MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS in the MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 Contents Highlights

MIXEDMIXED MIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION IN THE MEDITERRANEANFLOWS IN THE CompilationMEDITERRANEAN of Available Data and Information DecemberCompilation 2019 of Available Data and Information June 2019

migration.iom.int displacement.iom.int [email protected]

IOM Italy 2018 - Informative session upon disembarkation, Sicily MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 Contents Highlights...... 4 Overview of Arrivals & Registered Irregular Apprehensions. . . . .6 Overview Maps...... 7 EU – Turkey Statement and the Eastern Mediterranean Route. . . 11 Countries of First Arrival ...... 12 Spain...... 12 Italy...... 14 Malta...... 17 Greece...... 18 Cyprus...... 20 Bulgaria...... 21 Western Balkans and Other Transit Countries/Areas . . . . 22 Albania...... 23 Bosnia and Herzegovina...... 24 Croatia...... 26 Montenegro...... 28 North Macedonia...... 29 Romania...... 30 Serbia...... 31 Slovenia...... 33 Turkey...... 34 Kosovo* ...... 38 Central Mediterranean - Other Countries ...... 39 Libya...... 39 Niger...... 40 About...... 41 Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)...... 41 DTM Europe...... 41

* References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

Photo/ cover page: The Italian Coast Guard rescues migrants bound for Italy. © Francesco Malavolta/IOM 2014 Syrian refugees crossing the Serbian-Croatian border.: Francesco Malavolta/IOM 2015 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

HIGHLIGHTS

A total of 128,536 migrants and refugees arrived in Europe through A total of 32,513 migrants and refugees were registered entering Spain different land and sea routes between January and December 2019, in 2019, which is half of the 65,325 registered in the period of 2018 13 per cent less than the same period of 2018 when 147,673 sea and and 13 per cent more than the 28,707 registered in the same period land arrivals were reported, 32 per cent less than the 188,372 arrivals of 2017. Among the total arrivals to Spain in 2019, 80 per cent arrived registered in this period of 2017 and 67 per cent less than the 390,456 by sea and the remaining 20 per cent arrived by land to the Spanish registered during this period in 2016. autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the north coast of Africa. According to the information reported by the Spanish Ministry of There were 81,147 registered arrivals via the Eastern Mediterranean Interior, the main nationalities among arrivals by sea between January route (63% of the total) in Cyprus, Bulgaria and Greece in and November 2019 are Morocco (30%), Algeria (15%),Mali (9%) and 2019. Another 32,513 arrivals were registered via the Western others (46%) (read more here).1 Mediterranean route (25%) leading to Spain in the same period, and 14,876 were registered crossing the Central Mediterranean route Italian authorities reported the arrivals of 11,471 migrants and (12%), arriving by sea to Italy and Malta. This shows that the Eastern refugees between January and December 2019. Arrivals In this period Mediterranean route continues to surpass both the Western and have decreased by 51 per cent compared to the 23,370 registered in Central Mediterranean routes as the main route taken by migrants and 2018 and are just 10 per cent of the 119,639 registered arrivals to Italy refugees travelling to Europe by sea and land, as it has done each month in the same period of 2017. The most frequently registered country since February 2019. In the same period of 2018, the Western route of origin for those arriving at Italy in 2019 has been Tunisia (23%), was recorded as the most active with 65,325 arrivals (44% of the total). followed by Pakistan (10%), Côte d’Ivoire (10%), and other African and On the Eastern route there were 57,543 registered arrivals (39%) and Southern Asian countries (see more here). In addition, there were 3,405 the on Central route there were 24,815 registered arrivals (17%). registered arrivals in Malta between January and December 2019, over twice the 1,445 registered in 2018. According to available data from Between January and December 2019, Hellenic Authorities reported national authorities, Sudan is the most frequently reported nationality 71,386 new arrivals, which makes Greece the top arrival country in at arrival between January and December 2019 (39%), followed by Europe so far in 2019. Arrivals this year in Greece are 42 per cent higher Eritrea2 (7%) and Nigeria (6%) (see more here). than the 50,215 registered in 2018, and over two times the 35,052 reported in 2017. Of all registered arrivals of migrants and refugees In addition to first-arrival countries, authorities in Bosnia and into Greece between January and December 2019, 62,445 arrived by Herzegovina, Albania and Montenegro in the Western Balkans region sea and the remaining 8,941 were by land. According to available data, have observed a significant increase, registering a total of 40,958 new the most frequently registered nationality of arrivals by sea between apprehensions in all three countries in 2019. This is 28 per cent more January and December 2019 was Afghanistan (44%) followed by the than the 32,111 reported in 2018 and significantly more than the 2,314 Syrian Arab Republic (25%), Iraq (5%) and others (read more here). registered in the same period of 2017.

