI 596 294 302 BARA SHAHGAI 1680 850 831 GADAI TANGI 2580 1273 1307 INZARAI 1060 580 479 KARWANDA 576 302 274 KHARA KILLI 2168 1271 897 KUZA MATAI 2510 1279 1231 KUZA SHAGAI NO.1 976 479 497 KUZA SHAGAI NO.2 1810 947 862 RAHMAT KOR 3397 1724 1673

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Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE SAFARO KILLI 1837 1071 766 SAR LARA 1035 569 467 SARA KHAWA 1591 996 595 SHAH KHAN TANGI 1290 697 593 SHAKOOR KORONA 1312 701 610 SHENWARI BAHADAR KILLI 1480 796 684 *KHAWAZAI TRIBE 44402 23477 20925 *BABOZAI SECTION 25274 13415 11859 ALLADAD MINA 1263 661 602 ASHAB DARA 3220 1713 1506 GHAIR DAND 2091 1217 874 GULMA 1294 622 672 HAJI ABDUR RASOOL 2288 1161 1127 HAMDA KHAN 1735 996 739 KHANZADGAN 1182 670 513 LANDAI SHAH 1761 933 828 SAID KHAN (DABARZAI) 1752 890 862 SHAMSHA 981 543 438 SHEIKHANO KILLI 1322 631 691 SPINKAI TANGAI 1400 747 652 SPINKAI TANGAI SOUTH 636 359 278 SPINKAI TANGAI SOUTH CENT.PART 811 428 383 TILA 1195 603 592 TURA KHAWA 2344 1243 1101 *TUTA/KHADI KHEL SECTION 19128 10062 9067 ABA KOR 2832 1492 1341 ABDUL KOR 826 389 438 HALKI KOHI 2325 1178 1148 JUHAR KOR 3464 1839 1626 LALAI KILLI 1387 711 675 MAZRINA 2014 1077 937 MUHMMAD SHER KILLI 1762 900 862 NAGAR MIANGAN 1713 959 754 SAM GHAKAI 887 475 412 ZANAWAR CHINA 1916 1042 874 *YAKE GHUND TEHSIL 48568 25113 23455 *TARAKZAI TRIBE 48568 25113 23455

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Village wise Projected population of Mohmand Agency 2014-15 POPULATION NAME OF MAUZA /DEH / 2014-15 VILLAGE /SETTLEMENT BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE *DADU KHEL SECTION 18427 9494 8933 BUNGLOW NO.1 1374 678 695 DAB KOR 1706 926 780 GORGORAI 1793 932 861 HASHAM ALI 1893 1004 890 ISLAM SHAH KILLI 1971 1011 960 KARIRI 2333 1201 1132 KUZ BUNGLOW 1924 877 1047 MUHAMMAD AZAM (SPARAI) 970 488 482 RAWAL KOR 2695 1461 1234 TANGO KILLI (GURGURAI) 1768 917 851 *QASIM KHEL SECTION 30140 15618 14522 AMRUD KHAN KORONA 2052 1091 960 BURJ KILLI 1545 789 756 DAG QASIM KHEL 1724 867 857 EKA GHUND 1849 946 903 HAFIZ KOR 1806 929 877 KADO KORONA 1853 970 883 KAS KORONA 5191 2628 2563 KONRA COLONY 2534 1366 1168 LATIF KORONA 992 507 485 MATEEN KOR 2222 1127 1094 SHALAM SALAI 1778 966 812 SHIND GHUNDAI 2258 1130 1127 SRO KILLI 1791 939 852 ZUR ZARIF KOR BALA 2547 1362 1185

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Annexure 2: Household Questionnaire

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Tribal Areas Rural to Urban Centres Conversion Initiative (TARUCCI) FATA Urban Centres Project (FUCP) Structure Plan for Landi Kotal/Ghalanay HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

Form ID: ______

INSTRUCTIONS

Begin the interview with the following:

• Your name and professional affiliation with the project • Assurance of confidentiality • Expected duration of the conversation: Approximately 20 minutes • Ask them if they have any questions for you (prepare answers to possible questions) • Ask for consent to conduct the interview

I1. Name of I2. Survey Date

Surveyor: (dd/mm/yy):

Head of HH 1 I4. Respondent: I3. Name of Head of (Circle one Other the Household number) Please Specify 2

I5. Name of Town Landi Kotal 1 I6.Name of (Circle one Locality/ number) Ghalanay 2 Mohalla

Q1. How many persons are living in this house?(Please fill the following spaces)

Gender Total Female Male

107

Q2. Age-Sex Composition of Household:(Please fill the following spaces)

