12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing 321st Bombardment Group History: April 1943

------For my dad, Colonel John “Jack” Fitzgerald, U.S. Army (retired)

“Lil Butch” John T. Fitzgerald, SMSgt, U.S. Air Force (retired) ------12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing (M) 321st Bombardment Group (M) History: April 1943

The following is a compilation of the 321st Bomb Group’s Headquarters and individual Squadron War Diaries. They have been transcribed word for word, from the Squadron Histories provided by the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA), Maxwell Air Force Base Alabama. At the end of each Squadron’s daily entry, the individuals cited in the entry are identified by full name, rank and duty, in alphabetical order. The day’s entry begins with the Tactical Operations Statement, from the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Chronology, for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO). The history also includes mission reports, mission crew rosters, Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR), personal mission logs, journals, and diaries made available by various sources.

Invitation

Anyone who has documentation pertaining to the 321st Bomb Group or its members, and would like to have it included in this history, is welcome to participate. Copies of: photos (official or personal); orders (promotion, decoration, travel, etc.); Mission Reports; Missing Air Crew Reports; personal diaries, logs, journals, etc; other documentation; or information that will help identify hi-lited individuals will be greatly appreciated, as one of my goals is to correctly identify every man and plane assigned to the 321st Bomb Group.

My only interest in this project is to honor those who served by perpetuating their story, and making it available for future generations, particularly the families and friends of our Great Heroes. If you are interested in helping, or if I may be of assistance in finding information about your 321st BG Hero, please contact me at: [email protected]

Special Thanks to Very Special Folks

Agostino Alberti: Professor - historian (Soncino, Italy) Michele Becchi: aviation history - archaeologist (Reggio Emilia, Italy) Jack Brellenthin, great nephew of: Harold Ray Brellenthin, 2Lt, pilot, 446th BS Cecile Burandt, daughter of: Charles Lawson “Chuck” Burandt, Capt, pilot, 446th BS Sally Brown, daughter of: Barnard H. Seegmiller, Sgt, armament, 445th BS Dave Charville, grandson of: Leighton Daniel “Danny” Charville, 1Lt, pilot, 445th BS Barbara Connolly, daughter of: Edward Charles “Salvo” Ennis, T/Sgt, radar-radio- gunner, 447th BS 1Lt Robert S. Crouse: pilot, 379BS Ralph “Monguse” Gimenez: Software Architect, IL2-FB Skinner Bob Haney, son of: Vincent M. Haney, M/Sgt, flight engineer, 341st BG Ed Haney, cousin of: Gale Monroe Dickson, Capt, pilot, 446th BS Special Thanks to Very Special Folks (continued)

Jim Hawkins, son of: Frank B. “Pancho” Hawkins, 2Lt, pilot, 381st BS John Hughes, son of: John Jerome “Jack” Hughes, 1Lt, bombardier, 446th BS Patti Johnson: genealogist, proofer, and family friend of: James Raymond Orechia, T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 446th BS Don Kaiser, son of: Quentin C. Kaiser, T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 489th BS John Lanza, nephew of: William A. Lanza, Sgt, gunner, 446th BS Stephanie Lile, daughter of: Keith B. Lile, S/Sgt, gunner, 445th BS 1st Lt Joseph A. Malec: bombardier, 448th BS and friend of: Vernon Curtis Dossey, Capt, pilot, 448th BS Vince Mango, son of: Vincent A. “Vince” Mango, S/Sgt, aerial gunner, 447th BS John J. McCarthy: Sgt, engineer-gunner, bombardier, 447th BS Lorraine McRae, daughter of: James Arrington McRae, 1Lt, bombardier, 446th BS T/Sgt Rocco F. “Rocky” Milano & daughter Peggy Chatham: Crew Chief of Peg O' My Heart, Lil Butch, and Haulin' Ass, 446th BS Bob Ritger, nephew of: Frederic Charles Ritger, 1Lt, pilot, 446th BS Irving J. Schaffer: T/Sgt, radio-gunner, photographer, 448th BS 1st Lt Frederick H. Smith: pilot, 447th BS Marsha Gurnee Suszan, daughter of: Clarence E. “Shine” Gurnee, S/Sgt, gunner, 448thBS Dominique Taddei: author, U.S.S. Corsica (Corsica) S/Sgt George B. Underwood: gunner, 381st BS David Waldrip, nephew of: Robert Laseter Waldrip, T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 447th BS Vinny J. White, son of: Joseph P. White, T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 381st BS S/Sgt, Harry (NMI) Yoa: engineer-gunner, 445th BS

Crew lists

Aircraft information - serial #, name, etc Sometimes used P Pilot Bomb/Nav Bombardier-Navigator CP Co-pilot BN Bombardier-Navigator N Navigator EG Engineer-gunner B Bombardier RG Radio-gunner E Engineer-gunner TG Turret gunner R Radio-gunner AG Aerial gunner G Gunner PH Photographer F Photographer AP Aerial photographer CL Cannon Loader (on B-25G) CC Crew Chief O Observer

Acronyms & Abbreviations

A/C: Aircraft M/G: Machine Gun A/D: Aerodrome MIA: Missing In Action AE: Aerial Engineer M/T: Motor Transport (Truck) A/F: Air Field, also Anti-Flak MTB: Motor Torpedo Boat AA or AAA: Anti-Aircraft (Artillery) M/V: Military Vessel, Maritime Vessel abs: absent M/Y: Marshalling Yards AGL: Above Ground Level MC: Maintenance Crew ALO: Allied Liaison Officer NARA: National Archives and Records Administration ALW: Alive and Well NASAF: Northwest African Strategic Air Force AMGOT: Allied Military Government for NATC - Northwest African Training Occupied Territories Command A.R.C.: American Red Cross NATOUSA: North Atlantic Theater of Operations USA ASC: Air Support Command Nav: Navigator ASN: Army Serial Number (personnel) N.B.S.: National Bureau of Standards Assg: Assigned NC: Nurse Corps. ASV: Anti-Surface Vessel (radar) NCO: Non-Commissioned Officer ATA: Actual Time of Arrival Nickels: propaganda Leaflets ATC: Air Transportation Command (NMI): No Middle Initial ATS: Air Transport Service - also Army NOK: Next Of Kin Telegraph Service Azon: Azimuth only (guided bomb) NRO: National Reconnaissance Office BC: Bomber Command OAF: Occupation Air Forces BIC: Bruised in Crash OD: Officer of the day, also Olive Drab Bmb: Bombardier OLC: Oak Leaf Cluster Bn: Battalion OTU: Operational Training Unit B.R.L.: Ballistic Research Laboratory PAX: Passengers BSM: Bomb System Maintenance PDI: Pilot Direction Indicator CA: Heavy Cruiser POE: Point of Embarkation CAVU: Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited POW: Prisoner of War (also PW) C.B.I.: China-Burma-India Theater PRO-Kit: Individual Chemical Prophylactic packet C/D: Coastal Defense PW: Prisoner of War (also POW) CE: Circular Error PWB: Psychological Warfare Branch CEP: Circular Error Probable PX: Post Exchange Chaff (US term): Radar countermeasure: QBB: Base of cloud tiny strips of aluminum, metalized glass fiber, or plastic. See Window CL: Cannon Loader QDM: Course to steer CO: Commanding Officer QM: Quarter Master CG: Commanding General R/B: Road Bridge CP: Command Post RC: Red Cross CQ: Charge of Quarters R/J: Road Junction C/S: Call Sign R/Y: Railroad Yards CWS: Chemical Warfare Service Repl: Replacement D/H: Direct Hit RMC: Returned to Military Control DD: Destroyer RON: Remain OverNight DED: Declared Dead - no body or remains RR/B: Railroad Bridge found Demo: Demolition RR/J: Railroad Junction DL: Dead List RR: Railroad DNB: Died Non-Battle / Died Not-Battle RTD: Returned To Duty DOW: Died Of Wounds. R/V: Rendezvous DOWRIA: Died of Wounds Received in S-1: Administration Action DS: Detached Service S-2: Intelligence E/A: Enemy Aircraft S-3: Operations E/F: Enemy Fighter S-4: Supply EM or E/M: Enlisted Men SAP: Semi-Armor Piercing ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival SD: Special Duty ETIR: Estimated Time In Route S/E: Single Engine (plane) EUS: Evacuated to the United States S.E.: Special Equipment (Shoran) E/V: Enemy Vessel S/F: Siebel Ferry F Boat: Flying Boat sk: sick F/L: Formation Leader - also Flight Leader S/M: Submarine FO or F/O: Flying Officer SO: Special Order FOD: Finding Of Death SOI: Standard Operating Instructions? Frag: Fragmentation S/P: Sea Plane F.S.: Flight Section Sq: Squadron GLO: Ground Liaison Officer (UK) Sqdn: Squadron GO: General Order SWA: Seriously Wounded in Action GP: General Purpose/Gun Position T/A: Target Area GTC: General Time Convention (railroad) T/C: Troop Concentration HE: High Explosive T/E: Twin Engine (plane) IAS: Indicated Air Speed TAC: Theater Allied Command I & E: Information & Education TBF: Tactical Bomber Force I.F.F.: Identification, Friend or Foe TD: Temporary Duty (i. o.): Initials Only (initial is the name) TDY: Temporary Duty IP: Initial Point TLC: Tactical Landing Craft KNB: Killed Not Battle TO: Take-Off (time), also Technical Order, and Transportation Officer KIA: Killed In Action T/O: Table of Organization L/A: Landing Area TOT: Time Over Target/Time On Target LC: Landing Craft Trfd: Transferred L/G: Landing Ground TWX: Teletypewriter Message Lox: Liquid Oxygen u/i: Unidentified, also unit of issue L/S: Landing Strip UNRRA: United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration L/V: Large Vehicle Very Pistol or Verey Pistol: Flare gun LST: Landing Ship Tank VOCO: Verbal Order of the Commanding Officer Ltr: Letter WC: Water closet LWA: Lightly Wounded in Action W.O.: Warrant Officer MACR: Missing Air Crew Report WIA: Wounded In Action MATS: Military Air Transport Service Window (British term): Radar countermeasure: tiny strips of aluminum, metalized glass fiber, or plastic. See Chaff WP: White Phosphorus (bombs) WT, W/T: Watch Tower XC: Cross Country ZI: Zone of Interior (U.S.A.)

Thursday, 1 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, P-40's escort bomber missions. Medium and light bombers hit parked airplanes and AA batteries at El Maou Airfield at Sfax.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, during the night of 31 Mar/1 Apr, RAF Wellingtons bomb the Bizerte docks and Karouba Bay seaplane base. During the day, A-20's bomb La Fauconnerie and El Djem Airfields. Fighters, carrying out reconnaissance missions over wide areas of Tunisia, attack motor transport, tanks, and guns in the Sidi Mansour-Djebel Tebaga areas. British medium and light bombers and fighters hit gun positions N of Oued el Akarit and hit the Sfax-El Maou Airfield. The 17th Bombardment Squadron (Light), 27th Bombardment Group (Light) with A-20's transfers from Nouvion, Algeria to Ras El Ma, French Morocco. The 96th Fighter Squadron, 92nd Fighter Group with P-38's transfers from Telergma, Algeria to Berteaux, Algeria.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: There was no mission today. The crew chiefs and sheet metal men are having to work overtime in order to get the ships back in flying condition.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: We got our first ration of cigarettes and candy today. We are supposed to get an issue each week from now on.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Friday, 2 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, during the night of 1/2 Apr, RAF Liberators, under the operational control of the IX Bomber Command, bomb the ferry terminal at Messina and the airfield at Crotone. During the day, 2 B-24's on a special mission bomb the ferry terminals at Messina and Villa San Giovanni; 27 B-24's sent against Naples find the target totally obscured by clouds; 9 bomb the area through overcast and 3 bomb Augusta and Crotone.

In Sicily, 24 B-24's sent to attack Palermo abort because of heavy clouds over the target.

In Tunisia, P-40's fly 9 armored reconnaissance and 6 fighter-bomber and escort missions.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, B-25's and A-20's bomb the airfield at La Fauconnerie.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: No mission again today. Sgt. Brainard and St. Krzyzanowski are both reported being in critical condition. Brainard, Walter R., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Krzyzanowski, Frank J., Sgt, gunner

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Usual garrison duties.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Saturday, 3 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, B-25's bomb the Sfax-El Maou area during the night of 2/3 Apr. P-40's fly fighter-bomber missions N of Gabes. HQ, 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) and its 434th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) with B-25's transfer from El Assa, Libya to Medenine, Tunisia.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): Weather cancels Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) bomber operations.

In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters strafe tanks and trucks at Kebira and Jabal Nasir Allah, and claim 14 aircraft downed in aerial combat over Djebel Berda. B-25's bomb the airfield at Sainte-Marie du Zit. Western Desert Air Force (WDAF) light bombers hit motor transport and gun positions N of Oued el Akarit. HQ, 81st Fighter Group and its 93rd Fighter Squadron with P-39's transfer from Thelepte, Tunisia to Bone, Algeria to patrol the coast of Africa and protect Allied shipping in the Mediterranean.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: No mission today. Lt. McLaughlin and his crew who had to turn back at Nassau on the trip over arrived today. Sgt. Binkowski, Lt. McLaughlin’s gunner has grown a fine beard and mustache. The whole crew look in top shape. Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt, turret gunner McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Six of our planes were scheduled to go on a mission today but the mission was cancelled because of bad weather.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Sunday, 4 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, B-24's attack Naples, concentrating on the dock area.

In Sicily, RAF Liberators, under operational control of the IX Bomber Command, bomb Palermo. The 83rd Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) with B-25's transfers from El Assa, Libya to Medenine, Tunisia.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Italy, B-25's bomb small shipping at Carloforte on San Pietro Island. B-17's hit Capodichino Airfield and the marshalling yards at Naples.

In Tunisia, P-38's dive-bomb a beached freighter off Cape Zebib. Other P-38's escort the bombing raids. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) A-20's hit La Fauconnerie Airfield while B-25's hit El Djem and Sainte-Marie du Zit airfields. Fighters accompany light and medium bombers on attacks, and carry out numerous patrols, reconnaissance flights, and fighter sweeps over the battle areas of Tunisia. The 16th Bombardment Squadron (Light), 27th Bombardment Group (Light) with A-20's transfers from Nouvion, Algeria to Ras el Ma, French Morocco. The 111th Observation Squadron, 68th Observation Group with A-20's and P-39's transfers from Oujda, French Morocco to Guercif, French Morocco.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The sixteenth mission took off at 1105 on April 4, 1943 with 15 planes to bomb boats at Carloforte. Three planes returned early. The other 15 planes dropped 167 hundred-pound demolition bombs at 1250 from 6,000 feet. Fifteen planes returned at 1430. It is estimated that 9 fishing boats were hit. A direct hit was made on a medium-size coaster and piers, docks, buildings along the shore, warehouses and a light- house were also hit. Heavy, black smoke was seen at the hangar from the boat-yard and areas north and south of the light-house. About 50 boats were observed, all of them small. It was estimated that 40 percent of the bombs hit the target. Flight leaders were Capt. Sampson and Capt. Schwane. Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Maj, pilot, Commander, 447th BS Schwane, Henry H., Lt Col, pilot, Commander, 446th BS The seventeenth mission took off at 1400 on April 4, 1943 with 18 planes to bomb the landing ground at El Djem. One plane returned early. The other 17 planes dropped 1,140 twenty-pound frag bombs at 1545 from 6,000 feet. The planes returned at 1715. Two big planes, possibly transports, were seen burning and two others seen to explode. Four or five others were seen hit however dust obscured our vision. Planes were not well dispersed. Two fires were set on the runway. Two columns of smoke seen from the center of the field. At least 25 single-engine planes were observed. One pilot Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued) described the target area as “looking like an orchard springing up all over the Italy.” All bombs well in the target area. A direct hit was seen on a convoy of trucks on a road east of the target. One antiaircraft emplacement on the field was silenced by machine-gun fire and one by bombs. One missing plane was seen by fighters to land in enemy territory after flying on one engine from the target area. Location was not yet determined, in which area the plane was forced down at the time of this critique. Flak was intense and heavy from roof–tops in El Djem, especially from the coliseum and northwest of it. This was later suggested as a possible target. Flak was intense, accurate and heavy from Bou Thaci and from about a five-mile radius in El Djem and another at La Smala des Souassi. The flak was by far the heaviest this group has yet encountered. The largest bursts yet seen, were reported at 6,000 feet. Light flak was also intense, when planes came down after leaving the target. Large planes were seen in revetments on the north side of the groves and they were placed wing-tip to wing-tip. Flight leaders were Capt. Heinlen and Lieut. Culp. After this mission, the following men were reported as missing in action: Lieut. Roy D. Adcock, Lieut. Richard S. Johnson, Lieut. Raymond D. Hill, Sgt. Spencer M. Lippincott, Sgt. Hugh A. Boyd and Sgt. Theodore C. Campbell. Culp, Merle H., Capt, pilot, 448th BS Heinlen, Clayton H., Maj, pilot, Commander, 448th BS 445th BS downed Crew: Adcock, Roy Dale, 2Lt, pilot Boyd, Hugh A., Sgt, gunner Campbell, Theodore W., S/Sgt, gunner Hill, Raymond DeWitt, Jr., 2Lt, bombardier Johnson, Richard S., 2Lt, pilot Lippincott, Spencer H., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner

HQ 321st BG Communications Log: 11:05 Fifteen (15) B-25’s took off. Harbor at CARLOFORTE.

12:00 Telephone message from Colonel KELLOG. “EL DJEM L/G (Juicy) V- 6897 Rendezvous 36 P-40’s and 24 Spitfires, 2 circles 1510A at 2000 feet. SBEITLA – T1873; alternate BAHIRA LAKE”.

14:00 Eighteen (18) B-25’s took off. L/G at EL DJEM. One (1) A/C returned early.

14:30 Fifteen (15) A/C returned.

16:40* From RIDENOUR, received Operations Order number twenty (20), pertaining to Missions for April 5, 1943.

17:15 Sixteen (16) A/C returned. One A/C missing (41-13183 – ADCOCK), landed in enemy territory after flying on one engine from target area— location not determined.

21:40* From RIDENOUR, received Annex one (1) to Operations Order number twenty (20). Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

22:40 Telephone message from Colonel KELLOG. “Frequency channel “D”, First Fighter Group at 4000 feet; same time as 82nd Group”. (JPB).

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 17/mission 16) Group Mission # 16: ------Mission Report # 16, 4 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1105 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ boats at Carloforte. ___3___ Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early. __15___ dropped 167x100 lb. demolition bombs at 1250 from 6000 ft. No. A/C No. & Type Time Altitude __15__ returned at 1430. No. A/C Time

3. Estimated hit 9 fishing boats. Also direct hit on medium size coaster. Hit piers and docks, buildings, along shore, warehouses and lighthouse. Heavy black smoke seen at hangar, from boatyard, and areas north and south of lighthouse. Bombing pattern was wide and somewhat over. Estimated that 40% of bombs hit target area.

4. Air-- None Marine--About 50 small boats “exactly as in photo”.

Flak--None.

Land--One man reports buildings resembling warehouses and shed on Piana Island.

5. To target--CAVU

Target--cumulus cloud over center of island.

Return--CAVU

6. None.

Flight leaders--Captain Sampson, Captain Schwane. Observers--Capt. Canning.

Number of sorties flown this date--15

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 5 April 1943

A-3 REPORT First Mission of 4 April 1943

1. Target: Small shipping in Carloforte harbor. 2. Aircraft: NO. Scheduled: 18; No. off: 18; No. returned early: 3. 3. Take off: 1105 to 1114. 4. Route out: 25° for 231 miles; 6° for 6 miles; 61° for 10 miles. 5. Assault: NE to SW – 6,000 feet. 60 sec. – Bomb Run – 240 m.p.h. 6. Route Back: 174° for 16 miles; 251° for 49 miles; 200° for 201 miles. 7. Return of mission: 15 airplanes returned at 1430. 8. Bombs dropped: 167 x 100 lb. demolition bombs; 13 x 100 lb. returned; none jettisoned; instantaneous fuses use. 9. Results of mission: Estimated hit 9 fishing boats. Also direct hit on medium size coaster. Hit piers and docks, buildings alongshore, warehouse and lighthouse. Heavy black smoke seen at hangar, and from boatyard. Estimated that 40% of bombs hit target area. 10. Enemy Action: None. 11. Escort: By approximately 25 P-38’s of 82nd Fighter Group. Rendezvous locally. 12. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 13. Enemy Aircraft Losses: None. 14. Sorties: 15. 15. Coordinations: P-38 escort. 16. Remarks: None. ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 18/mission 17) Group Mission # 17: ------Mission Report # 17, 4 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1400 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ landing ground at El Djem. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target __1____ returned early. __17___ dropped 1140x20lb. frag. bombs at 1545 from No. A/C No A/C No. & Type Time _6000 ft. __16___ returned at 1715. Altitude No. A/C Time Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

3. Two big planes possibly transports were seen burning, and two others to explode. 4 or 5 others were seen hit before dust obscured vision, planes were not well dispersed. Two fires were set near runway. Two columns of smoke rose from center of field. At least 25 S/S planes were observed, other pilots report a “large number”. One pilot describes target area as “looking like an orchard springing up all over the field.” All bombs fell in target area. A direct hit was made on convoy of trucks on road E of target. One AA emplacement on field was silenced by M/G fire and one by bombs. One missing plane was seen by fighters to land in enemy territory after flying on one engine from target area. Location not yet determined.

4. Air--Short burst at one ME-109. 3 S/E planes were seen taking off, and the escort dog fighting in distance. Marine--None. Flak--Was intense and heavy from rooftops in El Djem, especially from the coliseum and N of it. This is suggested as a possible target. Flak was intense, accurate, and heavy from Bou Thadi and from about a five mile radius at 35°10’N, 10°25’E, a similar area centered at El Djem, and another at La Smala des Souassi. The flak was by far the heaviest this group has yet encountered.

The largest bursts yet seen were reported at 6000 ft. Light flak was also intense when planes came down after leaving target on northwesterly heading. Flak trucks followed on the road running NNW of target.

A battery of 4 or 5 guns was reported on a knoll at north end of field.

Land--Large planes were seen in revetments on north of groves at L-10 and N-13 on TC 0-11-NA, groves at P-9 and R-10 were reported full of planes wing tip to wing tip.

15 fighters were on S. side of road from El Djem 5 miles west of target.

5. Enroute--CAVU. Target--CAVU. Return--CAVU.

6. None. Flight leaders—Captain Heinlen, Lt. Culp. Number of sorties flown this date--32 Fighter escort excellent. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued) ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 5 April 1943 A-3 REPORT Second Mission of 4 April 1943 1. Target: El Djem L/G.

2. Aircraft: NO. Scheduled: 18; No. off: 18; No. returned early: 1.

3. Take off: 1400 to 1408.

4. Route out: 130° for43 miles; 118° for 57 miles; 105° for 53½ miles; 99° for 80 miles; 52° for 10 miles.

5. Assault: -S-to-N- 5,500 feet. 40 sec. – RUN – 245 m.p.h.

6. Route Back: 267° for 80 miles; 292° for 153 miles.

7. Return of mission: 16 airplanes returned at 1715.

8. Bombs dropped: 1140 x 20 lb. frag; none jettisoned; 84 returned.

9. Results of mission: All bombs fell in the target area.

10. Enemy Action: Flak was intense, accurate, and heavy. Escorting pursuit engaged all E/A.

11. Escort by: 36 P-40’s and 24 Spitfires from SBEITLA.

12. Own Aircraft Losses: One B-25-C, No. 41-13183, hit by flak over target – feathered – right engine and continued to fly. Dropped from formation and when last seen was headed towards lines at 1,200 feet.

13. Enemy Aircraft Losses: Not known.

14. Sorties: 17.

15. Coordinations: P-40 and Spitfire escort.

16. Remarks: Fighter escort excellent. ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 17/mission 16) Group Mission # 16: Mission: Squadron # 11, No Sorties: 6 ships joined the Group formation to bomb small craft in Carloforte harbor Sardinia, takeoff being 11:40. There were no encounters by enemy fighters and no flak. 445th dropped 48 x 100 lb. demolition bombs in train from 6500 ft. The results were very poor.

A/C No. 41-13158 A/C No. 441-13207 “Oh 7” P Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt O’Harra, Roderick E., 2Lt CP Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt Goodwin, Norton (NMI), 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt Evans, James H. “Two-Guns”, 2Lt B Filipowski, Milton R., S/Sgt None listed – likely the navigator E Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., T/Sgt Martine, William E., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt Hendricks, Harold L., T/Sgt G Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt Herbert, Richard J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” P Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt Clinton, Wayne C., 1Lt CP Mamerow, George A., 2Lt Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt N None None B Morse, Arthur E., Sgt Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, S/Sgt E Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt R Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt G Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 42-53373 (only A/C and pilot identified – likely (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) crew is) P Grau, Robert B., 1Lt McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt N None None B McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Choka, Andrew J., S/Sgt Gregory, John N., T/Sgt G Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F None None

Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 18/mission 17) Group Mission # 17: Mission: Squadron # 12: 5 ships joined the Group at 14:00. The target was El Djem airdrome. The escort was Spitfires. 700 rounds of ammunition was expended. 288 x 20 lb frags were dropped in train from 6000 ft. Lt. Adcock and crew failed to return. He was last seen with his left engine smoking. It was later confirmed by two Spitfire pilots that the ship went down behind enemy lines. Sgt. Katz and Sgt. VanHall received minor wounds due to flak.

A/C No. 41-29767 “Flying Patch” A/C No. 41-13183 (MACR-? - Hit by flak – down behind enemy lines) P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt Adcock, Roy Dale, 1Lt CP Asbury, Wilburn (NMI), 2Lt Johnson, Richard S., 2Lt N None Hill, Raymond DeWitt, Jr., 2Lt B Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt None listed – likely the navigator E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Lippincott, Spencer H., S/Sgt R Katz, Paul F., T/Sgt Boyd, Hugh A., T/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Campbell, Theodore W., S/Sgt F Cook, Arnold J., M/Sgt, HQ 321st BG None A/C No. 41-29772 “The Wolf” A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P Kayser, Robert B., Jr., 2Lt Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt CP Kent, William S., 2Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt N None Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt B Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt Cossel, Peter G., Sgt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt Finn, Robert F., T/Sgt R Gallaher, DeWitt C., T/Sgt Chereski, John J., T/Sgt G Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Rudolph, Raymond L. “Rudy”, 2Lt CP Olson, Walter N., 2Lt N None B Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt E Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt R Knight, Irving W., T/Sgt G Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt F None

Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 17/mission 16) Group Mission # 16: Group mission 16, Squadron 8: Six planes led by Major Schwane to Carloforte, Sardinia. 100 lb demolition bombs were used and photos show that target was not hit, except by the 446 element.

A/C No. 41-13197 A/C No. 41-13200 P Taylor, Peter D., 1Lt Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt CP Chappell, Howard L., 1Lt Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt N Beyer, William J., 2Lt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Meehan, James M., 2Lt E McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt R Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt Shields, James A., S/Sgt G Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13208 A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” P Garmon, James M. “Max”, 1Lt Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”, 1Lt CP Martin, John K. “Kirk”, 1Lt Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt N None None B Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt E Mercuri, Ralph W., S/Sgt Travis, Edward J., S/Sgt R Killam, Lloyd D., M/Sgt Sidlik, Theophil S., T/Sgt G Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” A/C No. 41-13196 “Avenger” P Schwane, Henry H. “Hank”, Capt, Lovingood, Willard J., 2Lt Commander CP Orrantia, Gilbert D., 2Lt Cleary, Philip B., 2Lt N McCarter, Elmer H., Capt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Cordes, Jacob H., Jr., 1Lt E Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt Kralicek, Frank C., S/Sgt R Beach, Louis A., T/Sgt Brooks, George C., Pvt G South, William R., S/Sgt Belser, Oscar L., S/Sgt F None Wisnesky, Benjamin H., Pvt

Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 18/mission 17) Group Mission # 17: Group mission 17, Squadron 9. Two planes to El Djem A/D. Frags and 100 lb bombs were used and the field was very well covered. Both heavy and light flak was encountered.

A/C No. 41-29760 “Honky Tonk” A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep Herder” P Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt Cosner, Oliver J. “Ollie”, 1Lt CP Hileman, Donald L. “Buck”, 2Lt Brown, Aud W., 2Lt N Caldwell, Herman B., Jr., 1Lt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Fieldon, Gordon S. “Jack”, S/Sgt E Mitchell, Lance M., S/Sgt Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt R Haley, Woodrow H., Pvt Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt G Dykes, Billy (NMI), S/Sgt Elk, Charles (NMI), S/Sgt F Heistand, John F., S/Sgt Benson, Henry E., Sgt

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 17/mission 16) Group Mission # 16: Six of our planes took off today to participate in a raid on the harbor at Carloforte, Sardinia. One of our planes returned early, five went on the mission and dropped their bombs with fair results.

A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-30002 II” P Shapiro, Leonard L. “Shap”, 2Lt Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Capt, Commander CP Hengel, Edward D., 2Lt Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt Weaver, Charles M. “Jug”, 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator Joseph, Merwin J., 1Lt E Murray, George F., S/Sgt Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Waldrip, Robert Laseter, S/Sgt Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F Rosenblatt, Marvin (NMI), Sgt, 9th None Combat Camera A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated A/C No. 41-12997 “Southern Belle” Lady” P Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt Andrews, Austin D. “Andy”, 1Lt CP Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt N Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt Tate, Roy W., 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator None listed – likely the navigator E Nelson, James E., S/Sgt Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt R Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt Carrin, Joseph S., S/Sgt G Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt Tornio, Raymond A., Sgt F None None Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” P McDuff, Daniel R. “Ruff Stuff”, 2Lt CP Nixon, Donald O., 2Lt N Colby, John W., 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator E Lalum, Luther I., S/Sgt R Jackson, Edward B., T/Sgt G Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt F None

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 18/mission 17) Group Mission # 17: One of our planes took part in a second mission today. The target was the landing ground at El Djem. All of our planes returned safely form these missions.

A/C No. 41-29759 “Kentucky Ridge Runner” P Morton, William H. “Mort”, 1Lt CP Morganti, Clyde J., 2Lt N Black, Donald (NMI) “Blackie”, 1Lt B None listed – likely the navigator E O’Donnell, Vincent T., S/Sgt R Fryer, John R., T/Sgt G DesJardins, Patrick H., S/Sgt F None

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 17/mission 16) Group Mission # 16: (448th BS did not participate)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 18/mission 17) Group Mission # 17: Mission 12 (17): At 14:00 18 planes off to bomb L/G at El Djem, one plane returned early and 17 dropped frags at 15:45 from 6000 feet. 16 planes returned at 17:50. 2 large planes were seen burning and 4 or 5 S/E planes hit, dust obscured further observation, target considered well covered. One plane (Lt. Adcock-445) was seen landing in enemy territory. Little enemy activity observed. Intense, heavy, accurate flak. Weather: CAVU. F/L: Heinlen and Culp.

Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13170 A/C No. 41-29765 P Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt Hardzog, Walter A., Jr., 1Lt CP Bowman, William W., 2Lt McCurry, Milton L., 1Lt N None Cheetham, McClain (NMI), 2Lt B Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt Abrams, Carl V., 2Lt E Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt Ripple, William E. “Rip”, S/Sgt R Lingenfelter, Richard L., S/Sgt Featherstone, Charles A. “Pappy”, T/Sgt G Mahan, John J., S/Sgt Wallace, John R., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29774 A/C No. 41-13163 P Culp, Merle H., 1Lt Ford, Charles L. “Junior”, Jr., 1Lt CP Stewart, John C., 2Lt Bruton, John E., 2Lt N Boland, Chester H., 2Lt None B Reich, William John, 2Lt Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt E Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt R Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt G Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt White, George E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” P Moore, Leland A., 1Lt Buchenau, Harry T., 2Lt CP Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt N None None B Petrich, Raymond George, 2Lt Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt E Polinsky, Marvin J., S/Sgt Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt R Teinowitz, Norman P., S/Sgt Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt G Ryal, Clarence M., S/Sgt Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29770 A/C No. 41-29776 P Clough, Bernard L., 1Lt Isaacson, Clayton M. “Ike”, 1Lt CP Jacobson, Norman S., 2Lt Brandt, Joseph R., 2Lt N Kruse, Norman L., 2Lt Hurst, Joseph B., 2Lt B Navigator filling both B & N positions None listed – likely the navigator E Masteller, Harry M., S/Sgt Rohleder, Jack J., S/Sgt R Luck, Jack B., S/Sgt Hilborne, Thomas G., S/Sgt G LaRue, Augustin A., S/Sgt Vance, Paul S., S/Sgt F None Ellison, Travis E., Sgt

Sunday, 4 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-29769 P Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, Commander Davies, Robert D., 1Lt CP DeMuth, Robert D., 2Lt Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt None B Brown, Robert H. “Brownie”, 1Lt Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt E Ridgeway, Robert L., S/Sgt Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt F None None

Monday, 5 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): No Entry

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sicily, during the night of 4/5 Apr, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the Trapani docks and shipping. During the day, B- 17's bomb the airfields at Boccadifalco and Milo.

