Nephrocare for Me Winter 2020

Winter 2020

A happy recovery from Covid-19

“Have you eaten your rice today?”

Welcome! Dear Reader,

One of the characteristic features of the year 2020 has been the Covid-19 pandemic. It affects us all, but in very different ways. That is why this NephroCare for me issue deals with how people cope with the pandemic. A nurse from Italy tells one of her Stories from our network patients’ moving story in A happy recovery from Covid-19. We have gathered Nurses’ experiences during the pandemic 4 nurses’ experiences in Spain on how they coped with giving their best to their A happy recovery from Covid-19 8 patients. There are a couple of reports from different countries outlining their specific challenges and solutions. The staff are on the same page in their conviction: We stand in this together. Fresenius Medical Care informs As winter is approaching and temperatures are going to drop, it is time to boost the We stand in this together 10 immune system. Your health is always importance to us. To give you some guidance, we have put together an article on preventive measures against infection with Recipes Covid-19, the flu and a common cold: How to get through a cold winter without a “Have you eaten your rice today?” 16 winter cold. One-pot chicken and rice 22

Not everything is about Covid-19, though. Not in our lives and not in this issue. One Beetroot risotto with parmesan and walnut 24 focal point is our rice special. Where does rice come from? How is it cultivated? What is good to know when dealing with it in your kitchen? We also tell you the story Inspiring behind the title question: Have you eaten your rice today? It goes without saying Gifts from the heart 26 that our recipes are about rice, too. Winter is the time for cosy meals and cooking Brain calisthenics 31 together. Therefore, we chose a one-pot chicken and rice dish and a beetroot risotto with parmesan and walnuts. They look and sound delicious. Enjoy! Here’s to your health Winter is also the holiday season. Did you know how many different traditions people celebrate in their respective countries? If you don’t, you will discover a lot in our How to get through a cold winter without a cold 32 article, Let’s celebrate – it’s wintertime. Do you like to give homemade presents to your loved ones? Then you might find a couple of suggestions in Gifts from the Different countries – different habits heart. Let’s celebrate – it’s wintertime 36 Have a good time with this NephroCare for me issue, stay at home, keep warm and, most importantly, get through the winter without a cold. Enjoy the holiday season!

Until next time,

Your NephroCare for me Editorial Team Nurses‘ experiences during the challenge that life has brought us, both as Anna Segui people and professionals. Doctors, nurses, RO centro de diálisis Fresenius the pandemic nursing assistants, caretakers and mainte- Medical Care Reus, Cataluña. nance, cleaning staff, administrative staff in our clinics will be strengthened. From that, »We are going through some hard The Covid-19 pandemic has confronted people around the world we grow. weeks, well very hard. We are experi- with considerable challenges. Primarily the nursing staff has fought real battles encing a multitude of feelings, some so for their patients. Nurses from NephroCare clinics in Spain report about Everyone can choose to emerge stronger contradictory to each other that they their touching experience. from adversity and learn from what has been are even difficult to express in words. overcome.To all of the Fresenius Medical But, amid all these horrible feelings, dif- Care team in Spain: Thank you very much ferent ones appear when, from the much!« first day, the staff volunteers to Javier Pio the best of our care and seek the best pos- work, to give up their vacations, RO centro de diálisis sible treatment. their free days, to do triple shifts. I Fresenius Medical Care RESPONSIBILITY. Living up to the unique also want to include the thanks to Sevilla-San Carlos, Andalucía. instinct of being professionals, and keeping it all our patients, for the work they separate from the reality of also having a fam- Maria Luisa Leo do every day and for always being »Undoubtedly, we are experiencing one of ily and personal concerns. Professionals who RO centro de diálisis there.« those events that, having been known only constantly aim at adapting to the new work Fresenius Medical Care Plasencia, from stories of our elders or history books, guidelines required by the circumstances. Extremadura. seemed typical of other times. Now, however, SUPPORT and FELLOWSHIP, the mutual we are direct protagonists of a pandemic, of support to face our fears in the beautiful com- »I attended a conference with epidemi- a crisis that the future will brand as historical. mon spirit of spontaneous offerings to help, to ologists and virologists. They explained Its resolution depends on our performance as take over the burden in difficult moments. the situation, what was known about an individual, as a society and as a health EMPATHY, the value that allows us to recog- Covid-19 and what was expected. I Maria del Carmen Pérez professional. nize ourselves in others. It enhances com- wanted to be able to explain to all the RO centro de diálisis Fresenius There is a differentiating factor in every story munication as a team, the support within and colleagues what the virus consisted of Medical Care Murcia-El Palmar. with a happy ending, a key element that ef- the recognition of work well done. It manifests and to solve the doubts of the col- fortlessly counteracts the prevailing negative itself day by day and gives strength to the leagues. Every day, first thing in the »We all joined together and began to expand tendency. Here and now these are the values group as a whole. morning, I would gather the staff to our protocols by measuring the temperature of our staff. DELIVERY, despite all adversities. We are give them the latest news and explana- at the entrance, distributing masks, hand dis- Faced with the uncertainty caused by the un- professionals in the dialysis room while we tions. We were all afraid of the un- infection ... we all collaborated until our pa- known, the fear generated by an invisible en- fight against the fatigue from emotional stress known situation, we also have sensi- tients understood it, including removing food emy and the doubts that take over our spirits, because we are dealing with an unknown tive people in our families, but the from the center. We have passed moments of the first of our values as health personnel situation and uncertain profiles. We know treatment of patients has not been af- uncertainty, but got through it together, even arises: how to be professional and not give away the fected. There were smiles and kind without touching you felt the hand of your col- knot in the throat because we have to greet words that kept the fear outside.« leagues on your shoulder. We experience COMMITMENT. Commitment to our colour children from a distance to protect them hard times that will make us stronger, but I leagues to be more than ever a team. Com- from ourselves. don’t think there is a better place to do it than mitment to our patients. More than ever, we OVERCOMING. Together we will overcome in our clinics, with the support of the Nephro- feel the renewed desire to provide them with adversity by coming out strengthened from Care family.«