Figure 1: Arrivals to Europe by month via the Western, Central and Eastern Mediterranean routes, 2018-2019.

1 Excluding nationality data for arrivals to Spain in December 2019 which is not yet available. 2 The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants as reported by the Maltese authorities.

4 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

The Italian Coast Guard rescues migrants bound for Italy. Francesco Malavolta/ IOM 2014

BACK TO CONTENTS 5 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

OVERVIEW OF ARRIVALS & REGISTERED IRREGULAR APPREHENSIONS

Figure 2: Arrivals in Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Malta and Bulgaria, 2016–2019.

200,000 181,436 180,000 176,906

160,000

140,000 119,369 120,000

100,000

80,000 65,325

60,000 50,215

40,000 35,052 28,707 23,370 17,187 20,000 14,558 2,562 2,533 1,445 24 20 0 ITALY GREECE SPAIN BULGARIA MALTA

2016 2017 2018

*Data for Cyprus have been adjusted from previous reports/periods with newly available government data.

Figure 3: Registered irregular apprehensions in the Western Balkans and other transit countries/areas, 2017–2019.

200,000 181,436

180,000 176,906

160,000

140,000 119,369 120,000

100,000

80,000 71,386 65,325

60,000 50,215

40,000 35,052 32,513 28,707 23,370 17,187

20,000 14,558 11,471 7,821 4,795 3,405 2,662 2,562 2,533 1,940 1,445 345 24 20 0 GREECE SPAIN ITALY CYPRUS* MALTA BULGARIA 2016 2017 2018 2019

* References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

6 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

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h A 1 T Map 1: Arrivals in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain between JanuaryMap 1: Arrivals in Bulgaria, Italy, Cyprus, and December 2019. Greece,

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Map 2: Main countries of origin reported at arrival in Greece, Italy and Spain between January and December 2019.

OVERVIEW: COUNTRIES OR AREAS OF ORIGIN Arrivals to Greece, Italy and Spain according to available data from 01 January to 31 December 2019* December 2019 Compilation ofAvailable andInformation Data MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS INTHEMEDITERRANEAN

ITALY SPAIN 2019 Arrivals 2019 Arrivals 11,471 GREECE 32,513 2019 Arrivals 25% 71,386 23% SYRIAN ARAB 44% TUNISIA 5% REPUBLIC AFGANISTAN PALESTINIAN 5% 8% 10% 15%9% IRAQ MOROCCO TERRITORIES PAKISTAN 30% ALGERIA

9% MALI 18% Other 9% SUB-SAHARAN GUINEA 7% 10% AFRICA COTE D´IVOIRE

5% DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

0 500 1,000 2,000 Kilometers

Source Data: IOM, Hellenic Coast Guard, Italian Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community

* Excluding nationality data for arrivals to Spain in December 2019, which is not yet available. MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Map 3: Presence of migrants and asylum seekers in reception in the region as of the end of December 2019.