In Tunisia, B-17's bomb airfields at Sidi Ahmed and Tunis. B-25's hit the airfield at Bo Rizzo and attack a convoy off Cap Bon. P-38's fly several fighter sweeps over the Straits of Sicily. One force of fighters claims 16 airplanes destroyed. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) A-20's hit the Airfield at El Djem and La Fauconnerie. Fighters attack E-boats off Pont-du-Fahs and vehicles S of Bou Hamran, and fly sweeps, reconnaissance, and patrol over the battle area in Tunisia. Western Desert Air Force (WDAF) and Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) aircraft hit motor transport W of Cekhira, bomb Djebel Zitouna Airfield, and strike shipping in the Straits of Sicily. During the day Northwest African Air Force (NAAF) aircraft claim destruction of nearly 50 aircraft in aerial combat. Today starts Operations FLAX (5-22 Apr) which is designed to destroy, in the air and on the ground, enemy air transports and escorts employed in ferrying personnel and supplies to Tunisia. HQ 325th Fighter Group transfers from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Montesquieu, Algeria. The 84th Bombardment Squadron (Light), 47th Bombardment Group (Light) with A-20's transfers from Canrobert, Algeria to Thelepte, Tunisia. The 91st and 93rd Fighter Squadrons, 81st Fighter Group with P-39's transfer from Thelepte, Tunisia to Bone, Algeria.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: On April 5, 1943, mission number eighteen took off at 0615 with 18 planes on a sea search. Two planes returned early. Sixteen planes dropped 70 five-hundred pound bombs from 6,000 and 100 feet at 0935. One plane landed at Bone. The lower element claims 1 destroyer blown to pieces, 2 barges hit and bodies blown from it, 1 vessel smaller than a destroyer hit directly amidships and 1 small escort vessel strafed. The upper element claims 1 direct hit and 2 near misses on M/V, a direct hit amidships on 1 M/V, a direct hit on 1 M/V and several near misses. The crew of the tail- plane saw 3 ships afire and 1 blow up. The bomb pattern covered the convoy excellently. One plane was lost. One landed at Bone with two pilots slightly wounded. From the air, 53 transport planes were observed heading south 77 miles north of Cape Bon. The estimates of the number of ships vary, but at least 3 large M/Vs headed the convoy with highly maneuverable small boats interspersed among them. These M/Vs were followed by smaller vessels, including barges, destroyers and about 6 Seibel Ferries at the rear. Submarines were also reported with the convoy. The flak was directed almost entirely against the lower element. It was light and intense and included some small arm fire. Flight leaders were Maj. Cook and Capt. Schwane. The following men, all of the 446th Bombardment Squadron, were reported as missing in action following this mission: Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

Lieut. Willard J. Lovingood, Lieut. Phillip S. Cleary, Lieut. Jacob H. Cordes, Sgt. Frank C. Kralicek, Sgt. George C Brooks and Sgt. Oscar L. Belser. Cook, Bailey C., Col, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Schwane, Henry H., Lt Col, pilot, Commander, 446th BS 446th BS downed crew: Belser, Oscar L., S/Sgt, turret gunner Brooks, George C., Cpl, radio-gunner Cleary, Philip B., 2Lt, pilot Cordes, Jacob H., Jr., 2Lt, bombardier, navigator Kralicek, Frank C., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot

HQ 321st BG Communications Log:

06:15 Eighteen A/C took off (Sea Sweep). Two (2) A/C returned early.

06:25 Telephone call to Colonel KELLOG. “ALL OFF”. (CWO)

09:49 Thirteen (13) A/C returned.

09:55 One (1) A/C returned. One A/C (41-12963—BRADLEY) landed safely at BONE. One (1) (41-13196—LOVINGOOD) lost: hit by Flak when passing over target, dropped from formation and struck water.

16:20 From RIDENOUR, received Operations Order number twenty-seven (27).

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 19/mission 18) Group Mission # 18: ------Mission Report # 18, 5 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0615 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on _sea search. __1____ returned early. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission No. A/C __16___ dropped _70x500lb. bombs at 0815 from 6000 and 100 ft. __14___ No A/C No. & Type Time Altitude No. A/C returned at 0955. One landed at Bone. Time

3. Lower element claims-- (1) One destroyer blown to pieces (2) Two barges hit and bodies blown from it. (3) Vessel smaller than destroyer hit directly amidships.

Upper element claims— (1) One direct hit and 2 near misses on same M/V. (2) Direct hit amidships one M/V. (3) Direct hit on M/V and several near misses. Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

Crew of tail plane saw 3 ships afire and one blew up. Bomb pattern covered convoy excellently.

One plane lost. One landed at Bone. Two pilots slightly wounded.

4. Air—About 53 transport planes 75 miles SW of Sicily headed S with fighter escort. Marine--Convoy of about 12 vessels 15 miles north of Cape Bon heading 40° at 0815. Estimates of number of ships vary but at least 3 large M/V headed the convoy with highly maneuverable small boats interspersed among them. These M/V were followed by smaller vessels, including barges, destroyers, and about 6 Siebel ferries at the rear. Submarines were also reported with convoy. Flak--Almost entirely against lower element. Light and intense, including small arms.

5. Enroute--Few scattered clouds over land. Target--CAVU except for slight haze. Return--CAVU.

6. None. Number of sorties flown this date--16 Flight leaders--Major Cook, Capt. Schwane. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 5 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 5 April 1943

1. Target: Sea-sweep.

2. Aircraft: No. Scheduled: 18; No. Off: 18; No. returned early: 2.

3. Take off: 0615 to 0625.

4. Route out: Ain M’Lila to Cape De Fee, then to initial point (37°20’N, 11°10’E).

5. Assault: Target approach was Southeast to Northwest. Attack was from the quarter (Hi) rear. The bombing run was at an altitude of 6,000 feet. The indicated air speed was 240 MPH and the bombing run was 45 seconds long.

Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

(Low) The low element attacked at an altitude of 150 feet and hit the target immediately after the high element.

6. Route Back: Formation reassembled and proceeded to Bone, then to Ain M’Lila.

7. Return of mission: 14 A/C returned from 09:49 to 09:55. One A/C landed safely at Bone.

8. Bombs dropped: 96 500 lb. bombs dropped; (54 bombs were equipped with instantaneous fuses and 36 bombs were equipped with 1/10th and .025 second delay fuses). 6 – 500 lb. bombs were salvoed.

9. Results of mission: Target area covered; high element reports one destroyer blown to pieces. 3 direct hits on two (2) barges.

Upper element reports entire area covered and - - Direct hit and 2 near misses on 1 M/V. Direct hit amidships on 1 M/V. Direct hit on M/V and some near misses.

10. Enemy Action: No enemy A/C encountered. Flak encountered by lower element.

11. Escort by: 32 P-38’s of 82nd Group and 24 P-38’s of 1st Fighter Group.

12. Own Aircraft Losses: 1 B-25-C, Serial No. 41-13196. Airplane was flying left wing position in lower element. The airplane was hit by flak when passing over target. The airplane dropped from formation and struck the water. Airplane was seen to break up badly upon striking the water.

13. Enemy Aircraft Losses: None.

14. Sorties: (16)

15. Mission coordinated with 1st and 82nd Fighter Groups.

16. Remarks: None.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS War Diary: The softball team is being formed by the Squadron.

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 19/mission 18) Group Mission # 18: 5 of our ships took off with the Group formation at 06:30 on a sea search. Two 500 lb. demolition bombs were dropped by the 445th. 600 rounds of ammunition was fired. Very little flak and no enemy aircraft was encountered. The Group was credited with having sunk one destroyer, direct hit and near misses were scored on one barge and three large vessels which were afire when the formation left the target.

A/C No. 41-13158 A/C No. 42-53373 P Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander Grau, Robert B., 2Lt CP McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt N Larson, Harold W., 2Lt McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator None listed – likely the navigator E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt R Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt Wright, Warren D., Sgt G Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt Boris, Michael (NMI), Sgt F Pinger, Robert R., Maj, HQ 321st BG None (observer) A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” P Whiteford, Floyd R., 1Lt Miller, Roy N., 2Lt CP Mamerow, George A., 2Lt Asbury, Wilburn (NMI), 2Lt N None None B None listed – likely Eiland, Claude L., Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt 2Lt E Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt R Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt G Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt F None Loveless, Lloyd E., Sgt

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 19/mission 18) Group Mission # 18: Group mission 18, Squadron 10. Eight planes led by Lt. Bradley on a Sea Sweep. 500 lb bombs were dropped and 3 merchant vessels, 1 destroyer, and 3 flak barges were sunk. Lt. Garmon and T. Martin were wounded by light caliber fire. One complete crew was lost, Lt. Lovingood, Lt. Cleary, Lt. Cordes, S/Sgt. Kralicek, and S/Sgt. Belser. Lt. Bradley’s stabilizer and rudder were pretty well shot up and he was forced to make an emergency landing at Bone.

Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13196 “Avenger” A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” (MACR- 14576 - shot down) P Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”, 1Lt CP Cleary, Philip B., 2Lt Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt N None None B Cordes, Jacob H., Jr., 2Lt Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt E Kralicek, Frank C., S/Sgt Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt R Brooks, George C., Cpl Sidlik, Theophil S., T/Sgt G Belser, Oscar L., S/Sgt Haasch, George F., S/Sgt (ASV) F None None A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas A/C No. 41-13208 Traveler” P Williams, Wallace (NMI) “Spike”, Jr., Garmon, James M. “Max”, 1Lt 1Lt CP Morris, Richard Pervis “Big Moe”, Jr., Martin, John K. “Kirk”, 1Lt 2Lt N None None B Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt E McKibben, Walter D., Jr., S/Sgt Mercuri, Ralph W., S/Sgt R Sheehan, William F., S/Sgt Friscia, Frank J., Jr., S/Sgt G Porter, Walter E., S/Sgt Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt F None Leahy, Richard P. “Dick”, S/Sgt (ASV) A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” A/C No. 41-12963 “Missouri Waltz” P Schwane, Henry H. “Hank”, Capt, Bradley, James L. “Jungle Jim”, Jr., 1Lt Commander CP Orrantia, Gilbert D., 2Lt Carr, Philip O., 2Lt N McCarter, Elmer H., Capt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Davis, Sterling (NMI), 2Lt E Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt Martin, William L., S/Sgt R Beach, Louis A., T/Sgt Sheldon, Victor W., T/Sgt G South, William R., S/Sgt Lovell, Curtis L., S/Sgt F Hixon, Sherman (NMI), 1Lt (observer) None A/C No. 41-13192 A/C No. 41-13200 P Porter, Jack Grafton, 1Lt Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt CP Browning, Eugene S. “Squif”, 1Lt Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt N None None B Marek, Joseph Rudolph, 2Lt Meehan, James M., 2Lt E Lytle, Logan Lee, S/Sgt Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John E., T/Sgt Shields, James A., S/Sgt G Halko, John J., S/Sgt Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt F None Olson, Harold E., S/Sgt (ASV)

Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

446th BS: Extracts from Missing Air Crew Report # 14576: The aircraft was seen to crash into the sea while on a low sea sweep but reports as to the cause were conflicting. Some reported its being hit by anti-aircraft fire and others said it was hit by a water spout caused by the explosion of a bomb from a preceding aircraft. A Report of Burial received by this command stated that S/Sgt. Oscar L. Belser had been buried by Germans on 5 April 1943. He was later disinterred on 15 June 1943 and reinterred in Am Cam Tunis, Tunisia. (MACR contains very little information)

A/C No. 41-13196 “Avenger” (shot down) P Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt - KIA CP Cleary, Philip B., 2Lt - KIA N None B Cordes, Jacob H., Jr., 2Lt - KIA E Kralicek, Frank C., S/Sgt - KIA R Brooks, George C., Cpl - KIA G Belser, Oscar L., S/Sgt - KIA F None

446th BS Special Account: On April 5, 1943 we lost Lt. Lovingood and his crew on a Sea Sweep. His crew was made up of: Lt. Cleary, co-pilot; Lt. Cordes, bombardier- navigator; S/Sgt. Kralicek, engineer; S/Sgt. Belser, turret gunner; and Cpl. Brooks, radio operator, in addition to Lt. Lovingood, the pilot. The following narrative is an eye- witness account of that mission and the loss of the plane: Belser, Oscar L., S/Sgt, turret gunner Brooks, George C., Cpl, radio-gunner Cleary, Philip B., 2Lt, pilot Cordes, Jacob H., Jr., 2Lt, bombardier, navigator Kralicek, Frank C., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot On April 5, 1943 we took off in the early morning on an anti-shopping sweep over the Mediterranean Sea. After cruising for about an hour at an altitude of fifty feet or less we sighted a convoy about eight miles away and almost directly ahead. As the top cover flight climbed in a spiral to gain sufficient altitude we six who were previously assigned to the low element, circled at a radius of about three miles which was just out of range of the flak. Upon reaching bombing altitude the top flight of twenty four planes made a run on the convoy and released their bombs. Immediately we turned in toward the convoy at our 50 foot altitude for our attack. We could see many ships and we knew that this was indeed a choice target. Our run began at about 240 miles per hour and we opened fire with our forward guns at extreme range hoping to disturb the enemies’ aim. Glancing to the left to be sure that I did not fall behind the other planes I noticed one plane beginning to trail the others slightly, indicating that it had probably been hit. This plane was number two over from my own so I could tell that it was Lt. Lovingood’s plane. By this time my plane had passed over one gun boat and we were headed straight for a destroyer so all my attention was drawn toward the front. That was the last I saw of Lt. Lovingood’s plane. Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

I had been advancing the throttles constantly and when, after passing over my target and dropping my bombs into it, I glanced at the airspeed indicator it showed 280 plus. At this time the gunner, S/Sgt. E.V. Mitchell called on the interphone and I looked back to see a very large splash which he explained was Lt. Lovingood’s plane. Sgt. Mitchell said a large explosion resulting in a water spout had hit the left engine of the doomed plane, wrenching it from its mounting. Having only one power plant and at the terrific speed the plane twisted into a half-roll and crashed into the water upside down. This was when he called me on the interphone and I observed the splash. Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt, gunner For the loss of one of our planes the enemy suffered the loss of four ships sunk, three sinking, and others damaged. The plane flown by Lt. Bradley was so severely hit by shell fire he was forced to make an emergency landing at Bone. All the other planes, though hit, returned safely to the Base. Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 2Lt, pilot R.L. AXSON, Jr Bradley, James L., Jr., 1Lt, pilot 1st Lt., A.C.

446th BS War Diary of: Williams, Wallace (NMI) “Spike”, Jr., 2Lt, pilot: (excerpt from later entry) “Next mission was a low element sea sweep, my only one. One I’ll never forget. Can tell it better than write it I guess. I thought my time had come, but I was lucky. Six 446th planes went in at 50 feet on Seibel ferries. 50 cal. Looked like rain in the water and tracers made it look worse. Dropped bombs with 5 seconds delay fuses and did a good job. I was on extreme left on Bradley’s wing. Brad made it home with an elevator shot off. Lovingood spun in on top of the boats. (Took me to DeRidder from Raleigh that weekend I was home.) Max Garmon and Kirk Martin had a 20 mm burst in their cockpit and took turns passing out on the way home. I was, I confess pretty badly shaken up, so all five of us were, when we got home. I think I was still kind of pale. Grif kept me on the ground a few days. Spring was coming to Africa. Nights were still very cold but the sun in daylight was hot.” Bradley, James L., Jr. "Jungle Jim", 1Lt, pilot Garmon, James M. "Max", 2Lt, pilot Griffith, Frank J. "Grif", 1Lt, pilot Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot Martin, John K. "Kirk", 2Lt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 19/mission 18) Group Mission # 18: Five of our planes participated in a sea sweep today. A convoy was sighted and attacked. Three vessels were hit and believed sunk. The group was commended by the Commanding Officer of the 47th Wing for excellent bombing results on this mission. All of our planes returned safely.

Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13210 “Buckeye Cannon A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle Ball” II” P Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt Shapiro, Leonard L. “Shap”, 2Lt CP Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt Hengel, Edward D., 2Lt N None None B Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt Joseph, Merwin J., 1Lt E Nittle, Samuel (NMI), 1Lt Penson, Ralph D., S/Sgt R Balsom, James P., T/Sgt Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt G Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12997 “Southern Belle” A/C No. 42-53371 “Death Wind” P Andrews, Austin D. Andy, 2Lt Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt CP McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt N None None B Tate, Roy W., 2Lt Hartis, John G., 2Lt E Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R Carrin, Joseph S., S/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Tornio, Raymond A., Sgt Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-30002 P Lungren, Charles D., 1Lt CP Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N None B Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F None

447th BS: War Diary of: McDuff, Daniel R., 2Lt, pilot: (Entry from 22 Apr 43) “Bill Lovingood is dead. I don’t remember the exact day he died…last month some time. I only remember the afternoon his flight came in without him. Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot, 446th BS At first I couldn’t believe----couldn’t be sure. Everyone who saw his ship go down thought it was him, but weren’t quite sure. Another ship of the same flight had been crippled and had landed at Bone---that might have been Bill. But Max Garmon, the flight leader, told me it was Bill. He had been flying wing tip to wing tip---then suddenly Bill’s ship hit the water and was gone. Yes, he was sure it was Bill. Garmon, James M., 1Lt, pilot, 446th BS

Monday, 5 April 1943 (continued)

Maybe, though, he got out—maybe he had a chance---maybe his ship hit right and he got out in his life raft. Max---who had been shot up a little and still had the blood of his bandaged flak wounds on his shirt---shook his head and said, “No, Mc—not a chance.” But, hell, he wouldn’t know. Bill must have gone down behind him—he couldn’t have seen much. So I asked Captain Schwane. He was leading the upper element and could see Bill and his flight making their run---he must have seen—he surely knew… Schwane, Henry H., Capt, pilot, Commander, 446th BS Yes, he had seen Bill crash. Yes, he was certain it was Bill. No, he had had no chance---he had dropped his bombs and was going away, low and fast---then his ship cart-wheeled on the water, broke up, and landed on its back. “No, Mc, he couldn’t possibly have gotten out. So Bill Lovingood is dead. His body—still at the controls of his ship, the Avenger, lies at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea somewhere northeast of Tunisia in the battle area. He died in action against the enemy---in the service of his country—just as I know he would have wanted. And I’m glad to be certain that it was quick—he didn’t know what hit him. Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot, 446th BS That night, after his flight came back, it was decided there would be no more low- element attacks on shipping. It was too costly. Bill had been in a low element—Bill, his crew, and his ship had been the cost. But now there would be no more…he was the last. So Bill not only gave his life for his country---but for his squadron, his group and all other groups engaging in such work in this theater. Because Bill didn’t come back, a lot of us would come back on future raids. Bill Lovingood is dead---and the hearts of all who knew him are heavy in quiet homage to a good man - - a good pilot. *Note: Bill Lovingood, from Asheville, N.C. A good friend.” Lovingood, Willard J. “Bill”, 2Lt, pilot, 446th BS

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 19/mission 18) Group Mission # 18: (448th BS did not participate)

Tuesday, 6 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Sicily, B-24's hit the ferry and slips at Messina harbor. In Italy, RAF Liberators, under IX Bomber Command control, bomb the Naples area and rail facilities in Messina, Sicily.

In Tunisia, B-25's fly 2 missions against concentrations in the Oued el Akarit region, scoring hits on buildings, tanks, and numerous vehicles. P-40's fly escort, fighter sweep, and strafing operations, attacking guns, vehicles and personnel as the British Eighth Army begin their assault on Oued el Akarit from which the enemy begins withdrawing during the night. HQ 376th Bombardment Group (Heavy) and its 514th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) with B-24's transfer from Soluch, Libya to Bengasi, Libya.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sicily, B-17's bomb the docks and ships at Trapani.

In Tunisia, during the night of 5/6 April, Wellingtons bomb the dock and shipping at Tunis. During the day, B-25's and P-38's attack shipping in the Straits of Sicily. Two forces of B-17's bomb a convoy further W, near Zembra Island and hit a convoy off Bizerte. B-25's and A-20's attack landing grounds and airfields at Enfidaville, La Fauconnerie, and El Djem. La Fauconnerie bears the brunt of the attacks and is well covered. Fighters escort the bombing raids, fly reconnaissance missions, and attack scattered enemy movement. HQ 27th Bombardment Group (Light) and it's 91st Bombardment Squadron (Light) with A-20's transfer from Nouvion, Algeria to Ras el Ma, French Morocco. The 92nd Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter Group with P-39's transfers from Youks-les-Bains, Algeria to Maison Blanche, Algeria. The 154th Observation Squadron, 68th Observation Group with P-39's and P-51's transfers from Thelepte, Tunisia to Sbeitla, Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The nineteenth mission took place on April 6, 1943 when 18 planes took off at 1010 to bomb the landing ground at Enfidaville. One plane returned early. The other planes dropped 1,134 twenty-pound frag bombs at 1203 from 5,000 feet. All of these planes returned at 1320. The landing ground was covered by bursts and some landed on trucks on the nearby road. A dogfight was observed between an escort and enemy aircraft to the rear. Fifteen fighters and two bombers were observed on the ground. Flight leaders were Capt. Bates and Lieut. Morton. Bates, James P., Maj, pilot, Commander, 448th BS Morton, William H. "Mort", 1Lt, pilot, 447th BS

Tuesday, 6 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 20/mission 19) Group Mission # 19: ------Mission Report # 19, 6Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1010 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on _bomb L/G at Enfidaville. __1____ Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early.__17___ dropped _1134x20 lb. frags at 1208 from 5,000 ft. __17___ No A/C No. & Type Time Altitude No. A/C returned at 1320. Time

3. L/G covered by bursts. Also bursts around trucks on road.

4. Air - escort in dogfight to rear. Marine - None. Flak - Some light, little heavy, not intense. Land - About 15 fighters and 2 bombers at P2184 on 1:50,000 Enfidaville Chart.

5. Enroute - CAVU. Target - CAVU. Return - CAVU.

6. None. Flight Leaders – Capt. Bates, Lt. Morton. Number of sorties flown this date--17 Cameras taken. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 6 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 6 April 1943

1. Target: Airdrome at ENFIDAVILLE. 2. Aircraft: No. Scheduled: 18; No. off: 18; No. returned early: 1 (due to armament difficulty) 3. Take off: 1020 to 1028 4. Route out: To SOUK-EL-ARBA then direct to target. 5. Assault: Made from NW to SE at 6000 ft. IAS of 240 mph. Time of attack was 1208 and bomb run was 40 seconds. Tuesday, 6 April 1943 (continued)

6. Route Back: To SOUK-EL-ARBA then direct to AIN M’LILA. 7. Return of mission: 17 A/C returned at 1325 8. Bombs dropped: 1134x20 fragmentation bombs. None returned. None jettisoned. 9. Results of mission: Target area entirely covered. 10. Enemy Action: Light flak over target. 11. Escort: Spitfires at SOUK-EL-ARBA. 12. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 13. Enemy Aircraft Losses: None. 14. Sorties: 17 15. Coordinations: with escorting Spitfires at SOUK-EL-ARBA. 16. Remarks: None.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

445th BS War Diary: The men are eating quite a number of dates and oranges sold by the Arabs in town.

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 20/mission 19) Group Mission # 19: 5 ships participated in the Group bombing mission at Enfidaville. Take off was at 10:00. 720 rounds of ammunition was fired to clear the guns. 360 x 20 lb frag bombs were dropped on the landing ground.

A/C No. 41-13211 A/C No. 41-13207 “Oh 7” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt O’Harra, Roderick E., 2Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt Goodwin, Norton (NMI), 2Lt N None Evans, James H. “Two-Guns”, 2Lt B Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt None listed – likely the navigator E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Martine, William E., S/Sgt R Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt Hendricks, Harold L., T/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Herbert, Richard J., S/Sgt F None Heistand, John F., S/Sgt A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt Rudolph, Raymond L. “Rudy”, 2Lt CP Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt Olson, Walter N., 2Lt N None None B Cassel, Peter G., 2Lt Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt E Finn, Robert F., T/Sgt Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt R Chereski, John J., T/Sgt Knight, Arnold K., S/Sgt G Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt F None Turner, Clyde R. “Bulldog”, Pvt Tuesday, 6 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P Cratin, William S., 1Lt CP Bitner, William H., 2Lt N Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt B Morgan, Robert E., S/Sgt E Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Loveless, Lloyd E., Sgt G Bruyneel, Dennis A., S/Sgt F None

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 20/mission 19) Group Mission # 19: Group mission 19, Squadron 11: Two planes led by Lt. Cosner. The target was the L/G at Enfidaville. Results with frag bombs poor.

A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep A/C No. 41-29771 Herder” P Cosner, Oliver J. “Ollie”, 1Lt VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt CP Boyd, Kenneth E., 2Lt Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt N None Harris, Posey T., 2Lt B Fieldon, Gordon S. “Jack”, S/Sgt Navigator filling both B & N positions E Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt R Friscia, Frank J., Jr., S/Sgt Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt G Elk, Charles (NMI), S/Sgt Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt F Benson, Henry E., Sgt None A/C No. 41-13008 P Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt CP Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt N Braucher, David C., B Navigator filling both B & N positions E Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt R Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, T/Sgt G Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt F None

Tuesday, 6 April 1943 (continued)

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 20/mission 19) Group Mission # 19: Five of our planes participated in a raid on a landing ground near Enfidaville. The target was missed. All planes down safely.

A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated Lady” P Richardson, Robert W. “Big Rich”, 1Lt DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt CP Hasty, Curtis B., 2Lt Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt N Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator Lieberman, Stanley (NMI), 2Lt E O’Connell, Daniel E., S/Sgt Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt R Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt G Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29775 “Double Trouble” A/C No. 41-29759 “Kentucky Ridge Runner” P Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt Morton, William H. “Mort”, 1Lt CP Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt Morganti, Clyde J., 2Lt N None Black, Donald (NMI) “Blackie”, 1Lt B Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt None listed – likely the navigator E Nelson, James E., S/Sgt O’Donnell, Vincent T., S/Sgt R Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt Fryer, John R., T/Sgt G Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt DesJardins, Patrick H., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-30002 P Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt CP Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt N None B Hartis, John G., 2Lt E Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F None

Tuesday, 6 April 1943 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 20/mission 19) Group Mission # 19: Mission 13 (19): At 10:10 18 planes off to bomb L/G at Enfidaville, 1 returned early, 17 dropped frags at 12:08 from 5000 feet. Little results seen L/G covered by bursts. No E/A seen. Weather: CAVU. F/L: Bates and Morton. Morton, William H. "Mort", 1Lt, pilot, 447th BS

A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-13170 P Bates, James P., Capt Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt CP DeMuth, Robert D., 2Lt Bowman, William W., 2Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt None B Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt E Gebhardt, Ralph J., T/Sgt Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt Lingenfelter, Richard L., S/Sgt G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt Mahan, John J., S/Sgt F None Silver, George A., III, Capt (observer) A/C No. 41-29765 A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” P Buchenau, Harry T., 2Lt Urquhart, Donald A., 1Lt CP Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt Coffey, Kenneth H. F., 2Lt N None Thomas, Leo A., S/Sgt B Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt Mundell, Roy E., 2Lt E Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt Potosky, John S., S/Sgt R Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt Jakse, Joseph (NMI), S/Sgt G Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt Turner, Goldburn H., S/Sgt F Harding, John E., S/Sgt None

Wednesday, 7 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Sicily, B-24's attack Palermo harbor.

In Tunisia, B-25's bomb retreating columns which are being pursued N of Oued el Akarit by the British Eighth Army's 30 and 10 Corps. Fighters carry out bombing and strafing operations over the battle area.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons attack Tunis and the Jabal al Jallud Marshalling Yard. Weather cancels all other NASAF missions except for 2 reconnaissance sorties. All available airplanes of the XII Air Support Command and Western Desert Air Force (WDAF) hit ground forces which are retreating in all sectors. Fighters fly sweeps over Medjez el Bab (claiming 3 fighters downed), a scramble mission NW of Oued Zarga (5 fighters are claimed destroyed), and over 100 other sorties (no encounters). Highway and motor transport are bombed between Sfax and Sousse. Light and medium bombers, and fighter-bombers attack concentrations N of the Oued el Akarit line. Units of the US II Corps make contact with the British Eighth Army on the Gabes- Gafsa road. HQ 31st Fighter Group and its 307th, 308th and 309th Fighter Squadrons with Spitfires transfer from Thelepte, Tunisia to Djilma, Tunisia. The 318th Fighter Squadron, 325th Fighter Group with P-40F's transfers from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Montesquieu, Algeria. The squadron will fly its first combat mission on 17 Apr 43.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: The day was given over to practice formation flying and local bombing dry runs. The boys practiced softball this evening.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Two missions were scheduled for today but cancelled because of bad weather. Lt. Duke was sent to the hospital today. He has not yet recovered from the nervous shock suffered as a result of his experiences when shot down at sea. Duke, Albert, 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Thursday, 8 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, P-40's fly 29 bomber escort, armed reconnaissance, and fighter-bomber missions against retreating column along coast N of Gabes.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): Weather prevents all Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) operations except minimum weather reconnaissance.

In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) P-40's and Spitfires fly sweeps and armed reconnaissance over the Faid Pass-Fondouk el Aouareb-Kairouan-Ousseltia area as the British X Corps attacks Fondouk. Other fighters fly widespread reconnaissance and sweeps, attacking motor transport S of Zaghouan. Western Desert Air Force (WDAF) fighters hit retreating columns in the Cekhira-Sfax area.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: The mission was cancelled today due to bad weather.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Bad weather continues. Mission scheduled but had to be cancelled.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Friday, 9 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, P-40's in a fighter-bomber role attack Sfax, as the British Eighth Army, in pursuit of the retreating enemy, reaches a position a few miles to the SW of the coast.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, fighters continue reconnaissance of the N half of Tunisia and the Straits of Sicily and hit enemy movement and defenses over wide areas between Sfax and Enfidaville. HQ 320th Bombardment Group (Medium) and its 443rd Bombardment Squadron (Medium) with B-26B's transfer from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Montesquieu, Algeria. The 319th Fighter Squadron, 325th Fighter Group with P-40F's transfers from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Montesquieu, Algeria. The squadron will fly its first mission on 17 Apr 43.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: No mission today. There were a couple practice gunnery missions. The softball team is being whipped into shape. We are expecting a very good season.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Mission again cancelled because of bad weather.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Saturday, 10 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, B-24's bomb the harbor at Naples.

In Sicily, RAF Liberators, under operation control of the IX Bomber Command, hit Palermo.

In Tunisia, Allied ground forces take Sfax and continue N to La Hencha. HQ IX Fighter Command is transferred from Egypt to Tripoli, Libya. Personnel are to be moved from Egypt over a period of several weeks.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sardinia, B-17's hit ships at La Madallena.

In Tunisia, during the night of 9/10 Apr, Wellingtons bomb troops and transport on roads in the area surrounding Enfidaville. The following days, B-26’s follow up the Wellingtons with raids on roads and military concentrations near Enfidaville. Fighter-bombers also hit ground targets in the Enfidaville areas. Fighters escort bombers, carry out reconnaissance, and fly sweeps over the battle area from Medjez el Rah to Sousse.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: No mission today. The men are showing more interest in the progress of the war due to the repeated successes of the British 8th Army.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Local weather good enough for flying today. Some of our planes made practice bombing runs on the nearby bombing range. Mission had to be cancelled again because of the weather over the target, however. The men in the squadron are given passes one day a week and usually visit the city of Constantine, Batna or visit the Roman ruins at Timgad. A squadron truck is sent to Constantine daily for the benefit of the men wishing to visit that city.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Sunday, 11 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, B-24's attack Naples harbor. AA is intense and fighters attack B-24's from all sides, knocking 1 down. The B-24's claim destruction of 3 fighters.

In Tunisia, B-25's attack motor transport and concentrations N of Sfax as Allied ground troops push toward Sousse. HQ 340th Bombardment Group (Medium) and its 486th and 487th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) with B-25C's transfer from El Kabrit, Egypt to Medenine, Tunisia.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sardinia, during the night of 10/11 Apr, Wellingtons bomb airfields at Decimomannu and Monserrato.

In Sicily, B-17's strike the harbors of Marsala and Trapani.

In Tunisia, P-38's carry out fighter sweeps and reconnaissance flights, claiming numerous aircraft shot down, including 21 transports destroyed between Cap Bon and Marsala. B-26's bomb Oudna Airfield, B-25's hit Sainte-Marie du Zit Airfield, and B-17's strike the harbor of Tunis. Fighter-bombers and light bombers blast trucks S of the Enfidaville road, trucks E of Kairouan, the Sousse docks, and numerous other targets in the NE quarter of Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: There were three local training gunnery missions. Our enlisted men won over the 446th enlisted men in a softball game played in the pasture across the road from the Squadron area. The score was 13-11. The sore was tied 11-11 in the 7th but the boys rallied in the eight and triumphed.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Scheduled mission cancelled because of bad weather.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

445th BS: War Diary of: Seegmiller, Barnard H., Sgt, armament: 04/11/43: “Another bright beautiful Sunday morning in North Africa. Spring is everywhere today. The fields are green, trees are budding, birds are singing and surely every “clod feels a stir of might.” I was greeted as I left the tent this morning by the sight of six industrious Arabs with their teams of six mules each or mules and horses Sunday, 11 April 1943 (continued) mixed. One was hitched in lead, a beautiful sorrel mare of truly noble Arabian characteristics that should never have known the drudgery of a draft animal. Though today is warm and splendid, the past week has been one of varied temperatures and unpleasantness. I have concluded that March is pretty much the same all over the world. We are all, at one time or another to be heard unconsciously humming, “In your Easter bonnet...” or, “Oh Easter time is da’ time fo’ eggs and da’ time fo’ eggs is da’ Easter time, and Easter time is da’ best e’ time.” Much has happened since we came here via freight train, packed almost solidly in the unforgettable “Forty and Eight” French rail cars, so famous among the doughboys of the last war. However, there were but sixteen of us in the car I was in and our trip of some five hundred miles was accomplished in about five days of comparative comfort. I am particularly agreeable to that mode of travel, because of the opportunities it affords of seeing the country and meeting its inhabitants. The many stops along the way, and the characters we met are too numerous to mention here. Be it said only that I took full advantage of those rich occasions to observe people and country, and so the trip stands out among my most interesting experiences. I should go no further without mentioning somewhat, the two visits I made to Oujda just prior to our leaving that city. On each occasion I was alone. I prefer being alone when I visit a place of interest, unless I can have the companionship of someone like Griff whose interests run very similar to mine. Then I am free to go where I please and do as impulse directs without being hampered by the rules of courtesy toward a companion. Hence it was that I chanced to meet two soldiers of the French Foreign Legion who were from Germany; Otto Lederer of Vien, Austria and George Vinegarten of Berlin. I came upon them eating in a dimly lighted Red Cross restaurant and my question as to the food being served that evening was answered in Deutsche, which led to further inquiry concerning them. Both were very amiable fellows and seemed pleased to meet someone who could talk their native language. When asked how they liked the American bread they were eating, Herr Vinegarten replied, “Es schmecht wie kuchen” (It tastes like cake). That evening we attended a theater of the Red Cross together. I had already seen the picture, “Flying Fortress” and in spite of the fact that the machine broke so that we did not get to see all of it, I enjoyed the evening because of my interesting companions. At their insistence, we agreed to meet again another day which we did. Griffies, Thomas R. “Griff”, Sgt, engineering It was on this same day that I hired a bicycle for the afternoon and visited the French Cavalry station and made a tour of the residential district of the city of Oujda. I found a French soldier for a dinner guest, or rather I was his guest, and had a very good meal in the midst of soldiers of every rank and station. It was very dark that night when I started down the long, winding, narrow, unlighted street that led toward the air base. It looked as though I would have a long walk through the Arab inhabited countryside, which in view of the many tales of treachery told of the natives, made the prospect none to propitious. But it was adventure, and that was what I was seeking, and finally I came to a French bar, where I could hear the music of an accordion and much laughter, so I stepped in. There I found the French villagers and a couple of French airmen singing Sunday, 11 April 1943 (continued) and drinking away their cares to the music of a blind minstrel who played for tips. They received me joyfully and soon I was employed in trying to understand and talk to them in a manner that to all was very amusing. I was surprised to learn when I put a two-franc piece in the human nickelodeon, and asked him to play that soul-stirring anthem, “La Marseilles,” that it was forbidden to be played in the bars of North Africa. Our reveling was suddenly ceased when two American soldiers appeared half-carrying a third who was very badly beaten up. The tavern proprietress sympathetically cared for the soldier while the others made sober-faced comments upon the evils of “too much vino.” Soon there were many MPs at the scene and the injured man was taken away. I caught a GI truck and was soon back at camp.”

