Level 1 Fauna Survey of the Gruyere Gold Project Borefields (Harewood 2016)

Home , Anne Beadell Highway, Backobourkia, Beaded gecko, Calomyrmex, Centralian blind snake, Central netted dragon

GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LIMITED GRUYERE PROJECT EPA REFERRAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENT

APPENDIX 5: LEVEL 1 FAUNA SURVEY OF THE GRUYERE GOLD PROJECT BOREFIELDS (HAREWOOD 2016)

Gruyere EPA Ref Support Doc Final Rev 1.docx Fauna Assessment (Level 1)

Gruyere Borefield Project Gold Road Resources Limited

January 2016 Version 3

On behalf of: Gold Road Resources Limited C/- Botanica Consulting PO Box 2027 BOULDER WA 6432 T: 08 9093 0024 F: 08 9093 1381

Prepared by: Greg Harewood Zoologist PO Box 755 BUNBURY WA 6231 M: 0402 141 197 T/F: (08) 9725 0982 E: [email protected] GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2. SCOPE OF WORKS ...... 1

3. RELEVANT LEGISTALATION ...... 2

4. METHODS...... 3

4.1 POTENTIAL VETEBRATE FAUNA INVENTORY - DESKTOP SURVEY ...... 3

4.1.1 Database Searches...... 3

4.1.2 Previous Fauna Surveys in the Area ...... 3

4.1.3 Existing Publications ...... 5

4.1.4 Fauna of Conservation Significance ...... 6

4.1.5 Likelihood of Occurrence – Vertebrate Fauna of Conservation Significance7

4.1.6 Taxonomy and Nomenclature...... 8

4.2 INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ...... 8

4.3 SITE SURVEYS...... 9

4.3.1 Habitat Assessment ...... 9

4.3.2 Opportunistic Fauna Observations ...... 10

5. SURVEY CONSTRAINTS...... 10

6. RESULTS ...... 11

6.1 POTENTIAL VERTEBRATE FAUNA INVENTORY...... 11

6.2 INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ...... 11

6.3 SITE SURVEYS...... 13

6.3.1 Habitat Assessment ...... 13

6.3.2 Opportunistic Fauna Observations ...... 15

6.4 FAUNA INVENTORY – SUMMARY...... 16 GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

6.4.1 Vertebrate Fauna...... 16

6.4.2 Vertebrate Fauna of Conservation Significance ...... 17

7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 22

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 24

TABLES

TABLE 1: Main Terrestrial Fauna Habitats within the Survey Area.

TABLE 2: Summary of Potential Vertebrate Fauna Species

TABLE 3: Likelihood of Occurrence – Vertebrate Fauna Species of Conservation Significance

FIGURES

FIGURE 1: Survey Areas & Surrounds

FIGURE 2: Yeo Borefield Area - Air Photo

FIGURE 3: Anne Beadell Borefield Area - Air Photo

FIGURE 4: Vegetation Communities (Botanica 2015)

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Conservation Categories

APPENDIX B: Vertebrate Fauna Recorded or Potentially in Region of Survey Area

APPENDIX C: DPaW NatureMap & EPBC Act Database Search Results

APPENDIX D: Significant Species Profiles GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Acronyms/Abbreviations:

BA: Birdlife Australia (Formerly RAOU, Birds Australia).

BC Bill: Biodiversity Conservation Bill (2015). WA Government.

CALM: Department of Conservation and Land Management (now DPaW), WA Government.

CAMBA: China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement 1998.

DEC: Department of Environment and Conservation (now DPaW), WA Government.

DEH: Department of Environment and Heritage (now DoE), Australian Government.

DEP: Department of Environment Protection (now DER), WA Government.

DEWHA: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (now DoE), Australian Government.

DER: Department of Environment Regulation (formerly DEC, DoE), WA Government.

DMP: Department of Mines and Petroleum (formerly DoIR), WA Government.

DoE: Department of Environment (now DER/DPaW), WA Government.

DoIR: Department of Industry and Resources (now DMP), WA Government.

DotE: Department of the Environment (formerly SEWPaC, DWEHA, DEH), Australian Government.

DPaW: Department of Parks and Wildlife (formerly DEC, CALM, DoE), WA Government.

EP Act: Environmental Protection Act 1986,WA Government.

EPA: Environmental Protection Authority, WA Government.

EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Australian Government.

ha: Hectare (10,000 square metres).

IBRA: Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia.

IUCN: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – commonly known as the World Conservation Union.

JAMBA: Japan Australia Migratory Bird Agreement 1981.

km: Kilometre (1,000 metres).

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OEPA: Office Environmental Protection Authority, WA Government.

RAOU: Royal Australia Ornithologist Union.

ROKAMBA: Republic of Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement 2007.

SEWPaC: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (now DotE, formerly DEH, DEWHA), Australian Government.

SRE: Short Range Endemic.

SSC: Species Survival Commission, International.

WA: Western Australia.

WAM: Western Australian Museum, WA Government.

WC Act: Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, WA Government.

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SUMMARY

This report details the results of a Level 1 fauna assessment of the proposed Gruyere borefields project area being investigated as part of Gold Road Resources Limited’s (GRRs) possible future gold project development in the “Yamarna Belt” tenement areas situated about 160km north-east of Laverton, Western Australia (Figure 1).

The borefield (and associated pipeline routes) are comprised of two main areas, one to the west of the main Gruyere Project area (Yeo Borefield) and one to the south east (Anne Beadell Borefield)(Figures 2 & 3). The area surveyed as part of this assessment covers approximately 5,983 ha.

The assessment was undertaken for the purposes of delineating and characterising the fauna habitats and faunal assemblages present in the target area. The assessment has included a desktop review and field reconnaissance survey (8 to 10 November 2015) carried out to comply with relevant EPA guidance statements.

Previous terrestrial invertebrate surveys undertaken within the Yamarna area indicate that it is possible that potential SREs could occur within the proposed borefield areas, given the proximity of the records acquired to date and the presence of similar habitat types.

A list of expected vertebrate fauna species likely to occur in the survey area was compiled from information obtained during the literature review and is presented in Appendix B. Observations made during the field survey and the results of some previous fauna surveys carried out in the general area are summarised in this species listing as are the DPaW NatureMap database search results.

With respect to native vertebrate fauna, 28 mammals (including eight bat species), 103 bird, 105 reptile and nine frog species have previously been recorded in the general area, some of which have the potential to occur in or utilise at times, the survey area.

The broad scale terrestrial fauna habitats within the survey area presented below are based primarily on landforms identified by Botanica (2015) with further often subtle subdivisions possible using vegetation structure. The extent of the identified broad scale fauna habitats within the survey area are shown in Figure 4 with a summary description of each given below.

x Clay-Loam Plains Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Acacia Shrublands, Mallee Open Woodlands and Sparse Mallee Shrublands Total Area = 172 ha (~2.9%.

x Closed Depressions Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Casuarina Forests and Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands, Chenopod Shrublands, Samphire Shrublands and Forblands. Total Area = 266 ha (~4.4%)

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x Drainage Depressions Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Acacia Open Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands. Total Area = 163 ha (~2.7%)

x Quartz/Rocky Plains Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Casuarina Forests and Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands. Total Area = 335 ha (~5.6%)

x Sand Dunes Eucalypt Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands. Total Area = 252 ha (~4.2%)

x Sand-Loam Plains Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Regrowth, modified native vegetation. Total Area = 256 ha (~4.3%)

x Sandplains Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Eucalypt Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands, Regrowth, modified native vegetation. Total Area = 4,539 ha (~75.9%).

Opportunistic fauna observations are listed in Appendix B. A total of 56 native fauna species were observed (or positively identified from foraging evidence, scats, tracks, skeletons or calls) within the survey area over the three day survey period. Observations of four introduced species using the survey area were also gathered.

A review of the EPBC Act threatened fauna list, DPAW’s Threatened Fauna Database and Priority List, unpublished reports and scientific publications identified a number of specially protected, migratory or priority fauna species as having been previously recorded or as being potentially present in the general vicinity of the survey area.

Of these species, those that have no potential whatsoever to utilise the study area for any purpose have been omitted from the potential list for the site (Appendix B), principally due to available information suggesting the survey area is outside of their current documented range, lack of suitable habitat on-site (including extent and/or quality) or known local/regional extinction.

Two vertebrate fauna species of conservation significance (listed under State or Federal threatened/migratory species lists or as a DPaW priority species) were positively identified as utilising the study area for some purpose during the survey period, this being:

x Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus – Migratory (EPBC Act), S5 (WC Act) Observed/heard on several occasions during survey period. The rainbow bee- eater is a very common and widespread seasonal visitor to the southern half of WA and would not be specifically attracted to the site. Some potential for the species to breed in some sections of the survey area where ground conditions

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are suitable. Population levels would however not be significant as it usually breeds in pairs and rarely in small colonies (Johnstone and Storr, 1998).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat - sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat - sand plains and sand dunes (4,791 ha - ~80.1% of total area).

x Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops – P4 (DPaW Priority Species) The distinctive backfilled burrows of this species were found in the walls of a temporary holding dam constructed on a sand dune in the extreme northern section of the proposed Yeo Borefield, north of the Great Central Road (Figure 2), confirming this species presence at this particular area. This area of dunes appears to be separate from those in other sections of Yamarna (e.g. Gruyere mine area) where no evidence of the species has been found despite targeted searches (i.e. trenches and examination of large cutting in dunes) (Harewood 2015a).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand dunes in the northern section of the western borefield, mainly north of the Great Central Road (33 ha – ~0.6% of total area).

The current status on site and/or in the general area of some other species is difficult to determine, however, based on the habitats present and, in some cases, recent nearby records, six additional species of conservation significance can be regarded as possibly utilising the survey area for some purpose at times, these being:

x Buff-snouted Blind Snake Anilios margaretae –P2(DPaW Priority Species) The status of this species in the survey area is difficult to determine. Given suitable habitat (i.e. sand dunes and sand plains) occurs its presence cannot be discounted despite not being recorded during previously fauna surveys nearby and in the wider area (ecologia 2009, KLA 2012, KEC 2014 and Rapallo 2015). While there are limited records for this species, it appears to have a wide distribution across the Great Victoria Desert. The lack of records could be attributed to the areas remoteness and the secretive habits of blind snakes and it may in fact be more common than records indicate.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains and sand dunes (4,791 ha - ~80.1% of total area).

x Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata –S3(WC Act), Vulnerable (EPBC Act) No evidence of this species (individuals, foot prints, feathers or recent/old nest mounds) was observed during the survey period. Habitat appears unsuitable or at best marginal within much of the area surveyed primarily due to the generally sparse nature of the vegetation, recent fires and/or a lack of leaf litter.

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Individual malleefowl have very occasionally been observed in the general vicinity of Yamarna (pers. comms. “Driller” and TOs) but no recent active or inactive mounds have ever been recorded despite several fauna and flora surveys over significant areas of land associated with the proposed mining operations. This would suggest that the habitats present are unsuitable for breeding and that the observations made are of transient individuals.

For these reasons malleefowl have been listed as a potential species due to the possibility for occasional transient individuals to occur, but they are considered very unlikely to breed within the borefield area itself.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Vegetated clay loam plains, sand loam plains, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (926 ha - ~15.5% of total area). Most habitat does however appear marginal in quality at best.

x Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus –S7(WC Act) The species potentially utilises some sections of the survey area as part of a much larger home range for foraging purposes only. Would only be represented by a very small number of individuals for limited periods. Previously recorded at Tropicana (ecologia 2009).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat - sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat - Large trees with open spouts suitable for nesting or abandoned bird of prey nests – total number unknown, but none observed during field survey.

x Princess Parrot Polytelis alexandrae –Vulnerable (EPBC Act), P4 (DPaW Priority Species) The species may frequent the survey area at times, but given it is highly nomadic, its frequency of occurrence would be very low and generally temporary. Areas containing Euclayptus gongylocarpa woodland are of most significance as they have the potential to contain larger trees with hollows that may represent potential breeding habitat.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat - Vegetated sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat - Large trees with hollows suitable for nesting – total number, if any, unknown.

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2015b) and therefore it is considered to be a potential species where suitable habitat occurs. This species has also been recorded recently much further south at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains and sand loam plains (5,047 ha – 84.4% of total area).

x Brush-tailed Mulgara Dasycercus blythi - P4 (DPaW Priority Species) There is a paucity of records of this species in the area and no evidence of its presence was observed during the field survey or any previous survey at Yamarna including those where trapping has been employed (KLA 2012 and Rapallo 2015). The current status in the survey area is therefore difficult to determine. The most recent nearby records are just south west of Yamarna from 1990 (DPaW 2015) and it was also recorded at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014). This information coupled with the fact that habitat in some sections of the survey area appears suitable (e.g. sand plains, sand ridges, Acacia shrubland on loamy sand) suggests that the species may be present in some areas..

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains and sand loam plains (5,047 ha – 84.4% of total area).

It should be recognised that habitat within the survey area for some of the species listed above, while considered possibly suitable, may be marginal in extent/quality and the species listed may therefore only visit the area for short periods or as rare/uncommon vagrants.

Additional details on these species and others along with reasons for the omission of some from the potential listing are provided in Table 3 and Appendix D.

Based on available information it has been concluded that no terrestrial invertebrate of vertebrate fauna species of significance are unlikely to be significantly impacted on by installation and operation of a borefield. Given the relatively small size of the impact footprint at any one point, the linear nature of pipeline routes and the extensive habitat connectivity with adjoining areas impacts on fauna and fauna habitat at anyone point are anticipated to be small/negligible and therefore manageable.

The following proposed fauna management recommendations are considered most important and while likely to form part of existing procedures and protocols should be made a priority during borefield construction and operation and should be taken into consideration if considered relevant and reasonable/practicable to implement. These recommendations are not necessarily exhaustive and others may need consideration after consultation with relevant regularity authorities.

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It is recommended that:

x Planning for development should aim to minimise as much as possible the area of remnant vegetation requiring removal. Existing cleared areas/tracks should be used in preference to clearing additional areas.

x In particular impact to areas of woodland (e.g. Eucalyptus gongylocarpa) should be avoided if possible and in particular those specimens containing existing hollows should be a priority for retention. Sand dunes, particularly in the northern section of the western borefield area should also be avoided if possible.

x During site works, areas requiring clearing should be clearly marked and access to other areas restricted to prevent accidental clearing of areas to be retained. Unauthorised off-track driving and parking should be prohibited.

x No dead, standing or fallen timber should be removed unnecessarily. Logs (hollow or not) and other debris resulting from land clearing should be used to enhance fauna habitat in untouched and rehabilitated areas if possible.

x Cleared areas should be rehabilitated as soon as is practicable. Monitoring of rehabilitated areas should be carried out and included weed management.

x A Construction and Operations Fire Management Plan should be prepared to reduce the risk of unplanned fires and provide contingency measures to minimise any associated impacts. The plan will include a contingency and response plan in the event of any bushfires that commence as a result of the works on site.

x All staff working on site should be made aware that native fauna is protected. Personnel working on the project should not be allowed to bring firearms, other weapons or pets onsite. Personnel should be discouraged from feeding native and introduced fauna.

x Infrastructure should be positioned to avoid or minimise the disruption to surface and sub-surface hydrology where possible. Levees and drains designed to mimic natural drainage flows should be incorporated in plans where disruptions may occur.

x Any holes, pits or trenches should be kept open for only as long as necessary and suitable escape ramps (45° batter) and bridging provided if the site is to be left unattended for extended periods. Any manmade holes, pits or trenches likely to trap animals should be inspected immediately prior to filling.

