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MIXEDMIXED MIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION IN THE MEDITERRANEANFLOWS IN THE CompilationMEDITERRANEAN of Available Data and Information FebruaryCompilation 2020 of Available Data and Information June 2019

migration.iom.int displacement.iom.int [email protected]

IOM 2018 - Informative session upon disembarkation, Sicily MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

Migrants rescued last March in the Channel of Sicily by Italian . © Francesco Malavolta/IOM 2015

Contents Highlights...... 3 Policy Developments EU – Statement and the Eastern Mediterranean route...... 4 Overview of Arrivals & Registered Irregular Apprehensions. . . . .5 Overview Maps...... 6 About...... 10 Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)...... 10 DTM ...... 10

Photo/ cover page: One part of a reception centre in Bira, . IOM BIH/2019

2 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

A total of 6,7321 migrants and refugees arrived in Europe through A total of 2,175 migrants and refugees were registered entering Spain different land and sea routes in February 2020, which is 18 per cent in February 2020, 8 per cent less than the previous month (2,365 in less than the 8,223 registered in the previous month (January 2020), January 2019), more than the half of the 1,366 registered in February 58 per cent more than the 4,268 sea and land arrivals registered in 2019 and 43 per cent more than the 1,518 registered in the same February last year, 50 per cent more than the 4,487 arrivals registered period of 2018. Among the total arrivals to Spain in 2020, 79 per cent in February 2018, and 43 per cent less than the 11,808 reported in arrived by sea: this includes 51 per cent of the total arrivals to the February 2017. Spanish peninsular coasts, 26 per cent to the Canary Islands, 1 per cent to the Balearic Islands and 1 per cent to the city of Ceuta. The Arrivals registered in Europe in the first two months of 2020 were remaining 21 per cent arrived by land to the Spanish autonomous cities 14,955, which is 20 per cent more than arrivals registered in the same of Melilla (18%) and Ceuta (3%) on the north coast of . period last year (12,444) and 13 per cent more than arrivals in the first two months of 2018 (13,167). Italian authorities reported the 1,211 arrivals in February 2020. Arrivals in this period have slightly decreased in comparison with the previous There were 2,950 registered arrivals in and through month (1,342 in January 2020), but were more than 20 times higher the Eastern Mediterranean route (44% of total registered arrivals than the 60 arrivals registered in February 2019 and maintained the in Europe) in February 2020. Another 2,175 arrivals were registered 2 same trend of the 1,065 reported arrivals to Italy in February 2018. on the Western Mediterranean route (32%) leading to Spain, and The most frequently registered nationality of migrants arriving to Italy in 1,647 were registered on the Central Mediterranean route (24%), February 2020 was Bangladesh (25%), followed by Sudan (14%), Somalia arriving by sea to Italy and in the same period. Hence, the Eastern (9%), and other African and Southern Asian countries. In addition, there Mediterranean route continues to surpass both the Western and were 436 registered arrivals in Malta in February 2020, 21 per cent less Central Mediterranean routes as the main route taken by migrants and than the 553 arrivals registered in the previous month (January 2020). refugees travelling to Europe by sea and land, as it has done each month According to available data from national authorities, Sudan was the since February 2019. In February 2019, the Eastern Mediterranean most frequently reported nationality at arrival in February 2020 (33%), route was recorded as the most active with 2,842 arrivals (67% of followed by Somalia (26%) and Bangladesh (25%). the total), followed by the Western Mediterranean route with 1,366 registered arrivals (32%) and the Central Mediterranean route with 60 In addition to first-arrival countries, authorities in countries and areas registered arrivals (1%). In February 2018, 42 per cent of all arrivals in in the Western reported an increase in monthly Europe were registered on the Eastern Mediterranean route (1,904), registrations of new migrants and refugees in these last months. while arrivals on the Western Mediterranean route were 1,518 (34%) Reported registrations in February 2020 were 11,198, which is 64 per and on Central Mediterranean 1,065 (24%). cent more than the 6,809 reported in January 2020 and almost three times as compared to the 4,172 reported in February last year and six Hellenic Authorities reported 2,844 new arrivals in February 2020, times higher than the 1,852 reported in February 2018. Afghanistan which makes Greece the first arrival country in Europe so far in 2020. continue to be the most frequently reported nationality among Arrivals in Greece are 27 per cent less than the 3,898 registered in migrants and refugees intercepted transiting the Western Balkans the previous month (January 2020), 22 per cent higher than the 2,332 in February 2020, as has been the case each month since October registered in February 2019, and almost two times the 1,610 reported 2019, and particularly in (44%) and Bosnia and in February 2018. Of all registered arrivals in Greece in February 2020, Herzegovina (33%). Nationals of Pakistan are also prominent among 74 per cent arrived by sea and the remaining 26 per cent were by land. those recorded transiting the region, particularly in (38%) According to available data, the most frequently registered nationality and North Macedonia (28%). Morocco nationals are the third most of arrivals to Greece by sea in February 2020 was Afghanistan (36%) frequently registered in the Western Balkans in February 2020, and the followed by the Syrian Arab (26%), the Democratic Republic most common nationality of those registered in (62%) and of Congo (8%), and others. Authorities in Bulgaria registered 66 new arrivals in February 2020, maintaining the same trend of the previous (36%). month (65 in January 2020) and to the same month of last year (81 in February 2019).

