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Home , Polymethylpentene, Polypropylene

216-231_Labware2007 4/16/07 12:06 PM Page 217

Reference, Tech

Resins - Reference material for labware. PMP withstands repeated autoclaving. It can withstand Centrifuge Chemical Resistance Table intermittent exposure to temperatures as high as 175°C. Products made of are brittle at ambient temperature and may crack or break if dropped from benchtop height. Polyolefins are high-molecular-weight . They include: low-, linear low-density and high-density ; ; polypropylene, Centrifugeware and polymethylpentene. All are nontoxic and non-contaminating and exhibit varyingTubes O-rings Closures degrees of break resistance. These are the only lighter than . They easily ® withstand exposure to nearly all chemicals at room temperature for up to 24 hours. Tefzel Strong oxidizingChemical, agents Concentration eventually cause . FEP All PPCO polyolefins PC can be PE PP PSF PS SILI Viton® PP ETFE PE PPE damaged by long exposure to . 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethanone, pure S S M S M M U U U M S S – Polyethylene The of results in an essentially straight-chain, POLYMETHYLPENTENE high molecular-weight1,3-Butadiene, . pure The polyethylenesSUUUUUUUSUSUU are classified according to the relative degree of branching (side chain formation) in their molecular structures, which 1,4-Dioxane, pure SMUMMUUUUMMMUPolystyrene (PS) is rigid and non-toxic, with excellent dimensional stability and good can be controlled with selective catalysts. 1:3 Mixture Of Nitric And SUUUUUUUMUS2UUchemical resistance to aqueous solutions, but limited resistance to . This Like other polyolefins, the are chemically inert. Strong oxidizing agents glass-clear material is commonly used for disposable laboratory products. Products Hydrochloric Acids, pure will eventually cause oxidation and embrittlement. They have no known at made of are brittle at ambient temperature and may crack or break if room temperature.1-Pentanol, Aggressive pure solvents will cause softeningS or S swelling, M but these M Mdropped M from benchtop S2 height. U S M S M M effects are normally reversible. Low-density1-Phenylethanone, polyethylene (LDPE)pure has more extensiveSMUMMUUUUMSMU branching, resulting in a less compact molecular1-Undecanol, structure. pure S S2 M S M M M – S M S2 S – High-density2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, polyethylene (HDPE) purehas minimal branching, S U which makes U it more U U M U U – U S2 U – rigid and less permeable than LDPE. 2,2'-Oxybispropane, pure S U U U U U U U U U S2 U – 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, pure S M U U M U U U S M M U S2 POLYSTYRENE 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3- SMUMMUUUUMS2MU Propanetricarboxylic Acid Tributyl (PVC) is similar in structure to polyethylene, but each unit contains a chlorine atom. The chlorine atom renders it vulnerable to some solvents, Ester, pure but also makes it more resistant in many applications. PVC has extremely good 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde,HIGH-DENSITY pure POLYETHYLENE S S2 M S Mresistance M to oils (except U essential U oils) M and very M low permeability U to most S gases. – Polyvinyl chloride is transparent and has a slight bluish tint. Narrow-mouth 2-Isopropoxypropane, pure S U U U Umade of Uthis material U are relatively U thin-walled U and U can be S2flexed slightly. U When – Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) combines the toughness of low-density blended with ester , PVC becomes soft and pliable and can be polyethylene2-Methoxyethanol, with the rigidity pureof high-density polyethylene.S S U S M U U U U M S2 S – extruded into flexible tubing. Cross-linked2-Methoxyethyl high-density Oleate, polyethylene pure (XLPE) Sis a form S2 of high-density U S M U U U – M S S – polyethylene wherein the individual molecular chains are bonded to each other (using heat, plus 2-Propanol,chemicals or pure radiation) to