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1. INTRODUCTION

It is understood that information obtained during this assessment will be used in conjunction with other environmental investigations to guide project planning. It is anticipated that the information presented will also be used by regulatory authorities to assess the potential impact of the proposal on fauna and fauna habitats at the site during the project evaluation and approval process.

2. SCOPE OF WORKS

The scope of works was to carry out a fauna assessment which complies with the requirements of a Level 1 terrestrial fauna survey as defined in EPA Guidance Statement 56 (EPA 2004), this being:

x Background research or ‘desktop’ survey

The purpose is to gather background information on the target area (usually at the locality scale). This involves a search of all sources for literature, data and map-based information.

x Reconnaissance survey

The purposes are:

i) to verify the accuracy of the background survey;

ii) to further delineate and characterise the fauna and faunal assemblages present in the target area; and

iii) to identify potential impacts.

The reconnaissance survey involves a site visit by suitably qualified personnel to undertake selective, low intensity sampling of the fauna and

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faunal assemblages, and to provide habitat descriptions and habitat maps of the project area (EPA 2004).

3. RELEVANT LEGISLATION

In Western Australia, all fauna are protected by legislation as defined under three government acts:

x Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) (WA) (WC Act);

x Environmental Protection Act (1986) (WA) (EP Act); and

x Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) (Commonwealth) (EPBC Act).

The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 provides protection for all native fauna species, and is administered by DPaW. Special provision is provided for fauna that are considered rare, threatened with extinction or of high conservation value.

It should be noted that the Wildlife Conservation Act (1950) is soon to be repealed and replaced by the Biodiversity Conservation Bill (2015) currently before Parliament.

The Environmental Protection Act (1986) is administered by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and includes guidelines for reviewing the aspects of proposals that might significantly impact environmental factors. Any operation that has the potential to significantly impact on fauna habitat of potential conservation significance may be subject to formal Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under the EP Act.

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) is administered by the Commonwealth Department of the Environment, to regulate protection of matters of national environmental significance. Any action (including projects, developments, undertakings, activity or series of activities) that is likely to have a significant impact on any matter included in Part 3 of the Act, must be referred to the Minister for decisions on whether the proposed action triggers the EPBC Act and requires assessment and approval under the Act.

Formal environmental impact assessment (EIA) under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 is therefore likely to be required if a proposal may cause significant change to a habitat containing fauna of conservation significance.

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4. METHODS

4.1 POTENTIAL VERTEBRATE FAUNA INVENTORY - DESKTOP SURVEY

4.1.1 Database Searches

Searches of the following databases were undertaken to compile of a list of vertebrate fauna potentially occurring within the survey area:

x Department of Parks and Wildlife’s (DPaW’s) NatureMap Database (combined data from DPAW, Western Australian Museum and Birds Australia) (DPAW 2015b); and

x Protected matters search tool (Department of the Environment - DotE 2015b).

It should be noted that these lists are based on observations from a broader area than the survey site and therefore may include species that would only ever occur as vagrants in the actual survey area due to a lack of suitable habitat or the presence of only marginal habitat. The databases also often included very old records and in some cases the species in question have become locally or regionally extinct.

Information from these sources should therefore be taken as indicative only and local knowledge and information needs also to be taken into consideration when determining what actual species may be present within the specific area being investigated.

4.1.2 Previous Fauna Surveys in the Area

Fauna surveys, assessments and reviews have been undertaken in nearby areas in the past, though not all are publically available and could not be referenced. The most significant of those available have been used as the primary reference material for compiling the potential fauna assemblage for the general area. Those reports referred to included, but were not limited to:

x ecologia (2009a). Tropicana Gold Project. Operational Area Vertebrate Fauna Assessment. Unpublished report for Tropicana Joint Venture. February 2009.

x ecologia (2009b). Tropicana Gold Project. Tropicana-Transline Infrastructure Corridor, Level 1 Fauna Assessment. Unpublished report for Tropicana Joint Venture. July 2009.

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x Hall, N. J., McKenzie, N. L. and Keighery, G. J. (eds) (1994). The Biological Survey of the Eastern Goldfields of WA - Pt 10: Sandstone-Sir Samuel and Laverton-Leonora Survey Areas. Records of the WAM, Supplement 47: 1 – 166.

x Harewood, G. (2011). Terrestrial Fauna Survey (Level 1) of Yamarna Gold Project (Central Bore, Attila, Alaric, Haul Road and Khan North). Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources. September 2011.

x Harewood G. (2014). Fauna Assessment (Level 1) Gruyere Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. July 2014.

x Kingfisher Environmental Consulting (2014a). Murrin Murrin – Sunrise Dam Infrastructure Corridor Level 1 Fauna Survey. Unpublished report for AngloGold.

x Kingfisher Environmental Consulting (2014b). Sunrise Dam – Tropicana Infrastructure Corridor Level 1 Fauna Survey. Unpublished report for AngloGold.

x KLA (2012). Fauna Assessment (Level 2) Yamarna Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources. October 2012.

x Martnick and Associates Pty Ltd (1996). Environmental Appraisal – Yamarna Gold Project Area. Unpublished report for Zanex NL. January 1996.

x MBS Environmental (2014). Gruyere Project - Desktop Environmental Review and Work Program. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources. February 2014.

x Ninox Wildlife Consulting (2009). A Level One Survey of the Vertebrate Fauna, Infrastructure Corridor – Pinjin Option. L 31/57, L 39/185, Pinjin – Tropicana Gold Project. Unpublished report for Tropicana Joint Venture. January 2009.

x Rapallo Environmental (2015). Fauna Survey of the Gruyere Project Area. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Limited. May 2015.

x Terrestrial Ecosystems (2011). Level 2 Fauna Risk Assessment for the Granny Deeps Project Area. Unpublished report. February 2011.

Some of the abovementioned reports refer to fauna surveys carried a considerable distance from the survey area being assessed and therefore, as with the databases searches, some refer to species that would not occur in the survey area due it being out of their normal range or due to a lack of suitable habitat (extent and/or quality) and this fact was taken into consideration when

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compiling the potential fauna species list for the survey area. It should also be noted that the NatureMap database is likely to include some records from previous fauna surveys in the area including some of those listed above.

4.1.3 Existing Publications

The following represent the main publications used to identify and refine the potential fauna species list for the survey area:

x Anstis, M. (2013). Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia. New Holland Publishers, Sydney.

x Barrett, G., Silcocks, A., Barry, S., Cunningham, R. and Poulter, R. (2003). The New Atlas of Australian Birds. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Victoria.

x Churchill, S. (2008). Australian Bats. Second Edition, Allen & Unwin.

x Johnstone, R.E. and Storr, G.M. (1998). Handbook of Western Australian Birds: Volume 1 – Non-passerines (Emu to Dollarbird). Western Australian Museum, Perth Western Australia.

x Johnstone, R.E. and Storr, G.M. (2004). Handbook of Western Australian Birds: Volume 2 – Passerines (Blue-winged Pitta to Goldfinch). Western Australian Museum, Perth Western Australia.

x Menkhorst, P. and Knight, F. (2011). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Third Edition, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

x Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (1983). Lizards of Western Australia II: Dragons and Monitors. WA Museum, Perth.

x Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (1990). Lizards of Western Australia III: Geckos and Pygopods. WA Museum, Perth.

x Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (1999). Lizards of Western Australia I: Skinks. Revised Edition, WA Museum, Perth.

x Storr, G.M., Smith, L.A. and Johnstone R.E. (2002). Snakes of Western Australia. Revised Edition, WA Museum, Perth.

x Thompson, S. & Thompson, G. (2006). Reptiles of the Western Australian Goldfields. Published by the Goldfields Environmental Management Group.

x Tyler M.J. & Doughty P. (2009). Field Guide to Frogs of Western Australia, Fourth Edition, WA Museum, Perth.

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x Van Dyck, S., Gynther, I. & Baker, A. Eds (2013). Field Companion to The Mammals of Australia. Queensland Museum.

x Wilson, S. and Swan, G. (2013). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Third Edition, Reed, New Holland, Sydney.

4.1.4 Fauna of Conservation Significance

The conservation significance of fauna species has been assessed using data from the following sources:

x Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Administered by the Australian Government Department of the Environment (DotE);

x Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act). Administered by the Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) (Govt. of WA 2015);

x Red List produced by the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (also known as the IUCN Red List - the acronym derived from its former name of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). The Red List has no legislative power in Australia but is used as a framework for State and Commonwealth categories and criteria; and the

x DPaW Priority Fauna list. A non-legislative list maintained by DPaW for management purposes (DPaW 2015a).

The EPBC Act also requires the compilation of a list of migratory species that are recognised under international treaties including the:

x Japan Australia Migratory Bird Agreement 1981 (JAMBA);

x China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement 1998 (CAMBA);

x Republic of Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement 2007 (ROKAMBA); and

x Bonn Convention 1979 (The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals). (Note - Species listed under JAMBA are also specially protected under Schedule 5 of the WC Act.)

All migratory bird species listed in the annexes to these bilateral agreements are protected in Australia as matters of national environmental significance (NES) under the EPBC Act.

The conservation status of all vertebrate fauna species listed as occurring or possibly occurring in the vicinity of the Project area has been assessed using the

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most recent lists published in accordance with the above-mentioned instruments and is indicated as such in the fauna listings of this report. A full listing of conservation codes is provided in Appendix A.

4.1.5 Likelihood of Occurrence – Vertebrate Fauna of Conservation Significance

For vertebrate fauna of conservation significance identified during the literature review as previously being recorded in the general area, each was assessed and ranked for their likelihood of occurrence within the survey area itself. The rankings and criteria used were:

x Unlikely to Occur: Survey area is outside of the currently documented distribution for the species in question or the species is generally accepted as being locally/regionally extinct (supported by a lack of recent records), or no suitable habitat (type, quality and extent) was identified as being likely to be present during the field survey and literature review. Individuals of some species may occur very occasionally as vagrants/transients especially if suitable habitat is located nearby but the survey area itself would not support a population or part population of the species.

o Locally Extinct: Populations no longer occur within a small part of the species natural range, in this case within 10 or 20km of the survey area. Populations do however persist outside of this area.

o Regionally Extinct: Populations no longer occur in a large part of the species natural range, in this case within the Goldfields region, Populations do however persist outside of this area.

x Possibly Occurs: Survey area is within the known distribution of the species in question and habitat of at least marginal quality was identified as being likely to be present during the field survey and literature review, supported in some cases by recent records being documented in literature from within or near the survey area. In some cases, while a species may be classified as possibly being present at times, habitat may be marginal (e.g. poor quality, fragmented, limited in extent) and therefore the frequency of occurrence and/or population levels may be low.

x Known to Occur: The species in question was positively identified as being present (for sedentary species) or as using the survey area as habitat for some other purpose (for non-sedentary/mobile species) during the field survey. This information may have been obtained by direct observation of individuals or by way of secondary evidence (e.g. tracks, foraging debris, scats). In some cases, while a species may be classified as known to occur, habitat may be marginal (e.g. poor quality,

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fragmented, limited in extent) and therefore the frequency of occurrence and/or population levels may be low.

4.1.6 Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Taxonomy and nomenclature for vertebrate fauna species used in this report is generally taken from the DPAW’s WA Fauna Census Database which is assumed to follow Aplin and Smith (2001) for amphibians and reptiles and Johnstone (2001) for birds. Jackson and Groves (2015) has been used for mammals.

Common names are taken from the Western Australia Museum (WAM) recognised primary common name listings when specified, though where common names are not provided they have been acquired from other publications. Sources include Cogger (2014), Wilson and Swan (2013), Van Dyck et al. (2013), Christidis and Boles (2008), Bush et al. (2007), Bush et al. (2002), Tyler et al. (2000) and Glauret (1961). Not all common names are generally accepted.

4.2 INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE

It can be difficult to identify what may be significant invertebrate species (e.g. Short Range Endemics - SREs) as there are uncertainties in determining the range-restrictions of many species due to lack of surveys, lack of taxonomic resolutions within target taxa and problems in identifying certain life stages. Where invertebrates are collected during surveys, a high percentage are likely to be unknown, or for known species there can be limited knowledge or information on their distribution (Harvey 2002).

The review of potential terrestrial invertebrate species of conservation significance has included a search of the DPaW NatureMap database (DPaW 2015b) and the DotE protected matters database (DotE 2015) with the aim of identifying previously recorded threatened and endemic species.

These sources do however have limitations and therefore the results and conclusions of several terrestrial short range endemic studies carried out previously within GRRs Yamarna tenements/Project areas have also been used as a reference in determining the likelihood of terrestrial invertebrate species of conservation significance being impacted on by the installation and operation of the borefield itself. The reports have included:

x Burger, M., Castalanelli, M.A and Harvey M.S. (2012). Arachnids from Yamarna, 140 km East of Laverton, Western Australia. Report to Keith Lindbeck and Associates by Western Australian Museum. May 2012.

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x Judd, S. (2015). Terrestrial Isopod Identification for Dorothy Hills, Yamarna Station. Unpublished report prepared for Greg Harewood (on behalf of GRRs). November 2015.

x Phoenix Environmental Sciences (2014). Identification and assessment of short-range endemism of trapdoor spiders from Yamana [sic] Station, Western Australia. Unpublished report prepared for Botanica Consulting.

x Phoenix Environmental Sciences (2015a). Identification and assessment of short-range endemism of invertebrates from Yamarna Station, Western Australia. Unpublished report prepared for Rapallo Ltd.

x Phoenix Environmental Sciences (2015b). Identification and assessment of short-range endemism of trapdoor spiders from Gruyere Project (Yamarna Station), Western Australia. Unpublished report prepared for Greg Harewood (on behalf of GRRs). November 2015.

x Volschenk, E. (Scorpion ID) (2012). Yamarna Scorpion Identification Report. Unpublished report for Keith Linbeck and Associates.

x Volschenk, E. (Scorpion ID) (2015a). Taxonomic Report for Invertebrates Surveyed from Yamarna Station. Unpublished report prepared for Rapallo Ltd.

x Volschenk, E. (Scorpion ID) (2015b). Taxonomic and Short-Range Endemism Assessment of Invertebrates Surveyed from Yamarna Station (November 2015). Unpublished report prepared for Greg Harewood (on behalf of GRRs). November 2015.

4.3 SITE SURVEYS

The survey area was assessed between the 8 and 10 November 2015. All survey work was carried out by Greg Harewood (B.Sc. Zoology) with some assistance from staff of Botanica Consulting and the Yilka Traditional Owners (including but not limited to Harvey Murry (HM) and Harvey Murry Junior (HJ)).

4.3.1 Habitat Assessment

Landforms and vegetation units identified during the flora and vegetation survey, carried out by Botanica Consulting (2015) have been used to define broad fauna habitat types across the site. This information has been supplemented with observations made during the site survey.

The main aim of the habitat assessment was to determine if it was likely that any species of conservation significance would be utilising the areas that maybe impacted as a consequence of the proposal proceeding. The habitat information obtained was also used to aid in finalising the overall potential fauna list.