Monday, 12 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, B-24's of the 376th Bombardment Group (Heavy) sent to attack Naples harbor, are prevented by bad weather from bombing the primary target. About half return without bombing while the others hit Cosenza and Crotone. Other heavy bombers of the same group, in a subsequent mission, bomb Naples and the secondary target of Pizzo.

In Sicily, RAF Liberators, under operational control of the IX Bomber Command, are dispatched against Palermo. The primary target is attacked, in spite of total cloud cover, but most of bomb tonnage is dropped in Messina, Italy harbor. In ground action in Tunisia, the British 10 Corps captures Sousse and heads north.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sicily, B-17's bomb the harbor at Trapani and hit shipping in the Straits of Sicily. In Tunisia, B-17's bomb the harbor at Bizerte. B-25's and A-20's bomb airfields at Oudna and Sainte-Marie du Zit. Aircraft of tactical units hit enemy movements and fly sweep and reconnaissance throughout NE Tunisia following the attack during the night of 11/12 Apr by British aircraft, mainly in the Enfidaville, Zaghouan, and Bou Ficha areas. HQ 31st Fighter Group and its 307th 308th and 309th Fighter Squadrons with Spitfires transfer from Djilma, Tunisia to Le Sers, Tunisia. HQ 33rd Fighter Group and its 59th and 60th Fighter Squadrons with P-40's transfer from Berteaux, Algeria to Ebba Ksour, Tunisia. The 59th has been operating from Thelepte, Tunisia since 20 Mar. The 2nd, 4th and 5th Fighter Squadrons, 52nd Fighter Group with Spitfires transfer from Youks-les-Bains, Algeria to Le Sers, Tunisia. The 154th Observation Squadron, 68th Observation Group with P-39's and P-51's transfers from Sbeitla, Tunisia to Le Sers, Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: On April 12, 1943, the twentieth mission took off at 0845 with 15 planes on a sea search. One plane returned early and one plane landed at Bone. The mission was incomplete, no bombs were dropped and the other sixteen planes returned at 1145. The mission was not carried out because the escort turned back. A friendly convoy was sighted. Flight leaders were Capt. Sampson and Lieuts Morton and Culp. Culp, Merle H., Capt, pilot, 448th BS Morton, William H. "Mort", 1Lt, pilot, 447th BS Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Capt, pilot, Commander, 44th BS

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

The twenty-first mission took off at 1555 on April 12, 1943 to bomb the landing ground at Ste Marie du Zit. They dropped 204 hundred-pound demolition bombs from 9,000 feet at 1725. The landing ground and revetments were well-covered with bursts. One direct hit was made on the building southwest of the landing ground. A few planes were seen on the field. Clouds of smoke and dust were noticed up leaving the area. All planes returned at 1850. Flight leaders were Capt. Schwane, Lieut. Tipton and Lieut. Griffith. Photographs were taken. Observers were Col. Crosthwaite, Col. Knapp and Capt. Silver. Crosthwaite, John C., Col, HQ 47th Wing Griffith, Frank J. "Grif", Capt, pilot, 446th BS Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander Schwane, Henry H., Maj, pilot, Commander, 446th BS Silver, George A., III, Maj, medical officer Tipton, Richard Pike "Tip", 2Lt, pilot, 445th BS

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 21/mission 20) Group Mission # 20: ------Mission Report # 20, 12 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0845 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on sea sweep. __1____ returned early. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C __None__ dropped ___any____ bombs. __16___ returned at 1145. One plane No A/C No. & Type No. A/C Time landed at Bone.

3. Mission incomplete. Escort turned back.

4. Air--None. Marine--Friendly convoy sighted. Flak--None.

5. Enroute--Clear to coast. Over sea--Visibility 3 miles, hazy, scattered clouds at 700 ft. clear above. Return--clear from coast.

6. None. Flight Leaders--Captain Sampson, Lt. Morton, Lt. Culp. Number of sorties flown this date--16 No photos taken. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued) ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 13 April 1943

A-3 REPORT First Mission of 12 April 1943

1. Target: Counter Shipping Sweep 2. Assault: None. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: Mission was not completed. Formation turned back to base at 1018 hours when at a position of 37°40’N, 10°05’E because the escorting fighters considered the weather unfavorable to continue the mission.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 22/mission 21) Group Mission # 21: ------Mission Report # 21, 12 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1555 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at Ste. Marie du Zit W. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target _None_ returned early.__18___ dropped _204x100 lbs demolition bombs from No. A/C No A/C No. & Type 9000 ft. at 1725. __18___ returned at 1850. Altitude Time No. A/C Time

3. Landing ground and revetments were well covered with bursts in a NW to SE direction. One direct on building at SW of landing ground. A few planes on field. Clouds of smoke and dust seen on leaving field.

4. Air--None. Marine--None. Flak--Light and heavy, moderate and inaccurate. Located at K1523, K2020, at target where it was not intense, K2600, P2395, P1319, from near Enfidaville, and at dam T at O-7990 S. of Pont du Fahs. Light flak came principally from roads, heavy flak from foothills of mountains. One report of flak with one large burst, then 10-12 smaller bursts.

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

5. Enroute--CAVU. Target--CAVU. Return--CAVU except for slight haze.

6. None. Flight Leaders—Captain Schwane, Lt. Tipton, Lt. Griffith. Observers—Colonel Crosthwaite, Colonel Knapp, Captain Silver.

Number of sorties flown this date--34

Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 13 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Second Mission of 12 April 1943

1. Target: Landing Ground at Ste. Marie Du Zit (W). 2. Assault: The attack was made at 1725 hours from Northwest to Southeast at an altitude of 9000 feet. The bombing run was 25 seconds long, and was followed by a breakaway to the right. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: Target area well covered, but only a few airplanes observed on the ground.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

445th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 21/mission 20) Group Mission # 20: Three ships took off at 08:45 to join the Group formation on a sea search. The escort was P- 38’s. 190 rounds of ammunition were expended to clear the guns. No bombs were dropped and nothing was sighted.

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” P McGee, William N., 2Lt McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt N McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt Gregory, John N., T/Sgt G Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F Turner, Clyde R. “Bulldog”, Pvt None A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt CP Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt N Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt B Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt E Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt R Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt G Bryant, James C., T/Sgt F None

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 22/mission 21) Group Mission # 21: The second mission took off at 15:45. Six of our ships took part in this raid. The target was the landing ground at St. Marie du Zit. 575 rounds of ammunition were fired to clear the guns. 58 bombs were dropped in train and 15 were salvoed. No enemy aircraft were encountered. Our escort was Spitfires. The landing ground was well covered with bursts. All ships returned.

A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” A/C No. 42-53373 P Kayser, Robert B., Jr., 2Lt Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt CP Kent, William S., 2Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt N None None B Cossel, Peter G., S/Sgt Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt Finn, Robert F., T/Sgt R Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt Chereski, John J., T/Sgt G Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt F Cox, Bernard L., Pvt Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, HQ 321st BG Commander (observer)

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13158 A/C No. 41-13211 P Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt Rudolph, Raymond L. “Rudy”, 2Lt CP Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt Olson, Walter N., 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt B McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt E Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., S/Sgt Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt Knight, Irving W., T/Sgt G Lowery, Bruce (NMI) “Field Marshall”, Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt M/Sgt F None Lord, Robert O., Jr., 1Lt (observer) A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 41-13207 “Oh 7” P Grau, Robert B., 1Lt Clinton, Wayne C., 1Lt CP Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt N None Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt B Filipowski, Milton R., S/Sgt Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, Sgt E Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt R Choka, Andrew J., S/Sgt Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt G Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt F None None

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 21/mission 20) Group Mission # 20: Group mission 20, Squadron 12: Two planes led by Lt. Axson on a Sea Sweep. 500 lb DM bombs were carried but no target sighted.

A/C No. 41-13200 A/C No. 41-13208 P Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt Garmon, James M. “Max”, 1Lt CP Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt Dains, Thomas E., 2Lt N None None B Meehan, James M., 2Lt Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt E Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt Mercuri, Ralph W., S/Sgt R Shields, James A., S/Sgt Swenson, Stanley C., S/Sgt G Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt F Olson, Harold E., S/Sgt (ASV) None

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 22/mission 21) Group Mission # 21: Group mission 21, Squadron 13: Major Schwane led the Squadron, 9 planes, to the L/G at Ste Marie du Zit. Using 100 lb DM the target was well covered.

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” P Schwane, Henry H. “Hank”, Capt, Chappell, Howard L., 1Lt Commander CP Orrantia, Gilbert D., 2Lt Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt N McCarter, Elmer H., Capt None B Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt E Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt Kniffin, George Kenneth, Pvt R Beach, Louis A., T/Sgt Sidlik, Theophil S., T/Sgt G South, William R., S/Sgt Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt F None Heistand, John F., S/Sgt A/C No. 41-13192 A/C No. 41-13197 P Porter, Jack Grafton, 1Lt Taylor, Peter D., 1Lt CP Browning, Eugene S. “Squif”, 1Lt Brooks, LeRoy O., 2Lt N None None B Marek, Joseph J., 2Lt Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt E Lytle, Logan Lee, S/Sgt McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John E., T/Sgt Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt G Pillman, Frank W., S/Sgt Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt F Castle, Roy V., S/Sgt, 445th BS None A/C No. 41-13008 A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas Traveler” P Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt Martin, John K. “Kirk”, 1Lt CP Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt Brown, Aud W., 2Lt N None None B Braucher, David C., 2Lt Beyer, William J., 2Lt E Kovis, Joseph C., T/Sgt McKibben, Walter D., Jr., S/Sgt R Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, T/Sgt Sheehan, William F., T/Sgt G Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt Porter, Walter E., S/Sgt F Benson, Henry E., S/Sgt None A/C No. 41-29760 “Honky Tonk” A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep Herder” P Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt Cosner, Oliver J. “Ollie”, 1Lt CP Hileman, Donald L. “Buck”, 2Lt Boyd, Kenneth E., 2Lt N None None B Caldwell, Herman B., Jr., 1Lt Brown, John Roland, 2Lt E Mitchell, Lance M., S/Sgt Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt R Haley, Woodrow H., Cpl Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt G Dykes, Billy (NMI), S/Sgt Elk, Charles (NMI), S/Sgt F Crosthwaite, John C., Col, HQ 47th Wing None (observer)

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29771 P VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt CP Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt N None B Harris, Posey T., 2Lt E Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt R Friscia, Frank J., Jr., S/Sgt G Brei, Harold G., S/Sgt F None

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 21/mission 20) Group Mission # 20: Seven of our planes participated in a sea sweep today. No target was sighted. Six of our planes returned safely. One plane piloted by Lt. Morton was seen to turn out of the formation about thirty minutes out from Bone with one engine smoking badly. Lt. Morton called in late this afternoon reporting that he had made a one engine landing at Bone and that all his crew was safe.

A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” II” P Fabling, Charles R., 1Lt Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Capt, Commander CP Althouse, Donald I., 2Lt Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt N None Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt B Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt Hartis, John G., 2Lt E Sparby, Arnold R., S/Sgt Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R O’Mara, Robert M., S/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Murphy, John F., S/Sgt Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F Gregory, Ralph J. H., Sgt (ASV) None A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” A/C No. 41-12961 “Spare Parts” P Richardson, Robert W. “Big Rich”, 1Lt Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt CP Hasty, Curtis B., 2Lt Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt N None None B McCone, Walter G., 2Lt Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt E O’Connell, Daniel E., S/Sgt Nelson, James E., S/Sgt R Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt G Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt F None None

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” A/C No. 41-30002 P McDuff, Daniel R. “Ruff Stuff”, 2Lt Lungren, Charles D., 1Lt CP Nixon, Donald O., 2Lt Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N Colby, John W., 2Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E Lalum, Luther I., S/Sgt Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Jackson, Edward B., T/Sgt Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13210 “Buckeye Cannon Ball” (single engine landing at Bone) P Morton, William H. “Mort”, 1Lt CP Morganti, Clyde J., 2Lt N Black, Donald (NMI) “Blackie”, 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator E O’Donnell, Vincent T., S/Sgt R Fryer, John R., T/Sgt G DesJardins, Patrick H., S/Sgt F Pinger, Robert R., Maj, HQ 321st BG (observer)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 22/mission 21) Group Mission # 21: (447th BS did not participate)

447th BS: War Diary of: McDuff, Daniel R., 2Lt, pilot: “Everything that has happened to me since my raid on Tebaga landing field near Gabes on March 25th can be described fully in one word: Nothing! That raid was my second, and I have six more to my credit---one free ride and five dry runs…what a war! But the flyer who complains of a free ride or a dry run is nuts. And I am not nuts! So I’ll willingly accept all such kindnesses---and never a peep out of me! The only notable thing that has happened to me in that time is that I shaved my moustache. That’s just how uneventful the last month has been. But now that the 8th Army has started its “Final Drive” I may have more to write about soon. First, I’ll tell you about my free ride. A free ride is a mission in which the objective is attained and all ships return without enemy opposition. My free ride was a raid on Carloforte harbor on an island of f the southwest corner of Sardinia. It stank! Eighteen ships made the trip under the leadership of our squadron C.O., Capt. (now Major) Raymond D. Sampson. It was a well-planned and well-executed raid---the only hitch being that most of our bombs missed the target which was a large collection of small vessels believed to be in readiness for an evacuation. A few strings of 100 lb. bombs did lace the target and harbor facilities, and enough damage was done to call the raid a success---although it is disheartening to see most of your bombs fall wide. Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Maj, pilot, Commander Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

We merely flew out over the target, dropped our bombs, and flew home—and not so much as a cap pistol to stop us. The only thing of interest happened to one of our escort ships—a P-38 (Lockheed Lightning). Somehow he got too low and one of his props hit the water on the way back. He pulled up to about 1,000 ft. and flew normally for a while. Then his right prop flew off. But under the protecting wings of his buddies, he made it home O.K. My only other raids have been sea-sweeps on which no target was sighted. Some, however, are marked by curious side lights which will possibly bear telling. On one of them I was flying on Morton’s right wing in a formation with four other ships. Our flight of six were to be a decoy low element. Low element attacks had proved costly since it was the habit of the ships being attacked to hold their fire until the low element closed to attack. All their fire power was then concentrated on this flight, leaving the upper element almost completely unmolested except for possible aerial opposition. Morton, William H. "Mort", 1Lt, pilot Our flight, the decoy low element, was to circle the target low and out of range just as though we were going to attack, while the other flight of nine climbed to about 9,000 ft. and bombed from that altitude. Then we were to close formation and come on home with our bombs, leaving the enemy bombed and fooled—we hoped. Well, as I said, I was on Morton’s right wing—Lungren and Blanton flew on his left. We had just passed the battle lines well off shore of Tunisia when one of Morton’s engines went out and he had to go back to Bone alone. I took the lead when Lungren didn’t get Mort’s landing signal and followed him out of formation. So there I sat, leading a flight for my first time…and enjoying the idea! But as luck would have it, the weather got bad shortly after and, at the request of our fighter escort, we turned back and come home. Sampson, who lead the upper formation was no little unhappy about it. Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt, pilot Lungren, Charles D., 2Lt, pilot Morton, William H. "Mort", 2Lt, pilot Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Maj, pilot, Commander That was the last (and only, to my knowledge) run in which a decoy low element was to have been employed—so we never learned how well it might have worked.”

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 21/mission 20) Group Mission # 20: Mission 14 (20): At 08:45 18 planes off on sea sweep, one plane returned early. No bombs dropped. 17 planes returned 11:45. One plane landed at Bone, mission incomplete because escort turned back. No E/A planes seen, no flak encountered. Weather: Visibility 3 miles, hazy, scattered clouds. F/L: Culp.

Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13163 A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” P Davies, Robert D., 1Lt Moore, Leland A., 1Lt CP Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt N None None B Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt Petrich, Raymond George, 2Lt E Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt Polinsky, Marvin J., S/Sgt R Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt Teinowitz, Norman P., S/Sgt G Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt Ryal, Clarence M., S/Sgt F None McEntee, Peter M., S/Sgt A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” A/C No. 41-12995 “Charlie’s Aunt” P Hardzog, Walter A., Jr., 1Lt Clough, Bernard L., 2Lt CP McCurry, Milton L., 1Lt Jacobson, Norman S., 2Lt N Cheetham, McClain (NMI), 2Lt Kruse, Norman L., 2Lt B Abrams, Carl V., 2Lt Navigator filling both B & N positions E Ripple, William E. “Rip”, S/Sgt Masteller, Harry M., S/Sgt R Featherstone, Charles A. “Pappy”, T/Sgt Gardner, Thomas G., S/Sgt G Wallace, John R., S/Sgt LaRue, Augustin A., S/Sgt F None Ellison, Travis E., Cpl A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-13170 P Culp, Merle H., 1Lt Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt CP Stewart, John C., 2Lt Bowman, William W., 2Lt N Boland, Chester H., 2Lt Thomas, Leo A., 2Lt B Reich, William John, 2Lt Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt E Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt R Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt Lingenfelter, Richard L., S/Sgt G Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt Mahan, John J., S/Sgt F None None

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 22/mission 21) Group Mission # 21: Mission 15 (21): At 15:55 18 planes off to bomb L/S at St. Marie du Zit. Dropped 204 x 100 bombs at 17:25 from 9000 feet. All returned at 18:50. L/G and revetments well covered with bursts, one direct hit on plane also on buildings. No E/S, moderate, heavy inaccurate flak. Weather: CAVU.

A/C No. 41-29774 A/C No. 41-29765 P Sinclair, Ervin W., Jr., 1Lt Ford, Charles L. “Junior”, Jr., 1Lt CP Cassels, Richard E., 2Lt Bruton, John E., 2Lt N None Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt B Patterson, L. J. (i.o.), S/Sgt Navigator filling both B & N positions E Robb, Earl K., S/Sgt Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt R Orman, Virgil N., S/Sgt Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt G Gurnee, Clarence E. “Shine”, S/Sgt White, George E., S/Sgt F Rosenblatt, Marvin (NMI), Sgt, 9th Silver, George A., III, Capt (observer) Combat Camera Monday, 12 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29769 P Veum, Ole E., 1Lt CP Conway, John G., Sr., 2Lt N Holt, William E., 2Lt B Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt E Porch, Dean O., S/Sgt R Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt G Uzailko, George (NMI), S/Sgt F None Tuesday, 13 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Sicily, B-24's are dispatched against the harbor at Catania. Total cloud cover prevents visual contact with the target. One drops bombs in the target area, but others jettison their load or return to base without bombing.

In the Mediterranean, P-40's fly convoy escort.

In Tunisia, the British Eighth Army's 10 Corps, continuing N reaches an anti-tank ditch guarding new enemy positions at Enfidaville and unsuccessfully attempts, on a limited scale, to force a retreat before the line can be strengthened. The 488th and 489th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 340th Bombardment Group (Medium) with B-25's transfer from El Kabrit, Egypt to Medenine, Tunisia.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sicily, B-17's pound the airfields at Castelvetrano and Milo.

In Sardinia, P-38's bomb a cruiser at La Maddalena and other shipping at Porto Torres.

In Tunisia, B-25's hit Oudna Airfield. Fighters maintain sweeps and armored reconnaissance over NE Tunisia and the Straits of Sicily. During the night of 12/13 Mar, British airplanes bomb Megrine landing ground. HQ 47th Bombardment Group (Light) and its 84th Bombardment Squadron (Light) with A-20's transfer from Thelepte, Tunisia to Souk-el-Arba, Tunisia. The 58th Fighter Squadron, 33rd Fighter Group with P-40's transfers from Berteaux, Algeria to Ebba Ksour, Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: Eighteen planes took off at 1515 on April 13, 1943 to bomb the landing ground at Oudna on the twenty-second mission. One plane returned early. They dropped 143 hundred-pound demolition bombs from 3,500 feet at 1700 to 1720. Bombardiers made individual drops on targets as they offered themselves – points on Tunis, Medjez El Bab road, and on ground targets 7½ miles west of target. No traffic was observed on the road. Two FW-190s were claimed destroyed, one FW-190 claimed probably destroyed and one ME-109 with a white nose and silver belly was claimed destroyed. In the air, 3 FW-190s, 3 ME-109s with yellow noses and 1 ME-109 with a white nose and silver belly, were observed. They all attacked the formation over the target. Flak was heavy, accurate as to altitude, but generally trailing. Staff Sgt. Lawrence E. Rider of 53 St. Helena St., Perry, N.Y., turret-gunner, claims 1 FW-190 destroyed. Two FW-190s attacked directly from the rear and he fired 300 rounds of ammunition into the aircraft. He saw one plane catch on fire and crashed to the ground. It exploded when it hit the ground and no one was seen to bail out. Tail gunner, G. F. Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

Murray of this ship, saw the enemy plane catch fire. Staff Sgt. G. F. Murray of Glen Mays Ave., Johnsonburg, Pa., tail-gunner, claims 1 FW-190 destroyed. Two FW-190s attacked directly from the rear. He fired 75 to 100 rounds of ammunition directly into the attacking planes. Tracers were seen to pour into the planes. One of the enemy aircraft caught on fire and was seen to crash to the ground in flames. No one bailed out. Turret- gunner, Staff Sgt. Lawrence E. Rider of this ship, saw the plane crash in flames. Staff Sgt. Raymond D. Lankford of 612 Maryland Ave., Waco, Texas, tail-gunner, claims 1 ME-109 destroyed. He saw the enemy aircraft peel off and Sgt. Lankford fired 100 rounds into it. The enemy plane began to emit smoke and dove to the ground. This claim was verified by Technical Sgt. J. E. Stanton of the same plane, who saw it hit the ground. Photographs were taken on this mission. Flight leaders were Capt. Heinlen, Capt. Bates and Lieut. Isaacson. Bates, James P., Capt, pilot, 448th BS Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, pilot, Commander, 448th BS Isaacson, Clayton M. “Ike”, 1Lt, pilot, 448th BS Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner, 447th BS Murray, George F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner, 447th BS Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 447th BS Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt, gunner, 447th BS The target for the twenty-third mission on April 13, 1942 was the landing ground at Oudna. The mission took off at 1600 with 15 planes. They dropped 223 hundred- pound demolition bombs from 9,000 feet at 1739. The landing ground was covered by bursts and two revetments were hit. Railroad tracks and the road east of the field were also hit. Pont du Fahs, Tunis road running by the target, were reprted to be crowded with traffic moving in both directions. Staff Sgt. Clinton R. Filipowski, 445th Bombardment Squadron enlisted bombardier, was killed by flak on the breakaway from target about 12 miles south of Tunis. Photographs were taken. Flight leaders were Maj. Cook, Lieut. Whiteford and Lieut. Griffith. Cook, Bailey C., Maj, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Filipowski, Milton R., Sgt, bombardier, 445th BS Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt, pilot, 446th BS Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt, pilot, 445th BS

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 23/mission 22) Group Mission # 22: ------Mission Report # 22, 13 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1515 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at Oudna. ___1___ Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early.__17__ dropped _143x100 lb. demolition bombs from 3500 feet at No A/C No. & Type Altitude 1700 to 1720. __17___ returned at 1820. Time No. A/C Time Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

3. Bombardier of lead plane did not drop on L/G. Bombardiers made individual drops on targets as they offered themselves—points on Tunis-Medjez El Bab road, and 3 S/E E/A on ground 7½ miles west of target. Inclosed overlay indicates points bombed. No traffic was observed on road. 2 FW-190’s claimed destroyed. 1 FW-190 claimed probably destroyed. 1 ME-109, white nose, silver beneath, claimed destroyed.

4. Air--3 FW-190’s, 3 ME-109’s yellow nose, 1 ME-109 white nose, silver beneath, attacked formation over target. Marine--None. Flak--Heavy, accurate as to altitude but generally trailing.

5. Enroute--slight haze. Target--Hazy scattered clouds at 5000 feet. Return--Same.

6. S/Sgt. Lawrence E. Rider, ASN 32250488, 53 St. Helena St., Perry, NY, turret gunner claims one FW-190 destroyed. Two FW-190’s attacked directly from rear. He fired 300 rounds into E/A, saw it catch fire and crash to the ground. E/A exploded when it hit the ground. No one bailed out. Tail gunner, George F. Murray, of this ship saw E/A catch fire and crash to ground.

S/Sgt. George F. Murray, ASN 13048217, Glen Mays Avenue, Johnsonburg, Pa. tail gunner claims FW-190 destroyed. Two FW-190’s attacked directly from rear. He fired 75-100 rounds directly into attacking plane. Saw tracers pouring in. E/A caught fire and was seen to crash to ground in flames. No one bailed out. Turret gunner, S/Sgt. Lawrence E. Rider, of this ship saw the plane crash in flames.

S/Sgt. Raymond D. Lankford, ASN 18039796, 612 Maryland, WACO, Texas, tail gunner claims one ME-109 destroyed. He saw E/A on tail of another plane. The waist gunner fired on it. E/A peeled off and Sgt. Lankford fired 100 rounds into it. The E/A began to emit smoke and dive into the ground. This is verified by T/Sgt. James E. Stanton of the same plane.

Flight Leaders--Captain Heinlen, Captain Bates, and Lt. Isaacson. Number of sorties flown this date--17 Photos taken.

Incls: 1 (missing from report folder) FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 24/mission 23) Group Mission # 23: ------Mission Report # 23, 13 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1600 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at Oudna. _None_ Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early.__18___ dropped _203x100 lb demolition bombs from 9000 ft. at No. A/C No. & Type Altitude 1739. __18___ returned at 1900. Time No. A/C Time

3. Landing ground was covered by bursts and two revetments hit. RR track and road E of field were also hit. Pont du Fahs--Tunis road running by target was reported to be crowded with traffic moving in both directions.

4. Air--None. Marine--None. Flak--Heavy and light, intense & accurate from North and West shore of S es Sedjoum. Heavy and light, moderate just West of target and from Mohamedia area.

5. Enroute--Hazy, clouds at 6000 feet. Target--Visibility 2/10. Return--Hazy, scattered clouds.

6. None. Flight Leaders---Major Cook, Lt. Whiteford, and Lt. Griffith.

Number of sorties flown this date---35

Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

445th BS War Diary: The boys are kind of down-hearted this evening over the death of their buddy Filipowski. He was well liked by all. Filipowski, Milton R., Sgt, bombardier

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 23/mission 22) Group Mission # 22: (445th BS did not participate) Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 24/mission 23) Group Mission # 23: Nine ships took off with the Group formation led by Major Cook at 15:45 to bomb the landing ground at Oudna. The escort was Spitfires. 970 rounds of ammunition were fired to clear the guns. 108 x 100 lb demolition bombs were dropped in train. The flak was extremely heavy and accurate. The landing ground was well covered. Lt. Bonus’ ship was hit by heavy concentrations of flak killing his bombardier Sgt. Filipowski. The hydraulic system in the shop was shot out and Lt. Bonus could not get his landing gear down. He was forced to bring the ship in on its belly. It was a very good landing under such adverse conditions.

A/C No. 41-29772 “The Wolf” (belly A/C No. 41-13211 landed) P Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Hughes, Clyde E., 21Lt Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt N None None B Filipowski, Milton R., Sgt Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., S/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt Gregory, John N., T/Sgt G Bryant, James C., T/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F Heistand, John F., S/Sgt None A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” A/C No. 41-13158 P Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt Cratin, William S., 1Lt CP Mamerow, George A., 2Lt Bitner, William H., 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt E Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt G Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt Bruyneel, Dennis A., T/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P McGee, William N., 2Lt Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt CP Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt N McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt Wilson, Samuel P., 2Lt B Navigator filling both B & N positions Navigator filling both B & N positions E Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt R Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt G Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt Pierce, William V., S/Sgt F Turner, Clyde R. “Bulldog”, Pvt Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt

Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” P Cook, Bailey C., Maj, commander Clinton, Wayne C., 1Lt CP Hartmeister, Joel T., 2Lt Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt N Larson, Harold W., 2Lt Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt B Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, Sgt E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt Adams, Richard G., T/Sgt R Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt G Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt F Olmsted, Charles T., Lt Col, HQ 321st None BG (observer) A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” P Grau, Robert B., 1Lt CP Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt N McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt B Navigator filling both B & N positions E Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt R Wright, Warren D., Sgt G Flynn, Thomas H., S/Sgt F None

445th BS Special Account: On April 13, Major Cook led a formation of 18 planes in an attack on the Oujda landing ground, just on the outer edge of the strong Tunis defenses. The landing ground was covered by bursts and two revetments and the railroad tracks were directly hit. Lt. Bonus was one of the pilots and just after the bomb run completed, several bursts of flak hit his ship. The belly was riddled with holes. A large hole was cut in the left nacelle severing the up-lock release cable. One piece of flak slashed a hole through one side of the fuselage and went out the other. The glass in the bombardier’s compartment was smashed. Four hydraulic lines in the nose well, just below the co- pilot’s seat, were cut releasing large amounts of hydraulic fluid. As the plane lost altitude after the breakaway from the target, ground fire killed the bombardier. Cook, Bailey C., Maj, pilot, Commander Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt, pilot Captain Bonus not only kept the ship under control and in the formation against overwhelming odds but also gave directions concerning every phase of the condition of the plane and the welfare of his crew. He returned to his base with his crippled ship, his bombardier dead, a left wheel which was hanging loose and which could not be locked or raised, a right wheel which was impossible to lower, highly inflammable hydraulic fluid throughout the ship and dust already settling down. With cool presence of mind, in spite of the stress and strain which he had endured, he gave careful directions to his crew as to measures for safety in the necessary crash landing. He brought the ship down for a perfect belly landing, with the switches cut off, the engines killed and the gas cut off before the ground was hit. The crew certainly owed their lives to the superb presence of mind, heroism and skill displayed by Captain Bonus on this mission. Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt, pilot Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued) 445th BS 1 Aug 43 Annual Report: On April 13, Lt. Bonus brought his ship “The Wolf” (41-29722) back over Ain M’Lila. It was badly crippled from flak. One of its landing gears could not be lowered. His bombardier was killed from flak. A crash landing was the only alternative and Lt. Bonus brought down his ship so skillfully that no injuries resulted except, of course, to “The Wolf” itself. Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt, pilot Filipowski, Milton R., Sgt, bombardier

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 23/mission 22) Group Mission # 22: (446th BS did not participate)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 24/mission 23) Group Mission # 23: Group mission 22, Squadron 14: composed of 9 planes led by Lt. Griffith. Target was the L/G at Oudna. 100 lb DM were used and the target was fairly well covered. Lt. Bailey’s plane was hit by a piece of flak with the number 13 on it. A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep A/C No. 41-13208 Herder” P Cosner, Oliver J. “Ollie”, 1Lt Garmon, James M. “Max”, 1Lt CP Boyd, Kenneth E., 2Lt Dains, Thomas E., 2Lt N None None B Brown, John Roland, 2Lt Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt E Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt Mercuri, Ralph W., S/Sgt R Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt Leahy, Richard P. “Dick”, S/Sgt G Elk, Charles (NMI), S/Sgt Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas A/C No. 41-29771 Traveler” P Martin, John K. “Kirk”, 1Lt VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt CP Brown, Aud W., 2Lt Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt N None None B Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt Harris, Posey T., 2Lt E McKibben, Walter D., Jr., S/Sgt Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt R Sheehan, William F., T/Sgt Sheldon, Victor W., T/Sgt G Porter, Walter E., S/Sgt Brei, Harold G., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” A/C No. 41-13197 P Chappell, Howard L., 1Lt Taylor, Peter D., 1Lt CP Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt Brooks, LeRoy O., 2Lt N None None B Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt Beyer, William J., 2Lt E Kniffin, George Kenneth, Pvt McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt R Haasch, George F., S/Sgt Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt G Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt F None None Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13200 A/C No. 41-13008 P Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt CP Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt N None None B Meehan, James M., 2Lt Braucher, David C., 2Lt E Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt R Shields, James A., S/Sgt Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, T/Sgt G Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt F None Wisnesky, Benjamin H., Cpl A/C No. 41-29760 “Honky Tonk” P Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt CP Hileman, Donald L. “Buck”, 2Lt N None B Caldwell, Herman B., Jr., 1Lt E Mitchell, Lance M., S/Sgt R Haley, Woodrow H., Cpl G Dykes, Billy (NMI), S/Sgt F None

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 23/mission 22) Group Mission # 22: Nine of our planes participated in a raid on the landing ground at Oudna. No hits on the target area were observed. The flak was very intense in the vicinity of the target and the formation was attacked by several fighters. S/Sgt. R. Lankford and S/Sgt. L. Rider were accredited with shooting down one enemy fighter each. All our planes returned safely.

