A NEW SPECIES of FERULA from TURKEY Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147, 357–361

Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBOJBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4074 The Linnean Society of London, 2005? 2005 1473 357361 Original Article

A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA FROM TURKEY Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147, 357–361. With 2 figures H. DUMAN and M. SA IRO

A new species of Ferula (Apiaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey

( ( Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/147/3/357/2420447 by Gazi University user on 10 December 2020 HAYRI˙ DUMAN* and MEHMET SAG IROG LU

Gazi University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, 06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey

Received April 2004; accepted for publication July 2004

( ( Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sag ırog lu sp. nov. from the Amanos Mountains (C6: Hatay-Turkey) is described and illustrated. It is closely related to F. drudeana Korovin, from which it differs mainly in habit, basal leaves, stem and mericarp features. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147, 357–361.

ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Amanos mountain – Mediterranean – taxonomy – Umbelliferae.

INTRODUCTION low flowers. During a subsequent visit made to collect adequate flowering and fruiting material, it was con- The main source of information on Ferula L. is firmed that this taxon was referable to Ferula. After a Korovin’s monograph of the genus in which he recog- close examination of the account of Ferula in the Flora nized 133 species (Korovin, 1947). Since then, about of Turkey (Pes men, 1972), it was clear that the speci- 50 new species have been described, mostly from , mens were quite different from all Turkish Ferula Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey (Pes men, 1971; Cham- , species. The specimens were also cross-checked with berlain & Rechinger, 1987a). The genus has its great- accounts of Ferula from other floras, such as Flora est concentration of specimens in Central Asia where Iranica (Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a, b), Flora of about 130 out of 180 species occur and c. 100 are Lebanon and Syria (Mouterde, 1986a, b), Flora endemic (Korovin, 1947; Chamberlain & Rechinger, Palaestine (Zohary, 1987a, b), Flora Europaea (Can- 1987a). In Turkey, the first revision of Ferula was car- non, 1968), Flora of the U.S.S.R. (Korovin, 1951), Flora ried out by Pes men (1972) in Davis’s Flora of Turkey , of Egypt (Tackholm, 1974), Flora of Cyprus (Meikle, and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 4, in which he rec- 1977) and compared with specimens in GAZI, ANK ognized 18 species (one of them incompletely known), and HUB herbaria. We decided that our specimens are of which nine are endemic; no new species have been representatives of a species new to science (Fig. 1). added since. A map is provided (Fig. 2) showing the distribution Ferula is a taxonomically difficult genus, because its ( ( of both F. coskunii H. Duman & M. Sag ırog lu and leaves are usually dried up when the fruit is ripe. F. drudeana Korovin based on the localities where we Basal leaves and mature mericarps are essential for found specimens and the citations of Pes men (1972). certain determination. A comprehensive revision of , The authors of plant names follow Brummit & Powel Turkish Ferula has been undertaken by the authors (1992). since 2000 and a large number of specimens have been collected from all over Turkey. An interesting speci- men was( collected from Ziyaret Mountain (Hatay- DESCRIPTION Yayladag ı) by the first author in August 2000. In the ( ( FERULA COSKUNII H. DUMAN & M. SAGIROG LU SP. field, the specimens looked like Ferula at first glance NOV. (FIG. 1) as they lacked bracts, had a prominent sheath and yel- ( Type: Turkey. C6 Hatay: From Hatay( to Yayladag ı *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] road, west of S, enköy, Ziyaret Dag ı, 1150–1200 m,

( ( 358 H. DUMAN and M. SAG IROG LU Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/147/3/357/2420447 by Gazi University user on 10 December 2020

( ( Figure 1. Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagırog lu sp. nov. A: lower part of plant; A(a), ﬁbrous collar; A(b), petiole of basal leaves; A(c), lower sheaths. B: middle and upper sheaths: C: fruiting part of plants. D: ultimate segment of basal leaves. E: dorsal surface of fruit. F: commissural surface of mericarps. G: sections of mericarps; G(a), vittae; G(b), vascular bundle.

A NEW SPECIES OF FERULA FROM TURKEY 359

1 23 456 78910 ripe; dorsal ridges weakly ﬁliform, lateral wings 0.3– 42 0.5 mm wide; stylopodium short, terete; style usually A persistent; stigma capitate; dorsal vittae per vallecula

40 1, commissural vittae 2(-4) and usually near lateral T B U R K E Y wings.