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As part of the literature review, available information on the habitat requirements of the species of conservation significance listed as possibly occurring in the area was researched. During the field survey the habitats within the survey area were assessed and specific elements identified, if present, to determine the likelihood of listed threatened species utilising the area and its significance to them.

4.3.2 Opportunistic Fauna Observations

Opportunistic observations of fauna species were made during the field survey work which involved a series of transects across/along the defined survey area while searching microhabitats such as logs, rocks, leaf litter and observations of bird species with binoculars.

Secondary evidence of a species presence such as tracks, scats, skeletal remains, foraging evidence or calls were also noted if observed/heard.

The opportunity was also taken to examine the walls of a temporary water holding dam constructed on a sand dune in the northern section of the survey area for evidence (backfilled tunnels) of marsupial moles (see Figure 2 for location).

5. SURVEY CONSTRAINTS

The conclusions presented are based upon field data and the environmental monitoring and/or testing carried out over a limited period of time and are therefore merely indicative of the environmental condition of the site at the time of the field assessments. Also it should be recognised that site conditions can change with time. No seasonal sampling has been carried out as part of this fauna assessment.

Some fauna species are reported as potentially occurring within the survey area based on there being suitable habitat (quality and extent) within the survey area or immediately adjacent.

The habitat/microhabitat requirements and ecology of many of the species known to occur in the wider area are often not well understood or documented. It can therefore be difficult to exclude species from the potential list based on a lack of a specific habitat or microhabitat within the survey area. As a consequence of this limitation the potential fauna list produced is most likely an overestimation of those species that actually utilise the survey area for some purpose. Some species may be present in the general area but may only use the survey area itself on rare occasions or as vagrants.

In recognition of survey limitations, a precautionary approach has been adopted for this assessment. Any vertebrate fauna species that would possibly occur

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within the survey area (or immediately adjacent), as identified through ecological databases, publications, discussions with local experts/residents and the habitat knowledge of the Author, has been assumed to potentially occur in the survey area.

6. RESULTS

6.1 POTENTIAL VERTEBRATE FAUNA INVENTORY

A list of expected vertebrate fauna species likely to occur in the survey area was compiled from information obtained during the literature review and is presented in Appendix B. Observations made during the field survey and the results of some previous fauna surveys carried out in the the general area are summarised in this species listing as are the DPaW NatureMap database search results. The raw database search results from NatureMap (DPaW 2015b) and the Protected Matters Search Tool (DotE 2015b) are contained within Appendix C.

6.2 INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE

The NatureMap database search of the survey area returned 65 invertebrate species records (DPaW 2015b) none of which are listed as threatened or as priority species. One species (Wandella stuartensis - a spider) is shown as being “Endemic to Query Area” (i.e. those DPaW species records that are wholly contained within the search area) but this species is also known from several locations in the eastern states (ALA 2015) and therefore it is not likely to be an SRE.

No other invertebrate species listed in the NatureMap search were flagged as being endemic to the query area which indicates that there are other records of each of these species, within the NatureMap database, outside the 40km (~5,000 km2) search area, suggesting none would be classified as SREs though this assessment has limitations.

A search of the federal EPBC Act database using the Protected Matters Search Tool (DotE 2015) returned no reference to invertebrates.

A search of the WAM databases for invertebrates was undertaken by MBS as part of their initial desktop review for the Gruyere Project (MBS 2014). The database search was based on a 20 km area and buffer respectively around a central coordinate, (-27.98669 S and 123.85007 E). The search results were limited to one potential SRE species being reported, a scorpion (Urodacus sp. 'Point Sunday') which was recovered from a borrow pit on Point Sunday Road in July 2007, approximately 11 km north of the central coordinate (MBS 2014). The individual record was a new and previously undescribed species.

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During a Level 2 Fauna survey carried out at Yamarna in 2011 and 2012 (KLA 2012), 54 individual invertebrates were collected and passed onto specialists at the WAM. The assemblage comprised species from Arachnida and Gastropoda. Within the Arachnida, 10 species totalling 41 individuals representing six families within Araneae, Psuedoscorpiones and Scorpiones were identified. Gastropoda was represented by one Family and two species totalling 13 individuals.

Given the lack of taxonomic knowledge and reference collections, the results from the WAM were often inconclusive depending on the families or genera. Of the invertebrates identified, results indicated that seven species were not SREs or unlikely to be SREs, for three it was, at the time, not possible to say if the species represent an SRE and the remaining two required further taxonomic research in order to determine or confirm their SRE status. This highlights the lack of knowledge currently available in relation to the conservation status of many invertebrate species. It was concluded that not one specimen collected from the area was known to be a SRE (KLA 2012).

KLA (2012) also stated that in terms of potential SRE invertebrate habitat, while there are “no mountainous terrains and no free-standing areas of water within the tenements, the Yamarna area does support some breakaway areas and creeklines that may be considered SRE potential habitat” but that these areas were limited in extent in this particular area.

Two myglamorph spiders were collected within the Gruyere Project area during a Level 1 fauna survey carried out in May 2014 (Harewood 2014) and submitted to specialists for identification. The specimens included a male “trapdoor spider” identified as the widespread Aganippe ‘MYG159’ (family Idiopidae) and an unidentified juvenile spider belong to the family Theraphosidae (Australian tarantulas). Neither specimens were deemed to be SREs or potential SREs given their known or likely large distributions (Phoenix 2014).

During a Level 2 Fauna Survey within the Gruyere Project area carried out in late 2014 (Rapallo 2015) a total of 37 invertebrate specimens were collected. These comprised eight spiders, 27 scorpions, and two pseudoscorpions.

Taxonomic identifications (Phoenix 2015 and Volschenk 2015) revealed that the specimens contained six potential SRE species, comprising three species of Mygalomorph spider, and three species of scorpion. The pseudoscorpions were identified as being unlikely to represent SREs.

More recently, a targeted invertebrate survey has been completed within the Gruyere Project area between August and October 2015 (Harewood 2015). The survey included the deployment of 120 wet pit traps left in place for about two months and the collection and examination of 12 leaf litter samples. The survey yielded 249 specimens of SRE target groups (scorpions (59), isopods (59), pseudoscorpions (61), Mygalomorph spiders (10) and centipedes (60)).

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The Mygalomorph spiders were identified as including four potential SREs and a widespread species (Phoenix 2015b). However, until material at the WA Museum (which is currently closed due to a major re-organisation of specimen storage) is available for comparative analysis, it will remain unclear if some of the specimens collected are conspecific with those previously collected in the area by KLA (2012) or Rapallo (2015) (i.e. if Synothele ‘gruyere’ is conspecific with Synothele sp. indet. (as reported in Burger et al. 2012) and if any of the Aname species is conspecific with Aname ‘MYG250’ (as reported in Burger et al. 2012) or Aname ‘yamarna’ (as reported in Phoenix 2015a)).

Other specimens collected included five species of scorpions, three species of pseudoscorpions, four species of scolopendromorph centipedes, one species of stone centipede and one species of earth centipede. Of these 14 species, two scorpions (Lychas 'annulatus complex' and Urodacus sp. indet), and the earth centipede (Mecistocephalus sp. indet.) were determined to be potential SRE’s. The remaining 11 species were considered to have widespread ranges (Volschenk 2015b) and therefore not SREs.

The isopod specimens collected were determined to represent a single species that is considered to be a potential SRE primarily because there are knowledge gaps for the taxon and insufficient geographic information to determine its full distribution (Judd 2015).

To date no confirmed terrestrial SREs have been identified within the Yamarna area.

The results of the abovementioned surveys indicate that it is possible that potential SREs could occur within the proposed borefield areas, given the proximity of the records acquired to date and the presence of similar habitat types. Based on available information it is however concluded that terrestrial SRE invertebrates, even if present, are unlikely to be significantly impacted on by installation and operation of a borefield given the relatively small size of the impact footprint at any one point and the extensive habitat connectivity with adjoining areas. As a consequence there is a very low likelihood of any significant impact/change occurring to local invertebrate communities or to the conservation status of individual species given that populations will persist in adjoining unaffected locations.

6.3 SITE SURVEYS

6.3.1 Habitat Assessment

The broad scale terrestrial fauna habitats within the survey area presented below are based landforms and vegetation units identified by Botanica (2015). The extent of the vegetation complexes identified within the survey area are shown in Figures 4 with a summary description of each given below. Additional more detailed information of the various vegetation units present within each landform

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can be found in the flora and vegetation report for the borefield areas (Botanica 2015).

Table 1: Main Terrestrial Fauna Habitats within the Survey Area.

No. Fauna Habitat Description Example Image

Clay-Loam Plains

Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Acacia Shrublands, Mallee Open 1 Woodlands and Sparse Mallee Shrublands

Total Area = 172 ha (~2.9%)

Closed Depressions

Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Casuarina Forests and Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands 2 and Shrublands, Chenopod Shrublands, Samphire Shrublands and Forblands.

Total Area = 266 ha (~4.4%)

Drainage Depressions

Acacia Forests and Woodlands, 3 Acacia Open Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands.

Total Area = 163 ha (~2.7%)

Quartz/Rocky Plains

Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Casuarina Forests and 4 Woodlands, Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands.

Total Area = 335 ha (~5.6%)

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No. Fauna Habitat Description Example Image

Sand Dunes

Eucalypt Woodlands, Mallee 5 Woodlands and Shrublands.

Total Area = 252 ha (~4.2%)

Sand-Loam Plains

Acacia Forests and Woodlands, 6 Regrowth, modified native vegetation.

Total Area = 256 ha (~4.3%)

Sandplains

Acacia Forests and Woodlands, Eucalypt Woodlands, Mallee 7 Woodlands and Shrublands, Regrowth, modified native vegetation.

Total Area = 4,539 ha (~75.9%)

6.3.2 Opportunistic Fauna Observations

Opportunistic fauna observations are listed in Appendix B. A total of 56 native fauna species were observed (or positively identified from foraging evidence, scats, tracks, skeletons or calls) within the survey area over the three day survey period. Evidence of four introduced species using the survey area was also gathered.

With respect to conservation significant species, evidence (back filled burrows) of the southern marsupial mole (P4 (DPaW Priority Species) was found at one location and the rainbow bee-eater (S5 (WC Act) and Migratory (EPBC Act)) was observed and heard at several locations.

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6.4 FAUNA INVENTORY – SUMMARY

6.4.1 Vertebrate Fauna

Table 2 summarises the numbers of potential species based on vertebrate class considered likely to be present in the general vicinity of the survey area based on the complete list held Appendix B.

Not all species listed in existing databases and publications as potentially occurring within the region (i.e. EPBC Act’s Threatened Fauna and Migratory species lists, DPAW’s NatureMap Fauna Database and various publications) are considered likely to be present within the survey area. The list of potential fauna takes into consideration that firstly the species in question is not known to be locally/regionally extinct and secondly that suitable habitat for each species, as identified during the habitat assessment, is present within the survey area, though compiling an accurate list has limitations (see Section 5 above).

Table 2: Summary of Potential Vertebrate Fauna Species (as listed in Appendix B)

Potential Number Total Potential number Potential of number number of number species Group of of specially of priority observed potential migratory protected species Level 1 species species species Survey

Amphibians 9 0 0 0 0

Reptiles 105 0 0 1 11

Birds 103 3 1 1 40

Non-Volant 299 00294 Mammals Volant 80000 Mammals (Bats)

Total 2549 116604

Superscript = number of introduced species included in the total. Note: Where a species state and federal conservation status is different, the highest category is used.

Despite the omission of some species it should be noted that the list provided is still very likely an over estimation of the fauna species utilising the site (either on a regular or infrequent basis) as a result of the precautionary approach adopted for the assessment. At any one time only a subset of the listed potential species are likely to be present within the bounds of the study area.

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6.4.2 Vertebrate Fauna of Conservation Significance

x Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus –Migratory (EPBC Act), S5 (WC Act) Observed/heard on several occasions during survey period. The rainbow bee-eater is a very common and widespread seasonal visitor to the southern half of WA and would not be specifically attracted to the site. Some potential for the species to breed in some sections of the survey area where ground conditions are suitable. Population levels would however not be significant as it usually breeds in pairs and rarely in small colonies (Johnstone and Storr, 1998).

x Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops – P4 (DPaW Priority Species) The distinctive backfilled burrows of this species were found in the walls of a temporary holding dam constructed on a sand dune in the extreme northern section of the proposed borefield, north of the Great Central Road (Figure 2), confirming this species presence in this particular area. This area of dunes appears to be separate from those in other sections of Yamarna (e.g. Gruyere mine area) where no evidence of the species has been found despite targeted searches (i.e. trenches and examination of large cutting in dunes) (Harewood 2015a).

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Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand dunes in the northern section of the western borefield, mainly north of the Great Central Road (33 ha – ~0.6% of total area).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains and sand dunes (4,791 ha - ~80.1% of total area).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Vegetated clay loam plains, sand loam plains, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains

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(926 ha - ~15.5% of total area). Most habitat does however appear marginal in quality at best.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat - sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat - Large trees with open spouts suitable for nesting or abandoned bird of prey nests – total number unknown, but none observed during field survey.

x Princess Parrot Polytelis alexandrae – Vulnerable (EPBC Act), P4 (DPaW Priority Species) The species may frequent the survey area at times, but given it is highly nomadic, its frequency of occurrence would be very low and generally temporary. Areas containing Euclayptus gongylocarpa woodland are of most significance as they have the potential to contain larger trees with hollows that may represent potential breeding habitat.

x Striated Grasswren (sand plain) Amytornis striatus striatus -P4 (DPaW Priority Species) Not observed during the field survey or during any other recent survey at Yamarna however there is a NatureMap record along the Anne Beadell Highway just east of the borefield survey area made in the year 2000 (DPaW 2015b) and therefore it is considered to be a potential species where suitable habitat occurs. This species has also been recorded recently much further south at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains and sand loam plains (5,047 ha – 84.4% of total area).

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survey at Yamarna including those where trapping has been employed (KLA 2012 and Rapallo 2015). The current status in the survey area is therefore difficult to determine. The most recent nearby records are just south west of Yamarna from 1990 (DPaW 2015) and it was also recorded at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014). This information coupled with the fact that habitat in some sections of the survey area appears suitable (e.g. sand plains, sand ridges, Acacia shrubland on loamy sand) suggests that the species may be present in some areas.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains and sand loam plains (5,047 ha – 84.4% of total area).

Additional details on these species and others, along with reasons for the omission of some from the potential listing are provided in Table 3 below and in Appendix D.

Table 3: Likelihood of Occurrence – Vertebrate Fauna Species of Conservation Significance (continues on following pages)

Conservation Status (see Appendix A for Potential Habitats Within Survey Area codes) Likelihood of Species Occurrence EPBC WC DPAW Foraging Breeding Total Extent Act Act Priority Habitat Habitat (ha)

4,791 ha - Buff-snouted Blind Snake - - P2 Sand plains and sand dunes ~80.1% of Possible Anilios margaretae total area Unlikely. 4,791 ha - Outside current Great Desert Skink VU S3 - Sand plains and sand dunes ~80.1% of documented Liopholis kintorei total area range/locally extinct? Unlikely. 4,791 ha - Outside current Woma - - P1 Sand plains and sand dunes ~80.1% of documented Aspidites ramsayi total area range/locally extinct? Vegetated clay loam plains, sand Possible loam plains, 926 ha - transient Malleefowl VU S3 - drainage None ~15.5% of individuals Leipoa ocellata depressions and total area only. Breeding quartz rocky unlikely. plains. Drainage depressions, 429 ha - Unlikely. Great Egret Mig S5 - closed None ~7.1% of total Outside normal Ardea alba depressions. area range. (when inundated).