A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” A/C No. 41-29759 “Kentucky Ridge Runner” P Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt Andrews, Austin D. “Andy”, 1Lt CP Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt N Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator Tate, Roy W., 2Lt E Nittle, Samuel (NMI), S/Sgt Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt R Balsom, James P., T/Sgt Carrin, Joseph S., S/Sgt G Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt Tornio, Raymond A., Sgt F None Christensen, Lars (NMI), Sr., Pvt

Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29775 “Double Trouble” A/C No. 42-53371 “Death Wind” P Shapiro, Leonard L. “Shap”, 1Lt Bugbee, James Metcalf “Jim”, 2Lt CP Hengel, Edward D., 2Lt Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt N None Weaver, Charles M. “Jug”, 2Lt B Joseph, Merwin J., 1Lt None listed – likely the navigator E Murray, George F., S/Sgt Parker, Robert B., S/Sgt R Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt Jondro, William G., Jr., Sgt G Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt Wilson, Leo W., Sgt F None Hassett, Leo P., Pvt A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-12961 “Spare Parts” II” P Fabling, Charles R., 1Lt Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt CP Althouse, Donald I., 2Lt Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt N None None B Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt E Sparby, Arnold R., S/Sgt Nelson, James E., S/Sgt R O’Mara, Robert M., S/Sgt Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt G Murphy, John F., S/Sgt Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” A/C No. 41-30002 P Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt Bates, James P. “Jimmy”, Capt CP Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt Cohagan, McKinley B. “Kin”, 2Lt N None None B Hartis, John G., 2Lt Lingrel, Paul Warren “Big Moose”, 2Lt E Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt Perpich, Joseph G., S/Sgt R Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt Byerly, Lee E., S/Sgt (ASV) G Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt McCown, J. Logan, S/Sgt F Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Capt, None Commander (observer) A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” P Richardson, Robert W. “Big Rich”, 1Lt CP Hasty, Curtis B., 2Lt N Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator E O’Connell, Daniel E., S/Sgt R Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt G Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt F None

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 24/mission 23) Group Mission # 23: (447th BS did not participate)

Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

447th BS: War Diary of: Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt, pilot (mission 7) TARGET: Oudna L/G 2:45 Plane 371 “Mission very successful. 2 E/A fighters destroyed. Bombardiers picked individual targets. Lankford got 1 ME-109.” Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 23/mission 22) Group Mission # 22: Mission 16 (22): At 15:55 18 planes off to bomb L/G at Oudna. Dropped 143 x 100 bombs from 3500 feet at 17:00. One plane returned early. 17 planes returned at 18:20. Flak heavy, accurate as to altitude, but generally trailing. Weather: Generally clear, slight haze, scattered clouds at 5000 feet. F/L: Heinlen, Bates and Isaacson.

A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” A/C No. 41-13170 P Sinclair, Ervin W., Jr., 1Lt Ford, Charles L. “Junior”, Jr., 1Lt CP Cassels, Richard E., 2Lt Bruton, John E., 2Lt N None Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt B Patterson, L. J. (i.o.), S/Sgt Navigator filling both B & N positions E Robb, Earl K., S/Sgt Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt R Orman, Virgil N., S/Sgt Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt G Gurnee, Clarence E. “Shine”, S/Sgt White, George E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29769 A/C No. 41-29776 P Davies, Robert D., 1Lt Buchenau, Harry T., 2Lt CP Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt N None None B Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt E Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt R Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt G Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt F None Papile, Frank M., S/Sgt A/C No. 41-29765 A/C No. 41-13163 P Hardzog, Walter A., Jr., 1Lt Isaacson, Clayton M. “Ike”, 1Lt CP McCurry, Milton L., 1Lt Brandt, Joseph R., 2Lt N Cheetham, McClain (NMI), 2Lt Hurst, Joseph B., 2Lt B Abrams, Carl V., 2Lt Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt E Ripple, William E. “Rip”, S/Sgt Rohleder, Jack J., S/Sgt R Featherstone, Charles A. “Pappy”, T/Sgt Hilborne, Thomas G., S/Sgt G Wallace, John R., S/Sgt Vance, Paul S., S/Sgt F None None

Tuesday, 13 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” P Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, Commander Moore, Leland A., 1Lt CP DeMuth, Robert D., 2Lt Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt None B Brown, Robert H. “Brownie”, 1Lt Petrich, Raymond George, 2Lt E Ridgeway, Robert L., S/Sgt Polinsky, Marvin J., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt Teinowitz, Norman P., S/Sgt (ASV) G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt Ryal, Clarence M., S/Sgt F None McEntee, Peter M., S/Sgt

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 24/mission 23) Group Mission # 23: (448th BS did not participate)

Wednesday, 14 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, P-40's fly convoy escort, and carry out fighter sweeps over the battle area as the British Eighth Army's 10 Corps continues to make quick jabs at positions at Enfidaville. These attempts to force an enemy retreat are unsuccessful. The 314th, 315th and 316th Fighter Squadrons, 324th Fighter Group with P-40's transfer from Libya to Tunisia.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sardinia, B-17's bomb the Elmas and Monserrato Airfields.

In Tunisia during the night of 13/14 Apr, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) Hurricanes and Blenheims bomb La Sebala Airfield and attack transport on the Tunis-Pont-du-Fahs road, and Western Desert Air Force (WDAF) light and medium bombers hit the Airfields at Sainte-Marie du Zit and Korba. During the day, B-17's bomb El Aouina Airfield. P-38's escort the heavy bombers and fly a bombing and strafing mission against a beached vessel SE of Cape Zebib. A-20's bomb Bordj Toum. Fighter-bombers hit a motor convoy near Grich el Oued and trucks NE of Dechret Ben Saidane and a battery E of Djedeida. Fighters fly reconnaissance and sweeps throughout the Tunisian battle area. Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) planes maintain sea reconnaissance and patrols. HQ 52nd Fighter Group transfers from Youks-les-Bains, Algeria to Le Sers, Tunisia. The 441st, 442nd and 444th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium), 320th Bombardment Group (Medium) with B-26B's transfer from Tafaraoui, Algeria to Montesquieu, Algeria.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: No mission today. Two local test hops were flown. Our officers beat the enlisted men in a softball game this evening by a score of 7 to 1. The enlisted men said the officers would not have won had they had all the team present.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: The second big batch of back mail from the states arrived today. In this mail came notification of Capt. Sampson’s promotion to major and Lt. Manly’s promotion to captain. Manly, Robert W. "Horse", Capt, intelligence Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Maj, pilot, Commander

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Thursday, 15 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): In Italy, RAF Liberators, under operational control of the IX Bomber Command, hit Naples and Messina. In Sicily, B-24's attack Catania and Palermo. In Tunisia, B-25's hit the airfield and area near a fuel dump at Sainte- Marie du Zit. P-40's fly reconnaissance and sea patrol. HQ 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) transfers from Medenine, Tunisia to Sfax, Tunisia. The 515th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 376th Bombardment Group (Heavy) with B-24D's transfers from Soluch, Libya to Bengasi, Libya.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Italy, Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) B-26's on armed reconnaissance of the Naples area attack a vessel S of Ustica Island. In Sardinia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb Decimomannu, Villacidro, and Elmas Airfields during the night of 14/15 Apr. In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters attack tanks and trucks at Oum EL Djema and a concentration near Sidi Ahmed, while others fly reconnaissance and patrols during the day.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The twenty-fourth mission took off at 0915 on April 15, 1943 with 18 planes on a sea search. One plane returned early and the other 17 returned at 1310, after no bombs had been dropped. Flight leaders were Col. Knapp, Capt. Bates and Lieut. Seel. Observers were Capt. Lindley and Capt. Weld, both of the 82nd Fighter Group. Bates, James P., Capt, pilot, 448th BS Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander Lindley, F. H., Capt, 82nd FG Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt, pilot, 447th BS Weld, David (NMI), Capt, 82nd FG

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 25/mission 24) Group Mission # 24: ------Mission Report # 24, 15 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0915 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on sea search. ___1__ returned early. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission No. A/C __None_ dropped any bombs. __17___ returned at 1310. No. A/C No. A/C Time

Thursday, 15 April 1943 (continued)

3. None.

4. Air--One JU-52 heading S at 37°35’N, 9°20’E. Marine--One small vessel beached 5-6 miles N of Cape El Melah. Two small fishing schooners about 60 feet long, riding high in water at 37°03’N, 10°35’E heading 120° at 1050. One report that boats had lattice work masts and might be wireless vessels. Ships considered too small to attack. Flak—None.

5. Enroute--Low ceiling, poor visibility to coast. Over sea--CAVU. Return--Low ceiling, poor visibility to coast.

6. None. Flight Leaders--Colonel Knapp, Captain Bates and Lt. Seel. Observers--Captain Lindley, Captain Weld--82 Group. Number of sorties flown this date---17

No Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 16 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 15 April 1943

1. Target: Counter shipping sweep. 2. Assault: None. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: (a) No target sighted. (b) Airplane 41-13181, Pilot DEMOSS, JACK M., returned at 1045 hours due to a runaway tail gun. (c) 18 Airplanes returned 108 500# bombs to the field.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

Thursday, 15 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS War Diary: The officers and enlisted men resumed their softball feud this evening. The game ended in a 3-3 tie. Game called on account of darkness.

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 25/mission 24) Group Mission # 24: 7 ships took off with Group at 09:45 on a sea search. No enemy shipping sighted and no enemy aircraft encountered. There were no bombs dropped and all ships returned safely.

A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” A/C No. 41-13207 “Oh 7” P Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt O’Harra, Roderick E., 2Lt CP Mamerow, George A., 2Lt Goodwin, Norton (NMI), 2Lt N None None B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Morse, Arthur E., Sgt E Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt Martine, William E., S/Sgt R Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt Hendricks, Harold L., T/Sgt G Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt Herbert, Richard J., S/Sgt F Cook, Arnold J., M/Sgt, HQ 321st BG Matthews, Earl L., S/Sgt A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” P Grau, Robert B., 1Lt Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt CP Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt N None Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt B Cossel, Peter G., S/Sgt Flynn, Thomas H., Sgt E Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., S/Sgt R Choka, Andrew J., S/Sgt Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt G Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F Lindley, F. H., Capt, HQ 82nd FG None (observer) A/C No. 41-13158 A/C No. 41-13211 P Cratin, William S., 1Lt Miller, Roy N., 2Lt CP Bitner, William H., 2Lt Butela, William F., 2Lt N Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt None B Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt E Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt G Bruyneel, Dennis A., M/Sgt VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt F None Weld, David (NMI), Capt, HQ 82nd FG (observer)

Thursday, 15 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 42-53373 P Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, HQ 321st BG Commander CP Fisher, James Buckner, Jr., 1Lt N Larson, Harold W., 2Lt B Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt R Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt G Lowery, Bruce (NMI) “Field Marshall”, M/Sgt F None

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 25/mission 24) Group Mission # 24: (446th BS did not participate)

447th BS War Diary: S/Sgt. Robert Parker was killed this morning by accident. He was loading the tail gun of one of the planes, standing on a ladder up against the fuselage with ammunition in his hands. The turret guns were being charged at the time and went off firing seven shots into the ammunition S/Sgt. Parker was holding. The ammunition went off killing him instantly. This was the squadron’s first casualty among the ground personnel. A number of Italian parachutes and harnesses were found a few miles south of here tonight. All organizations have been warned to be on the lookout for paratroops. Eighteen additional guards have been put on duty in the squadron area and on the line. Parker, Robert B., S/Sgt, gunner

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 25/mission 24) Group Mission # 24: Eight of our planes took off this morning to go on a sea sweep. One plane returned early. No target was sighted and all our planes returned safely.

A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” II” P Shapiro, Leonard L. “Shap”, 1Lt Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt CP Hengel, Edward D., 2Lt Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt N None Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt B Joseph, Merwin J., 1Lt None listed – likely the navigator E Murray, George F., S/Sgt Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F None None

Thursday, 15 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-12961 “Spare Parts” A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry Duck” P Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N None None B Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Nelson, James E., S/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., S/Sgt G Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” A/C No. 41-30002 P McDuff, Daniel R. “Ruff Stuff”, 2Lt Bates, James P. “Jimmy”, Capt CP Nixon, Donald O., 2Lt Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N None Colby, John W., 2Lt B Tate, Roy W., 2Lt Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E Lalum, Luther I., S/Sgt Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Jackson, Edward B., T/Sgt Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated Lady” (returned at 1045 hours due to a runaway tail gun) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt DeMoss, Jack M., CP Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt N Hartis, John G., 2Lt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Lieberman, Stanley (NMI), 2Lt E Nittle, Samuel (NMI), T/Sgt Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt R Balsom, James P., T/Sgt Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt G Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt F Davis, Donald A., Sgt (ASV) None

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 25/mission 24) Group Mission # 24: Mission 17 (24): At 09:15 18 planes off on sea sweep, one returned early. No bombs dropped, 17 planes returned at 13:10. One JU-52 seen and one vessel beached 5-6 miles north of Cape Norah. Weather: Low ceiling, poor visibility to coast, at sea CAVU.

Thursday, 15 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” A/C No. 41-13170 P Buchenau, Harry T., 2Lt Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt CP Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt Bowman, William W., 2Lt N None Thomas, Leo A., 2Lt B Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt E Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt R Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt Taylor, Allan J., S/Sgt G Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt Mahan, John J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” P Moore, Leland A., 1Lt CP Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt N None B Petrich, Raymond George, 2Lt E Polinsky, Marvin J., S/Sgt R Teinowitz, Norman P., S/Sgt (ASV) G Ryal, Clarence M., S/Sgt F None

Friday, 16 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Sicily, B-24's attack a tanker in Catania harbor, scoring several hits on the target and in surrounding areas.

In Tunisia, fighters fly sea patrol. The British Eighth Army abandons their attempts to force a German retreat from Enfidaville by quick jabs and prepares to launch a full-scale assault during the night of 19/20 Apr. The 83rd Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) and 488th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 340th Bombardment Group (Medium), both with B-25's, transfers from Medenine, Tunisia to Sfax, Tunisia. The 512th and 513th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy), 376th Bombardment Group (Heavy) with B-24's transfer from Soluch, Libya to Bengasi, Libya.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sicily, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's bomb the dock area at Palermo.

In Tunisia, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters strafe trucks during the night of 15/16 Apr and during the following day. A-20's and fighter-bombers bomb Djqobel el Raar and concentrations located in various wadis in the battle area. Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) aircraft maintain sea reconnaissance and patrols. NASAF B-25's and B-26's hit the Oudns landing ground while P-38's bomb vessels near Cape Zebib and at Cape el Ahmar. The 85th and 86th Bombardment Squadrons (Light), 47th Bombardment Group (Light) with A-20's transfer from Thelepte, Tunisia to Souk-el-Arba, Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The twenty-fifth mission of 18 planes took off on April 16, 1943 at 1230 on a sea search. No bombs were dropped and the mission returned at 1700. Flight leaders were Lieut. Col. Olmsted and Lieut. Seel. Olmsted, Charles T., Lt Col, pilot, Group Executive Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt, pilot

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 26/mission 25) Group Mission # 25: ------Mission Report # 25, 16 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1230 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on sea search. ___1__ returned early. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission No. A/C __None_ dropped ___any___ bombs. __17___ returned at 1700. No. A/C Type & No. No. A/C Time Friday, 16 April 1943 (continued)

3. None.

4. Air--2 enemy transports at 1510 at 37 degrees 21’ N, 11 degrees 38’ E and one at 1520 at 37 degrees 21’ N, 10 degrees 45’ E. all heading about 30 degrees. The single E/A was attacked by escort. Marine--1 tug 2 miles N. Cape El Melah at 1443.

5. To coast, overcast at 15,000 ft. Over sea, hazy, visibility 10-20 miles. Return, visibility unlimited, overcast at 15,000 ft.

6. None. Flight Leaders – Lt. Col. Olmsted, Lt. Seel.

Number of sorties flown this date---17

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

445th BS War Diary: The officers beat the enlisted men in a softball game this evening by the score of 6-3. Lt. Buckingham was the umpire. Buckingham, Richard P., 2Lt, bombardier Olmstead, Charles T., Col, pilot, HQ 321st BG

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 26/mission 25) Group Mission # 25: 7 ships took off with Group on a sea search led by Col. Olmsted. 330 rounds of ammunition fired to clear the guns. No enemy shipping sighted, no enemy fighters encountered. Again there were no bombs dropped.

A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” A/C No. 42-53373 P Kayser, Robert B., Jr., 2Lt Olmsted, Charles T., Lt Col, HQ 321st BG CP Kent, William S., 2Lt Hartmeister, Joel T., 2Lt N None Larson, Harold W., 2Lt B Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt R Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt G Boyd, Ewell V., S/Sgt Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt F None None

Friday, 16 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13158 A/C No. 41-13207 “Oh 7” P Cratin, William S., 1Lt O’Harra, Roderick E., 2Lt CP Bitner, William H., 2Lt Goodwin, Norton (NMI), 2Lt N Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt None B Morgan, Robert E., Sgt Morse, Arthur E., Sgt E Kilmer, Reid Francis, Sgt Martine, William E., S/Sgt R Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt Hendricks, Harold L., T/Sgt G Bruyneel, Dennis A., M/Sgt Herbert, Richard J., S/Sgt F None Matthews, Earl L., S/Sgt A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt N None Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt B Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Finn, Robert F., T/Sgt R Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt Chereski, John J., T/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” P Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt CP Asbury, Wilburn (NMI), 2Lt N Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt B Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt R Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt G Pierce, William V., S/Sgt F None

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 26/mission 25) Group Mission # 25: (446th BS did not participate)

447th BS War Diary: Lt. Morton returned from Bone today after getting an engine change there. Morton, William H. "Mort", 1Lt, pilot

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 26/mission 25) Group Mission # 25: Six of our planes participated in a sea sweep today. Nothing was sighted and all our planes returned safely. More parachutes were found in this vicinity tonight. It has been reported that the paratroopers blew up a bridge a few miles from here.

Friday, 16 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry Duck” P Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Smith, Douglas P., M/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Balsom, James P., T/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., S/Sgt G Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Maj, None Commander (observer) A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” II” P Fabling, Charles R., 1Lt Richardson, Robert W. “Big Rich”, 1Lt CP Althouse, Donald I., 2Lt Hasty, Curtis B., 2Lt N None Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt B Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E Sparby, Arnold R., S/Sgt O’Connell, Daniel E., S/Sgt R O’Mara, Robert M., S/Sgt Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt G Murphy, John F., S/Sgt Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” A/C No. 41-12961 “Spare Parts” P McDuff, Daniel R. “Ruff Stuff”, 1Lt Andrews, Austin D., 1Lt CP Nixon, Donald O., 2Lt McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt N Colby, John W., 2Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator Tate, Roy W., 2Lt E Lalum, Luther I., S/Sgt Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt R Jackson, Edward B., T/Sgt Carrin, Joseph S., S/Sgt G Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt Tornio, Raymond A., Sgt F None None

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 26/mission 25) Group Mission # 25: Mission 18 (25): At 12:30 18 planes off on sea sweep, one returned early, no bombs dropped. 17 returned at 17:00. 2 E/A transports seen at 15:10 37° 21’ North 10° 45’ East, heading about 30°. Single E/A attacked by escort. Weather: Hazy over the sea.

Friday, 16 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13170 A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” P Culp, Merle H., 1Lt Urquhart, Donald A., 1Lt CP Stewart, John C., 2Lt Coffey, Kenneth H. F., 2Lt N Boland, Chester H., 2Lt None B Reich, William John, 2Lt Mundell, Roy E., 2Lt E Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt Potosky, John S., S/Sgt R Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt (ASV) Jakse, Joseph (NMI), S/Sgt (ASV) G Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt Turner, Goldburn H., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13163 A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” P Veum, Ole E., 1Lt Clough, Bernard L., 2Lt CP Davies, Robert D., 1Lt Jacobson, Norman S., 2Lt N Holt, William E., 2Lt None B Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt Kruse, Norman L., 2Lt E Porch, Dean O., S/Sgt Masteller, Harry M., S/Sgt R Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt Gardner, Thomas G., S/Sgt G Uzailko, George (NMI), S/Sgt LaRue, Augustin A., S/Sgt F None None

Saturday, 17 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Sicily, B-24's (including Liberator Mk II's of the RAF 178 Squadron, under operational control of the IX Bomber Command) bomb Catania.

In Tunisia, P-40's fly sweeps, sea patrol, and fighter-bomber missions. HQ 340th Bombardment Group (Medium) and it's 486th and 487th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) with B-25's and the 434th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), 12th Bombardment Group (Medium) with B-25's transfer from Medenine, Tunisia to Sfax, Tunisia.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sicily, B-17's bomb shipping and docks at Palermo.

In Tunisia, during the night of 16/17 April, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellington's bomb the N quay in Bizerte harbor. Shortly after noon, B-17's bomb shipping and docks at Ferryville. B-25's hit the town area and marshaling yard at Mateur. Fighters provide escort. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) Blenheims bomb La Sebala Airfield and A-20's hit Ksar Tyr and concentrations NE of Grich el Oued. Fighters fly escort and reconnaissance missions. Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) airplanes fly sea patrol and reconnaissance and attack shipping in the Strait of Sicily.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The twenty-sixth mission took off to bomb Mateur and the railroad yards on April 17, 1943. The mission was carried out with 18 planes taking part and they dropped 209 hundred-pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing, from 8,000 feet at 1810. The town, especially the southern part, was extremely well-covered by bursts. The railroad tracks running east from the town and the marshalling-yards received the same treatment and the town was blanketed by smoke. One ME109 was claimed probably destroyed. One P-40 is believed to have crashed just after leaving the target, Two FW-190s with yellow noses and top fuselage, three ME- 109s with white noses and blue bellies, were encountered. Flak was heavy and intense at El Arima and along the valley of the Tina River, 7 miles from Mateur. On Ferryville Road, 3 miles northeast of Mateur, tracers were seen passing planes and then bursting into white puffs at 6,000 feet. Photographs were taken. Flight leaders were Maj. Cook, and Lieut. Griffith. Observers were Col. Crosthwaite and Maj. Cogland. Cogland, J. L., Lt Col, HQ 47th Wing Cook, Bailey C., Maj, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Crosthwaite, John C., Col, HQ 47th Wing Griffith, Frank J. "Grif", 1Lt, pilot, 446th BS

Saturday, 17 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 27/mission 26) Group Mission # 26: ------Mission Report # 26, 17 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1600 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ Mateur and railroad yards. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target __None_ returned early. __18___ dropped 209x100 lb demolition bombs with No. A/C No. A/C Type & No. Instantaneous and 45 second fusing at 1810 from 8000 ft. __18___ returned at 1910. Time Altitude No. A/C Time

3. The town, especially southern part, was extremely well covered by bursts, also railroad tracks running east from town and marshalling yards. Town was blanketed by smoke when planes left.

One ME-109 claimed probably destroyed. One P-40 believed crashed.

4. Air--2 FW-190’s with yellow nose and top fuselage. 3 ME-109’s with white nose and blue belly. All encountered just after leaving target. Flak--Heavy and intense at El Arima and along valley of Tine River 7 miles SE and 16 miles south of Mateur. Also mobile flak along road running SW from Mateur. On Ferryville road, 3 miles NE of Mateur, tracers were seen passing planes and then bursting into white puffs at 6000 feet.

5. Enroute--CAVU with ground haze. Target--CAVU with ground haze and high stratus. Return--CAVU with slight haze.

6. None. Flight Leaders--Major Cook, Lt., Griffith. Observers--Colonel Crosthwaite and Major Cogland.

Number of sorties flown this date--18.

Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

Saturday, 17 April 1943 (continued) ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 18 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 17 April 1943

1. Target: Town of MATEUR. 2. Assault: Attack was made from NW to SE at an altitude of 8,000 feet on a 30-second bombing run. Time of attack was 1810 hours. Breakaway from the target was a diving turn to the right at an I.A.S. of 250 M.P.H. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: (a) The town and marshalling yards were well covered by bombs, also the railroad running East from town.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

445th BS War Diary: The 47th infantry beat our enlisted men in a softball game this evening, 7-1 and the 447th officers beat our officers, 5-3.

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 27/mission 26) Group Mission # 26: 10 ships took off with the Group at 16:00 led by Lt. Tipton, our Operations Officer. The target was Mateur and its railroad lines. 770 rounds of ammunition was expended. 120 x 100 lb demolition bombs were dropped from 8500 ft by our Squadron. The town and especially the southern sector, the railroad tracks and the marshalling yards were well covered. Just after leaving the target, two FW-190’s and three ME-109’s attacked the B- 25’s. One ME-109 probably destroyed. Two ME-109’s dove at the rear flight of escort on leaving the target. The flak encountered at the target was intense and fairly heavy, accurate.

A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw A/C No. 41-13211 ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt Manley, Raymond R., CP Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt N Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt None B McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E King, Paul F., S/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Chereski, John J., T/Sgt Gregory, John N., T/Sgt G Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F Crosthwaite, John C., Col, HQ 47th Wing Fehr, Robert A. “Bob”, S/Sgt (ASV) (observer) Saturday, 17 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 42-53373 A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” P Asbury, Wilburn (NMI), 2Lt McGee, William N., 2Lt CP Hartmeister, Joel T., 2Lt Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt N None None B Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt R Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt G Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt F None Cox, Bernard L., Pvt A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” A/C No. 41-13158 P Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt CP Mamerow, George A., 2Lt Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt None B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Morgan, Robert E., Sgt E Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., S/Sgt R Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt G Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt Bryant, James C., T/Sgt F None Cogland, J. L., Lt Col, HQ 47th Wing (observer) A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” P Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt Kayser, Robert B., Jr., 2Lt CP Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt Kent, William S., 2Lt N Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt None B Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt E Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt R Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt G Pierce, William V., S/Sgt Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” P Rudolph, Raymond L. “Rudy”, 2Lt CP Olson, Walter N., 2Lt N Smith, William C. “Doc”, Capt (observer) B Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt E Krause, Kenneth K., T/Sgt R Knight, Irving W., T/Sgt G Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt F Turner, Clyde R. “Bulldog”, Pvt

Saturday, 17 April 1943 (continued)

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 27/mission 26) Group Mission # 26: Group mission 23, Squadron 15: composed of 9 planes led by Lt. Bailey. The target was Mateur, and using 100 lb DM bombs the boys did an excellent job. Hits were made on the town proper, a bridge, railroad, and warehouses. The Group was highly commended by General Doolittle for this achievement. Mateur at this time was the headquarters of the Germans in Africa. S/Sgt. R.P. Leahy was slightly wounded by flak and the plane in which he was flying made an emergency landing due to the hydraulic system being shot away. Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander

A/C No. 41-13208 A/C No. 41-13008 P Chappell, Howard L., 2Lt Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt CP Brown, Aud W., 2Lt Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt N McCarter, Elmer H., Capt None B DeWitt, Joe B., S/Sgt Braucher, David C., 2Lt E Mercuri, Ralph W., T/Sgt Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt R Leahy, Richard P. “Dick”, Sgt Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, T/Sgt G Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” P Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”, 1Lt Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt CP Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt Hileman, Donald L. “Buck”, 2Lt N None Caldwell, Herman B., Jr., 1Lt B Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt E Kniffin, George Kenneth, Pvt Mitchell, Lance M., S/Sgt R Sidlik, Theophil S., T/Sgt Haley, Woodrow H., Cpl G Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt F Hixson, Sherman (NMI), 1Lt (observer) None A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep A/C No. 41-13197 Herder” P Cosner, Oliver J. “Ollie”, 1Lt Taylor, Peter D., 1Lt CP Boyd, Kenneth E., 2Lt Dains, Thomas E., 2Lt N None None B Brown, John Roland, 2Lt Beyer, William J., 2Lt E Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt R Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt G Elk, Charles (NMI), S/Sgt Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt F None None

Saturday, 17 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-12963 “Missouri Waltz” A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas Traveler” P Bradley, James L. “Jungle Jim”, Jr., 1Lt Williams, Wallace (NMI) “Spike”, Jr., 1Lt CP Carlisle, Howard L., 2Lt Morris, Richard Pervis “Big Moe”, Jr., 2Lt N None None B Davis, Sterling (NMI), 2Lt Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt E Martin, William L., S/Sgt McKibben, Walter D., Jr., S/Sgt R Sheldon, Victor W., T/Sgt Swenson, Stanley C., S/Sgt G Lovell, Curtis L., S/Sgt Porter, Walter E., S/Sgt F None Wisnesky, Benjamin H., Cpl A/C No. 41-13200 P Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt CP Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt N None B Chamberlain, Don C., S/Sgt E Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt R Shields, James A., S/Sgt G Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt F None

446th BS Special Account: On April 17, 1943 the Group earned a commendation from General Doolittle for its good work in bombing Mateur. The Squadron sent nine planes and hits were made all through the town and railroad yards and on a bridge. The town, which was the headquarters of the Germans in Africa at the time, was severely damaged. One of our planes was forced to make an emergency landing because it was so badly damaged by flak and 20 mm fire. The crew of that plane included: Lt. Chappell, pilot; Lt. Brown, co-pilot; S/Sgt. DeWitt, bombardier; Capt. McCarter, navigator; S/Sgt. Wray, turret gunner. Sgt. Leahy was hit in the face and on the thighs by 20 mm fire, but not seriously injured. The following is an account of that mission by a member of the crew: Brown, Aud W., 2Lt, pilot Chappell, Howard L., 2Lt, pilot DeWitt, Joe B., S/Sgt, bombardier-gunner Leahy, Richard P. "Dick", Sgt, gunner McCarter, Elmer H., Capt, navigator Mercuri, Ralph W., T/Sgt, engineer-gunner Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt, turret gunner Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander Our target for April 17, 1943 was the city of Mateur, at that time the headquarters of the enemy in Africa. Our flight of nine planes was led by Lt. Bailey. We came in from the sea and covered our target extremely well, later being commended by General Doolittle. As we were leaving the target amid intense flak we were attacked by a ME- 109 from beneath and to our rear. S/Sgt. Mercuri who manned the tail gun could not quite reach it with his gun for it was in the blind spot of the plane. As the enemy pursuit came up the turret gunner, S/Sgt. Charles E. Wray fired at it. Shortly thereafter the Saturday, 17 April 1943 (continued) pursuit made a final attack and a 20 mm high explosive shell hit the armor plane of my left waist gun, the fragments of which struck my face and thighs. Capt. McCarter, our navigator, called S/Sgt. Mercuri to the front of the plane for consultation as our hydraulic system had been shot out. When we were in the clear we found that our plane had been badly damaged with large flak and 20 mm holes in the right nacelle, right wing, tail section, and left nacelle. Lt. Chappell, the pilot, informed us to prepare for an emergency landing. S/Sgt. Mercuri checked S/Sgt. Wray and myself on the procedure on the use of the emergency landing gear. Coolness and cooperation were displayed by the whole crew and the day ended with a perfect landing by Lt. Chappell of a plane with 258 holes.

Richard P. Leahy, T/Sgt. Bailey, Harold M., 1Lt, pilot Chappell, Howard L., 2Lt, pilot Leahy, Richard P. "Dick", Sgt, gunner McCarter, Elmer H., Capt, navigator Mercuri, Ralph W., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt, turret gunner Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander

447th BS War Diary: The 447th officers soundly trounced the 448th officers in a game of soft-ball.

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 27/mission 26) Group Mission # 26: (447th BS did not participate)

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 27/mission 26) Group Mission # 26: (448th BS did not participate)

Sunday, 18 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): Off Cap Bon, 46 P- 40F's of the 57th Fighter Group's three squadrons (64th, 65th and 66th Fighter Squadrons) and the attached 314th Fighter Squadron, 324th Fighter Group, plus 11 Spitfires of the RAF 92 Squadron flying top cover, take off to patrol. At approximately 1800 hours, they spot 2 Bf 109's and an armada of 65 Ju 52/3m transports heading back to Sicily for more supplies. The transports are in three great vees, covered by 16 Bf 109's and Mc 202's and 5 Bf 110's. The 64th Fighter Squadron and the RAF Spitfires stay high; the remaining 3 squadrons of P-40's attack the Luftwaffe formation and down 24 Ju 53/3m's and 16 fighters; another 35 Ju 52/3m's crash along the coast.

In Sicily, B-24's attack Catania.

In Tunisia, P-40's fly sweeps, armored reconnaissance, escort, and fighter-bomber missions. B-25's hit landing grounds.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, during the night of 17/18 Apr, RAF Wellingtons bomb the Tunis docks and marshalling yard. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) Blenheims hit the La Marsa landing ground while fighter fly reconnaissance and scramble missions. Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) fighters fly reconnaissance and patrols, attacking vessels, troop columns, and trucks in the Tunisian coastal area.

In Sicily, over 75 B-17's, escorted by P-38's, attack Boccadifalco Airfield and the Palermo Marshalling Yard.

In Sardinia, B-25's, escorted by P-38's, hit the Alghero-Fertilia Airfield and shipping at Porto Torres while Beaufighters attack the Decimomannu Airfield.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry

445th BS War Diary: No mission. There were two local training gunnery missions.

445th BS Special Account: On April 17, Major Cook led a formation of 18 ships in a raid on Mateur and its railroad yards. The official report stated that “the town, especially the southern part, was extremely well covered by bursts, as well as the railroad tracks and marshalling yards.”

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

Sunday, 18 April 1943 (continued)

447th BS War Diary: Palm Sunday—no mission. The 447th officers played a close game of softball with the 445th officers---winning 5-3.

447th BS: War Diary of: McDuff, Daniel R., 2Lt, pilot: “The end of the African campaign is now supposed to be in sight. Rommel has only a small corner of Tunisia and apparently can’t last long. But I wonder---Rommel is a pretty smart boy, and if he chooses to hold I think he can dish out plenty of unforeseen trouble. I think he chooses to hold. But under the circumstances and considering only the campaign itself, he would be smart to call it quits and surrender. But he doesn’t consider the campaign. I’m sure he realizes the campaign is lost to his cause, and by holding and fighting to the last man, he hopes only to postpone the final result that will accrue to the Axis when they lose all contact in Africa. Most people in a position to prognosticate say he can’t last through May. I sincerely hope so---but my guess is “Wait and see.” On the last two sea sweeps I’ve been on we have seen nothing. Either Rommel is not shipping or he is cleverly avoiding us. And either possibility foretells big events in the near future….events that are taking shape even now. But what these events are, I don’t know, and don’t believe anyone knows. So, “wait and see.”