Figure 1: Arrivals to Europe via the Western, Central and Eastern Mediterranean routes by month, 2018-2020

14,000

12,475 12,000 11,788

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 Jul Jul Jun Jun Feb Feb Feb Apr Sep Apr Sep Mar May Aug Oct Mar May Aug Oct Nov Nov Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Dec-18 Dec-19

Western Route Central Route Eastern Route

1 Data on arrivals to in 2020 are not available at the time of closing this report. 2 Arrivals to Spain include arrivals to the Canary Islands. 3 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

POLICY DEVELOPMENTS EU – TURKEY STATEMENT AND THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE

In response to the arrival of almost one million migrants and refugees During the last weeks of February 2020, groups of migrants have been from the and Africa through the Eastern Mediterranean reported to have moved from various locations in Turkey towards route in the second half of 2015 and the first three months of the country’s borders with the European Union, to try to cross 2016, the European Union (EU) and Turkey agreed on a plan to from Turkey to Greece especially through the north-western province of end irregular migration flows fromT urkey to the EU on 18 March Edirne. IOM and its partners have mobilized resources to offer support 2016. The document states that from 20 March 2016 all persons and assistance to these thousands of migrants as early assessments who do not have a right to international protection in Greece will indicate that many are very vulnerable, with a high proportion of women, be returned to Turkey, based on the Readmission Agreement from children and families amongst them. 2002 signed between the countries (the whole document is available here). At the same time, it was agreed to facilitate the resettlement of Syrian refugees from Turkey to many European countries (European IOM’S POSITION Economic Area, EEA). The total number of Syrian refugees resettled IOM stands ready to support all concerned governments with any so far, between April 2016 and February 2020 is 29,949. actions which may help achieve effective migration management, A significant decrease in arrivals in Greece was observed starting from that can reduce vulnerabilities and ensure that the immediate needs the second quarter (April – June) of 2016 until mid-2019. From the of migrants are met. The Organization welcomes commitments 152,617 arrivals in Greece registered in the first quarter of 2016,a made by the EU and its Member States to address the situation drastic drop was registered in the second quarter of 2016 with from humanitarian and political perspectives. 7,498 new entries by land and by sea. Arrivals in 2017 were around IOM recognizes that irregular migration and displacement have 8,800 each quarter on average, with the second quarter marking a placed some countries, including Turkey and Greece, under great record low of 6,272 new entries that year. A more sustained trend strain and that more efforts are required to share responsibility was observed over 2018, with quarterly arrivals at around 12,500 new towards emergency support and durable solutions for migrants entries on average. Arrivals registered in the first half of 2019 (18,448) and refugees. At the same time, international legal obligations were 19 per cent lower than in the first half of 2018 (22,899), but must be upheld, in particular with respect to those who may be a new increase was observed during the third quarter of the in need of international protection. year: arrivals between July and September 2019 (26,852) are higher than the totals of the first and second quarter this year (8,162 and In this regard, IOM also calls on the international community 10,286, respectively), and the trend was confirmed in the fourth to sustain its support to Greece, which has faced considerable quarter (26,086). Hence, arrivals in Greece in 2019 (71,386) were pressure in the past few years on behalf of the EU, and to Turkey, higher of arrivals registered in Spain (32,513) and Italy (11,471) for which has long hosted millions of refugees seeking protection the same year, and represented a 42 per cent increase for registered from the conflict in .4 arrivals in the country when compared to those in 2018 (50,215). Figure 2: Number of Syrian refugees resettled from Turkey to Europe (EEA) between April 2016 and February 20203