4 Stories from our network 5 Marisol López Maria Teresa Curiel Sonia Sánchez Díaz RO centro de diálisis Fresenius RO centro de diálisis RO centro de diálisis Fresenius Medical Care Valencia. Medical Care Hospitalet, Cataluña. Fresenius Medical Care Madrid-Moncloa. »All this time, it has served me to be aware that fear also has to do with loneliness, with »These weeks have been long and »During the first week of March 2020, the first internal worries. On the other hand, happiness, laughter and joy have to do with people. hard. We have worked without ceasing, colleague came with symptoms compatible And if I have learned anything during this strange and unusual setting, it is to appreciate without thinking and without hesitation. with Covid-19. Following the protocol estab- the wonderful people around me. My colleagues have been and are my family. They Little by little, we – patients and staff – lished at that time, the assistant had to leave have made me smile when they saw me sink, they have wrapped me up. I have never have all learned to manage the feelings her job immediately and contact Public Health. felt alone with them. We form a great team, a great family. I can never thank for every- while we are returning to a relative “nor- Without thinking twice, the other nurses of- thing I received. I knew they were great professionals, now I have realized how great mality,” without taking our eyes off that fered: “Mayte, don’t worry, we take on the they are as humans.« virus, which is still there, without letting additional duties.” We still had no idea of what our guard down, but with more was to come. We have that bond with our strength and integrity. Now we begin to patients who are quieter, sometimes grumpy, collect the fruits. Patients who have missing roommates they last saw days ago, gone through Covid-19 begin to return. not daring to ask. We continue giving them Rosa Lázaro The welcome is super exciting when the best of us. Now we show them our smiles RO centro de diálisis they can report that the virus is gone with our eyes, provide them with advice on Fresenius Medical Care Mercedes Martín-Cleto and return to their homes. The joy on how to protect themselves, and how to over- El Pilar-Madrid. Nursing Director. the part of everyone is immense.« come this. We invite them to let off steam, express themselves, and congratulate them be- »During these past weeks there has »When the year began, much of my thoughts cause they are exemplary. How much are been a lot of fear and uncertainty. Fear were directed to how we were going to cele- they teaching us! How much they are giving of human loss. Fear of not sufficiently brate our year, the International Year of Nurs- us! Hopefully, no one will ever forget what this supporting my team. Uncertainty about ing. I knew it was going to be an exceptional pandemic is teaching us.« the decisions made. Will they be the year, but I never thought it would turn out this best? There have also been delightful way. I am one of the people who believe that surprises, as the immensely valuable everything that happens to us in life happens involvement and collaboration of the for a reason. Although it is impossible to be- Maite López Arévalo staff. But what I feel most every day lieve, I think that we are giving even more RO centro de diálisis Fresenius Medical Care when I come to work is gratitude. I feel value to our profession from this horrible situ- Barcelona-Diagonal, Cataluña. incredibly grateful to my team who ation. Now more than ever, I am proud of the have done their best to keep the unit professionalism, dedication, commitment, »These have been challenging days both at work and on a personal level. When a rolling smoothly. And I am infinitely sacrifice and affection with which my co- patient or colleague was crying and my only consolation could be words when the best grateful to our patients, who, with all workers treat our patients, which goes far be- would have been a big hug. There were hard moments when we had to say goodbye their fears and insecurities, have col- yond a dialysis session. Our patients are the to a patient sick from the virus. There were exciting moments when patients returned laborated without complaint in the reason for our daily work. It seems that we are who had won the battle. The entire team has rowed in the same boat and the same changes in schedules, shifts and pro- beginning to see the light at the end of the direction for staff and patients, for me, they are all my heroes. We will not lower the tocols.« tunnel, and that is when I am convinced that, guard because together we will win the battle!« very soon, we will be able to celebrate our year as it deserves to be celebrated.«

6 Stories from our network 7 Alas, from that time, Francesca entered a A happy recovery from Covid-19 state of panic. She did not want to go to the hospital due to the staggering increase of Covid-19 cases, afraid that she would not survive this new – and unchartered – pathol- Italy was the first European country to be reached by the Covid-19 pandemic. ogy. Due to several unfortunate bureaucratic It is also the first country to report the fortunate recuperation of one of their circumstances, she couldn’t perform a swab patients who defeated the disease. Her NephroCare nursing team supported for a Covid-19 diagnosis, either. Francesca her through the healing process. Here, they tell her story. resisted several attempts to hospitalise her, given the progress of symptoms. Obviously, her state of horror had taken over. We couldn’t »Shortly after New Year’s Eve 2020, Franc- think of any reason other than a psychological esca attended her regular dialysis treatment. block triggered by fear. Meanwhile, Frances- When she showed symptoms of fever, cough- ca needed her dialysis treatment at our clinic. ing and severe breathing difficulties during the All the same, the dire concomitants did not treatment, we were immediately alarmed. Af- deter our staff from treating her with extreme ter alerting 118, the Italian number for medical affection, understanding and empathy. emergencies, she was admitted to the hospital with a Code red. Two weeks later, she was Finally, thanks to the family doctor’s involve- discharged with a diagnosis of “bacterial ment and the team working together to man- pressed her gratitude to us for having assist- pneumonia in follow-up.” Little did we know. age the patient’s fears in the best way pos- ed her and how much she appreciated that Francesca passed the months of January and sible, we effectuated a swab test on 27th we had shown respect and empathy even in February in apparent good health. When she March. As we had feared, the test confirmed her most challenging moments of struggling came to our NephroCare centre on the Third her together with patients showing similar dif- the Covid-19 diagnosis. Although immedi- to accept the disease. of March for consultation, she was in good fuse symptoms, but separated from patients ate hospitalisation was arranged, her condi- shape as usual. Still, during her dialysis treat- without symptoms. tion worsened and was treated with a drug Her respiratory situation was still compro- ment, she developed new symptoms with therapy combined with a CPAP helmet. mised and needed a slow but gradual recov- chills and exhaustion but no fever. We con- Showing up for the treatment on 18th March, ery, but her emotional state was clearly im- tacted the patient on the morrow to find out Francesca reported slight fatigue, but she In the following days, we were happy to find proved. She gradually got past the state of about her health status, and she reported that was free of fever. Sudden chills during treat- out that her condition gradually improved, de- fear through the dawning awareness that the she was feeling well. ment were accompanied by fever and res- spite her previous respiratory disease result- best option to fully recover would be to put all piratory distress. We immediately contacted ing from a series of comorbidities. Francesca clinical recommendations into practice.« At the time, the national health system – es- the emergency to hospitalise our patient. A was discharged from the hospital fully recov- pecially in our region – could not yet guaran- few hours later, the emergency service opera- ered from Covid-19 on the Eleventh of April, Thank you to the nursing team from Nephro- tee an adequate and rapid screening of sus- tors informed us that Francesca had refused after three negative swabs and an overall im- Care Italy, for sharing Francesca’s story. With pect patients. We did not get clear indications hospitalisation. Her justification being that she proved general health. the support of all involved health profession- from the reference hospitals that managed had already started to feel better during her als, she has fully recovered from her Covid-19 infected patients either. So, given the increase transport to the hospital, could breathe more On returning to the haemodialysis centre, illness. Although she consented to her story in Covid-19 cases in Naples city, we decided easily and her blood saturation had objec- Francesca had realised that her recovery had being told, she did not want it to happen un- to treat her in so-called cohort isolation for her tively improved. not been a foregone conclusion, considering der her real name and photograph. We re- following treatments. That means we treated her previous respiratory condition. She ex- spect her request and wish her all the best! 