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Monday, 19 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, B-25's hit landing grounds and defensive positions, and P- 40's escort bombers and fly fighter sweeps as the British Eighth Army opens an assault on Enfidaville positions.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, during the night of 18/19 Apr, Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) Blenheims bomb La Marsa landing ground and roads nearby, and attack activity on beach at Reyville. During the day, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's bomb shipping at Tunis. B-25's and A -20's raid the La Sebala Airfield. Fighter-bombers attack tanks in the battle area. Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) maintains sea reconnaissance and patrols as far as Sardinia and sea approaches to Naples. NAAF aircraft claim over 100 aircraft destroyed during the day.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: On April 19, 1943, at 0700 18 planes took off on a sea search. No bombs were dropped and all planes returned at 1005. The escort dropped tanks on sighting unidentified planes and turned back. Flight leaders were Capt. Heinlen and Capt. Bates. Bates, James P., Capt, pilot, Commander, 448th BS Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, pilot, Commander, 448th BS

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 28/mission 27) Group Mission # 27: ------Mission Report # 27, 19 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0700 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on sea search. __None_ returned early. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission No. A/C __None_ dropped ___any___ bombs. __18___ returned at 1005. No. A/C Type & No. No. A/C Time

3. Escort dropped tanks on sighting unidentified planes and turned back.

4. Air--None. Flak--None. Marine--None.

5. To Coast--Visibility 5 miles overcast 6-7 thousand feet. Over sea--Visibility unlimited, overcast 9000 feet. From coast--Visibility 5 miles, overcast 6-7000 feet. Monday, 19 April 1943 (continued)

6. None. Flight Leaders—Captain Heinlen, Captain Bates.

Number of sorties flown this date--18.

No Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 20 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 19 April 1943

1. Target: Counter-Shipping Sweep. 2. Assault: None. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: Mission not completed as fighter escort turned back toward base upon sighting a formation of approaching aircraft. Formation turned around at initial point of course. 18 Airplanes returned 108 500-lb. bombs to base.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

445th BS War Diary: Yellow and red alerts were sounded late this afternoon when 60 unidentified aircraft were reported flying in our direction. Everyone found a foxhole. The enemy aircraft failed to appear. The 445th officers beat the 446th officers by 1 run in a softball game this evening by a score of 12-11. The game was won by Lt. Jackson when he homered in the last inning. Jackson, James Oliver, 1Lt, intelligence

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 28/mission 27) Group Mission # 27: Three ships took off at 06:45 as spares for the formation. One ship filled in. All ships were forced to return short of the target because the fighter escort had to drop fuel tanks when about 50 FW-189’s approached the bomber formation.

Monday, 19 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt N None B Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt E Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt R Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt F None

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 28/mission 27) Group Mission # 27: Group mission 27, Sqdn 16: composed of 3 planes led by Lt. Bailey on a sea sweep. 500 lb bombs were carried but no target sighted.

A/C No. 41-13200 A/C No. 41-13008 P Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt CP Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt N None None B Chamberlain, Don C., S/Sgt Braucher, David C., 2Lt E Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt R Shields, James A., S/Sgt Haasch, George F., S/Sgt G Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt F Swenson, Stanley C., S/Sgt (ASV) None A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” P Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”, 1Lt CP Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt N None B Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt E Kniffin, George Kenneth, Pvt R Sidlik, Theophil S., T/Sgt G Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt F None

Monday, 19 April 1943 (continued)

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 28/mission 27) Group Mission # 27: Nine of our planes participated in a sea sweep today. No target was sighted and all planes returned safely.

A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” II” P Fabling, Charles R., 1Lt McDuff, Daniel R. “Ruff Stuff”, 2Lt CP Althouse, Donald I., 2Lt Nixon, Donald O., 2Lt N Black, Donald (NMI) “Blackie”, 1Lt Colby, John W., 2Lt B None listed – likely the navigator None listed – likely the navigator E Sparby, Arnold R., S/Sgt Lalum, Luther I., S/Sgt R O’Mara, Robert M., S/Sgt Jackson, Edward B., T/Sgt G Murphy, John F., S/Sgt Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt F None Christensen, Lars (NMI), Sr., Pvt A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” A/C No. 41-30002 P Morton, William H. “Mort”, 1Lt Lungren, Charles D., 1Lt CP Morganti, Clyde J., 2Lt Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N None None B Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E O’Donnell, Vincent T., S/Sgt Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Fryer, John R., T/Sgt Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G DesJardins, Patrick H., S/Sgt Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F None Hassett, Leo P., Pvt A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry Lady” Duck” P DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N None None B Lieberman, Stanley (NMI), 2Lt McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., S/Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12961 “Spare Parts” A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” P Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt Bates, James P. “Jimmy”, Capt CP Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt N None Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt B Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt Hartis, John G., 2Lt E Nelson, James E., S/Sgt Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F None None Monday, 19 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13210 “Buckeye Cannon Ball” P Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt CP Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt N Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt B Tate, Roy W., 2Lt E Nittle, Samuel (NMI), S/Sgt R Balsom, James P., T/Sgt G Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt F None

447th BS: War Diary of: McDuff, Daniel R., 2Lt, pilot: “This next incident---involving our fighter escort---requires some explanation. What happened was foolish and could have been avoided---but as it happened it was the only thing to be expected and nothing could be done about it at the time. Our sea sweeps are fairly long as planned. Usually they vary between 550 and 750 miles, which is a long way for fighter ships to go. The P-38, however, is equipped with belly fuel tanks, large tear shaped tanks slung under the wing, the contents of which add appreciably to the range of the ship. At the first sign of a fight these tanks are dropped so as to reduce weight and drag on the ship. And immediately after the tanks are dropped, the P-38 has a limited range and has to turn home almost immediately, depending on opposition encountered and the distance home. Well, on this particular morning, we were 18 Mitchells and about 30 P-38’s. Our course as plotted lead us all around Axis held Tunisia, going northeast, then east, then south, and then west and back to our base. We were well on our way, our position almost directly north of Bizerte, when on the horizon ahead and coming almost directly at us was on helluva cloud of fighters! As they passed to our right, I looked back (as nearly back as I could) and saw our escort wheeling to the right as though to meet the approaching fighters. I saw great splashes in the water and though first it might be gunfire---that we were already being attacked. But then it dawned on me---those splashes were belly tanks being dropped by our escort as they closed to meet the enemy. But---getting a good look at one of the last fighters to go by us to our right--- imagine my surprise and relief to recognize—not an Axis fighter---but a P-38. We had run into an off shore patrol going around the other way! Each group of fighters, on sighting the other—had prepared for a fight and had dropped their belly tanks! To continue the sweep was then out of the question—nothing to do but turn around and go home. It was a shame, too, because apparently a convoy was known to have been out there. At any rate, when we landed we were immediately put on readiness to go out again—but, although we were on alert most of the afternoon, the mission was finally cancelled and we didn’t go out…”

Monday, 19 April 1943 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 28/mission 27) Group Mission # 27: Mission 19 (27): At 07:00 18 planes off on sea sweep, all returned at 10:05. No enemy activity seen. F/L: Heinlen and Bates.

A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” P Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, Commander Davies, Robert D., 1Lt CP Bowman, William W., 2Lt Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt None B Brown, Robert H. “Brownie”, 1Lt Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt E Ridgeway, Robert L., S/Sgt Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” A/C No. 41-13170 P Sinclair, Ervin W., Jr., 1Lt Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt CP Cassels, Richard E., 2Lt DeMuth, Robert D., 2Lt N None None B Castle, Roy V., S/Sgt Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt E Robb, Earl K., S/Sgt Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt R Orman, Virgil N., S/Sgt Taylor, Allan J., S/Sgt G Gurnee, Clarence E. “Shine”, S/Sgt Mahan, John J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13163 P Veum, Ole E., 1Lt CP Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt N Holt, William E., 2Lt B Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt E Porch, Dean O., S/Sgt R Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt G Uzailko, George (NMI), S/Sgt F None Tuesday, 20 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, P-40's fly sweeps, reconnaissance, and fighter-bomber missions as British ground forces take Enfidaville E and push N. Forces on the left are checked by stubborn enemy resistance at Djebel Garci.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's and B-25's bomb the landing grounds of Mabtouha, La Marsa, La Sebala, Sidi Ahmed, Creteville, and near Protville. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters fly escort, carry out reconnaissance, and attack various Tunisian airfields. The Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF) continues sea patrols and reconnaissance as far- reaching as the approaches to Naples, Italy.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The twenty-eighth mission of 18 planes took off at 0605 on April 20, 1943 on a sea search. It was a dry run and all planes returned at 1000. The target was not sighted. Three ME-109s were intercepted by the escort. A twin-engine single tail plane and a single engine flying boat were observed going north at Mamoura, but both were identified as friendly. Flight leaders were Capt. Heinlen and Capt. Bates. Bates, James P. "Jimmy", Capt, pilot, 447th BS Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, pilot, Commander, 448th BS On April 20, 1943 the twenty-ninth mission of 18 planes took off at 0815 to bomb the landing ground at a Tunisian airfield. Three planes returned early, but the rest dropped 170 hundred-pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing at 0954 from 8,000 to 8,500 feet. The landing ground was covered by bombs and revetments were hit. Sixteen FW-190s were seen 3 to 4 miles west of Tunis, but they did not attack. Five ME-109s appeared on east side of formation over the target and were driven off by escorting Spitfires. Flak was light and heavy, not very intense but accurate over the target and at Djedeida and Tebourba. Formation encountered tracers at 8,300 feet over the target. About 5 planes, very likely transports, were seen on the southeast side of the runway. Building activity or concentration of equipment on two sides of the field were observed. Smoke was seen coming from the Bizerte harbor and docks. Heavy smoke was seen coming from the Tunis causeway, which appeared to be severely damaged. Photographs were taken. Flight leaders were Lieut. Tipton and Lieut. Griffith. Griffith, Frank J. "Grif", 1Lt, pilot, 446th BS Tipton, Richard Pike "Tip", 1Lt, pilot, 445th BS

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Communications Log: 04:30 Called WING. “Course too long for fighters--have changed course to following: I.P. 37°40’N, 11°40’E, A37°20’N, 10°55’E: B, 37°35’N, 11°30’E: C, 36°40’N, 11°150’E: then home by land (South)”. (WVM)

06:05 Eighteen (18) A/C took off on Sea Search. One (1) A/C landed at Bone (41-13207, O’HARRA—spare) at 07:50, damaged rudder caused by runaway waist gun.

08:15 Eighteen (18) A/C took off, L/G at J-8875. Three A/C returned early.

10:00 Eighteen (18) A/C returned.

11:30 Fifteen (15) A/C returned.

16:40 From RIDENOUR, received Operations Order number 92, missions I, II and III for April 21, 1943.

10:30 Telephone message from Colonel JOHNSON. “Wants plane set-up for short trip. (Lt. ANDREWS A/C #12997, 447th).

15:05 Telephone message from WING (COLONEL KELLOG). “36 with 100 lb. Inst. And 45 second fusing to be split 3 ways”. CWO.

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 29/mission 28) Group Mission # 28: ------Mission Report # 28, 20 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0605 _18__ _B-25s__ took off on sea search. None returned early. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission __None_ dropped ___any___ bombs. __18___ returned at 1000. No. A/C Type & No. No. A/C Time

3. No target sighted.

4. Air--3 ME 109’s intercepted by escort. 1 twin engine single tail plane N. Bizerte and 1 single engine flying boat, or amphibian, going north at Mamoura. Both identified as friendly by escort. Land--3 S/E aircraft crashed on beach S. of Cape Bon near Menzel Heurr. One was in good shape and two seemed wrecked. Had white spinners and white band on fuselage. Identified as M-202.

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

Flak--4 large possibly 6 inch gun emplacements at about 36 degrees 50’ North and 10 degrees 55’ East. Marine--None.

5. To Coast--Visibility 8 miles overcast at 1500 feet. Over sea--CAVU. From coast--Visibility 8 miles overcast at 1500 feet.

6. None.

Flight Leaders—Captain Heinlen, Captain Bates.

Number of sorties flown this date--18.

No Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 20 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission No. 1 of 20 April 1943

1. Target: Shipping Sweep.

2. Assault: None.

3. Own Aircraft Losses: None.

4. Remarks: (a) No target sighted. (b) Airplane 41-13207 (Spare), Pilot O’HARRA, RODERICK E., made emergency landing at Bone at 0750. Landing due to runaway waist gun damaging rudder. (c) 18 Airplanes returned 108 500-lb. bombs to the field.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 30/mission 29) Group Mission # 29: ------Mission Report # 29, 20 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0815 _18__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at J-8875. ___3___ Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early. _15__ dropped 170x100 demolition bombs. With instantaneous and No. A/C Type & No. 45 second fusing at 0934 from 8000 to 8500 feet. __15___ returned at 1130. No. A/C Time

3. L/G well covered by bombs and revetments hit.

4. Air--16 FW-190’s seen 3 to 4 miles W. of Tunis. They did not attack. 5 ME-109’s appeared on east side of formation over target and were driven off by escorting Spitfires. Flak--Light and heavy not very intense but accurate over target and at Djedeida and Tebourba. Encountered tracers at 8300 feet over target. Land--About 5 ships probably transports seen on SE. side of runway.

Building activity or concentration of equipment on NW & SE side of field.

Smoke observed at Bizerte harbor and docks. Heavy smoke seen coming from Tunis causeway which appeared severely damaged.

5. Visibility restricted to 8 miles by dust and haze. Scattered clouds at 10,000 feet.

6. None. Flight Leaders--Lt. Griffith, Lt. Tipton. Observers--Major Pemberton and Major Cook.

Number of sorties flown this date--33

Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 20 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission # 2 of 20 April 1943

1. Target: L/G at J-8875. 2. Assault: Attack made at 0954 hours from S/W to N/E at altitude of 8500 ft. Straight run of thirty seconds at 250 M.P.H. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: 20 Aircraft, including spares, took off at 0815. Airplane 41-12995, Pilot FORD, CHARLES L. JR., returned at 0833 due to push rod failure. Airplane 41-29759, Pilot ANDREWS, AUSTIN D., returned at 0841 due to gas gauge failure. Airplane 41-29775, Pilot FINEMAN, ERNEST, returned at 0900 due to runaway waist gun. Airplane 41-13197, Pilot TAYLOR, PETER D., returned at 0913 due to broken charging handle on tail gun. Airplane 41-13192, Pilot BROWNING, EUGENE S., took off late due to plane being stuck in hole on taxi strip. Returned at 0915 after failing to locate formation.

(b) L/G well covered by bombs and revetments hit.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

445th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 29/mission 28) Group Mission # 28: Three ships joined the Group as spares in a sea search. Two of our ships filled in. Lt. O’Harra was forced down at Bone when a runaway waist gun damaged the rudder. No enemy shipping was sighted and no enemy fighters were encountered.

A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt Cratin, William S., 1Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt Bitner, William H., 2Lt N None Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt B Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Bruyneel, Dennis A., M/Sgt F Choka, Andrew J., S/Sgt None

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13207 “Oh 7” (spare - emergency landing at Bone at 0750, due to runaway waist gun damaging rudder) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P O’Harra, Roderick E., CP Goodwin, Norton (NMI), 2Lt N None B Morse, Arthur E., Sgt E Martine, William E., S/Sgt R Hendricks, Harold L., T/Sgt G Herbert, Richard J., S/Sgt F None

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 30/mission 29) Group Mission # 29: On the second mission 7 of our ships joined the formation led by Lt. Tipton to bomb the landing ground at Mabtouha. 520 rounds of ammunition were fired to clear the guns. 84 x 100 lb. demolition bombs were dropped on the target. The results of the mission were reported as satisfactory.

A/C No. 41-29767 “Flying Patch” A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” P Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 2Lt CP Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt Mamerow, George A., 2Lt N None None B Cossel, Peter G., S/Sgt Flynn, Thomas H., S/Sgt E Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., S/Sgt Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt G Pierce, William V., S/Sgt Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Kayser, Robert B., Jr., 2Lt Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt CP Kent, William S., 2Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt N None Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt B Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt Evans, James H. “Two-Guns”, 2Lt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt Finn, Robert F., T/Sgt R Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt Chereski, John J., T/Sgt G Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt F Boyd, Ewell V., S/Sgt (ASV) Pemberton, Francis R., Maj, HQ 321st BG (observer)

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13158 A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” P Grau, Robert B., 2Lt McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt None B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Wright, Warren D., S/Sgt Gregory, John N., T/Sgt G Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander Fehr, Robert A. “Bob”, S/Sgt (ASV) (observer) A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” P Rudolph, Raymond L. “Rudy”, 2Lt CP Olson, Walter N., 2Lt N None B Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt E Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt R Knight, Irving W., T/Sgt G Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt F None

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 29/mission 28) Group Mission # 28: Group mission 28, Sqdn 17: Lt. Axson led four planes carrying 500 lb bombs, but no target sighted.

A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” A/C No. 41-13200 P Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”, 1Lt Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt CP Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt N None None B Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt Chamberlain, Don C., S/Sgt E Kniffin, George Kenneth, Pvt Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt R Sidlik, Theophil S., T/Sgt Shields, James A., S/Sgt G Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt F Haasch, George F., S/Sgt (ASV) Swenson, Stanley C., S/Sgt (ASV)

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas A/C No. 41-13008 Traveler” P Williams, Wallace (NMI) “Spike”, Jr., Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt 1Lt CP Morris, Richard Pervis “Big Moe”, Jr., Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt 2Lt N None None B Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt Braucher, David C., 2Lt E McKibben, Walter D., Jr., S/Sgt Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt R Sheehan, William F., T/Sgt Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, T/Sgt G Porter, Walter E., S/Sgt Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt F None None

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 30/mission 29) Group Mission # 29: Group mission 29, Sqdn 18: composed of 5 planes led by Lt. Griffith. Target was the Mabtouha L/G. 100 lb bombs were carried, and were dropped accurately. A direct hit was made on a railroad.

A/C No. 41-29760 “Honky Tonk” A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” P Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt Chappell, Howard L., 1Lt CP Hileman, Donald L. “Buck”, 2Lt Orrantia, Gilbert D., 2Lt N Caldwell, Herman B., Jr., 1Lt None B Marek, Joseph J., 2Lt McCarter, Elmer H., Capt E Mitchell, Lance M., S/Sgt Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt R Haley, Woodrow H., Cpl Beach, Louis A., T/Sgt G Pillman, Frank W., S/Sgt South, William R., S/Sgt F Ford, George L., 1Lt (observer) None A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep A/C No. 41-12963 “Missouri Waltz” Herder” P Martin, John K. “Kirk”, 1Lt Bradley, James L. “Jungle Jim”, Jr., 1Lt CP Brown, Aud W., 2Lt Carlisle, Howard L., 2Lt N None Davis, Sterling (NMI), 2Lt B Fieldon, Gordon S. “Jack”, S/Sgt DeWitt, Joe B., S/Sgt E Lytle, Logan Lee, S/Sgt Martin, William L., S/Sgt R Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt Sheldon, Victor W., T/Sgt G Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt Lovell, Curtis L., S/Sgt F None None

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29771 A/C No. 41-13197 (returned at 0913 due to broken charging handle on tail gun.) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt Taylor, Peter D., CP Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt Brooks, LeRoy O., 2Lt N None None B Harris, Posey T., 2Lt Beyer, William J., 2Lt E Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt R Friscia, Frank J., Jr., S/Sgt Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt G Haresign, James M., S/Sgt Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13192 (took off late due to plane being stuck in hole on taxi strip. Returned at 0915 after failing to locate formation.) (only A/C and pilot identified) P Browning, Eugene S. “Squif”, 2Lt CP N None B E R G F None

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 29/mission 28) Group Mission # 28: Eight of our planes participated in a sea sweep today. Nothing was sighted and all planes returned safely.

A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” P McDuff, Daniel R. “Ruff Stuff”, 2Lt Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt CP Ackley, James H., 2Lt Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt N Colby, John W., 2Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator Hartis, John G., 2Lt E Lalum, Luther I., S/Sgt Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R Jackson, Edward B., T/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F Hassett, Leo P., Pvt None

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry Lady” Duck” P Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Bugbee, James Metcalf “Jim”, 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N Weaver, Charles M. “Jug”, 1Lt None B None listed – likely the navigator McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., S/Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” A/C No. 41-30002 P Bates, James P. “Jimmy”, Capt Lungren, Charles D., 1Lt CP Morganti, Clyde J., 2Lt Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N Black, Donald (NMI) “Blackie”, 1Lt None B Lieberman, Stanley (NMI), 2Lt Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E O’Donnell, Vincent T., S/Sgt Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Fryer, John R., T/Sgt Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G DesJardins, Patrick H., S/Sgt Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13175 “The Saint Myrtle A/C No. 41-13210 “Buckeye Cannon II” Ball” P Fabling, Charles R., 1Lt Seel, Peter B., Jr., 1Lt CP Althouse, Donald I., 2Lt Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt N None Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt B Quilty, Bernard F. “Bernie”, S/Sgt Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt E Sparby, Arnold R., S/Sgt Nittle, Samuel (NMI), S/Sgt R Gregory, Ralph J. H., Sgt Balsom, James P., T/Sgt G Murphy, John F., S/Sgt Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt F None None

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 30/mission 29) Group Mission # 29:

A/C No. 41-29759 “Kentucky Ridge A/C No. 41-29775 “Double Trouble” Runner” (returned at 0841 due to gas (returned at 0900 due to runaway waist gauge failure) (only A/C and pilot gun) (only A/C and pilot identified – identified – likely crew is) likely crew is) P Andrews, Austin D., 1Lt Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt CP McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt N None None B Tate, Roy W., 2Lt Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt E Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt Nelson, James E., S/Sgt R Carrin, Joseph S., S/Sgt Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt G Tornio, Raymond A., Sgt Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt F None None Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

447th BS: War Diary of: Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt, pilot (mission 3) TARGET: Sea Sweep 3:45 Plane 181 “No target sighted. 3 ME-109’s were intercepted by escort.”

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 29/mission 28) Group Mission # 28: Mission 20 (28): At 06:05 18 planes off on sea sweep, all planes returned at 10:00. No bombs dropped. 3 ME-109’s intercepted by escort. Weather: CAVU. F/L: Heinlen and Bates.

A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” P Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, Commander Sinclair, Ervin W., Jr., 1Lt CP Bowman, William W., 2Lt Cassels, Richard E., 2Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt None B Brown, Robert H. “Brownie”, 1Lt Patterson, L. J. (i.o.), S/Sgt E Ridgeway, Robert L., S/Sgt Robb, Earl K., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt Orman, Virgil N., S/Sgt G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt Gurnee, Clarence E. “Shine”, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” A/C No. 41-13170 P Davies, Robert D., 1Lt Bucheneau, Harry T., 2Lt CP Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt N None None B Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt E Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt R Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt G Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt F None None

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 30/mission 29) Group Mission # 29: Mission 21 (29): At 08:15 18 planes off to bomb L/G at J8875. 3 returned early, 15 dropped 1170 x 100 bombs at 09:54 from 8000 feet. L/G well covered by bombs also revetment. 16 FW-190’s seen 3 to 4 miles West of Tunis, they did not attack. 5 ME- 109’s driven off by escort. Moderate, heavy and light inaccurate flak. Weather: Hazy and scattered clouds.

Tuesday, 20 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29765 A/C No. 41-29774 P Hardzog, Walter A., Jr., 1Lt Culp, Merle H., 1Lt CP McCurry, Milton L., 1Lt Stewart, John C., 2Lt N Cheetham, McClain (NMI), 2Lt Boland, Chester H., 2Lt B Abrams, Carl V., 2Lt Reich, William John, 2Lt E Ripple, William E. “Rip”, S/Sgt Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt R Featherstone, Charles A. “Pappy”, T/Sgt Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt (ASV) G Wallace, John R., S/Sgt Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29770 A/C No. 41-12995 “Charlie’s Aunt” (returned at 0833 due to push rod failure.) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Clough, Bernard L., 2Lt Ford, Charles L. “Junior”, Jr., CP Jacobson, Norman S., 2Lt Bruton, John E., 2Lt N None None B Kruse, Norman L., 2Lt Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt E Masteller, Harry M., S/Sgt Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt R Gardner, Thomas G., S/Sgt Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt G LaRue, Augustin A., S/Sgt White, George E., S/Sgt F None None

Wednesday, 21 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, RAF Liberators, under operational control of the IX Bomber Command, bomb Naples.

In Tunisia, P-40's bomb and strafe barges along the coast. The British Eighth Army meets such fierce opposition at Takrouna that General Montgomery decides to confine the offensive to the coastal region.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, weather prevents completion of any missions by the Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF). Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters and A-20's hit landing grounds and military traffic on roads, fly sweeps and armed reconnaissance, and attack ground forces and aircraft in the Medjez el Bab-Goubellat area where an enemy counterattack by armored and infantry columns during the night of 20/21 Apr ends in costly failure. The 346th and 347th Fighter Squadrons, 350th Fighter Group with P-39's swap bases; the 346th moves from La Senia, Algeria to Orleansville, Algeria; the 347th moves from Orleansville to Le Sers, Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: Twelve planes took off to bomb a landing field on April 21, 1943, but no bombs were dropped and all planes returned at 0959. Mission, the thirtieth, was cancelled at rendezvous because of the weather. Flight leaders were Lieut. Tipton and Lieut. Cratin. Maj. Pinger went along as observer. Cratin, William S., 1Lt, pilot, 445th BS Tipton, Richard Pike "Tip", 1Lt, pilot, 445th BS Pinger, Robert R., Maj, Group Surgeon, HQ 321st BG

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order xx/mission xx) Group Mission # 30: (Crew lists not available – they were not filed with the mission report) ------Mission Report # 30, 21 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 0831 _12__ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at J-9784. _None__ Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early. None_ dropped ___any___ bombs. __12___ returned at 0959. No. A/C Type & No. No. A/C Time

3. Sent back at rendezvous because of weather.

4. None. Wednesday, 21 April 1943 (continued)

5. Low clouds and rain.

6. None. Flight Leaders--Lt. Tipton and Lt. Cratin. Observers--Major Pinger.

No Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

445th BS War Diary: There was a mission today but the weather prevented the ships from reaching the target. Major General Doolittle flew in one of our ships this afternoon. Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: Usual garrison duties.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Thursday, 22 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO): EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): In Tunisia, P-40's fly fighter sweeps over the battle area along the Gulf of Hammamet.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-26's bomb 2 landing grounds near Protville. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters and A-20's fly sweeps, reconnaissance, and patrols and attack positions at Djebel el Ahmera (Longstop Ridge), Sidi Nsir, Djebel el Ajred (Bald Hill), and other points as the British First Army's 5 Corps launches the start of the final phase of the assault on Tunis and Bizerte, attacking on a front N and S of Medjez el Bab. In Italy, B-26's hit the harbor at Carloforte on San Pietro Island.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: The thirty-first mission took off on April 22, 1943 at 1100 with 15 planes to bomb a landing field in Tunisia, indicated only by code number. Three planes returned early. The others dropped 142 hundred-pound bombs from 8,000 feet. The landing ground was well-covered with bursts. Heavy flak, moderately intense, began about 15 miles southwest of the target, principally from the mountains and roads. We dropped 5,000 German and 5,000 Italian propaganda leaflets at Djedeida and at the target. Flight leaders were Capt. Heinlen and Lieut. Isaacson. Col. Ridenour of the 47th Bomb Wing was an observer. Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, pilot, Commander, 448th BS Isaacson, Clayton M. “Ike”, 1Lt, pilot, 448th BS Ridenour, Carlyle H., Col, HQ 47th Wing, Commander The thirty-second mission took off at 1445 on April 22, 1943 with 15 planes to bomb a landing ground in Tunisia. Three planes returned early, but the rest dropped 132 hundred-pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing from 6,500 feet. The runway and the landing ground were hit as well as flak positions. Smoke was seen rising from the field. The railroad was cut between Ain Rhelal and Sidi Athman. One ME-109 was claimed destroyed. One FW-190 was shot down by their own flak. We also dropped 5,000 German and 5,000 Italian leaflets near the target. Six FW-190s with white noses and black fuselages, 4 ME-109s with white spinners and 3 with yellow spinners were observed in the air. Five enemy aircraft were seen taking off from an unidentified field near the coast, but they did not attack. Two medium-sized vessels were observed at the southern end of Lake Bizerte. Flak was heavy, moderate, from Medjez El Bah, Bordj Town, Chouigui and Protville. Flak was not intense over the target. Flak was more or less continuous while across the bomb-line. A small motor convoy was sighted moving towards Mateur. One ME-109 was claimed destroyed by Staff Sgt. Logan L. Lytle of Sutton, Nebr. Flight leaders were Maj. Sampson, recently promoted; and Lieut. Griffith. Photographs of the bombing were taken. Griffith, Frank J. "Grif", 1Lt, pilot, 446th BS Lytle, Logan "Lee", S/Sgt, engineer-gunner, 446th BS Sampson, Raymond D. "Sammy", Maj, pilot, Commander, 447th BS Thursday, 22 April 1943(continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: ------Mission Report # 31, 22 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1100 15 (3Spares) _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at J-8875. 3 (2Spares) Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early. _12__ dropped 142x100 lb. demo. bombs with instantaneous No. A/C Type & No and 45 second fusing at 1253 from 8000 ft. _2 (1Spare) _ returned at 1430. Time Alt. No. A/C Time

3. Landing ground well covered with bursts except in SE corner. A fire was observed on field near NE side of pond. 5 S/E planes on S. side of field were hit by bursts.

4. Air--12 S/E planes parked around field.

Flak--Heavy flak moderately intense began about 15 miles SW of target, principally from mountains and roads. Accurate as to altitude but was mostly ahead or trailing. Also from Bordj Toum and 7 miles W. of Medjez el Bah. One battery near E. edge of L/G.

Marine--1 M/V about 10,000 tons, engine amidships, at 37°15’N, 10°10’E at 1301, and one smaller M/V with well deck, at 37°15’N, 10°05’E at 1304. Vessels apparently anchored or beached with barges around them. 5 small vessels, perhaps E boats, 5 miles NE of Cape Zebib, heading towards Sicily.

5. Enroute--Hazy, scattered clouds. Target--Hazy, scattered clouds at 10,000 feet. Visibility about 8 miles. Return--Hazy, scattered clouds.

6. None. Flight Leaders--Captain Heinlen and Lt. Isaacson. Observer--Colonel Ridenour. Number of sorties flown this date--12 (total of both missions) Photos taken.

FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------

Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued) ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 23 April 1943

A-3 REPORT First Mission of 22 April 1943

1. Target: Landing Ground at J-8875. 2. Assault: Attack was made from SW to NE at an altitude of 7500 feet. The bombing run lasted 45 seconds at 240 mph. Breakaway was to the right in a slight diving turn at 250 mph, which was the beginning of evasive action. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: L/G was well covered by bombs. One airplane failed to take off, B-25D 41-29774, Pilot Lt. BUCHENAU due to booster coil failure making it impossible to start left engine. B-25C 41-13172, Pilot Lt. URQUHART returned to field immediately after take-off due to mud on windows picked up during take-off. Spares took their places. Five thousand German and 5000 Italian leaflets were dropped at DJEDEIDA and at the target. Two 100 # demolition bombs were returned.

ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 32/mission 31) Group Mission # 32: ------Mission Report # 32, 22 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1445 15 (3Spares) _ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ L/G at J-9182. 3 (1Spare) Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target No. A/C returned early. _12__ dropped 132x100 lb. demolition bombs with instantaneous No. A/C Type & No and 45 second fusing at 1253 from 8000 ft. _2 (1Spare) _ returned at 1430. Time Alt. No. A/C Time

3. Runway and L/G were hit. Also flak position on NW side of target. Smoke seen rising from field. RR cut between Ain Rhelal and Sidi Athman. One ME-109 claimed destroyed. One FW-190 shot down by own flak. 5000 German and 5000 Italian leaflets dropped near target. Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued)

4. Air--6 FW-190’s with white nose and black fuselage, 4 ME-109’s with white spinners and 3 with yellow spinners, attacked over target. Escort was far to rear. 5 E/A seen taking off from unidentified field near coast. Did not attack. Marine--2 medium size vessels at southern end of Lake Bizerte. Flak--Heavy, moderate, from Medjez El Bah, Bordj Toum, Chouigui and Protville. Not intense over target. Flak more or less continuous while across bomb line. Land--Small motor convoy sighted at 36°55’N, 09°30’E moving towards Mateur. L/G seen at J-9975. No planes observed.

5. Enroute--Scattered clouds, visibility 7 miles. Target--Cloud layers at 4500 feet, 8/10 visibility. Return--Scattered clouds, 5/6000 feet.

6. One ME-109 claimed destroyed by S/Sgt. Logan L. Lytle ASN-17032735, Sutton, Nebr. Flight Leaders--Major Sampson, and Lt. Griffith. Number of sorties flown this date—24 (total of both missions) Photos taken. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 23 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Second Mission of 22 April 1943

1. Target: Landing Ground at J-9182. 2. Assault: Attack was made from East to West at an altitude of 8000 feet. The bombing run lasted 30 seconds at a speed of 230 mph indicated. Breakaway was to the left in a slight dive which began evasive action. 3. Own Aircraft Losses: None. 4. Remarks: Runway and L/G were hit. Flak positions on NW side of target were hit. RR cut between AIN RHELAL and SIDI ATHMAN. Five thousand German and five thousand Italian leaflets dropped in target area. Twelve 100# demolition bombs were returned when bomb-bay doors failed to open because of flak damage. ROBERT D. KNAPP, Colonel, Air Corps, Commanding. ------Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS War Diary: No mission today. Word was received last night that we were to send an advanced party to King’s Cross which is 7 miles behind the lines. This morning at daybreak 36 enlisted men and 5 officers left for King’s Cross in a convoy. They arrived there at 21:30. It was so dark and due to a strict blackout we could not see where we were bivouacking.

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: (445th BS did not participate)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 32/mission 31) Group Mission # 32: (445th BS did not participate)

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: (446th BS did not participate)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 32/mission 31) Group Mission # 32: Group mission 30, Sqdn 19: composed of 7 planes led by Lt. VanArtsdalen. Target was a L/G 20 miles east of Mateur. 100 lb bombs were carried and dropped on the runway and smoke was seen rising from the field and the RR. On this mission S/Sgt. Logan L. Lytle bagged the first enemy plane for the Squadron, an ME-109.

