DOCSLIB.ORG

Viṣṇuitische Heiligtümer Und Feste Im Kathmandu-Tal/Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Viṣṇuitische Heiligtümer Und Feste Im Kathmandu-Tal/Nepal Viṣṇuitische Heiligtümer und Feste im Kathmandu-Tal/Nepal Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt am 01. Juni 2007 von Kathleen Gögge Erstgutachter: Prof. Axel Michaels, Klassische Indologie, SAI Zweitgutachter: Apl. Prof. Ute Hüsken, Klassische Indologie, SAI Inhaltverzeichnis Verzeichnis der Abbildungen . v Verzeichnis der Karten . viii Verzeichnis der Tabellen . ix Vorwort . 1 Danksagung . 8 Abkürzungen . 10 1. Einleitung . 11 1.1. Geschichte Nepals . 11 1.2. Das viṣṇuitische Pantheon . 17 2. Die Vier-Nārāyaṇa-Heiligtümer des Kathmandu-Tals . 28 2.1. Einleitung . 28 2.1.1. Die Errichtung der Vier-Nārāyaṇa-Heiligtümer nach Inschriften und Chroniken . 28 2.1.2. Die Identifikation der Vier-Nārāyaṇa-Heiligtümer . 33 2.1.3. Die Anordnung der Vier-Nārāyaṇa-Heiligtümer in einem maṇḍala . 39 2.1.4. Die Übernahme von Kultstätten aus vorhinduistischer Zeit . 42 2.1.5. Topographie . 43 2.2. Der Cāṃgunārāyaṇa-Tempel . 46 2.2.1. Der Cāṃgunārāyaṇa-Tempel in der purāṇischen Literatur Nepals . 47 2.2.2. Beschreibung des Cāṃgunārāyaṇa-Tempelkomplexes . 52 2.2.3. Renovierungsmaßnahmen und Stiftungen . 60 2.2.4. Organisation und Ritualhandlungen . 70 2.2.5. Resümee . 79 2.3. Das Viśaṅkhunārāyaṇa-Heiligtum . 82 2.3.1. Beschreibung des Viśaṅkhunārāyaṇa-Heiligtums . 82 2.3.2. Ursprungsmythen . 84 2.3.3. Organisation und Ritualhandlungen . 87 2.3.4. Resümee . 89 2.4. Der Śikhara- oder Ṣeśanārāyaṇa-Tempel . 90 2.4.1. Der Standort in den Chroniken und in der purāṇischen Literatur Nepals 90 2.4.2. Historischer Hintergrund . 92 2.4.3. Beschreibung des Śikharanārāyaṇa-Tempelkomplexes . 93 2.4.4. Organisation und Ritualhandlungen . 98 2.4.5. Resümee . 100 2.5. Der Icaṃgunārāyaṇa-Tempel . 102 2.5.1. Der Icaṃgunārāyaṇa-Tempel in den Chroniken . 102 2.5.2. Beschreibung des Icaṃgunārāyaṇa-Tempels . 105 2.5.3. Resümee . 108 3. Die Jalaśayananārāyaṇa-Heiligtümer . 109 3.1. Einleitung . 109 3.2. Der Būḍhānīlakaṇṭha Jalaśayananārāyaṇa . 112 3.2.1. Herleitung des Namens . 112 3.2.2. Der Standort in der purāṇischen Literatur Nepals . 114 3.2.3. Der Būḍhānīlakaṇṭha Jalaśayananārāyaṇa in den Chroniken . 118 3.2.4. Historischer Hintergrund . 119 3.2.5. Das Besuchsverbot für die Könige . 122 3.2.6. Die Herkunft des Steines der Statue . 124 3.2.7. Ikonographie . 126 3.2.8. Organisation und Priester . 133 3.2.9. Renovierungsarbeiten und Neuerrichtungen . 136 3.2.10. Ritualhandlungen . 137 3.2.11. Resümee . 138 3.3. Der Bālanīlakaṇṭha Jalaśayananārāyaṇa . 140 3.3.1. Standort . 141 3.3.2. Historischer Hintergrund . 143 3.3.3. Bālanīlakaṇṭha Jalaśayananārāyaṇa und Gosāĩkuṇḍa . 145 3.3.4. Ikonographie . 153 3.3.5. Priester . 156 3.3.6. Resümee . 157 3.4. Der Jalaśayananārāyaṇa im Hanumān Ḍhokā-Königspalast . 159 4. Kṛṣṇa . 162 4.1. Die Entstehung des Kṛṣṇaismus in Indien und seine Entwicklung im Kathmandu-Tal . 162 4.1.1. Kṛṣṇaismus in Indien . 162 4.1.2. Der Einfluß der ins Kathmandu-Tal eingewanderten Brahmanen . 165 4.1.3. Kṛṣṇa-Verehrung in der Licchavi- und Ṭhakurī-Zeit . 170 4.1.4. Kṛṣṇa-Verehrung in der Malla-Zeit . 175 4.2. Kṛṣṇa-Tempel im Kathmandu-Tal . 183 4.2.1. Kṛṣṇa-Tempel in Patan . 183 4.2.2. Kṛṣṇa-Tempel in Kathmandu und Bhaktapur . 198 4.3. Neuere Entwicklungen . 205 4.4. Resümee . 210 5. Jagannātha . 212 5.1. Der Jagannātha-Tempel in Purī . 212 5.2. Pilgerfahrten der Malla-Könige nach Purī . 215 5.3. Jagannātha-Tempel im Kathmandu-Tal . 221 5.4. Resümee . 233 5.5. Exkurs . 235 6. Rāma . 238 6.1. Rāmaismus im Kathmandu-Tal . 239 6.1.1. Rāma-Verehrung in der Licchavi- und Ṭhakurī-Zeit . 239 6.1.2. Rāma-Verehrung von der Malla-Zeit bis ins 19. Jahrhundert . 242 6.2. Rāma-Tempel in Kathmandu . 244 6.3. Rāma-Tempel in Bhaktapur . 260 6.4. Resümee . 267 7. Feste . 271 7.1. Die Cāṃgunārāyaṇakalaśa-Prozessionen . 274 7.1.1. Die Prozession am zwölften Tag der hellen Mondhälfte im Monat Śrāvaṇa . 274 7.1.2. Die Prozession am Vollmondtag des Monats Pauṣa . 282 7.1.3. Resümee . 284 7.2. Die Narasiṃha-Prozession . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Collection of Nepal Coins and Medals Property Of
