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MIXED MIGRATION MIXED FLOWS IN THE MIGRATION MEDITERRANEAN CompilationFLOWS of Available IN THE DataMEDITERRANEAN and Information MayCompilation 2020 of Available Data and Information June 2019

migration.iom.int displacement.iom.int [email protected]

IOM 2018 - Informative session upon disembarkation, Sicily MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

TRC Borići, Bihać; © IOM /November 2018

Contents Highlights...... 3 Policy Developments EU – Statement and the Eastern Mediterranean route...... 4 COVID-19 Outbreak...... 4 Mobility impacts of COVID-19 ...... 4 Overview of Arrivals & Registered Irregular Apprehensions. . . . .5 Overview Maps...... 6 About...... 10 Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)...... 10 DTM ...... 10

Photo/ cover page: Syrian refugees crossing the Serbian-Croatian border. © Francesco Malavolta/IOM 2015 2 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

A total of 3,1231 migrants and refugees arrived in Europe through different A total of 1,105 migrants and refugees were registered entering Spain in land and sea routes in May 2020, which is 88 per cent more than the 1,658 May 2020, 34 per cent more than the previous month (824 in April 2020), registered in the previous month (April 2020), 2 times less than the 7,360 43 per cent less the 1,972 registered in May 2019 and about four times sea and land arrivals registered in May last year, and 4 times less than the less than the 3,937 registered in the same period of 2018. Among the 13,043 arrivals registered in May 2018, and almost 9 times less than the total arrivals to Spain in 2020, 83 per cent arrived by sea: this includes 26,585 reported in May 2017. 34 per cent of total arrivals to the Canary Islands, 49 per cent to the Arrivals registered in Europe in the first five months of 2020 were23,422 , peninsular coasts of the of Murcia and of the Comunidad Valenciana which is 24 per cent less than arrivals registered in the same period last and to the Balearic Islands and 1 per cent to the autonomous city of Ceuta. year (30,924) and 31 per cent less than arrivals between January and May The remaining 17 per cent arrived by land to the autonomous cities of of 2018 (44,924). Melilla (15%) and Ceuta (2%) on the north coast of . According to the available data, provided by the Spanish Ministry of Interior, the most There were 1,726 registered on the Central Mediterranean route common country of origin among the arrivals by sea in 2020 was Algeria (55%), arriving by sea to Italy and , in May 2020. Another 1,105 (30%), followed by Morocco (13%), Guinea (12%), Mali (10%), Côte d’Ivoire arrivals registered on the (35%) leading Western Mediterranean route (9%), Senegal (6%) and others. to Spain2 in the same period and 292 were registered in and through the Eastern Mediterranean route (only 9% of total Hellenic Authorities reported 228 new arrivals in May 2020, which registered arrivals in Europe). Hence, this is the second time since February represents an increase compared to previous month of April when 77 new 2019 that Eastern Mediterranean route is surpassed by both the Western arrivals were registered. May arrivals in Greece are about 90 per cent less and Central Mediterranean routes as the main route taken by migrants than the 2,314 registered in March 2020), about 93 per cent less than the and refugees travelling to Europe by sea and land. In the same reporting 3,153 registered in May 2019, and 21 times less than the 4,802 reported 4 period of the last year (May 2019), the Eastern Mediterranean route was in May 2018. According to available data, the most frequently registered recorded as the most active route with 4,230 arrivals (58% of the total), nationality of arrivals to Greece by sea in 2020 so far was Afghanistan (39%) followed by the Western Mediterranean route with 1,972 registered arrivals followed by the Syrian Arab (25%), Somalia (6%), the Democratic (27%) and the Central Mediterranean route with 1,158 registered arrivals Republic of Congo (5%), and others. Authorities in Bulgaria registered (16%). In May 2018, 40 per cent of all arrivals in Europe were registered on 64 new arrivals in May 2020, which is more than three times the arrivals the Eastern Mediterranean route (5,143), while arrivals on the on Central registered in April (20), and about five time less of the arrivals registered in Mediterranean were 3,963 (30%) and on Western Mediterranean route May 2019 (318). 3,937 (30%). In addition to first-arrival countries, after a significant decrease of the Italian authorities reported 1,654 arrivals in May 2020. Arrivals in this period apprehensions registered in the previous reporting periods (March – April have significantly increased in comparison with April 2020 (671) and were 2020), authorities in countries and areas in the Western region more than two times higher than the 782 arrivals registered in May 2019, reported an increase in monthly registrations of new migrants and refugees. but were almost three times less than the 3,963 reported arrivals to Italy in Hence, reported apprehensions in May 2020 were 4,011 which is almost May 2018. The most frequently registered nationalities3 of migrants arriving three times the 1,576 reported in April 2020, almost three times less as to Italy by sea in 2020 so far were Bangladesh (19%) and Côte d’Ivoire and compared to the 9,827 reported in May last year, and about 33 per cent Tunisia (13% each), followed by Sudan (8%), Algeria (7%), Morocco (6%) less than the 6,001 reported in May 2018. (6,076), and other African and Southern Asian countries. According to official data, (5,374) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (5,047) represent together 55 per cent about 38 per cent of all arrivals in Italy departed from Tunisia, 36 per cent of all 29,778 arrivals registered in the region since the beginning of 2020. departed from and the rest departed from Algeria (22%), Greece Afghanistan continues to be the most frequently reported nationality among (3%) and (1%). In addition, there were 72 registered arrivals in migrants and refugees intercepted transiting the Western Balkans recorded Malta in May 2020, which is slightly more than the 66 arrivals registered in May 2020, which has been the case each month since October 2019, the previous month (April 2020). According to available data from national and particularly in (49%), (27%) and Serbia (24%). authorities, Sudan was the most frequently reported nationality at arrival Nationals of Pakistan are also prominent among those recorded transiting in 2020 so far (32%), followed by Bangladesh (16%) and Somalia (14%). the region, particularly in Croatia (31%) and (24%). Morocco Arrivals to Malta are reported to have departed from Libya. nationals are the third most frequently registered nationality in the Western Balkans by the end of May 2020, and the most common nationality of those registered are registered in Albania (48%) and Slovenia (30%). Figure 1: Arrivals to Europe via the Western, Central and Eastern Mediterranean routes by month, 2018-2020