Gender S. Age (years) Male = 1 No. Female = 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 +

Q3. What are the main Sources of Drinking Water (Circle one number in each row for distance and level of satisfaction)

Distances to drinking water Level of satisfaction with drinking sources (kms) water Sources of Not Don’t Not Don’t Applicabl Know Not Applicabl Know drinking water < > Satisfie In- 0 1-2 2-5 e (Don Satisfie e (Don 1 5 d different (Don’t ’t d (Don’t ’t read) read) read) read) Municipal Tap inside the 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 House/compoun d Municipal Tap outside 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 compound Motor pump inside the 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 compound Hand pump inside the 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 compound Hand pump outside the 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 compound Well 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 River/Canal/Stre 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98 am

108

Any Other (Specify) 1 2 3 4 5 97 98 1 2 3 97 98

Q4. Are you satisfied with the drinking water inside the house?(Circle one number)

Satisfied 1 Skip to Q5 Natural/Indifferent 2 Skip to Q5 Dissatisfied 3 GOTO Q4a Not applicable(Do not 97 Skip to Q5 read) Don’t Know(Do not read) 98 Skip to Q5

Q4a. If not satisfied in Q4, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;

Q5. Do you have sanitation system (Human waste) inside the house?(Circle one number)

(DO NOT READ) Yes No Don’t Refused to answer/No Know reply 1 2 98 99 GOTO Skip to Skip to Skip to Q7 Q5a Q7 Q7

Q5a. Type of sanitation system (Human waste) inside House: (Circle one number)

Piped sewerage 1 Septic tank 2 Flush latrine 3 Non-flush latrine (Dry 4 system) Any other facility (Please Specify) 5

Don’t Know (Do not read) 98

109

Q6. Are you satisfied with the sanitation system inside the house?(Circle one number)

Satisfied 1 Skip to Q7 Natural/Indifferent 2 Skip to Q7 Dissatisfied 3 GOTO Q6a Don’t Know (Do not 98 Skip to Q7 read)

Q6a. If not satisfied in Q6, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;

Q7. Is there any system for drainage of Rainwater & Household Wastewater outside the House? (Circle one number)

(DO NOT READ) Yes No Don’t Refused to answer/No Know reply 1 2 98 99 GOTO Skip to Skip to Skip to Q9 Q7a Q9 Q9

Q7a. Type of drainage of rainwater & household wastewater outside the House: (Circle one number)

Piped sewers 1 Covered drains 2 Open lined drains 3 Open unlined drains 4 Any other facility (Pl. Specify) 5

Don’t Know (Do not 98 read)

Q8. Are you satisfied with the drainage of rainwater & household wastewater outside the House?(Circle one number)

Satisfied 1 Skip to Q9 Natural/Indifferent 2 Skip to Q9 Dissatisfied 3 GOTO Q8a Don’t Know (Do not 98 Skip to Q9 read)

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Q8a. If not satisfied in Q8, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;

Q9. Is there any system of collecting solid waste? (Circle one number)

(DO NOT READ) Yes No Don’t Refused to answer/No Know reply 1 2 98 99 GOTO Skip to Skip to Skip to Q11 Q9a Q11 Q11

Q9a. Who Collects Solid Waste? (Circle one number) Municipal Committee 1 Union Council 2 Privately 3 Paid Sweeper 4 Any other facility (Pl. Specify) 5

Don’t Know (Do not 98 read) Q10. Are you satisfied with the Solid Waste Disposal System?(Circle one number)

Satisfied Skip to 1 Q11 Natural/Indifferent Skip to 2 Q11 Dissatisfied GOTO 3 Q10a Don’t Know (Do not Skip to 98 read) Q11

Q10a. If not satisfied in Q10, Please state the reason of dissatisfaction;

Q11. What Are the Main Problems of Your Area (in order of priorities?)

• Problem 1: • Problem 2: • Problem 3:

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• Problem 4: • Problem 5:

Housing Q12. Type of house(Circle one number) Isolated/Free Standing 1 Row House 2 Semi Detached 3 House in Family Compound If house in compound, state number of houses in Compound 4 ______Others (Please specify) 6

Q13. Number of habitable44 and other Rooms (tick/write in appropriate column):

Greater Bath & No. of No. of No. of One Two Three Four Five than Latrine Baths latrines Kitchens45 five Combined

1 2 3 4 5 6

Q14. Nature of Tenure (Circle one number)

Owned 1 Rented 2 Govt. Residence 3 Any other facility (Pl. Specify) 4

Don’t Know (Do not 98 read)

