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Teutonic Mythology : Gods and Goddesses of the Northland

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Teutonic Mythology : Gods and Goddesses of the Northland :B R.AFLY- OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 93 R97uEa v.l The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books or* reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-84OO UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN NOV 2 4 1B80 2 1 1984 : DECOS'! L161 O-1096 Teutonic Mythology Gods and Goddesses of the Northland IN THREE VOLUMES By VIKTOR RYDBERG, Ph.D., MEMBER OF THE SWEDISH ACADEMY; AUTHOR OF "THE LAST ATHENIAN" AND OTHER WORKS. AUTHORISED TRANSLATION FROM THE SWEDISH BY RASMUS B. ANDERSON, LL.D., EX-UNITED STATES MINISTER TO DENMARK ; AUTHOR OF "NORSE MYTHOLOGY," "VIKING TALES," ETC. HON. RASMUS B. ANDERSON, LL.D., Ph.D., EDITOR IN CHIEF. J. W. BUEL, Ph.D., MANAGING EDITOR. VOL. I. PUBLISHED BY THE NORRCENA SOCIETY, LONDON COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM BERLIN NEW YORK 1906 ss^s I Qorroeim %^ fte anb Romance of Jlorrtjern Curope ILibrarp of Supreme $rtnteb in Complete Jform VIKING EDITION MCMVI OF THE Diking Edition There are but six hundred and fifty sets made far the world, of which this is COPYRIGHT, T. H. SMART, 1905. 'EUTONIC MYTHOLOGY. TABLE OF FTEN" VOLt itroducticn T i) The A, - ^in o the Aryans 15 >3ft>J*: U..,JAXIMI3H.,ldlJai.. 20 obbo: lr^tJof.9cf aril f.r.vr VTJO ?)^STn^bo^ 'Jill rioiflv/ sslqqii srJ} io ! ll Tf; ,<^JU j. '1 3^1)11(1 oaxo S Keia; Older Periods of Saxon an i?rati( I Teutonic Emigrat; ,119 in. [yths Concerning the Cr Man. ;e Original Patrr UN, HEIMDAL. LOKE, AND BRACE. :.ird was keeper which ihc gods '- nerally regarded LU'imdal, the -on of nin<- i the the bridge of lli Mimmonrd .ill ,\hen he and ,ich other. He was th' light. h beautiful in ".oifer in char : destruction. had three offspring-, \r. : the Midcrard serpent, - of Mel. ; !u- chief /, / TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY. TABLE OF CONTENTS. VOLUME ONE. PART I. Page Introduction The Ancient Aryans I (a) The Aryan Family of Languages 3 Hypothesis of Asiatic Origin of the Aryans 5 Hypothesis of European Origin of the Aryans 15 The Aryan Land of Europe 20 (b) Ancient Teutondom 26 PART II. (a) Mediaeval Migration Sagas 32 The Troy Saga and Prose Edda 44 Saxo's Relation to the Story of Troy 47 Older Periods of the Troy Saga 50 Story of the Origin of Trojan Descent of the Franks.. 60 Odin as Leader of the Trojan Emigration 67 Materials of the Icelandic Troy Saga 83 Result of Foregoing Investigations 96 (b) Popular Traditions of the Middle Ages 99 Saxon and Swabian Migration Saga 107 The Frankish Migration Saga in Migration Saga of the Burgundians 113 Teutonic Emigration Saga 119 PART III. Myths Concerning the Creation of Man 126 Scef, the Original Patriarch 135 Page Borgar-Skjold, the Second Patriarch 143 Halfdan, the Third Patriarch 147 Halfdan's Enmity with Orvandel and Svipdag 151 Halfdan's Identity with Mannus 153 Sacred Runes Learned from Heimdal 159 Sorcery, the Reverse of Sacred Runes 165 Heimdal and the Sun Goddess 167 Loke Causes Enmity Between Gods and Creators 171 Halfdan Identical with Helge 180 The End of the Age of Peace 185 War with the Heroes from Svarin's Mound 194 Review of the Svipdag Myth 200 The World-War and its Causes 204 Myth Concerning the Sword Guardian 213 Breach Between Asas Vans. Siege of Asgard 235 Significance of the World-War 252 The War in Midgard. Hadding's Adventures 255 Position of the Divine Clans to the Warriors 262 Hadding's Defeat 268 Loke's Punishment 273 Original Model of the Bravalla Battle 281 The Dieterich Saga 285 PART IV. Myth in Regard to the Lower World 306 Gudmund, King of the Glittering Plains 309 Ruler of the Lower World 312 Fjallerus and Hadingus in the Low World 317 A Frisian Saga, Adam of Bremen 319 Odainsaker and the Glittering Plains 321 Identification of Odainsaker 336 Gudmund's Identity with Mimer 339 Mimer's Grove .341 LIST OF PHOTOGRAVURES VOL. I. Frontispiece Idun, Heimdal, Loke, and Brage. Page Thor the Thunder God 120 Giant Thjasse in the Guise of an Eagle Carries off Loke. 174 Odin Punishes the Monstrous Progeny of Loke 300 STOCKHOLM, NOVEMBER 20, 1887. HON. RASMUS B. ANDERSON, United States Minister, Copenhagen, Denmark. DEAR SIR, It gives me pleasure to authorise you to translate into English my work entitled "Researches in Teutonic Mythology," being convinced that no one could be found better qualified for this task than yourself. Certainly no one has taken a deeper interest than you in spreading among our Anglo-Saxon kinsmen, not only a knowledge of our common antiquity, but also of what modern Scan- dinavia is contributing to the advancement of culture a work in which England and the United States of America are taking so large a share. Yours faithfully, VIKTOR RYDBERG. I. INTRODUCTION. A. THE ANCIENT ARYANS. 