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Conservation Status (see Appendix A for Potential Habitats Within Survey Area codes) Likelihood of Species Occurrence EPBC WC DPAW Foraging Breeding Total Extent Act Act Priority Habitat Habitat (ha)

sand plains, sand Large trees 5,983 ha – dunes, clay loam with open 100% of total plains, sand loam spouts area Peregrine Falcon plains, closed suitable for - S7 - Possible. Falco peregrinus depressions, nesting or No potential drainage abandoned nest sites depressions and bird of prey observed. quartz rocky plains nests sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed 5,983 ha – Unlikely. Grey Falcon -S3- depressions, None 100% of total Outside normal Falco hypoleucos drainage area range. depressions and quartz rocky plains. Closed Unlikely Oriental Plover 76 ha - ~1.3% Mig S5 - depressions (with None Outside normal Charadis veredus of total area. chenopods. range. Vegetated sand 5,983 ha – plains, sand 100% of total dunes, clay loam Large trees area plains, sand loam Princess Parrot with hollows VU - P4 plains, closed Possible Polytelis alexandrae suitable for Number of depressions, nesting. suitable tree drainage hollows, if any depressions and unknown. quartz rocky plains Unlikely. 4,615 ha – Outside current Night Parrot Vegetated sand plains, closed EN S1 - 77.2 % of documented Pezoporus occidentalis depression (with chenopods) total area range/locally extinct? 5,983 ha – Fork-tailed Swift Air space over Mig S5 - None 100% of total Unlikely. Apus pacificus entre area. area. Striated Grasswren 5,047 ha – Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam (sandplain) Amytornis - - P4 84.4% of total Possible. plains and sand loam plains striatus striatus area Densely vegetated sand plains, Unlikely. Thick-billed Grass-wren sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand 5,983 ha – Outside current (western ssp) --P4loam plains, closed depressions, 100% of total documented Amytornis textilis textilis drainage depressions and quartz area range/locally rocky plains extinct? sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam Sand plains 5,983 ha – Rainbow Bee-eater plains, closed Known to Mig S5 - and sand 100% of total Merops ornatus depressions, Occur dunes. area. drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains Grey Wagtail Mig S5 - None. 0 ha Unlikely. Motacilla cinerea

Yellow Wagtail Mig S5 - None. 0 ha Unlikely. Motacilla flava

5,047 ha – Brush-tailed Mulgara Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam - - P4 84.4% of total Possible. Dasycercus blythi plains and sand loam plains. area 33 ha – Southern Marsupial Mole Sand dunes in the northern section Known to - - P4 ~0.6% of total Notoryctes typhlops of western borefield. Occur area

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Conservation Status (see Appendix A for Potential Habitats Within Survey Area codes) Likelihood of Species Occurrence EPBC WC DPAW Foraging Breeding Total Extent Act Act Priority Habitat Habitat (ha)

Unlikely. Sandhill Dunnart Habitat EN S2 - None. 0 ha Sminthopsis psammophila Appears unsuitable. Unlikely. Sand plains, sand dunes, quartz 5,717 ha - Outside current rocky plains, clay loam plains, sand Bilby Macrotis lagotis VU S3 - ~95.6% of documented loam plains and drainage total area. range/locally depressions. extinct? Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam Unlikely. 5,983 ha – Central Long-eared Bat plains, sand loam plains, closed Outside current --P4 100% of total Nyctophilus major tor depressions, drainage depressions documented area and quartz rocky plains. range

7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

The level 1 fauna assessment reported on here was undertaken for the purposes of delineating and characterising the fauna habitats and faunal assemblages present in the survey area, with an emphasis on identifying which terrestrial fauna species of conservation significance may be present.

It is recommended that:

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particularly in the northern section of the western borefield area should also be avoided if possible.

x Cleared areas should be rehabilitated as soon as is practicable. Monitoring of rehabilitated areas should be carried out and included weed management.

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8. BIBLIOGRAPHY (not necessarily cited)

Adams, M., Cooper, N. and Armstrong, J. (2002). Revision of Dasycercus Systematics. Unpublished Report: South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage.

Anstis, M. (2013). Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia. New Holland Publishers, Sydney.

Aplin, K. P. and Smith, L.A. (2001). Checklist of the frogs and reptiles of Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 63, 51-74.

Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) (2014). www.ala.org.au Accessed December 2015.

Barrett, G., Silcocks, A., Barry, S., Cunningham, R. and Poulter, R. (2003). The New Atlas of Australian Birds. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Victoria.

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Page 30 GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

FIGURES 450000 480000 510000 540000 570000 600000

Yeo Borefield Area 6900000 6900000

Anne Beadell Borefield Area 6870000 6870000 6840000 6840000

450000 480000 510000 540000 570000 600000

Gold Road Resources Ltd Fauna Gruyere Borefield Project Survey Legend O 01020 Survey Areas Gruyere Borefield Project Survey Areas DRAWN:G Harewood DATE : Dec 2015 and Surrounds Kilometres SCALE: 1:660,000 PROJECTION: MGA Zone 51 Figure: 1 560000 570000 580000

Location of temporary dam examined for "mole holes"

G Great Central Road 6910000 6910000

Mt Shenton Yamarna Road 6900000 6900000 6890000 6890000 6880000 6880000

560000 570000 580000

Gold Road Resources Ltd Fauna Gruyere Borefield Project Survey Legend O Yeo Yeo Borefield 0246810 Survey Area DRAWN:G Harewood Borefield Area Kilometres DATE : Dec 2015 SCALE: 1:180,000 Air Photo PROJECTION: UTM - MGA Zone 51 Figure: 2 Pt Sunday Road 585000 590000 595000

Dorothy Hills 6895000 6895000 6890000 6890000

Anne Beadell Highway 6885000 6885000

585000 590000 595000

Gold Road Resources Ltd Fauna Gruyere Borefield Project Legend Survey O Anne Beadell Anne Beadell 012345 Borefield Survey DRAWN:G Harewood Borefield Area Area Kilometres DATE : Dec 2015 SCALE: 1:70,000 Air Photo PROJECTION: UTM - MGA Zone 51 Figure: 3

GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

APPENDIX A

CONSERVATION CATEGORIES EPBC Act (1999) Threatened Fauna Categories

Threatened fauna may be listed under Section 178 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) in any one of the following categories:

Category Code Description There is no reasonable doubt that the last Extinct E member of the species has died. A species (a) is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population well outside its past range; or *Extinct in the wild EW (b) has not been recorded in its known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. A species is facing an extremely high risk of *Critically Endangered CE extinction in the wild in the immediate future. A species: (a) is not critically endangered; and *Endangered EN (b) is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. A species (a) is not critically endangered or endangered; *Vulnerable VU and (b) is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. A species is the focus of a specific conservation program the cessation of which Conservation Dependent CD would result in the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered (a) all migratory species that are: (i) native species; and (ii) from time to time included in the appendices to the Bonn Convention; and (b) all migratory species from time to time *Migratory Migratory included in annexes established under JAMBA, CAMBA and ROKAMBA; and (c) all native species from time to time identified in a list established under, or an instrument made under, an international agreement approved by the Minister. Species in the list established under s248 of Marine Ma the EPBC Act Note: Only species in those categories marked with an asterix are matters of national environmental significance (NES) under the EPBC Act. Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice 2015 Categories

Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and listed under Schedules 1 to 7 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

The assessment of the conservation status of these species is based on their national extent and ranked according to their level of threat using IUCN Red List categories and criteria as detailed below.

Category Code Description Schedule 1

Threatened species considered to be facing an extremely high risk of Critically CR extinction in the wild. Endangered species Schedule 2 Threatened species considered to be facing a very high risk of EN Endangered extinction in the wild. species Schedule 3 Threatened species considered to be facing a high risk of VU Vulnerable extinction in the wild. species Schedule 4 Species which have been adequately searched for and there is EX Presumed no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. extinct species Schedule 5

Birds that are subject to an agreement between the government Migratory birds of Australia and the governments of Japan (JAMBA), China protected IA (CAMBA) and The Republic of Korea (ROKAMBA), and the under an Bonn Convention, relating to the protection of migratory birds. international agreement Schedule 6

Fauna that is of special Fauna of special conservation need being species dependent conservation CD on ongoing conservation intervention to prevent it becoming need as eligible for listing as threatened. conservation dependent fauna Schedule 7

Fauna otherwise in need of special protection to ensure their Other specially OS conservation. protected fauna. Western Australian DPaW Priority Fauna Categories

Possibly threatened species that do not meet survey criteria, or are otherwise data deficient, are added to the Priority Fauna under Priorities 1, 2 or 3. These three categories are ranked in order of priority for survey and evaluation of conservation status so that consideration can be given to their declaration as threatened flora or fauna.

Species that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for near threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened species or other specially protected fauna lists for other than taxonomic reasons, are placed in Priority 4. These species require regular monitoring.

Assessment of Priority codes is based on the Western Australian distribution of the species, unless the distribution in WA is part of a contiguous population extending into adjacent States, as defined by the known spread of locations.

Category Code Description Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less) which are potentially at risk. All occurrences are either: very small; or on Priority 1 lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, road and rail reserves, gravel reserves and active mineral leases; or Poorly P1 otherwise under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Species may be Known included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but Species. do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey. Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less), some of which are on lands managed primarily for nature conservation, e.g. Priority 2 national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves and other lands with secure tenure being managed for conservation. Species may be included if Poorly P2 they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not Known meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from Species. known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey. Species that are known from several locations and the species does not Priority 3 appear to be under imminent threat, or from few but widespread locations with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently Poorly P3 suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Species may be Known included if they are comparatively well known from several locations but do Species. not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Such species are in need of further survey. (a) Rare: Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not Priority 4 currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These species are usually represented Rare, Near on conservation lands. Threatened P4 and other (b) Near Threatened: Species that are considered to have been adequately species in surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that need of are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. monitoring. (c) Species that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than taxonomy.

*Species includes all taxa (plural of taxon - a classificatory group of any taxonomic rank, e.g. a family, genus, species or any infraspecific category i.e. subspecies or variety, or a distinct population). IUCN Red List Threatened Species Categories

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is a checklist of taxa that have undergone an extinction risk assessment using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Categories are summarized below.

Category Code Description Taxa for which there is no reasonable doubt that Extinct EX the last individual has died. Taxa which is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or and as a naturalised population well Extinct in the outside its past range and it has not been EW Wild recorded in known or expected habitat despite exhaustive survey over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. Critically Taxa facing an extremely high risk of extinction in CR Endangered the wild. Taxa facing a very high risk of extinction in the Endangered EN wild.

Vulnerable VU Taxa facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

Taxa which has been evaluated but does not Near NT qualify for CR, EN or VU now but is close to Threatened qualifying or likely to qualify in the near future. Taxa which has been evaluated but does not Least Concern LC qualify for CR, EN, VU, or NT but is likely to qualify for NT in the near future. Taxa for which there is inadequate information to make a direct or indirect assessment of its risk of Data Deficient DD extinction based on its distribution and/or population status.

Not Evaluated NE Taxa which has not been evaluated.

A full list of categories and their meanings are available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories- criteria GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

APPENDIX B

VERTEBRATE FAUNA RECORDED OR POTENTIALLY IN REGION OF SURVEY AREA Compiled by Greg Harewood - December 2015 Fauna Recorded or Potentially in Region of Survey Area Recorded (Captured/Sighted/Heard/Signs) = X Gruyere Borefield Project - Gold Road Resources Ltd, Yamarna Station, WA. Harewood G. (2015a). Fauna Assessmnet (Level 1) Gruyere Borefield Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. December 2015. Harewood G. (2015b). Fauna Assessmnet (Level 1) White Cliffs Road Gas Pipeline Option, Gruyere Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. December 2015. Harewood G. (2015c). Fauna Assessmnet (Level 1) Midline Gas Pipeline Option, Gruyere Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. December 2015. Rapallo Environmental (2015). Fauna Survey of the Gruyere Project Area. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Limited. May 2015. KEC (2014). Sunrise Dam-Tropicana Infrastructure Corridor Fauna Survey. Unpublished report for AngloGold Ashanti. July 2014. Harewood G. (2014). Fauna Assessmnet (Level 1) Gruyere Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. July 2014. KLA (2012). Fauna Assessment (Level 2) Yamarna Project. Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. October 2012. Harewood G. (2011). Terrestrial Fauna Survey (Level 1) of Yamarna Gold Project (Central Bore, Attila, Alaric, Haul Road and Khan North). Unpublished report for Gold Road Resources Ltd. September 2011. ecologia (2009). Tropicana Gold Project. Operational Area Vertebrate Fauna Assessment. Unpublished report for Tropicana Joint Venture. February 2009. DPaW (2015). NatureMap Database Search – Method = 'By Circle'; 123°43' 29'' E, 28°03' 14'' S (40km buffer). Accessed 4 December 2015. Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Amphibia Myobatrachidae Ground or Burrowing Frogs

Neobatrachus aquilonius Northern Burrowing Frog LC X

Neobatrachus kunapalari Kunapalari Frog LC X

Neobatrachus sudellae Sudell's Frog LC X

Neobatrachus sutor Shoemaker Frog LC X X X

Neobatrachus wilsmorei Plonking Frog LC

WC Act Status - S1 to S7, EPBC Act Status - EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EX = Extinct, Mig = Migratory, DPaW Priority Status - P1 to P4, Int. Agmts - CA = CAMBA, JA = JAMBA, RK = ROKAMBA, IUCN Red List Category Definitions - LC =Least Concern, see Appendix A and http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/categories-and-criteria/2001-categories-criteria for others

Page 1 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Platyplectrum spenceri Centralian Burrowing Frog

Pseudophryne occidentalis Western Toadlet LC

Hylidae Tree or Water-Holding Frogs

Cyclorana maini Sheep Frog LC X

Cyclorana platycephala Water-holding Frog LC

Reptilia Carphodactylidae Knob-tailed Geckos

Nephrurus laevissimus Pale Knob-tailed Gecko X X X X

Nephrurus levis Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko X X

Nephrurus vertebralis Midline Knob-tailed Gecko X

Page 2 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Diplodactylidae Geckoes

Diplodactylus conspicillatus Fat-tailed Gecko X X X X X

Diplodactylus granariensis Western Stone Gecko X

Diplodactylus pulcher Western Saddled Ground Gecko X X

Lucasium damaeum Beaded Gecko X X X X

Lucasium squarrosus Mottled Ground Gecko

Lucasium stenodactylus Sand-plain Gecko LC X

Rhynchoedura ornata Beaked Gecko X X X X

Strophurus assimilis Goldfields Spiny-tailed Gecko X

Strophurus ciliaris Spiny-tailed Gecko X

Strophurus elderi Jewelled Gecko X X X X

Page 3 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Strophurus intermedius Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko X X