M I G R A N T P R E S E N C E ! Migrant Presence Location Sea Route Land Route + Based on available data on locations where migrants est. + D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 211,732 TOTA L and refugees are accommodated as of end of the month. S L O V A K I A G E R M A N Y ! ! R E P U B L I C O F SUC E AVA ! M O L D O V A SLOVENIAa A U S T R I A SA L A J U K R A I N E H U N G A R Y ROMANIA 320 BI H OR IA S I a C LU J 569 S W I T Z E R L A N D ! CROATIA M U R E S ! 514 ! ! A R A D B AC AU ! !!! ! A LB A !! ! ! !! ! ! ! SI B I U LO MB AR D IA VE NE TO ! SERBIA ! VOJ VO D I N A ! F R A N C E 6,410 BU Z AU ! ! !!! BOSNIA AND ! BR A IL A TU LC E A ! R E P U B L I K A GOR J PI E M ON T E ! !! ! b S R P S K A ! E M I LI A - RO M AG N A HERZEGOVINA ! ! ! ! ! !! 8,128 ! OLT C A L A R A S I D OL J C E N T R A L !!!! ! ! SE R B I A TOSC A N A ! ! SE VEROZ A PA DE N ! !! ! ! BULGARIA UM B R I A MONTENEGRO ! !! ITALY ! ! !! ! ! 587 ! ! 2 302 ! ! 91,424 AB RUZ ZO ! !! ! L A Z I O E A S T !! 2 NORTH !! !! GREECE ! MACE!DONIA ! ! ! ! ! 1 PU G LI A ! ! !103,122 109 KE!N T R I KI ! M A KE!D ON!I A !! !! ! ! 1 !! !!! ! T!H E S S!A L I A !! ! ! ! !! ! T U R K E Y !!! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! SI C I L I A ! ! !! CYPRUSa ! ! 247 ! A L G E R I A S Y R I A N T U N I S I A A R A B KR I T I !! R E P U B L I C !

a Number of accommodated asylum seekers. 1 Estimated number based on available data as of end of month for different types of accommodation facilities excluding the number of self-settled migrants. b Number of accommodated asylum seekers and present migrants. 2 Does not include migrants in centres for repriation/expulsion. Source Data : IOM, National Authorities 0 75 150 300 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Kilometers

Table 1: Presence of migrants and asylum seekers in reception as of the end of December, comparison 2017–2019.

Country Dec-17 Dec-18 Dec-19 Greece3 54,225 63,083 103,122 Bosnia and Herzegovina 175 4,291 8,128 Bulgaria 973 690 587 Croatia4 508 326 514 Cyprus 297 246 247 Montenegro 190 100 302 North Macedonia 40 35 109 Romania 758 385 569 Serbia 3,979 4,617 6,410 Slovenia4 228 266 320 Italy 183,681 135,858 91,424

3 Data for Greece excludes self-settled migrants and asylum seekers. 4 Data for Slovenia and Croatia includes number of asylum seekers only.

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Map 4: Missing Migrants: Fatalities/Missing in the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas.

10 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

EU – TURKEY STATEMENT AND THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE

In response to the arrival of almost one million migrants and refugees A significant decrease in arrivals in Greece was observed starting from from the Middle East and Africa through the Eastern Mediterranean the second quarter (April – June) of 2016 until mid-2019. From the route in the second half of 2015 and the first three months of 2016, 152,617 arrivals in Greece registered in the first quarter of 2016, a the European Union (EU) and Turkey agreed on a plan to end irregular drastic drop was registered in the second quarter of 2016 with 7,498 migration flows from Turkey to the EU on 18 March 2016. The new entries by land and by sea. Arrivals in 2017 were around 8,800 document states that from 20 March 2016 all persons who do not have each quarter on average, with the second quarter marking a record low a right to international protection in Greece will be returned to Turkey, of 6,272 new entries that year. A more sustained trend was observed based on the Readmission Agreement from 2002 signed between the over 2018, with quarterly arrivals at around 12,500 new entries on countries (the whole document is available here). At the same time, it average. Arrivals registered in the first half of 2019 (18,448) were 19 was agreed to facilitate the resettlement of Syrian refugees from Turkey per cent lower than in the first half of 2018 (22,899), but a new increase to many European countries (European Economic Area, EEA). The total was observed during the third quarter of the year: arrivals between July number of Syrian refugees resettled so far, between April 2016 and and September 2019 (26,852) are higher than the totals of the first December 2019, is 29,118. and second quarter this year (8,162 and 10,286, respectively). Arrivals in Greece in the fourth quarter of 2019 (26,086) and for 2019 overall (71,331) are higher than those reported in Spain (9,621 in Q4 and 32,513 in 2019) and in Italy (3,838 in Q4 and 11,471 in 2019 so far).