8 9 We stand in this together Care centres’ staff could not take on this ad- families; they take advantage of this moment ditional workload, the Chronic Dialysis sales to open up about their family’s past and ex- and marketing teams immediately offered to periences such as illness, divorce, death. My contact around 2500 families of the Nephro- greatest satisfaction is the gratitude you get The Covid-19 pandemic challenges all of us in unprecedented ways. Care patients concerned. Three of the con- from all those contacted and the respect giv- Fresenius Medical Care is doing everything in its power to continue to provide tributors to the telephone campaign shared en to this initiative.” the best possible care for patients worldwide. This includes maintaining the production their experience. and distribution of vital products. In all this, the health and safety of patients, nursing “I found it motivating to calm staff and employees is of the highest priority. Perrine Rapebach, Regional Therapy their concerns and provide Manager: them with crucial information to protect themselves and their “The family members Some countries have been affected by the those extended preventative measures, we are well aware of the loved ones.” Covid-19 outbreak more than others. As the figured they might experience this notion of severity of this excep- crisis developed, Fresenius Medical Care units restricted freedom more acutely. So, we felt tional health situation, Annie Wawczak, worldwide collectively pooled their power, ef- it essential to take action. Therefore, we de- which adds additional Regional Therapy fort and dedication to face the situation and cided to phone those close to our patients stress to their loved one’s chronic illness … Manager: protect patients and employees as much as and provide them with full information on We feel their concerns about being affected feasibly possible. In a state of crisis such as Covid-19, preventative measures to be im- by the virus, being vulnerable people. During “When we talk with this pandemic, the Fresenius Medical Care plemented and warning signs. Our aim was to the calls, we can tell they feel relieved to see families, we become plan for crisis management sets in. Through raise awareness among their loved ones and the measures put in place by the NephroCare aware of the need for centrally coordinated weekly calls with the support them in feeling safe about knowing clinics, and they need to be reassured of their guidance, responses Regional Crisis Response Teams, the en- what to do when our patients returned home. practices at home. to questions, support tire network stays connected, ensuring that We have named this proactive initiative “Soli- and listening, with the situation being so wor- safety measures are implemented all over the darité” (solidarity). rying. They know that the dialysis patient is European, Middle-East and African countries “During the calls, we can tell they more at risk to Covid-19 and express their (EMEA). Here are a few highlights from some Bernard Thuillet, Managing Director of feel relieved to see the measures put fears. I found it motivating to calm their con- of the EMEA countries that show how consci- NephroCare Occitanie commented on this in place by the NephroCare clinics, cerns and provide them with crucial informa- entiously the teams reacted. original and engaging idea: “Great innovative tion to protect themselves and their loved and they need to be reassured and radical ideas often emerge from crises ones. I should say how well it was received SPOTLIGHT ON FRANCE: such as the one we live through. The Solidar- of their practices at home.” and how attentively people listened during The ‘Solidarité’ initiative ité initiative is one of these very ideas, borne each call. You feel useful, indeed. The health crisis we all have to face is unprec- out of our commitment to our patients.” The kindness and involvement of families edented and challenging. The lockdown we have touched me. Protective measures were Some family members feel isolated and ask have been living through for several months Between 7th and 10th April 2020, 75% of already employed, even beyond those rec- me to continue checking in. Many open up... has been restricting everyone’s freedom. Not NephroCare Occitanie patients were called ommended. Most of them have mastered We have to keep listening and advise on only were our patients living with the need for by the Fresenius Medical Care France teams these recommendations and an unwavering how to adjust to their living conditions. To dialysis sessions as part of their everyday life, to remind them and their families of proper willingness to do things thoroughly, just like every call, there’s a moment of surprise; you but they also counted among the so-called protective measures and give them essential healthcare staff. During conversations, we have to adapt. Others want to prolong the high-risk group due to CKD. Faced with all advice during troubled times. As the Nephro- sometimes become the “confidant” of these interview... It’s not easy to say goodbye.” 

10 Fresenius Medical Care informs 11 Jules Pena, the health and fate of others will no longer There were many moments of stress, sadness Haemodialysis Prod- be alien to us. We are coming to realise that and helplessness. We anticipated events as uct Manager: we are all connected and part of something best we could, but we could not always pre- bigger.” pare for them in full. Masks, medical gowns “I found our mission and tests were in short supply, our medical extremely useful and SPOTLIGHT ON SPAIN: colleagues were asking for help we couldn’t received a warm wel- From rumours to reality - preparing for always give, but we kept on working. When come. Families are Covid-19 we got the first two Covid-19-positive pa- afraid for their loved When we first heard in the news what was tients to be dialysed in our clinics, we did ones during this period because, as we know, happening in Wuhan and how many people it. Solidarity and vocation prevailed, and we patients with CKD are at risk. Throughout the were infected with a new virus, we weren’t were determined to fight the situation and get calls, I could see that we are not all equal in really worried: “It is nothing more than the things done. After all, we are like family at our this situation. The further I got through the flu, but with a higher transmission rate,” so NephroCare centres, staff and patients to- contact list, the more I realised the diversity of we thought… Then Italy was hit and the situ- gether. That makes us strong. their social and economic conditions. Some ation quickly escalated. By then, we knew patients work from home, others need to find ourselves that this was serious, much more A ray of hope work during the lockdown, some live in ex- serious than what we had been led to believe. After a couple of weeks, we began to see the treme solitude. But there are also the families light at the end of the tunnel. The rate of new who live together, caring for their loved ones, Protecting our patients and staff cases in our clinics was stabilising, the growth taking over all aspects and monitoring every We immediately explored how we could pro- rate of new cases decreasing. Our patients move of this vulnerable relative. tect our patients, our employees, ourselves, started to recover. We will keep on fighting our families and our surroundings. We knew because we know deep down inside that to- we needed to take action and move fast, as gether, we will overcome every challenge. “This initiative has been a gift to the situation could escalate quickly. me. It has put things in perspective SPOTLIGHT ON SERBIA: for me to manage this isolation In collaboration with the Regional Crisis Re- From patient waiting room to dialysis sponse Team, we began to elaborate guide- clinic in just four days! and realise that we all have to lines to prevent Covid-19 transmission and During the Covid-19 crisis, the Serbian team overcome the same obstacle … supported the clinics in implementing these faced the unprecedented challenge of turning We are coming to realise that we guidelines. During a crisis, consistent pro- the patients’ waiting area into a 24-station In only four days, the team from Serbia turned a are all connected and part of cesses are crucial. These specifications help dialysis clinic at breakneck speed. In only four patients’ waiting area into a dialysis unit. provide our patients and staff with the best days (and four nights) the teams did a tremen- something bigger.” protection and ensure the best possible con- dous job of realising this challenge. existing clinical structure, a temporary dialysis trol over the situation. centre had to be created to respond to the In the end, these calls were not just a profes- On 15th March 2020, Serbia moved into a needs of the haemodialysis patients at the sional mission. Little by little, these conversa- We were sure that we would do everything state of alert due to the evolving Covid-19 Clinical Hospital Zvezdara. tions became a moral necessity. I felt useful. to protect our patients and staff once they pandemic. The country was faced with the This initiative has been a gift to me. It has put entered our clinics. When the first Covid-19 massive task of organising the safe treatment Fresenius Medical Care Serbia was informed things in perspective for me to manage this cases showed up, things happened in a rush of thousands of dialysis patients. This led to of this need on 25th March. So, following anin- isolation and realise that we all have to over- until the Spanish Government decreed a total the reorganisation of the healthcare system spection of the facilities on 27th March, the come the same obstacle. We now know that lockdown on 30th March. and the available dialysis facilities. Within an team began preparing a fully functional 