    THE COLLECTION OF NEPAL COINS AND MEDALS PROPERTY OF THE LATE NICHOLAS RHODES THE COLLECTION OF NEPALI COINS AND MEDALS PROPERTY OF THE LATE NICHOLAS RHODES THE COLLECTION OF NEPALI COINS AND MEDALS PROPERTY OF THE LATE NICHOLAS RHODES Nicholas Rhodes (1946-2011) has been described as a “numismatic giant … a scholar and collector of immense importance” (JONS No.208). His specialist numismatic interests embraced the currency of the whole Himalayan region - from Kashmir and Ladakh in the west, through Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, to Assam and the Hindu states of north-east India. He was elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society in 2002 and served as Secretary General of the Oriental Numismatic Society from 1997. Having started collecting coins from an early age, his lifelong passion for oriental coins started in 1962 with the coins of Nepal, which at the time presented the opportunity to build a meaningful collection and provided a fertile field for original research. ‘The Coinage of Nepal’, written in collaboration with close friends Carlo Valdettaro and Dr. Karl Gabrisch and published by the Royal Numismatic Society in 1989 (henceforth referred to in this brochure as ‘RGV’), is the standard reference work for this eye-catching series and “may be considered as Nicholas Rhodes’ magnum opus” (JONS No.208). The Nicholas Rhodes collection is considered to be the finest collection of Nepal coins currently in existence. Totalling approximately 3500 pieces, the collection is well documented and comprehensive; indeed, Nicholas was renowned for his painstaking ability to track down every known variety of a series. On the one hand it includes some magnificent highlights of the greatest rarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock Edicts and Other Heritages.Pdf
    BHAKTAPUR ROVER/RANGER CREW “SCOUTING FOR HISTORICAL, EDUCATIONAL & ITS CONSERVATION WITH ITS PROMOTION.” Sopneshwor Mahadev Trekking-2068 This event “Trekking” is organized on 20 Falgun, 2068 (3 Mar, 2012) Saturday at Sopneshwor Mahadev by Bhaktapur Rover/Ranger Crew for promotion of this location and for the education scout regarding rock edicts.. Sushil Pawn 20 Falgun, 2068 (3 Mar, 2012) Saturday [email protected] Bhaktapur Rover/Ranger Crew [email protected] BHAKTAPUR ROVER/RANGER CREW Sopneshwor Mahadev Trekking-2068 20 Falgun, 2068 (3rd Mar, 2012) Saturday Bhaktapur, Nepal. “SCOUTING FOR HISTORICAL, EDUCATIONAL & ITS CONSERVATION WITH ITS PROMOTION.” Introduction Since the establishment of Bhaktapur Rover/Ranger crew different programs are organized for the development of the scouting movement and also we have taken part in different cultural, social and other respective program organized by National Scout, District Scout, Social and other organization as volunteer for the social development. Scouting is Science of Outing; Scouting is not limited in any boundary. In any fields such as in education, voluntary, social, regional, tourism scout can easily function and can help and coordinate with the concern authority for the development of the Nation. Bhaktapur Rover/Ranger Crew is the first rover crew in Bhaktapur which was establish in 2044B.S. Since from establishment crew members are employ for the development of local community and for the empowerment of youth in Bhaktapur by organizing different programs or participating