Figure 4: Number of Syrian refugees resettled from Turkey to Europe (EEA) between April 2016 and December 2019.5

7,000 6,614

6,000

5,000

4,000 3,339 3,290

3,000 2426

2,000 1,358 1,329 1301 1,257 1,227 1,156 1151

1,000 861 576 477 440 376 319 220 215 206 152 142 98 102 83 75 71 59 46 43 34 31 17 14 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UK ITALY SPAIN MALTA LATVIA FRANCE AUSTRIA SWEDEN BELGIUM IRELAND ESTONIA FINLAND CROATIA NORWAY ROMANIA GERMANY SLOVENIA DENMARK PORTUGAL LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG SWITZERLAND NETHERLANDS

2016-2018 2019

5 The figure includes the number of refugees from the Syrian Arab Republic assisted by IOM Turkey through the 1:1 resettlement scheme as well as other bilateral programs.

BACK TO CONTENTS 11 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

COUNTRIES OF FIRST ARRIVAL SPAIN

Developments during the reporting period During the reporting period (1–31 Figure 5: Sea and land arrivals to Spain between January and December, comparison 2016–20196 December), Spanish authorities registered the arrivals of a total of 2,738 migrants and 14,000

refugees, representing an increase of 7 per 12,000 11,788 cent compared to arrivals in the previous 10,000

month (2,556) and just half (51%) of the 8,940 8,399 arrivals in December last year, when a total 8,000 7,323 of 5,578 individuals arrived in Spain using sea 7,022 5,648 and land routes. 6,000 5,578 4,612 4,327 4,061 3,937 3,714 3,618 3,529

4,000 3,337 2,798

Between January and December 2019, the 2,738 2,578 2,556 2,553 2,453 2,352 2,194 2,182 2,065 1,972 1,706 1,518 total number of individuals that have reached 1,479 1,409 1,366

2,000 1,342 1,284 1,248 1,110 1,036 945 934 900 854 802 752 715 575 492 458 451

Spain by sea and land route is 32,513. The 222 arrivals registered in this period represent a 0 MAY JULY

decrease of 50 per cent compared to the JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST

same period in 2018, when a total of 65,325 JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER arrivals were recorded. 2016 2017 2018 2019 Demographic profile Figure 6: Land and sea arrivals registered in Spain each month, 2019 According to the information reported by the Spanish Ministry of Interior, the main 5.000 nationalities among arrivals by sea between 4.500 January and November7 2019 are Morocco 4.000 660 (30%), Algeria (15%), Mali (9%), Guinea (9%) 3.500 677 and non-specified nationals from Sub-Saharan 3.000 486 countries (18%), followed by 19 per cent of 2.500 379 other nationalities. 350 601 2.000 783 3.667 During the same period in 2018, the most 1.500 632 3.037 391 2.851 popular nationalities reported were Morocco 430 2.419 2.228 2.137 1.000 1.773 (23%), Guinea (11%), Mali (10%), Algeria 448 1.340 500 936 1.088 (8%) together with a large proportion of 588 non-specified nationals from Sub-Saharan 0 countries (33%). Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dic Based on IOM estimates from DTM flow monitoring data of 2019, 80 per cent of all Sea Land arrivals by sea are adult males, 13 per cent are adult females and the remaining 7 per cent are children.

