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Justice & Security Practices, Perceptions, and Problems in Kabul and Nangarhar
Justice & Security Practices, Perceptions, and Problems in Kabul and Nangarhar M AY 2014 Above: Behsud Bridge, Nangarhar Province (Photo by TLO) A TLO M A P P I N G R EPORT Justice and Security Practices, Perceptions, and Problems in Kabul and Nangarhar May 2014 In Cooperation with: © 2014, The Liaison Office. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher, The Liaison Office. Permission can be obtained by emailing [email protected] ii Acknowledgements This report was commissioned from The Liaison Office (TLO) by Cordaid’s Security and Justice Business Unit. Research was conducted via cooperation between the Afghan Women’s Resource Centre (AWRC) and TLO, under the supervision and lead of the latter. Cordaid was involved in the development of the research tools and also conducted capacity building by providing trainings to the researchers on the research methodology. While TLO makes all efforts to review and verify field data prior to publication, some factual inaccuracies may still remain. TLO and AWRC are solely responsible for possible inaccuracies in the information presented. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cordaid. The Liaison Office (TL0) The Liaison Office (TLO) is an independent Afghan non-governmental organization established in 2003 seeking to improve local governance, stability and security through systematic and institutionalized engagement with customary structures, local communities, and civil society groups. -
Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India: a Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in the North-West Frontier During the First World War
Tribal Belt and the Defence of British India: A Critical Appraisal of British Strategy in the North-West Frontier during the First World War Dr. Salman Bangash. “History is certainly being made in this corridor…and I am sure a great deal more history is going to be made there in the near future - perhaps in a rather unpleasant way, but anyway in an important way.” (Arnold J. Toynbee )1 Introduction No region of the British Empire afforded more grandeur, influence, power, status and prestige then India. The British prominence in India was unique and incomparable. For this very reason the security and safety of India became the prime objective of British Imperial foreign policy in India. India was the symbol of appealing, thriving, profitable and advantageous British Imperial greatness. Closely interlinked with the question of the imperial defence of India was the tribal belt2 or tribal areas in the North-West Frontier region inhabitant by Pashtun ethnic groups. The area was defined topographically as a strategic zone of defence, which had substantial geo-political and geo-strategic significance for the British rule in India. Tribal areas posed a complicated and multifaceted defence problem for the British in India during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Peace, stability and effective control in this sensitive area was vital and indispensable for the security and defence of India. Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 1 Arnold J. Toynbee, „Impressions of Afghanistan and Pakistan‟s North-West Frontier: In Relation to the Communist World,‟International Affairs, 37, No. 2 (April 1961), pp. -
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008–2009: Micro-Geographies, Conflict Diffusion, and Clusters of Violence
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008–2009: Micro-geographies, Conflict Diffusion, and Clusters of Violence John O’Loughlin, Frank D. W. Witmer, and Andrew M. Linke1 Abstract: A team of political geographers analyzes over 5,000 violent events collected from media reports for the Afghanistan and Pakistan conflicts during 2008 and 2009. The violent events are geocoded to precise locations and the authors employ an exploratory spatial data analysis approach to examine the recent dynamics of the wars. By mapping the violence and examining its temporal dimensions, the authors explain its diffusion from traditional foci along the border between the two countries. While violence is still overwhelmingly concentrated in the Pashtun regions in both countries, recent policy shifts by the American and Pakistani gov- ernments in the conduct of the war are reflected in a sizeable increase in overall violence and its geographic spread to key cities. The authors identify and map the clusters (hotspots) of con- flict where the violence is significantly higher than expected and examine their shifts over the two-year period. Special attention is paid to the targeting strategy of drone missile strikes and the increase in their number and geographic extent by the Obama administration. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H560, H770, O180. 15 figures, 1 table, 113 ref- erences. Key words: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Taliban, Al- Qaeda, insurgency, Islamic terrorism, U.S. military, International Security Assistance Forces, Durand Line, Tribal Areas, Northwest Frontier Province, ACLED, NATO. merica’s “longest war” is now (August 2010) nearing its ninth anniversary. It was Alaunched in October 2001 as a “war of necessity” (Barack Obama, August 17, 2009) to remove the Taliban from power in Afghanistan, and thus remove the support of this regime for Al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization that carried out the September 2001 attacks in the United States. -
Afridi Tribe
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Center on Contemporary Conflict Center for Contemporary Conflict (CCC) Publications 2016 Afridi Tribe Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/49867 Program for Culture and Conflict Studies AFRIDI TRIBE The Program for Culture & Conflict Studies Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA Material contained herein is made available for the purpose of peer review and discussion and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Navy or the Department of Defense. PRIMARY LOCATION Khyber Agency, Peshawar District MAJOR TOWNS The headquarters for the Political Agent is in Peshawar, but Assistant Political Agents may be found in Bara, Jamrud, and Landi Kotal. There is also a government presence (Customs house) at Torkham on the Durand Line. TERRAIN AND CLIMATE TERRAIN FATA is situated between the latitudes of 31° and 35° North, and the longitudes of 69° 15' and 71° 50' East, stretching for maximum length of approximately 450 kilometers and spanning more than 250 kilometers at its widest point. Spread over a reported area of 27,220 square kilometers, it is bounded on the north by the district of Lower Dir in the NWFP, and on the east by the NWFP districts of Bannu, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Karak, Kohat, Lakki Marwat, Malakand, Nowshera and Peshawar. On the south-east, FATA joins the district of Dera Ghazi Khan in the Punjab province, while the Musa Khel and Zhob districts of Balochistan are situated to the south. -
The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a Historical Sketch George Passman Tate
University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1911 The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch George Passman Tate Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the History Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tate, George Passman The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch, with an introductory note by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand. Bombay: "Times of India" Offices, 1911. 224 p., maps This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tate, G,P. The kfn&ean sf Af&mistan, DATE DUE I Mil 7 (7'8 DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, HIS EXCELLENCY BARON HARDINGE OF PENSHURST. VICEROY AND GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA, .a- . (/. BY m HIS OBEDIENT, SERVANT THE AUTHOR. il.IEmtev 01 the Asiniic Society, Be?zg-nl, S?~rueyof I~din. dafhor of 'I Seisinqz : A Menzoir on the FJisio~y,Topo~rcrphj~, A7zliquiiies, (112d Peo$Ie of the Cozi?zt~y''; The F/.o?zlic7,.~ of Baluchisia'nn : Travels on ihe Border.? of Pe~szk n?zd Akhnnistnn " ; " ICalnf : A lMe??zoir on t7ze Cozl7~try and Fnrrzily of the Ahntadsai Khn7zs of Iinlnt" ; 4 ec. \ViTkI AN INrPR<dl>kJCTOl2Y NO'FE PRINTED BY BENNETT COLEMAN & Co., Xc. PUBLISHED AT THE " TIMES OF INDIA" OFFTCES, BOMBAY & C.1LCUTT-4, LONDON AGENCY : gg, SI-IOE LANE, E.C. -
Positive Deviance Research Report Jan2014
FutureGenerations Afghanistan . empowering communities to shape their futures ________________________________________________________________________________ Research Report Engaging Community Resilience for Security, Development and Peace building in Afghanistan ________________________________________________________________________________ December 2013 Funding Agencies United State Institute of Peace Rockefeller Brothers Fund Carnegie Corporation of New York Contact House # 115, 2nd Str., Parwan-2, Kabul, Afghanistan Cell: +93 (0) 799 686 618 / +93 (0) 707 270 778 Email: [email protected] Website: www.future.org 1 Engaging Community Resilience for Security, Development and Peacebuilding in Afghanistan Project Research Report Table of Contents List of Table List of Figures and Maps List of Abbreviations Glossary of local Language Words Chapter Title Page INTRODUCTION 3 Positive Deviance Process Conceptual Framework 4 • Phase-1: Inception • Phase-2: Positive Deviance Inquiry • Phase-3: Evaluation SECTION-1: Inception Phase Report 7 Chapter One POSITIVE DEVIANCE HISTORY AND DEFINITIONS 7 History 7 Definitions (PD concept, PD approach, PD inquiry, PD process, PD 8 methodology) a) Assessment Phase: Define, Determine, Discover 8 b) Application Phase: Design, Discern, Disseminate 9 Positive Deviance Principles 10 When to use positive deviance 10 Chapter Two RESEARCH CONTEXT 11 Challenges 11 Study Objectives 12 Site Selection 13 Research Methods 13 Composite Variables and Data Analysis 14 Scope and Limitation 15 Chapter Three SOCIO-POLITICAL -