Q15. Period of construction in Years (Circle one number)

Last 5 years 1 5 – 10 years 2 11 – 25 years 3

44 Excluding kitchen, latrine, bathrooms etc. 45If used separately by different households in a house.

112

26 – 50 years 4 More than 50 years 5 Don’t Know (Do not 98 read)

Q16. Type of structure (Please observe and not ask from the respondent)

Pucca 1 Semi-pucca 2 Katcha 3

Number of Storeys (Please observe and not ask from the respondent)

Single 1 Double 2 Triple 3 More than 3

Plot Size

Size (Marlas) 5 & Below 5 to 7 7-10 10-15 15-20 20+ Total

Q17. Since when are you living in this house (Number of years): ______

Q18. Where did you live before shifting here:______

Q19. Do you intend to shift from this place to some other area in near future?

(DO NOT READ) Yes No Don’t Refused to answer/No Know reply 1 2 98 99 GOTO Skip to Skip to Skip to Q20 Q19a Q20 Q20

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Q19a. If yes in Q19, Which area you are planning to move: ______

Q19b. If yes in Q19, What is the reason of moving: ______

Q20. Number of Earning Members in the Household

Male Female Total

Q21. Details about Earning Members:

Earning Occupatio Monthly Members in the Age Qualification Gender n Income Household 1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

Q22. Annual Household Income from Other Sources

Source Annual Income (Rs) Agriculture Property Rent Shop Keeping Transport Other (Pl. Specify)

Total

114

Q23. Number of Students the Household

Number of Number of Level Female Male Students Students Below Primary Primary Middle High College University Others (Specify)

Q24. Number of Literate Members in the Household (Other than Students)

Number of Educational Number of Female Level Male Members Members Under Primary Primary Under Matric Matric Intermediate Graduate Post Graduate Others (Pl.

Specify)

Q25. What Priority Projects Are Needed for Your Area

Signature of Surveyor______Checked and Countersigned by Survey Supervisor______Date______ENDING THE QUESTIONNAIRE: • END ON A POSITIVE NOTE • Offer to answer any questions the respondent may have • Thank the respondent for their time

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Annexure 3: Household Survey Data

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Table A-1: Number of Household Interviews Conducted Village Name Total % No. of Population Population Interviews (2015) Conducted Wazir Kalay 659 7.98 16 Zor Kalay 676 8.18 16 Pagul kor+ Bazar 1,341 16.23 32 Ghundai Aba Khel 471 5.70 11 Yousaf khel 294 3.56 7 Miagan Pagul khel 235 2.84 6 Adeen khel 571 6.91 14 Mill + Damano 676 8.18 16 Kalay Mateen 294 3.56 7 Chanda Kalay + 853 10.33 21 Mohajir Korona Anat kor + Landain 1,859 22.50 45 Katar 332 4.02 8 Total 8,261 100.00 200

Table A-2: Household Sizes in Ghalanai Total Number of Persons Frequency Percent living in the House 1 to 5 16 7.77 6 to 10 107 51.94 Above 10 83 40.29 Total 206 100.00

Table A-3: Age-Sex Composition of Sample Population Age- Gender Total %Male %Female Total% Groups Male Female Up to 54 87 141 38.30 61.70 100 4 5-9 108 77 185 58.38 41.62 100 10-14 127 100 227 55.95 44.05 100 15-19 148 146 294 50.34 49.66 100 20-24 180 126 306 58.82 41.18 100 25-29 147 95 242 60.74 39.26 100 30-34 78 67 145 53.79 46.21 100 35-39 63 49 112 56.25 43.75 100 40-44 46 50 96 47.92 52.08 100 45-49 39 48 87 44.83 55.17 100 50-54 48 39 87 55.17 44.83 100 55-59 32 14 46 69.57 30.43 100

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60-64 28 12 40 70.00 30.00 100 65-69 12 10 22 54.55 45.45 100 70-74 15 7 22 68.18 31.82 100 75+ 13 3 16 81.25 18.75 100 Total 1138 930 2068 55.03 44.97 100 % 55.03 44.97 100 55.03 44.97 100

Table A-4: Sources of Drinking Water S. No. Sources of Drinking Frequency % Water (Cumulative) 1 Own Well 171 57.38 2 Motor pump 55 18.46 3 Purchase from 18 6.04 Water Tanker 4 Municipal water 19 6.38 outside compound 5 Other's Well 10 3.36 6 From Relatives 2 0.67 Tank 7 Spring/Stream 23 7.72 Total 298 100.0