9,591

4,652 4,563

2,197 1,952 1,840

1,371 1,227 766 390 250 233 220 206 102 75 74 71 66 46 34 17 6

UK Italy Sp ain Latvia Malta Fran ce Swede n Finland Belgiu m Austria Estonia Ire lan d Ge rmany Netherla… Norw ay Portugal Luxemb…Lithuania Denmark Slovenia Sw itzer lan d

3 The figure includes the number of refugees from the Syrian Arab Republic assisted by 4 Please see IOM full statement at https://www.iom.int/news/iom-urges-restraint-calls- IOM Turkey through the 1:1 resettlement scheme as well as other bilateral programs. humane-response-eu-turkey-border

4 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

OVERVIEW OF ARRIVALS & REGISTERED IRREGULAR APPREHENSIONS

Figure 3: Arrivals in Greece, Spain, Italy, Malta and Bulgaria, January–February 2017-2020

16,000

14,000 13,439

12,000

10,000

8,000 6,742 5,978 6,000 5,247 4,990 4,540 3,862 3,700

4,000 3,588 2,705 2,553

2,000 989 262 154 131 141 98 49 0 GREECE SPAIN ITALY MALTA BULGARIA 2017 2018 2019 2020

Figure 4: Registered irregular apprehensions in the Western Balkans and other transit countries/areas, January–February 2017-2020

3,500 3,022 3,000 2,883

2,500 2,359 2,280

2,000 1,849 1,689

1,500 1,463 1,278 1,033 1,000 992 826 805 759 648 611 519 501 443

500 412 387 359 333 204 205 144 143 125 123 102 77 76 56 45 33 0 2 NORTH BOSNIA AND CROATIA SLOVENIA MONTENEGRO ALBANIA ROMANIA * MACEDONIA HERZEGOVINA 2017 2018 2019 2020

* References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

BACK TO CONTENTS 5 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

OVERVIEW MAPS 0 0 6 d n a L

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h A 1 T Map 1: Arrivals in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain in FebruaryMap 1: Arrivals 2020 Italy, in Bulgaria, Greece,

6 BACK TO CONTENTS Map 2: Main countries of origin reported at arrival in Greece and Italy in February 2020.

OVERVIEW: COUNTRIES OR AREAS OF ORIGIN Arrivals to Greece and Italy according to available data from 1 January to 29 February 2020

UKRAINE 2020 February Compilation ofAvailable andInformation Data MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS INTHEMEDITERRANEAN KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA FRANCE RUSSIA ROMANIA

ITALY 2020 Arrivals GREECE SPAIN 2,553 2020 Arrivals 5,272 TURKEY TURKMENISTAN CHINA SYRIAN ARAB TUNISIA REPUBLIC 23% AFGHANISTAN IRAQ IRAN 46% ALGERIA 12% MOROCCO SAUDI ARABIA BANGLADESH INDIA OMAN 17% MYANMAR MAURITANIA MALI 5% NIGER SUDAN YEMEN CHAD 10%

GUINEA NIGERIA 5% ETHIOPIA CÔTE D’IVOIRE 11% SOMALIA 7%5%

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC KENYA OF CONGO 5%

TANZANIA

ANGOLA 0 500 1,000 2,000 ZAMBIA Kilometers

Source Data: IOM, Hellenic Coast Guard, Italian Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community

7 * Excluding nationality data for arrivals to Spain in December 2019, which is not yet available. MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

Map 3: Presence of migrants and asylum seekers in reception in the region as of the end of February 2020.