38 Fl. 7–8, calcareous rocky places, clearings of forest, C Adana Gazjantep 1000–1300 m. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/147/3/357/2420447 by Gazi University user on 10 December 2020 Hatay 36 ( Paratype: C6 Hatay: From Hatay to Yaylada road, 0 200 km ( g 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 west of S, enköy, Ziyaret Dag , 1150–1200 m, clearing of ( ( forest, calcareous rock, 16.vii.2002, 36∞02.192¢N, Figure 2. Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagırog lu sp. 36∞06.170¢E, H.Duman 8772 (GAZI, HUB, ANK); ibid. ( ( nov. ( ), F. drudeana Korovin ( ). 20.ix.2002, M.Sag ırog lu 2270 (GAZI); C6 Hatay: Hassa-Dedemli Köyü, Köremez Tepe, 1000–1300 m, clearing forest, calcareous rock, 2.ix.2002, 21.vii.1979, A.Güner 2112 (HUB). 36∞02.192¢N, 36∞06.170¢E, H.Duman 8779 & C.S.Erdu- Specimens examined: F. drudeana Korovin; Turkey. rak (holotype: GAZI, isotypes: ANK, HUB, E). C5 Adana: inter Farasch (Faras, a) et Jagaly (Çakallı), Siehe 403 (iso. E!). C5 Kayseri: Yahyalı, around Diagnosis: Affinis F. drudeanae Korovin sed foliis Çamlıca Köyü, 1400–1500 m, clearings of Juniperus, basalibus 50–90 ¥ 20–40 cm (non 35–60 ¥ 20–40 cm), Abies and Quercus forest, rocky places, 4.vii.2003, M. lamina sparsim crispato-pubescenti (non dense), peti- ( ( Sag ırog lu 2366 & A.Duran (GAZI). olis 30–50 cm et glabris (non 8–20 cm et pubescenti- bus), vagina membranacea et glabra (non papyracea Notes: Ferula coskunii is an endemic species, et puberula), umbellis fructiferis radiis 8–14 (non 16– restricted to the Amanos Mountains (South Anatolia), 22), radiis 1–2 cm (non 4–7 cm), umbellis lateralibus 2 and is representative of the East Mediterranean (mt.) (non 3–9), pedicellis fructiferis 3–5 mm (non 7– element of the Flora. 11 mm), mericarpiis 5–9 ¥ 3–5 mm (non 8–15 ¥ 4– 6 mm), vittis dorsalibus 1 per valleculam (non 2–3), Conservation status: This species is known from only vittis commissuralibus 2 (non 6–10) recedit. two locations, so it is considered ‘Endangered’ (criterion B1 a). It could also be categorized as ‘Critically Description: Perennial herbs. ROOTSTOCK thick, cylin- Endangered’ (criterion B2) for its known ‘area of occu- dric, 1–4 cm diam., dense fibrous collar present pancy’ which is not more than one square kilometre <10 cm long. STEM 80–225 cm, terete, sulcate, ± glau- and population size estimated to fewer than 100 cous, glabrous, 0.5–1.5 cm diam. at the base. BASAL mature individuals (criterion C). We conclude that LEAVES triangular-ovate in outline, 50–90 ¥ 20–40 cm; Ferula coskunii must be classified as ‘Critically petioles long, 30–50 cm, terete, sulcate and glabrous; Endangered (CR)’ based on its ‘area of occupancy’, lamina 6–7-pinnate, ultimate segments linear-lan- although it is known from two locations (IUCN, 2001). ceolate, 0.5–2(-3) ¥ 0.2–0.4 mm, acute-acuminate, sparsely crisped-pubescent. All sheaths linear- Ecology: Flowering in July and August, fruiting in lanceolate, weakly inflated, membraneous, sulcate, September. This new species grows in calcareous rocky glaucous, glabrous; lower and middle sheaths amplex- places at 1000–1300 m with Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., icaul, 5–15 ¥ 1–3 cm, lamina reduced, 3–5-pinnate; Quercus infectoria Olivier ssp. boissieri (Reut.) upper sheaths subamplexicaul, 2–10 ¥ 1–2 cm, lamina O.Schwarz, Q. coccifera L., Calicotome villosa (Poir.) obsolete or a few segments. INFLORESCENCE lax and Link, Jasminum fruticans L., Laurus nobilis L., long branched paniculate; lateral branches ascending, Styrax officinalis L., Fraxinus ornus L., Pistacia tere- to 30 cm; bracts like sheath present at base of lateral binthus L. ssp. palaestina (Boiss.) Engl., Ferulago branches (1–3 ¥ 0.5–2 cm); central umbels short- antiochia Saya & Miski (endemic), Phlomis longifolia peduncled (0.5–1 cm), rays (4-)8–14(-18), 1–2(-3) cm, Boiss. & Balansa var. longifolia, Sideritis huber-mor- usually subequal, lateral umbels usually 2, thin and athii Greuter & Burdet (endemic), Stachys pumila long-peduncled, usually sterile; umbellules 20–35- Banks & Sole (endemic). flowers, fruiting pedicels 3–5(-7) mm, subequal. BRACTEOLES usually absent, rarely 2–4, linear-lan- Etymology: This new species is named in honour of ceolate, 0.5–1 mm, caducous. SEPALS obsolete. PETALS Prof. Dr Maksut Cos, kun, pharmacologist at Ankara yellow, glabrous, 1.5–2 mm, reflexed. MERICARPS ellip- University, Pharmacy Faculty, who specializes in the tic-oblong, 5–9 ¥ 3–5 mm, dark green-brown when chemistry of Umbelliferae.