Table A-5: Satisfaction with Drinking Water S.No. Sources Satisfied% Dissatisfied% Total% 1 Own Well 18.59 81.41 100 2 Motor Pump 93.94 6.06 100 3 Water Tanker 88.89 11.11 100 4 Municipal Water 40.00 60.00 100 outside Compound 5 From Relatives 22.86 77.14 100 6 Springs/Streams 62.50 37.50 100

Table A-6: Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Drinking Water Reasons Frequency % (Cumulative Responses) insufficient water in well/dried well 137 42.15 Water has to be fetched from a distant sources by females 62 19.08 Water Quality (color/taste) is not good. 42 12.92 Water shortage due to load shedding 19 5.85 Have to ask relatives/other persons to use their source 18 5.54 Have to purchase water from tanker 17 5.23 No water storage tank 11 3.38 Cannot afford to dig well/purchase water from tanker 7 2.15 No affordability for motor pump to get water from well. 5 1.54 Others 7 2.15 Total 325 100.00

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Table A-7: Is Human Waste Disposed Response Frequency Percent Yes 116 56.31 No 90 43.69 Total 206 100.0

Table A-8: Mode of Human Waste Disposal Mode Responses Number Percent Non-flush latrine (Dry 68 57.63 system) Flush latrine 28 23.73 Septic Tank 17 14.41 Others 5 4.24 Total 118 100.0

Table A-9: Satisfaction with Disposal System Response Frequency Percent Satisfied 118 57.28 Dissatisfied 85 41.26 Indifferent 3 1.46 Total 206 100.0

Table A-10: Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Waste Disposal Reasons Frequency % No latrine/inadequate 55 50.93 latrines in home Lack of water for latrine 31 28.70 No Flush system 17 15.74 Others 5 4.63 Total 108 100.0

A-11: Availability of Drainage System Response Frequency Percent Yes 108 52.4 No 97 47.1 Don't know 1 .5 Total 206 100.0

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Table A-12: Mode of Drainage Type Frequency Percent Open unlined drains 100 92.59 Open lined drains 6 5.56 Pipe Sewerage 2 1.85 Total 108 100.0

Table A-13: Satisfaction with Drainage System Response Frequency Percent Satisfied 52 48.15 Indifferent 5 4.63 Dissatisfied 51 47.22 Not Applicable 98 - Total 206 100.00

TableA-14: Reasons for Dissatisfaction: Response Frequency Percent (Multiple Responses) Cause damage to houses specially 37 54.41 during rains Problematic for pedestrians due to 13 19.12 slushy streets

Drains are katcha/open 8 11.76 Can cause contamination 7 10.29 Unlined drains cause damage to 3 4.41 roads Total 68 100.00

Table A-15: SW Collection Reply Frequency Percent Yes 86 41.7 No 120 58.3 Total 206 100.0

Table A-16: Housing Types Type of House Frequency Percent Isolated/Free 37 18.0 Standing Row House 76 36.9 Semi Detached 38 18.4 House in Family 55 26.7 Compound Total 206 100

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Table A-17: Number of Habitable Rooms Number of Rooms Frequency Percent One 14 6.8 Two 61 29.6 Three 55 26.7 Four 30 14.6 Five & more 46 22.3 Total 206 100

Table A-18: Number of Non-Habitable Rooms No. of Baths Latrines Baths & Latrines Kitchens Rooms Combined Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % 0 80 38.83 117 56.80 173 83.98 15 7.28 1 74 35.92 85 41.26 27 13.11 190 92.23 2 41 19.90 4 1.94 5 2.43 1 0.49 3 4 1.94 0 - 0 - 0 - 3+ 7 3.40 0 - 1 0.49 0 - Total 206 100.0 206 100.0 206 100.0 206 100.0

Table A-19: Type of Housing Structure Type Frequency Percent

Pucca 9 4.4 Semi pucca 54 26.2 Katcha 143 69.4 Total 206 100.0

Table A-20: Period of Construction Period Frequency % Last 5 years 16 7.8 6-10 years 14 6.8 11-25 years 47 22.8 26-50 years 55 26.7 >50 years 56 27.2 No Reply 18 8.7 Total 206 100

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Table A-21: Plot Sizes Plot Sizes Frequency % Cumulative (marlas) % <5 2 1.0 4.5 5-7 7 3.4 13.5 7-10 14 6.8 28.0 10-15 26 12.6 44.5 15-20 32 15.5 63.5 >20 125 60.7 100.0 Total 206 100

Table A-22: Period of Stay in this House Period Frequency % Cumulative (Years) % <5 36 17.48 17.48 5-10 17 8.25 25.73 11-15 16 7.77 33.50 16-25 26 12.62 46.12 >25 111 53.88 100.00 Total 206 100

