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HANDBOOKS FOR THE INDIAN ARMY GURKHAS. 1 Compiled under the orders of the Government of India BY Lffiyjf.--QQL.QNEL EDEN VANSITTART, ,2nd Bn. 10th Gurkha Rifles. REVISED BY MAJOR B. U. NICOLAY, 1st Bn, 4th GurJcha Rifles. ' in«iM - * B A LC U TT A SUFERIIVi, "Y : GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA 1913 . {Reprint 19 IS.) * / /£>•/&, / su ) ^ „ PERSONAL LIBRARY OP PRO " SHFP SINGH "SHHW GURKHAS tw ^v* • ' * •- ' ^ ( \. <* » FBOFESSOR SHER SINGH AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY THE Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, In Europe, Constable & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester W. Thacker & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, Square, London, W. C. E.C. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 68-74, T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 1, Adelphi Terrace, Carter Lane, E. C, and 2?, Museum Street, London, W. C. London, W. C. Wm. Wesley & Son, 28, Essex St., Strand, Bernard Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New London. Bond Street, London, W. B. H. Black well, SO & 51, Broad Street, P. S. King & Sons, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Oxford. Westminster, London, S.W. Deighton Bell & Co., Ltd., Cambridge. H. S. King & Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C, and 9, Oliver & Boyd, Tweedale Court, Edinburgh. Pall Mall, London, W. E. Ponsonby, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, Dublin. London, S. W. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, Lon­ Martiuus Nijhoff, The Hague, Holland. don, W. C. \ » ^* »- In India and Ceylon, Thacker,. Spink & Co./Calcutta and Simla. Ram Chandra Govind & Son, Kalbadevi, Tsewmah &''Co>, Calcutta. Bombay. R.wQamb.ray & Co., Calcutta. A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad, Calcuttaand S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta. BoSibay. B. Ban^rjee & Co./Calcutta. N. B. Mathur, Supt., Nazir Kauun Hind The Indian School Supply Depot, 309, Bow Press, Allahabad. Bazar Street, Calcutta, and 226, Nawabpur, Rai Sahib M. Gulab Singh & Sons, Mufid-i- Dacca. Am Press, Lahore and Allahabad, Butterworth & Co. (India); Ltd., Calcutta. Rama Krishna & Sons, Lahore. JRai M. C. Sarcar Bahadur & Sous, 90-2A, Supt., American Baptist Mission Press, Harrison Road, Calcutta. Rangoon. The Weldon Library, 18-5, Chowringhee Manager, the u Hitarada," Naepur. Road, Calcutta. S. C. Talukdar, Proprietor, Students & Co., Standard Literature Company, Limited, Cooch Behar. Calcutta. A. M. & J. Ferguson, Ceylon. , Lai Chaud & Sone, Calcutta. Manager, Educational Book Depots, Nagpur Higginbotham & Co., Madras. and Jubbulpore.* V. Kalyanarama Iyer & Co., Madras. Manager of the Imperial Book Depot, 63, G. A. Natesan & Co., Madras. Chandney Chauk Street, Del hi.* S. Murthy & Co., Madras. Manager, "The Agra Medical Hall and Co­ Thompson & Co , Madras. operative Association, Ltd.V (Successors to Temple & Co., Madras. A. John & Co., Agra.)* P. R. Rama Iyer & Co., Madras. Supt., Basel Mission Book and Tract Deposi­ Vas & Co., Madras. tory, Mangalore.* E. M. Gopalakrishna Kone, Madura. P. Varadachary & Co., Madras.* Thacker & Co., Lti.f Bombay. H. Liddeil, Printer, etc., 7, South Road, A. J. Combridge & Co., Bombay. Allahabad* D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bombay. Ram Dayal Agarwala, 184, Katra Allahabad.