form a three-dimensionalS S U of extremely S S M S2 S2 S S S S S2 high molecular2-Propanone, weight. This pure structure provides superiorSMUUMUUUUMMUU stress-crack resistance and somewhat improves the toughness, stiffness and chemical resistance of HDPE. XLPE is a superior2-Propenenitrile, material for pure very large storageS tanks. U U S U U U U U U S2 S U Polypropylene3-Phenyl-2-propenal, (PP) is similar to pure polyethylene, but Seach unit U of the chain M has a U U M UPOLYVINYL U U CHLORIDE U S2 U – methyl group attached. It is translucent, autoclavable and has no known solvent at 4'-Chloroacetophenone, pure S S M S M M U U U M S S – room temperature. It is slightly more susceptible than polyethylene to strong oxidizing elastomer (TPE) is a type of which, due to structure, agents. It offersAcetaldehyde, the best pure stress-crack resistance of SMUUMUUUUMMUUthe polyolefins. Products made of molecular weight and chemistry, can be molded into autoclavable parts which are polypropylene are brittle at 0°C and may crack or break if dropped from benchtop rubber-like in application and . It is used for several small caps and plugs Acetic Acid Benzyl Ester, pure S S2 U M S U U U S S S2 M – height. on filtration products. Acetic Acid Phenylmethyl Ester, pure S S2 U M S U U U S S S2 M – Engineering Resins Acetic Anhydride, pure SMUUMUUUUMSUU These resins offer exceptional strength and durability in demanding lab applications. Acetone, pure S M U U MFor specific U uses, Uthey are superior U to U the polyolefins. M Typical S2 products U are centrifuge U ware, filterware and safety shields. Acetonitrile, pure S U U S M U U U U M S2 S U POLYPROPYLENE (PC) is window-clear, amazingly strong and rigid. It is autoclavable, Acetophenone, pure SMUMMUUUUMnontoxic and the toughest of all . PC is a specialS type MUof in Polypropylene copolymer (PPCO) replaces polyallomer (PA) and is an essentially which dihydric phenols are joined through carbonate linkages. These linkages are linear copolymerAcrylonitrile, with repeated pure sequences of and propylene. U UIt combines S U U U U U U S2 S U subject to chemical reaction with bases and concentrated acids and hydrolytic attack some of the advantages of both . PPCO is autoclavable and offers much of Adipic Acid, pure S S S S Sat elevated S temperatures S (e.g., – during S2 autoclaving). S This makes S PC soluable S in –various the high-temperature performance of polypropylene. It also provides some of the low- organic solvents. For many applications, the transparency and unusual strength of PC temperatureAlanine, strength pure and flexibility of polyethylene.S S S S S S S S2 S S S S S offset these limitations. Its strength and dimensional stability make it ideal for high- Allyl Alcohol, pure S S M U Sspeed centrifuge M ware. U Spectrophotometric – S analysis S shows S2 that the Upolycarbonate – used in safety products is essentially opaque to ultraviolet light from 200 Aluminum Chloride, pure S S S2 S Sto 380 nanometers S S (nm): 0% U transmittance S from S 200-300 Snm, 0.2% Stransmittance S up Aluminum Hydrate, pure S S U S Sto 380 nm. M This covers M the S2wavelengths S emitted S for germicidal S applications S such S as laminar flow hoods (254 nm) and for fluorescence detection of dyes in electrophoresis Aluminum Hydroxide, pure S S U S Sor chromatography M M developing S2 (350-360 S nm). S S S S Key: POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMER S = Satisfactory PolymethylpenteneS1 = Satisfactory, (PMP may or TPXcause+) discolorationis similar to polypropylene, but it has an isobutyl groupS2 = Satisfactoryinstead of a below methyl 26°C group only attached to each group of the chain. Its chemical resistance is close to that of PP. It is more easily softened by unsaturatedM = and Marginal; aromatic may hydrocarbons, be satisfactory and for chlorinateduse in a centrifuge solvents. depending PMP is slightlyon length of exposure and speed. Testing under operation conditions is suggested before actual run. more susceptibleU = Unsatisfactory; than PP to not attack recommended by oxidizing agents. Its excellent transparency, POLYCARBONATE rigidity and resistance to chemicals and high temperatures make PMP a superior NALGENE® Brand Products • 1-800-625-4327 • www.NALGENElabware.com 217 www.thermoscientifi c.com 286 www.thermoscientific.com 216-231_Labware2007 4/16/07 12:06 PM Page 218

