Marine Algae Biodiversity

Mariana C. Oliveira Inst. Biosciences – USP [email protected] Marine Biodiversity • Radulovici 2010: 10 million marine species

• “Biodiversity crisis”: high exncon rates induced by human acvity: overfishing, polluon, global warming and ocean acidificaon, invasive organisms etc.

• “Taxonomic impediment”: Carbayo & Marques, 2011: ~360 years, ~263 bi USD to idenfy the metazoa (animals) alone.

Regional x Global Huge challenge! http://www.boldsystems.org/

Why study algae biodiversity?

Provide important ecosystem services

• key primary producers (~50% of O2 producon) • planktonic microalgae play key roles in global geochemical cycles • macroalgae are the dominant species in coastal regions, where they support a broad range of marine organisms • algae are an economic resource that is increasingly being exploited and domescated economic importance

Ø Human food

“Porphyra” spp. (“nori”) → Japan, 3 bi USD/yr

Ø hidrocoloids (agar/agarose, carrageenans, alginates) ex. Gracilaria biotecnology, food industry, paints, phamaceutics, etc. Why study algae biodiversity?

• phylogenec and physiological diversity

targets for biotechnological applicaons, either as biomass for biofuel producon or as sources of novel biomolecules with diverse applicaons.

Baldauf, 2008 Cl. a, b Cl. a, fb Cl. a, c Cl. a, c, fb

Diversity of cell with nuclei (Eukarya)

BIODIVERSITY OF RHODOPHYTA OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

USP / UNESP / Botany Instute

• Objecve : Generate a data bank integrang DNA sequences with taxonomic data and with geographic distribuon for the species of Rhodophyta in the state of São Paulo, including marine and fresh water species.

UK, Mexico, USA BrBOL: Brazilian network for the molecular identification of biodiversity

General coordination: Claudio Oliveira (UNESP)

Brazilian network for the molecular identification of marine organisms

Coordination: Mariana C Oliveira (USP)

http://brbol.org/

GDRI: International research network Chile, Brazil, France

Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnology of Marine Algae

France: J. Mark Cock, Station Biologique de Roscoff Chile: Marie-Laure Guillemin, UACH, Valdivia Brazil: Mariana C. Oliveira, Universidade de São Paulo

2013-2015 Rhodophyta (red algae) Florideophyceae

Bangiophyceae Bangiales: 2 genera Porphyra Rhodellophyceae Bangia Porphyridiophyceae

Stylonematophyceae

Compsopogonophyceae

Cyanidiophyceae Bangiophyceae

~1.1 bi yrs fossil

- Multicelularity (“complex”)

-Sexual reproduction (oldest register)

Bangiomorpha pubescens

Butterfield 2000 Global networks to study diversity

Sutherland et al. 2011 (Provasoli Award)

15 researchers: Brazil, Canada, Korea, USA, UK, Japan, New Zealand.

“Porphyra” (bladed)

“Bangia” (filamentous)