12 Fresenius Medical Care informs 13 ment procedures. It also gave us leeway to fully to support one of Milan’s major hospitals in concentrate on the patients once more. equipping a brand-new emergency Covid-19 intensive care unit with our dialysis machines SPOTLIGHT ON ITALY: in just one week. Local activities during the Covid-19 outbreak We are very proud to see how by working Italy has been hit particularly hard by the closely together, we can make a big differ- first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Con- ence, not just to the lives of our chronic kid- sequently, our staff members’ personal life, ney patients, but also to other patients af- social habits, and work style were somehow fected directly by Covid-19. To demonstrate affected. Despite the challenges, the spirit in our support to the local situation, our Italian the Italian team remained strong and positive. production plant and Fresenius Medical Care The approximately 4,000 dialysis centres Italia made a significant donation to the local worldwide have further strengthened the ex- hospital in Crema. isting safety and hygiene regulations. Clinics and hospitals around the world have done the As soon as the crisis began, we immediately same, of course. initiated daily coordination with the local au- The team from the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic. thorities to harmonise measures to contain and prevent the virus’s spread. This is how “The approximately dialysis ward equipped with 24 stations and where they are privileged to be part of saving the plant experienced no delay in produc- providing dialysis on a 4-shift basis. The cen- and improving lives every day, but we know 4,000 dialysis centres worldwide tion. It has continued manufacturing activi- tre had to be operational at 6 a.m. on 1st April, this is no small burden to carry. In the UK and have further strengthened the ties while applying the strictest protection and which meant the team had just four days to Ireland, hundreds of employees demonstrate existing safety and hygiene safety measures, of course. In keeping up complete it. immense bravery, strength and tenacity. the production, we were able to support pa- regulations. Clinics and hospitals tients’ treatment in the clinics and contribute The multi-disciplinary team rose to this in- Across the UK and Ireland, compliance with around the world have done the to dialysis procedures running smoothly also credible challenge. The NephroCare team in strict government guidance on social distanc- same, of course. Due to the during this extraordinary situation. Serbia is grateful for all the help, effort and ing has resulted in all team members being re- enhanced hygiene regulations, dedication they received to make the opera- quired to adapt rapidly to new working methods And as we are all saying these days in Italy, tional dialysis clinic happen. This experience and maintain continuity in our working routines. more equipment was needed. we’re very sure that empowered the team to start treatments and Employees whose remaining on-site was not be there for their patients. considered essential from an operational per- The need for isolation and the occurrence spective have been sent home with immediate of kidney failure increased due to Covid-19. ANDRÀ SPOTLIGHT ON THE UK: effect and asked to adopt a new normal – work- Consequently, a direct result of the crisis was Collaboration and teamwork to provide ing productively in a virtual manner. We also de- an increased overall demand for acute dialy- the highest standart of patient care and veloped a comprehensive checklist of criteria sis machines. We were able to respond to TUTTO protection our teams could use to determine each clinic’s this need thanks to the concerted team ef- As the Covid-19 pandemic continues to cause suitability for potential cohorting of patients and fort of all colleagues who put in the necessary BENE! unease and uncertainty across the globe, one staff. Adapting our working routines to the chal- steps from organising the urgent supply of the constant are our staff members who do jus- lenging situation boosted the team spirit and material to installing and validating the ma- tice to the task ahead. We work in an industry brought clarity to our decisionmaking and treat- chines. For example, the team rallied together (everything will be OK!) 

14 Fresenius Medical Care informs 15 “Have you eaten your rice today?”

This question is a typical Chinese greeting instead of “Hello” or “How are you?” The counterpart is expected to always reply with a “Yes”. Rice is the oldest known food that is still widely consumed today. So it is worth taking a closer look at where it comes from, how it is grown and what it can do for you.

For half the world’s population, rice repre- Rice production and harvesting sents food and life. The cereal grain is consid- Asia has more than 200 million rice farms, ered a gift of God and charged with symbolic most of them small ones with less than one connotations. For example, rice was tradition- hectare of land. For millions of Asians living in ally thrown at weddings because it is a sym- rural areas, rice-based farming is the main bol of life and fertility. So, of course, various economic activity. One of the best-known cul- myths surround the origins of this staple food. tivation areas are the Banaue Rice Terraces in According to one legend, Retna Dumila, an the Philippines, commonly referred to as the Indian girl wooed by Shiva, confronted the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. These 2,000- god with a challenge to win her heart. He year-old terraces were carved into the moun- should find a dish that anyone could eat at tains of Ifugao by ancestors of the indigenous any time without ever feeling unwilling to do people. However, rice can be grown practi- so. During the god’s futile search, the girl died. cally anywhere, yet the growing methods dif- On her grave then grew a plant that con- fer significantly in different localities. quered the world with its tasty grains. In most Asian countries, the traditional hand There is some evidence that rice has been methods of cultivating and harvesting rice are grown in Asia for 5 - 6,000 years or longer. It still practiced, though. Its cultivation takes was spread through Asia and then introduced several steps. First, the seedlings are started to Europe. This route illustrates its importance in seedling beds. Meanwhile, the fields are in Asian countries. It is no wonder that it has prepared. After they have been plowed, ferti- found its way into the language, too. For ex- lized, smoothed and then flooded – either by ample, at the beginning of the New Year, peo- rain or river water –, the 30-50 days old rice ple in China do not say “Happy New Year!” plants are transported by hand to the fields. but “May your rice never burn!” Also, in Japan, Rice fields need constant irrigation, which is people did not think in terms of breakfast, why they are built in artificial swamps. During lunch and dinner, but rather morning rice (asa the growing season, the fields are kept well- gohan), afternoon rice (hiru gohan) and even- watered by canals or hand watering. After ing rice (ban gohan). 105 to 150 days, the grains can be 

