Le Mariage Dans La Société Tsimihety
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Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, -
MAHAJANGA BV Reçus: 246 Sur 246
RESULTATS SENATORIALES DU 29/12/2015 FARITANY: 4 MAHAJANGA BV reçus: 246 sur 246 INDEPE TIM MANAR AREMA MAPAR HVM NDANT ANARA : FANILO N°BV Emplacement AP AT Inscrits Votants B N S E ASSOCI REGION 41 BETSIBOKA BV reçus 39 sur 39 DISTRICT: 4101 KANDREHO BV reçus7 sur 7 01 AMBALIHA 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 5 02 ANDASIBE 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 4 03 ANTANIMBARIBE 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 2 0 0 1 3 04 BEHAZOMATY 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 3 0 0 0 3 05 BETAIMBOAY 0 0 6 5 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 4 06 KANDREHO 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 3 0 0 0 3 07 MAHATSINJO SUD 0 0 6 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 TOTAL DISTRICT 0 0 42 40 0 40 0 11 0 1 1 27 DISTRICT: 4102 MAEVATANANA BV reçus19 sur 19 01 AMBALAJIA 0 0 6 5 0 5 0 2 0 0 2 1 02 AMBALANJANAKOMBY 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 2 0 0 1 3 03 ANDRIBA 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 2 0 0 2 4 04 ANTANIMBARY 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 7 05 ANTSIAFABOSITRA 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 3 0 0 0 5 06 BEANANA 0 0 6 5 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 4 07 BEMOKOTRA 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 3 0 0 1 2 08 BERATSIMANINA 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 09 BERIVOTRA 5/5 0 0 6 5 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 4 10 MADIROMIRAFY 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 1 0 0 1 4 11 MAEVATANANA I 0 0 10 9 0 9 0 3 0 0 2 4 12 MAEVATANANA II 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 2 0 0 0 6 13 MAHATSINJO 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 14 MAHAZOMA 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 2 0 0 2 4 15 MANGABE 0 0 8 7 0 7 0 1 0 0 1 5 16 MARIA 0 0 6 5 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 3 17 MAROKORO 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 4 18 MORAFENO 0 0 6 3 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 19 TSARARANO 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 3 0 0 2 3 TOTAL DISTRICT 0 0 134 125 0 125 0 33 0 0 15 77 DISTRICT: 4103 TSARATANANA BV reçus13 sur 13 01 AMBAKIRENY 0 0 8 8 0 8 0 4 0 0 0 4 02 AMPANDRANA 0 0 6 6 0 6 0 3 0 0 0 3 03 ANDRIAMENA 0 0 8 7 0 7 0 4 0 0 0 3 04 -
(Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) GAST
NOMBRE DISTRICT COMMUNE ENTITE NOM ET PRENOM(S) CANDIDATS CANDIDATS ANALALAVA AMBALIHA 1 MATITA (Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) GASTON RAZAFINARIVO MICHEL (Indépendant Razafinarivo ANALALAVA AMBALIHA 1 RASANDILINE Feline Michel) ANALALAVA AMBARIJEBY SUD 1 MATITA (Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) FERDINAND GROUPEMENT DE P.P IRD (Isika Rehetra Miaraka @ ANALALAVA AMBARIJEBY SUD 1 ANDRIAMAHERY Housnah Bechara Ayate Andry Rajoelina) ANALALAVA AMBARIJEBY SUD 1 VINCENT (Inedependant Vincent) VINCENT ANALALAVA AMBOLOBOZO 1 MATITA (Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) ANICET ANALALAVA AMBOLOBOZO 1 IRD (Isika Rehetra Miaraka @ Andry Rajoelina) TOMBOMISY Jean Rasidy ANALALAVA ANALALAVA 1 MATITA (Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) AMADA GROUPEMENT DE P.P IRD (Isika Rehetra Miaraka @ ANALALAVA ANALALAVA 1 JEAN Baptiste Andry Rajoelina) FANJAVA VELOGNO (Independant Fanjava ANALALAVA ANALALAVA 1 VELOMANANA Firmin Velogno) ANALALAVA ANDRIBAVONTSINA 1 IRD (Isika Rehetra Miaraka @ Andry Rajoelina) JAOHEVITRY Richard ANALALAVA ANDRIBAVONTSINA 1 MATITA (Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) TAVANDRAINA Parfait ANALALAVA ANDRIBAVONTSINA 1 ROZELA (Indépendant Rozela) ROZELA ANALALAVA ANGOAKA SUD 1 IRD (Isika Rehetra Miaraka @ Andry Rajoelina) TSARAFARA Jean Denis ANALALAVA ANGOAKA SUD 1 MATITA (Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana) SERGE Rochin RANDRIANJAFIMANANA GHISLAIN (Independant ANALALAVA ANKARAMY 1 RASENDRAHASINA Jeannot Randrianjafimanana Ghislain) VONINOSY SUZANE (Independant Voninosy ANALALAVA ANKARAMY 1 MISIZARA Béatrice Suzanne) ANALALAVA ANKARAMY 1 IRD (Isika Rehetra Miaraka @ Andry Rajoelina) -