14,000

12475 12,000 11,788

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0 Jul Jul Jun Jun Sep Feb Sep Feb Feb Aug Oct Mar Apr Aug Oct Mar Apr Mar Apr May May May Nov Nov Jan-20 Jan-19 Jan-18 Dec-19 Dec-18

Western Route Central Route Eastern Route

1 Data on arrivals to in 2020 are not available at the time of closing this report. Data on land arrivals to Greece are not available for the month of May. 2 Arrivals to Spain include arrivals to the Canary Islands. 3 The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants as reported by the national authorities. 4 Data on nationalities at arrivals in Greece are not available for May 2020. 3 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

POLICY DEVELOPMENTS

EU – Turkey Statement and the Eastern Mediterranean route

In response to the arrival of almost one million migrants and refugees from the and Africa through the Eastern Mediterranean route in the second half of 2015 and the first three months of 2016, the European Union (EU) and Turkey agreed on a plan to end irregular migration flows from Turkey to the EU on 18 March 2016. The document states that from 20 March 2016 all persons who do not have a right to international protection in Greece will be returned to Turkey, based on the Readmission Agreement from 2016 signed between the countries (the whole document is available here). At the same time, it was agreed to facilitate the resettlement of Syrian refugees from Turkey to many European countries (European Economic Area, EEA). The total number of Syrian refugees resettled so far, between April 2016 and May 2020 is 30,407. No movement took place during April and May 2020 due to mobility restrictions undertaken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

Figure 2: Number of Syrian refugees resettled from Turkey to Europe (EEA) between April 2016 and May 20205

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0 Italy Spain Malta Latvia France Ireland Finland Austria Estoni a Croatia Belgium Swed en Norway Slovenia Portugal Lithuania Denmark Germa ny Switzerland Netherlands Luxemb ou rg United Kingdom United

A significant decrease in arrivals in Greece was observed starting from the second quarter (April – June) of 2016 until mid-2019. From the 152,617 arrivals in Greece registered in the first quarter of 2016, a drastic drop was registered in the second quarter of 2016 with 7,498 new entries by land and by sea. Arrivals in 2017 were around 8,800 each quarter on average, with the second quarter marking a record low of 6,272 new entries that year. A more sustained trend was observed over 2018, with quarterly arrivals at around 12,500 new entries on average. Arrivals registered in the first half of 2019 (18,448) were 19 per cent lower than in the first half of 2018 (22,899), but a new increase was observed during the third quarter of the year: arrivals between July and September 2019 (26,852) are higher than the totals of the first and second quarter this year (8,162 and 10,286, respectively), and the trend was confirmed in the fourth quarter (26,086). Hence, arrivals in Greece in 2019 (71,386) were higher of arrivals registered in Spain (32,513) and Italy (11,471) for the same year, and represented a 42 per cent increase for registered arrivals in the country when compared to those in 2018 (50,215).