16 Recipes 17 Wild Rice

harvested, including cutting and threshing countries know a long-standing tradition of the plants. A single seed of rice will result in rice cultivation. In Africa, where it has been over 3,000 grains. cultivated for about 3,500 years, rice is the fastest-growing staple food. Nevertheless, Apart from transplanting, the second main during the last 40-50 years, rice consumption practice of establishing rice plants is direct has grown even faster. The demand in Africa seeding. It requires less labour and can be has outgrown the regional rice supply, mak- Brown Rice done manually or by machine. Dry or pre- ing increasing imports necessary. With wom- Red Rice germinated seeds are spread on dry or irri- en going off to work and men working at Aborio Rice Patna Rice gated soil and then incorporated. Due to in- greater distances from home, people eat Black Rice creasing labour costs, this method is mostly more rice than ever before. It is quickly pre- used in Latin-America, for example. pared and has thus become a major foodstuff. In many West-African areas, rice is cultivated rieties, the exact figure being uncertain. They Calasparra and Bomba Rice belong to the The harvesting can also be done manually or predominantly by women farmers who have are divided into two main groups, long-grain- Indiaca group despite their short grains. Both mechanically. Again, the labour-intensive made it an essential part of their income. rice (Indica) and medium- and short- or can absorb a lot of liquid and remain distinct manual harvesting is common across most of round-grain rice (Japonica). Long-grain rice and un-sticky when fully cooked, due to their Asia. Mechanical harvesting is less common A huge diversity of varieties works well in such dishes as pilaf, stir-fry, sal- relatively low amylopectin content. This is why because the machinery is expensive and of- The Greek called rice oryza, the Romans arisa, ad, soup and the like, as the cooked grains they are recommended for paella recipes. ten difficult to obtain. which ten became riso in Italian. It is harvest- are lighter, fluffier and more separated than ed from the Oryza sativa plant (Asian rice) or medium- or short-grain rice. The medium You will also know some basic grades Although Asia alone produces and consumes the Oryza glaberrima (African rice). Rice is grains tend to cling together, the round grains from the Japonica group: roughly 90 percent of the world’s rice, many said to be cultivated in more than 40,000 va- are soft and chewy when cooked. This makes Sticky/glutinous rice sticks together after them a good choice for dishes with a cream- cooking due to its high starch content (called ier consistency, such as risotto or rice pud- amylopectin). It is ideal for eating with chop- ding, as well as sushi and other Asian dishes. sticks and is primarily used in Asian cuisines, both in sweet dishes and as a side dish. Here are at least some of the most widely known types from the Indica group: Arborio (with a characteristic white dot at the Basmati Rice, originally from India, is very center of the grain) and Carnaroli are short- aromatic and spreads its delightful fragrance grain rice varieties grown in Italy. They devel- during preparation. It got its name from this op a creamy texture and are therefore primar- characteristic, as basamati means scent. ily used in risotto.

Jasmine (or Thai Fragrant) Rice smells Sushi Rice with its oval form is especially very appetising, too. As the grains are not as used for sushi, the name says it all. Its sticki- long as the Basmati rice, they are stickier ness holds the typical sushi shape together. It when cooked. is often mixed with a specific vinegar mari- nade to obtain that typical sushi rice taste. Patna Rice, originally from the Indian pen- insula, is the most widely known long grain Red Rice, medium-grain rice originally from rice. India, is unpolished with honey-red bran. It is 

18 18 Recipes 19 grown in the Camargue region as organic rice. provide fast and instant energy, regulate and DID YOU KNOW? Cooked grains have a savoury, nutty flavour. improve bowel movements, help weight loss efforts and stabilise blood sugar levels. It also For the Great Wall of China, sticky Black Rice, raw too, has, of course, dark provides an essential source of vitamin B1 to rice was used to hold the wall’s black bran. When cooked, it is slightly chewy the human body. Containing many essential stones together. with a subtle sweet spiciness. nutrients, it should be part of a balanced diet. The metabolism, digestion, blood pressure What car do you drive? Honda High in nutritional values and the immune system can also benefit from means “main rice field”, Toyota The nutrient value of rice depends on the va- rice intake. Rice also has minerals and anti- means “bountiful rice field”. riety and cooking method. Nutrients provided oxidants that keep the skin soft and smooth by rice include carbohydrate, B vitamins, iron, and can slow down the aging process. The Japanese rice wine Sake is zinc, magnesium and other components such made by fermenting rice that has as fibre. Rice is naturally gluten-free, does not Rice and rice products can contain carcino- been polished o remove the bran. have sodium or cholesterol and barely any fat. genic inorganic arsenic, though. This chemical into the environment through phosphate ferti- The health benefits of rice include its ability to element is inherent in the earth’s crust. It leaks liser and sludge. It thus gets into food and po- Rice is grown on every continent on table water via the groundwater. As the rice earth, except in Antarctica. fields are submerged in water, the plant ab- sorbs particularly much arsenic via the roots. Some jewellery designers write a person’s name on a grain of rice. Although arsenic in rice cannot be avoided It is worn as a pendant in a small entirely, there is no reason to shun it altogeth- glass vial as a personalised piece er. First, it is essential to know that the ele- of jewellery. ment settles in the outer layers of the grain. Consequently, husked rice contains less ar- Botanically, wild rice is not rice at all. senic than brown rice. Second, the rice It is a type of commercial rice or should be thoroughly washed and then Zizania. cooked with a lot of water. Thereby, arsenic dissolves and can be poured off with the sur- If stored properly, uncooked white plus cooking water. This method also reduces rice can remain fresh and edible for the potassium load, as potassium is water- 10 – 30 years. soluble, so you kill two birds with one stone. Rice is an extremely versatile staple food and offers savoury meals as a main ingredient or side dish. Due to its broad range of varieties and consistencies, it adapts well to any meal, allowing endless tasty combinations. It is no wonder that it is so popular worldwide and has found its way into many recipes known as typical for a specific country. On the following pages, you find two one-pot dishes ideal for the wintertime. 

20 Recipes 21 One-pot chicken and rice

After a journey into the world of rice it is now time for practice. Two recipes with two different types of rice bring that world into your kitchen. Different flavours and different consistencies included. Try out this delicious One-tpot for yourself!

Serves 4 Ingredients Preparation 3 tbsp rapeseed oil Heat oil in a large pot over medium-high heat. 320 g chicken breast fillet, Add chicken breast and cook until browned, cut into chunks stirring often. First add onions and garlic, let 1 small onion (70 g), finely chopped them fry until translucent, then add the red 2 cloves garlic, minced pepper and cook for 30 seconds more. Stir in 1 red pepper (150 g), rice and chicken broth. Bring to a boil, reduce cut in small chunks to a simmer, and cover. Cook for 15 - 20 240 g long grain rice minutes, stirring occasionally. If necessary, 400 ml of vegetable broth add more water or broth. Remove pot from Fresh parsley for topping heat, place fresh parsley on top of the rice and serve.