Rep 2 out Public 2010 S Tlet Sur of Ma Urvey Rvey Adagas Repor Scar Rt
Evidence for Malaria Medicines Policy Outlet Survey Republic of Madagascar 2010 Survey Report MINSTERE DE LA SANTE PUBLIQUE www. ACTwatch.info Copyright © 2010 Population Services International (PSI). All rights reserved. Acknowledgements ACTwatch is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This study was implemented by Population Services International (PSI). ACTwatch’s Advisory Committee: Mr. Suprotik Basu Advisor to the UN Secretary General's Special Envoy for Malaria Mr. Rik Bosman Supply Chain Expert, Former Senior Vice President, Unilever Ms. Renia Coghlan Global Access Associate Director, Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Dr. Thom Eisele Assistant Professor, Tulane University Mr. Louis Da Gama Malaria Advocacy & Communications Director, Global Health Advocates Dr. Paul Lavani Executive Director, RaPID Pharmacovigilance Program Dr. Ramanan Senior Fellow, Resources for the Future Dr. Matthew Lynch Project Director, VOICES, Johns Hopkins University Centre for Dr. Bernard Nahlen Deputy Coordinator, President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) Dr. Jayesh M. Pandit Head, Pharmacovigilance Department, Pharmacy and Poisons Board‐Kenya Dr. Melanie Renshaw Advisor to the UN Secretary General's Special Envoy for Malaria Mr. Oliver Sabot Vice‐President, Vaccines Clinton Foundation Ms. Rima Shretta Senior Program Associate, Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems Dr. Rick Steketee Science Director, Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership in Africa Dr. Warren Stevens Health Economist Dr. Gladys Tetteh CDC Resident Advisor, President’s Malaria -
Boissiera 71
Taxonomic treatment of Abrahamia Randrian. & Lowry, a new genus of Anacardiaceae BOISSIERA from Madagascar Armand RANDRIANASOLO, Porter P. LOWRY II & George E. SCHATZ 71 BOISSIERA vol.71 Director Pierre-André Loizeau Editor-in-chief Martin W. Callmander Guest editor of Patrick Perret this volume Graphic Design Matthieu Berthod Author instructions for www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/publications_boissiera.php manuscript submissions Boissiera 71 was published on 27 December 2017 © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE LA VILLE DE GENÈVE BOISSIERA Systematic Botany Monographs vol.71 Boissiera is indexed in: BIOSIS ® ISSN 0373-2975 / ISBN 978-2-8277-0087-5 Taxonomic treatment of Abrahamia Randrian. & Lowry, a new genus of Anacardiaceae from Madagascar Armand Randrianasolo Porter P. Lowry II George E. Schatz Addresses of the authors AR William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, U.S.A. [email protected] PPL Africa and Madagascar Program, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, U.S.A. Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Centre national de la Recherche scientifique/Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle/École pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, C.P. 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France. GES Africa and Madagascar Program, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, U.S.A. Taxonomic treatment of Abrahamia (Anacardiaceae) 7 Abstract he Malagasy endemic genus Abrahamia Randrian. & Lowry (Anacardiaceae) is T described and a taxonomic revision is presented in which 34 species are recog- nized, including 19 that are described as new. -
RAKOTONDRAFARA Rivièrdo Noelie ECTOPARASITES INFESTANTS