5 The figure includes the number of refugees from the Syrian Arab Republic assisted by IOM Turkey through the 1:1 resettlement scheme as well as other bilateral programs.

4 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

COVID-19 Outbreak Policy and Mobility Impacts of COVID-19

Since it was initially reported on 31 December 2019, the illness known Since mid-March, most countries in the Mediterranean region started as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across to implement several measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic the globe, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare including but not limited to border closures and intensified controls at it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 29 May, there were nearly 5.6 land and sea border points. On April, Italy declared the Italian ports million confirmed cases and over 353,300 deaths have been reported not a Place of Safety during the national emergency declared for 6 globally since the outbreak began. Confirmed cases have been reported months on January in relation to COVID-199 and Malta declared the in more than 200 countries/territories/areas, with new cases and country could not accommodate the disembarkation of new migrants countries reporting daily. to the COVID-19 health emergency.10 Since the beginning of May the Italian Ministry of Interior has mandated the Department of Civil The unprecedented effect of COVID-19 on global mobility is presently Protection and the Italian Red Cross to manage two rented ferry boats, in flux. Some governments and authorities are maintaining existing anchored in harbours’ areas in Sicily, where arriving migrants should restrictions imposed to curb the spread of the virus, while others have spend a quarantine period of 14 days before disembarking. During May, begun to ease blanket mobility restrictions and conditions for entry. Maltese authorities have transferred all rescued migrants during the Globally, registered travel restrictions reached 63,381 at the end of month of May on four small tourist vessels placed outside the territorial May,6 which is about 17 per cent more than the 54,379 restrictions waters for health concerns and allowed the evacuation only of the registered at the end of April. In parallel to existing travel restrictions, a most vulnerable cases (mostly women and children).11 total of 174 countries, territories or areas have issued 701 exceptions enabling mobility despite blanket travel restrictions. On 6 May 2020, Spanish authorities reported that its detention centers for irregular migrants (CIEs, Cientros de Internamiento de Extranjeros) The COVID-19 outbreak has affected global mobility in the form were emptied due to the impossibility of organizing repatriations during of various travel disruptions and restrictions. To better understand the pandemic.12 Also in Italy, the migrant population in administrative how COVID-19 affects global mobility, IOM has developed a global detention centres (CPR, Centri di Permanenza per il Rimpatrio) mobility database available at https://migration.iom.int/ to map and decreased to about 200 migrants at the end of May.13 On May 19, a gather data on the locations, status and different restrictions at Points “Relaunch” Law Decree14 has been aprovved by the Italian government, of Entry (PoEs) and internal transit points, globally using a compilation which includes measures for the regularization of migrants employed of inputs from multiple sources, including from IOM staff in the field, in the agricultural and domestic care sector to cope with the lack of DTM reports on flow monitoring and mobility tracking as well as from seasonal workers who were expected to arrive from abroad during the trusted media sources. harvesting season. With regards to the European Economic Area (EEA), IOM has recorded While trends on the Eastern Mediterranean route to Europe have information on 786 PoEs (i.e. land, sea and air borders) in 29 countries substantially decreased since March, arrivals through the Western and areas: at the end of May, 22 per cent of the observed PoEs were and Central Mediterranean route increased or kept a sustained reported as fully closed, 27 per cent were reported to be partially level despite the newly imposed mobility restrictions by destination operational and 31 per cent were fully operational. The status of the countries and due to other possible contextual factors more linked to remaining 20 per cent of all assessed locations was reported as other.7 improving weather conditions and new developments in countries of This is a slight improvement in comparison with the end of April, when transit and departure. In May 2020, although travel restrictions remain 34 per cent of the assessed location in the EEA region were reported generally in place, there has been a slight decrease in the number of as fully closed, 44 per cent were reported to be partially operational travel restrictions, which has been accompanied by an increase in the and 20 per cent were fully operational.8 arrivals across the three routes. Overall, arrivals in Europe as of the end of May 2020 (23,422) are still 24 per cent lower than those registered in the same period last year (30,924).