Tip: Use spices like chilli flakes, curry powder, ginger or curcuma according to taste! 

Nutritional values per serving: Energy 441 kcal Protein 22 mg Carbohydrates 55,7 g Fat 15 g Sodium 197 mg Phosphorus 239 mg Potassium 500 mg TIP: For this one-pot chicken and rice recipe you can follow your personal preference Liquid 211 mg and use either long-grain, Basmati or Jasmine rice. Calcium 43,9 mg

22 Recipes 23 Beetroot risotto with parmesan and walnuts

Here is a second rice dish to put your new knowledge about rice into practice. A nourishing, creamy risotto always makes a wonderful meal for the autumn and wintertime. This beetroot risotto combines the specific earthy flavour with its stunning red colour. Try it out for yourself!

Serves 4 Ingredients Preparation 1 small onion (70 g) Finely dice the onions and sauté in olive oil. 1 tablespoon olive oil Add the dry rice and cook until translucent. 240 g risotto rice Deglaze with wine, and wait until liquid is 125 ml white wine nearly absorbed, stirring constantly. Then add 250 ml vegetable broth the first ladle of warm vegetable broth. Let the 150 g beetroot, pre-cooked liquid evaporate before adding the next one. 80 g butter, cold Finely chop the pre-cooked beetroot and add 100 g parmesan, grated to the rice after 15 minutes. When the rice is al 60 g walnuts, chopped dente, reduce the heat. Stir the cold butter and then the grated parmesan into the risotto. Sprinkle each serving with 1 tablespoon of chopped walnuts.

Tip: Also tastes good with horseradish. Serve the beetroot risotto with a tablespoon of horseradish sauce on top instead of walnuts. 

Nutritional values per serving: Energy 497 kcal Protein 11,6 mg Carbohydrates 55,3 g Fat 24 g Sodium 225 mg Phosphorus 260 mg Potassium 277 mg TIP: This risotto makes a delicious vegetarian main dish, but you can also serve it Liquid 151 mg as a side dish with almost any meat, from chicken to fish and beef. Calcium 208 mg

24 Recipes 25 A VERY PERSONAL ADVENT CALENDAR

Though usually made of cardboard showing Gifts from the heart nativity scenes or winter motives, here is an illustrated instruction to make one yourself. A homemade calendar is a very personal gift to give to our children, family or friends. You can Children are so very proud when they can present their first self-made gifts. fill the bags with whatever you – or the person Grown-ups have often lost that joy. When did that happen? it is intended for – like, chocolate, little gifts, Let us return to our younger days’ habits and give the most precious gifts of all: meaningful quotations or handwritten poems, those of our time, our thoughts and our love. vouchers, photographs... There are no limits.

When the temperatures drop and the world ber to 24th December. The tradition of antici- seems to move slower, when people are pating Christmas by opening one window drawn indoors to a hot cup of tea or a cosy every day is of German origin. The first calen- fire, the world somehow seems to make room dar, made by handwork, can be traced back for the holiday season. People like to adorn to 1851. From the late 1950s, calendars filled their homes with seasonal decorations and with chocolate began to appear. Around that scented candles. As we all have more time on time, they also began to spread around the our hands during the winter months, here are world. US-President Eisenhower has been a couple of suggestions to while away the photographed while opening the windows You need 24 small paper bags, glue, decorative mate- Decorate the bags in any way you like, with stars, time with homemade decorations and pre- with his grandchildren. Today, the calendars rial, a thin string to attach the bags, one thick string or glittering snowflakes, little drawings. Remember to a dry branch to hang the bags on. You can also use put a number from 1 to 24 on every one of the bags. sents. are a global phenomenon, even seeing a stickers or stamps with Christmas motives. boost in popularity in recent years. The idea behind it goes further than giving something personal. Everybody has leftovers Advent calendars have known many varia- at home, things nobody needs any longer. tions. Virtual calendars offer funny gimmicks Before throwing them away, the concept of on the internet, city hall buildings illuminate 24 upcycling is becoming more and more attrac- of their windows. A unique variation is the liv- tive. Instead of throwing fabric remnants, sin- ing calendar, where people meet every day in gle buttons, knitting yarn, pieces of coloured Advent in front of a different “window” – a paper away, put them to an alternative use! building or a square – which has been festively decorated. At the respective station, the Anticipating Christmas participants sing songs, tell Christmas stories The selection of do-it-yourself tutorials has to and offer culinary delights. do with festive decoration meant to bring the Christmas spirit to your homes – from candles The next pages give you some ideas for do- and candle holders to tree ornaments. Let’s it-yourself Christmas decorations. Have fun start with a homemade Advent calendar. doing some handicrafts and enjoy the festive An Advent calendar counts down the time mood created by having them around.  until Christmas Eve, from the First of Decem-

26 Inspiring 26 27 FESTIVELY DECORATED CANDLE TEXTURED DECORATION FOR THE CHRISTMAS TREE

This candle adds a festive touch These embossed clay stars are easy to make to any living room and spreads a and give an individual touch to your Christ- pleasant cinnamon scent. mas tree or Advent arrangement.

You need a block of air-hardening modelling clay, Cut out the clay shapes with your cookie cutters. Put preferredly white (can be ordered online), a rolling pin, a hole in every piece’s tip by using a straw or pen, but patterned rubber stamps or paper doilies, pine needles don’t place it too close to the edge of your shape. The or anything else you want to use to make an impres- clay needs to be thick enough not to break when you sion in the clay, cookie cutters in any form (star, flower, attach the ribbon. heart), decorative ribbons and possibly sandpaper.

Roll out the air-drying clay evenly to about 5mm thick. Leave the items to dry for 24-48 hours. Should they The thicker the clay, the longer it takes to dry! Press the curl during the drying process, simply turn them over. rubber stamps evenly into the clay. If you are working Finally, thread a sufficiently long ribbon through the with a paper doily or other flat items, use the rolling pin hole and tie a knot to hang. Sand away any rough to firmly press the material into the clay. Make sure to edges with fine sandpaper to get a smooth finish. apply even pressure.

You need a pillar candle (white), 20-25 cinnamon Apply the glue in small dots alongside the cinnamon sticks, a decorative band, various little decorative ob- sticks. Press the adhesive side of the stick several jects and glue. A hot glue gun is the most accurate seconds to the candle. Proceed until the candle is way to apply the adhesive. fully covered.