Strophurus strophurus Ring-tailed Gecko X X X

Strophurus wellingtonae Western-shield Spiny-tailed Gecko LC

Gekkonidae Geckoes

Gehyra purpurascens Purple Arid Dtella X X X X

Gehyra variegata Variegated Dtella X X X X X X

Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko X X X X X

Underwoodisaurus milii Barking Gecko

Page 4 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Pygopodidae Legless Lizards

Delma butleri Unbanded Delma X X X

Delma nasuta Long-nosed Delma X X X X

Delma petersoni Peterson’s Delma X X

Lialis burtonis Burton’s Legless Lizard X X X X

Pygopus nigriceps Hooded Scaly Foot X X X X X X

Page 5 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Agamidae Dragon Lizards

Caimanops amphiboluroides Mulga Dragon X X X X

Ctenophorus caudicinctus Ring-tailed Dragon X X

Ctenophorus clayi Collared Dragon X X

Ctenophorus cristatus Bicycle Dragon X X

Ctenophorus fordi Mallee Sand Dragon X X X

Ctenophorus isolepis Military Dragon X X X X X X

Ctenophorus nuchalis Central Netted Dragon X X X X

Ctenophorus pictus Painted Dragon X X

Ctenophorus reticulatus Western Netted Dragon X X X X

Ctenophorus scutulatus Lozenge-marked Bicycle Dragon X X X X X X

Page 6 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Diporiphora paraconvergens Grey-striped Western Desert Dragon X X

Diporiphora reginae Red-rumped Two-lined Dragon X X

Gowidon longirostris Long-nosed Dragon X

Moloch horridus Thorny Devil X X X X X X

Pogona minor Western Bearded Dragon X X X X

Tympanocryptis cephala Pebble Dragon X

Page 7 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Varanidae Monitor's or Goanna's

Varanus brevicauda Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor X X X

Varanus caudolineatus Stripe-tailed Pygmy Monitor X X

Varanus eremius Pygmy Desert Monitor X X

Varanus giganteus Perentie X X X X X X

Varanus gilleni Pygmy Mulga Monitor X X

Varanus gouldii Sand Monitor X X X X X X X

Varanus panoptes Yellow-spotted Monitor X X

Varanus tristis Black-headed Monitor X X X X X

Page 8 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Scincidae Skinks

Cryptoblepharus buchananii Fence Skink

Cryptoblepharus carnabyi Spiny-palmed Fence Skink X

Ctenotus ariadnae Ariadna's Ctenotus X X

Ctenotus brooksi Central Wedge-snout Ctenotus X X X X

Ctenotus calurus Blue-tailed Skink X X X X

Ctenotus dux Narrow-lined Skink X X X X X

Ctenotus grandis Giant Desert Ctenotus X X

Ctenotus greeri Spotted-necked Ctenotus X X X X

Ctenotus hanloni Nimble Ctenotus X

Ctenotus helenae Dusky Ctenotus X X X X X

Page 9 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Ctenotus leae Centralian Coppertail X

Ctenotus leonhardii Leonhardi's Skink X X X X X

Ctenotus nasutus Long-snouted Ctenotus X X

Ctenotus pantherinus Leopard Ctenotus X X X X X X

Ctenotus piankai Coarse Sands Ctenotus X X

Ctenotus quattuordecimlineatus Fourteen-lined Ctenotus X X X X

Ctenotus schomburgkii Barred Wedge-snout Ctenotus X X X X X

Ctenotus severus Stern Rock Ctenotus

Ctenotus uber Spotted Ctenotus X

Cyclodomorphus melanops Eastern Slender Blue-tongue X X X

Egernia depressa Pygmy Spiny-tailed Skink X

Page 10 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Egernia formosa Goldfields Crevise Skink

Eremiascincus pallidus Pale Sand-swimmer X X X X X

Lerista bipes Western Two-toed Slider X X X X X X

Lerista desertorum Great Desert Slider X X X X X X X

Lerista kingi Common Mulch Skink

Lerista taeniata Ribbon Slider X

Lerista timida Timid Slider X X X X

Liopholis inornata Desert Skink X X X X

Liopholis striata Night Skink X X X

Menetia greyii Dwarf Skink X X X

Morethia butleri Woodland Dark-flecked Morethia X X X

Page 11 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Proablepharus reginae Western Soil-Crevice Skink X X

Tiliqua multifasciata Central Blue-tongue X X X

Tiliqua occipitalis Western Bluetongue X X X X

Typhlopidae Blind Snakes

Anilios bicolor Dark-spined Blind Snake

Anilios endoterus Interior Blind Snake X

Anilios hamatus Northern Hook-snouted Blind Snake

Anilios margaretae Buff-snouted Blind Snake P2

Anilios waitii Common Beaked Blind Snake X

Boidae Pythons, Boas

Antaresia stimsoni Stimson's Python X

Page 12 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Elapidae Elapid Snakes

Acanthophis pyrrhus Desert Death Adder X

Brachyurophis approximans North-western Shovel-nosed Snake X

Brachyurophis fasciolata Narrow-banded Shovel-nosed Snake X X

Brachyurophis semifasciata Southern Shovel-nosed Snake X X

Demansia psammophis Yellow-faced Whipsnake X X X

Furina ornata Moon Snake

Neelaps bimaculatus Black-naped Snake X X

Parasuta monachus Monk Snake X X X

Pseudechis australis Mulga Snake X X X X

Pseudechis butleri Spotted Mulga Snake

Page 13 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Pseudonaja modesta Ringed Brown Snake X X X X

Pseudonaja nuchalis Gwardar X X

Simoselaps anomalus Desert Banded Snake X X

Simoselaps bertholdi Jan's Banded Snake X X X X

Suta fasciata Rosen's Snake X

Aves Casuariidae Emus, Cassowarries

Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu LC X X X X X X X X X X

Megapodiidae Moundbuilders

Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl S3 VU VU A2bce+3ceX X

Page 14 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Accipitridae Kites, Goshawks, Eagles, Harriers

Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk LC X X X

Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk LC X X X X

Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle LC X X X X X X X X

Aquila morphnoides Little Eagle LC X X X

Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier LC

Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite LC X

Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite LC X

Hamirostra melanosternon Black-breasted Buzzard LCX X

Page 15 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Falconidae Falcons

Falco berigora Brown Falcon LC X X X X X X X X X X

Falco cenchroides Australian Kestrel LC X X X X X X X X X

Falco longipennis Australian Hobby LC X X X X X X X

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon S7 LC X X

Otididae Bustards

Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard LC X X X X X X X

Turnicidae Button-quails

Turnix velox Little Button-quail LC X X X X

Page 16 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Charadriidae Lapwings, Plovers, Dotterels

Charadrius melanops Black-fronted Dotterel LC

Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover LC X

Peltohyas australis Inland Dotterel

Columbidae Pigeons, Doves

Geopelia cuneata Diamond Dove LC X X X X

Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon LC X X X X X X X X X X

Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing LC X X X X X X X X

Page 17 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Psittacidae Parrots

Cacatua roseicapilla Galah LC X X X X X X X

Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar LC X X X X X

Neophema bourkii Bourke's Parrot LCX X

Neophema splendida Scarlet-chested Parrot LC X X X

Nymphicus hollandicus Cockatiel LC X X X X

Platycercus varius Mulga Parrot LC X X X X X X X X

Platycercus zonarius Australian Ringneck LC X X X X X X X X X

Polytelis alexandrae Princess Parrot P4 VU NT

Page 18 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Cuculidae Parasitic Cuckoos

Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo LC X X X X

Chrysococcyx osculans Black-eared Cuckoo LC X X

Cuculus pallidus Pallid Cuckoo LC X X X X X X

Strigidae Hawk Owls

Ninox novaeseelandiae Boobook Owl LC X X X X

Tytonidae Barn Owls

Tyto alba Barn Owl LC

Podargidae Frogmouths

Podargus strigoides Tawny Frogmouth LC X X X X X

Caprimulgidae Nightjars

Eurostopodus argus Spotted Nightjar LC X X X X X X

Page 19 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Aegothelidae Owlet-nightjars

Aegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjar LC X X X X X

Halcyonidae Tree Kingfishers

Todiramphus pyrrhopygia Red-backed Kingfisher LC X X X X X X

Meropidae Bee-eaters

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater S5 Mig JA LC X X X

Climacteridae Treecreepers

Climacteris affinis White-browed Treecreeper LC X

Page 20 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Maluridae Fairy Wrens, GrassWrens

Amytornis striatus striatus Striated Grasswren P4 LC X X

Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren LC X X X X X X X

Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairy-wren LC X X X X X X

Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren LC X X X

Stipiturus ruficeps Rufous-crowned Emu-wren LC

Page 21 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Acanthizidae Thornbills, Geryones, Fieldwrens & Whitefaces

Acanthiza apicalis Broad-tailed Thornbill LC X X X X X X X X X

Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill LC X X X X X

Acanthiza robustirostris Slaty-backed Thornbill LC X X X X X X X

Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill LC X X X X X X X

Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface LC X X X X X X

Gerygone fusca Western Gerygone LC

Pyrrholaemus brunneus Redthroat LC X X X X X X X

Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill LC X X X X X X X X X X

Page 22 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Pardalotidae Pardalotes

Pardalotus rubricatus Red-browed Pardalote LC X X X X

Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote LC X X X X X X X

Page 23 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Meliphagidae Honeyeaters, Chats

Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater LC X X X X X X X X X X

Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird LC X X X X X

Certhionyx niger Black Honeyeater LC

Certhionyx variegatus Pied Honeyeater LC X

Epthianura aurifrons Orange Chat LC X X

Epthianura tricolor Crimson Chat LC X X X X X X X X X

Lichenostomus plumulus Grey-fronted Honeyeater LC X X X X X X

Lichenostomus virescens Singing Honeyeater LC X X X X X X X X X

Lichmera indistincta Brown Honeyeater LC X X

Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner LC X X X X X X X X X X

Page 24 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Phylidonyris albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater LC X X X X X X

Petroicidae Australian Robins

Microeca fascinans Jacky Winter LC X X X X

Petroica cucullata Hooded Robin LC X X X X X X X

Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin LC X X X X X X X X X X

Pomatostomidae Babblers

Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler LC X X X X X X X X X

Cinclosomatidae Whipbirds, Wedgebills, Quail Thrushes

Cinclosoma castaneothorax Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush LC X X X X

Cinclosoma castanotus Chestnut Quail-thrush LC X

Psophodes occidentalis Chiming Wedgebill LC

Page 25 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Neosittidae Sitellas

Daphoenositta chrysoptera Varied Sittella LC X X X

Pachycephalidae Crested Shrike-tit, Crested Bellbird, Shrike Thrushes, Whistlers

Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush LC X X X X X X X X

Oreoica gutturalis Crested Bellbird LC X X X X X X X X X X

Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler LC X X X X X X X X X X

Dicruridae Monarchs, Magpie Lark, Flycatchers, Fantails, Drongo

Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-lark LC X X X X X X X X X

Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail LC

Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail LC X X X X X X X X X X

Page 26 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes, Trillers

Coracina maxima Ground Cuckoo-shrike LC X X X X X X

Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike LC X X X X X X X X X

Lalage tricolor White-winged Triller LC X X X X

Artamidae Woodswallows, Butcherbirds, Currawongs

Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow LC X X X X X X X X X

Artamus minor Little Woodswallow LCX X

Artamus personatus Masked Woodswallow LC X X X X X X

Page 27 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Cracticidae Currawongs, Magpies & Butcherbirds

Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird LC X X X X X X X X X X

Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie LC X X X X X X X X X X

Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird LC X X X X X X X X

Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong LC X X X X X X

Corvidae Ravens, Crows

Corvus bennetti Little Crow LC X X X X X X X X X

Corvus orru Torresian Crow LC X X X X X X X

Ptilonorhynchidae Bowerbirds

Ptilonorhynchus maculatus Western Bowerbird LCX X X

Motacillidae Old World Pipits, Wagtails

Anthus australis Australian Pipit LC X X X X X X

Page 28 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Estrilidae Grass Finches & Mannikins

Taeniopygia guttata Zebra Finch LC X X X X X X X X X X

Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers

Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird LC X X X

Hirundinidae Swallows, Martins

Cheramoeca leucosternus White-backed Swallow LC X X X X X X

Hirundo ariel Fairy Martin LCX X

Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow LC X

Hirundo nigricans Tree Martin LC X X X

Sylviidae Old World Warblers

Cincloramphus cruralis Brown Songlark LCX X X

Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark LCX X

Page 29 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Mammalia Tachyglossidae Echidnas

Tachyglossus aculeatus Echidna LC X X X X X X

Page 30 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Dasyuridae Carnivorous Marsupials

Antechinomys laniger Kultarr LC

Dasycercus blythi Brush-tailed Mulgara P4 LC X X

Ningaui ridei Wongai Ningaui LC X X

Ningaui yvonneae Southern Ningaui LC X X

Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis Fat-tailed Pseudantechinus LC X

Sminthopsis crassicaudata Fat-tailed Dunnart LC X

Sminthopsis dolichura Little long-tailed Dunnart LC X X X X

Sminthopsis hirtipes Hairy-footed Dunnart LC X X X X

Sminthopsis macroura Stripe-faced Dunnart LC X X

Sminthopsis ooldea Ooldea Dunnart LC X X X

Page 31 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Notoryctidae Marsupial Moles

Notoryctes typhlops Southern Marsupial Mole P4 X X X

Macropodidae Kangaroos, Wallabies

Macropus fuliginosus Western Grey Kangaroo LC X X X X X X

Macropus robustus Euro LC X X X X X X X X

Macropus rufus Red Kangaroo LC X X X X X X X X

Emballonuridae Sheath-tailed Bats

Taphozous hilli Hill's Sheathtail-bat LC X

Molossidae Freetail Bats

Austronomus australis White-striped Freetail-bat LC X X X X X X X

Ozimops petersi Inland Freetail-bat LC X X X

Page 32 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Vespertilionidae Ordinary Bats

Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat LC X X X X

Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat LC X X X

Scotorepens balstoni Inland Broad-nosed Bat LC X X X

Vespadelus baverstocki Inland Forest Bat LC X

Vespadelus finlaysoni Finlayson's Cave Bat LC X X X

Page 33 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Muridae Rats, Mice

Mus musculus House Mouse Introduced X X X X X

Notomys alexis Spinifex Hopping-mouse LC X X X X X

Pseudomys bolami Bolam's Mouse LC

Pseudomys desertor Desert Mouse LC X X X X

Pseudomys hermannsburgensis Sandy Inland Mouse LC X X X X X

Canidae Dogs, Foxes

Canis lupus Dingo/Dog LC/Introduced X X X X X

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox Introduced X X X X X

Felidae Cats

Felis catus Cat Introduced X X X X X X X

Page 34 of 35 Class Common Conservation Family GH GH GH Rapallo KEC GH KLA GH ecologia DPaW 2015a 2015b 2015c 2015 2014 2014 2012 2011 2009 2015 Species Name Status

Equidae Horses

Equus caballus Horse Introduced X X

Bovidae Horned Ruminants

Bos taurus European Cattle Introduced X X X X X X X

Capra hircus Goat Introduced X X

Ovis aries Sheep Introduced

Camelidae Camels

Camelus dromedarius Camel Introduced X X X X X X X X

Leporidae Rabbits, Hares

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit Introduced X X X X X X X X X X