AFGHANISTAN and PAKISTAN the New Parliament: an Afghan Way to Democracy Fausto Biloslavo 37 Military Center for Strategic Studies
Q UARTERLY NORTH AFRICA – MIDDLE EAST –PERSIAN GULF YEAR IV SPRING 2006 Four Scenarios After Hamas' Victory Hillel Frisch 5 SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE First Quarter Balkan review: trends and evolutions in the region Centro Militare Paolo Quercia 13 di Studi Strategici COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES EASTERN EUROPE CeMiSS Quarterly is a review The rising confrontation between Russia and the West supervised by CeMiSS director, Rear Andrea Grazioso 17 Admiral Luciano Callini. It provides a forum to promote the THE TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS knowledge and understanding of Towards an October Surprise, via Teheran? international security affairs, military Lucio Martino 23 strategy and other topics of significant interest. THE ASIAN PLAYERS: INDIA AND CHINA The opinions and conclusions Find the enemy: China naval strategy and the EU Galileo Project expressed in the articles are those of Nunziante Mastrolia 29 the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Italian Ministry of Defence. AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN The new parliament: an Afghan way to democracy Fausto Biloslavo 37 Military Center for Strategic Studies External Relations Office Palazzo Salviati LATIN AMERICA Piazza della Rovere, 83 00165 – Free Trade Agreements vs. Nationalizations ROME - ITALY United States’ and Venezuela’s confronting influence in Latin tel. 00 39 06 4691 3207 America fax 00 39 06 6879779 Riccardo Gefter Wondrich 59 e-mail [email protected] Quarterly Year IV N°2 - April 2006 North Africa Middle East Persian Gulf FOUR SCENARIOS AFTER HAMAS' VICTORY Hillel Frisch Elections to the Palestinian Legislative Council raised hopes of bringing the classic spoiler Hamas into negotiations, restart a peace process moribund since September 2000 and to set the Palestinians on a peaceful democratic trajectory. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The Social Structure and Organization of A Pakhto Speaking Community in Afghanistan. Evans-Von Krbek, Jerey Hewitt Pollitt How to cite: Evans-Von Krbek, Jerey Hewitt Pollitt (1977) The Social Structure and Organization of A Pakhto Speaking Community in Afghanistan., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1866/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF A PAKHTO SPEAKING COMMUNITY IN AFGHANISTAN Ph. D. Thesis, 1977 Jeffrey H. P. Evans-von Krbek Department of Anthropology University of Durham The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. ABSTRACT The Safi of Afghaniya, one of the tribal sections of the Safi Pakhtuns (Pathans) of Afghanistan, constitute the subject of study in the thesis. -
EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation
European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation October 2018 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation October 2018 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-319-8 doi: 10.2847/639900 © European Asylum Support Office 2018 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: FATA Faces FATA Voices, © FATA Reforms, url, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO COI REPORT PAKISTAN: SECURITY SITUATION — 3 Acknowledgements EASO would like to acknowledge the Belgian Center for Documentation and Research (Cedoca) in the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, as the drafter of this report. Furthermore, the following national asylum and migration departments have contributed by reviewing the report: The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office for Country Information and Language Analysis Hungary, Office of Immigration and Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Office Documentation Centre Slovakia, Migration Office, Department of Documentation and Foreign Cooperation Sweden, Migration Agency, Lifos -
Governance and Militancy in Pakistan's Kyber Agency