15 genera

“H. musciformis” H. cervicornis

Hypnea sp.3 Hypnea sp.1 Hypnea sp.2

H. spinella

Hypnea sp. 4

H. stellulifera COI - NJ H. flexicaulis F. Nauer rbcL/rbcL-S cox1 Chondria collinsiana Búzios, RJ Chondria collinsiana Búzios, RJ Palisada papillosa México (Pacífico) 86/88 Palisada papillosa México (Pacífico) 85 P. perforata Ilhas Canárias P. papillosa Ilhas Canárias 100/100 100/90 92/ 87 P. papillosa Ilhas Canárias Laurencia complex 84 - 92 P. perforata Ilhas Canárias P. perforata Parati, RJ 98/100! P. papillosa Rio das Ostras, RJ 88 P. perforata Parati, RJ P. perforata Rio das Ostras, RJ Cassano et al 2012 100/100 100/100! P. papillosa Angra dos Reis, RJ P. papillosa Angra dos Reis, RJ 92 88/79 94 P. papillosa, Rio das Ostras, RJ P. perforata Parati, RJ - P. perfotata Rio das Ostras, RJ P. perforata Parati, RJ 100/100 100/100 P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ 94 78 *! P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ 91/98 78 Chondrophycus furcatus Tambaú, PB Chondrophycus furcatus Tambaú, PB Laurencia filiformis BA Laurencia sp.2 Ilhote do Ubu, ES L. filiformis, BA L. majuscula Ilha Grande, RJ89/91 L. filiformis Parati, RJ Laurencia sp.3 Ilha Vitória, SP L. filiformis Parati, RJ L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ81 L. filiformis Parati, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Parati, RJ L. majuscula Ilha Grande, RJ L. filiformis Búzios, RJ L. filiformis Parati, RJ ! L. filiformis* Búzios, RJ L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Parati, RJ ! L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ ! L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Parati, RJ ! L. majuscula Ilha Grande, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. majuscula Ilha Grande, RJ L. filiformis Parati, RJ ! 74/92 L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis78 Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ ! L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Búzios, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ 100/98 L. arbuscula Búzios, RJ L. arbuscula Búzios, RJ L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ L. arbuscula- / 79 Búzios, RJ L. obtusa Búzios,74 RJ 60 L. obtusa Búzios, RJ L. filiformis Búzios, RJ 100/100 L. obtusa Búzios, RJ L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras,90 RJ L.obtusa Ilha de Cabo Frio, RJ L. arbuscula Búzios, RJ L.obtusa Ilha de Cabo Frio, RJ L. obtusa Ilha de Cabo Frio, RJ L. obtusa Búzios, RJ 99/98 L. arbusculaL. Arraialarbuscula doArraial Cabo do Cabo, RJ, RJ L. arbuscula Arraial do Cabo, RJ L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras, RJ L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras, RJ 94 L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras, RJ L. filiformis, BA Laurencia sp.1 Ilhote de Ubu, ES L. obtusa Ilha de Cabo Frio, RJ * L. arbuscula Arraial do Cabo, RJ 95/- Laurencia sp.1 Búzios, RJ 97 L. intricata Cuba L. filiformis Lauro de Freitas, BA Laurencia sp.1 Búzios, RJ 100/100 L. aldingensis, Ilhote de Ubu, ES * Laurencia sp.1 Ilhote de Ubu, ES L. aldingensis Búzios, RJ 79 73/80 L. aldingensis Praia Rasa, Búzios, RJ 100/100 55 L. intricata Pta dos Castelhanos, ES * L. aldingensis Ilhote de Ubu, Anchieta, ES 63/57 98 Laurencia dendroidea L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ L. intricata Maracajaú, RN 80 L. catarinensis, SC (localidade tipo: Brasil) L. intricata Ilhas Canárias * 85/-

L .intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ L. intricata Ilhas Canárias - L. intricata Parati, RJ L. Intricata Ponta dos Castelhanos, ES 79/85 100/100 55 L. intricata Maracajaú,RN L. intricata Parati, RJ 84 69/84 85/- L. intricata Ilhas Canárias L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ 89 85 L. intricata Ilhas Canárias L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ L. caduciramulosa Ilha Grande, RJ L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ L. catarinensis Florianópolis, SC * L. caduciramulosa Angra dos Reis, RJ 90/94 L. caduciramulosa Angra dos Reis, RJ 56 64/96 L. caduciramulosa Ilhas Canárias 91 L. caduciramulosa Angra dos Reis, RJ 100/100 L. oliveirana Arraial do Cabo, RJ L. caduciramulosa Ilhas Canárias 88 Laurencia sp.2 Ilhote de Ubu, ES * L. intricata Cuba Laurencia sp.3 Ilha Vitória, SP L. oliveirana Arraial do Cabo, RJ 0.01 5 Comandante Ferraz (BRA) Machu Picchu (PER)

Arctowski (POL)