* Mrs. Radhabai Atnmraui Sagoon, Bombay. D. C. Anand & Sons, Peshawar.* Sunder Pandurang, Bombay. Manager, Newal Kishore Prass, Lucknovr,* Gopal Narayan & Co., Bomoay. .Agents for the sale of Legislatire Department publications only. /£^-*-*- /er • vy HANDBOOKS FOR THE INDIAN ARMY. GURKHAS. )t Compiled under the orders of the Government of India BY LIEUT.-COLONEL EDEN VANSITTART, 2nd En. 10th Gurkha Rifles. REVISED BY MAJOR B. U. NICOLAY, 1st En. 4th Gurkha Rifles. V PERSONAL LfBRARY Of PROFESSOR SHBH SINGH "SHa% CALCUTTA SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA 1915 (Reprint 1918.) * • InstitiH • Source. <..,••_(!>•• . #* tn#W^Rioe * • THIS BOOK *» •• IS DEDICATED BY KIND PERMISSION \ TO HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL THE RIGHT HONOURABLH ox*txo ^txbtti §momt fUtchentt of iifwrtottm, G.C.B., O.M., G.C.M.G., R.E., COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF IN INDIA. PBEFACE. fTpHIS book is an enlarged edition of my i Notes on Gurkhas,' -*- written in 1890, and of my [ Notes on Nepal/ published in 1895. In compiling this book I have borrowed most freely from every authority I have knowledge of, who has written on Nepal or its inhabitants. As, probably, nearly one-half of this book consists of extracts from various authors strung together, often with alterations and additions of my own, I have been unable to put between inverted commas every borrowed paragraph; but, where feasible, I have generally done so, and have quoted the name o£ the author from whose book the extract has been taken. The ancient history of Nepal is mostly taken from, Wright, Bendall, and Pandit Bhagvvanlal Indvaji Das. • Prom Oldfield, Brian Hodgson, Wright, and Hamilton I have borrowed most heavily. It was only after much trouble that I was able to obtain a copy (and then only of a portion) of the Limbu Vancavali. I give a translation of the same as, in my opinion, it throws some interesting light on Eastern Nepal generally and on the Limbus especially. The classification of the various races of Nepal is almost • , - - L w^ A- L - A ^^ entirely my own. i The Magars, Gurungs, and Thakurs are, I believe, fairly complete and correct. The lists of Khas, Limbus, Eais, Sunwars, and Murmis are • • • undoubtedly incomplete, and perhaps in parts incorrect; but to give a full and true list of their tribes and sub-divisions, can only be done after years of incessantly putting down on paper, each fresh tribe and each fresh clan of the same, at such time as a mem­ ber of it presents himself for enlistment, and then by checking its accuracy over and over again. My classification of Gurkhas, viz., Magars, Gurungs, Thakars and Khas, will be found almost identically the same as Chanter 11 PREFACE. IV of the Blue Book on Nepal, of which chapter I am the author. The map attached to this book was obtained through Lieute­ nant-Colonel "W. Ravenshaw, Resident in Nepal, who induced the Nepalese Durbar to very kindly mark off thereon the various divisions of the country. Por easy reference, I have divided Nepal into five main di­ visions, viz.: The Terai—Eastern Nepai—Nepal Valley—Central Nepal—"Western Nepal. The further sub-divisions of the above.are taken from Lieute- nant-ColoneLH. Wylie'sListof Zillas and Tehsils, etc., dated 1895 1898, and from corrections thereto sent to me by Lieutenant- Colonel Ravenshaw. Revised from notes kindly supplied by the Resident in Nepal and information in the Recruiting office for Gurkhas. i List