9 See: https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/italia-porto-non-sicuro-approdo-migranti 10 See: https://www.euractiv.com/section/justice-home-affairs/news/malta-says-it-can- no-longer-rescue-accept-migrants/ 6 Please see the Impact On Points Of Entry And Other Key Locations Of Internal Mobility Weekly Analysis - 27 May 2020: https://migration.iom.int/reports/impact- 11 Please see the joint statement by IOM and UNHCR on the need to let rescue migrants points-entry-and-other-key-locations-internal-mobility-weekly-analysis-27-may- disembark and receive the appropriate care and health measures: https://www.iom. 2020?covid-page=1 int/news/iom-unhcr-urge-european-states-disembark-rescued-migrants-and-refugees- board-captain-morgan 7 Please see the IOM’s Points of Entry Analysis for the European Economic Area – 28 May: https://migration.iom.int/reports/covid-19-points-entry-analysis-%E2%80%93- 12 See: https://elpais.com/espana/2020-05-06/se-vacian-los-centros-de-internamiento- 28-may-%E2%80%93-eea?close=true de-extranjeros-por-primera-vez-en-tres-decadas.html 8 Please see the IOM’s Points of Entry Analysis for the European Economic Area – 30 13 See:http://www.garantenazionaleprivatiliberta.it/gnpl/resources/cms/ April: https://migration.iom.int/reports/covid-19-points-entry-analysis-30-april-eea- documents/98ac859d948502b6b1413523057b4a93.pdf region?close=true 14 See: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/05/19/20G00052/sg

5 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

OVERVIEW OF ARRIVALS & REGISTERED IRREGULAR APPREHENSIONS

Figure 3: Arrivals in Greece, Spain, Italy, Malta and Bulgaria, January–May, 2017-2020

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120,000 119,369

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40,000 35,052 32,513 28,707 23,370 20,000 11,471 9,361 7,402 5,119 3,405 2,533 2,562 1,940 1,445 1,273 279 20 0 GREECE SPAIN ITALY MALTA BULGARIA

2017 2018 2019 2020

Figure 4: Registered irregular apprehensions in the Western Balkans and other transit countries/areas, January–May, 2017-2020

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7,000 6,477 6,076

6,000 5,795 5,426 5,374 5,290 5,047 5,000 4,552 4,313

4,000 2,860 3,000 2,834 2,383 2312 2,210

2,000 1,722 1,504 1,448 1,319 1,301 1129 1,026 1,004

1,000 822 567 514 371 318 265 207 153 135 88 84 77 0 SERBIA CROATIA NORTH BOSNIA AND SLOVENIA MONTENEGRO ALBANIA ROMANIA * MACEDONIA HERZEGOVINA 2017 2018 2019 2020

* References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

6 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

OVERVIEW MAPS 0 0 6 d n a L

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h A 1 T Map 1: Arrivals in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain, January–MayMap 1: Arrivals Italy, in Bulgaria, Greece, 2020

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Map 2: Main countries of origin reported at arrival in Greece, Italy and Spain, January–May 2020

OVERVIEW: COUNTRIES OR AREAS OF ORIGIN Arrivals to Greece, Italy and Spain according to available data from 01 January to 31 May 2020

UKRAINE May 2020 Compilation ofAvailable andInformation Data MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS INTHEMEDITERRANEAN KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA FRANCE RUSSIA ROMANIA

ITALY 2020 Arrivals GREECE SPAIN 5,119 2020 Arrivals 2020 Arrivals 9,361 TURKEY TURKMENISTAN 7,402 CHINA SYRIAN ARAB TUNISIA REPUBLIC 13% 25% IRAQ AFGHANISTAN IRAN 39% ALGERIA 4% 30%7% MOROCCO 13%6% LIBYA SAUDI ARABIA BANGLADESH INDIA OMAN 19% MYANMAR MAURITANIA MALI 10% NIGER SUDAN YEMEN SENEGAL CHAD 8% 6% GUINEA Other SUB-SAHARAN 12% NIGERIA AFRICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE 14% ETHIOPIA 9%13% SOMALIA 6%

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC KENYA OF CONGO 5%

TANZANIA

ANGOLA 0 500 1,000 2,000 ZAMBIA Kilometers

Source Data: IOM, Hellenic , Italian Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community * Note: Nationality data for Greece are available only for the period January-April 2020. MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

Map 3: Presence of migrants and asylum seekers in reception in the region as of the end of May 2020

Table 1: Presence of migrants and asylum seekers in reception as of the end of May, comparison 2018–2020