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Table A-23: Household-Wise Number of Students Vs Non-School Going Children in Different Categories Category 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Below Primary Male 107 47 30 12 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 Female 115 46 31 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Primary Male 138 43 15 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Female 171 18 11 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Middle Male 140 50 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 194 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 High Male 179 21 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 203 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 College Male 165 36 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 202 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 University Male 195 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 205 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table A-24: Household-wise Literate Vs Illiterate Members (Excluding Students) Category 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Below Primary Male 189 12 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 197 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Primary Male 163 30 8 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 190 9 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Under Matric

Male 152 44 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 196 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Matric Male 161 36 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 204 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Intermediate Male 178 27 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graduates Male 185 20 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Female 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Post Graduates Male 179 22 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Female 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table A-25: Earning Members Per Household Earning Members Frequency Percent 0 2 0.97 1-2 168 81.55 3-4 35 16.99 5& above 1 0.49 Total 206 100.00

Table A-26 Household Income through Earning Members Monthly HH Income No. of % Cum % HHs Up to 5,000 15 7.28 7.28 5,001-10,000 29 14.08 21.36 10,001-15,000 33 16.02 37.38 15,001-20,000 37 17.96 55.34 20,001-30,000 36 17.48 72.81 30,001-50,000 32 15.53 88.35 Above 50,000 24 11.65 100.00

Total 206 100.0

Table A-27: Household Income through all Sources46 Monthly Income No. % Cum % Up to 5,000 15 7.28 7.28 5,000-10,000 24 11.65 18.93 10,001-15,000 31 15.05 33.98 15,001-20,000 38 18.45 52.43 20,001-30,000 42 20.39 72.81 30,001-50,000 30 14.56 87.38 Above 50,000 26 12.62 100.00 Total 206 100.00

Table A-28: Number of HHS Vs Priority Problems Problems Priority % Priority % Priority % Priority % Priority % 1 2 3 4 5 Shortage of Clean 168 81.55 16 8.99 9 6.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Drinking Water No Solarization of 2 0.97 15 8.43 7 5.04 3 3.09 0 0.00 Tube well Load shedding 2 0.97 13 7.30 18 12.95 17 17.53 3 4.48 Unpaved Streets 6 2.91 23 12.92 21 15.11 20 20.62 3 4.48 No Proper Drainage 1 0.49 1 0.56 7 5.04 7 7.22 13 19.40 No Water Storage 0 0.00 29 16.29 12 8.63 1 1.03 0 0.00 for Drinking Water No latrine/flush 12 5.83 4 2.25 7 5.04 3 3.09 3 4.48 Latrine

46Apart from income of earning members, also includes income from agriculture (44 households), property rent (5 households), shop keeping (9 households), transport (8 households), others (6 households).

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Flooding Issues 2 0.97 23 12.92 12 8.63 13 13.40 16 23.88 No Garbage Disposal 0.00 0 0.00 2 1.44 1 1.03 3 4.48 System No Proper Link Road 6 2.91 37 20.79 17 12.23 5 5.15 8 11.94 to Village/Construction of Bridge No transformer/Over 0 0.00 7 3.93 4 2.88 3 3.09 2 2.99 loaded Transformer No Play Ground/Park 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 2.88 1 1.03 1 1.49 Lack of health 1 0.49 6 3.37 3 2.16 7 7.22 6 8.96 facilities Lack of Educational 0 0.00 2 1.12 8 5.76 12 12.37 9 13.43 Facilities Others 6 2.91 2 1.12 8 5.76 4 4.12 0 0.00 Total 206 100.00 178 100.00 139 100.00 97 100.00 67 100.00

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Annexure 4: Official Notification for Delimitation of Urban Boundaries, Ghalanai

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Annexure 5: Water Quality Test Results

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Annexure 6: Ghalanai Institutional Arrangements

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6.1 Present Administrative Structure

Present administrative structure is as given in Table below:

Table 28: Present Administrative Structure47 Administration and Judiciary Political Agent Overall Charge-de-Affairs of the Agency Additional Political Agent Oversees development activities in the Agency Assistant Political Agent Admin/ Judicial affairs of their respective Sub Divisions Political Tehsildar Admin/ Judicial affairs of their respective Tehsils Political Naib Tehsildar (PNT) Support Political Tehsildar in routine administrative business Law and Order Subedar Major of Levis and Khasadars In charge of Levies/ Khasadars (Local (Agency level) Police force) on Agency level Line Officer of Levis and Khasadars (Sub- In charge of Levies/ Khasadars (Local Division level) Police force) on Sub Divisional level Subidars/ Naib Subedars of Lavies and KKF Assists Line officers in law and order (Khyber Khasadar Force) implementation Education Agency Education Officer, A.E.O Overall In charge of Schools (Primary to Higher Secondary) Assistant Agency Education Officer (Female) In charge of Girls schools Assistant Agency Education Officer (Male) In charge of Boys schools in their respective subdivisions Health Agency Surgeon Overall In charge of Health Facilities Medical Superintendent, M.S In charge of Agency Head Quarter (AHQ) Hospital Support Departments Executive Engineer, XEN (C&W) Highway In charge of Civil work (roads) Division Executive Engineer, XEN (C&W) Building In charge of Civil work (Buildings) Division Sub-Divisional Officer, SDO (TESCO) In charge of Electricity supply Assistant Divisional Engineer, ADE (PTCL) In charge of Telephone services Sub Divisional Officer, SDO (Public Health) In charge of water supply/ tube wells Assistant Director, AD (Forests) In charge of Forests plantation and conservation etc. Assistant Director, AD (Agriculture) In charge of agriculture affairs Assistant Director, LGRDD with Assistant In charge of Municipal affairs

47 Source: Consultants Institutional Survey and FATA Secretariat

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Engineer and Sub Engineer

6.2 Provision, Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure and Services

Various Line Department & Directorates in FATA Secretariat through its field offices and under the supervision of the APA are responsible to provide, operate and maintain essential infrastructure and services in Ghalanai as indicated below;

Table 29: Departments Responsible for Infrastructure & Services Department Infrastructure/ Services Works and Services (W&S) Department Public Buildings, Roads, Water Supply and Sanitation Education Directorate Primary and Secondary Education Health Directorate Health Services Local Government and Rural Development Rural Development Infrastructure, Parks, (LG&RDD) Directorate Streets, etc

Directorate of Projects (FATA Secretariat) Foreign Aided Projects, Relevant Services, Agriculture, Irrigation, etc

6.3 Status of Municipal Committee

There is no formal structure of a Municipal Committee present in Ghalanai. The Draft Local Government Ordinance 201248 contained the following provisions for establishment of a municipal committee in each agency:

“CHAPTER –II” LOCAL AREAS AND CONSTITUTION AND COMPOSITION OF LOCAL COUNCILS

3. Local Areas.- (1) For the purposes of this Regulation, a Local Area shall be a town. (2) The Governor may, by notification, extend, curtail or otherwise alter the limits of a Local Area and declare that an y area shall cease to be a local area. 4. Delimitation of a ward.- (1)A ward shall be an area comprising one census block, or as may be prescribed. (2) The Governor may, for purposes of election, divide a local area into such number of wards having a definite boundary as he may determine. 5. Constitution of Local Councils.- (1) The Local Councils to be constituted under this Regulation shall be municipal committees for each of the notified towns;

48 Draft Local Government Ordinance 2012, FATA

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(2) As soon as may be, the Local Councils mentioned in sub-article (1) shall be constituted in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation. 6. Municipal Committee.- (1) A municipal committee shall, subject to other provisions of this Regulation, consist of such number of general members equaling the number of wards in the Municipality. (2) The general members of the Municipal Committee shall be elected through direct election based on adult franchise and joint electorate. (3) The Governor may from time to time determine and notify the number of additional members representing traders, women or other special groups in respect of a municipal committee subject to the condition that total number of such members shall not exceed twenty five percent of the total membership of the respective council. (4) The additional members provided for under sub article (3) shall be elected by the directly elected members of the municipal committee through secret ballot. 7. Chairman and Vice-Chairman.- For every Local Council there shall be a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, elected in prescribed manner, by the respective local council.

CHAPTER -VI COMPULSORY FUNCTIONS OF MUNICIPAL COMMITTEES

58. The compulsory functions of the municipal committees shall be as under: (A) PUBLIC HEALTH i) Responsibility for sanitation. (ii) Insanitary buildings and lands. (iii) Removal, collection and disposal of refuse. (iv) Latrines and urinals. (v) Birth and deaths. (vi) Infectious diseases. (B) WATER SUPPLY: (vii) Water Supply. (C) DRAINAGE: (viii) Drainage. (ix) Drainage and sewerage schemes for commercial and industrial area. (D) ARTICLES OF FOOD AND DRINK: (x) Private markets. (xi) Slaughter houses. (E) ANIMALS AND CATTLE: (xii) Prohibition on picketing or tethering in streets. (xiii) Prohibition against keeping and maintaining cattle. (xiv) Dangerous animals.