A/C No. 41-29771 A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” P VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”, 1Lt CP Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt N Harris, Posey T., 2Lt None B Navigator filling both B & N positions Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt E Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt Kniffin, George Kenneth, S/Sgt R Friscia, Frank J., Jr., S/Sgt Haasch, George F., S/Sgt G Edwards, David R., Pvt Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13192 A/C No. 41-13197 P Porter, Jack Grafton, 1Lt Taylor, Peter D., 1Lt CP Browning, Eugene S. “Squif”, 1Lt Dains, Thomas E., 2Lt N None Beyer, William J., 2Lt B Lytle, Logan Lee, S/Sgt Navigator filling both B & N positions E Pillman, Frank W., S/Sgt McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John E., S/Sgt (ASV) Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt G Zook, Urie H., S/Sgt Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt F Benson, Henry E., S/Sgt None

Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep A/C No. 41-13008 Herder” P Martin, John K. “Kirk”, 1Lt Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt CP Boyd, Kenneth E., 2Lt Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt N None Braucher, David C., 2Lt B DeWitt, Joe B., S/Sgt None listed – likely the navigator E Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt R Fieldon, Gordon S. “Jack”, S/Sgt Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, S/Sgt G Brei, Harold G., S/Sgt Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt F None Wisnesky, Benjamin J., Cpl A/C No. 41-13200 P Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt CP Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt N None B Chamberlain, Don C., S/Sgt E Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt R Shields, James A., S/Sgt G Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt F None

446th BS Special Account: The target for today was a landing ground 20 miles east of Mateur. The target was very well covered and on this raid S/Sgt. Logan L. Lytle bagged the first enemy pursuit for the Squadron, a ME-109. The following is Sgt. Lytle’s own account of his victory: Lytle, Logan Lee, S/Sgt, gunner On this mission we had flown through a lot of flak and just after we had dropped our bombs some enemy fighters came in and attacked our escort. It was relieving to have the enemy fighters to watch after all the flak we’d been through. Those fighters don’t like to fly through their own flak so they wait until we’re on our way home. One of these fighters got through our escort and came in at our plane in a wide turn. I guess he figured we’d be easy meat, but I changed his mind. He put quite a few rounds in and around our plane, but only did slight damage. As he was turning away I had a swell shot at him and poured in 75 or 100 rounds. The smoke started pouring out of that plane and he swung sharply to the left and went right straight down and into the ground. Logan L. Lytle, S/Sgt

447th BS War Diary: Our squadron participated in two missions today.

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: The first target was the landing ground at J-8875. Three of our planes took part. Leaflets were dropped as well as bombs. The landing ground was well covered with bomb bursts. All planes returned safely from this mission.

Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued) A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry A/C No. 41-12997 “Southern Belle” Duck” P Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt Andrews, Austin D. “Andy”, 1Lt CP Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt N None None B McCone, Walter G., 2Lt Tate, Roy W., 2Lt E Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt R Anderson, Chester E., S/Sgt Carrin, Joseph S., S/Sgt G Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt Tornio, Raymond A., S/Sgt F None Christensen, Lars (NMI), Sr., Pvt A/C No. 42-53371 “Death Wind” P Bugbee, James Metcalf “Jim”, 2Lt CP Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt N Weaver, Charles M. “Jug”, 1Lt B None listed – likely the navigator E Penson, Ralph D., S/Sgt R Jondro, William G., Jr., Sgt G Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt F None

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: The second target was the landing ground at J-9182. Five of our planes participated in this mission. The target area was well covered by bomb bursts. Leaflets were dropped as well as bombs. All our planes returned safely although Lt. Fineman’s plane was seriously damaged by flak. A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated A/C No. 41-13210 “Buckeye Cannon Lady” Ball” P DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt Sampson, Raymond D. “Sammy”, Maj, Commander CP Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt N None Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt B Quilty, Bernard F. “Bernie”, S/Sgt Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt E Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt Nittle, Samuel (NMI), S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt Balsom, James P., T/Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12961 “Spare Parts” A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” P Fineman, Ernest (NMI), 1Lt Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt CP Jung, Roland W. “Wongy”, 2Lt Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt N None None B Allison, John M. “Alley Cat”, Jr., 2Lt Hartis, John G., 2Lt E Nelson, James E., S/Sgt Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt R Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt G Popowski, Frank A., S/Sgt Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt F None None Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-30000 “Ruff Stuff” P Burns, John P. “Buster”, 1Lt CP Cohagan, McKinley B. “Kin”, 2Lt N None B Orr, Douglas Cameron “Doug”, 2Lt E Perpich, Joseph G., S/Sgt R Byerly, Lee E., S/Sgt G Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt F None

447th BS: War Diary of: Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt, pilot (mission 4) TARGET: Platteville L/G 3:15 Plane 371 “L/G well covered. Several fires seen. 5000 German and 5000 Italian leaflets dropped over target.”

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: Mission 22 (31): At 11:00 15 planes took off to bomb L/G at F8875 (W of Platteville) 1 plane did not take off and 2 returned early. 12 planes dropped 142 x 100 bombs at 12:53 from 8000 feet, returned at 14:30. L/G well covered, fire observed NE side of field in hangars, 5 S/E planes on south side of field hit by bursts. 5000 German and Italian leaflets dropped at Djedeida and at target. Moderate heavy inaccurate flak began 15 miles SW of target. 2 large ships seen near Cape Zebib and 4 E Boats 5 miles off Cape Zebib. F/L: Heinlen, Isaacson.

A/C No. 41-29770 A/C No. 41-29765 P Sinclair, Ervin W., Jr., 1Lt Hardzog, Walter A., Jr., 1Lt CP Cassels, Richard E., 2Lt McCurry, Milton L., 1Lt N None Cheetham, McClain (NMI), 2Lt B Patterson, L. J. (i.o.), S/Sgt Abrams, Carl V., 2Lt E Robb, Earl K., S/Sgt Ripple, William E. “Rip”, S/Sgt R Orman, Virgil N., S/Sgt Featherstone, Charles A. “Pappy”, T/Sgt G Gurnee, Clarence E. “Shine”, S/Sgt Wallace, John R., S/Sgt F Silver, George A., III, Capt (observer) None A/C No. 41-29769 A/C No. 41-12995 “Charlie’s Aunt” P Davies, Robert D., 1Lt Ford, Charles L. “Junior”, Jr., 1Lt CP Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt Bruton, John E., 2Lt N None None B Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt Castle, Roy V., S/Sgt E Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt R Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt G Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt White, George E., S/Sgt F None None Thursday, 22 April 1943 (continued) A/C No. 41-29776 A/C No. 41-13170 P Isaacson, Clayton M. “Ike”, 1Lt Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt CP Brandt, Joseph R., 2Lt DeMuth, Robert D., 2Lt N Hurst, Joseph B., 2Lt None B Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt E Rohleder, Jack J., S/Sgt Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt R Hilborne, Thomas G., S/Sgt Taylor, Allan J., S/Sgt G Spencer, John S., T/Sgt Mahan, John J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13163 A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” P Culp, Merle H., 1Lt Moore, Leland A., 1Lt CP Stewart, John C., 2Lt Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt N Boland, Chester H., 2Lt None B Reich, William John, 2Lt Petrich, Raymond George, 2Lt E Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt Polinsky, Marvin J., S/Sgt R Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt (ASV) Teinowitz, Norman P., S/Sgt (ASV) G Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt Ryal, Clarence M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-30001 A/C No. 41-29774 (failed to take off due to booster coil failure making it impossible to start left engine) P Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, Commander Buchenau, Harry T., 2Lt CP Bowman, William W., 2Lt Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt None B Brown, Robert H. “Brownie”, 2Lt Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt E Ridgeway, Robert L., S/Sgt Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt F Ridenour, Carlyle H., Brig Gen, HQ 47th None Wing Commander (observer) A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” (returned immediately after take-off due to mud on windows picked up during take-off) P Urquhart, Donald A., 2Lt CP Coffey, Kenneth H. F., 2Lt N None B Mundell, Roy E., 2Lt E Potosky, John S., S/Sgt R Jakse, Joseph (NMI), S/Sgt (ASV) G Turner, Goldburn H., S/Sgt F None

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 31/mission 30) Group Mission # 31: (448th BS did not participate) Friday, 23 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): In Tunisia, B-25's attack a landing ground, troops, and artillery N of Enfidaville. P-40's fly escort sweeps, and fighter-bomber missions in the battle area.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-25's and B-26's bomb vehicles and the railroad at Mateur, the Mateur-Bedja road and Arbatax harbor in Italy. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters, A-20's, and medium bombers carry out a large number of missions against positions in NE Tunisia and particularly along the battleline area from near Pont-du-Fahs N to the Mediterranean as the US II Corps begins a drive on Bizerte in the Jefna-Sidi Meftah area. In the Mediterranean, B-17's attack vessels N of Sicily.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: A casualty in a mission on April 23, 1943 in which the 448th Bombardment Squadron took part, was Staff Sgt. William L. Donnelly. Sgt. Donnelly was killed by flak. His plane crashed at sea and the pilot and co-pilot tried to extricate his body before the ship sank, but were unable. Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt, radio-gunner, 448th BS On April 23, 1943, the thirty-third mission with 23 planes took off to bomb motor vehicles and railroad tracks at Mateur. Six planes returned early. The others dropped 192 hundred-pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing from 8,000 feet. Fourteen planes returned at 1640. Two planes landed at Bone and 1 plane landed in the water. The escort failed to accompany the formation to the target. Five single-engine planes were observed over the target, but they did not attack. Flak at the target was heavy and accurate. At Mettarheni, Mateur Be Air landing ground, only one plane was observed. An enemy truck-convoy of 10 trucks was seen near Mateur, heading northeast on Beja road. Flight leaders were Capt. Bates and Lieut. Veum. Bates, James P. "Jimmy", Capt, pilot, 447th BS Veum, Ole E., Capt, pilot, 448th BS

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33/mission 32) Group Mission # 33: ------Mission Report # 33, 23 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1400 23 (6Spares) _ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ motor vehicles and RR Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target tracks at Mateur. 6 (4Spares) returned early. _ 17___ dropped 192x100 lb. demo. No. A/C No. A/C Type & No bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing at 1530 from 8,000 ft. __14_ _ Time Alt. No. A/C returned at 1640 to 1745. 2 planes landed at Bone. Time Time Friday, 23 April 1943 (continued)

3. Marshalling yards, RR junction and tracks SE of town hit. One plane landed in water at about 37°00’N, 08°50’E. Escort failed to accompany to target. 10,000 leaflets dropped at target.

4. Air – 5 S/E at target, did not attack One plane on E side of Mateur Bel Aid L/G. Marine – None. Flak – At target, heavy and accurate. At Mettarheni, heavy, intense and accurate. Land – 8 truck convoy 10 miles SW of Mateur heading NE on Beja road.

5. Enroute – Scattered cumulus, visibility 10-15 miles. Target – Scattered cumulus, visibility 10 miles. Return – 8/10 at 9,000 ft.

6. None. Flight Leaders – Capt. Bates, Lt Veum. Number of sorties flown this date - 17 Photos taken. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 24 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 23 April 1943

1. Target: Motor vehicles and RR tracks at MATEUR.

2. Assault: The attack was made from 8500 feet from the SE to the NW. The bombing run lasted 30 seconds at an IAS of 240 mph. Breakaway was straight ahead in a mild dive at an indicated airspeed of 300 mph.

3. Own Aircraft Losses: One airplane, B-25C 41-13163 made a landing into the sea at about 37°00’N, 08°50’E.

4. Remarks: Hits were observed on the RR tracks and buildings in the target area. No vehicles were hit. One Airplane returned early and was not replaced by a spare inasmuch as the spares had already left the formation. It was B-25D 41- 29759, Pilot Lt. SHAPIRO. This was due to airsickness of three crew members. Friday, 23 April 1943 (continued)

Ten thousand Italian leaflets were dropped over the target.

Twelve 100# demolition bombs were returned. This was due to bomb-rack failure.

For the Commanding Officer:

WILLIAM V. MACFARLANE, Captain, Air Corps, Asst. Group S-3. ------

445th BS War Diary: When we woke up this morning we were right in the middle of a large poppy patch. At this time of year the poppies up here are in full bloom and their red mixed in with the green and yellow of the valleys make a beautiful sight, one which we will never forget. 13 of our ships led by Col. Knapp arrived at King’s Cross today. As the crews got out of the planes they grabbed a shovel and dug a slit trench. This evening enemy aircraft dropped flares around the field trying to take pictures and maybe a few bombs. We can hear the big guns at the front. Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33/mission 32) Group Mission # 33: (445th BS did not participate)

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33/mission 32) Group Mission # 33: Group mission 31, Sqdn 20: composed of 5 planes led by Lt. Griffith. 100 lb bombs were carried to the Mateur RR junction. The Marshalling yards, junction, and tracks SE of town were hit.

A/C No. 41-29764 “Montana Sheep A/C No. 41-13192 Herder” P Cosner, Oliver J. “Ollie”, 1Lt Porter, Jack Grafton, 1Lt CP Boyd, Kenneth E., 2Lt Browning, Eugene S. “Squif”, 1Lt N Crosthwaite, John C., Col, HQ 47th Wing None Commander (observer) B DeWitt, Joe B., S/Sgt Pillman, Frank W., S/Sgt E Misik, John (NMI), S/Sgt Lytle, Logan Lee., S/Sgt R Kreig, Thomas E., S/Sgt Nicholson, John E., T/Sgt G Fieldon, Gordon S. “Jack”, S/Sgt Brei, Harold G., S/Sgt F Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt None

Friday, 23 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas Traveler” P Garmon, James M. “Max”, 1Lt Williams, Wallace (NMI) “Spike”, Jr., 1Lt CP Brooks, LeRoy O., 2Lt Morris, Richard Pervis “Big Moe”, Jr., 2Lt N None None B Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt Porter, Walter E., S/Sgt E Mercuri, Ralph W., S/Sgt McKibben, Walter D., Jr., S/Sgt R Olson, Harold E., T/Sgt Sheehan, William F., S/Sgt G Wray, Charles E., S/Sgt Zook, Urie H., S/Sgt F Benson, Henry E., S/Sgt None A/C No. 41-12963 “Missouri Waltz” A/C No. 41-29760 “Honky Tonk” (didn’t take off) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Bradley, James L. “Jungle Jim”, Jr., 1Lt Griffith, Frank J. “Grif”, 1Lt CP Carlisle, Howard L., 2Lt Hileman, Donald L. “Buck”, 2Lt N Davis, Sterling (NMI), 2Lt None B Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt Caldwell, Herman B., Jr., 1Lt E Martin, William L., S/Sgt Mitchell, Lance M., S/Sgt R Sheldon, Victor W., T/Sgt Haley, Woodrow H., Cpl G Lovell, Curtis L., S/Sgt Dykes, Billy (NMI), S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13197 (spare) A/C No. 41-29771 (spare) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) crew is) P Taylor, Peter D., 1Lt VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt CP Dains, Thomas E., 2Lt Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt N None None B Beyer, William J., 2Lt Harris, Posey T., 2Lt E McNair, Luddie L., S/Sgt Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt R Chappell, Jack F., T/Sgt Friscia, Frank J., Jr., S/Sgt G Pyle, Joseph W., S/Sgt Edwards, David R., Pvt F None None

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33/mission 32) Group Mission # 33: Four of our planes participated in a raid on Mateur. Bombing results were excellent. All our planes returned safely. A burst of flak broke the plexiglass in the turret of Lt. DeMoss’s plane slightly injuring the gunner, S/Sgt. Ludtke.

Friday, 23 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” P Richardson, Robert W. “Big Rich”, 1Lt Morton, William H. “Mort”, 1Lt CP Hasty, Curtis B., 2Lt Ackley, James H., 2Lt N Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt Black, Donald (NMI) “Blackie”, 1Lt B None listed – likely the navigator Lieberman, Stanley (NMI), 2Lt E O’Connell, Daniel E., S/Sgt O’Donnell, Vincent T., S/Sgt R Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt Fryer, John R., T/Sgt G Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt DesJardins, Patrick H., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated A/C No. 42-53371 “Death Wind” Lady” P DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt CP Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt Bugbee, James Metcalf “Jim”, 2Lt N None Weaver, Charles M. “Jug”, 1Lt B Quilty, Bernard F. “Bernie”, S/Sgt None listed – likely the navigator E Joseph Edward R., S/Sgt Penson, Ralph D., S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt Jondro, William G., Jr., Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt Murphy, John F., S/Sgt F None Hassett, Leo P., Pvt A/C No. 41-13210 “Buckeye Cannon A/C No. 41-29759 (returned – 3 crew Ball” members airsick) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Bates, James P. “Jimmy”, Capt Shapiro, Leonard L. “Shap”, 1Lt CP Batchelder, Stephens H., 2Lt Hengel, Edward D., 2Lt N Bodine, Arnold F. “Benny the Bum”, 1Lt None B Ghetia, George (NMI), 2Lt Joseph, Merwin J., 1Lt E Nittle, Samuel (NMI), S/Sgt Murray, George F., S/Sgt R Balsom, James P., T/Sgt Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt G Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12997 “Southern Belle” A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry (returned early) Duck” (spare) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) crew is) P Burns, John P. “Buster”, 1Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Cohagan, McKinley B. “Kin”, 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N None None B Orr, Douglas Cameron “Doug”, 2Lt McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Perpich, Joseph G., S/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Byerly, Lee E., S/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., S/Sgt G Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F None None

Friday, 23 April 1943 (continued)

447th BS: War Diary of: Spikes, Robert F. “Bob”, 2Lt, pilot (mission 5) TARGET: Mateur RR 2:35 Plane 371 “M/Y and junction hit. 10000 Italian leaflets dropped. Escort failed to accompany bombers to target.”

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33/mission 32) Group Mission # 33: Mission 23 (33): At 14:00 23 planes (6 spares) off to bomb motor vehicles and RR tracks at Mateur. 6 planes returned early, 17 dropped 192 x 100 bombs at 15:30 from 8000 feet. 14 planes returned at 16:40. Marshalling Yards, RR junction and tracks East of town hit. Lt. Veum landed in the water (1 engine out and tail flutter) Lt. Moore and Lt. Urquhart emergency landing at Bone with disabled engines. 5 E/A did not attack, intense heavy, accurate flak. Weather: Scattered cumulus, visibility 10-15 miles. F/L: Bates and Veum.

A/C No. 41-13163 (crashed at sea) A/C No. 41-12995 “Charlie’s Aunt” P Veum, Ole E., 1Lt Ford, Charles L., “Junior”, Jr., 1Lt CP Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt Bruton, John E., 2Lt N Holt, William E., 2Lt Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt B Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt Navigator filling both B & N positions E Porch, Dean O., S/Sgt Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt R Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt G Uzailko, George (NMI), S/Sgt White, George E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29769 A/C No. 41-29776 P Buchenau, Harry T., 2Lt Isaacson, Clayton M. “Ike”, 1Lt CP Garrett, Thaddeus D., 2Lt Brandt, Joseph R., 2Lt N None Hurst, Joseph B., 2Lt B Moorman, Arthur L., S/Sgt Kruse, Norman L., 2Lt E Roberts, Harold L., S/Sgt Rohleder, Jack J., S/Sgt R Robinson, Jefferson D., S/Sgt Hilborne, Thomas G., S/Sgt G Taylor, Henry F., S/Sgt Spencer, John S., T/Sgt F Ellison, Travis E., Cpl None A/C No. 41-13172 “Boyd Toyd” A/C No. 41-12926 “Hawkeye” (landed (landed at Bone – disabled engine) at Bone – disabled engine) P Urquhart, Donald A., 2Lt Moore, Leland A., 1Lt CP Coffey, Kenneth H. F., 2Lt Tolton, Justin C., 1Lt N None None B Mundell, Roy E., 2Lt Petrich, Raymond George, 2Lt E Potosky, John S., S/Sgt Polinsky, Marvin J., S/Sgt R Jakse, Joseph (NMI), S/Sgt Teinowitz, Norman P., S/Sgt G Turner, Goldburn H., S/Sgt Ryal, Clarence M., S/Sgt F None None Friday, 23 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-29770 A/C No. 41-29774 (spare) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Clough, Bernard L., 1Lt Culp, Merle H., 1Lt CP Jacobson, Norman S., 2Lt Stewart, John C., 2Lt N None None B Castle, Roy V., S/Sgt Reich, William John, 2Lt E Masteller, Harry M., S/Sgt Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt R Gardner, Thomas G., S/Sgt Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt G LaRue, Augustin A., S/Sgt Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt F None None

Saturday, 24 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): In Italy, RAF Liberators, under operational control of the IX Bomber Command, bomb Naples. In Tunisia, P-40's escort bombers, fly sweeps, and carry out fighter-bomber operations against troops in the battle area N of Enfidaville.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) Wellingtons bomb the N quay at Bizerte harbor during the night of 23/24 Apr. Bad weather the following morning cancels NASAF operations. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters, although hampered by bad weather, attack guns, troops, and trucks in the battle area from Pont-du-Fahs N to the sea. Fierce ground fighting continues in the Jefna area. The 99th Fighter Squadron, Twelfth Air Force with P-40's arrives at Casablanca, French Morocco from the U.S. The 99th is the first black USAAF unit to serve overseas.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry.

445th BS War Diary: Weather prevented a mission being flown.

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

447th BS War Diary: A lot of rain and clouds today.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Sunday, 25 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): In Tunisia, B-25's attack landing grounds, concentrations, and vehicles N and NW of Enfidaville. P-40's escort bombers and fly fighter sweeps over the battle area.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, weather prevents Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) bombing missions. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters attack positions and vehicles in the battle area. A-20's and medium bombers bomb the S landing ground at Soliman, positions NW of Enfidaville, and several other points in the battle area as Allied ground forces continue their advance on Bizerte and Tunis. HQ 2nd Bombardment Group (Heavy) and its 20th, 49th, and 96th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) with B-17's arrive at Navarin, Algeria from the US. HQ 319th Bombardment Group (Medium) and its 437th, and 438th, 439th and 440th Bombardment Squadrons (Medium) with B-26B's transfer from Oujda, French Morocco to Rabat Sale, French Morocco. The group has been undergoing reorganization and training since Feb 43. Note: Mission numbers from 25 Apr 43 thru 10 May 43 are not in numerical order, because a block of mission numbers from 40 to 51 was designated to the missions flown by an advanced party at Souk El Arba. Per a 10 May 43 HQ 321st BG War Diary entry: “Missions forty to fifty-one inclusive were carried out from an advanced base located at Souk El Arba, Tunisia.”

HQ 321st BG War Diary: There were two more casualties on April 25, 1943 on a sea sweep, when Technical Sgt. Irving W. Knight and Staff Sgt. James E. Lawyer, both of the 445th Bombardment Squadron, were seriously wounded by flak. Sgt Knight died of his wounds on May 7, 1943. He had been presented with the Purple Heart, prior to his death. Sgt. Lawyer was transferred to a General Hospital, when it was ascertained that he would be hospitalized in excess of 30 days. Sgt. Lawyer was also presented with the Purple Heart. Knight, Irving W., T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 445th BS Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt, turret gunner, 445th BS Mission forty, took off at 1627 on April 25, 1943 to bomb M/Vs. They dropped 144 hundred-pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing at 1820. The target was a convoy about 12 miles west of Zembra Island. Two groups with 5 or 6 S/Fs and 3 or 4 small E/Vs were in each. No hits or near-misses were scored. Bombs were dropped at 1720 from an altitude of 8,500 feet. One B-25 crash-landed. Seven B- 25s were hit by flak. Two ME-109s approached the formation 8 miles south of Tunis. A M/V was reported approaching Tunis Harbor. Considerable flak was encountered. Flight leaders were Col. Knapp and Maj. Cook, with Col Ridenour of the 47th Wing as observer. Cook, Bailey C., Col, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, pilot, HQ 321st BG Commander Ridenour, Carlyle H., Col, HQ 47th Wing, Commander Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33A/mission 32A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 40: (HQ 321st BG designated this “mission # 40” on 10 May 43) ------Mission Report # 40, 25 Apr 1943

TO: NASAF (R) NUPORT (R) NORWAY FROM: 321st BOMBARDMENT. GROUP (M) MC-459 25/4

1. 321st Bomb. Group (M), 445th Bomb. Squadron, absent from Norway on Special Assignment.

2. At 1627, 12 B-25’s took off to bomb M/V. None returned early. 12 A/C dropped 144 x 100 lb demo bombs, Fusing instantaneous and 45 second. 12 A/C returned at 1820.

3. Target: Convoy about 12 miles west of Zembra Island; course 45 degrees. Two groups with 5 or 6 S/F and 3 or 4 small E/V in each. No hits or near misses were scored. Bombs were dropped at 1720 from altitude of 8500 feet. One B25 crash landed: 7 B25s hit with Flak.

4. AIR – 2 ME-109’s approached formation 8 miles south of Tunis.

MARINE – M/V reported approaching into Tunis Harbor.

FLAK – Over Target light and low. Considerable flak encountered on course out through enemy territory from Chouigui to Galaat el Andeless, Heavy, intense and accurate on route back from Hammam Lif westerly about 15 miles.

5. Weather: CAVU.

6. Flight leaders: Col. Knapp, Maj. Cook. Observer: Col. Ridenour.

James E. Nickerson, 1st Lieut., Air Corps, Intelligence Officer, 445th Bomb. Squadron. ------

Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued)

------HEADQUARTERS 47th WING APO 520

SUPPLEMENTARY MISSION REPORT For 25 April 1943

Victories: 0 No. of Missions flown: 1 Losses : 0 No. of Sorties : 12

At 1627, 12 B-25’s of the 321st Bomb Gp, stationed at SOUK EL ARBA on counter-shipping assignment, took off on a shipping sweep. 12 a/c returned to base at 1820 where one crash landed. Sighted at 1720 from 8500’ a convoy consisting of 2 groups each of 5 or 6 Siebel Ferries and 3 or 4 small escort vessels heading 45°, 12 miles W of ZEMBRA Island. Convoy was attacked with 144 x 100 lb instantaneous and 45 sec delay bombs. Neither hits nor near misses were scored. Light, low flak encountered at target; moderate flak between CHOUIGUI and GALAAT EL ANDELESS; intense, accurate, heavy flak from HAMMAM LIF westerly for 15 miles. 7 a/c received flak damage. Two ME-109’s approached formation 8 miles S of Tunis, did not attack. Weather at target: CAVU.

CARL T. BREMICKER, Major, Air Corps, AC of S, A-2 ------

445th BS War Diary: The ground crew and air echelon moved to Sloan’s Square near Souk el Arba. An especially good steak dinner was enjoyed by all at evening chow. The heifer was bought from a nearby farmer for $100 and prepared by our cooks.

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33A/mission 32A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 40: At 16:27, 12 of our B-25’s took off to bomb a medium vessel. The time of the attack was 17:22. 144 x 100 lb. demolition bombs were dropped from 8000 ft. 850 rounds of ammunition was fired to clear the guns. No hits or near misses were scored. The bombs that were dropped fell on a convoy about 12 miles west of Zamora Island. Two groups of 5 or 6 Siebel Ferries and 3 or 4 small escort vessels made up the convoy. Flak over the target was light and below the formation. Considerable flak was encountered on the course back through enemy territory. It was heavy, intense and accurate. 7 out of the 12 ships were hit with flak. Lt. Rudolph crash-landed his ship and made it a good one on the return. It was necessary due to the fact that his hydraulic system was knocked out after receiving two or three direct hits from the flak. His ship had over 300 holes from the flak. Every man in the crew was wounded by the flak. Sgt. Knight was seriously wounded in the chest, shoulder and leg. Sgt. Lawyer had his right hand mangled and a burst sent flak flying through the turret. Lt. Rudolph was wounded Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued) in the neck by flying glass. Lt. Olson was wounded in the leg. Sgt. Klunk was hit in the back and the arm. Sgt Krause was wounded in the leg and had his right hand burned while putting out a fire over the bomb bay. 447th ship/445th crew A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 41-30002 P Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt Grau, Robert B., 1Lt CP Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt None B McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt Flynn, Thomas H., Sgt E Laird, Ellsworth H., Jr., S/Sgt Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt Wright, Warren D., Sgt G Bryant, James C., T/Sgt Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13211 A/C No. 41-13158 P McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt Cratin, William S., 1Lt CP Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt Bitner, William H., 2Lt N None Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt B Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt E Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Gregory, John N., T/Sgt Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt G Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt Bruyneel, Dennis A., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 42-53373 A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, HQ 321st BG Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander Commander CP Fisher, James Buckner, Jr., 1Lt Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt N Larson, Harold W., 2Lt None B Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt R None listed – likely Eagan, Joseph E., Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt M/Sgt G Lowery, Bruce (NMI) “Field Marshall”, Pierce, William V., S/Sgt M/Sgt F None Ridenour, Carlyle H., Col, HQ 47th Wing Commander (observer) A/C No. 41-29767 “Flying Patch” A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt McGee, William N., 2Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt N None None B Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt R Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt F None None Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13199 “C’est La Vie” A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” (Crash landed near Souk el Arba) P Rudolph, Raymond L., 1Lt Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt CP Olson, Walter N., 2Lt Mamerow, George A., 2Lt N None None B Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt Eiland, Claude E., 2Lt E Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt R Knight, Arnold K., S/Sgt Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt G Lawyer, James E. S/Sgt Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12924 “Patricia” A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” P Clinton, Wayne E., 1Lt Kayser, Robert R., Jr., 2Lt CP Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt Kent, William S., 2Lt N Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt None B Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, S/Sgt Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt E Kunis, Theodore C., S/Sgt Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt R Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt G Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt F None None

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter)

445th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) Office of the Operations Officer 19 May 1943 SUBJECT: Missions participated in at the Front. TO Group Operations Officer, 321st Bombardment Group (M), Army Air Forces, APO #520.

1. Mission # 1. April 25, 1943. 2. Take off: 1627 – Landed at 1820. 3. Out - Souk el Arba-N. Chouigui S. Galaat el Andeless Gulf of Tunis Hamman Lif Mohamedia-Souk el Arba. 4. Target - enemy shipping. 5. Weather – Good with intervening clouds. 6. Time of Attack: 1722 7. No. of planes to start mission: 12 B-15’s (12 of 445th) 8. All ships reached target and returned. 9. Type and No. of escorts: 36 Spitfires. 10. 144 X 100lb. Demolition bombs. 11. @8000 ft at 210. 12. Flak heavy and light and intense. 13. Two ME-109’s engaged by escort. Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued)

14. 1 B-25- 41-13199 crash landed due to flak. 15. Partially successful. RICHARD P. TIPTON, 1st Lt., Air Corps, Operations Officer. ------

445th BS Special Account: On April 25th, 12 of the Squadron planes took off on a sea search around Tunis harbor and returned south of Tunis over the vicinity of Hamman Lif. A terrific flak barrage was encountered. Lt. Rudolph’s ship went through a harrowing experience. Four bursts hit the ship. One hit above the bomb bay section starting a fire which was spread by hydraulic fluid. Another riddled the navigator’s compartment. Still another came up between the pilot’s seats. Pieces of flak cut more than 30 holes in the area from the turret gun to the radio seat in which S/Sgt. James E. Lawyer, turret gunner and T/Sgt. Irving W. Knight, radio gunner were at their posts. Knight, Arnold K., Sgt, radio-gunner Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt, turret gunner Rudolph, Raymond L., 2Lt, pilot Sgt. Lawyer’s right hand, on the turret hand control, was hopelessly mangled by flak that tore off a section of the turret armorer hand guard. His right thigh and right shoulder were lacerated by other pieces of flak. Sgt. Lawyer continued to man the turret gun with his one good hand until the danger from fighters having passed; he went to the assistance of Sgt. Knight. Sgt. Knight, at the waist gun on the right side, was hit by flak which severely shattered the bone in his right upper and forearm and which inflicted severe lacerating wounds in the region of his left knee, thigh and right chest, in addition to internal injuries. The men in the Squadron will always remember Easter Sunday because of what took place near Tunis on that particular day in 1943. But a short time ago, the men had applauded wildly back at Ain M’Lila when Sgt. Knight sang “Easter Parade”. On the day before, Sgt. Knight had made a special request of the recorder of theses notes to see if there was any place he could attend Easter church services. Instead of being able to go to church, the mission came and it was the last mission because he later died of the internal injuries he received. But to go back to the story of Lt. Rudolph’s ship, “C’est La vie”, S/Sgt. Edward F. Klunk, bombardier, received a flak wound in his back. Lt. Rudolph himself received two wounds from glass in his neck and shoulder. All in all, about 300 pieces of flak riddled the ship from nose to tail and started a fire over the bomb bay. Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt, bombardier Rudolph, Raymond L., 2Lt, pilot Lt. Rudolph crawled back to fight the fire. S/Sgt. Kenneth K. Krause, engineer- gunner, joined the fight, seizing burning material and throwing it out of the ship and as a result badly burning his hands. After Lt. Rudolph, with the help of Sgt. Krause and Sgt. Klunk, succeeded in putting out the fire, he went back and took over the controls of the crippled ship. Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner

Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued)

Under the stress of severe physical and mental shock, Lt. Rudolph made a successful belly landing. It was then that Sgt. Lawyer was found, despite his mangled hand, wounded thigh and shoulder, supporting Sgt. Knight in an attempt to spare him unnecessary shock from the crash landing. The Squadron Medical Officer gave his professional opinion that normally a man in Sgt. Lawyer’s condition would have been helplessly prostrate from shock and pain and that the fight which is necessary to overcome such a condition required an extraordinary degree of endurance, willpower and heroism. Knight, Arnold K., Sgt, radio-gunner Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt, turret gunner

445th BS 1 Aug 43 Annual Report: On April 25, 1943, 2nd Lt. Raymond L. Rudolph, pilot, and Lt. Walter N. Olson, co-pilot, were flying their B-25 over enemy territory on the return route from a bombing mission in the Gulf of Tunis. S/Sgt. James E. Lawyer, manning the turret guns; T/Sgt. Irving W. Knight (Radio Operator) the waist gun; S/Sgt. Edward F. Klunk (Bombardier) the nose gun; and S/Sgt. Kenneth K. Krause (Engineer) the tail gun. Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt, bombardier Knight, Arnold K., Sgt, radio-gunner Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt, turret gunner Olson, Walter N., 2Lt, pilot Rudolph, Raymond L., 2Lt, pilot Just after two ME-109’s had approached, the formation entered an area of intense flak bursts. Lt. Olson checked on the interphone. All of the crew were O.K., then four bursts hit the ship in rapid succession. One burst hit amidships above the bomb bay section starting a fire which was spread by hydraulic fluid. Another riddled the navigator’s compartment. Still another came up between the pilots’ seats. Pieces of flak cut more than thirty holes in the area from the turret gun to the radio seat in which Sgt. Lawyer and Sgt. Knight were at their posts. Sgt. Lawyer’s right hand, on the turret hand control, was hopelessly mangled by flak that tore off a section of the turret armored hand guard. His right thigh and right shoulder were lacerated by other pieces of flak. Sgt. Lawyer continued, nevertheless, to man the turret gun with his one good hand until the danger from fighters having passed, he went to the assistance of Sgt. Knight. Sgt. Knight, at the waist gun at the right side, was hit by flak which severely shattered the bone in his right upper and forearm; and which inflicted severe lacerating wounds in the region of his left knee, thigh and right chest and internal injuries, as a result of which he later died. Sgt. Klunk received flak wound in his back. Lt. Rudolph received two lacerating wounds from glass in his neck and shoulder. All in all, about three hundred pieces of flak riddled the ship from nose to tail and started a fire over the bomb bay; and at this point the flak was still bursting around the ship. Lt. Rudolph, suffering from physical shock gave the controls to Lt. Olson and crawled back to fight the fire. Sgt. Krause also joined the fight, seizing burning material and throwing it out of the ship and as a result, badly burning his hands. After Lt. Rudolph, with the help of Sgt. Krause and Sgt. Klunk, succeeded in putting out the fire, he went back and took over the controls of the crippled ship. Sunday, 25 April 1943 (continued)

Lt. Olson had been piloting the ship with rudder and aileron cables severed. Both the hydraulic and the emergency apparatus for putting down the landing gear had been put out of operation by the flak. In addition, at first it appeared that the flaps (necessary for use in landing) had also been put out of operation but Sgt. Krause succeeded finally in cranking them down to about fifteen to twenty degrees. It was under these circumstances and under the stress of physical and mental shock; and after having fought fire in the ship that Lt. Rudolph found it necessary to make a crash landing. He, with the assistance of Lt. Olson, did the job. After the crash landing had been made, Lt. Rudolph and Lt. Olson went back to render aid to their crew members which had been wounded. They found Sgt. Lawyer, despite his mangled hand, wounded thigh and shoulder, supporting Sgt. Knight in an attempt to spare him unnecessary shock from the crash landing. Normally a man in Sgt. Lawyer’s condition would have been helplessly prostrate from shock and pain; and the fight which was necessary to overcome such a condition required an extraordinary degree of endurance, will power and heroism. Klunk, Edward F., S/Sgt, bombardier Knight, Arnold K., Sgt, radio-gunner Krause, Kenneth K., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt, turret gunner Olson, Walter N., 2Lt, pilot Rudolph, Raymond L., 2Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33A/mission 32A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 40: (446th BS did not participate)

447th BS War Diary: Easter Sunday. Protestant services held at the granary with a record breaking attendance.