! Migrant Presence Location Sea Route Land Route M I G R A N T P R E S E N C E + Based on available data on locations where migrants est. + Fe b ru a r y 2 0 2 0 206,822 TOTA L and refugees are accommodated as of end of the month. S L O V A K I A G E R M A N Y ! ! R E P U B L I C O F SU CEAVA a H U N G A R Y ! M O L D O V A A U S T R I A SLOVENIA U K R A I N E 269 SA L A J ROMANIA a B I H O R ! CROATIA CL U J 518 S W I T Z E R L A N D M U R ES ! ! 423 ! !A R A D B A C AU ! ! !!! ! A L B A !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !SERBIA SI B I U LO M B!A R D I A VE !N ETO ! ! ! F R A N C E VO J V OD I N A 6,524 B U Z A U ! ! !!! ! BOSNIA AND ! G OR J B R A I L A TU LC EA ! R EP U B L I K A PI E M O N T E !! b !! HERZEGOVINA S R P S K A ! EM I L I A -R O M AG N A ! ! ! ! ! ! !! 8,312 ! OLT CA L A R A S I D O L J !!! CE N T R A L ! !!! TOS CA N A SE R B I A ! ! ! ! SE V ER OZ A PA D E N ! !! ! ! ! BULGARIA U M B R I A ! !! MONTENEGRO !! ! ITALY !! ! !! ! ! 490 273 ! 2 ! ! ! 86,603 ! !! ! !L A Z I O EA S T !! ! 2 NORTH !! !! !GREECE PU G L I A MACEDONIA ! !! ! ! ! ! !10!3,8221 ! 128 K EN T R I K I ! M A !K E D!O N!I!A ! !! ! ! ! ! 1 !! ! !! ! T H!ES S A!L I A ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! T U R K E Y !!! ! !! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! SI C!I L I A ! ! !!

! ! ! A L G E R I A ! S Y R I A N T U N I S I A A R A B K R I T I R E P U B L I C

a Number of accommodated asylum seekers. 1 Estimated number based on available data as of end of month for different types of accommodation facilities excluding the number of self-settled migrants. b Number of accommodated asylum seekers and present migrants. 2 Does not include migrants in centres for repriation/expulsion. Source Data : IOM, National Authorities 0 75 150 300 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Kilometers

Table 1: Presence of migrants and asylum seekers in reception as of the end of February, comparison 2018–2020

Country Feb-18 Feb-19 Feb-20

Greece5 49,201 61,703 103,822

Bosnia and Herzegovina n.a. 4,039 8,312 Bulgaria 1,059 532 490

Croatia6 397 255 423

Cyprus 228 255 n.a. Montenegro 110 251 273 North Macedonia 114 74 128 Romania 518 317 518 Serbia 3,816 4,423 6,524

5 269 Slovenia 288 325

Italy 178,788 126,287 86,063

5 Data for Greece excludes self-settled migrants and asylum seekers. 6 Data for Slovenia and Croatia includes number of asylum seekers only.

8 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information February 2020

Map 4: Missing Migrants: Fatalities/Missing in the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas.