of some of the Principal Authorities consulted in the Prepa­ ration of this work. Colonel Kirkpatrick's Mission to Nepal, 1793. Doctor F. Hamilton's Account of Nepal, 1819. Captain T. Smith's Five Years' Residence in Nepal, from 1841 to 1845. Captain 0. Cavenagh's Account of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1851. Brian Hodgson's Essays on the Language, etc., of Nepal, 1874. Doctor Oldfield's Sketches of Nepal, 1880. Quartermaster-General's No. 18 of 1883. Confidential Report, 1884. Lieutenant- General R. Sale Hill's Notes, with Addenda of 1874, by General Sir C. Reid, K.C.B. Lieutenant-Colonel E. Molloy's Memorandum, dated Abbottabad, 1885. Doctor Wright's History of Nepal, 1887. Bendall's Catalogue, Buddhist and Sanskrit Manuscript?, 1883. Bendall's Journey in Nepal, 1886. Pandit Bhagwanlal Indraji Das's Inscription of Nepal, 1885. H. H. Risley's Tribes and Castes of Bengal, 1891. Sarat Chandra Dass's journey to Lhassa. Doctor Rudolph Hoernle's Inscribed Seal of Gupta, 1889. Lieutenant-Colonel Wylio's List of Zillas. Also vernacular papers from Nepal. *> I CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I.—Geography and Races of Nopal .. 1 CHAPTER II.—History 11 CENTRAL NEPAL. CHAPTER III. —Religion, Customs, Festivals, and Characteristics of the Gurkhas . 46 CHAPTER IV.—Thakurs and Khas 62 CHAPTER V.—Gurungs ' 74 CHAPTER VI.—Magars ..." 81 CHAPTER VII.—Newars, Line-boys, Dhotials, Tharus, and Menial Classes . 90 EASTERN NEPIL. CHAPTER VIII.—The Kiranti Group : Divisions, History, and Religion ... 96 CHAPTER IX.—A Translation of Limbu History 103 CHAPTER X.—Lhnbus 106 CHAPTER XI.—Rais 124 CHAPTER XII.—Sunwars, or Sunpars, or Mukias and Murmis, or Lamas • \ • 136 CHAPTER XIII.—Notes on Gurkha Recruiting 144 CHAPTER XIV.—Gurkha Recruiting—a retrospect , APPENDIX A.—A Brief Account of Buddhism ,.,.,", ^ 179 APPENDIX B—List of Districts, Tehsils, and Zillas . ... 183 APPENDIX C—List of Villages ......... '^ 205 APPENDIX D.—Maharaja of Nepal's letter, dated 29th February 1904, referring to (1) Begari, (2) Thara, and (3) Beti 225 APPENDIX E.—Table of distances in Nepal .227 APPENDIX F.—List of Post offices and Postal Rules in Nepal , \ 230 ** MJ^ GURKHAS. CHAPTER I. Geography and Races of Nepal. The word ' Nepal '* is said to be derived from ( Ne/ * the name of a cer- tain ascetic, and ' pala/ cherished, and therefore means ' cherished by Ne/ Nepal, in a strict sense, ought to be applied to that country only which is in the vicinity of Katmandu, the capital; but at present it is usually given to the whole territory of the Gurkha King. To the present day even, Gurkhas when talking of ( Nepal' are generally, if not always, referring to Katmandu. In this book{ Nepal' will refer to the whole territory of the Gurkha King. Nepal is a narrow tract of country extending for about 520 miles along the southern slopes of the central portion of the Himalaya, General description. between the 80th and 88th degree of East Longitude. Its breadth nowhere exceeds 1-10 miles, and averages between 90 and 100 miles. Its general direction is from west to east, the most southern and eastern corner at the Michi river reaches as low as the 26th, whilst its most nor­ thern and western angle extends up to the 30th degree of North Latitude. It is bounded on the north by Tibet; on the east by Sikkim and the river Michi; on the south by Bengal and the United Provinces ; and on the west by Ivumaon and the river Kali (Sardi).