Page 35 of 35 GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

APPENDIX C

DPAW NATUREMAP & EPBC ACT DATABASE SEARCH RESULTS NatureMap - Gruyere Borefield Project Created By Greg Harewood on 04/12/2015

Kingdom Animalia Current Names Only Yes Core Datasets Only Yes Method 'By Circle' Centre 123°43' 29'' E,28°03' 14'' S Buffer 40km Group By Species Group

Species Group Species Records Amphibian 7 42 Bird 63 349 Invertebrate 65 205 Mammal 17 318 Reptile 80 7033 TOTAL 232 7947

Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area Amphibian 1. 25375 Cyclorana maini (Sheep Frog) 2. Cyclorana sp. 3. 25422 Neobatrachus aquilonius (Northern Burrowing Frog) 4. 25425 Neobatrachus kunapalari (Kunapalari Frog) 5. 42303 Neobatrachus sudellae (Desert Trilling Frog) 6. 25427 Neobatrachus sutor (Shoemaker Frog) 7. 25430 Notaden nichollsi (Desert Spadefoot) Bird 8. 24559 Acanthagenys rufogularis (Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater) 9. 24260 Acanthiza apicalis (Broad-tailed Thornbill, Inland Thornbill) 10. 24261 Acanthiza chrysorrhoa (Yellow-rumped Thornbill) 11. 24264 Acanthiza robustirostris (Slaty-backed Thornbill) 12. 24265 Acanthiza uropygialis (Chestnut-rumped Thornbill) 13. 25535 Accipiter cirrocephalus (Collared Sparrowhawk) 14. 25536 Accipiter fasciatus (Brown Goshawk) 15. 25544 Aegotheles cristatus (Australian Owlet-nightjar) 16. 25647 Amytornis striatus (Striated Grasswren) 17. 24561 Anthochaera carunculata (Red Wattlebird) 18. 25528 Aphelocephala leucopsis (Southern Whiteface) 19. 24285 Aquila audax (Wedge-tailed Eagle) 20. 24610 Ardeotis australis (Australian Bustard) 21. 25566 Artamus cinereus (Black-faced Woodswallow) 22. 24356 Artamus personatus (Masked Woodswallow) 23. Barnardius zonarius 24. 42307 Cacomantis pallidus (Pallid Cuckoo) 25. Cheramoeca leucosterna 26. 25580 Cinclosoma castaneothorax (Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush) 27. 25675 Colluricincla harmonica (Grey Shrike-thrush) 28. 24361 Coracina maxima (Ground Cuckoo-shrike) 29. 25568 Coracina novaehollandiae (Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike) 30. 24416 Corvus bennetti (Little Crow) 31. 25593 Corvus orru (Torresian Crow) 32. Corvus sp. 33. 24420 Cracticus nigrogularis (Pied Butcherbird) 34. 25595 Cracticus tibicen (Australian Magpie) 35. 25596 Cracticus torquatus (Grey Butcherbird) 36. 24470 Dromaius novaehollandiae (Emu) 37. Eolophus roseicapillus 38. 24570 Epthianura tricolor (Crimson Chat) 39. 25621 Falco berigora (Brown Falcon)

NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, and the Western Australian Museum.

Page 1 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 40. 25622 Falco cenchroides (Australian Kestrel) 41. 25623 Falco longipennis (Australian Hobby) 42. 25624 Falco peregrinus (Peregrine Falcon) S 43. 24401 Geopelia cuneata (Diamond Dove) 44. 24443 Grallina cyanoleuca (Magpie-lark) 45. 25651 Malurus lamberti (Variegated Fairy-wren) 46. 25652 Malurus leucopterus (White-winged Fairy-wren) 47. Manorina (Myzantha) flavigula 48. 24583 Manorina flavigula (Yellow-throated Miner) 49. 24736 Melopsittacus undulatus (Budgerigar) 50. 25693 Microeca fascinans (Jacky Winter) 51. 24740 Neophema splendida (Scarlet-chested Parrot) 52. 25748 Ninox novaeseelandiae (Boobook Owl) 53. 24407 Ocyphaps lophotes (Crested Pigeon) 54. 24618 Oreoica gutturalis (Crested Bellbird) 55. 25680 Pachycephala rufiventris (Rufous Whistler) 56. 24627 Pardalotus rubricatus (Red-browed Pardalote) 57. 25682 Pardalotus striatus (Striated Pardalote) 58. 24630 Pardalotus striatus subsp. westraliensis (Striated Pardalote) 59. 24659 Petroica goodenovii (Red-capped Robin) 60. 24409 Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) 61. 25703 Podargus strigoides (Tawny Frogmouth) 62. 24683 Pomatostomus superciliosus (White-browed Babbler) 63. 42342 Ptilotula plumulus (Grey-fronted Honeyeater) 64. 42344 Purnella albifrons (White-fronted Honeyeater) 65. 24278 Pyrrholaemus brunneus (Redthroat) 66. 25614 Rhipidura leucophrys (Willie Wagtail) 67. 30948 Smicrornis brevirostris (Weebill) 68. 25597 Strepera versicolor (Grey Currawong) 69. 30870 Taeniopygia guttata (Zebra Finch) 70. 24851 Turnix velox (Little Button-quail) Invertebrate 71. Acariformes sp. 72. Acrophylla nubilosa 73. Argiope protensa 74. Asadipus auld 75. Austracantha minax 76. Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata 77. Backobourkia collina 78. Backobourkia heroine 79. Calomyrmex sp. 80. Camponotus perjurus 81. Camponotus sp. 82. Cardiocondyla nuda 83. Cavasteron crassicalcar 84. Cerapachys sp. 85. Dingosa humphreysi 86. Drepanotermes columellaris 87. Drepanotermes diversicolor 88. Drepanotermes gayi 89. Drepanotermes rubriceps 90. Eretes australis 91. Ethmostigmus curtipes 92. Hoggicosa alfi 93. Hoggicosa bicolor 94. Hoggicosa forresti 95. Holconia nigrigularis 96. Iridomyrmex chasei 97. Iridomyrmex difficilis 98. Iridomyrmex discors 99. Iridomyrmex hartmeyeri 100. Iridomyrmex purpureus 101. Iridomyrmex roseatus 102. Iridomyrmex sp. 103. Isopedella saundersi 104. Isopedella tindalei 105. Lamponina elongata 106. Lamponina scutata 107. Lycosa australicola 108. Lycosa woonda

NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, and the Western Australian Museum.

Page 2 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 109. Masasteron piankai 110. Melophorus sp. 111. Meranoplus sp. 112. Merimna atrata 113. Minasteron minusculum 114. Molycria vokes 115. Monomorium sp. 116. Neostenus sp. 117. Nephila edulis 118. Odontomachus ruficeps 119. Odontomachus sp. 120. Orthetrum caledonicum 121. Pediana horni 122. Podomyrma sp. 123. Polyrhachis sp. 124. Rhytidoponera sp. 125. Storena sinuosa 126. Synothele meadhunteri 127. Tamopsis marri 128. Thereuopoda lesueurii 129. Trichocyclus arabana 130. Tumulitermes tumuli 131. Urodacus hoplurus 132. Venator yalkara 133. Wandella stuartensis Y 134. Wydundra kennedy 135. Wydundra uluru Mammal 136. 24086 Cercartetus concinnus (Western Pygmy-possum, Mundarda) 137. 30903 Dasycercus blythi (Brush-tailed Mulgara, Ampurta) P4 138. 24258 Equus caballus (Horse) Y 139. 24135 Macropus robustus subsp. erubescens (Euro, Biggada) 140. 24223 Mus musculus (House Mouse) Y 141. 24094 Ningaui ridei (Wongai Ningaui) 142. 24224 Notomys alexis (Spinifex Hopping-mouse) 143. 24229 Notomys mitchellii (Mitchell's Hopping-mouse) 144. 24085 Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) Y 145. 24103 Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis (Fat-tailed Pseudantechinus) 146. 24235 Pseudomys desertor (Desert Mouse) 147. 24237 Pseudomys hermannsburgensis (Sandy Inland Mouse) 148. 24243 Rattus fuscipes (Western Bush Rat) 149. 24109 Sminthopsis dolichura (Little long-tailed Dunnart) 150. 24114 Sminthopsis hirtipes (Hairy-footed Dunnart) 151. 24116 Sminthopsis macroura (Stripe-faced Dunnart) 152. 24117 Sminthopsis ooldea (Ooldea Dunnart) Reptile 153. 30833 Amphibolurus longirostris (Long-nosed Dragon) 154. 25319 Antaresia stimsoni subsp. orientalis (Stimson's Python) 155. 42374 Brachyurophis fasciolatus subsp. fasciatus (Narrow-banded Shovel-nosed Snake) 156. 42381 Brachyurophis semifasciatus (Southern Shovel-nosed Snake) 157. 25458 Ctenophorus caudicinctus (Ring-tailed Dragon) 158. 24867 Ctenophorus caudicinctus subsp. infans (Ring-tailed Dragon) 159. 24868 Ctenophorus clayi (Collared Dragon) 160. 24873 Ctenophorus fordi (Mallee Sand Dragon) 161. 25459 Ctenophorus isolepis (Crested Dragon, Military Dragon) 162. 24875 Ctenophorus isolepis subsp. gularis (Central Military Dragon) 163. 24882 Ctenophorus nuchalis (Central Netted Dragon) 164. 24884 Ctenophorus pictus (Painted Dragon) 165. 24886 Ctenophorus reticulatus (Western Netted Dragon) 166. 24889 Ctenophorus scutulatus (Lozenge-marked Dragon) 167. Ctenophorus sp. 168. 25025 Ctenotus ariadnae 169. 25461 Ctenotus brooksi 170. 25032 Ctenotus calurus 171. 25037 Ctenotus dux 172. 25041 Ctenotus grandis subsp. grandis 173. 25042 Ctenotus greeri 174. 25044 Ctenotus hanloni 175. 25045 Ctenotus helenae

NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, and the Western Australian Museum.

Page 3 Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 176. 25050 Ctenotus leae 177. 25052 Ctenotus leonhardii 178. 25057 Ctenotus nasutus 179. 25064 Ctenotus pantherinus subsp. ocellifer (Leopard Ctenotus) 180. 25062 Ctenotus piankai 181. 25066 Ctenotus quattuordecimlineatus 182. 25074 Ctenotus schomburgkii 183. 25090 Cyclodomorphus melanops subsp. melanops (Slender Blue-tongue) 184. 24997 Delma butleri 185. 25001 Delma nasuta 186. 25247 Demansia psammophis subsp. psammophis (Yellow-faced Whipsnake) 187. 24926 Diplodactylus conspicillatus (Fat-tailed Gecko) 188. 24940 Diplodactylus pulcher 189. 42401 Diporiphora paraconvergens (Grey-striped Western Desert Dragon) 190. 25109 Eremiascincus richardsonii (Broad-banded Sand Swimmer) 191. 24957 Gehyra purpurascens 192. 24959 Gehyra variegata 193. 24961 Heteronotia binoei (Bynoe's Gecko) 194. 25125 Lerista bipes 195. 25130 Lerista desertorum 196. Lerista sp. 197. 25005 Lialis burtonis 198. 41411 Liopholis inornata (Desert Skink) 199. 41417 Liopholis striata (Night Skink) 200. 41420 Lucasium bungabinna (Southern Sand Plain Gecko) 201. 30938 Lucasium damaeum 202. 30933 Lucasium stenodactylum 203. 25184 Menetia greyii 204. 24904 Moloch horridus (Thorny Devil) 205. 25190 Morethia butleri 206. 25248 Neelaps bimaculatus (Black-naped Snake) 207. 24966 Nephrurus laevissimus 208. 24971 Nephrurus vertebralis 209. 25254 Parasuta monachus 210. 24907 Pogona minor subsp. minor (Dwarf Bearded Dragon) 211. 25261 Pseudechis australis (Mulga Snake) 212. 42416 Pseudonaja mengdeni (Western Brown Snake) 213. 25263 Pseudonaja modesta (Ringed Brown Snake) 214. 25009 Pygopus nigriceps 215. 24982 Rhynchoedura ornata (Western Beaked Gecko) 216. 25305 Simoselaps anomalus (Desert Banded Snake) 217. 25266 Simoselaps bertholdi (Jan's Banded Snake) 218. 24924 Strophurus ciliaris subsp. aberrans 219. 24927 Strophurus elderi 220. 24931 Strophurus intermedius 221. 24946 Strophurus strophurus 222. 25269 Suta fasciata (Rosen's Snake) 223. 25202 Tiliqua multifasciata (Central Blue-tongue) 224. 25203 Tiliqua occipitalis (Western Bluetongue) 225. 30814 Tympanocryptis cephalus (Pebble Dragon) 226. 25210 Varanus brevicauda (Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor) 227. 25211 Varanus caudolineatus 228. 25212 Varanus eremius (Pygmy Desert Monitor) 229. 25216 Varanus giganteus (Perentie) 230. 25215 Varanus gilleni (Pygmy Mulga Monitor) 231. 25218 Varanus gouldii (Bungarra or Sand Monitor) 232. 25526 Varanus tristis (Racehorse Monitor)

Conservation Codes T - Rare or likely to become extinct X - Presumed extinct IA - Protected under international agreement S - Other specially protected fauna 1 - Priority 1 2 - Priority 2 3 - Priority 3 4 - Priority 4 5 - Priority 5

1 For NatureMap's purposes, species flagged as endemic are those whose records are wholely contained within the search area. Note that only those records complying with the search criterion are included in the calculation. For example, if you limit records to those from a specific datasource, only records from that datasource are used to determine if a species is restricted to the query area.

NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, and the Western Australian Museum.

Page 4 EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.

Report created: 04/12/15 17:14:00

Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements

Coordinates Buffer: 0.0Km Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.

World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Importance: None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: None Listed Threatened Species: 4 Listed Migratory Species: 5

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.

Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 5 Whales and Other Cetaceans: None Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Commonwealth Reserves Marine: None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

State and Territory Reserves: None Regional Forest Agreements: None Invasive Species: 5 Nationally Important Wetlands: None Key Ecological Features (Marine) None Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance

Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl [934] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Polytelis alexandrae Princess Parrot, Alexandra's Parrot [758] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Mammals Sminthopsis psammophila Sandhill Dunnart [291] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Reptiles Liopholis kintorei Great Desert Skink, Tjakura, Warrarna, Mulyamiji Vulnerable Species or species habitat [83160] may occur within area

Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Terrestrial Species Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Migratory Wetlands Species Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel [882] Species or species habitat may occur within area Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel [882] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Extra Information Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.

Name Status Type of Presence Mammals Camelus dromedarius Dromedary, Camel [7] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Felis catus Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mus musculus House Mouse [120] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European Rabbit [128] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox, Fox [18] Species or species Name Status Type of Presence habitat likely to occur within area Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report. This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritage properties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

For species where the distributions are well known, maps are digitised from sources such as recovery plans and detailed habitat studies. Where appropriate, core breeding, foraging and roosting areas are indicated under 'type of presence'. For species whose distributions are less well known, point locations are collated from government wildlife authorities, museums, and non-government organisations; bioclimatic distribution models are generated and these validated by experts. In some cases, the distribution maps are based solely on expert knowledge.