Reference, Tech Centrifuge Chemical Resistance Table (PSF) Like polycarbonate, PSF is transparent, strong, non-toxic and Teflon FEP* is translucent, flexible and feels heavy because of its high density. It extremely tough. PSF is less subject to hydrolytic attack during autoclaving than PC resists all known chemicals except molten alkali metals, elemental fluorine and and has a natural straw-colored cast. PSF is resistant to acids, bases, aqueous fluorine precursorsCentrifugeware at elevated temperatures. It should not be used with concentrated solutions, aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols. PSF is composed of phenyleneTubes units perchloric acid. FEP withstandsO-rings temperatures from -270°CClosures to +205°C and may be linked by three different chemical groups – isopropylidene, ether and sulfone. Each of sterilized repeatedly by all known chemical and thermal methods. It can even be the three linkages imparts specific properties to the polymer, such as chemical boiled in nitric acid. Tefzel® resistance,Chemical, temperature Concentration resistance and impact strength. FEP PPCO PC PE PP PSF PS SILI Viton® PP ETFE PE PPE 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethanone, pure S S M S M M U U U M S S – 1,3-Butadiene, pure SUUUUUUUSUSUU 1,4-Dioxane, pure SMUMMUUUUMMMU 1:3 Mixture Of Nitric And SUUUUUUUMUS2UU Hydrochloric Acids, pure TEFLON FEP 1-Pentanol, pure S M M M M S2 U S M S M M Tefzel ETFE* is translucent white and slightly flexible. It is a close analog of Teflon* Polyethylene1-Phenylethanone, Terephthalate pure G Copolyester (PETG)SMUMMUUUUMSMUis similar to many other fluorocarbons, an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. ETFE shares the engineering1-Undecanol, resins. However, pure its glass-like clarity, toughnessSS2 and excellent M gas-barrier S Mremarkable M chemical M and temperature – S resistance M of Teflon S2 TFE* and SFEP* and –has properties make it an outstanding choice for storing biologicals. Tests have shown even greater mechanical strength and impact resistance. 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, pure S U U U U M U U – U S2 U – PETG to be biologically equivalent to, or better than, Type 1 borosilicate glass bottles Halar ECTFE** is an alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. for cell culture2,2'-Oxybispropane, applications. In testspure using a wide varietyS of cell U lines, PETG U was U UThis fluoropolymer U U withstands U continuous U exposure U to extreme S2 temperatures U and – determined to be non-cytotoxic, and media stored in PETG bottles demonstrated maintains excellent mechanical properties across this entire range (from cryogenic 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, pure S M U U M U U U S M M U S2 proliferative and morphological characteristics comparable to control media. In fact, temperatures to 180°C). It has excellent electrical properties and chemical resistance the PETG 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-bottles allowed growth of good monolayersSMUMMUUUUMS2MU directly on the surface of the and has no known solvent at 121°C. It is also non-burning and radiation-resistant. Its . PETG can be sterilized with radiation or compatible chemicals but cannot be ease of processing makes it suitable for a wide range of products. autoclaved.Propanetricarboxylic Its chemical resistance Acid Tributylis fair. Ester, pure Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF, best known as Kynar***) is a fluoropolymer with alternating CH2 and CF2 groups. PVDF is an opaque white resin. Extremely pure, it is 