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33A/mission 32A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 40: (447th BS did not participate)

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: “Easter Sunday, April 25, 1943 It rained almost all day Saturday & last night, and it isn’t any to clear out side now. We won’t be able to fly today, so I went to church & the granary, came back read, slept & just took it easy. It did clear up this afternoon, & Cantrell, Hannemann, Murphy & I played a little foot-ball, then got a bottle of vino & sipped it. No mail today.” Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt, radio-gunner Hannemann, Carl D., S/Sgt, radio-gunner, photographer Murphy, Russell E. "The Kid", S/Sgt, gunner

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 33A/mission 32A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 40: (448th BS did not participate) Monday, 26 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): No Entry

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): No Entry

HQ 321st BG War Diary: At 1430 on April 26, 1943, the thirty-fourth mission took off with 15 planes to bomb railroad sidings at Mateur. Three planes returned early. We dropped 96 hundred-pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing from 8,500 feet. One plane crash-landed at Bone. The other 11 planes returned at 1720. At least half of the formation reports direct hits on the railroad junction and strings of bombs finding their targets through the marshalling yards. Smoke and flames were observed coming from the yards. A train was seen in the yards, but it is not know if our bombs hit it. We dropped 5,000 German and 5,000 Italian pamphlets in the vicinity of Bordj Town. A large airfield with about 70 single-engine planes was observed. Flight leaders were Capt. Heinlen and Lieut. Brinkley. Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, pilot, Commander, 448th BS Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt, pilot, 447th BS

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34/mission 33) Group Mission # 34: ------Mission Report # 34, 26 Apr 1943 1. 321st Bombardment Group (M)

2. At 1430 15 (3Spares) _ _B-25s__ took off to _bomb_ RR siding at Mateur. Time No. A/C Type A/C Mission Target 3 (2Spares) returned early. _ 12___ dropped 96x300 lb. demo. bombs with No. A/C No. A/C Type & No instantaneous and 45 second fusing at 1607 from 8500. 11 (1Spare) _ returned Time Alt. No. A/C at 1720. ___1___ crash landed at Bone. Time No. A/C

3. Results---- At least half of formation report direct hits on RR junction, and strings of bombs through marshalling yards. Smoke and flames were observed coming from marshalling yards. Train seen in yards but unknown if hit. 5000 German and 5000 Italian pamphlets dropped in vicinity of Bordj Toum.

4. Air--Large field between J-6060 and J-5060 seen with about 70 SE E/A on it. Reported as black color. Marine--None. Flak--Heavy, accurate, moderate, from about 10 miles S to target.

Monday, 26 April 1943 (continued)

5. Weather-- Enroute and at target-- 8-10 miles visibility, overcast at 10,000 ft. At sea--Undercast 2000 feet-- overcast 6000. Return--Scattered cumulus at 9000 feet---increasing haze.

6. Press data—Flight leaders---Captain Heinlen and Lt. Brinkley.

Number of sorties this date--12

No Photos taken. FRANCIS R. PEMBERTON, Major, Air Corps, Intelligence Officer ------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter) 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) 27 April 1943

A-3 REPORT Mission of 26 April 1943

1. Target: RR Junction Yards at MATEUR.

2. Assault: The attack was made from the SW to NE at an altitude of 8,500 feet with a 40-second bombing run at 240 m.p.h. indicated air speed. Breakaway was to the left at 300 m.p.h. indicated.

3. Own Aircraft Losses: B-25C 41-13170 made a landing near BONE. Crew members survived landing.

4. Remarks: Target well-covered with bombs. B-25C 42-58371, Pilot LUNGREN, returned early due to gunner’s inability to make turret operate in a manner satisfactory to himself. This airplane was replaced by a spare. 5,000 German and 5,000 Italian leaflets were dropped near BORJ TOUM. No bombs were returned.

For the Commanding Officer:

CHARLES T. OLMSTED, Lieutenant Colonel, Air Corps, Operations Officer ------

Monday, 26 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS War Diary: Weather prevented missions today. ------HEADQUARTERS 47th WING APO 520

SUPPLEMENTARY MISSION REPORT For 26 April 1943

Victories: 0 No. of Missions flown: 0 Losses : 0 No. of Sorties : 0

1. Negative report received from 445th Squadron, 321st Bomb Group stationed at SOUK EL ARBA. No missions due to bad weather in the morning. No escort available for later mission. CARL T. BREMICKER, Major, Air Corps, AC of S, A-2 ------

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34/mission 33) Group Mission # 34: (445th BS did not participate)

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34/mission 33) Group Mission # 34: (446th BS did not participate)

447th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34/mission 33) Group Mission # 34: Five of our planes participated in a raid on the railroad junction at Mateur. Bombing results excellent. All planes returned safely.

A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” A/C No. 41-13007 “The Harp” P Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt Richardson, Robert W. “Big Rich”, 1Lt CP Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt Hasty, Curtis B., 2Lt N Colby, John W., 2Lt Daume, Oscar R., 2Lt B Hartis, John G., 2Lt Lieberman, Stanley (NMI), 2Lt E Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt O’Connell, Daniel E., S/Sgt R Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt G Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt F None None

Monday, 26 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated A/C No. 41-12997 “Southern Belle” Lady” P DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt Andrews, Austin D. “Andy”, 1Lt CP Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt McGowan, Francis E., 2Lt N None None B Quilty, Bernard F. “Bernie”, S/Sgt Tate, Roy W., 2Lt E Joseph, Edward F., S/Sgt Galich, Michael M., S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., S/Sgt Carrin, Joseph S., T/Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt Tornio, Raymond A., Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry A/C No. 42-58371 “Death Wind” Duck” (retuned early due to unsatisfactory turret operation) (only A/C and pilot identified – likely crew is) P Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt Lungren, Charles D., 1Lt CP Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt Blanton, Ralph A., 2Lt N None None B McCone, Walter G., 2Lt Garrett, Andy K., 2Lt E Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt Ferrier, Jack G., S/Sgt R Anderson, Chester E., T/Sgt Skorupa, Benjamin (NMI), S/Sgt G Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt Vaccaro, Joseph M., S/Sgt F None None

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: “Monday, April 26, 1943 The runways are too muddy to take off today, so we cleaned & aired our tent out. Today was also Ration day & we received our cigarettes & Life-Saver mints. We had ice cream for dinner. I started this thing, this afternoon. Still no mail. Worked like hell on my guns and Radio.”

448th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34/mission 33) Group Mission # 34: Mission 24 (34): At 14:30 15 planes off to bomb RR siding at Mateur, 3 returned early. Dropped 96 x 300 bombs at 16:07 from 8500 feet. 11 returned at 17:20. One plane crashed landed at Bone (Lt. Stultz). At least one half the formation reports direct hits on RR junction and strings on Marshalling Yards. 15000 German and Italian leaflets dropped near Bordj Toum. Moderate heavy, inaccurate flak. Weather: Overcast. F/L: Heinlen.

Monday, 26 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13170 (made a landing A/C No. 41-29774 near BONE. Crew members survived) P Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt Culp, Merle H., 1Lt CP DeMuth, Robert D., 2Lt Stewart, John C., 2Lt N None Boland, Chester H., 2Lt B Ellington, John H., Jr., 2Lt Reich, William John, 2Lt E Rude, Norman J., S/Sgt Poynter, Robert A., S/Sgt R Taylor, Allan J., S/Sgt Watrous, Roger T., S/Sgt G Mahan, John J., S/Sgt Ruggere, Mauro (NMI), S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12995 “Charlie’s Aunt” A/C No. 41-29769 P Ford, Charles L. “Junior”, Jr., 1Lt Davies, Robert D., 1Lt CP Bruton, John E., 2Lt Brosnan, Cornelius G., 2Lt N None None B Gibbons, James (NMI), Jr., 2Lt Piasecki, Walter Charles, 2Lt E Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., S/Sgt Long, Jeptha D., S/Sgt R Kilgore, Thomas A., S/Sgt Smith, Harry V., S/Sgt G White, George E., S/Sgt Yutzy, Eli N., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29765 A/C No. 41-29770 P Hardzog, Walter A., Jr., 1Lt Sinclair, Ervin W., Jr., 1Lt CP McCurry, Milton L., 1Lt Cassels, Richard E., 2Lt N Cheetham, McClain (NMI), 2Lt None B Abrams, Carl V., 2Lt Patterson, L. J. (i.o.), S/Sgt E Ripple, William E. “Rip”, S/Sgt Robb, Earl K., S/Sgt R Featherstone, Charles A. “Pappy”, T/Sgt Orman, Virgil N., S/Sgt G Wallace, John R., S/Sgt Gurnee, Clarence E. “Shine”, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-30001 P Heinlen, Clayton H., Capt, Commander CP Bowman, William W., 2Lt N Ligarde, Honore (NMI), 2Lt B Brown, Robert H. “Brownie”, 2Lt E Ridgeway, Robert L., S/Sgt R Egbom, Clarence W., S/Sgt G Dellwo, Lawrence H., S/Sgt F None

Tuesday, 27 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Tunisia, P-40's bomb and strafe concentrations N and NW of Enfidaville.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Sardinia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-17's, with P-38 escort, bomb Villacidro Airfield.

In Tunisia, NASAF B-25's hit shipping W of Zembra Island off Cap Bon. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) planes (fighters, A-20's, and medium bombers) hit numerous tactical targets in NE Tunisia, including Sidi Ahmed Airfield and troops, tank, trucks, and gun positions at Massicault, on the Pont-du-Fahs road, Ksar Tyr, Bir Meherga, and other points along the battleline. HQ 2nd Bombardment Group (Heavy) and its 20th, 49th and 96th Bombardment Squadrons (Heavy) with B-17's transfer from Navarin, Algeria to Chateaudun-du-Rhumel, Algeria. The Group's fourth squadron, the 429th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), arrives at Chateaudun-du-Rhumel from the US today. The group will fly its first combat mission tomorrow.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: On April 27, 1943, the forty-first mission took off at 1610 with 11 planes on a sea search around Tunis Harbor. They dropped 48 hundred-pound and 56 three-hundred pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing, from an altitude of 6,500 feet. There were 4 or 5 small vessels moored in the harbor on the south side of Zembra Island. No hits or near-misses were made, but bombs hit along and inshore, some among small buildings and structures. Bombs were dropped at 1725. Three ME-109s approached from Tunis Harbor, but turned back. Marine observations included 1 large M/V and 1 small boat, 1 stationary boat, and 2 small boats and 1 large freighter off Metline and off C-El Fortass. Numerous barges, apparently beached, were noticed along shore from C-Al Koran to C-Bizerte. Flight leaders were Maj. Cook and Lieut. Tipton. Command-pilots were Gen. Doolittle and Col. Knapp. Cook, Bailey C., Col, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, pilot, HQ 321st BG Commander Tipton, Richard Pike "Tip", Maj, pilot, 445th BS

Tuesday, 27 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34A/mission 33A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 41: (HQ 321st BG designated this “mission # 41” on 10 May 43) ------Mission Report # 41, 27 Apr 1943

TO: NASAF REPEAT TO N U P O R T

1. 321st Bomb. Group (M), Souk El Arba

2. At 1610, 11 B-25’s took off on a Sea Search around Tunis Harbor. None returned early. 11 A/C dropped 48 x 100 and 56 x 300 demos, fusing inst. and 45 second. Altitude of attack 6500 feet. 11 A/C returned at 1820.

3. Target: 4 or 5 small vessels moored in harbor on south side of Zembra Island. No hits or near misses but bombs hit along and in shore, some among small buildings or structures. Bombs dropped at 1725.

4. AIR – 3 ME-109’s approached from Tunis Harbor but turned back.

MARINE – Off Metline 1 Larger M/V and 1 small boat, 1 stationary. Off C El Fortass 2 small boats and 1 large freighter, 1 stationary. Along shore from C Al Koran to C Bizerte numerous barges apparently beached.

FLAK – None over Target. 17 bursts from vicinity of Bizerte.

5. High overcast; Few scattered low; Viz 10 mi.

6. Flight leaders: Major Cook: Lt. Tipton General Doolittle Command Pilot Col. Knapp Command Pilot

------

445th BS War Diary: This afternoon ship 158 caught on fire on the ground. It was loaded with 12 x 100 lb. demolition bombs. At a safe distance the men and officers waited for 58 to blow up. Also on hand was Maj. Gen. Doolittle. When the ship blew up along with everyone else Gen. Doolittle hit the ground. After the explosion the General got up with kind of an innocent grin on his face and remarked to the men beside him, “Just like old times”. He came into the base in a P-40 this afternoon, went along on the mission, returned and was away in his pursuit ship without waiting for chow. Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander

Tuesday, 27 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34A/mission 33A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 41: 11 of our B-25’s took off at 16:00 to bomb shipping in the harbor at south side of Zembra Island. 48 x 300 lb. demos and 60 x 100 lb. demos were dropped in train from 8000 ft. on the harbor installations with good results. A/C No. 42-53373 447th ship/445th crew A/C No. 41-30002 P Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt CP Olson, Walter N., 2Lt Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt N Larson, Harold W., 2Lt None B Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt Laird, Ellsworth H., Jr., S/Sgt R Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt G Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt Bryant, James C., T/Sgt F Doolittle, James Harold “Jimmy”, Maj None Gen, 12th AF Commander (observer) A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw A/C No. 41-13211 ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Hennin, P. F., Maj, Hartmeister, Joel T., 2Lt N Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt None B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Finn, Robert F., T/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Chereski, John J., T/Sgt Gregory, John N., T/Sgt G Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” P Kayser, Robert B., 2Lt Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt CP Kent, William S., 2Lt Mamerow, George A., 2Lt N None None B Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt Evans, James H. “Two-Guns”, 2Lt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt R Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt None listed - likely Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt G Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt F Bury, R. J., Maj, (observer) None A/C No. 41-29767 “Flying Patch” A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt N None None B Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt R Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt F None None Tuesday, 27 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-12924 “Patricia” A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” P Clinton, Wayne C., 1Lt Grau, Robert B., 1Lt CP Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt N Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt None B Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, Sgt Flynn, Thomas H., Sgt E Kunis, Theodore C., S/Sgt Kerbow, Joseph E., S/Sgt R Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt Wright, Warren D., S/Sgt G Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” P Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt CP Asbury, Wilburn (NMI), 2Lt N Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt B Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt E Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt R Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt G Pierce, William V., S/Sgt F None

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter)

445th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) Office of the Operations Officer 19 May 1943 SUBJECT: Missions participated in at the Front. TO : Group Operations Officer, 321st Bombardment Group (M), Army Air Forces, APO #520.

1. Mission # 2. April 27, 1943. 2. Take off: 1600 – Landed at 1830. 3. Cape Serrat-Gulf of Tunis and return same route. 4. Harbor @ South side of Zembra Island. 5. Weather good, good visibility. 6. Time of attack: 1730. 7. No. of planes to start mission: 11 B-25’s. (445th – 11) 8. All ships reached objective. 9. Type and No. of escorts: 36 Spitfires. 10. 48 X 300 lb. and 60 X 100 lb. demolition bombs dropped. 11. 8000ft @ 210. 12. Flak light not intense. 13. No enemy aircraft encountered.

Tuesday, 27 April 1943 (continued)

14. All ships returned. 15. Successful.

RICHARD P. TIPTON, 1st Lt., Air Corps, Operations Officer. ------

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34A/mission 33A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 41: (446th BS did not participate)

447th BS War Diary: More rain today and lots of mud.

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34A/mission 33A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 41: (447th BS did not participate)

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: “Tue, April 27, 1943 We were on 12 o’clock Readiness for a mission. I went out this morning check guns, ammunition, & radio. Briefing - mission - Started raining again about supper time after landing making runway more perilous - Rumors going around that we’re moving - Best rumor in that we’re going back to States. As a group, we’re pretty well shot-up - Am going to Band Concert. Had Mail today & three letters, one from Libbye (girlfriend) & two from Mother.”

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34A/mission 33A: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 41: (448th BS did not participate) Wednesday, 28 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): In Italy, B-24's attack the harbor at Naples and the ferry slip at Messina. Gunners claim 5 fighters destroyed. In Tunisia, P-40's escort bombers and attack troops in the battle area N of Enfidaville.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): In Tunisia, Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-25's and P-38's attack 2 vessels off NE Tunisia in the Straits of Sicily. Other B-25's hit Tunis shipping while B- 26's bomb the landing grounds at Mabouban and Mabtouha. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) aircraft bomb concentrations near Saint-Cyprien and Ksar Tyr, shipping off Tunis, and numerous positions and vehicles along the Tunisian battleline and surrounding areas as the US 9th Infantry Division continues W astride the Sedjenane River and the 1st and 34th Infantry Divisions continue to face fierce opposition S of Jefna in Sidi Meftah area.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: Eleven planes took off at 0650 on April 28, 1943 on the forty-second mission, on a sea search. They dropped 88 three-hundred pound demolition bombs with instantaneous and 45 second fusing from 6,500 feet at 0808. The target was 3 small, moored vessels and the pier in a harbor at C-El-Ahmar. There were some small convoys of 3 to 5 vessels observed. There were some near-misses, but no hits. Flak was distant, slight and inaccurate. Twelve planes took off at 1535 on April 28, 1943 on a sea search around Tunis Harbor. Three planes dropped 18 five-hundred pound 1/10th second and 45 second fused bombs. All planes returned at 1815. Two ME-109s observed near a hospital ship, trailed the formation until near our zone. A medium-vessel painted grey, was seen burning and sinking about 1 mile south of C-Ed-Drek at 1710. No flak was encountered. Flight leaders were Maj. Cook and Lieut. Tipton. Cook, Bailey C., Col, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Tipton, Richard Pike "Tip", 1Lt, pilot, 445th BS

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34B/mission 33B: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 42: (HQ 321st BG designated this “mission # 42” on 10 May 43) ------Mission Report # 42, 28 Apr 1943

TO: C. G. NASAF REPEAT TO NUPORT FROM 321st BOMB. GROUP (M). SOUK EL ARBA.

1. 321st Bomb. Group (M), Souk El Arba

2. 0650, 11 B-25 took off on a Sea Search. No A/C returned early. 11 dropped 88 x 300 lb demo. Fusing inst. And 45 second, 11 A/C returned at 0905.

Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

3. Target: 3 small moored vessels and pier in harbor at C-El-Ahmar, bombed at 6500 feet at 0808. Some near misses, but no hits; observation obscured by smoke from bombs in area.

4. Observation: Convoy of 4 S/F and 2 small E/V observed 0820, five miles NW of Zembra Island proceeding towards Tunis Harbor. Two medium boats proceeding S/E off C. Sidi Ali 0756. 15 boats Bizerte Lake, four large, including one probable transport in NW corner and 11 small.

------

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34C/mission 33C: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 43: (HQ 321st BG designated this “mission # 43” on 10 May 43) ------Mission Report # 43, 28 Apr 1943

TO: NASAF REPEAT NUPORT

1. 321st Bomb. Group (Souk El Arba).

2. At 1535, 12 B-25’s took off on a Sea Search around Tunis Harbor. None returned early. 3 A/C dropped 18 X 500 lbs., one tenth sec. and 45 sec. 12 B-25’s returned at 1815.

3. No target and no results. Large ship was approached by formation at 1709 1 mile off coast between C. Bon and C. Ed Drek. Ship was abandoned as a target upon recognition as a hospital ship. 3 A/C dropped bombs wide of ship, due to poor visibility in haze and rain.

4. AIR – 2 ME-109’s observed near hospital ship trailed formation until near our zone. MARINE – 1 medium vessel, painted grey burning and sinking observed about 1 mile south of C-Ed-Drek at 1710.

5. Weather: High overcast, Viz over 10 miles on route out from W and NW. Viz poor in haze and light rain later around C. Bon.

6. Flight Leaders: Major Cook; Lt. Tipton.

------

Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

------HEADQUARTERS 47th WING APO 520

SUPPLEMENTARY MISSION REPORT For 29 April 1943

Victories: 0 No. of Missions flown: 1 Losses : 0 No. of Sorties : 12

At 1535, 12 B-25’s of the 321st Bomb Gp stationed at SOUK EL ARBA took off on sea search to TUNIS HARBOR. No early returns. Three a/c dropped 18 x 500 1/10 and 45 sec delay bombs and 12 returned at 1815. No target. Large ship approached at 1709 1 mile off coast between CAP BON and C. ED DREK. Abandoned as target upon recognition as hospital ship. Three a/c dropped bombs wide of ship, poor visibility due to haze and rain made recognition as hospital ship difficult. Two ME-109’s, near ship, trailed formation until near our zone. One medium M/V, grey, burning and sinking, 1 mile S of C. ED DREK at 1710. Weather: high overcast, visibility 10 miles enroute and over target. CARL T. BREMICKER, Major, Air Corps, AC of S, A-2 ------

445th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34B/mission 33B: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 42: On the first mission, 11 ships took off at 06:45 led by Lt. Tipton to bomb shipping in harbor near Cape El Ahmar. 88 x 300 lb. demolition bombs were dropped from 6000 ft. Several near misses were scored on two boats. Some buildings on shore were also hit. The flak was light but not intense. All ships returned safely at 09:00.

A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw A/C No. 42-53373 ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander CP Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, HQ 321st BG Hennin, P. F., Maj, Commander N Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt Larson, Harold W., 2Lt B Evans, James H. “Two-Guns”, 2Lt Buckingham, Richard P., 1Lt E Finn, Robert F., Sgt Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt R Chereski, John J., T/Sgt Eagan, Joseph E., M/Sgt G Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt F None None Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” A/C No. 41-12924 “Patricia” P Fisher, James Buckner, Jr., 1Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt CP Asbury, Wilburn (NMI), 2Lt Hartmeister, Joel T., 2Lt N None Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt B Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, S/Sgt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt Kunis, Theodore C., S/Sgt R Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt G Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” P Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt CP Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt Mamerow, George A., 2Lt N Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt None B Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt E Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt Curtis, Alton, D., S/Sgt R Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, T/Sgt G Pierce, William V., S/Sgt Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt F None None 447th ship/445th crew A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 41-30002 P Bonus, Robert M., 1Lt Cratin, William S., 1Lt CP Hughes, Clark E., 2Lt Bitner, William H., 2Lt N Garrison, Fred H., 2Lt Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt B McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt E Laird, Ellsworth A., Jr., S/Sgt Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Nicholson, John F., T/Sgt Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt G Bryant, James C., T/Sgt Bruyneel, Dennis A., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-29767 “Flying Patch” A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” P Miller, Roy N., 2Lt McGee, William N., 2Lt CP Butela, William F., 2Lt Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt N None None B Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt E Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt R Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt G VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt F None None

Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13211 P McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt N None B Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Asmus, George D., Sgt G Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F None

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter)

445th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) Office of the Operations Officer 20 May 1943 SUBJECT: Missions participated in at the Front. TO : Group Operations Officer, 321st Bombardment Group (M), Army Air Forces, APO #520.

1. Mission # 3. April 28, 1943. 2. Take off: 0645 – Landed at 0900. 3. Souk el Arba- N. Chouigui S. Galaat el Andeless Gulf of Tunis- Hamman Lif Mohamedia – Souk el Arba

4. Target – Harbor near Cape el Ahmar. 5. Weather good – Visibility good. 6. Time of attack: 0808. 7. No. of planes to start mission: 11 B-25’s. (445th – 11) 8. All ships reached target. 9. Type and No. of escorts: 25 Spitfires. 10. 88 X 300 lb. demolition bombs dropped. 11. 6000 ft at 210. 12. Flak light not intense. 13. No enemy aircraft encountered. 14. All ships returned. 15. Successful. RICHARD P. TIPTON, 1st Lt., Air Corps, Operations Officer. ------

Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34C/mission 33C: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 43: On the second mission 12 B-25’s (9 of the 445th) took off at 15:30 on a sea sweep led by Major Cook. The target is a large merchant vessel which turned out to be a hospital boat. We were over the target at 17:00. 18 x 500 lb. demolition bombs were dropped from 8000 ft before the boat was properly identified. No hits were scored. 550 rounds of ammunition were fired to clear the guns. No flak encountered. All ships down at 18:15. A/C No. 42-53373 A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt CP Fisher, James Buckner, Jr., 1Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt N Larson, Harold W., 2Lt Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt B McEnroe, Henry A., 2Lt Evans, James H. “Two-Guns”, 2Lt E Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt Finn, Robert F., Sgt R Eagan, Joseph E., T/Sgt Chereski, John J., T/Sgt G Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt F Hennin, P. F., Maj (observer) None A/C No. 41-13198 “Maybelle” A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” P Whiteford, Floyd R. “Whitey”, 1Lt Cratin, William S., 1Lt CP Mamerow, George A., 2Lt Bitner, William H., 2Lt N None Anderson, Charles C., 2Lt B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Murzyn, Edward (NMI), 2Lt E Curtis, Alton D., S/Sgt Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt R Cirals, Ted (NMI) “Teddie”, S/Sgt Loveless, Lloyd E., S/Sgt G Ewald, Paul E., S/Sgt Bruyneel, Dennis A., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13179 “Booger” A/C No. 41-13211 P McGee, William N., 2Lt McLaughlin, Guy J., Jr., 2Lt CP Hoekman, Robert D., 2Lt Manley, Raymond R., 2Lt N None None B McKeever, Francis D., 2Lt Springer, Richard L., S/Sgt E Littleton, Willis W., S/Sgt Conners, Howard J., S/Sgt R Nebesnak, Edward (NMI), T/Sgt Asmus, George D., Sgt G Zuckerbrod, Saul (NMI), S/Sgt Binkowski, Stephen J., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” A/C No. 41-12924 “Patricia” P Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt Clinton, Wayne C., 1Lt CP Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt N Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt B Kazich, Rudolph K., 2Lt Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, S/Sgt E Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt Kunis, Theodore C., S/Sgt R Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt G Pierce, William V., S/Sgt Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt F None None Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13201 “Poopsie” P Kayser, Robert B., Jr., 2Lt CP Kent, William S., 2Lt N None B Liebl, Ralph Kenneth 2Lt E Lambert, Richard L., S/Sgt R Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt G Whitmore, Ernest L., S/Sgt F None

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter)

445th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) Office of the Operations Officer 20 May 1943 SUBJECT: Missions participated in at the Front. TO : Group Operations Officer, 321st Bombardment Group (M), Army Air Forces, APO #520.

1. Mission # 4. April 28, 1943. 2. Take off @ 1530 – Landed at 1815. 3. Souk el Arba- N. Chouigui S. Cape Bon Enfidaville. 4. Target – Large military vessel (which turned out to be a hospital boat). 5. Time of attack: 1700. 6. Weather good – Visibility good. 7. No. of planes to start mission: 12 B-25’s. (9 of 445th) (447th – 3) 8. All ships reached objective. 9. Type and No. of escorts: Spitfires 25. 10. 18 X 500 lb. demolition bombs dropped (by 445th). 11. 8000 ft at 220. 12. No enemy aircraft encountered. 13. Flak light not encountered. 14. All ships returned. 15. Eighteen bombs dropped on hospital ship before identified-(no hits were scored.)

RICHARD P. TIPTON, 1st Lt., Air Corps, Operations Officer. ------

Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

446th BS War Diary: Regular combat zone activities. Half of the combat crews departed for Souk El Arba.

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34B/mission 33B: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 42: (446th BS did not participate)

447th BS War Diary: Three of our planes flew to Souk el Arba today. They will operate from this advanced base

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34B/mission 33B: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 42:

A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry Duck” P Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N None None B Hartis, John G., 2Lt McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., T/Sgt G Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated Lady” P DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt CP Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt N None B Quality, Bernard F. “Bernie”, S/Sgt E Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., T/Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt F None

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: “Wed, April 28, 1943 Had plenty of hot cakes for breakfast. Shaved & cleaned up - Am on alert for 12 o’clock, but mission was cancelled at three o’clock Jim Stanton left today for an advanced base some where. Spent the rest of the day sleeping and reading. Noble & I are going to movie at granary - no mail today.” Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt, radio-gunner

Wednesday, 28 April 1943 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34B/mission 33B: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 42: (448th BS did not participate)

Thursday, 29 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force): No Entry

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force): No Entry

HQ 321st BG War Diary: No Entry.

445th BS War Diary: There was no mission assigned to us today. Three of our pilots flew back to Ain M’Lila to pick up replacement ships. One local gunnery mission was flown.

------HEADQUARTERS 47th WING APO 520

SUPPLEMENTARY MISSION REPORT For 29 April 1943

Victories: 0 No. of Missions flown: 0 Losses : 0 No. of Sorties : 0

1. Negative report received from 445th Squadron, 321st Bomb Group stationed at SOUK EL ARBA. No missions due to bad weather. CARL T. BREMICKER, Major, Air Corps, AC of S, A-2 ------

446th BS War Diary: Remainder of combat crews left for Souk El Arba.

447th BS War Diary: Usual garrison duties.

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: “Thur. April 29, 1943 Got up early, had breakfast and I went to the plane, checked & cleaned all radio equip - Played a little Volley Ball until missions were cancelled - we lost ole “Trouble” (41-29775 “Double Trouble”), our ship today - I hate like hell to see it go, but is more signs that we may be going home - Saw the cooks have a good fight. We also lost our engineer, Murray, today. He was grounded because of a bad stomach. Don’t know who we’ll get to replace him - Thursday, 29 April 1943 (continued)

Nothing to do & no lights to read or play cards by, so might as well go to bed - Tomorrow is our day off - We don’t have but five planes left now. We are all getting kind of jittery, especially in our tent. Tonight is like a Spring night in the States & it brings back memories - Murphy & I went to the village and got champagne, so I guess we’ll sleep tonight.” Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt Murray, George F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Friday, 30 April 1943

USAAF Chronology: MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS (MTO):

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Ninth Air Force):

In Italy, B-24's attack the Messina ferry; bombs hit the target area and nearby marshalling yard and the city area.

In the Mediterranean, P-4O's fly fighter-bomber missions against shipping with excellent results, claiming 1 destroyer and 3 other vessels sunk, and 2 destroyers and 2 boats damaged. Fighters claim 5 Bf 109's shot down; 3 P-40's are lost.

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN (Northwest African Air Force):

In Tunisia, Northwest Strategic Air Force (NASAF) B-26's and P- 38's hit shipping off Tunisia while B-26's strike shipping near Cap Bon and the Tunis- Medjez el Bab highway. Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) fighters, A- 20's, and medium bombers, hit positions near Mateur, Bir Meherga, and Ksar Tyr, concentrations near Furna, shipping in the Gulf of Tunis and near Cap Bon, and attack isolated vehicles and troops along the battleline as the US II Corps makes substantial gains in the Jefna area. The 97th Bombardment Squadron (Light), 47th Bombardment Group (Light) with A-20's transfers from Thelepte, Tunisia to Souk-el-Arba, Tunisia.

HQ 321st BG War Diary: A sea search around Tunis Harbor was the target for the forty-fourth mission on April 30, 1943. Eighteen planes took off at 0903 and dropped 65 hundred-pound and 48 three-hundred pound bombs with 1/10 second and .025 second fusing. All planes returned at 1130. The specific target was a large vessel, identified as a large destroyer, which was bombed from an altitude of 8,000 feet about 3 miles southeast of Cape Bon. Several direct hits were made in bow, amidships and the stern. A few were near misses. The ship was left badly burning and belching black smoke. It appeared to be sinking. Six ME-109s and 1 FW-190 attacked the formation immediately after the attack. Marine observations included 1 large vessel (identified as a cruiser) proceeding behind and with target, 1 burning freighter and 1 tramp vessel. Flak over the target area was light and inaccurate. One of our aircraft was hit and 1 ME-109 was claimed destroyed. Flight leaders were Maj. Cook, Maj. Schwane and Lieut. Brinkley. Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt, pilot, 447th BS Cook, Bailey C., Maj, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Schwane, Henry H. "Hank", Maj, pilot, Commander, 446th BS

Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

HQ 321st BG Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34D/mission 33D: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 44: (HQ 321st BG designated this “mission # 44” on 10 May 43) ------Mission Report # 44, 30 Apr 1943

TO: NASAF REPEAT NUPORT REPEAT NORWAY FROM: 321st BOMB. GROUP SOUK EL ARBA

1. 321st Bomb. Group Souk El Arba.

