DOCSLIB.ORG

Predation on a Weasel Skink (Saproscincus Mustelinus) (Squamata

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Predation on a Weasel Skink (Saproscincus Mustelinus) (Squamata See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317901650 Predation on a Weasel Skink (Saproscincus mustelinus) (Squamata: Scincidae: Lygosominae) by a Redback Spider (Latrodectus hasselti) (Araneae: Araneomorpha: Theridiidae), with a rev... Article in Herpetofauna · June 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 146 2 authors, including: Mark O'Shea University of Wolverhampton 102 PUBLICATIONS 537 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: PNG Snakebite Research Project View project Taxonomy, natural history and ecology of Southeast Asian amphibians and reptiles View project All content following this page was uploaded by Mark O'Shea on 26 June 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 44-1.qxp_HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 35-1 23/5/17 4:38 PM Page 49 PREDATION ON A WEASEL SKINK (SAPROSCINCUS MUSTELINUS) (SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE: LYGOSOMINAE) BY A REDBACK SPIDER (LATRODECTUS HASSELTI) (ARANEAE: ARANEOMORPHA: THERIDIIDAE), WITH A REVIEW OF OTHER LATRODECTUS PREDATION EVENTS INVOLVING SQUAMATES Mark O’Shea1,3 and Kathryn Kelly2 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom, and West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire, DY12 1LF, United Kingdom. 25 Moor Street, East Bentleigh, Victoria 3165, Australia. 3Email: [email protected] Small vertebrates occasionally fall victim to on the dorsal surface of the bulbous black large or venomous invertebrates, one of the abdomen and red hourglass on its ventral most frequently reported scenarios being that side, while males rarely exceed 3 mm (Brunet, of a small lizard predated by a venomous 1994). Adult female L. hasselti possess a arachnid (Bauer, 1990). The Redback Spider, highly neurotoxic venom containing the Latrodectus hasselti Thorell, 1870, is an presynaptic neurotoxin latrotoxin, which indigenous Australasian species belonging to specifically targets vertebrates,α- causing con- the cosmopolitan genus Latrodectus Walcke- siderable pain (Garb & Yaashi, 2013) and is naer, 1805, which also includes the black capable of causing human fatalities, widow spiders of Europe (L. tredecimguttatus although no human deaths have been report- (Rossi, 1790); L. lilianae Melic, 2000); the ed in Australia since the advent of antivenom widow spiders of North America (L. mactans in 1956 (Brunet, 1994). (Fabricius, 1775); L. hesperus Chamberlin & Latrodectus hasselti feeds primarily on small Ivie, 1935; L. bishopi Kaston, 1838; L. vario- invertebrates such as woodlice, flies, beetles, lus Walckenaer, 1837); the button spiders of moths and cockroaches, but there are reports Africa (L. cinctus Blackwall, 1865; L. indistinc- of it preying on larger venomous inverte- tus Cambridge, 1904; L. karooensis Smithers, brates, including centipedes (Roberts, 1941), 1944; L. rhodesiensis Mackay, 1872; L. geo- and wandering male trapdoor and funnel- metricus Koch, 1841), and the endangered web spiders (Brunet, 1998). Vertebrates are katipo spider (L. katipo Powell, 1871) of New also documented in the diet of female L. has- Zealand (World Spider Catalogue, 2016). selti, and while some fishing spiders Distributed throughout Australia, including (Dolomedes: Pisauridae) feed on fish, fish fry, Tasmania and many offshore islands, L. has- and frogs, and large orb-weaving spiders selti is also known from New Caledonia, and (Nephila: Nephilidae) occasionally trap birds, has been introduced into Japan, and New the vertebrate prey of Latrodectus is primarily Zealand (Vink et al., 2011), where it is feared reptilian (McCormick & Polis, 1982), although to pose a threat to L. katipo, through inbreed- there exists a single historical record of a ing and displacement. Latrodectus hasselti is mouse being captured by L. hasselti found in diverse habitats, from tropical forest (McKeown, 1943). to desert, where it inhabits dry, dark, and pro- We report predation on a Weasel Skink, tected places, e.g., rock crevices, dead wood, Saproscincus mustelinus (O’Shaughnessy, and shrubs. It is especially common in 1874), by a female Latrodectus hasselti in an anthropogenic environments. Female L. has- urban environment in the suburbs of Mel- selti may achieve 14 mm in body length and bourne, Victoria. possess a distinctive, eponymous red stripe Herpetofauna 44 (1 & 2) 2014 Page 49 HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 44-1.qxp_HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 35-1 23/5/17 4:38 PM Page 50 The scincid genus