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, pure S S2 M S Msuperior Mfor non-contaminating U U applications. M Mechanical M strength U and S abrasion – 2-Isopropoxypropane, pure S U U U Uresistance U are high, U similar to U ECTFE. UIt resists UV U radiation. S2 The maximum U service – temperature for rotationally-molded PVDF tanks is 100°C. Up to this temperature, 2-Methoxyethanol, pure S S U S MPVDF has U excellent U chemical U resistance U to weak M bases and S2 salts, strong S acids, – liquid 2-Methoxyethyl Oleate, pure S S2 U S Mhalogens, U strong oxidizing U agents U and – aromatic, M halogenated S and aliphatic S solvents. – However, organic bases and short-chain ketones, esters and oxygenated solvents will POLYETHYLENE2-Propanol, pure TEREPHTHALATES G COPOLYESTER S U S Sseverely Mattack PVDF S2 at room S2 temperature. S Fuming S nitric acid S and concentrated S S2 sulfuric acid will cause softening. At temperatures approaching the service limit, 2-Propanone, pure SMUUMUUUUMMUUstrong caustic solutions will cause partial dissolution. Autoclavable if tanks are empty Polyphenylene Oxides (PPO) A patented process for oxidative coupling of phenolic 2-Propenenitrile, pure S U U S Uand externally U supported. U U U U S2 S U is used to formulate Noryl1 phenylene oxide-based thermoplastic resins. This family3-Phenyl-2-propenal, of engineering materials pure is characterizedS by outstanding U dimensional M U U M U U U U S2 U – stability at elevated temperatures, broad temperature-use range, outstanding hydrolytic stability4'-Chloroacetophenone, and excellent pure properties S over a wide S range M of frequencies S M M U U U M S S – and temperatures.Acetaldehyde, Among pure their design advantagesSMUUMUUUUMMUU are: (1) excellent mechanical properties over temperatures from below -40°C (-40°F) to above 148°C (300°F); (2) self-extinguishing,Acetic Acid Benzylnon-dripping Ester, pure characteristics; S(3) excellent S2 dimensional U stability M S U U U S S S2 M – and low waterAcetic absorption; Acid Phenylmethyl (4) resistance Ester, topure aqueous S chemical S2 environments, U and M S U U U S S S2 M – (5) excellent impact strength. POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE Acetic Anhydride, pure SMUUMUUUUMSUU

Acetone, pure S M U U MTeflon PFA U* is translucent U and U slightly U flexible. MIt has the S2widest temperature U range U of Acetonitrile, pure S U U S Mthe fluoropolymers U U – from -270°C U to +250°C U – Mwith superior S2 chemical S resistance U across the entire range. Compared to TFE at 277°C, it has better strength, stiffness Acetophenone, pure SMUMMUUUUMand creep resistance. PFA also has a low coefficient of frictionS and outstanding MU antistick properties and is flame-resistant. Acrylonitrile, pure S U U S U U U U U U S2 S U Adipic Acid, pure S S S S S S S – S2 S S S – Alanine, pure POLYPHENYLENE OXIDES S S S S S S S2 S S S S S Allyl Alcohol, pure S S M U S M U – S S S2 U – FluorocarbonsAluminum Chloride, pure S S S2 S S S S U S S S S S Typical fluorocarbonsAluminum Hydrate, are Teflon pure tetrafluoroethylene S(TFE)* and S Teflon fluorinated U S S M M S2 S S S S S ethylene propylene (FEP)*. Both have remarkable chemical resistance. TEFLON PFA Teflon TFEAluminum* is opaque Hydroxide, white and pure has the lowest coefficientS Sof friction Uof any . S It S M M S2 S S S S S makes superiorKey: stopcock and separatory funnel plugs. +Registered trademark of Mitsui & Co., Ltd. 1Registered trademark of General Electric S = Satisfactory *or equivalent. Teflon and Tefzel are registered trademarks of DuPont. S1 = Satisfactory, may cause discoloration **or equivalent. Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis. S2 = Satisfactory below 26°C only ***Registered trademark of Elf Atochem M = Marginal; may be satisfactory for use in a centrifuge depending on length of exposure and speed. Testing under operation conditions is suggested before actual run. U = Unsatisfactory; not recommended

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