RAKOTONDRAFARA Rivièrdo Noelie ECTOPARASITES INFESTANTS DES BOVINS DANS LE DISTRICT DE MANDRITSARA EN 2014 Thèse pour l’obtention du Diplôme d’Etat de Docteur en Médecine Vétérinaire UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DE MEDECINE DEPARTEMENT VETERINAIRE Année : 2016 N° : 191 ECTOPARASITES INFESTANTS DES BOVINS DANS LE DISTRICT DE MANDRITSARA EN 2014 THESE Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 28 Novembre 2016 à Antananarivo Par Mademoiselle RAKOTONDRAFARA Rivièrdo Noelie Née le 31 Août 1990 à Mandritsara Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR EN MEDECINE VETERINAIRE (Diplôme d’Etat) Directeur de Thèse : Professeur RALISON FARASOLO Paule-Aimée MEMBRES DU JURY Président : Professeur RALISONFARASOLO Paule-Aimée Juges : Professeur RASAMBAINARIVO Jhon Henri Professeur RAFATRO Herintsoa Rapporteur : Docteur RALINIAIANA Modestine DEDICACES ET REMERCIEMENTS DEDICACES Je dédie cette thèse : A DIEU TOUT PUISSANT Tu as été toujours avec moi. Je te remercie de m’avoir donné la volonté, la santé et la patience durant toutes ces années d’études. A LA MEMOIRE DE MON PERE RAKOTOZAFYJules Tu nous asquittésdepuis notre enfance. Même si tu n’es pas avec nous aujourd’hui, je sais que tu es fier de nous. A MA MERE Noëline RAZAFINDRAFARA Je te remercie pour ton amour, tonsi précieux soutien et particulièrement la confiance que tu m’as accordée.Je vous souhaite une longue vie maman chérie. A MES SŒURS JULIE ET JULIA Mes sœurs adorées, soyez remerciées ici pour votre amour, votre aide et votre présence permanente auprès de moi maintenant et pour toujours.Je vous aime petites sœurs même si je ne vous l’avez pas dit assez. Je vous remercie aussi pour votre soutien et vos encouragements à vous sacrifier pour que je puisse poursuivre mes études. -
Universite D'antananarivo
UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ***************** FACULTE DES LETTRES ET DES SCIENCES HUMAINES ***************** DEPARTEMENT DE GEOGRAPHIE ****************** MEMOIRE DE MAITRISE EN GEOGRAPHIE CONTRIBUTION GEOGRAPHIQUE A L’ETUDE REGIONALE DU DISTRICT DE BEFANDRIANA -NORD (Région SOFIA) Présenté par BENERSOA Elysé Sous la direction de Madame RATOVOSON Céline, Maître de conférences Avril 2006 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ***************** FACULTE DES LETTRES ET DES SCIENCES HUMAINES ***************** DEPARTEMENT DE GEOGRAPHIE ****************** MEMOIRE DE MAITRISE EN GEOGRAPHIE CONTRIBUTION GEOGRAPHIQUE A L’ETUDE REGIONALE DU DISTRICT DE BEFANDRIANA-NORD Présenté par BENERSOA Elysé Sous la direction de Madame RATOVOSON Céline, Maître de conférences Avril 2006 DEDICACES Le présent mémoire est dédié à Tous les natifs de Befandriana-Nord et surtout pour les générations qui pensent encore continuer leurs formations universitaires ; « Toute la tendresse que j’ai pour vous » Mes frères et mes sœurs aînés ainsi que mes parents qui sont tous loin de moi, mais ne m’ont oublié jamais ; Avec toute mon affection, tous ceux qui me connaissent de près et de loin. i REMERCIEMENTS Le présent écrit de recherche a pu être réalisé grâce à la contribution d’un grand nombre de personnes. J’exprime particulièrement ma vive connaissance et mes sincères remerciements à mon encadreur, Madame RATOVOSON Céline, Maître de conférences, qui a eu la bonne volonté de me diriger dans la réalisation de ce travail. Je tiens aussi à remercier la Direction Générale du Département de Géographie et tous les enseignants de m’avoir prodigué des conseils, d’avoir mis ma disposition tous les outils et connaissances pour mener à bien la réalisation de cet écrit de recherche. Mes remerciements vont également à tous ceux qui ont contribué à la réalisation de ce travail : - à tous les responsables administratifs qui ont bien voulu m’aider et me donner satisfaction pendant la collecte des données et qui ont facilité mon accès dans leurs circonscriptions. -
Cryptic Diversification of Two Widespread Species in Madagascar