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database: - threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Coordinates

-28.054 123.72496 Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales -Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia -Parks and Wildlife Commission NT, Northern Territory Government -Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland -Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia -Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT -Birdlife Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -South Australian Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Atherton and Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence Forestry Corporation, NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Other groups and individuals

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111 GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

APPENDIX D

SIGNIFICANT SPECIES PROFILES GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Buff-snouted Blind Snake Anilios margaretae

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Priority 2 by DPaW. Limited number of records. Original specimen was collected at Lake Throssel in 1962 (~77 km north east of Gruyere). Since this time it has been recorded at two other locations in WA, these being Neale Junction Nature Reserve (~200Km south east - 2008) and south of Neale Junction Nature Reserve (~ 200k south south east – 2011) (DPaW 2015b), and twice in South Australia over 700 km away (Maralinga – 2010 and Oak Valley School – 2012) (Atlas of Living Things 2015), indicating a wide distribution across the Great Victoria Desert. Not recorded during Level 2 fauna surveys at Yamarna (KLA 2012) or Gruyere (Rapallo 2015).

Habitat: Recorded in playa and sheoak (Casuarina cristata) habitat associated with Lake Throssell while to the south the blind snake was recorded in Acacia shrublands on the border of tree and shrub steppe between sandhills and sandplains (MBS 2014). Like other blind snakes this is a burrowing worm-like snake that feeds mostly on the larvae and pupae of ants and termites.

Likely presence in survey area: The status of this species in the survey area is difficult to determine. Given suitable habitat (i.e. sand dunes and sand plains) occurs its presence cannot be discounted despite not being recorded during previously fauna surveys nearby and in the wider area (ecologia 2009, KLA 2012, KEC 2014 and Rapallo 2015). While there are limited records for this species, it appears to have a wide distribution across the Great Victoria Desert. The lack of records could be attributed to the areas remoteness and the secretive habits of blind snakes and it may in fact be more common than records indicate.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains and sand dunes (4,791 ha - ~80.1% of total area).

Great Desert Skink Liopholis kintorei

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Schedule 3 under the WC Act and as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act. The species appears to have occurred in widespread, but connected, populations in the past in the Great Sandy, Gibson, Great Victoria and Tanami Deserts in the eastern interior of WA and adjacent areas in south-western NT and northwestern SA.

The reported distribution consists of but is not limited to seven isolated populations. Three populations occur in WA at Patjarr (population estimated to be less than 2500 individuals), near the Kiwirrkura community, including the vicinity of Lake Mackay (<500 individuals), and in Rudal River NP (unknown population size). Populations also occur in the NT in the Tanami Desert, including Rabbit Flat, Sangster's Bore, The Granites and near Kintore, (< 2250 individuals); in Uluru - Kata Tjuta NP including part of the Yulara borefields (< 500 individuals); and in the Yulara lease GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

lands including part of the Yulara borefields (< 350 individuals). Only one population is known to persist in SA, near Watarru on the Anangu-Pitjantjatjara Lands (< 50 individuals) (McAlpin 2001).

Habitat: Arid sand flats and clay based loamy soils vegetated with spinifex (Wilson and Swan 2013). The species generally occurs on red sandplains and sand ridges (Cogger et al. 1993). Populations in the Gibson Desert occur on sandplains with a surface cover of fine gravel (Pearson et al. 2001). Vegetation usually consists of hummock grassland (Triodia basedowii, T. pungens and T. schinzii), with some scattered shrubs and occasional trees (e.g. Acacia spp., Eucalyptus spp., Hakea spp., Grevillea spp. and Allocasuarina decaisneana) (Cogger et al. 1993, McAlpin 2001).

Likely presence in survey area: No evidence of the distinctive burrows or associated scat latrines made by this species were observed during the field survey or during more detailed fauna surveys nearby or in the wider area (ecologia 2009, KLA 2012, KEC 2014 and Rapallo 2015).

Habitat in some sections of the survey area does appear superficially suitable (sand plains and sand dunes vegetated with spinifex) and the site falls within the historical range of the species but a lack of actual records from the immediate vicinity suggest the probability of the species being present is very low.

Closest DPaW records are from ~100 west of Laverton in 1967 and south of Warburton (275 km north east of Gruyere) in 1963. The closest, more recent records are from the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve (370 km north, north east of Gruyere) in 1997 (DPaW 2015b). Available evidence therefore suggests this species is locally extinct despite the presence of apparently suitable habitat.

Not considered a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains and sand dunes (4,791 ha - ~80.1% of total area).

Woma Aspidites ramsayi

Status and Distribution: The south western population is classified as Priority 1 by DPaW. The species as a whole is known from four potentially disjunct populations - Southwestern: Yuna, Wialki & Menzies south to Boddington; Narembeen & Marvel Loch and east to western edge of Nullarbor Plain. Peron Peninsula. Arid northwestern: of Eighty-Mile Beach, west to Mundabullangana. Central: Tanami Desert in WA & arid E Australia. Womas were formally abundant in southwestern sandplain habitats, but the few more recent records come from widely scattered localities in the wheatbelt and are old adults (Storr et al. 2002). GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Habitat: Woodlands, heaths and shrublands, often with spinifex (Wilson and Swan 2013). A nocturnal, terrestrial snake which shelters in hollow logs, animal burrows or thick herbage during the day. Feeds on small mammals, ground birds and reptiles (Cogger 2014). The Woma occurs in a variety of arid sandplain habitats including desert sandplain and dune systems and is strongly associated with red desert sandplains supporting spinifex hummock grasslands (Maryan 2002).

Likely presence in survey area: Outside current documented range. Closest DPaW are from Kookynie and Kitchener, well away from the survey area (DPaW 2015b). Not recorded during any recent surveys at or near Laverton, Yamarna or Tropicana (ecologia 2009, TE 2011, KLA 2012, KEC 2014 and Rapallo 2015). Yilka Traditional Owners (Harvey Murray (HM) and Harvey Murry (HJ)) recently stated that they have never seen this species in this area. Available evidence therefore suggests this species is locally extinct despite the presence of apparently suitable habitat.

Not considered a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains and sand dunes (4,791 ha - ~80.1% of total area).

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Schedule 3 under the WC Act and as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act. Originally common, but now generally rare to uncommon and patchily distributed.

Current distribution mainly southern arid and semi-arid zones, north to Shark Bay, Jingemarra, Colga Downs and Yeelirrie, east to Earnest Giles Range, Yeo Lake, lower Ponton Creek and to Eucla and west and south to Cockleshell Gully, the Wongan Hills, Stirling Range, Beaufort Inlet, Hatters Hill, Mt Ragged and Point Malcolm (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Habitat: Mainly scrubs and thickets of mallee Eucalyptus spp., boree Melaleuca lanceolata and bowgada Acacia linophylla, dense litter forming shrublands and dense mulga woodland.

Likely presence in survey area: No evidence of this species (individuals, foot prints, feathers or recent/old nest mounds) was observed during the survey period. Habitat appears unsuitable or at best marginal within much of the area surveyed primarily due to the generally sparse nature of the vegetation, recent fires and/or a lack of leaf litter.

Individual malleefowl have very occasionally been observed in the general vicinity of Yamarna (pers. comms. “Driller” and TOs) but no recent active or inactive mounds have ever been recorded despite several fauna and flora surveys over significant GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

areas of land associated with the proposed mining operations. This would suggest that the habitats present are unsuitable for breeding and that the observations made are of transient individuals.

A single old abandoned nest mound has previously been observed within the Yamarna Project area several years ago (pers. comm. Jim Williams) though its actual age and exact location are unclear.

Malleefowl and malleefowl mounds have also been recorded further south at Tropicana and at the eastern end of Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014).

At this stage listed as a potential species due to possibility for occasional transient individuals to occur but considered unlikely to breed in the survey area.

Great Egret Ardea alba

Status and Distribution: This species of egret is listed as Schedule 5 under the WC Act and as Migratory under the EPBC Act including international agreements to which Australia is a signatory. The great egret is common and very widespread in any suitable permanent or temporary habitat (Morcombe 2004).

Habitat: Wetlands, flooded pasture, dams, estuarine mudflats, mangroves and reefs (Morcombe 2004).

Likely presence in survey area: Very rarely recorded in this general area. Suitable habitat limited to depressions when inundated.

Not listed as a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Drainage depressions and closed depressions when inundated (429 ha - ~7.1% of total area). Most habitat does however appear marginal in quality at best.

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Schedule 7 under the WC Act. Individuals of this species are uncommon/rare but wide ranging across Australia. Moderately common at higher levels of the Stirling Range, uncommon in hilly, north west Kimberley, Hamersley and Darling Ranges; rare or scarce elsewhere (Johnstone and Storr 1998). GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Habitat: Diverse from rainforest to arid shrublands, from coastal heath to alpine (Morcombe 2004). Mainly about cliffs along coasts, rivers and ranges and about wooded watercourses and lakes (Johnstone and Storr 1998). The species utilises the ledges, cliff faces and large hollows/broken spouts of trees for nesting. It will also occasionally use the abandoned nests of other birds of prey. Also known to utilise decommissioned open cut pit walls for nesting.

Likely presence in survey area: The species potentially utilises some sections of the survey area as part of a much larger home range for foraging purposes only. Would only be represented by a very small number of individuals for limited periods. Previously recorded at Tropicana (ecologia 2009).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat - sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat - Large trees with open spouts suitable for nesting or abandoned bird of prey nests – total number unknown, but none observed during field survey.

Grey Falcon Falco hypoleucos

Status and Distribution: Listed as Schedule 3 under the WC Act. Within WA found in the northern half south to about 26°S (Gascoyne, Lake Carnegie and Warburton), casual further south (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Habitat: Lightly treed plains, gibber deserts, sand ridges, pastoral lands, timbered water courses but seldom in driest deserts (Pizzey & Knight 2012). It has a distribution centred around ephemeral or permanent drainage lines, utilising old nests of other bird species situated in the tallest trees along the river systems (Garnett and Crowley 2000).

Likely presence in survey area: The survey area is just outside this species current main documented range though it has been recorded near Murrin Murrin and near Salt Creek (60 km south-east of Tropicana). This paucity of previous records and the lack of tree-lined watercourses within the survey area itself would suggest that grey falcons would only occur as nonbreeding, irregular visitors.

May occur very occasionally but not listed as a potential species.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat - sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). No suitable breeding habitat apparent. GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Oriental Plover Charadis veredus

Status and Distribution: The oriental plover is listed as Schedule 5 under the WC Act and as Migratory under the EPBC Act including international agreements to which Australia is a signatory. Breeds in Mongolia and Manchuria – regular summer migrant to Australia (September to March) (Pizzey & Knight 2012). Kimberley, north western interior (Lake Gregory) and north west coastal plains (south to tropic); casual or vagrant elsewhere VRXWKWRrಬ6 -RKQVWRQHDQG6WRUU

Habitat: Mainly sparsely vegetated plains including samphire and short grasses flats. Also beaches, tidal flats, salt works and sewage ponds (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Likely presence in survey area: This species would only occur in the general area as a casual/vagrant on very rare occasions at best.

Not listed as a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Closed depressions (with chenopods) (76 ha - ~1.3 % of total area). Habitat does however appear marginal in quality at best.

Princess Parrot Polytelis alexandrae

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Priority 4 by the DPaW and as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act. Rare, highly nomadic (Pizzey & Knight 2012). Found in the eastern deserts north to the Edgar Ranges, west to the Gregory Range, Well 18, Mt Bates, Lake Throssell and Mt Luck and south to Queen Victoria Spring and Carlisle Lakes, casual further north (Fossil Downs, Bohemia Downs) and west (head of Gascoyne, head of the Murchison, Wiluna, Wanjarri, Sandstone, Laverton, Kookynie, Menzies, Kanowna). Also deserts of eastern Australia (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Habitat: Arid shrubland, particularly mulga, Desert Oak and Spinifex country including trees along watercourses (Simpson and Day 2010). The princess parrot inhabits sand dunes and sand flats supporting open woodlands and shrublands that usually consist of scattered stands of Eucalyptus (including E. gongylocarpa and mallee species), Casuarina or Allocasuarina trees and an understorey of shrubs such as Acacia (especially A. aneura), Senna, Eremophila, Grevillea, Hakea and a ground cover dominated by Triodia species (DotE 2013).

Likely presence in survey area: The species may frequent the survey area at times, but given it is highly nomadic, its frequency of occurrence would be very low and generally temporary. Areas containing Euclayptus gongylocarpa woodland are of GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

most significance as they have the potential to contain larger trees with hollows that may represent potential breeding habitat.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat – Vegetated sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat - Large trees with hollows suitable for nesting – total number, if any, unknown.

Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Schedule 1 under the WC Act and as Endangered under the EPBC Act. Historical evidence indicates that night parrots were distributed over much of semi-arid and arid Australia (Garnett and Crowley 2000). Extremely secretive and hard to flush, in WA there are only three accepted records of night parrots since 1935, all from the Pilbara region (1979, 1980 and 2005; DotE 2015). The most recent record is from Minga Well (35 km north east of Marillana) during a fauna survey at Fortescue Metals Group’s Cloudbreak lease (Bamford 2005).

Habitat: Preferred habitat is thought to be spinifex grasslands or samphire and chenopod shrublands on claypans, floodplains or the margins of salt lakes, creeks or other water bodies (Johnstone and Storr 1998; Higgins 1999; DotE 2015).

Likely presence in survey area: There are no recent records of this species in the area and it is generally accepted as being locally and possibly regionally extinct despite the presence of apparently suitable habitat.

Not listed as a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Vegetated sand plains, closed depression (with chenopods) (4,615 ha – 77.2 % of total area).

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus

Status and Distribution: The fork-tailed swift is listed as Schedule 5 under the WC Act and as Migratory under the EPBC Act including international agreements to which Australia is a signatory. It is a summer migrant (Oct-Apr) to Australia (Morcombe 2004).

Habitat: Low to very high airspace over varied habitat from rainforest to semi desert (Morcombe 2004).

Likely presence in survey area: It is potentially a very occasional summer visitor to the survey area but is entirely aerial and largely independent of terrestrial habitats. GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Not listed as a potential species given it would only occur very rarely and then only for short periods.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Foraging habitat – almost totally aerial and therefore any section of the survey area - sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Breeding habitat – absent (0%).

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus

Status and Distribution: This species is listed as Schedule 5 under the WC Act and as Migratory under the EPBC Act including international agreements to which Australia is a signatory. The rainbow bee-eater is a common summer migrant to southern Australia but in the north they are resident (Morcombe 2004).

Habitat: Open country, of woodlands, open forest, semi arid scrub, grasslands, clearings in heavier forest, farmlands (Morcombe 2004). Breeds underground in areas of suitable soft soil firm enough to support tunnel building. Nest is a burrow usually dug at a slight angle in flat ground, sometimes into sandy banks or cuttings and often on margins of roads and tracks (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Likely presence in survey area: Observed/heard on several occasions during survey period. The rainbow bee-eater is a very common and widespread seasonal visitor to the southern half of WA and would not be specifically attracted to the site. Some potential for the species to breed in some sections of the survey area where ground conditions are suitable. Population levels would however not be significant as it usually breeds in pairs and rarely in small colonies (Johnstone and Storr, 1998).