Saproscincus contains 2014). This small skink has many potential twelve species (Hoskin, 2013; Wilson & Swan, predators, including snakes (Webb et al., 2013; Cogger, 2014), distributed on the 2003), birds (Anderson & Burgin, 2008), eastern seaboard of Queensland, New South domestic cats (Dickman & Newsome, 2015), Wales and Victoria. They are oviparous, and predatory invertebrates (this paper). diurnal, terrestrial, and shade loving, being The predation event was observed at 1214 rarely encountered far from cover, hence the hrs on Saturday 21 November 2015 by one commonly applied vernacular name 'shade of us (KK). The spider had constructed its web skinks' (Cogger, 2014). The southern-most on the underside of a child's pram, which was species in the genus is S. mustelinus, to which normally stored folded in the garage at the the vernacular name Weasel Skink is usually family home in Carnegie, southeast Mel- applied. Saproscincus mustelinus is a small bourne, but had been transported by car to a species (SVL 45-55 mm) of the coast and play centre in Warrigal Road, Moorabbin. ranges of eastern New South Wales and Vic- Whilst the pram was at the play centre the toria, where it inhabits wet and dry sclerophyll spider was discovered in the act of biting and forest and coastal heathland, but it is also binding a S. mustelinus, although it was common in suburban gardens (Cogger, unclear whether the skink had been captured Figure 1. Redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti) predation on a Weasel skink (Saproscincus mustelinus). Page 50 Herpetofauna 44 (1 & 2) 2014 HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 44-1.qxp_HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 35-1 23/5/17 4:38 PM Page 51 at the play centre, or earlier in the garage could use prey in contact with the ground to and relocated with the spider and the pram. overrun the web and potentially kill the spider. The predation event was recorded on an Certainly observations suggest that once a iPhone 4 camera phone (Figure 1). dropped prey item has been scavenged by ants the spider has little chance of recovering It is notable from the image that the spider is it and will seek to avoid contact with the ants biting near the head, the usual target area (Orange, 2007). (de Rebeira, 1981; Orange, 1989, 2007), and also that the tail has been elevated and A literature search revealed further accounts bound to the body. It may be the case that of small Australian reptiles being predated by elevation of prey items from the ground is L. hasselti (Table 1). Even snakes occasionally intended to avoid the attentions of ants, which become victims (Anonymous, 1939; Table 1: Australian records of lizards and snakes predated by Latrodectus hasselti. Taxon Location Source GEKKONIDAE Christinus marmoratus Perth, WA Konig, 1987 (as Phyllodactylus marmoratus) Christinus marmoratus (n=2) Hamersley, WA Orange, 2007 Gehyra variegata Kambalda East, WA Orange, 2007 SCINCIDAE Anomalopus verreauxii n/a Raven 1990 Cryptoblepharus pulcher n/a Cook, 1973 (as C. boutonii virgatus) Cryptoblepharus pulcher n/a Raven 1990 (as C. virgatus) (n=2) Hemiergis quadrilineata (n=3) Hamersley, WA Orange, 2007 Lampropholis delicata SW Sydney, NSW Metcalfe & Ridgeway, 2013 Lampropholis guichenoti Kangaroo Valley, NSW Copland, 1953 (as Leiolepisma guichenoti) "Lygosoma sp." Narrabeen, NSW McKeown, 1953 Saproscincus mustelinus Moorabbin, Vic. this paper unidentified skinks (n=2) n/a Roberts, 1941 unidentified skinks (n=2) n/a McKeown, 1952 ELAPIDAE Parasuta dwyeri Lockhart, NSW Durigo, 2010 Parasuta monachus Kambalda East, WA Orange, 1990 (as Rhinoplocephalus monachus) Parasuta nigriceps Gooroc, Vic. Malpass, 2015 Pseudonaja affinis (unsuccessful) Helena Valley, WA De Rebeira, 1987 "black snake" Roma, Qld McKeown, 1943 Herpetofauna 44 (1 & 2) 2014 Page 51 HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 44-1.qxp_HERPETOFAUNA TEXT 35-1 23/5/17 4:38 PM Page 52 McKeown, 1943; de Rebeira, 1981; Orange, By far the largest proportion of reptiles found 1990), although given the public shock value in the webs of L. hasselti are small lizards, of these encounters they are now more likely and they are probably more vulnerable to to be found on newspaper websites (Durigo, predation than snakes because, in addition to 2010; Malpass, 2015) than in peer-reviewed being smaller and more abundant, they are publications, and are therefore lacking in sci- often found in the same discrete, confined entific data. Attacks by female L. hasselti on corners of outbuildings, workshops, or the snakes are not always successful. A juvenile natural environment as L. hasselti. Most of dugite (Pseudonaja affinis) survived almost these reports concern skinks (McKeown, 7.5 hours of repeated attacks in a web before 1936; Roberts, 1941; McKeown, 1943, being removed, kept under observation for 1952; Copland, 1953; Cook, 1973; Raven, three days, and subsequently released (de 1990; Orange, 2007; Metcalfe & Ridgeway, Rebeira, 1981). 2013), with fewer instances of geckos as prey Table 2: Records of lizards and snakes predated by Latrodectus spp. outside of Australia. Taxon Latrodectus sp. Location
