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BIOPLASTICS Facts and Figures

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BIOPLASTICS Facts and Figures BIOPLASTICS facts and figures 3 DEAR READER lastics are an integral part of our modern life. They the demand for bioplastic materials and products. On play an essential role in providing, protecting, and the other hand, big brands and manufacturers are look- Pdelivering high-quality products in pretty much every ing for innovative ways to reduce their environmental market segment to consumers around the world. Today, footprint and are tapping into the many benefits and ad- there is a bioplastic alternative for almost every conven- vanced technical properties bioplastics have to offer. tional plastic material and corresponding applications. European Bioplastics defines bioplastics as plastics that are bio-based, biodegradable, or both. Bioplastics – plastics that are bio-based, biodegradable, or The bioplastics industry is fast-growing and innovative, both – have the same or similar properties as convention- and it has the potential to decouple economic growth al plastics but offer additional benefits, such as a reduced from resource depletion and environmental impact. The carbon footprint, better functionalities, or additional waste European Commission has recognised the essential role management options, such as organic recycling. of bioplastics in the bioeconomy and their potential to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. European Bio-based plastics have the unique advantage over con- Bioplastics, the association representing the interests of ventional plastics to reduce the dependency on limited the bioplastics industry in Europe, is working closely with fossil resources and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. the European institutions and all other relevant stakehold- Currently, bioplastics represent around one per cent of the ers to shape the economic and policy landscape in Europe about 360 million tonnes of plastic produced annually. But in which the bioplastics industry can thrive. as demand is rising and with more sophisticated mate- rials, applications, and products emerging, the market is This brochure will give you an overview of the bioplastics growing dynamically. industry, the market development, and the work of Euro- pean Bioplastics. On the one hand, the growing environmental aware- ness of consumers as well as the knowledge about the Yours sincerely finite nature of the planet’s fossil resources are spurring European Bioplastics 4 BIOPLASTICS – definition, materials and technology ioplastics are not just one single material. They com- • Bio-based and biodegradable plastics, such as polylac- Bprise of a whole family of materials with different prop- tic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polybutyl- erties and applications. According to European Bioplas- ene succinate (PBS), and starch blends; tics, a plastic material is defined as a bioplastic if it is either • Plastics that are based on fossil resources and biode- bio-based, biodegradable, or features both properties. gradable, such as polybutylene adipate terephthalate There are three groups of bioplastics, each with their own (PBAT), but that may well be produced at least partly characteristics: bio-based in the future. • Bio-based (or partly bio-based), non-biodegradable plastics, such as bio-based polyethylene (PE), polypro- Bioplastics offer a broad range of functionalities opti- pylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (so-called mised for each type of application. They can be processed drop-in solutions), bio-based technical performance into a vast array of products using conventional plastics polymers, such as numerous polyamides (PA) or poly- processing technologies. In most cases, the process pa- trimethylene terephthalate (PTT); rameters of the processing equipment simply have to be adjusted to the individual specification of each polymer. Global production capacities of bioplastics 2019 (by material type) Global production capacities of bioplastics 2019 Global production capacities of bioplastics 2019 (by material type) (bOthery material1.1% type) 13.4% PBAT (bio-based/Global production capacities of bioplastics 2019 non-biodegradable) 4.3% Other 1.1% 13.4% PBAT (by material type) PBS(bio-based/ Other 1.1% 13.4% PBATnon-biodegradable) 4.3% PBS PE 11.8% 13.9% PLA (bio-based/ PE 11.8% non-biodegradable) 4.3% PBS 13.9% PLA PET Other9.8% 1.1% 13.41.2%%PBATPHA (bio-based/ PET 9.8% 1.2% PHA PAPE non-biodegradable)11.611.8%% Total: 4.3%13.9PBS% PLA Total: 2.11 million 21.3% StarchPA blends11.6% 21.3% Starch blends PET PE 9.8% 11.8% 13.9% PLA 2.11 million bio-based biodegradable PP 0.9% tonnes 1.2% PHAPP 0.9% tonnes PET 9.8% 1.4% Other 1.4% Other PA 11.6% Total: 1.2% PHA (biodegradable) PEF* 0.0% Total: 21.3% (biodegradable)StarchPEF* blends0.0% PA 11.6% 2.11 million 21.3% PP 0.9% 2tonnes.11 million StarchPTT blends 9.2% PTT PP 9.2% 0.9% tonnes 1.4% Other 1.4% Other(biodegradable) PEF* PEF*0.0% 0.0% (biodegradable) PTT PTT 9.2% 9.2% Bio-based/non-biodegradable Biodegradable 44.5% 55.5% Bio-based/non-biodegradable Biodegradable 44.5% *PEF is currently in development55.5% and predicted to be available in commercial scale in 2023. According to European Bioplastics’ definition, Global production capacity 2019 by material Biodegradable Bio-based/non-biodegradable Source:Biodegradable European Bioplastics, nova-Institute (2019) *PEF is currently in development and predicted to be available in commercial scale in 2023. 