Baía do Almirantado SP23 NY07 SP36 FP11 ECO87 NY28 94 SP18a Desmarestia menziesii ECO86 SP69 IBT946 87 SP37 SP12 SP11a ECO09 Desmarestiaceae NY06 SP72 Phaeurus antarcticus 98 SP74a NY12 85 FP15 Himantothallus grandifolius NY02 Phaeophyceae ECO08 85 SP48 NY09 NY04 Desmarestia antarctica 95 SP60 NY08 SP54 NY03 Desmarestia anceps 99 NY10 Adenocystaceae 91 NY11 Adenocystis utricularis SP10 Chordariaceae 100 88 SP32 Chordaria linearis 60 NY01 FP05 Ascoseira mirabilis Ascoseiraceae 100 ECO27 SP29 NY05 Cystosphaera jacquinotii Seirococcaceae 100 ECO06 FP12 100 NY22 Plocamium aff. cartilagineum Plocamiaceae ECO89 ECO47 100 NY17 Curdiea racovitzae Gracilariaceae ECO34 ECO17 ECO85 Corallinales 89 FP13 Plumariopsis peninsularis Wrangeliaceae NY26 Georgiella confluens IBT936 74 SP77 Myriogramme manginii Delesseriaceae 100 SP78 IBT935 Acanthococcus antarticus Rhodophyta ECO81 Callophyllis sp. ECO46 Gymnogongrus antarcticus 81 ECO88 Gigartina skottsbergii NY25 70 NY20 NY19 93 Gigartinaceae SP7C Iridaea cordata 100 SP64 ECO41 NY24 ECO68 87 NY23 Pyropia endiviifolia 100 ECO55 Bangiaceae SP9a Wildemania plocamiestris 98 ECO73 ECO40 SP16b SP52a Palmaria decipiens Palmariaceae 100 NY21 SP61 IBT943 88 EF426573 Prasiola stipitata 100 IBT949 Prasiola sp. Prasiolaceae ECO54 Prasiola crispa 89 IBT951 77 ECO48 100 Ulva bulbosa IBT944 Ulvaceae EF426568 Ulva sp. 100 SP43 69 ECO02 Protomonostroma rosulatum 91 ECO01 HQ603331 CA Protomonostroma undulatum Ulotrichaceae IBT945 96 97 Urospora penicilliformis 91 HQ603371 CA Urospora sp2. penicilliformis NY32 Acrosiphonia arcta Chlorophyta 94 HQ603320 CA Acrosiphonia sp. FP36 86 67 FP39 Monostroma grevillei FP38 NY15 FP01 100 FP33 Gomontiaceae NY16 FP02 Monostroma hariotii 63 FP03 FP34 FP31 NY14 A.0.02 Medeiros DNA barcoding of algae in Brazil • DNA barcodes are efficient to idenfy and delimitate species among different groups of algae, corroborang its use for biodiversity surveys • In most groups recognion of crypc speciaon • New taxa, new occurrences • Detecon of phenotypic plascity • Exoc species (?) • Local exncon (?) • Eurico Cabral de Oliveira (USP, UFSC) • Silvia M. P. B. Guimarães (IBt) Thank you! • Maria Beatriz B. Barros Barreto (UFRJ) • Daniela Milstein (USP) • Amanda Medeiros (USP) • Auro Silva Garcia Filho (UNESP) • Carolina Franco (USP) • Cecília H. Kano (IBt) • Cecilia M. Ishida (IBt) Mutue Fujii (IBt) • Cesar Redivo (IBt) Orlando Necchi Jr (UNESP) • Cina Iha (USP) Pio Colepicolo (USP) • Douglas de Castro Agosnho (UNESP) Estela M. Plastino (USP) • Emmanuelle Costa (USP) Nair Yokoya (Ibt) Paulo Horta (UFSC) • Fabio Nauer (USP) Sônia M. B. Pereira (UFRPE) • Mônica Orlandi Paiano (UNESP) • Natalia Guimarães (USP) • Rodrigo Pegorin (IBt) • Valéria Cassano (USP)