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780-1930
    Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780-1930 Catherine Warner A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Committee: Anand Yang, Chair Purnima Dhavan Priti Ramamurthy Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History © Copyright 2014 Catherine Warner University of Washington Abstract Shifting States: Mobile Subjects, Markets, and Sovereignty in the India-Nepal Borderland, 1780-1930 Catherine Warner Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Anand Yang International Studies and History This dissertation analyzes the creation of the India-Nepal borderland and changing terms of sovereignty, subjectivity and political belonging from the margins of empire in South Asia from 1780 to 1930. I focus on particular instances of border crossing in each chapter, beginning with the exile of deposed sovereigns of small states that spanned the interface of the lower Himalayan foothills and Gangetic plains in the late eighteenth century. The flight of exiled sovereigns and the varied terms of their resettlement around the border region—a process spread over several decades—proved as significant in defining the new borderland between the East India Company and Nepal as the treaty penned after the Anglo-Nepal War of 1814 to 1816. Subsequent chapters consider cross-border movements of bandits, shifting cultivators, soldiers, gendered subjects, laborers, and, later, a developing professional class who became early Nepali nationalist spokesmen. Given that the India-Nepal border remained open without a significant military presence throughout the colonial and even into the contemporary period, I argue that ordinary people engaged with and shaped forms of political belonging and subject status through the always present option of mobility.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Syncretism and Context of Buddhism in Medieval Nepal
    Religious Syncretism and Context of Buddhism in Medieval Nepal Khadga Man Shrestha∗ Introduction Nepal is land of the great sages. Buddhism and Hinduism are practiced in Nepal hand in hand. Peaceful co-existence is the sticking feature of the country. The cultural heritage of the country is very rich. Mutual respect, co-existence cooperation and peace are the cultural features of the country. The country never experienced religious conflict rather people lived in harmony helping each other. People are inspired by the high ideals of the great thinkers. They venerate them and worship them in different holy shrines. People have ideals to go to immortality from mortality. They wish salvation while alive and even after death. Spirituality has remained the common goal of the people. Philanthropic ideas inspire them. As such, they believe in mysticism. They think of different ways and means or ground, path and fruit for realization of salvation. Their sentiment takes them to the realm of the God. The fundamental basis of Buddhism is four Brahmavihars i.e. Maitri, Karuna, Mudita and Upekshya. Maitri (friendship) is the first basis of Buddhism. Buddhists equate Maitreya with Maitri (friendship).Cultivation of friendship even with the foe has been the prime concern of Buddhism, which is expected to become as deep as sea, which is synonym to Sunyata. Sunyata itself is the seed of truth. Maitri is symbolic in meaning. Without knowing, the meaning of Maitri Buddhism cannot be understood. Maitreya Bodhisattva is also equated with Mahasattva. The latter is regarded as the primordial Buddha in Nepal. Thus, Maitreya Buddha appears as the future Buddha.