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Level 1 Fauna Survey of the Gruyere Gold Project Borefields (Harewood 2016)
    GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LIMITED GRUYERE PROJECT EPA REFERRAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENT APPENDIX 5: LEVEL 1 FAUNA SURVEY OF THE GRUYERE GOLD PROJECT BOREFIELDS (HAREWOOD 2016) Gruyere EPA Ref Support Doc Final Rev 1.docx Fauna Assessment (Level 1) Gruyere Borefield Project Gold Road Resources Limited January 2016 Version 3 On behalf of: Gold Road Resources Limited C/- Botanica Consulting PO Box 2027 BOULDER WA 6432 T: 08 9093 0024 F: 08 9093 1381 Prepared by: Greg Harewood Zoologist PO Box 755 BUNBURY WA 6231 M: 0402 141 197 T/F: (08) 9725 0982 E: [email protected] GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 2. SCOPE OF WORKS ...............................................................................................1 3. RELEVANT LEGISTALATION ................................................................................2 4. METHODS...............................................................................................................3 4.1 POTENTIAL VETEBRATE FAUNA INVENTORY - DESKTOP SURVEY ............. 3 4.1.1 Database Searches.......................................................................................3 4.1.2 Previous Fauna Surveys in the Area ............................................................3 4.1.3 Existing Publications .....................................................................................5 4.1.4 Fauna
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Animal Keepers Species List
    Revised NSW Native Animal Keepers’ Species List Draft © 2017 State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. OEH shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. All content in this publication is owned by OEH and is protected by Crown Copyright, unless credited otherwise. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), subject to the exemptions contained in the licence. The legal code for the licence is available at Creative Commons. OEH asserts the right to be attributed as author of the original material in the following manner: © State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2017. Published by: Office of Environment and Heritage 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box A290,
    [Show full text]
  • Reptiles in and Around the House Identification and Distribution Reptiles Inhabit Every Environment in Australia
    Reptiles in and around the house Identification and Distribution Reptiles inhabit every environment in Australia. Common reptiles found in Western Australian backyards include: Tiger snakes Notechis scutatus occur in southwest WA, and are often seen near water, including rivers, dams, drains and wetlands. Unlike most other Australian elapids, tiger snakes climb well. They can range from grey, olive, brown to black in colour and often have yellow and black cross-bands, but not all have this pattern. Venomous Dugite. Photo: R. Lloyd/Fauna Track Dugites Pseudonaja affinis occur in southwest WA and Gwarda Pseudonaja nuchalis occur from Perth northwards. They live in a wide variety of habitats including coastal dunes, heathlands, shrublands, woodlands and forests. They are long and slender, with relatively large scales that have a semi-glossy appearance. They can range from brown, olive to grey in colour, and can have irregular black/dark grey spotting, but patterning varies. Venomous Mulga snakes Pseudechis australis occur in a wide variety of habitats, northwards from Perth and Narrogin. They are quite robust, with a broad, deep head and bulbous cheeks. They can range from pale brown, dark olive to reddish-brown in colour, and darker snakes often have two-toned scales with a lighter colour that contrasts with the darker colour to produce a reticulated effect. The belly is cream to salmon-coloured. Venomous There are two subspecies of carpet pythons found in a large variety of habitats in WA: Morelia spilota imbricata occurs in the southwest and Morelia spilota variegata occurs in the Kimberley. They are 1-4m in length, tend to be pale to dark brown with black blotches that sometimes have a Carpet python.