Striated Grasswren (sandplain) Amytornis striatus striatus

Status and Distribution: This sub-species is listed as Priority 4 by DPaW. Found in the eastern deserts between lats.20° and 28°39'S (north to Sahara Track and Well 48 and including much of Great Sandy, Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts), west to Erliston and south to 39 km ENE of Laverton, 27 km S of Neale Junction and the Serpentine Lakes, with an apparently isolated population between Meekatharra and Wiluna and another near Queen Victoria Spring (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Habitat: Mainly spinifex, with or without low shrubs (especially Thryptomene maisonneuvei) and herbage, on sandy or loamy plains; also bushy acacias GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

(especially A. ligulata and A. aneura) on sandridges and interdunes, usually with spinifex (Johnstone and Storr 1998).

Likely presence in survey area: Not observed during the field survey or during any other recent survey at Yamarna however there is a NatureMap record along the Anne Beadell Highway just east of the borefield survey area made in the year 2000 (DPaW 2015b) and therefore it is considered to be a potential species where suitable habitat occurs. This species has also been recorded recently much further south at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains and sand loam plains (5,047 ha – 84.4% of total area).

Thick-billed Grass-wren (western ssp) Amytornis textilis textilis

Status and Distribution: Listed as Priority 4 by DPaW. Historically, the 'western' thick-billed grasswren was found in the Shark Bay area, including Peron Peninsula and Dirk Hartog Island, at Wongan Hills, east of Broomehill, between Beverley and Narembeen, Mt Magnet, Lake Austin, Lake Way and Lake Violet, Yalgoo, Kalgoorlie and Laverton. There is some doubt as to the extent of the thick-billed grasswren’s former distribution over the Nullarbor Plain. Currently restricted to the Shark Bay region including Peron Peninsula and the nearby pastoral stations of Nanga, Hamelin, Woodleigh and Carbla (Cale 2000).

Habitat: Occurs in acacia-dominated shrublands, dense shrub associations in drainage depressions, and Triodia spinifex with acacia shrubland components. All these habitats feature recumbent shrubs where the foliage extends to the ground. In acacia-dominated shrublands, shrub clumps of high foliage density appear important determinants of thick-billed grasswren presence. These shrub clumps may provide the thick-billed grasswren with ideal nesting sites (Cale 2000).

Likely presence in survey area: This species has not been recorded in this general area for over 100 years and is therefore considered to be locally and regionally extinct despite the presence of some apparently suitable habitat (shrublands).

Not considered a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Densely vegetated sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Many areas may however be marginal due to lack of dense shrubs. GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea

Status and Distribution: The grey wagtail is listed as Schedule 5 under the WC Act and as Migratory under the EPBC Act including international agreements to which Australia is a signatory. A rarely recorded, accidental vagrant that has on a few occasions been recorded on widely separated parts of the Australian coastline (Pizzey & Knight 2012).

Habitat: In Australia, near running water in disused quarries, sandy, rocky streams in escarpments and rainforest, sewerage ponds, ploughed fields and airfields (Pizzey & Knight 2012).

Likely presence in survey area: This species preferred habitat is absent from the survey area and under normal circumstances it would not occur.

Not listed as a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: No habitat suitable for this species to utilise appears to be present.

Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava

Status and Distribution: The yellow wagtail is listed as Schedule 5 under the WC Act and as Migratory under the EPBC Act including international agreements to which Australia is a signatory. A regular summer migrant to mostly coastal northern Australia, vagrant in southern Australia (Pizzey & Knight 2012).

Habitat: Habitat requirements for the yellow wagtail are highly variable, but typically include open grassy flats near water. Habitats include open areas with low vegetation such as grasslands, airstrips, pastures, sports fields; damp open areas such as muddy or grassy edges of wetlands, rivers, irrigated farmland, dams, waterholes; sewage farms, sometimes utilise tidal mudflats and edges of mangroves (Pizzey & Knight 2012).

Likely presence in survey area: This species preferred habitat is absent from the survey area and under normal circumstances it would not occur.

Not listed as a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: No habitat suitable for this species to utilise appears to be present.

Brush-tailed Mulgara Dasycercus blythi

Status and Distribution: Listed as Priority 4 by the DPaW. Because most previous records did not distinguish among the two species of mulgara now recognised (i.e. GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

brush-tailed and crest-tailed), there is some ambiguity about the distribution of both species. Widespread but patchy in sandy regions of arid central Australia and WA. Has declined in the south and east of range (Menkhorst & Knight 2011).

Habitat: The brush-tailed mulgara occur in a range of vegetation types including hummock grass plains, sand ridges, mulga shrubland on loamy sand, however, the principal habitat is mature hummock grasslands of spinifex, especially Triodia basedowii and T. pungens where it lives in burrows that it digs on the flats between low sand dunes (Van Dyck & Strahan 2008). The location of brush-tailed mulgara colonies may be influenced by the presence of better watered areas such as paleo- drainage systems or drainage lines in sand plain or sand dune habitats (Masters et al. 2003).

Likely presence in survey area: There is a paucity of records of this species in the area and no evidence of its presence was observed during the field survey or any previous survey at Yamarna including those where trapping has been employed (KLA 2012 and Rapallo 2015). The current status in the survey area is therefore difficult to determine. The most recent nearby records are just south west of Yamarna from 1990 (DPaW 2015) and it was also recorded at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014). This information coupled with the fact that habitat in some sections of the survey area appears suitable (e.g. sand plains, sand ridges, Acacia shrubland on loamy sand) suggests that the species may be present in some areas.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains and sand loam plains (5,047 ha – 84.4% of total area).

Southern Marsupial Mole Notoryctes typhlops

Status and Distribution: Listed as Priority 4 by the DPaW. It should also be noted that the conservation status of the southern marsupial mole has very recently been downgraded at a state level and federal level from Endangered (a threatened species considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild) to Priority 4 (rare, near threatened or other species in need of monitoring) (DPaW 2015a). The downgrading is presumably in response to a recommendation made in the recently published Action Plan for Australian Mammals (Woinarski et al. 2014) where the species is rated as “least concern” and a recommendation made for its Endangered status to be “downlisted to a lower category”. This recommendation was justified by “recent surveys using novel techniques having shown the species to be widespread and relatively common”.

The southern marsupial mole is widely distributed throughout the arid areas of central Australia, mainly in the central deserts of the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia (Burbidge et al. 1988). These regions include the GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

Great Sandy, Little Sandy, Gibson, Tanami, Great Victoria and western Simpson Deserts. Recent survey work suggests they are more widespread and common than currently suspected (Van Dyck & Strahan 2008).

Habitat: Deep loose sand appears to be a requirement for the southern marsupial mole and the species is most often recorded in sandy dunes with various Acacias and other shrubs (Corbett 1975, Johnson & Walton 1989). Such habitat is widespread and typical of the sandy deserts. The southern marsupial mole may also occur in some sandy plains, and might also occupy sandy river flats, especially in areas where aeolian dunes also occur (Benshemesh 2004).

Likely presence in survey area: The distinctive backfilled burrows of this species were found in the walls of a temporary holding dam constructed on a sand dune in the extreme northern section of the proposed Yeo Borefield, north of the Great Central Road (Figure 2), confirming this species presence at this particular area. This area of dunes appears to be separate from those in other sections of Yamarna (e.g. Gruyere mine area) where no evidence of the species has been found despite targeted searches (i.e. trenches and examination of large cutting in dunes) (Harewood 2015a).

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand dunes in the northern section of western borefield, mainly north of the Great Central Road (33 ha – ~0.6% of total area).

Sandhill Dunnart Sminthopsis psammophila

Status and Distribution: The sandhill dunnart is listed as Schedule 2 under the WC Act and as Endangered under the EPBC Act. The species is known from a limited number of locations including southern Northern Territory, South West Great Victoria Desert (Including Queen Victoria Springs Nature Reserve), Yellabinna sand dunes in Central South Australia and the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia (Menkhorst and Knight 2011). In Western Australia the species appears to be restricted to the south western fringe of the Great Victoria Desert inhabiting yellow sand dune systems with long unburnt mature hummock grasslands (Triodia sp.) and often in association with Mallee or Marble Gum, Callitris and an associated complex shrub understorey (GHD 2010, Churchill 2009, DPaW 2015b).

Sandhill dunnarts in Western Australia have been captured in Queen Victoria Springs, (Pearson and Robinson, 1990) and near Mulga Rock in the Great Victoria Desert (Hart and Kitchener 1986) and in the Plumridge Nature Reserve (ecologia 2009). The sandhill dunnart has also recently been recorded at several locations along the Tropicana to Sunrise Dam pipeline route (KEC 2014).

Habitat: A variety of sandy habitats usually with sand dunes and an understorey of Triodea spp. hummock grass. Overstorey vegetation can vary but in Great Victoria GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

region most often associated with low open Eucalyptus and Callitris woodlands (Van Dyck & Strahan 2008). Low parallel sand dunes carrying open woodland with diverse low shrub layer and hummock grass (Menkhorst and Knight 2011). Long unburnt spinifex sandplain between yellow sand dunes (KEC 2014).

Likely presence in survey area: No evidence of this species presence was observed during the field survey or any previous survey at Yamarna including those where trapping has been employed (KLA 2012 and Rapallo 2015). This species optimum habitat in the Great Victoria Desert area is yellow sand dune systems with long unburnt mature hummock grasslands (Triodia sp.). This habitat is appears to be absent from the survey area and therefore it is not considered a potential species.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: No suitable habitat (yellow sand dune systems with long unburnt mature hummock grasslands (Triodia sp.)) for this species appears to be present.

Bilby Macrotis lagotis

Status and Distribution: The bilby is listed as Schedule 3 under the WC Act and as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act. Current known distribution in suitable habitat extends from Tanami Desert west to near Broome and south to Warburton. Former distribution extended south to Margaret River, though apparently absent from coastal plain (Burbidge 2004).

Habitat: Current habitat includes Acacia shrublands, spinifex and hummock grassland (Menkhorst and Knight 2011). Mitchell grass and stony downs country if cracking clay, also desert sand plains and dune fields sometimes with spinifex hummock grassland and acacia shrubland (Van Dyck et al. 2013).

Likely presence in survey area: Not recorded during any recent surveys at or near Laverton, Yamarna or Tropicana (ecologia 2009, TE 2011, KLA 2012, KEC 2014 and Rapallo 2015) and all available evidence suggests this species is locally extinct despite the presence of apparently suitable habitat.

Not listed as a potential species based on currently available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, quartz rocky plains, clay loam plains, sand loam plains and drainage depressions (5,717 ha - ~95.6% of total area).

Central Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus major tor

Status and Distribution: Listed as Priority 4 by DPaW. Historical distribution included the Coolgardie, Hampton and northern Avon Bioregions in Western Australia, Gawler Bioregion and western part of the ‘Eyre and York Blocks’ Bioregion GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

in South Australia. A specimen from Ooldea in the Great Victoria Desert Bioregion of South Australia. One other specimen from a car grill after a night-time drive from Marla (Stony Plains Bioregion of SA) to Alice Springs in the Northern Territory via the Stuart Highway in c.1985. No historical data on abundance.

Up until last decade this species was only known from 15 localities in Western Australia and 19 in South Australia. No evidence that range has contracted, but it is apparently rare in Great Victoria Desert, Nullarbor and Stony Plains Bioregions while it is locally common in Coolgardie, Hampton, Gawler and western Eyre-York Block Bioregions (Duncan et al. (ed) 1999).

Habitat: Gleans ground, bark and foliage surfaces; forages in and against cluttered airspaces. The species is often netted, and sometimes caught in pit traps, in heavy eucalypt woodlands and tall woodlands of the Coolgardie Bioregion of Western Australia with a tall shrub understorey of Melaleuca lanceolata, M. pauperiflora, M. quadrifaria, Eremophila spp. etc. Less common in open woodlands. Has been netted at dams in the Coolgardie and Hampton Bioregions of Western Australia while in South Australia has been associated with a range of mallee (Eucalyptus) species, Acacia papyrocarpa, A. ramulosa, Casuarina cristata and found to the fringes of the treeless Nullarbor Plain (Duncan et al (ed) 1999). Roosts in tree cavities, in foliage and under loose bark (Churchill 2008).

Likely presence in survey area: Possibly recorded within the Gruyere Project area but the calls of a closely related species could not be separated in this instance (Rapallo 2015). Recorded at Tropicana (ecologica 2009) but not further west or north west (TE 2011, KEC 2014) despite the presence of apparently suitable habitat.

Some doubt about this species status in the area but not listed as a potential species based on available information.

Extent of potential habitat within the survey area: Sand plains, sand dunes, clay loam plains, sand loam plains, closed depressions, drainage depressions and quartz rocky plains (5,983 ha – 100% of total area). Requires tree hollows, foliage and loose bark for roosting (Churchill 2008) microhabitats that maybe absent from some areas. GRUYERE BOREFIELD PROJECT –– GOLD ROAD RESOURCES LTD – FAUNA ASSESSMENT (L1) – JAN 2016 – V3

DISCLAIMER

This fauna assessment report (“the report”) has been prepared in accordance with the scope of services set out in the contract, or as otherwise agreed, between the Client and Greg Harewood (“the Author”). In some circumstances the scope of services may have been limited by a range of factors such as time, budget, access and/or site disturbance constraints. In accordance with the scope of services, the Author has relied upon the data and has conducted environmental field monitoring and/or testing in the preparation of the report. The nature and extent of monitoring and/or testing conducted is described in the report.

The conclusions are based upon field data and the environmental monitoring and/or testing carried out over a limited period of time and are therefore merely indicative of the environmental condition of the site at the time of preparing the report. Also it should be recognised that site conditions, can change with time.

Within the limitations imposed by the scope of services, the field assessment and preparation of this report have been undertaken and performed in a professional manner, in accordance with generally accepted practices and using a degree of skill and care ordinarily exercised by reputable environmental consultants under similar circumstances. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.

In preparing the report, the Author has relied upon data, surveys, analyses, designs, plans and other information provided by the Client and other individuals and organisations, most of which are referred to in the report (“the data”). Except as otherwise stated in the report, the Author has not verified the accuracy of completeness of the data. To the extent that the statements, opinions, facts, information, conclusions and/or recommendations in the report (“conclusions”) are based in whole or part on the data, those conclusions are contingent upon the accuracy and completeness of the data. The Author will not be liable in relation to incorrect conclusions should any data, information or condition be incorrect or have been concealed, withheld, misrepresented or otherwise not fully disclosed to the Author.

The report has been prepared for the benefit of the Client and no other party. The Author assumes no responsibility and will not be liable to any other person or organisation for or in relation to any matter dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report, or for any loss or damage suffered by any other person or organisation arising from matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report (including without limitation matters arising from any negligent act or omission of the Author or for any loss or damage suffered by any other party relying upon the matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report). Other parties should not rely upon the report or the accuracy or completeness of any conclusions and should make their own enquiries and obtain independent advice in relation to such matters.

The Author will not be liable to update or revise the report to take into account any events or emergent circumstances or facts occurring or becoming apparent after the date of the report.