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  • Ltzt Ul/Alsf Uxgtf -K|Ltzt Ko"7Fg Jlh{J Fª, Ljhogu

    Ltzt Ul/Alsf Uxgtf -K|Ltzt Ko"7Fg Jlh{J Fª, Ljhogu

    1 2 lhNnfx?sf] ul/aLsf] b/, ul/aLsf] ljifdtf / ul/aLsf] uxgtf @)^* lhNnf uf=lj=;=sf gfd ul/aLsf b/ ul/aLsf ljifdtf ul/aLsf uxgtf -k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_ -k|ltzt_ Ko"7fg jlh{jfª, ljhogu/ 23.38(8.42) 5.24(2.45) 1.75(0.96) Ko"7fg h'd|Lsf+8f 40.23(11.01) 9.74(3.79) 3.38(1.63) Ko"7fg bfvfSjf8L 18.15(6.73) 3.88(1.82) 1.25(0.68) Ko"7fg j]njf; 31.69(9.22) 7.65(2.99) 2.66(1.25) Ko"7fg sf]rLjfª 44.77(11.11) 11.43(4.18) 4.11(1.88) Ko"7fg ;f/L 18.2(7.23) 3.93(1.97) 1.27(0.75) Ko"7fg :ju{4f/L 23.55(8.92) 4.94(2.45) 1.55(0.92) Ko"7fg le+u[ 23.05(8.01) 5.17(2.32) 1.72(0.91) Ko"7fg pbok'/sf]6 43.56(11.02) 11.46(4.19) 4.23(1.91) Ko"7fg uf]l7jfª 39.58(9.62) 10.19(3.54) 3.71(1.58) Ko"7fg gofFufpF 22.58(8.35) 4.71(2.28) 1.47(0.85) Ko"7fg afFu];fn, 9'+u]u9L 37.66(10.16) 9.46(3.57) 3.38(1.55) Ko"7fg dsf{jfË lt/fd 39.68(10.27) 9.77(3.49) 3.43(1.47) Ko"7fg x+;k'/, bfªjfª 39.9(9.92) 10.06(3.56) 3.6(1.56) Ko"7fg w'jfª, ksnf, a/f}nf 30.78(9.97) 7.41(3.22) 2.59(1.35) Ko"7fg /Dk'/sf]6, lah'nL 20.8(7.15) 4.7(2.02) 1.59(0.79) Ko"7fg /DbL, v}/f 21.5(7.84) 4.64(2.17) 1.49(0.83) Ko"7fg r'hf, d/G7fgf, tf]/jfª 28.85(8.8) 6.87(2.79) 2.38(1.15) Ko"7fg Ko"7fg vn+uf, w/dkfgL 14.76(5.98) 3.05(1.55) 0.96(0.57) Ko"7fg gf/Lsf]6 39.99(9.99) 10.43(3.61) 3.84(1.61) Ko"7fg jf+u]dsf]6, al8sf]6, cf]v/sf]6 26.87(8.35) 6.29(2.55) 2.16(1.03) Ko"7fg cvf{ 51.39(12.06) 13.81(4.85) 5.14(2.24) Ko"7fg /fhe/f, k'Fhf 38.77(9.94) 9.66(3.53) 3.44(1.54) Ko"7fg lnjfª, t'iff/f 35.11(9.75) 8.5(3.26) 2.97(1.37) Ko"7fg v'ª 31.43(9.47) 7.46(3.04) 2.56(1.25) Ko"7fg 8fd|L, :ofpnLjfË, ln3f 49.48(11.45) 13.39(4.57) 5.03(2.12) Ko"7fg n'ª, vjfª 33.92(9.74) 8.29(3.25) 2.92(1.37) Ko"7fg lah'jf/, wdf{jtL 17.09(5.92) 3.82(1.69) 1.27(0.66) Ko"7fg dfemsf]6 25.66(8.95) 5.53(2.5) 1.78(0.95) Ko"7fg kmf]KnL 48.5(10.48) 13.16(4.26) 4.95(1.99) gf]6 M sf]i7s -_ leq /x]sf] c+sn] ;DalGwt ;"rssf] e|dfz+ -k|ltzt_ nfO{ hgfpF5 .