Figure 7: Nationality breakdown of sea arrivals to Figure 8: Nationality breakdown of sea arrivals Figure 9: Age/Sex breakdown of sea arrivals Spain between January and November 2019.7 to Spain between January and December 2018. between January and December 2019, estimates based on DTM flow monitoring data.8 7% 19% 19% 7% 30% 30% 13% 13%

18% 18%

15% 15% 80% 9% 9% 80% 9% 9% Adult Male Morocco Adult Male Morocco Adult Female Algeria Algeria Adult Female Children Mali Mali Children Guinea Guinea Unspecified Sub-Saharan nationals Unspecified Sub-Saharan nationals Others Others

7 Based on available nationality data for 23,157 8 Calculation is based on available information for a individuals entering Spain between January and total of 16,313 sea arrivals (62% of the total of 26,168 November in 2019. Data on nationalities for arrivals sea arrivals registered in Spain between January and in December are not yet available. December 2019). 12 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Main entry points Sea arrivals Based on DTM monitoring data, an estimated The reported 2,137 arrivals by sea registered in December 2019 are less than half of the arrivals 78 per cent (2,137) of migrants and refugees in the same month in 2018 (5,013) and almost the same as the arrivals by sea in December 2017 who arrived in Spain in December 2019 used (2,371). The 26,168 sea arrivals reported between January and December are 55 per cent less different sea routes to the Spanish islands and than the arrivals in the same period in 2018 (58,525) and 17 per cent more than the sea arrivals the peninsular coasts. The remaining 22 per between January and December 2017 (22,414). cent (601 individuals) arrived in Spain by land, by reaching the cities of Ceuta and Melilla. The migrants and refugees who arrived in December 2019 by sea travelled in 94 embarkations, which is a bit more than the estimated 63 embarkations registered in the previous month and From the total number of sea and land arrivals less than the 156 embarkations registered in December 2018. Since the beginning of 2019, the between January and December 2019, some Spanish authorities have reported to have intercepted a total of 1,192 vessels. This is 44 per cent 41 per cent reached the coasts of Andalusia, less than the number of embarkations registered in the same period last year, when a total of and another 8 per cent arrived at the Canary 2,115 embarkations were intercepted on their way to Spain (923 vessels less). Islands by using the Western African sea Route. A further 24 per cent arrived at the Figure 10: Sea arrivals to Spain by month, comparison 2015–2019. autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the northern coast of Africa, mostly by land 12,000 (81%) and the remaining by sea (19%). 11,010

10,000 Land arrivals in Ceuta and Melilla 8,054 In December 2019, a total of 601 individuals 8,000 7,855

were recorded entering through the borders 6,926 of Ceuta and Melilla, the two Spanish 6,406 autonomous cities located in Northern 6,000 5,111 Africa, which is 23 per cent less than the 783 5,013 4,104 4,061 3,667 individuals registered in the previous month. 3,616 4,000 3,523 3,037

Of the total, 86 arrivals were registered 2,851 2,419 2,371 2,352 2,228 2,203 2,164 in Ceuta (14%) and the other 515 (86%) 2,137 1,773

2,000 1,486 1,400 1,340 1,258 in Melilla. The total number of land arrivals 1,248 1,110 1,102 1,088 1,049 936 934 900 867 854 842 835 802 752 715 588 575 535 492 458 this month represents an increase of 6 per 451 222 cent when compared to the same month 0 in 2018, when a total of 565 arrivals were MAY JULY JUNE APRIL

apprehended by the Spanish authorities. MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER Still, the overall number of land arrivals 2016 2017 2018 2019 SEPTEMBER between January and December this year (6,345) is slightly less (-7%) than the 6,800 entries registered in the same period of 2018. Figure 12: Resettlements of 289 nationals from the Syrian RESETTLED Figure 11: Arrivals in Ceuta and Melilla, 1,071 Arab Republic to Spain, PERSONS TO 78 comparison 2018–2019. SPAIN 2016–2019. 825 4,932 4,821

2016 2017 2018 Jan – Sep 2019 1,979

1,361 Map 5: Main arrival points in Spain, 2018 and 2019.