Country May-18 May-19 May-20 Bosnia and Herzegovina n/a 4,684 8,862 Bulgaria 883 820 480 Croatia[2] 340 242 414 Cyprus[3] 361 227 332 Greece[1] 59,935 68,714 103,532 Italy 167,739 112,906 85,790 Montenegro n/a 206 172 North Macedonia 74 72 89 Romania 396 350 490 Serbia 2,703 3,562 6,510

Slovenia[2] 439 314 396 Kosovo* n/a 107 192 [1] Data for Greece excludes self-settled migrants and asylum seekers. Data for Greece in 2020 refers to 30 April 2020. [2] Data for Slovenia and Croatia includes number of asylum seekers only. [3] Data for Cyprus includes the number of accommodated migrants in Kofinou only.

BACK TO CONTENTS 9 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2020

Map 4: Missing Migrants: Fatalities/Missing in the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas.

10 ABOUT THIS REPORTMIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2019 IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a suite of tools and methodologies designed to track and analyze human mobility in different ABOUTdisplacement contexts in a continuous manner. To gather and disseminate information about the migrant populations moving through the Mediterranean, up the Western Balkan Route and through the Northern Route into Europe, in September 2015 DTM established a Flow DisplacementMonitoring TrackingSystem. The Matrix Flow (DTM)Monitoring System includes a monthly flows compilation reports, quarterly regional overview and dataset, which provide an overview of migration flows in countries of first arrival and other countries along the route in Europe, and an analysis IOM’sof Displacementtrends across Trackingthe region. Matrix The (DTM)data on is registereda suite of arrivalstools andis collated methodologies by IOM designedthrough consultationsto track and withanalyse ministries human ofmobility interior, in coastdifferent displacementguards, police contexts forces in anda continuous other relevant manner, national to provide authorities. critical Data information on arrivals to isdecision-makers displayed and regularly and responders updated during(twice crises,a week) and on contribute the Flow to betterMonitoring understanding Europe of Geoportal population. flows. Firstly conceptualized in 2004 to monitor internal displacement in Iraq, it has since been adapted for implementation in over 60 countries, including in contexts of conflict, natural disaster, complex emergencies and protracted crises. More information about the Methodological Framework in DTM operations can be found on the global displacement.iom.int.

Mixed Migration Flows in the Mediterranean Arrivals to Europe – Q1 2019 Dataset DTMFlow Europe Monitoring Surveys – April 2019 In 2015,The DTM DTM established system alsoa Flow includes Monitoring flow System to gather and disseminate information about the migrant populations moving through the Mediterranean,monitoring up surveys the Western to capture Balkan additional Route and through the Northern Route into Europe. This includes monthly flows compilation reports, quarterlyand more regional in-depth overviews data onand the datasets people on on migration flows in countries of first arrival and other countries along the route in Europe. All data is collatedthe move,by IOM including through age, consultations sex, areas of with origin, ministries of interior, coast guards, police forces and other relevant national authorities, and it is displayed and regularlylevels of updatededucation, on key the transitIOM’s Flowpoints Monitoring on Europe Geoportal. their route, motives and intentions. The The questionnaireDTM system also hasincludes a module flow with monitoring a set surveys to capture additional and more in-depth data on the people on the move, including age, sex, ofareas questions of origin, on levelsvulnerabilities, of education, exploitative key transit points on their route, motives and intentions. The questionnaire also has a module with a set of questionspractices on andhuman abuse, trafficking, including exploitative two practices and abuse, including two indicators on sexual and physical violence. The analyses of data collectedindicators since on2015 sexual is also and available physical on violence. the Flow Monitoring Europe Geoportal. This data has been captured by IOM field staff in Greece, the Republic of North EuropeMacedonia, — Refugee Serbia, and Migrant Hungary, Children Croatia, in COVID-19 Points of Entry Analysis – 28 May COVID-19 Points of Entry Analysis - 28 May EuropeItaly, - Overview Montenegro, of Trends Kosovo (January (UNSCR — – European Economic Area – South-, Eastern Europe and December1244), 2019) Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central Romania, Spain, Bulgaria and Slovenia in

UNHCR, UNICEFdifferent and IOM periods since OctoberJanuary 2015. - December 2019 The Refugeeanalysis and ofMigrant data collected between 2015 Children in Europe Turkey – Migrant Presence Monitoring – Accompanied,and 2018 is available on the IOM portal Unaccompaniedfor Mediterranean and . Situation Report (May 2019) Separated