BACK TO CONTENTS 9 ABOUT THIS REPORTMIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2019 IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a suite of tools and methodologies designed to track and analyze human mobility in different ABOUTdisplacement contexts in a continuous manner. To gather and disseminate information about the migrant populations moving through the Mediterranean, up the Western Balkan Route and through the Northern Route into Europe, in September 2015 DTM established a Flow DisplacementMonitoring TrackingSystem. The Matrix Flow (DTM)Monitoring System includes a monthly flows compilation reports, quarterly regional overview and dataset, which provide an overview of migration flows in countries of first arrival and other countries along the route in Europe, and an analysis IOM’sof Displacementtrends across Trackingthe region. Matrix The (DTM)data on is registereda suite of arrivalstools andis collated methodologies by IOM designedthrough consultationsto track and withanalyse ministries human ofmobility interior, in coastdifferent displacementguards, police contexts forces in anda continuous other relevant manner, national to provide authorities. critical Data information on arrivals to isdecision-makers displayed and regularly and responders updated during(twice crises,a week) and on contribute the Flow to betterMonitoring understanding Europe of Geoportal population. flows. Firstly conceptualized in 2004 to monitor internal displacement in Iraq, it has since been adapted for implementation in over 60 countries, including in contexts of conflict, natural disaster, complex emergencies and protracted crises. More information about the Methodological Framework in DTM operations can be found on the global displacement.iom.int.

Mixed Migration Flows in the Mediterranean Arrivals to Europe – Q1 2019 Dataset DTMFlow Europe Monitoring Surveys – April 2019 In 2015,The DTM DTM established system alsoa Flow includes Monitoring flow System to gather and disseminate information about the migrant populations moving through the Mediterranean,monitoring up surveys the Western to capture Balkan additional Route and through the Northern Route into Europe. This includes monthly flows compilation reports, quarterlyand more regional in-depth overviews data onand the datasets people on on migration flows in countries of first arrival and other countries along the route in Europe. All data is collatedthe move,by IOM including through age, consultations sex, areas of with origin, ministries of interior, coast guards, police forces and other relevant national authorities, and it is displayed and regularlylevels of updatededucation, on key the transitIOM’s Flowpoints Monitoring on Europe Geoportal. their route, motives and intentions. The The questionnaireDTM system also hasincludes a module flow with monitoring a set surveys to capture additional and more in-depth data on the people on the move, including age, sex, ofareas questions of origin, on levelsvulnerabilities, of education, exploitative key transit points on their route, motives and intentions. The questionnaire also has a module with a set of questionspractices on andhuman abuse, trafficking, including exploitative two practices and abuse, including two indicators on sexual and physical violence. The analyses of data collectedindicators since on2015 sexual is also and available physical on violence. the Flow Monitoring Europe Geoportal. This data has been captured by IOM field staff in Greece, the Republic of North EuropeMacedonia, — Flow Monitoring Serbia, Hungary, Surveys - Women Croatia, Europe – Mixed Migration Flows to Europe – DTM Mediterranean – Western Balkans & MigrationItaly, Montenegro, 2019 Kosovo (UNSCR Quarterly Overview (October – December Overview 2019 1244), Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2019) Romania, Spain, Bulgaria and Slovenia in different periods since October 2015. The analysis of data collected between 2015 and 2018 is available on the IOM portal Turkey – Migrant Presence Monitoring – for Mediterranean. Situation Report (May 2019)

About Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Displacement Tracking matrix is a system to track and monitor displacement and population mobility, provide critical information to decision-makers and responders during crises, and contribute to better understanding of population flows. DTM was first conceptualized in 2004 to monitor internal displacement in Iraq and has since been adapted for implementation in over 70 countries, including in contexts of conflict, natural disaster, complex emergencies and protracted crises. More information about DTM and Methodological Framework used in DTM operations can be found on the global displacement.iom.int.

InformationInformation contained contained in inthis this document document has has been Data collection activities in Turkey Data collection activities receivedreceived from from a varietya variety of of sources sources including:including: national supported by: supported by: authorities,authorities, national national and and international international organizations organizations as wellas as well media as reports.media reports. Specific Specific sources sources are not arenamed not in thenamed report. in the The report. information The information collected collected has been has triangulatedbeen triangulated through various through sources various in sources efforts into effortsensure accuracyto ensure of the accuracycontent, and of where the content, information and has where not beeninformation confirmed, has this not has been been confirmed, noted in the this report. has been noted in the report.

The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are notBACK warranted TO CONTENTS to be error49 free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by the IOM.