CEUTA MELILLA 2018 2019

Resettlement From the beginning of the first National Resettlement Program which initiated in June 2016 until now, IOM has assisted the resettlement to Spain of 2,263 refugees. The last arrivals were registered in September 2019, when 825 refugees were resettled from Turkey, Jordan and Israel under the second Spanish National Resettlement Program. As of September 2019, Spain officially launched the third national resettlement program, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Labour, Migration and Social Security. The program has a duration of 18 months and it is expected to facilitate the resettlement of 1,200 refugees from the following countries: Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Niger and Turkey. No arrivals under this program have been registered in its initial phase between September and December 2019.

BACK TO CONTENTS 13 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

ITALY

Developments during the reporting period Figure 14: Age/Sex breakdown of registered During December 2019, authorities in Italy registered a total of 589 new arrivals, which is a 52 arrivals by sea, January–December 2019 per cent decrease compared to the 1,232 reported in November 2019. Arrivals in December 15% 2019 are 64 per cent more than the 359 in December 2018, 75 per cent less than the 2,327 of

December 2017 and it is just 7 per cent of the 8,047 registered in December 2016. 5% A total of 11,471 migrants and refugees were reported to have arrived in Italy between January and December of 2019. This is a 51 per cent decrease in comparison with the same period of 9% 2018 when 23,370 arrivals were registered and is 10 per cent of the 119,369 reported between January and December 2017. Arrivals in Italy this year are the lowest reported on record since DTM began collecting this data in 2014. 71% According to the available data shared by the Italian Ministry of Interior (MOI),9 most migrants and refugees arrived in 2019 so far are adult males (71%), with the rest being adult females (9%), Adult Males accompanied children (5%) and unaccompanied and separated children (15%). Adult Females Accompanied Children Tunisia represents the first declared nationality for registered migrants arriving in Italy in 2019, Unaccompanied Children with 2,654 individuals (23% of the total). Other main reported countries of origin are Pakistan (10%), Côte d’Ivoire (10%), Algeria (9%), Iraq (8%) and others of Africa and Southern Asia. Figure 15: Nationality breakdown of registered Tunisians also made up the biggest national group of arrivals between January and December arrivals by sea in Italy between January 2018 (22% of the total), followed by migrants from Eritrea10 (14%), Iraq (7%), Sudan (7%) and and December 2019. Pakistan (7%). 23% Migrants and refugees that arrived by sea in Italy between January and December 2019 departed 31% more often from Libya (36%) and Tunisia (32%). Other main reported countries of departure are Turkey (16%), Algeria (8%) and Greece (8%).11 This year for the first time since 2011 Tunisia has surpassed Libya as the main country of departure until the beginning of October; although departures from Tunisia decreased in November and December compared to previous months, 10% the country is still the departure of one third of all registered arrivals. 8% 10% 9%

Tunisia Pakistan Côte d'Ivoire Algeria Figure 13: Monthly arrivals in Italy by sea, 2016–2019. Iraq Others

30,000 27,384 Figure 16: Nationality breakdown of registered arrivals by sea in Italy between January 23,552 25,000 23,524 22,993 22,371

21,294 and December 2018. 19,925 20,000

16,975 22%

15,000 13,962 12,943 11,461 10,853

9,676 43% 9,149 10,000 8,972 8,047 6,282 5,988 5,645 5,273 4,467 4,182 3,963 3,914 3,828 3,171 5,000 3,147 2,498 2,327 2,017 1,969 14% 1,531 1,268 1,232 1,218 1,088 1,058 1,049 980 1,007 947 782 589 359 262 255 202 60 0 7% MAY JULY JUNE APRIL 7% MARCH 7% AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER 2016 2017 2018 2019 Tunisia Eritrea* Iraq Sudan

Pakistan Others

9 IOM data is adjusted according to the official figures provided by Italian MOI twice a week. * The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by 10 The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants as migrants as reported by the Italian MOI. reported by the Italian MOI. 11 Calculations based on DTM Flow Monitoring data and data from Italian MOI.