Overview of Trends January to December 2019 © UNHCR/RF2237751/alessa N d R o pe so

Some Some Over Out of the total About27% Displacement Tracking number of children (202,945) 33,200 9,000 17,500 childrenMatrix (DTM) children

arrived in Greece,Displacement Spain, Italy, of all children who arrived Tracking in (28% boys and 24%matrix girls) who soughtis internationala system Malta, Bulgaria and Cyprus Greece, Spain, Italy, Malta, were under resettlement protection in Europe between between January and December Bulgaria and Cyprus in 2019 procedures to Europe in January and December 2019, 2019 (38% togirls and 62% track were unaccompanied and monitorand 2019. displacement71% were registered in just and boys). Child arrivals in Greece, separated. four countries: Germany Spain, Italy and Bulgaria in 2019 (35%), France (13%), Greece increased bypopulation 7% compared to mobility, provide(12%) and Spain (11%). critical child arrivals in 2018 ( ). IOM COVID-19 30,085 Arrivalsinformation to Europe between January and toDecember decision-makers20191 and Between January and December 2019, some 33,200 children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Malta. Of them 2 IOM COVID-19 some 9,000 (27%) were unaccompanied or separated children (UASC) . Also, child arrivals in 2019 in Greece, Spain, Italy and Bulgaria POINTS OF ENTRY increased byresponders 7% compared to arrivals registered induring 2018 (30,085). crises, and contribute Greece Spain Italy Between January and December 2019, some Between January and December 2019, some Among the 2,232 children who arrived in Italy 3 to better understanding5 of population 25,443 children arrived in Greece by land 3,775 children were estimated to have arrived between January and December 2019, 1,680 POINTS OF ENTRY and sea, including 3,852 (15%) UASC.4 Due by sea, including some 2,147 (57%) UASC.This (75%) were unaccompanied or separated. This ANALYSIS to the high number of people arriving in 2019, is half the number compared to 2018, when a is a 48% decrease compared to 2018 (4,278) – the number flows.of children also increased – nearly DTM total of 7,800 children was arrived to Spain. Officialfirst in line with the sharpconceptualized decrease in sea crossings in 50% higher compared to children arriving in statistics on the nationality of children arriving since July 2017. Most children originated 2018 (17,100). The number of children arriving were not available, but based on estimates from Tunisia, Côte d'Ivoire, Pakistan, Iraq and unaccompanied or separated also increased and observed trends, most children, including Bangladesh.6 ANALYSIS – 63% higher2004 compared to 2018 (2,369). to monitorUASC, originated from Morocco, internalthe Syrian displacement Most children, including UASC, were from Arab Republic, Algeria and Côte d’Ivoire. Afghanistan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq and 28 May 2020 the Democraticin Republic Iraq of Congo. and has since been adapted for 28 MAY 2020 Malta Bulgaria Cyprus Between Januaryimplementation and December 2019, some Between January and December in 2019, over Between 70 January and December countries, 2019, some 8687 children, including 768 (88%) UASC arrived 731 children lodged asylum applications in 160 children, including 74 UASC arrived by SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE AND in Malta following search and rescue operations Bulgaria. Among them, 72% (524) were UASC. sea in Cyprus. Most of the children, including at sea. Most children, including UASC, Most asylum-seeking children originated from UASC, originated from the Syrian Arab EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA originated fromincluding Sudan, Somalia and Eritrea. inAfghanistan, contexts the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq. of8 Republic conflict, and the Democratic Republic of natural disaster, complex emergenciesCongo. and POINTS OF ENTRY ANALYSIS | 2020 POINTS OF ENTRY ANALYSIS | 2020 protracted crises. More information about 1 1 DTM and Methodological Framework1 used in DTM operations can be found on the global displacement.iom.int.

InformationInformation contained contained in inthis this document document has has been Data collection activities in Turkey Data collection activities receivedreceived from from a varietya variety of of sources sources including:including: national supported by: supported by: authorities,authorities, national national and and international international organizations organizations as wellas as well media as reports.media reports. Specific Specific sources sources are not arenamed not in thenamed report. in the The report. information The information collected collected has been has triangulatedbeen triangulated through various through sources various in sources efforts into effortsensure accuracyto ensure of the accuracycontent, and of where the content, information and has where not beeninformation confirmed, has this not has been been confirmed, noted in the this report. has been noted in the report.

The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are notBACK warranted TO CONTENTS to be error49 free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by the IOM.