© 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 147, 357–361 ( ( 360 H. DUMAN and M. SAG IROG LU ( ( Table 1. Comparison of the diagnostic characters of Ferula coskunii H. Duman & M. Sagırog lu sp. nov. and F. drudeana Korovin

Characters F. coskunii F. drudeana

Rootstock 1–4 cm diam. 3–8 cm diam. Length of fibrous collar 5–10 cm 2–5 cm Stem 0.5–1.5 cm diam. at base 3–5 cm diam. at base Basal leaves (in outline) 50–90 ¥ 20–40 cm 35–60 ¥ 20–40 cm Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/147/3/357/2420447 by Gazi University user on 10 December 2020 Petioles of basal leaves 30–50 cm, glabrous 8–20 cm, pubescent Lamina of basal leaves sparsely crispate-pubescent densely crispate-pubescent Sheath membraneous, weakly inflated, glabrous papery, inflated, puberulent Inflorescence lax branched paniculate paniculate-corymbose Rays of central umbels (4-) 8–14 (-18); 1–2 (-3) cm (10-)16–22; (-3) 4–7 cm Lateral umbels 2 3–9 Umbellules 20–35-flowered 12–25-flowered Fruiting pedicels 3–5 (-7) mm (5-) 7–11 mm Mericarps 5–9 ¥ 3–5 mm, dark green when ripe 8–15 ¥ 4–6 mm, brown when ripe Dorsal ridges of mericarps weakly filiform conspicuously filiform Dorsal vittae 1 per vallecula 2–3 per vallecula Commissural vittae 2 (-4) 6–10

DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This new species is very distinct, with no obvious We wish to thank Gazi University (Project no: FEF 05/ allies in Turkey, Europe and Iran, due to its weakly 2003–62) and TUBITAK (Project no: TBAG-1853) for inflated membraneous sheaths, its smaller fruit and financial support. fewer dorsal and commisural vittae. After thorough studies using the Flora of Turkey (Pes men, 1972), , REFERENCES Flora Iranica (Chamberlain & Rechinger, 1987a, b) and Flora Europaea (Cannon, 1968), the closest spe- Brummitt RK, Powell CE. 1992. Authors of plant names. cies to our new species appears to be F. drudeana Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Korovin. It clearly differs from F. drudeana in having Cannon JFM. 1968. Ferula L. In: Tutin TG, Heywood VH, longer and glabrous petioles on the basal leaves (not Burges NA, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA, eds. Flora short and pubescent); sheath weakly inflated, mem- Europaea, Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, braneous, glabrous (not obviously inflated, papery and 358–359. puberulent); rays of central umbel shorter, lateral Chamberlain DF, Rechinger KH. 1987a. Ferula L. In: Rech- umbels always 2 (not 3–9); pedicels shorter and fruit inger KH, ed. Flora Iranica. Graz: Akademische Druck-u, smaller and dorsal and commissural vittae fewer. Verlagsanstalt, 387–425. More detailed comparison of the new species with rel- Chamberlain DF, Rechinger KH. 1987b. Ferula L. In: Rech- evant species is given Table 1. inger KH, ed. Flora Iranica. Graz: Akademische Druck-u, While F. drudeana was previously known only from Verlagsanstalt, 317–384. IUCN. 2001. IUCN red list categories, Version 3.1. Gland and the type locality according to the Flora of Turkey, Cambridge: IUCN Species Survival Commission. Pimenov et al. (1998) have now collected it from Korovin EP. 1947. Generis Ferula (Tourn.) L. Monographia Arslanköy (I˙ çel province). Thus this species is known Illustrata. Taschkent Graz: Academiae Scientiarum UzRSS, from two separate locations (Pes, men, 1972; Pimenov 91pp. et al., 1998). During fieldwork at the type locality in Korovin EP. 1951. Ferula L. In: Schısckın BK, ed. Flora of the 2003, we collected some specimens of F. drudeana and USSR, Vol. XVII. (Umbelliflorae). Moscow, Leningrad: Aka- compared them with the new species, confirming that demii Nauk SSSR, 44–101. our specimens are clearly different from F. drudeana. Meikle RD. 1977. Ferula L. In: Meikle RD, ed. Flora of The Amanos mountain range is a floristically inter- Cyprus, Vol. 1. Kew: Bentham-Moxon Trust and Royal esting area, in that it lies between the Mediterranean Botanic Gardens, Kew, 752–754. phytogeographical region and the Anatolian Diagonal. Mouterde SJ. 1986a. Ferula L. In: El-Machreq D, ed. Nou- The area is very rich in endemic plants especially in velle Flore Du Liban et de la Syrıe, Tome, II Texte. Beyrouth, the family Umbelliferae. 639–643.

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