    [Show full text]
  • Venemous Snakes
    WASAH WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY of AMATEUR HERPETOLOGISTS (Inc) K E E P I N G A D V I C E S H E E T Venomous Snakes Southern Death Adder (Acanthophis Southern Death antarcticus) – Maximum length 100 cm. Adder Category 5. Desert Death Adder (Acanthophis pyrrhus) – Acanthophis antarcticus Maximum length 75 cm. Category 5. Pilbara Death Adder (Acanthophis wellsi) – Maximum length 70 cm. Category 5. Western Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus) - Maximum length 160 cm. Category 5. Mulga Snake (Pseudechis australis) – Maximum length 300 cm. Category 5. Spotted Mulga Snake (Pseudechis butleri) – Maximum length 180 cm. Category 5. Dugite (Pseudonaja affinis affinis) – Maximum Desert Death Adder length 180 cm. Category 5. Acanthophis pyrrhus Gwardar (Pseudonaja nuchalis) – Maximum length 100 cm. Category 5. NOTE: All species listed here are dangerously venomous and are listed as Category 5. Only the experienced herpetoculturalist should consider keeping any of them. One must be over 18 years of age to hold a category 5 license. Maintaining a large elapid carries with 1 it a considerable responsibility. Unless you are Pilbara Death Adder confident that you can comply with all your obligations and licence requirements when Acanthophis wellsi keeping dangerous animals, then look to obtaining a non-venomous species instead. NATURAL HABITS: Venomous snakes occur in a wide variety of habitats and, apart from death adders, are highly mobile. All species are active day and night. HOUSING: In all species listed except death adders, one adult (to 150 cm total length) can be kept indoors in a lockable, top-ventilated, all glass or glass-fronted wooden vivarium of Western Tiger Snake at least 90 x 45 cm floor area.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Issue3.7 MB
    Volume Eleven Conservation Science 2016 Western Australia Review and synthesis of knowledge of insular ecology, with emphasis on the islands of Western Australia IAN ABBOTT and ALLAN WILLS i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 METHODS 17 Data sources 17 Personal knowledge 17 Assumptions 17 Nomenclatural conventions 17 PRELIMINARY 18 Concepts and definitions 18 Island nomenclature 18 Scope 20 INSULAR FEATURES AND THE ISLAND SYNDROME 20 Physical description 20 Biological description 23 Reduced species richness 23 Occurrence of endemic species or subspecies 23 Occurrence of unique ecosystems 27 Species characteristic of WA islands 27 Hyperabundance 30 Habitat changes 31 Behavioural changes 32 Morphological changes 33 Changes in niches 35 Genetic changes 35 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 36 Degree of exposure to wave action and salt spray 36 Normal exposure 36 Extreme exposure and tidal surge 40 Substrate 41 Topographic variation 42 Maximum elevation 43 Climate 44 Number and extent of vegetation and other types of habitat present 45 Degree of isolation from the nearest source area 49 History: Time since separation (or formation) 52 Planar area 54 Presence of breeding seals, seabirds, and turtles 59 Presence of Indigenous people 60 Activities of Europeans 63 Sampling completeness and comparability 81 Ecological interactions 83 Coups de foudres 94 LINKAGES BETWEEN THE 15 FACTORS 94 ii THE TRANSITION FROM MAINLAND TO ISLAND: KNOWNS; KNOWN UNKNOWNS; AND UNKNOWN UNKNOWNS 96 SPECIES TURNOVER 99 Landbird species 100 Seabird species 108 Waterbird
    [Show full text]
  • Does Urbanization Influence the Diet of a Large Snake?