    [Show full text]
  • N4184 Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646
    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4184 L2/12-003R 2012-02-29 Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646 Anshuman Pandey Department of History University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. [email protected] February 29, 2012 1 Introduction This is a proposal to encode the Newar script in the Universal Character Set (ISO/IEC 10646). Feedback is requested from experts and the user community regarding the character repertoire, the representative char- acter glyphs, and other attested characters that are not yet proposed for encoding. Script Name The proposed name for the script block is ‘Newar’. It is a tentative assignment and may change based upon feedback from the user community. Allocation The block is allocated to the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP) at U+11400. Character Names Character names follow the convention used in the UCS for characters of other Brahmi- based scripts. In some cases, the character names differ from indigenous Newar names. Where possible, Newar names have been provided as aliases in the names list. Character Repertoire The proposed repertoire consists of 91 characters (see the code chart and names list in figures 1 and 2). The intent is to enable the broadest representation of the Newar script, from the historical forms of Old Newar manuscripts to the present style of ‘Prachalit’ known as ‘Nepal Lipi’. The repertoire contains characters that may not be in current use, but which are nonetheless historically attested. The representative character glyphs are based upon the letterforms in Pracalita Lipiyā Varnamālạ̄ (Nepal Lipi Guthi, 1992). Characters not yet proposed for encoding are identified in Section 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Selective Exclusion: Foreigners, Foreign Goods, and Foreignness in Modern Nepali History
    SELECTIVE EXCLUSION: FOREIGNERS, FOREIGN GOODS, AND FOREIGNNESS IN MODERN NEPALI HISTORY Mark Liechty [B]efore now there were no European things in Nepal. Now, thanks to you, there are things and there are Padres. Since the Padres have given help to my subjects and made the people very happy, we are looking after the Padres as much as possible. In addition, send here for the things that you have not got there, and I will send there for the things that I have not got here. You must not have any anxiety about affairs here. You are my friend. I will do all I can. Also, there are no good doctors here. You must send me from there a good doctor and a good craftsman. - Ranjit Malla, King of Bhadgaon to Pope Benedict XIV, September 7, 1744 (Vannini 1977:55) Muglan [Mughal north India] is near. In that place there are singers and dancers. In rooms lined with paintings, they forget themselves in melodies woven on the drum and sitar. There is great pleasure in these melodies. But it drains your wealth. They take away the secrets of your country and deceive the poor… . Let no one open the mountain trails for these classes of people. - Prithvi Narayan Shah in his Dibya Upadesh, 1774 (Stiller 1968:46) How … will the English be able to penetrate into the hills? … [W]e will expel them… . [O]ur hills and fastnesses are impregnable. I, therefore, recommend hostilities. We can make peace afterwards on such terms as may suit our convenience. - Bhim Sen Thapa to his advisors on the eve of the Anglo-Nepali War, 1814 (Chaudhuri 1960:165) I am convinced that the prosperity of Nepal is bound up with the maintenance of British predominance in India, and I am determined that the sahib who is no sahib shall never enter Nepal, and weaken my people's belief that every Englishman is a gentleman.
    [Show full text]
  • GK Key Book 1 Item No
    New Nepal General Knowledge A Practical G. K. & I. Q. Test 0 Name : ............................................................ Class : ....................... Roll No. : ................ Section : .......................................................... School : ............................................ R. B. Khadka Published by: Atharai Publication Pvt. Ltd. Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 0977-1-4224004, 4227718 General Knowledge Book # O 1 Item No. Item No. 1 Good and Bad Habits 2 Things At My School What type of habit do the following pictures show. Write 'Good' or 'Bad' for each activity. 1 2 3 Bench Table Desk Clock Good Good Bad Chair Globe 1 2 3 See – Saw Swing Good Bad Good 1 2 3 Bell Slide Tap Bus See-saw Bell Swing Globe Slide Tap Bad Good Good Chair Clock Bus Table Desk Bench General Knowledge Book # O 7 General Knowledge Book # O 8 GK Key book 1 Item No. Item No. 3 Things I Use Daily 4 Things In My House We need different things in our daily life. Such Look at the pictures of different things and write their useful things are given below. Write names under names with the help of clue box. each picture with the help of the clue box. Television Umbrella Telephone Nail-cutter Hankey Tooth-brush Sofa-set Tea-table Cupboard Eraser Bag Book Vase Bed Broom Pencil Sharpener Tooth-paste Mirror Hanger Comb Clock Water bottle Lunch box Clue Box Bag Eraser Tooth-brush Tooth-paste Water bottle Hankey Vase Broom Comb Television Cupboard Mirror Clock Nail-cutter Sharpener Pencil Lunch box Book Umbrella Telephone Bed Sofa-set Tea-table Hanger General Knowledge Book # O 9 General Knowledge Book # O 10 Item No.