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 2018 Cryptic Diversification of woT Widespread Species in Madagascar Lynika Sharlice Strozier Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Strozier, Lynika Sharlice, "Cryptic Diversification of woT Widespread Species in Madagascar" (2018). Master's Theses. 3708. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3708 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2017 Lynika Sharlice Strozier LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO CRYPTC DIVERSIFICATION OF TWO WIDESPREAD SPECIES IN MADAGASCAR A DISSERTATION SUBMITTTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGY BY LYNIKA S. STROZIER CHICAGO, IL MAY 2018 Copyright by Lynika Strozier, 2018 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all those who made this thesis possible. First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Reddy for her continued support throughout my studies. Without her support throughout this process I do not believe I would have made it this far and this defense would not have been possible. A very special thanks to Sarah Kurtis who assisted with the laboratory experiments and thesis edits. She was very supportive and encouraging throughout my studies. -
Contribution a L'etude De La Construction Du Nouveau
UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE SUPERIEURE POLYTECHNIQUE D’ANTANANARIVO DEPARTEMENT BATIMENT ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS ________________________________________________________________ Mémoire de fin d’études en vue de l’obtention du diplôme D’INGÉNIEUR EN BATIMENT ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS CONTRIBUTION A L’ETUDE DE LA CONSTRUCTION DU NOUVEAU PONT TRAVERSANT LA RIVIERE ANJINGO AU PK 20+000 DE LA RN31 Présenté par : Monsieur RAZANAKOLONA Andriamahefarivony Herizo Sous la direction de : Monsieur RANDRIANTSIMBAZAFY Andrianirina Soutenu le : 09 Janvier 2009 Promotion 2008 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE SUPERIEURE POLYTECHNIQUE D’ANTANANARIVO DEPARTEMENT BATIMENT ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS ________________________________________________________________ Mémoire de fin d’études en vue de l’obtention du diplôme D’INGÉNIEUR EN BATIMENT ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS CONTRIBUTION A L’ETUDE DE LA CONSTRUCTION DU NOUVEAU PONT TRAVERSANT LA RIVIERE ANJINGO AU PK 20+000 DE LA RN31 Membres du Jury : Président : Monsieur Martin RABENATOANDRO Directeur de mémoire : Monsieur Andrianirina RANDRIANTSIMBAZAFY Examinateurs : Monsieur Alison Nantenaina RASAMOELINA Monsieur Moïse RALAIARISON Monsieur Solofo RAJOELINANTENAINA Promotion 2008 SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ET DES NOTATIONS LISTE DES TABLEAUX LISTE DES FIGURES INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE Partie 1 : GENERALITES Chapitre 1 : ENVIRONNEMENT DU PROJET Chapitre 2 : JUSTIFICATION DU PROJET Partie 2 : ETUDES PRELIMINAIRES Chapitre 1 : ETUDE HYDRAULIQUE ET HYDROLOGIQUE Chapitre 2 : ETUDE GEOTECHNIQUE Chapitre 3 : ETUDE DES VARIANTES -
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115(3):546-563
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 115(3):546-563. 2002. Paretroplus dambabe, a new cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from northwestern Madagascar, with a discussion on the status of P. petiti John S. Sparks Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. —Paretroplus dambabe, n. sp., is described from Lake Kinkony, northwestern Madagascar. The new species is distinguished from congeners in Hfe and preservation by light yellowish-oUve body coloration in combination with a series of 6-7 vertical charcoal bars on the flanks, a blunt head profile, body depth not exceeding 57.1%SL, and uniform dark charcoal-gray or black fins. Paretroplus dambabe is further distinguished from P. petiti, a species to which it has been mistakenly referred for decades, by overall pigmentation pattern (light yellow-olive vs. dark brown), the presence of bright red pigmen- tation on the flanks in life, a prominent vertical barring pattern, and a shallower body. Paretroplus Bleeker, 1868, the most spe- pelvic axillary scale, and well-developed ciose cichlid genus in Madagascar, com- ridges of scales ("scale sheathing" of Cich- prises nine described species, excluding the ocki, 1976) extending over, but not fused new taxon (Table 1). Paretroplus is endem- to, both the dorsal- and anal-fin bases. A ic to Madagascar, and members are distrib- number of additional features diagnostic of uted throughout the northwestern part of the both Etroplinae and Paretroplus, as well as island (8 species) and in eastern drainages a species-level phylogenetic analysis, are (1 species), where the range of P. -