Measure a piece of the decorative band around the Apply little objects like mini cones, star aniseed or candle. Fix it with glue. dried orange slices. Glue them to the decorative band where the ends meet.

28 Inspiring 29 FRAGRANT ORANGE CANDLEHOLDER

These colourful seasonal candleholders look Brain calisthenics very pretty on your dining table or the window Stretch your mind with these challenging brain teasers. sill. And they scent your rooms deliciously. Whether you do them in a group or with others, remember the most important part: having fun!

You need 1-3 oranges, 1-3 tea lights, cloves, a knife, How do you want your oranges to look like? Choose a spoon, a pen (for marking your pattern), various your own pattern – for example, curved lines, stars or little decorative objects (if desired) and glue. a heart – and mark the fruits beforehand with little dots.

SUDOKU When completing the fields, the numbers from 1 to 9 may be entered only once in each unit, that is, in each row, column and block.

Easy Moderate

Trace the form of a tea light on the orange. Cut around Stick the cloves side by side into the orange along 5 3 the form and spoon it out as deep as needed. your marked lines. 8 3 1 4 1 4 8 9 2 4 5 7 2 3 7 9 3 1 2 7 5 8 Put the tea light into the created cavity. You can decorate the oranges with star anise, mini cones or anything you have at hand. Aperibus quaeperumque est quis ma volut rem ipici 9 6

30 Inspiring 31 Boost your immune system How to get through a cold winter There are several key factors to keeping your without a winter cold immune system strong:

• Be active: Frequently take a walk, breath- When it is cold outside, the immune system has to work overtime. The winter months ing in the fresh air. Keep warm, though, have always been flu season. Consequently, people are not only more prone to because low body temperatures also im- catching a cold, they also get infected with the flu or, newly, Covid-19 more easily. pair the immune system’s capacity to Especially with this new virus in view, staying healthy is crucial. fight unwanted germs! A couple of measures can help you prevent catching a chill, a virus or any kind of • Eat healthy food: For example, herbs respiratory ailment. Here’s to your health! and vegetables contain vitamin C, which thoughts. Being aware of this is one important is actively involved in the defence against factor to influence your mood. As Marcus Au- viruses and bacteria. Make sure you get relius said: “The happiness of your life de- When the air is cold and dry, the influenza Patients with a primary chronic disease such enough of it, through food or via supple- pends upon the quality of your thoughts.” virus literally jumps from person to person. as CKD are rated as high-risk patients and ments. Studies have shown that transmission rates should keep a very close eye on staying • Get plenty of rest: Lack of sleep weak- The feeling of gratitude is powerful, too, and it are highest when temperature and humidity healthy. On top of that, sneezing and cough- ens the immune system’s ability to iden- is so easy to create. No matter what mood are both low. Even when we turn the heat on ing in public is more frowned upon in times of tify and kill infected cells. So, assist your you are in, if you recall what you could be to make our homes cosy, the air stays dry Covid-19 than ever before. Scientists are just defences by regularly getting a good thankful for, your mood will spontaneously unless we employ a humidifier. The same ap- begining to collect findings about the new vi- night’s sleep. brighten and improve. You could also do plies to the Covid-19 virus. It is suspected rus. As we do not know anything about a co- • Stay warm: Heat your home to at least something that will put you in high spirits in- that temperature and humidity in the environ- infection with the flu and Covid-19, we have 18°C. Feeling chilly facilitates catching a stantly. Watch a funny movie or comedy clip, ment also affect the severity of Covid-19 to stick to the common preventive measures. chill. If possible, use a humidifier. listen to your personal good-mood music symptoms. The findings of researchers from Rest assured, there are a bunch of effective playlist or CD, read a couple of jokes or a Europe and China indicate that the disease is steps you can adopt to keep well this winter. Smile often humorous story. Meet with friends or  more severe in colder months than warmer Yoko Ono recommended: “Smile in the mirror. ones, and that dry indoor air may encourage Do that every morning and you’ll start to see a the spread of the disease. big difference in your life.” A smile not only does you and your surroundings good, it is  indeed a boost for your natural defences. The Symptoms of a cold Symptoms of the flu Covid-19 symptoms more cheerful you are, the easier the work is • a sore throat • usually high fever • a cough for your immune system. A smile is indeed a • sneezing (38–40 degrees Celsius) • a high temperature boost for your natural defences. For some, • running nose • shivering (at least 38˚C) that is easier said than done, especially when • mild fever • muscle aches • shortness of breath the days are grey and dull. So, how do you • Mild headache, often • enfeebling fatigue • a sore throat put yourself in a good mood when you don’t due to congested • (possibly severe) • sneezing, a runny nose feel it? In that case, you could ask yourself: sinuses headache • temporary loss of smell. Who is the boss? What you think determines • Sometimes a cough. • dry cough that may • diarrhoea what you feel. And who decides what you become moist think? You have the power to choose how you want to feel because you can control your

32 Here's to your health 33 remember a wonderful event or your last hol- pain is uncommon for a cold. You may feel it iday. What amuses you? Put together your coming over a couple of days, while the onset own favourite list of strategies. That will sure- of flu symptoms is rather sudden. The flu ly put a smile on your face. makes bed rest necessary, as patients are usually bone-tired. Follow the hygiene recommendations While more and more assured facts about Covid-19 symptoms are similar to several other Covid-19 become known, the population in respiratory illnesses that are much more com- general and medical staff, in particular, learn mon, such as colds or the flu. These symptoms about the pandemic while going through the do not necessarily mean you have Covid-19. process. For your wellbeing and that of oth- Make sure you get tested nonetheless. ers, you should follow some preventive measures: If you are unsure whether you need to be • Wash your hands with soap for tested, call your GP or contact person on the 20-30 seconds and dry them well. NephroCare team. • Cover your coughs and sneezes, Whether it is the flu or just a cold, if you show best with your elbow. any symptoms, avoid spreading bugs. The • Avoid touching your face with hygiene measures stated above apply even unclean hands. more strictly. Stay at home and wear a face • Don’t share personal items such as cups, mask if you have to come near other people. food utensils or towels. The illness is spread by droplets. Without a • Clean and disinfect surfaces often, mask, the droplets spray out and may reach like doorknobs. other people and surfaces. A face mask helps • Stay home if you are sick and avoid close stop droplets spreading when someone contact with others. speaks, laughs, coughs or sneezes. • Keep coughs away from other people. • Wear a face mask. Influenza or even a severe cold could affect your overall health. That is why the winter Frequent – and long enough – hand washing months with low temperatures and dry air is much more effective in warding off pesky represent a challenge for many. By complying germs than using a disinfectant on your skin with a small set of essential precaution meas- A side note on vaccination: all the time. Hum the ‘Happy Birthday’ song ures, you have no reason not to enjoy this Patients with a primary disease like CKD are recommended to get the flu vaccine each under your breath twice in a row while wash- beautiful time of year. Your body will thank year. Even though a serum against Covid-19 has not yet been developed, the regular flu ing your hands. That roughly fills the recom- you for this inner stance. Stay healthy and vaccine remains a vital protective measure, especially for high-risk and elderly people. mended timeframe. All the better if it also puts enjoy the winter!  a smile on your face. As a risk reduction is extremely important, you should consult with your treating physician about vaccination against influenza for several reasons: A runny nose could be just that References • Less chance of simultaneous infection Kifer, D., et al.: “Effects of environmental factors on severity and A common cold can easily be cured at home. mortality of COVID-19”, MedRxiv 07/2020 (preprint), doi: https:// • Less chance of acquiring influenza Even though you may feel tired or have aches, doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.11.20147157. • Lower risk of being hospitalised on Covid-19 suspicion. Jopp, Andreas. Risikofaktor Vitaminmangel (Vitamins. Life´s hidden most symptoms are above the neck. Muscle miracle.), Stuttgart (TRIAS) 2017.