    Current Zoology, 2018, 64(3), 311–318 doi: 10.1093/cz/zox039 Advance Access Publication Date: 27 June 2017 Article Article Does urbanization influence the diet of a large snake? a, a b Ashleigh K. WOLFE *, Philip W. BATEMAN , and Patricia A. FLEMING aDepartment of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia and bSchool of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia *Address correspondence to Ashleigh K. Wolfe. E-mail: [email protected] Received on 10 April 2017; accepted on 21 May 2017 Abstract Urbanization facilitates synanthropic species such as rodents, which benefit the diets of many preda- tors in cities. We investigated how urbanization affects the feeding ecology of dugites Pseudonaja affi- nis, a common elapid snake in south-west Western Australia. We predicted that urban snakes: 1) more frequently contain prey and eat larger meals, 2) eat proportionally more non-native prey, 3) eat a lower diversity of prey species, and 4) are relatively heavier, than non-urban dugites. We analyzed the diet of 453 specimens obtained from the Western Australian Museum and opportunistic road-kill collections. Correcting for size, sex, season, and temporal biases, we tested whether location influenced diet for our 4 predictions. Body size was a strong predictor of diet (larger snakes had larger prey present, a greater number of prey items, and a greater diversity of prey). We identified potential collection biases: urban dugites were relatively smaller (snout-vent length) than non-urban specimens, and females were relatively lighter than males. Accounting for these effects, urban snakes were less likely to have prey present in their stomachs and were relatively lighter than non-urban snakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to Scientific Names of Amphibians and Reptiles for Volume 43 (2008)
    Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 43(12):204-206, 2008 Index to Scientific Names of Amphibians and Reptiles for Volume 43 (2008) January 1-16 April 57-72 July 109-124 October 157-172 February 17-32 May 73-92 August 125-140 November 173-188 March 33-56 June 93-108 September 141-156 December 189-208 Acanthophis 24 constrictor 65, 66, 120 Cordylus cataphractus 88 Diplodactylus antarcticus 1, 142 constrictor 96 Craugastor 104 steindachneri 24 hawkei 24 imperator 96 fitzingeri 169 taenicauda 24 praelongus 169 occidentalis 96 mimus 169 Draco 49, 50 rugosus 24 Bogertophis 43 noblei 169 Egernia woolfi 24 Boiga irregularis 23, 63, 107 Crocodylus cunninghami 4, 142 Acanthosaura crucigera 50 Bothrops 157, 158 rhombifer 50 frerei 23 Acris 73 jararacussu 157 siamensis 48 hosmeri 24 crepitans 19, 20, 43, 73 Bradypodion melanocephalum 139 Crotalinus kingii 24 blanchardi 73 Buergeria japonica 105 catenatus 106 stokesii 24 crepitans 73, 78 Bufo 42, 73 viridis 106 Elaphe 42, 43, 75 Acrochordus javanicus 50 americanus 17 Crotalus 74 carinata 100, 101 Adelphobates captivus 89 boreas boreas 90 atrox 88, 200 mandarina 100, 101 Afroedura 52 celebensis 134 ericsmithi 123 obsoleta 20, 137 Agkistrodon marinus 23, 50, 66 horridus 74, 79 porphyracea 100 contortrix 76 terrestris 62 lannomi 123 spiloides 75 piscivorus 76, 106 Bungarus 27 massasaugus 106 taeniura 100 leucostoma 90 Caiman crocodilus 76 messasaugus 106 vulpina 75 Ahaetulla prasina 50 Calloselasma rhodostoma 49, 50 mitchellii 29, 202 Eleutherodactylus 69, 104 Alligator mississippiensis 76, 120 Cantoria violacea
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDICES Appendix A. Fauna Species Recorded on Brigalow Research Station. Introduced Species Denoted by *, Vulnerable