    [Show full text]
  • BHAKTAPUR the HISTORICAL CITY – a World Heritage Site
    Post 2015 Earthquake, 2016 BHAKTAPUR THE HISTORICAL CITY – A World Heritage Site Professor Purushottam Lochan Shrestha, Ph.D. Post 2015 Earthquake, 2016 BHAKTAPUR THE HISTORICAL CITY – A World Heritage Site Professor Purushottam Lochan Shrestha, Ph.D. Cover photo credit: Rita Thapa All inner photographs: Prof. Dr. Purushottam Lochan Shrestha’s collection Prof. Dr. Purushottam Lochan Shrestha has a Ph.D. in the Era of Tantric Power in Bhaktapur. He served as a Professor and Head of the Department of History, Anthropology & Sociology at Tribhuvan University. Currently, he is actively teaching in colleges in Bhaktapur. He is a recipient of several awards including the prestigious Mahendra Bhusan Class A. He has conducted researches, published numerous articles, written ten books and two additional are forthcoming. CONTENTS CHAPTER I BHAKTAPUR: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 9 Meaning of ‘Bhaktapur’......................................................... 9 The People .................................................................. 10 Historical Background......................................................... 10 Art and Architecture .......................................................... 16 CHAPTER II FAIRS AND FESTIVALS 18 Biska/Bisket Jatra (the solar New Year festival)................................... 18 Aamako Mukh Herne (literally: looking at one’s Mother’s face or mothers day) ....... 20 Changunarayana, Chhinnamasta, Kilesvor Rathajatra .............................. 20 Buddha Jayanti Purnima ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • General Knowledge Book 1 1-5 2
    Brain Wiz Contents General 1. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 1 1-5 2. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 2 6-13 Knowledge 3. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 3 14-23 4. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 4 24-37 Answer Key 5. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 5 38-52 6. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 6 53-61 Book 1 - 7 7. Brain Wiz General Knowledge book 7 62-72 Publisher Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. Answer Key for Exercise 8 : Lets Visit the jungle world (a) Elephant (b) Zebra (c) Tiger (d) Lion Class One (e) Hyena (f) Leopard Exercise 1 : Number Fun Exercise 9 : Word that go together Dear teacher, let the students to join the dots 31 to 50 and (a) Spoon = Fork (b) Bat = Ball (c) Door = Window make them to color the picture. (d) Hammer = Nail (e) Cup = Saucer Dear Teacher, make the students to join the line for the (f) Paper = Pen numbers (Multiple of 2) Exercise 10 : People and Occupation : 2 , 4 , 6 , 8, 10 , 12, 14 , 16 , 18 and 20 Dear teacher, let the students to identify the following words Exercise 2 : Wild and domestic animals themselves. (1) W (2) D (3) D (4) W (5) W (a) Pilot (b) Teacher (c) Barber (6) D (7) W (8) W (9) D (d) Cobbler (e) Farmer (f) Nurse Exercise 3 : Birds World (g) Driver (h) Tailor (i) Nurse (j) Author (1) Yes (2) Yes (3) NO (4) Yes (5) Yes Exercise 11 : Activity 1 (6) NO (7) NO (8) No (9) Yes Exercise 4 : Baby Animals Observe …….