34 Here's to your health 35 Let’s celebrate – it’s wintertime

„It’s the most wonderful time of the year“, Andy Williams has been singing for decades every year around Christmas, „it’s the happiest season of all”. The month of Decem- ber is one long string of celebrations all around the world that last well into January – from merry festivities to unique traditions and mystical events.

During the winter months, one of the most lieved to arrive by boat in Hawaii, on water important feasts is Christmas, of course. The skis in Australia, and in Ghana he comes out traditions to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ of the jungle. vary a lot, though. Many families decorate their homes and a tree with bright lights, can- These examples show that Christmas isn’t the dles, holly, mistletoe and ornaments. In many same all over the world. Coptic Christmas is European countries, children are told that the not only celebrated differently but on a differ- Christ Child brings them presents the night ent day altogether. Copts prepare special before Christmas. Santa Claus is said to dishes, go to mass and play Nativity scenes come from the North Pole in a sleigh to de- showing the baby Jesus born in a cave, not a liver gifts in the United States, while he is be- manger. Baba Noel – or Father Christmas – leaves sweet pastries called kahk. Though mainly associated with Egypt, it is celebrated by Coptic Christians in Ethiopia, Ukraine, Russia and other places. The date around 7th January follows the Julian (Orthodox) calendar and, therefore, also called Orthodox Christ- mas. Coptic and Orthodox traditions differ but are celebrated on the same day.

A widely known feast around the same time is Hanukkah, celebrated by Jewish people for eight days each November or December. Ac- cording to legend, one day’s worth of oil burned for eight days in the temple. The Jews remember this ancient miracle every year with prayer, special food and the lighting of the Ha- The special chandelier holds the eight candles How exciting when Santa Claus opens his sack nukkiah. This eight-armed candelabrum bears for every Hanukkah night and a ninth candle called full of presents. one candle for every night of the festivities.  “helper” or “servant” used to light all other candles.

36 Different countries – different habits 37 Scandinavia knows St. Lucia Day on 13th De- The first day of the year, New Year’s Day, is The Norwegians believe that witches and oth- cember, which marked the old calendar’s welcomed at midnight with fireworks in many er spirits mischievously stole brooms from winter solstice. Norse pagan customs to fight countries worldwide. Various traditions and households to ride on Christmas Eve. That is the long dark winters and Christian rites in symbols aim at ensuring good fortune and why people in Norway hide their brooms be- honour of the martyr Saint Lucy of Syracuse wealth for the new year. The Chinese New fore going to bed that night. A Celtic holiday merge and make this holiday one of the Scan- Year, falling on different dates between 21st known as Imbolc celebrates its annual ritual dinavian calendar highlights. It is a stunning January and 20th February each year, is the on The Hill of the Witch in Ireland. On the hill, spectacle to watch girls dress up as “Lucia most important Chinese holiday. The celebra- a 5,000-year-old sacred burial complex is brides” in long white gowns with a red sash, tion with traditional dances, fireworks and pa- situated where a beam of the rising sun pen- wearing a wreath of burning candles on their rades lasts for about 15 days. etrates the inner chamber and illuminates a heads. They gather in outdoor processions white rock within the complex. As this hap- singing traditional songs and carrying food. Following the Orthodox calendar, the pens in between the solstice and the equinox, Ukraine’s New Year celebration falls in mid- the event is said to forecast the winter dura- Vast quantities of candles are also implicated January and is called Malanka. People wear tion. According to the legend, a witch ap- in the Day of the Little Candles in Colombia. masks or costumes that are often modelled pears on the hillside to gather firewood. The On the Seventh of December, the Día de las after bears, goats or even devils that may re- winter will drag on depending on the quantity On St. Lucia Day, young women gather in a procession Velitas initiates the Christmas season cele- mind Western Europeans of the Mardi Gras of wood she needs. lighting the way through the darkness of winter. brating the Virgin Mary on the eve of the Im- tradition. Singing and dancing through the maculate Conception Feast. Tiny lights illumi- town, they let loose on practical jokes and All these different traditions and the nuanc- The Kwanzaa tradition is based on ancient nate buildings and houses across the country rowdy humour. es in telling the legends make our world so African harvest festivals and celebrated by while paper lanterns and electric lights light up colourful. Wherever you go, join in the fes- African-Americans in the United States from the night. Friends and families get together Celebrating some droll traditions tivities as part of a people’s cultural herit- 26th December to the First of January. During and admire their illuminations. In many corners of the world, people devel- age.  this holiday that commemorates African herit- oped some rather funny or odd rituals. For age, families and friends gather to exchange example, on Christmas day, Czech unmarried gifts and celebrate the seven fundamental women throw a shoe at their house – the de- values of African-American family life: unity, cisive factor being how the shoe lands. If the self-determination, collective work and re- heel faces the house, the woman must ex- sponsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, pect to be single throughout the next year. creativity and faith. To symbolize these values, In Zurich in Switzerland, the end of winter is people light a series of black, red and green celebrated with the Sechseläuten, ringing the candles. bells at six p. m. This tradition goes back to the 16th century when Council of the Zurich Celebrating around the world guilds decreed to schedule end of work one A lot of beautiful festivals happen throughout hour later in the summer months, with the the winter months. Especially the winter sol- bells ringing at six o’clock. A massive artificial stice, celebrating the longest night – or the snowman called Böögg is filled with wood shortest day – has known a lot of ancient tra- wool and firecrackers and burnt atop a ditions that have merged into popular festivals 30-foot-tall pyre. The sooner the Böögg ex- during the holiday season. plodes, so they say, the sooner summer will Malanka calls for enormous costumes. come. The Swiss send off the winter by burning a Böögg.

38 Different countries – different habits 39 Brain calisthenics solutions

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