    APPENDICES Appendix A. Fauna species recorded on Brigalow Research Station. Introduced species denoted by *, vulnerable 'V', rare 'IR'. Scientific Name Common Name 1. Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked echidna 2. Planigale maculata Common planigale 3. Sminthopsis macroura Stripe-faced dunnart 4. Isoodon macrourus Northern brown (Giant brindled) bandicoot 5. Phascolarctos cinereus Koala 6. Petaurus breviceps Sugar glider 7. Petaurus norfolcensis Squirrel glider 8. Petauroides volans Greater glider 9. Trichosurus vulpecula Common brushtail possum 10. Aepyprymnus rufescens Rufous bettong 11. Macropus dorsalis Black-striped wallaby 12. Macropus giganteus Eastern grey kangaroo 13. Macropus parryi Whiptail wallaby 14. Wallabia bicolor Swamp wallaby 15. Pteropus scapulatus Little red flying fox 16. Hydromys chrysogaster Water rat 17. Mus musculus* House mouse 18. Pseudomys delicatulus Delicate mouse 19. Canis lupus dingo Dingo 20. Canis sp.* Domestic dog 21. Vulpes vulpes* Fox 22. Felis catus* Cat 23. Oryctolagus cuniculus* Rabbit 24. Lepus capensis* Hare 25. Equus sp. * Domestic horse 26. Sus scrofa* Feral pig 27. Bus sp. * Domestic cow 28. Capra hircus* Domestic goat 29. Limnodynastes ornatus Ornate burrowing frog 30. Limnodynastes salmini Salmon-striped frog 31. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Spotted marsh frog 32. Limnodynastes terraereginae Northern (Banjo) pobblebonk frog 33. Uperoleia rugosa Wrinkled (Eastern Burrowing) toadlet 34. Cyclorana brevipes Short-footed (Blotched) waterholding frog 35. Cyclorana novaehollandiae New Holland frog 36. Litoria alboguttata Green-striped frog 37. Litoria caerulea Green tree frog 38. Litoria fallax Eastern sedge frog 39. Litoria inermis Floodplain frog 40. Litoria latopalmata Broad-palmed frog 41. Litoria peronii Emerald spotted (Peron's tree) frog 42. Litoria rubella Desert tree frog 43. Bufo marinus* Cane toad 44.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • IMPACTS of the UNPRECEDENTED 2019-20 BUSHFIRES on AUSTRALIAN ANIMALS NOVEMBER 2020 Acknowledgements
    AUSTRALIA IMPACTS OF THE UNPRECEDENTED 2019-20 BUSHFIRES ON AUSTRALIAN ANIMALS NOVEMBER 2020 Acknowledgements WWF-Australia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work and their continuing connection to their lands, waters, and culture. We pay our respects to Elders – past and present, and their emerging leaders. WWF-Australia is part of the world’s largest conservation network. WWF-Australia has been working to create a world where people live in harmony with nature since 1978. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the Earth’s CONTENTS natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. Prepared by Lily M van Eeden, Dale Nimmo, Michael BACKGROUND 10 Mahony, Kerryn Herman, Glenn Ehmke, Joris Driessen, James O’Connor, Gilad Bino, Martin Taylor and Chris 1.1 Fire in Australia 10 Dickman for WWF-Australia 1.2 The 2019-20 bushfire season 10 We are grateful to the researchers who provided data or feedback on the report. These include: 1.3 Scope of this study 12 • Eddy Cannella 1.3.1 Taxa included 14 • David Chapple 1.3.2 Study area 14 • Hugh Davies • Deanna Duffy 1.4 Limitations 17 • Hugh Ford • Chris Johnson 1. MAMMALS 18 • Brad Law 2.1 Methods 18 • Sarah Legge • David Lindenmayer 2.1.1 Most mammals 18 • Simon McDonald 2.1.2 Koalas 19 • Damian Michael 2.2 Results 22 • Harry Moore • Stewart Nichol 2.3 Caveats 22 • Alyson Stobo-Wilson • Reid Tingley 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Crocodylus Moreletii
    ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES: DIVERSIDAD E HISTORIA NATURAL VOLUMEN 03 NÚMERO 02 NOVIEMBRE 2020 ISSN: 2594-2158 Es un publicación de la CONSEJO DIRECTIVO 2019-2021 COMITÉ EDITORIAL Presidente Editor-en-Jefe Dr. Hibraim Adán Pérez Mendoza Dra. Leticia M. Ochoa Ochoa Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Senior Editors Vicepresidente Dr. Marcio Martins (Artigos em português) Dr. Óscar A. Flores Villela Dr. Sean M. Rovito (English papers) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Editores asociados Secretario Dr. Uri Omar García Vázquez Dra. Ana Bertha Gatica Colima Dr. Armando H. Escobedo-Galván Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Dr. Oscar A. Flores Villela Dra. Irene Goyenechea Mayer Goyenechea Tesorero Dr. Rafael Lara Rezéndiz Dra. Anny Peralta García Dr. Norberto Martínez Méndez Conservación de Fauna del Noroeste Dra. Nancy R. Mejía Domínguez Dr. Jorge E. Morales Mavil Vocal Norte Dr. Hibraim A. Pérez Mendoza Dr. Juan Miguel Borja Jiménez Dr. Jacobo Reyes Velasco Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Dr. César A. Ríos Muñoz Dr. Marco A. Suárez Atilano Vocal Centro Dra. Ireri Suazo Ortuño M. en C. Ricardo Figueroa Huitrón Dr. Julián Velasco Vinasco Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México M. en C. Marco Antonio López Luna Dr. Adrián García Rodríguez Vocal Sur M. en C. Marco Antonio López Luna Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco English style corrector PhD candidate Brett Butler Diseño editorial Lic. Andrea Vargas Fernández M. en A. Rafael de Villa Magallón http://herpetologia.fciencias.unam.mx/index.php/revista NOTAS CIENTÍFICAS SKIN TEXTURE CHANGE IN DIASPORUS HYLAEFORMIS (ANURA: ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE) ..................... 95 CONTENIDO Juan G. Abarca-Alvarado NOTES OF DIET IN HIGHLAND SNAKES RHADINAEA EDITORIAL CALLIGASTER AND RHADINELLA GODMANI (SQUAMATA:DIPSADIDAE) FROM COSTA RICA .....
    [Show full text]
  • Frogs & Reptiles NE Vic 2018 Online
    Reptiles and Frogs of North East Victoria An Identication and Conservation Guide Victorian Conservation Status (DELWP Advisory List) cr critically endangered en endangered Reptiles & Frogs vu vulnerable nt near threatened dd data deficient L Listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (FFG, 1988) Size: of North East Victoria Lizards, Dragons & Skinks: Snout-vent length (cm) Snakes, Goannas: Total length (cm) An Identification and Conservation Guide Lowland Copperhead Highland Copperhead Carpet Python Gray's Blind Snake Nobbi Dragon Bearded Dragon Ragged Snake-eyed Skink Large Striped Skink Frogs: Snout-vent length male - M (mm) Snout-vent length female - F (mm) Austrelaps superbus 170 (NC) Austrelaps ramsayi 115 (PR) Morelia spilota metcalfei – en L 240 (DM) Ramphotyphlops nigrescens 38 (PR) Diporiphora nobbi 8.4 (PR) Pogona barbata – vu 25 (DM) Cryptoblepharus pannosus Snout-Vent 3.5 (DM) Ctenotus robustus Snout-Vent 12 (DM) Guide to symbols Venomous Lifeform F Fossorial (burrows underground) T Terrestrial Reptiles & Frogs SA Semi Arboreal R Rock-dwelling Habitat Type Alpine Bog Montane Forests Alpine Grassland/Woodland Lowland Grassland/Woodland White-lipped Snake Tiger Snake Woodland Blind Snake Olive Legless Lizard Mountain Dragon Marbled Gecko Copper-tailed Skink Alpine She-oak Skink Drysdalia coronoides 40 (PR) Notechis scutatus 200 (NC) Ramphotyphlops proximus – nt 50 (DM) Delma inornata 13 (DM) Rankinia diemensis Snout-Vent 7.5 (NC) Christinus marmoratus Snout-Vent 7 (PR) Ctenotus taeniolatus Snout-Vent 8 (DM) Cyclodomorphus praealtus
    [Show full text]