2. At 0903 18 B-25’S took off on a Sea Search round Tunis Harbor. None returned early. 18 A/C dropped 60 x 500lb and 48 x 300lb 1/10 sec. and .025 sec. fusing. 18 B-25’s returned at 1130.

3. Target: 1 large vessel (identified as large destroyer). Bombed from altitude of 8,000 feet at 1032 about 3 miles S.E. of C. Bon while proceeding toward N.W.W. Several direct hit in bow, amidships and stern and several near misses. Ship left badly burning, belching black smoke. Appeared to be sinking.

4. AIR – 6 ME-109’s, 1 FW-190 attacked formation immediately after attack on target. MARINE – 1 large vessel (identified as small destroyer) proceeding behind and with target. 1 burning freighter observed at 1035 about 6 miles S. of C. Ed Drek. 1 tramp vessel observed at 1037 proceeding to N. about 10 miles S. of C. Ed Drek. FLAK - Over target, light and inaccurate. 1 A/C hit.

5. Weather: CAVU – except high cirrus.

6. Combat Claims: 1 ME-109 claimed destroyed. Claimant will be submitted Later.

7. Flight Leaders: Major Cook; Lt. Brinkley; Major Schwane.

------

HEADQUARTERS 47th WING APO 520

SUPPLEMENTARY MISSION REPORT For 29 April 1943

Victories: 1 ME-109, and 1 Light Cruiser No. of Missions flown: 1 Losses : 0 No. of Sorties : 18

Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

Eighteen B-25s took off at 0930 hours, returned at 1130 hours. Mission: Shipping Sweep. At 1032 hours 60 x 500 and 48 x 300 (all fused .1 and .025) bombs were dropped from 8,000 feet. The target was a light cruiser heading NNW about 6 miles SE of CAP BON. Direct hits on the bow, amidships and on the stern were scored. The ship was burning, belching black and white smoke, and apparently in a sinking condition. Six ME-109’s attacked after the bombing, 1 was destroyed. Inaccurate flak over the target damaged 1 a/c. A second light cruiser was seen following the one attacked. A burning freighter about 6 miles S of CAP ED Drek and a troop ship heading N 10 miles off coast S of CAP ED DREK were observed at 1035 hours. Weather: CAVU except for high cirrus.

CARL T. BREMICKER, Major, Air Corps, AC of S, A-2 ------

445th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

445th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34D/mission 33D: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 44: 18 ships led by Lt. Tipton (6 of the 445th) took off at 08:45 loaded with 300 and 500 lb. demolition bombs. The target was two large destroyers off the coast of Cape Bon. The target was reached at 10:32. 36 x 500 lb. bombs were dropped by the 445th from 8000 ft. The six ships led by Lt. Tipton were the only ships that were able to make a run on the two destroyers. Six direct hits and many near misses were made on one destroyer on a very difficult bomb run which later sank. 6 ME-109’s were encountered and one was destroyed. Light flak was encountered but it was not intense. All of our aircraft returned at 18:30. This was one of our most successful missions to date.

A/C No. 41-29762 “Arkan ‘Dam’ Saw A/C No. 42-53428 “The Wolf II” ‘co se it is’ “ (read it: “Cozy it is) P Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt Walker, James O., Jr., 2Lt CP Cook, Bailey C., Maj, Commander Kelley, Edward T., 2Lt N Bsharah, Norman (NMI), 2Lt Wilson, Samuel P., Jr., 2Lt B Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt Kazich, Rudolph William, 2Lt E Finn, Robert F., Sgt Melhorn, Raymond W., S/Sgt R Chereski, John J., T/Sgt Garner, Argyle R., T/Sgt G Klocke, Francis J., S/Sgt Pierce, William V., S/Sgt None None

Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13202 “Idaho Lassie” A/C No. 42-53373 P Grau, Robert B., 1Lt Gunter, Macon A., Jr., 2Lt CP Heflin, Norman H. B., 2Lt Hartmeister, Joel T., 2Lt N None Larson, Harold W., 2Lt B Flynn, Thomas H., S/Sgt None listed – likely the navigator E Kilmer, Reid Francis, S/Sgt Toy, Joseph R., T/Sgt R Nicholson, John E., T/Sgt Eagan, Joseph E., T/Sgt G Boris, Michael (NMI), S/Sgt Nickens, Cletus P., Pvt F None Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, HQ 321st BG Commander (observer) A/C No. 41-12924 “Patricia” A/C No. 41-29767 “Flying Patch” P Clinton, Wayne C., 1Lt Miller, Roy N., 2Lt CP Armstrong, Stanley K., 2Lt Butela, William F., 2Lt N Becker, Virgil C., 2Lt None B Rokotz, Peter (NMI) “Pete”, S/Sgt Smith, Warren W., S/Sgt E Kunis, Theodore C., S/Sgt Sterling, Joseph M., S/Sgt R Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt Peterson, Karl E., T/Sgt G Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt VanHall, Ernest G., Jr., S/Sgt F Westling, R. W., 2Lt, (observer) None

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter)

445th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) Office of the Operations Officer 20 May 1943 SUBJECT: Missions participated in at the Front. TO : Group Operations Officer, 321st Bombardment Group (M), Army Air Forces, APO #520.

1. Mission # 5. April 30, 1943. 2. Take off 0845 – Landed 1130. 3. Cape Bon-Enfidaville – returned the same. 4. Target – Enemy Shipping. 5. Weather: Good – Visibility good. 6. Time of attack: 1032. 7. No. of planes to start mission: 18 B-25’s. (6 445th) (446 – 9) (447 – 3) 8. All ships reached objective. 9. Type and No. of escorts: Spitfires 36. 10. 36 X 500 lb and 48 X 300 lb Demolition bombs dropped. 11. 8000 ft @ 220. 12. Flak, light and not intense. 13. No. and type of enemy aircraft encountered: 6 ME-109’s and 1 FW-190 encountered. Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

14. All ships returned. 15. Successful

RICHARD P. TIPTON, 1st Lt., Air Corps, Operations Officer. ------

445th BS Special Account: On April 30, a sea search went out led by Lt. Tipton. There were six planes of the 445th in the first flight and six planes of the 446th in the second flight and six planes of the 446th and 447th in the third flight. Two large destroyers were sighted off Cape Bon. The destroyers were taking violent evasive action at full speed. The largest one was approximately 350 ft. long. The last two flights dropped their bombs before the first flight and completely missed the warships. The first flight after maneuvering into position succeeded in making a good bomb run and the largest destroyer was squarely hit and sank within a few minutes. Lt. Claude Eiland was the bombardier in the lead ship with Lt. Tipton. A few days after this spectacular event, the 445th crews and planes returned to the base at Ain M’Lila. Eiland, Claude L., 2Lt, bombardier Tipton, Richard Pike “Tip”, 1Lt, Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: (No non-mission information)

446th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34D/mission 33D: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 44: Group mission 32 (later renumbered 44, Sqdn 21: composed of 9 planes led by Major Schwane on a Sea Sweep. Using 300 lb bombs either a cruiser or destroyer was sunk.

448th ship/446th crew 448th ship/446th crew A/C No. 41-29765 A/C No. 41-12995 P Schmidt, Frederick C. “Fred”, 1Lt Bradley, James L. “Jungle Jim”, Jr., 1Lt CP Kirk, Robert H., 2Lt Carlisle, Howard L., 2Lt N Braucher, David C., 2Lt Davis, Sterling (NMI), 2Lt B Navigator filling both B & N positions Anzalone, Benjamin W., 2Lt E Kovis, Joseph C., S/Sgt Rockafellow, Alfred A., S/Sgt R Kendall, Charles C. “Spike”, T/Sgt Sheldon, Victor W., S/Sgt G Hermanson, Ingwal J., S/Sgt Lovell, Curtis L., S/Sgt F None None

Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-13192 A/C No. 42-53377 “Flag Ship” P Porter, Jack Grafton, 1Lt Schwane, Henry H. “Hank”, Maj, Commander CP Browning, Eugene S. “Squif”, 1Lt Orrantia, Gilbert D., 2Lt N None McCarter, Elmer H., Capt B Pillman, Frank W., S/Sgt Brown, John Roland, 2Lt E Lytle, Logan Lee., S/Sgt Knapp, Walter E., S/Sgt R Nicholson, John E., T/Sgt Beach, Louis A., T/Sgt G Blick, Oliver L., Cpl South, William R., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13208 A/C No. 41-12947 “Arkansas Traveler” P Garmon, James M. “Max”, 1Lt Williams, Wallace (NMI) “Spike”, Jr., 1Lt CP Brooks, LeRoy O., 2Lt Morris, Richard Pervis “Big Moe”, Jr, 2Lt N Beyer, William J., 2Lt None B Manning, Rodney Allen, 2Lt Brei, Harold G., S/Sgt E StAntoine, James J., S/Sgt McKibben, Walter D., Jr.,S/Sgt R Leahy, Richard P. “Dick”, S/Sgt Sheehan, William F., T/Sgt G Chamberlain, Don C., S/Sgt Zook, Urie H., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-12928 “Buzz Wagon” A/C No. 41-29771 P Bailey, Harold Merle “Buzz”., 1Lt VanArtsdalen, Charles M., 1Lt CP Bleech, John (NMI), 2Lt Conner, Clarence H., 2Lt N None None B Vink, Virgil Francis, 2Lt Harris, Posey T., 2Lt E Kniffin, George Kenneth, S/Sgt Mencher, Fred S., S/Sgt R Haasch, George F., S/Sgt Friscia, Frank J., Jr., T/Sgt G Grant, Ronald A., S/Sgt Edwards, David R., Pvt F None None 448th ship/446th crew A/C No. 41-29774 P Axson, Ralph Leonidas, Jr., 1Lt CP Coffey, Noel Francis, 2Lt N Meehan, James M., 2Lt B Navigator filling both B & N positions E Ludwig, Elvin C., S/Sgt R Shields, James A., T/Sgt G Mitchell, Edgar V., S/Sgt F None

Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

------(Intentionally placed with the mission, rather than date of letter)

446th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) AAF 321st BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) AAF Office of the Operations Officer APO 520 North Africa May 20, 1943 SUBJECT: Missions participated in at the Front. TO : Operations Officer, 321st Bombardment Group (M), AAF, APO 520 North Africa

1. Mission # 5. April 30, 1943. 2. 08:45 – 11:30. 3. Cape Bon, Enfidaville, and return. 4. Sea Search. 5. Good – visibility good. 6. 1032. 7. Nine. 8. None. 9. 36 Spitfires. 10. 36 x 500 lb. and 48 x 300 lb. demolition. 11. 8000’ at 210. 12. Flak light and not intense. 13. Six ME-109’s and one FW-190. 14. None. 15. Successful. 16. None. ------

447th BS War Diary: The squadron at Ain M’Lila was scheduled to go on a sea sweep today but the mission was cancelled because of bad weather.

447th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34D/mission 33D: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 44: Three of our planes at Souk el Arba participated in a sea sweep. An enemy destroyer was sighted and attacked. It was hit and believed sunk. All our planes returned safely.

Friday, 30 April 1943 (continued)

A/C No. 41-12930 “SNAFU” A/C No. 41-12925 “Huckelberry Duck” P Brinkley, Hamilton M., 1Lt Grantham, Charles H. “Granny”, 1Lt CP Brinkley, Wilton R., 2Lt Ashley, Wilson S., 2Lt N None None B Hartis, John G., 2Lt McCone, Walter G., 2Lt E Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt Kramer, Gilbert W., S/Sgt R Stanton, James E. “Jim”, T/Sgt Anderson, Chester E., T/Sgt G Gouvin, Henry J., S/Sgt Draper, Ralph M., S/Sgt F None None A/C No. 41-13181 “The Sophisticated Lady” P DeMoss, Jack M., 1Lt CP Hoffman, Charles W., 2Lt N None B Quilty, Bernard F. “Bernie”, S/Sgt E Joseph, Edward R., S/Sgt R Hofstedt, John H., T/Sgt G Ludtke, Foster R., S/Sgt F None

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: “Fri, April 30, 1943 Today is our day off, but we can’t leave the base. Went down and took a bath & cleaned. Nothing to do - can’t find anything to read. Cantrell & Murphy are not flying, so Murphy & I went down and got wine & we’re paid at 1400 o’clock. Play a little poker but no luck - Drank our Vino and am going to bed. Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt, radio-gunner Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt, gunner

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

448th BS Mission Summary: (Ops Order 34D/mission 33D: from Souk El Arba) Group Mission # 44: (448th BS did not participate)

April 1943

HQ 321st BG War Diary: Additional Narrative for April 1943: The following are the narratives concerning some of the enemy aircraft shot down by various members of the combat crews of this period: Staff Sgt. Goldburn H. Turner, turret-gunner, is credited with destroying one FW- 190 on March 31, 1943. The enemy aircraft dove in from above at 1502 and Sgt. Turner fired approximately 325 rounds of ammunition at the enemy aircraft which pulled away smoking, and the waist-gunner saw it hit the sea. The pilot seen to bail out. Sgt. Jakse, radio-gunner in the waist position, saw the plane crash. Jakse, Joseph (NMI), S/Sgt, radio-gunner, 448th BS Turner, Goldburn H., S/Sgt, gunner, 448th BS Staff Sgt. James E. Lawyer is credited with having destroyed one ME-109 on a sea search on April 1, 1943. His plane was attacked by 2 ME-109s, one from above and directly behind the stabilizer, and the other from the rear quarter and above. The quarter attack was driven off, but the other ME-109, coming in directly behind, pressed his attack causing trouble with the tail-gun of the B-25. At approximately 200 to 300 yards, turret- gunner Lawyer delivered two 30 round blasts and saw tracers striking home. The ME-109 nose-dived to the left and seemingly out of control, made another quick maneuver which exposed his back to waist-gunner Knight. Sgt. Knight delivered 15 rounds and saw the tracers enter the ME-109 and then observed the enemy plane fall off, spinning down and hitting the water. The enemy aircraft was not on fire. The destruction of this enemy plane was verified by Staff Sgt. Walter R. Brainard from another aircraft. Brainard, Walter R., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner, 445th BS Knight, Irving W., T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 445th BS Lawyer, James E., S/Sgt, turret gunner, 445th BS Technical Sgt. DeWitt C. Gallaher is credited with having shot down an ME-109. Two Me-109s attacked from above to left rear. They made two passes and returned to make a third pass. On the third pass, waist-gunner Gallaher saw his tracers pour into the enemy aircraft. Turret-gunner’s and Tail-gunner’s tracers also found their target. One enemy plane burst into flames and hit the water. The other aircraft is believed to have been destroyed, but it was not seen going down. The turret guns expended 250 rounds; the tail-gun expended 150 rounds; and the waist-gun expended 200 rounds of ammunition. This action was verified by Lieut. R.R. Liebl, bombardier, who saw the enemy plane hit the water. Gallaher, Dewitt C., T/Sgt, gunner, 445th BS Liebl, Ralph Kenneth, 2Lt, bombardier, 445th BS Tail-gunner, Staff Sgt. Frank J. Krzyzanowski, shot down an ME-109 on a sea sweep on April 2, 1943. The enemy aircraft rose up from behind and below, and Sgt. Krzyzanowski gave the plane a burst at about 300 yards. The enemy plane apparently did not know the tail-gunner’s position and immediately upon being hit, climbed to the port out side of the B-25, smoking the other side of his fuselage and wing. Coming within 100 yards of the B-25, he remained in the sights of Sgt. Krzyzanowski. As the left-waist gun and turret-guns came into play. Innumerable tracers were seen to be hitting the enemy and it is the consensus of opinion that the pilot was killed due to his vulnerable position and subsequent actions. Approximately 250 rounds of ammunition were April 1943 (continued) expended. The enemy plane was observed to shake momentarily in a steep bank and then go into an extreme slide-slip to the water. Though Sgt. Krzyzanowski was seriously wounded, he remained at his gun throughout the encounter and withheld further passes by the enemy planes and did not ask for aid until the “all-clear” was given. The destruction of this enemy aircraft was verified by Sgt. Pierce, who saw the plane explode approximately 100 yards from the water with the left wing breaking away from the rest of the plane. The pilot did not bail out. Krzyzanowski, Frank J., S/Sgt, gunner, 445th BS Pierce, William V., S/Sgt, gunner, 445th BS An ME-109 was shot down by Staff Sgt. Walter R. Brainard on a sea search on April 1, 1943 (Actually Mission # 15, 31 Mar 43). A single ME-109 made a swift surprise attack from above and behind at rear quarter. Tail-gunner Brainard got in a quick burst of 25 rounds from 20 to 30 yards and tracers were seen hitting the engine. The ME-109 then slipped to starboard of the B-25, exposing the underside of his wing and fuselage and Sgt. Brainard got in another burst of 30 rounds in this position as the aircraft slipped 1,000 feet. Then, it nosed down and dove, without spiraling, to the sea where it was seen by Sgt. Brainard to hit the water. It was not on fire. One P-38 joined the encounter just after the ME-109 nosed straight down and followed for a short distance in case it regained control. The destruction of this plane was verified by Maj. Cook and Sgt. Curtis and Sgt Arvo. Arvo, Nillo Richard, S/Sgt, gunner, 445th BS Brainard, Walter R., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner, 445th BS Cook, Bailey C., Col, pilot, Commander, 445th BS Curtis, Raymond T., T/Sgt, radio-gunner, 445th BS Staff Sgt. Robert B. Parker, 447th Bombardment Squadron, was killed by the accidental discharge of a turret-gun on a B-25 airplane, at Ain M’Lila, Algeria, on April 15, 1943. On April 16, 1943, an item of interest regarding a member of the 445th Bombardment Squadron, appeared in the weekly issue of the Stars & Stripes, and is quoted as follows: JERRY PRISONERS DUBBED ‘BUMS’ BY DODGER FAN. Sergeant Michael J. Grilli of Brooklyn used to call the Dodgers ‘dem bums’. But now he refers to some German soldiers he took prisoner recently, by that title. Sgt. Grilli was part of a motor convoy moving up toward the front to join the rest of his squadron, which had moved by air. Suddenly, the convoy was halted in a small village and an M.P. came running down the road, shouting to all those in the vehicles to get their guns and tommy- guns and pistols ready. The night before, they said, some German prisoners jumped off a train in the vicinity of the village and hid in the surrounding country. Sgt. Grilli loaded up his tommy-gun and with other members of the convoy, fanned out on the sides of the road. He walked down a field in the middle of which a dry creek had made a long gully. There were several bushes in the gully. And behind the bushes were strange figures looking across at a group of Yanks and some French soldiers on the other side of the gully. They didn’t see Sgt. Grilli, but they soon heard him and ducked as tommy-gun lead headed for them. The ex-prisoners then jumped up with their hands in the air, and immediately became prisoners again. Sgt. Grilli yelled to other members of the party and up came Lieut. Norman H. B. Heflin of Savannah, Ga., Cpl. William J. Riley, Jr., of April 1943 (continued)

Cambridge, Mass., Cpl. Jack Kantrowitz of Brooklyn, N.Y., and Lieut. K.H.F. Coffey of Salem Ore., (all personnel of the 321st Bombardment Group) and soon the prisoners, members of German tank corps, were once again in the hands of the Military Police. End. The malaria season begins in this area about this period and prophylactic measures are being taken. In the administration of atebrin for the prevention of this nuisance that has threatened so many armies in past history. Several men have had rather violent and persistent reactions to the drug, with frequent gastric upsets and diarrhea. Coffey, Kenneth H.F., 2Lt, pilot, 447th BS Grilli, Michael J., Sgt, transportation, 445th BS Kantrowitz, Jack (NMI), Pvt, duty soldier, 445th BS Parker, Robert B., S/Sgt, gunner, 447th BS Riley, William J., Jr., Cpl, photographer, 445th BS Members of the group who professed the Catholic faith, frequently visited this distinctive church in Ain M’Lila, presided over by a French padre. The town itself was hardly more than the usual Arab village and offered no attraction to the GIs.

April 1943 (continued)

The Roman ruins at Timgad were only about 30 miles from our base at Ain M’Lila and attracted many tourist-minded men from the group. In the street-scene shown above, may be seen the ruts made by ancient Roman chariot-wheels. The amphitheatre shown below was an impressive part of the visit.

April 1943 (continued)

445th BS War Diary: Additional Narrative for April 1943: While the combat missions were going on over this period of time, the men found recreation in baseball games, in poker, and occasionally visiting Constantine, Batna and other nearby towns. As always, the mail line was the most popular of all the many Army lines. By April 20, the Tunisian campaign had developed to a point where it appeared that the Germans might be forced to commence to evacuate from northern Tunisia. In this connection it was decided to send one of the Squadrons to an advanced base so as to be nearer to the Mediterranean waters around the ports from which the Germans might evacuate, for the purpose of raiding shipping. The 445th Squadron was chosen to go. In addition to the flight echelon, only a few personnel which were absolutely necessary to take care of the required ground services went along. On April 22, a convoy of (3) 2-and-one-half ton trucks, one weapons carrier, two lorries and 13 jeeps left Ain M’Lila. Lt. Malek was the head of the convoy. Malek, Stanley J., 2Lt, intelligence The convoy arrived fairly late in the evening at King’s Cross air base about 20 miles east and south of Souk el Arba. The convoy was slowed up by miles and miles of tanks rolling toward the front. The men worked late that night and early the next morning to get the new camp dug in. We had nothing but a field together with the equipment which we brought in the convoy. However, no sooner had the camp been set up in satisfactory working order that it was decided to move to a new base. The convoy packed up and moved to the field just outside Souk el Arba known as Sloan’s Square field or Souk el Arba No. 2. One pyramidal tent had been taken along to serve as a headquarters for Operations and S-2. However, Col. Knapp decided that it should also serve as his living quarters. The air echelon arrived on April 23. On April 24, weather prevented missions. By April 30, some planes and crews from the 446th and 447th had arrived at the advanced base. Knapp, Robert Duane, Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander JAMES E. NICKERSON, Captain, Air Corps, Squadron Historian.

April 1943 (continued)

446th BS War Diary: Additional Narrative for April 1943: None

447th BS War Diary: Additional Narrative for April: None

447th BS: War Diary of: Waldrip, Robert Laseter, T/Sgt, radio-gunner: Note: this is the first several pages from T/Sgt Waldrip’s diary - his daily entries start on Sunday, 25 April 1943. “This seems to be a hell of a time to be starting a diary, and this isn’t exactly a “Diary Book”. A lot has happened since I landed first in North Africa, as we came into Roberts Field at Dakar, Lt. Shapiro, Lt. Hengel, Lt. Ackley, Nav., Lankford the Engineer, Rider the gunner, Dodds, the turret specialist of the out fit and passenger on our plane across, and myself. None of us knew the living conditions & circumstances we would run up against. It was a pleasant trip across, but plenty of perspiration was shed by we enlisted men all along the line. First, we heard it was in our hands, and we now see we’re getting closer to war. Ackley, James H., 2Lt, pilot Dodds, Roy J., Sgt, turret specialist Hengel, Edward D., 2Lt, pilot Lankford, Raymond D., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt Shapiro, Leonard L. “Shap”, 1Lt, pilot

At first, we gave the Natives bon-bon chocolates, or chew gum, because we wanted to be friendly with them. They were friendly to us, but believe me, they knew that we Americans were great spenders, and they really stuck us for everything we bought. We stayed in Marrakech several days because no one seemed to know where we were to go. We worked on our ship until about 3 o’clock then we would go into the city, about two miles, sightseeing, of course in the Arab section, you would probably have to use your gas mask, because the common Arab couldn’t live in a decent place. Martha Raye was here, and had breakfast with us two or three times, but she was nothing to look at.

We heard all kinds of rumors about where we were going, but when we were going, but when we finally did leave, we went to Oujda, in French Morocco, about 30 miles from Spanish Morocco & the Mediterranean Sea.

We were really glad to get there, because we were told that we would meet our ground forces. We were there, just lying around for a week before they did meet us, and were we glad to see them, because they had mail (mailed to us before we left the States) and we were more than glad to see the mechanics because the Combat Crews had been maintaining the ships, and we really needed a rest.

It was rumored that we were to do Coast Patrol work from Oujda, but our Colonel had different plans for us. For after-all, we had had more combat training in the States than any group that had ever left, and too, our modified ships were just the thing for combat. We stayed in Oujda a couple of weeks while the Brass Hats were deciding that we would go to the front and get our taste of Combat. April 1943 (continued)

Well, one night they told us Combat Crew Members to load our planes, that we were going to the front to our new base. This was a big time event for us, because we wanted to “get into it”. We exchanged our Engineer and got Murray back (He came across on the boat). The next morning, we were at our planes and ready to take off, when the Parachute boys put a show on for us - Swarms of C-24’s came over the field and landed about one thousand parachutists. Then is when I found the value of them. I also saw Gen. “Ike” Eisenhower, Gen. Spaatz & Gen. Jimmy Doolittle there. Eisenhower, Dwight D. “Ike”, General of the Army, Supreme Commander Allied Forces Doolittle, James Harold "Jimmy", Maj Gen, 12th AF, Commander Murray, George F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Newhouse, Ralph W., Sgt, engineer-gunner Spaatz, Carl Andrew "Tooey", Lt Gen, Commander, Strategic Air Forces

Our next stop was the front, or rather the base we would operate from. We flew to Ain M’Lila in Algeria and there we made ready for Combat.

Ain M’Lila is a small French town surrounded by mountains and our field is right in the middle of the valley. The town is mostly Arabic and we’re told that they’re none to friendly to us. Lt. Duke’s and our crew decided to tent together, and we pitched our pyramidal together; Noble, Govoni, Drogosch of Duke’s crew, and Murray, Rider & myself. The food is terrible and we slept on the ground for a couple of weeks, as we’ve been doing since leaving the States, until the ground crews catch up with us again. Drogosch, Robert C., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Duke, Albert (NMI) “Al”, 2Lt Govoni, Harold F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Murray, George F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt, gunner Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt, gunner

They don’t give us much time to settle down here, because the third day we’re here, we go on our first mission, and get our first taste of warfare.

Duke’s crew & our crew are back scheduled for the same mission. It was an air field that we were to attack and believe me; we were met with a plenty hot reception. We didn’t run into any fighters, but those Jerries are part masters at sending flak or ack-ack up. That stuff can really make you want to make yourself small. We didn’t loose any men or planes on that trip, but several of the ships were hit by flak, ours being one of them.

I think that it was the next day that Duke’s crew was scheduled for a sea sweep in the morning, and our crew was in a flight to bomb another field around noon. We took off after the Sea Sweep gang, and flew around for three hours over enemy territory, but we couldn’t find the target and we returned to find that the first blood had been shed in our out-fit. The Sea Sweep Gang had ran into a convoy escorted by Goering’s yellow nose Bastards and Duke was shot down in the sea. No one knew whether anyone got out or not. Jensen got two ME-210’s, Smitty got 1, in fact we were credited with shooting

April 1943 (continued) down five and destroying most of the convoy. Woody was killed on Lt. Burn’s crew who were fortunate enough to survive an attack by 5 FW-190’s, and land at Bone. The whole crew was pretty much unbalanced. Burns, John P. “Buster”, 1Lt, pilot Duke, Albert (NMI) “Al”, 2Lt, pilot Jensen, Aage E., S/Sgt, gunner Smith, Douglas P., M/Sgt, gunner Woody, James A., S/Sgt, gunner

That night was the quietest night any of us in our tent have ever spent, because Noble, Govoni & Drogosch were gone, and we could hardly realize it. We bitched and quarreled & made a lot of noise, playing Cards, etc., but we were all the best of friends. We were not the only squadron to lose planes in that raid. Drogosch, Robert C., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Govoni, Harold F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt, gunner

It is impossible to say how much anxiety I’ve spent waiting for letters from home. I’ve received some from Mother & Libbye (girlfriend), but they were written before I left the States. That’s the bad part being over here, because we can’t hear or receive mail very often.

The next day we were not scheduled, and Cantrell came in - we had left them in Puerto Rico for an Engine change and they just caught up with us - the ground crews were gradually catching up with us too, coming by transports & C-24’s. We were beginning to see relieved of some of our work & strain, so we could worry ore about Jerry’s flak. Cantrell & Murphy moved in our tent, taking Noble’s & Govoni’s place, and we were plenty glad to have them to relieve the gloom. Cantrell, Walter A., T/Sgt, radio-gunner Govoni, Harold F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Murphy, Russell E. “The Kid”, S/Sgt, gunner Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt, gunner

Our next mission was another airfield & Cantrell made that one too. The Jerries were set for us as usual and they threw up so much stuff you could hardly see anything but their shells bursting on our same level. I had not taken to much notice to my parachute until that day, until I saw a direct hit on a plane in front of us, just blowing it in half. I saw three chutes floating down & I made record time in finding mine at the Camera hatch & putting it on. That’s the hottest reception to date. We were not hurt, but had a few flak holes in our ship. Osowiecki, another gunner got a piece up his rectum, but it wasn’t serious. Osowiecki, Hendrick (NMI), S/Sgt, gunner

April 1943 (continued)

About five days after Duke Crashed, we received word that they had gotten out, except Govoni, and he was killed. They had rowed to shore and slipped through German lines to a British Base. We were really happy, and sad to hear of Govoni because he was one swell fellow. About a week later they came in just as we were going on a mission, and we didn’t get to talk to them until we got back. Noble & Drogosch moved back in the tent, making seven. Noble & Drogosch argued all the time, until Drogosch moved out & neither of them have flown since - Duke is in a hospital. Their nerves are shot. Duke, Albert (NMI) “Al”, 2Lt, pilot Drogosch, Robert C., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Govoni, Harold F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Noble, Francis L. “Frank”, S/Sgt, gunner

Things happen so fast here, that its impossible to catch up - I have eight missions now - I should have ten, but our ship has had to be repaired & we had to turn back two or three times. Our last three flights, Murray has gotten sick before we reached the target and I had to take the tail guns over, but I don’t mind it so much. Our crew, or my ship, has been attacked once by fighters - Rider got one & Murray got one, and from my waist gun position and another ship & I shot one down - the best shots are from the tail & at my waist position I don’t have much range, but I have to stay by the radio, whenever possible. Murray, George F., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Rider, Lawrence E. “Bus”, S/Sgt, gunner

April 1943 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Additional Narrative for April 1943: The month of April passes with the steady retreat of the Germans towards Tunis and Bizerte. The rains almost ceased and flying weather improved greatly, missions were flown almost daily totaling 17 for the month. The squadron was proud to report only one casualty, although Lt. Veum and his crew were forced to land in the water on April 22. Everyone but S/Sergeant Donnelly was rescued. Lt. Stultz was forced to make a crash landing at the Bone Airdrome after this same mission which was over Mateur. Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt, gunner Stultz, Raymond B., 1Lt, pilot Veum, Ole E., 1Lt, pilot The weather again turned inclement toward the end of the month and missions became less frequent but the 448th continued to do its share demoralizing enemy communication and transportation. In the Squadron Area the Mess Hall underwent a great impartment when a deep layer of gravel was laid throughout the area. Cakes were baked at a local bakery in Ain M’Lila and infrequently fresh meat was issued by the Quartermaster. There was a great shortage of bread and sugar at this time but the Mess as a whole continued to improve. Although Batna was placed Off Limits late in the month, trips were still made to Timgad to see the Roman ruins. Constantine remained the main attraction, with much wine and beer which was greatly enjoyed. Late in the month the Red Cross set up an Officer’s Club and Enlisted Men’s recreation hall in Ain M’Lila. They also began to bring doughnuts and coffee for combat crews on their return from a mission. In the granary the Squadron S-2 Section set up a large map of the Operational Situation and everyone followed the Allied progress with great interest. Operations Section also made charts showing the progress and efficiency of the squadron’s crews and airplanes. One night late in April several B-17’s, lost in the heavy over-cast, tried to land at the airdrome. Due to the prompt action of Lt. Wonnacott and several of his men two planes landed safely and one crashed landed with all members of the crew safe. Several more were heard circling over head but did not come in. The Mess Hall had some chicken (canned) which was served to the very grateful crews. Wonnacott, Robert C., 2Lt, engineering

April 1 – 7 – 43: No Officers or Enlisted Men assigned or joined during this period. On April 1, 1943, 1st Lieutenant Plumlee met with a fatal accident while riding in a jeep. Burial in Constantine. Usual squadron duties. Plumlee, Eldon A., 2Lt, pilot

April 8 – 14 – 43: No Officers or Enlisted Men assigned or joined during this period. 2nd Lieutenant Hayes appointed 1st Lieutenant. Usual squadron duties performed in camp. Weather inclement. Hayes, Elzie N., Jr., 1Lt, armament

April 1943 (continued)

April 15 – 21 – 43: No Officers or Enlisted men assigned or joined during this period. Usual squadron duties performed while in camp. Passes issued to all personnel to visit Constantine and Batna. Weather: rainy and cool.

April 22 – 31- 43: No Officers or Enlisted Men assigned or joined during this period. 1st Lieutenant Veum, 2nd Lieutenants: Holt, Mims, Brosnan, S/Sgts: Uzailko, Porch and Donnelly forced down in Mediterranean Sea in action over Tunis. S/Sgt. Donnelly fatally injured, remainder of crew returned safely. Usual squadron duties performed in camp. After its first month of combat duty the squadron had good reason to be proud of its record. Brosnan, Cornelius C., 2Lt, pilot Donnelly, William L., S/Sgt, gunner Holt, William E., 2Lt, navigator Mims, Joe Argailus, 2Lt, bombardier Porch, Dean O., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Uzailko, George (NMI), S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Veum, Ole E., 1Lt, pilot