    [Show full text]
  • Nepalese History, Culture and Archaeology (Nehca)
    Nepalese History, Culture and Archaeology (NeHCA) The course of study is designed to provide extensive knowledge in history, culture, religion, art, architecture, archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, and cultural tourism to the students. On the completion of the course, the graduates shall be qualified to appear in competitive examinations for officials in different government and non- government institutions and organizations, including the Departments of Archaeology and Tourism and the Ministries of Education and Culture, and to study the Master's degree course in different disciplines. Structures of the Courses Paper Code No. Title Full Marks 1 NeHCA -421 Political and Cultural History of Nepal 100 Ist Year 11 NeHCA -422 Nepalese Society and Culture 100 Ist Year 111 NeHCA -423 Art and Architecture 100 2nd Year V1 NeHCA -424-1 Prehistory & Archaeology 100 2nd Year NeHCA -424-2 Hindu and Buddhist Philosophy 100 2nd Year ( For Private Students only) Or NeHCA -424-3 Ancient Civilizations 100 2nd Year ( For Private Students only) V NeHCA-425 Epigraphy and Numismatics 100 3rd Year VI NeHCA -426 Cultural Tourism 100 4th Year VII NeHCA -427 Research Methodology and Academic 100 4th Year writing. NeHCA -427 A. Research Methodology- 50 NeHCA -427 B. Academic writing.- 50 NeHCA-410ElectivePaper Nepalese Cultural Heritage 100 Requirement for Admission Candidates, who have succeeded in any of the following examinations, can appear in the entrance test of the B.A.in NeHCA: 1. Proficiency Certificate of TU in any subjects. 2. Grade 12 in any discipline and subjects of National Educatio±gBoar .Government Equivalent exaapi'nation from any institution recognized by TU.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Newar Studies ISSN 1536-8661 Editorial 1131 Number-7 2010/11 Jwajalapā !
    Newāh Vijñāna Journal of Newar Studies ISSN 1536-8661 Editorial 1131 Number-7 2010/11 Jwajalapā ! Since the last issue of Newāh Vijñāna, there have been some monumental changes in the Newāh commu- nity worldwide, especially in the political field of Nepal. Most notably, on Dec 26, 2009, after centuries of struggle, we became witnesses to one of the most important historical moment in Nepal’s history as Newāh people from all walks of life assembled at Dasharatha Rangashālā, the national stadium of Nepal, to declare Newāh Autonomous State (NAS) under the Federal Republic Nepal. This declaration is to be endorsed by the Constituent Assembly formed after general election that took place in May 2008. However, the autono- mous state still needs a national mandate by the Constituent Assembly for it to be written under the New Constitution of Nepal. The struggle for recognition of Nepal Sambat is no longer a matter of dispute among the elite group; all Newāh supporters are in favor of Nepal Sambat. After all, it is the original calendar of Nepal. Historically Publisher speaking, Nepal Sambat fell into scrutiny for being a ‘Newāh’ Calendar to allow continuity of imported Intl. Nepāl Bhāshā calendar, Bikram Sambat. For decades, this has allowed for a misleading celebration of Nepali New year Sewā Samiti in foreign land by non-Newāh group of Nepalese community. The slogan ‘Nepal Sambat Rastriya Sambat’ had always been a thorny subject during the Panchayat period. It is the fall of Panchayat, as well as the Shah Center for Nepalese rulers, which has paved a way for Nepal Sambat to finally be recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Compiled Under the Orders of the Government of India
    HANDBOOKS FOR THE INDIAN ARMY GURKHAS. 1 Compiled under the orders of the Government of India BY Lffiyjf.--QQL.QNEL EDEN VANSITTART, ,2nd Bn. 10th Gurkha Rifles. REVISED BY MAJOR B. U. NICOLAY, 1st Bn, 4th GurJcha Rifles. ' in«iM - * B A LC U TT A SUFERIIVi, "Y : GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA 1913 . {Reprint 19 IS.) * / /£>•/&, / su ) ^ „ PERSONAL LIBRARY OP PRO " SHFP SINGH "SHHW GURKHAS tw ^v* • ' * •- ' ^ ( \. <* » FBOFESSOR SHER SINGH AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY THE Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, In Europe, Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester W. Thacker & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, Square, London, W. C. E.C. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 68-74, T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, Carter Lane, E. C, and 2?, Museum Street, London, W. C. London, W. C. Wm. Wesley & Son, 28, Essex St., Strand, Bernard Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New London. Bond Street, London, W. B. H. Black well, SO & 51, Broad Street, P. S. King & Sons, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Oxford. Westminster, London, S.W. Deighton Bell & Co., Ltd., Cambridge. H. S. King & Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C, and 9, Oliver & Boyd, Tweedale Court, Edinburgh. Pall Mall, London, W. E. Ponsonby, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, Dublin. London, S. W. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, Lon­ Martiuus Nijhoff, The Hague, Holland. don, W. C. \ » ^* »- In India and Ceylon, Thacker,. Spink & Co./Calcutta and Simla. Ram Chandra Govind & Son, Kalbadevi, Tsewmah &''Co>, Calcutta. Bombay. R.wQamb.ray & Co., Calcutta. A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad, Calcuttaand S.
    [Show full text]