  • KVEO Front Matters Jan 16.Qxp

    KVEO Front Matters Jan 16.Qxp

    1 Introduction History of the Kathmandu Valley of Jitedasti, the seventh ruler of the Kirantas, and Buddhist culture and art were adopted in the valley. The egends concerning the origins of Kathmandu ‘Lichhavis’, from Northern Bihar, invaded at the end of Valley (referred to also as the valley in this the 5th century. The Lichhavi era is known as a golden document), from both religious texts and oral period, and it is from this time that the recorded history Ltradition, describe it as a lake surrounded by of Nepal really begins with the inscription of King hills and forests. The lake, Nag-hrada, the abode of Manadeva I (464–505 A.D.) at the temple of Changu serpents, so the legend has it, was drained by a Chinese Narayan. At the beginning of the seventh century, Saint, Manjushree, so that he could worship at Amshuvarma, a ‘Thakuri’ officer, became king. An able Swayambhunath and Guheswori. Once the waters were administrator, he opened up a trade route to Tibet. After drained away, the valley was settled (Jha 1996). The Amshuvarma, the Gupta nobles came to power and formation of Chobhar Gorge, the drainage conduit for ruled for twenty-two years until Narendradev of the the inner valley, is given as an example of the veracity of Lichhavi dynasty took over again. The Lichhavi period the legend. Kathmandu Valley used to be known as was prolific in terms of cultural activities. Nepal and any early history of Nepal is actually the history of the Kathmandu Valley (Regmi 1999). In the 13th century, the ‘Mallas’ from far west Nepal took over the Kathmandu Valley.
  • The Collection of Nepal Coins and Medals Property Of

    The Collection of Nepal Coins and Medals Property Of

    THE COLLECTION OF NEPAL COINS AND MEDALS PROPERTY OF THE LATE NICHOLAS RHODES THE COLLECTION OF NEPALI COINS AND MEDALS PROPERTY OF THE LATE NICHOLAS RHODES THE COLLECTION OF NEPALI COINS AND MEDALS PROPERTY OF THE LATE NICHOLAS RHODES Nicholas Rhodes (1946-2011) has been described as a “numismatic giant … a scholar and collector of immense importance” (JONS No.208). His specialist numismatic interests embraced the currency of the whole Himalayan region - from Kashmir and Ladakh in the west, through Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, to Assam and the Hindu states of north-east India. He was elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society in 2002 and served as Secretary General of the Oriental Numismatic Society from 1997. Having started collecting coins from an early age, his lifelong passion for oriental coins started in 1962 with the coins of Nepal, which at the time presented the opportunity to build a meaningful collection and provided a fertile field for original research. ‘The Coinage of Nepal’, written in collaboration with close friends Carlo Valdettaro and Dr. Karl Gabrisch and published by the Royal Numismatic Society in 1989 (henceforth referred to in this brochure as ‘RGV’), is the standard reference work for this eye-catching series and “may be considered as Nicholas Rhodes’ magnum opus” (JONS No.208). The Nicholas Rhodes collection is considered to be the finest collection of Nepal coins currently in existence. Totalling approximately 3500 pieces, the collection is well documented and comprehensive; indeed, Nicholas was renowned for his painstaking ability to track down every known variety of a series. On the one hand it includes some magnificent highlights of the greatest rarity.
  • Nepali Times Investigation ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

    Nepali Times Investigation ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

    # 8 6 - 12 September 2000 20 pages Rs 20 2 DOLPO At home with Monica19 EXCLUSIVE Nordic jaunt Why is Sweden so disinterested in UNACCOUNTED Nepal? Swedish aid to Nepal has dropped dramatically in the past few The good news is that male MPs years, and it is the Nordic country don’t file maternity claims. The bad with the lowest contribution to Nepal’s development. Is it a failure news is that ministers are not paying of our economic diplomacy, or have FOR their phone bills. the Swedes given up on Nepal? A NEPALI TIMES INVESTIGATION ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Foreign Minister Chakra Prasad ○○○○○ irregularities were also pointed out in Bastola is planning to get it straight If you are a taxpayer, some of the money the past, and still remain as wrongs from the horse’s the government is taking from you is because the executive has not taken mouth when he paying for the following expenses: basic steps to regularise the spending. swings through • Rs 1,158,000 in phone and electric- Past efforts by the parliament’s Stockholm this ity bills for ministers over a six- public spending watchdog to get back week. Bastola month period. some of the misused money have failed then goes on to • Eight phone lines registered in the to achieve much. Last week, the Public Norway, which names of dead lawmakers yet to be Accounts Committee (PAC) summoned unlike Sweden, returned to the Parliament Secretariat. officials and gave them another deadline remains fully • Padded expenses amounting to to make amends. “We’ll go to the engaged in thousands of dollars by ministers extent the law allows to get the accounts Nepal.