Half Yearly Progress Report MG4 July 2016
PROTECTING DUGONGS CONSERVING SEAGRASS CHANGE FOR COMMUNITIES The GEF Dugong and Seagrass Conservation Project Project Progress Report Reporting Period From: 01 January 2016 To: 30 June 2016 1. PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION National Project MG 4 Code &Title: Integrated approaches to enhance the conservation dugongs and seagrass ecosystems in Sahamalaza areas Project Partner(s): COSAP Sahamalaza Location (country, Country:MADAGASCAR region/ district and Region: SOFIA commune/ city/ District: Analalava village/ region etc.) Commune: Ambolobozo Of which areas under protection (please Sahamalaza marine and costal UNESCO Biosphere Reserve indicate the name 153,200 Ha of which 26,035 ha is Marine and Costal National Park and size of protected areas or locally managed marine areas, if applicable) Project start date 1/01/2015 Project intended completion date 31/098/2018 2. PROJECT PROGRESS 2.1. Narrative of project progress during the past semester by Project Activity1 1 Briefly describe progress made during the previous six months highlighting major outcomes/benchmarks achieved during the period. This report covers the progress made from January to June 2016. Output 1.1: governance structure The setting up of the governance structures allows the involvement of community members in the conservation and monitoring of dugongs and seagrass. A total of seven XXX workshops were planned respectively between 16 and 192 and 16 April 2016, 28 28 Mayand XXX April 2016 for Formatted: Not Highlight establishing these structures and “Dina” or local convention for natural resources and dugong conservation at Nosy Valiha, Lanamena, Ambararata-Antranonkira, Analamazava-Kobanivato, and Ankatafa, Marovato and Andaveno III. : The governance structures of these villagesAnkatafa and Lanamena regroup fishermen from two and and six small villages. -
Surveys, Distribution and Current Status of the Madagascar Harrier Circus Macrosceles in Madagascar
Bird Conservation International (2009) 19:309–322. ª BirdLife International, 2009 doi:10.1017/S095927090900817X Surveys, distribution and current status of the Madagascar Harrier Circus macrosceles in Madagascar LILY-ARISON RENE DE ROLAND, RUSSELL THORSTROM, GILBERT RAZAFIMANJATO, MARIUS P.H. RAKOTONDRATSIMA, TOLOJANAHARY R.A. ANDRIAMALALA and THE SEING SAM Abstract We conducted a 16-month country-wide survey to determine the status of the threatened Madagascar (Marsh) Harrier Circus macrosceles from 2005 to 2006. We searched for harriers in varying habitat types, focusing on marshes, grasslands and savannas, secondary forests and the edge of primary forests. We surveyed 68% of the districts of Madagascar which contain 71%of the potential harrier habitat throughout the country. We recorded 80 individuals of this sexually dimorphic raptor; 48 males and 32 females of which 71 were observed during the breeding season (June to December) and nine outside the breeding season (January to May). The Madagascar Harrier has a broad distribution of about 1,000 km north to south (Madagascar is about 1,500 km in length) and east to west, but at extremely low density. Fifty-three (69%) harriers were observed in high elevation marshes and grasslands above 1,100 m in the provinces of Mahajanga and Antananarivo during the breeding season. Three major threats to harriers, all human caused, were identified: the transformation of marshes to rice fields (all nests in lower elevation natural marshes), uncontrolled fires destroying nests (n 5 7 nests lost in 2005 to fires), and human persecution by taking young from nests for a food source and killing adults due to their predatory nature.