December 2011 1 Governance and Militancy in Pakistan’s Khyber Agency Mehlaqa Samdani Introduction and Background In mid-October 2011, thousands of families were fleeing Khyber, one of the seven tribal agencies in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), to refugee camps or relatives living outside of FATA. Their flight was in response to the announcement by the Pakistani military that it was undertaking a fresh round of operations against militant groups operating in the area. Militants have been active in Khyber (and FATA more generally) for several years. Some have used the area as a safe haven, resting between their own military operations in Afghanistan or other parts of Pakistan. Others have competed locally for influence by providing justice or security services, by decrying the ruling elite’s failure to provide these and other services to the local population, or by using force against those people the militants consider threatening or un-Islamic. The Pakistani military’s actions against militants in Khyber have already driven most of these nonstate groups out of the more populated areas and into Khyber’s remote Tirah Valley. But beyond that, the government of Pakistan has failed to implement most of the legal and political changes required to reform Khyber’s dysfunctional governance system to meet the needs of its residents. Khyber Agency is home to some half-million people, all of whom are ethnic Pashtuns from four major tribal groupings: Afridi, Shinwari, Mullagori, and Shalmani. It is also home to the historic Khyber Pass (to Afghanistan’s Nangarhar Province). Khyber Agency covers an area of 2,576 square kilometers, with Mohmand Agency to the north, the district of Peshawar to the east, Orakzai Agency to the south, and Kurram Agency to the west. -
Afghan Opiate Trade 2009.Indb
ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium Copyright © United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), October 2009 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the UNODC Studies and Threat Analysis Section (STAS), in the framework of the UNODC Trends Monitoring and Analysis Programme/Afghan Opiate Trade sub-Programme, and with the collaboration of the UNODC Country Office in Afghanistan and the UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia. UNODC field offices for East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Southern Africa, South Asia and South Eastern Europe also provided feedback and support. A number of UNODC colleagues gave valuable inputs and comments, including, in particular, Thomas Pietschmann (Statistics and Surveys Section) who reviewed all the opiate statistics and flow estimates presented in this report. UNODC is grateful to the national and international institutions which shared their knowledge and data with the report team, including, in particular, the Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan, the Afghan Border Police, the Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and the World Customs Organization. Thanks also go to the staff of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and of the United Nations Department of Safety and Security, Afghanistan. Report Team Research and report preparation: Hakan Demirbüken (Lead researcher, Afghan -
A Case Study of the Bazaar Valley Expedition in Khyber Agency 1908
Journal of Law and Society Law College Vol. 40, No. 55 & 56 University of Peshawar January & July, 2010 issues THE BRITISH MILITARY EXPEDITIONS IN THE TRIBAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BAZAAR VALLEY EXPEDITION IN KHYBER AGENCY 1908 Javed Iqbal*, Salman Bangash**1, Introduction In 1897, the British had to face a formidable rising on the North West Frontier, which they claim was mainly caused by the activities of ‘Mullahs of an extremely ignorant type’ who dominated the tribal belt, supported by many disciples who met at the country shrines and were centre to “all intrigues and evils”, inciting the tribesmen constantly against the British. This Uprising spread over the whole of the tribal belt and it also affected the Khyber Agency which was the nearest tribal agency to Peshawar and had great importance due to the location of the Khyber Pass which was the easiest and the shortest route to Afghanistan; a country that had a big role in shaping events in the tribal areas on the North Western Frontier of British Indian Empire. The Khyber Pass remained closed for traffic throughout the troubled years of 1897 and 1898. The Pass was reopened for caravan traffic on March 7, 1898 but the rising highlighted the importance of the Khyber Pass as the chief line of communication and trade route. The British realized that they had to give due consideration to the maintenance of the Khyber Pass for safe communication and trade in any future reconstruction of the Frontier policy. One important offshoot of the Frontier Uprising was the Tirah Valley expedition during which the British tried to punish those Afridi tribes who had been responsible for the mischief.