55.5% bioplastics are bio-based, biodegradable, or both. Bio-based/non-biodegradable44.5% More information:Biodegradable55.5% www.european-bioplastics.org/market and www.bio-based.eu/markets Source:44.5% European Bioplastics, nova-Institute (2019). 55.5% Source: European*PEF is currently Bioplastics, in development nova-Institute and predicted to (2019)be available in commercial scale in 2023. More information: www.european-bioplastics.org/market and www.bio-based.eu/markets *PEF is currentlySource: in development European Bioplastics, and predicted nova-Institute to be available (2019) in commercial scale in 2023. More information: www.european-bioplastics.org/market and www.bio-based.eu/markets Source: European Bioplastics, nova-Institute (2019) More information: www.european-bioplastics.org/market and www.bio-based.eu/markets 5 BIOPLASTICS – benefits and innovative properties Reduced carbon footprint Innovative materials for better performance Bio-based plastics have the unique advantage over con- Bio-based or partially bio-based durable drop-in plastics, ventional plastics to reduce the dependency on limited such as bio-based PE or PET, possess the same physical fossil resources and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions properties as their conventional counterparts, and while by replacing the fossil content in plastics with plant-based they can be mechanically recycled in existing recycling content. Some life cycle analyses show that bio-based streams, they have the additional benefit of reducing a plastics feature a significant CO saving compared to con- product’s carbon footprint. 2 ventional plastics, depending on the feedstock, the prod- The bioplastics industry has come up with numerous in- uct and the application. Consequently, bio-based plastics novative technical and material solutions. Many bio-based can help the EU to meet its 2020 targets of greenhouse plastics offer new material properties for an improved per- gas emissions reduction. formance, including enhanced breathability, increased ma- terial strength, reduced thickness, and improved optical Increased resource efficiency properties. New, innovative materials such as PLA, PHA, Bioplastics can make a considerable contribution to in- or bio-based PBS offer additional end-of-life solutions creased resource efficiency through a closed resource by being compostable. Other new materials such as 100% cycle and use cascades, especially if bio-based materials bio-based polyethylene furanoate (PEF) feature better bar- and products are being either reused or recycled and even- rier properties than established polymers and can easily tually used for energy recovery (i.e. renewable energy). be mechanically recycled. 6 MARKET – dynamic growth and development he bioplastics industry is a young, innovative sector with production capacities of bioplastics are predicted to grow Tan enormous economic and ecological potential for a from around 2.11 million tonnes in 2019 to approximately low-carbon, circular bioeconomy that uses resources more 2.42 million tonnes by 2024. efficiently. The EU has started to acknowledge the many benefits and is now allocating funds and resources to Innovative biopolymers such as PP (polypropylene) and research and development in this sector. PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates) are driving this growth. PHAs entered the market at a larger commercial scale, The global market for bioplastics is predicted to grow which continues to increase. Production capacities are set continuously over the next years. According to the to more than triple in the next five years. These polyesters latest market data compiled by European Bioplastics are bio-based and biodegradable. Production capacities of in collaboration with the nova-Institute, the global PP are set to almost sextuple by 2024. Global production capacities of bioplastics Biodegradable bioplastics 2019 vs. 2024 Bio-based & durable bioplastics 2018 vs. 2023 3,000 2,339 2,410 2,426 2,500 1,500 PBAT 2,152 2,172 1,334 1,092 2,114 PBS 2,011 1,174 941 2,000 1,092 1,200 PLA 1,082 PHA 938 1,053 951 Starch blends 1,500 941 900 Others 934 in 1,000 tonnes PE PET 1,000 600 in 1,000 tonnes PA PP 1,077 1,174 1,201
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