1. THE WORDS GERMAN AND GERMANIC. ALREADY at the beginning of the Christian era the name Germans was applied by the Romans and Gauls to the many clans of people whose main habitation was the extensive territory east of the Rhine, and north of the forest-clad Hercynian Mountains. That these clans constituted one race was evident to the Romans, for they all had a striking similarity in type of body; moreover, a closer acquaintance revealed that their numerous dialects were all variations of the same parent language, and finally, they resembled each other in customs, traditions, and religion. The characteristic features of the physical type of the Germans were light hair, blue eyes, light complexion, and tallness of stature as compared with the Romans. Even the saga-men, from whom the Roman historian Tacitus gathered the facts for his Germania an inval- uable work for the history of civilisation knew that in TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY the so-called Svevian Sea, north of the German continent, lay another inportant part of Germany, inhabited by Sviones, a people divided into several clans. Their kins- men on the continent described them as rich in weapons and fleets, and in warriors on land and sea (Tac., Germ., 44). This northern sea-girt portion of Germany is called Scandinavia Scandeia by other writers of the Roman and there can be no doubt that this referred Empire ; name to the peninsula which, as far back as historical monu- ments can be found, has been inhabited by the ancestors of the Swedes and the Norwegians. I therefore include in the term Germans the ancestors of both the Scandina- vian and Gothic and German (tyske) peoples. Science needs a sharply-defined collective noun for all these kindred branches sprung from! one and the same root, and the name by which they make their first appearance in history would doubtless long since have been selected for this purpose had not some of the German writers applied the terms German and Deutsch as synonymous. This is doubtless the reason why Danish authors have adopted the word "Goths" to describe the Germanic nation. But there is an important objection to this in the fact that the name Goths historically is claimed by a partic- ular branch of the family that branch, namely, to which the East and West Goths belonged, and in order to avoid ambiguity, the term should be applied solely to them.. It is therefore necessary to re-adopt the old collective name, even though it is not of Germanic origin, the more so as there is a prospect that a more correct use of the words German and Germanic is about to prevail in Germany TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY itself, for the German scholars also feel the weight of the demand which science makes on a precise and rational terminology.* 2. THE; ARYAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES. It is universally known that the Teutonic dialects are related to the Latin, the Greek, the Slavic, and Celtic lan- guages, and that the kinship extends even beyond Europe to the tongues of Armenia, Irania, and India. The holy books ascribed to Zoroaster, which to the priests of Cyrus and Darius were what the Bible is to us ; Rigveda's hymns, which to the people dwelling on the banks of the Ganges are God's revealed word, are written in a language which points to a common origin with our own. However unlike all these kindred tongues may have grown with the lapse of thousands of years, still they remain as a sharply- defined group of older and younger sisters as compared with all other language groups of the world. Even the *Viktor Rydberg styles his work Researches in Germanic Mythology, but after consultation with the Publishers, the Translator decided to use the word Teutonic instead of Germanic both in the title and in the body of the work. In English, the words German, Germany, and Germanic are ambig- uous. The Scandinavians and Germans have the words Tyskland, tysk, Deutschland, deutsch, when they wish to refer to the present Germany, and thus it is easy for them to adopt the words German and Germanisk to describe the Germanic or Teutonic peoples collectively. The English lan- guage applies the above word Dutch not to Germany, but to Holland, and It Is necessary to use the words German and Germany In translating deutsch, Deutschland, tysk, and Tyskland. Teutonic has already been adopted by Max Muller and other scholars in England and America as a designation of all the kindred branches sprung from one and the same root, and speaking dialects of the same original tongue.
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