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(xv) Disposal carcasses. (F) PUBLIC SAFETY: (xvi) Fire Fighting. (xvii) Dangerous and offensive articles and trades. (G) MUNICIPAL PLANNING: (xviii) Master Plan. (xix) Site Development Schemes. (xx) Execution of the Site Development Schemes. (H) BUILDING CONTROL: (xxi) Erection and re-erection of buildings. (xxii) Completion of buildings, alteration of buildings, etc. (xxiii) Regulation of buildings. (I) STREETS: (xxiv) Public Streets. (xxv) Streets. (xxvi) Street lighting. (xxvii) Street Watering. (J) TRAFFIC VEHICLES: (xxviii) Traffic control. (xxix) Public vehicles. (K) ARBORICULTURE: (xxx) Arboriculture. (L) SPORTS AND CULTURE (xxxi) Holding sports events and tournaments (xxxii) Celebrating national days, and special events (xxxiii) Arranging literary and culture events

OPTIONAL FUNCTIONS OF MUNICIPAL COMMITTEES

59. The optional functions of municipal committees shall be as under: (A) PUBLIC HEALTH: i) Promotion of public health. ii) Health and maternity centre, etc. iii) Hospitals and dispensaries. iv) Medical aid, relief and medical education. v) Environmental pollution. (B) DHOBI GHATS, etc.: vi) Bathing and washing places. vii) Dhobi ghat. viii) Public water courses. (C) ARTICLES OF FOOD AND DRINK: ix) Bye-laws for articles of food and drink. x) Regulating quality of milk supply.

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xi) Public Markets. xii) Animal Husbandry and Animals homes and farms. xiii) Registration of the sale of cattle. xiv) Livestock improvement. xv) Cattle shows, Zoo, etc. (E) PUBLIC SAFETY: xvi) Famine. xvii) Burial and burning places. (F) TREES, PARKS AND GARDENS: xviii) Gardens. xix) Open spaces. xx) Nuisances pertaining to trees and plantations. xxi) Tanks and low-lying areas. (G) EDUCATION: xxii) As directed or authorized by the Governor. (H) CULTURE: xxiii) Culture. xxiv) Libraries. xxv) Fairs and shows etc. (I) SOCIAL WELFARE: xxvi) Social Welfare”

6.4 Future Municipal Services Responsibility

Unfortunately, the LGO 2012 for FATA has not been implemented so far. In lieu, the Government ordered the establishment of “Municipal Committees” throughout FATA issuing a Notification in 2011 with assigning office responsibilities on all positions to existing political authorities and staff of the Local Government for a functional municipal committee. However, at present, no formal structure or system of a municipal committee has been adopted in Ghalanai.

The functions of a Municipal Committee in respect of municipal planning, management and service delivery as contained in LGO 2012 and detailed in the above section require the establishment of the Municipal Committee and assigning of appropriate staff ( Municipal Officer, Engineers, Town Planner, Water supply and sanitation as well as Solid Waste Management systems and resources) as the first step. Future developments and improvement in service delivery within the municipality will only be possible if an integrated, holistic approach by an entity with ownership is established. Otherwise, investments will have to be made through the existing line department’s portfolio and the operation/ maintenance responsibilities will suffer since the line departments already have meager amounts for subsequent operation and maintenance of

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facilities. Thus it is essential that the structure for a Municipal Committee is notified and it shall be made functional before the Immediate Action Plan of this structure plan is implemented. It is believed that the basic Municipal Services like Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, Street Pavements, Parking spaces, Slaughter Houses, Parks, drainage and Solid waste Management will be carried out through the municipal committee with support as technical assistance and capacity building where needed.

6.5 Structure Plan Implementation Options

The implementation of the structure plan and various projects emerging out of the effort shall ideally be carried out by the municipal committee but since there is no operational MC in Landi Kotal, the various projects will have to be executed, operated and maintained through other arrangements till a functional MC is able to take over the responsibility. In present scenario, the following options are there;

a) Through existing Line Departments b) Through FUCP-PMU c) Through FATA Infrastructure and Works Authority (FIWA) a) Through Existing Line Departments

In absence of a municipal committee, the existing line directorates in FATA through its field offices will execute relevant projects and will be responsible to operate and maintain these facilities until an MC is operational and empowered to take over charge. Various line directorates and departments of FATA Secretariat like Health, Education, Works and Services, Public Health, Irrigation, Local Government and Rural Development, etc are fully capable and operational through their respective field/ agency offices and are responsible to implement FATA Annual development Portfolio related to their sectors. The departments follow standard procedures to reflect projects in ADP prepare PC-1s/ PC-11s, present these to FATA Development Working Party (FDWP) for approval, and receive funding through finance department and tender contracts for execution. The departments supervise either through their staff or through hired consultants. On completion, the projects are operated and maintained by the line departments. The whole project cycle is supervised/ monitored by the Planning and Development department (P&DD) in FATA Secretariat.

