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En Fri Arbetstagare I Det Internationella Transfersystemet Inom EU?

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En Fri Arbetstagare I Det Internationella Transfersystemet Inom EU? Juridiska Institutionen Programmet för juris kandidatexamen Tillämpade studier 30 poäng Höstterminen 2008 Den svenska elitfotbollsspelaren - en fri arbetstagare i det internationella transfersystemet inom EU? – Särskilt om förtida uppsägning av anställningsavtal. Författare: Elin Snögren Johansson Handledare: Mats Glavå Ämne: Arbetsrätt och EG-rätt Förord Inför att jag skulle börja skriva mitt examensarbete hade jag hört en del negativa upplevelser om den tid som väntade. För mig har det snarare varit en positiv erfarenhet där jag med tiden känt att intresset för ämnet har ökat desto mer förståelse och kunskap jag fått. Detta tror jag beror på att jag, till skillnad mot vissa andra, funnit ett ämne som verkligen intresserar mig och som jag känt spänning inför att upptäcka. Att hitta ett uppsatsämne som skapar en stor entusiasm är nog svårt, men jag har lyckats med det. Jag har länge haft ett stort intresse för sport och arbetsrätt samt EG-rätt var ämnen under utbildningen som föll mig i smaken. Att jag i framtiden kommer få möjligheten att till viss del arbeta med idrottsrelaterad juridik betyder att min dröm gått i uppfyllelse och förhoppningsvis kommer jag ha stor nytta av den kunskap jag skaffat mig genom uppsatsen. Tack till Bo Carlsson (professor i rättssociologi och idrottsvetenskap vid Malmö Högskola) och Bill Sund (professor i arbetsmarknadskunskap på institutet för social forskning (SOFI) vid Stockholms Universitet) för tips om relevant material och litteratur. Tack även till Erik Zachrisson på fackförbundet Unionen i Stockholm för att jag fick komma på besök och diskutera min uppsats. Tack också till min handledare Mats Glavå för värdefulla och vägledande synpunkter på uppsatsen. MAQS Law Firm Advokatbyrå AB vill jag också tacka för att ni underlättat mitt skrivande genom utlåning av arbetsplats samt bibliotek och för värdefullt kunnande. Särskilt tack till Carl Fhager på MAQS för inspiration till uppsatsämne samt Håkan Sandberg på MAQS för givande diskussioner. Ett speciellt tack också till Mikael Kowal på MAQS för att du under utbildningen har motiverat och inspirerat mig till att sikta dit jag hamnat idag och för att du nu i slutändan hjälpt mig med betydelsefull information till uppsatsen. Mina vänner Anna Grandin och Sofie Spetz förtjänar också ett tack eftersom de tagit sig tid att läsa igenom arbetet och kommit med ovärderliga synpunkter. Tack också mor och far för alla former av stöd under min utbildning. Tack alla, jag hade inte klarat det utan er. Göteborg i februari 2009 Elin Snögren Johansson 2 INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING SAMMANFATTNING....................................................................................................................................6 FÖRKORTNINGAR.......................................................................................................................................7 1. INLEDNING ...............................................................................................................................................8 1.1 SYFTE OCH FRÅGESTÄLLNINGAR ..............................................................................................................8 1.2 AVGRÄNSNINGAR OCH BEGREPP ...............................................................................................................9 1.3 METOD, MATERIAL OCH DISPOSITION......................................................................................................10 2. UTVECKLINGEN AV FOTBOLLENS TRANSFERSYSTEM ..............................................................12 2.1 INLEDNING ............................................................................................................................................12 2.2 TRANSFERSYSTEMETS UTVECKLING I ENGLAND......................................................................................12 2.2.1 Easthamdomen..............................................................................................................................13 2.2.2 Ett nytt transfersystem ...................................................................................................................13 2.3 DAGENS TRANSFERSYSTEM ....................................................................................................................14 3. FOTBOLLENS ORGANISATION OCH ARBETSMARKNADSSYSTEM ...........................................14 3.1 INLEDNING ............................................................................................................................................14 3.2 EN INTERNATIONELL ORGANISATION ......................................................................................................15 3.3 FOTBOLLENS TVISTELÖSNING.................................................................................................................16 3.4 AKTÖRERNA PÅ FOTBOLLENS ARBETSMARKNAD .....................................................................................17 3.4.1 Arbetsförmedlingen/Uthyrningsföretaget - Agenten........................................................................17 3.4.2 Den fackliga organisationen - SFS.................................................................................................18 3.4.3 Arbetstagaren - Fotbollsspelaren...................................................................................................18 3.4.4 Arbetsgivaren - Klubben................................................................................................................19 3.4.4.1 Svensk elitfotboll (SEF) ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.4.4.2 G14 ....................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4.4.3 The Association of European Professional Football Leagues (EPFL) ....................................................... 19 3.5 LIKHETER OCH SKILLNADER JÄMFÖRT MED DEN REGULJÄRA ARBETSMARKNADEN ...................................19 3.5.1 Likheter.........................................................................................................................................19 3.5.2 Skillnader......................................................................................................................................20 3.5.2.1 Fotbollens självständighet....................................................................................................................... 20 3.5.2.2 Fotbollens internationella inslag ............................................................................................................. 21 3.5.2.3 Fotbollens paternalism och samverkansideologi ...................................................................................... 21 3.5.2.4 Spelaragenterna...................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.2.5 Spelarfacket........................................................................................................................................... 22 3.5.3 Varför finns likheter och särarter?.................................................................................................22 4. DEN FRIA RÖRLIGHETEN OCH FOTBOLLENS TRANSFERSYSTEM ..........................................23 4.1 INLEDNING ............................................................................................................................................23 4.2 EG-RÄTTENS FRIA RÖRLIGHET FÖR ARBETSTAGARE ................................................................................24 4.3 RÄTTFÄRDIGANDEGRUNDER FÖR INSKRÄNKNINGAR I DEN FRIA RÖRLIGHETEN .........................................25 4.4 EU:S INTÅG PÅ IDROTTENS OMRÅDE .......................................................................................................26 4.4.1 Walrave och Koch mål C-36/74 .....................................................................................................26 4.4.2 Donà mål C-13/76.........................................................................................................................27 4.4.3 Resolutioner och rapporter............................................................................................................27 4.4.4 Bosman mål C-415/93 ...................................................................................................................29 4.4.4.1 Sakomständigheter................................................................................................................................. 29 4.4.4.2 Generaladvokaten Lenz förslag till dom................................................................................................. 29 4.4.4.3 Domen................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.4.4.3.1 Hindrar transferreglerna den fria rörligheten?.................................................................................. 30 4.4.4.3.2 Finns det någon rättfärdigandegrund?.............................................................................................. 31 4.4.4.4 Slutsatser ............................................................................................................................................... 32 4.4.4.5 Konsekvenser........................................................................................................................................
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