Line Departments Execution Process of Projects:

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Project Reflcted in ADP

P&DD Line Minitors Department Physical and Prepares PC- Financial 1/ PC-11 Progress

Line FDWP Department Approves Executes

b) Through FUCP-PMU

The Project Management Unit (PMU) of FUCP established for Khar, Bajawar agency already has experience of implanting structure plan for Khar and can take up the implementation of further structure plans in other agencies. This option however requires coordination among the political administration, several line departments including the LG&RDD and the responsibility for smooth coordination falls on PMU. A relationship / coordination diagram for this arrangement may be as given below:

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Relationship/ Coordination Diagram Political Agent/ Additional PA

FATA FUCP-PMU Secretariat/P&DD

Planning/ LG&RDD/Line Engineering Works Contractors Department Consultants

c) Through FIWA

The Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has initiated within FATA Secretariat a FIWA unit responsible to establish an exclusive authority to undertake infrastructure and works throughout FATA. The FIWA unit has completed tremendous preparatory works including several PC-1s for FATA highways and draft regulations for establishment of a fully autonomous body as the FATA Infrastructure and Works authority. It is believed that until the time FIWA is established the FIWA unit will execute works independently.

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Annexure 7: List of Participants in Meeting of Ghalanai Residents

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List of Participants S.NO Name Designation 1. Hazrat Khan Community Elder KuzKadi Aba Khel 2. Zar Muhammad Community Elder Sultan Khel 3. Muhammad Din Community Elder PagolKor 4. Abad Khan Community Elder AnayatKor 5. Zigar Haj Community Elder KoperKally 6. Muhammad Sadeeq Community Elder DaoodKor Aba KhelKuzaKadi 7. Zalkan Community Elder FigalKorKuzaKadi 8. Zeegar Community Elder Kofar 9. Ibaad Community Elder Dagai 10. Irfan Community Elder Pindyali 11. MianMuzakar Shah SDO (C&W) 12. AmeenUlHaq Community Elder AbbaKhel 13. Haji Umar Saeed Community Elder KozaKadi Rami Khel 14. Molana Muhammad Arif Haqani Community Elder BabiKhelAdeenKhel 15. Arab Khan Community Elder PagolKorGhalany 16. Gul Khan Community Elder PagolKorGhalany 17. FazalMaula Community Elder Kattar 18. Khandan Community Elder Malik WazirKaly 19. BakhtWali Community Elder Kattar 20. Sajid Khan PTI Ghalany 21. Malik Ashghar Khan QomiWatan Party 22. Malik Saleem Ghalany 23. Norullah SDO (PUEB) 24. Farman Tezyali 25. Bashir Nai Bath 26. Shaker Mashriq 27. Liaqat PTV 28. Arshad VOA

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Annexure 8: Suggestions from Wider Stakeholders Consultation Workshop, August 28, 2015

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1. Generally the Draft Structure Plans for Landi Kotal and Ghalanai were well received and the participants praised the level of detail and the planning process adopted by the consultants. Most of questions and remarks related to clarifications of various aspects of the methodology and proposed infrastructure facilities. The responses satisfied all queries and useful/ constructive suggestions of the participants were noted.

2. Most of the suggestions/ recommendations made by the participants have already been included in the report and these were clarified in the workshop. All participants were given copy of the Draft structure plan where they can find details.

3. The Project Director, FUCP required that a section on revenue stream for the proposed municipality may be included. This has been included under the institutional arrangements as the revenue part of MC.

4. The Project Director, FUCP also desired that future proposed facilities should be accommodated in the designated space particularly in the Hamza Baba Mazar area in Landi Kotal. Based on the suggestion, the Consultants have proposed suitable landuses for the site and their area requirements. Micro detailing of proposed landuses would be accomplished in the subsequent design phase.

5. Both the Member National Assembly, Khyber Agency , Alhaj Shahjee Gul Afridi and Senator from Mohmmand Agency, Mr. Hilal Ur Rehman suggested immediate attention to improving drinking water supply systems in both the towns with provisions/ studies for ground water recharge, construction of dams and supply of bulk water to the towns.

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