14 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

4 December – After the Ministry of Interior’s 23 December – Following the Ministry of 29 December - The vessel Alan approval, the vessels Alan Kurdi and Ocean Interior’s approval, the vessel Ocean Vikings Kurdi disembarked 32 migrants in Pozzallo Vikings disembarked 121 migrants at the disembarked 159 migrants in Taranto (Sicily), following the Ministry of Interior’s ports of Messina (Sicily) and Pozzallo (Sicily). (Apulia). The migrants rescued will be approval. The migrants were onboard for 4 Specifically, the first vessel disembarked 61 relocated in France, Germany, and Portugal days, after they were rescued from a rubber migrants, and the second 60. The migrants (more here). boat in distress coming from Libya. (more were rescued in two operations in the here). Central Mediterranean sea (more here).

Known entry & exit points Map 5: Main entry points to Italy, 2018 and 2019.

R O M A N I A ENNA A R R I V A L S T O I T A L Y I T A L Y Arrivals 2019 2018 ! 2018 Departure Point LE CC E

3251 - 6000 ! 2019 Departure Point T U R K E Y 11,471 23,370 ! RAG U SA 1001 - 3250 Sea Route 2019 2018 351 - 1000 Land Route 5 - 350 A L G E R I A L I B Y A 1 2

N O R T H B U L G A R I A M A C E D O N I A

1 I T A L Y A L B A N I A Taranto Port ! 1 G R E E C E Santa Maria!! ! di Leuca Crotone Port ! Messina Port !! !

! Pantelleria Pozzallo Port ! Port ! ! ! Lampedusa 2 Port !!! !! T U N I S I A !! A L G E R I A !!! !!

!! !! ! ! !!! ! !!!!!! !! !! L I!B Y A ! !! ! 0 50 100 200 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source Data : IOM, Italian Authorities Kilometers

Since the beginning of the year, 439 single No official estimate on the number of It is well reported by media and organizations landing events where reported by Italian migrants entering Italy by land and air in the field, including IOM, that some authorities. Most recorded disembarkations borders is provided by Italian authorities. migrants try to exit the country and reach took place in Sicily (63% of the total) and Nevertheless, according to media reports and other European destinations. Ventimiglia particularly in Lampedusa and Pantelleria. The IOM operations in the North of Italy, there is consistently remains the most popular transit remaining number of events were registered a continuous flow of migrants and refugees place for migrants and refugees who are trying in Sardinia (Porto Pino, Sant’Antioco, entering Italy by land from Slovenia. The main to cross the border with France, followed Cagliari), Apulia (Leuca, Gallipoli) and Calabria reported nationalities of migrants entering by Bardonecchia (Italy/France), Como (Italy/ (Crotone e Roccella Jonica). Italy by land are Pakistan and Afghanistan. Switzerland) and, to a lesser extent, Bolzano (Italy/Austria).

BACK TO CONTENTS 15 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Relocation within Europe Resettlement and Humanitarian Migrants in reception centres Corridors After the closure of the EU relocation According to the data provided by the mechanism, IOM supports Italian authorities IOM Italy manages a resettlement program Italian Ministry of Interior, the total number in the procedures to relocate some financed by the Ministry of Interior, under of migrants hosted in reception centres of of the migrants and refugees arriving by sea to which 471 refugees were assisted so far in various types throughout the country is other EU countries. In 2019, IOM Italy assisted 2019: 79.2 per cent of them are nationals from 91,424 in December 2019. This is a 33 per the relocation of 230 individuals to France the Syrian Arab Republic with the rest being cent decrease compared to December and 132 to Germany; main nationalities were from Sudan, Eritrea12, Ethiopia and others. 2018. Out of the total, 27 per cent of Sudan (25%), Côte d’Ivoire (12%), Cameroon Departures took place from Lebanon, Jordan, migrants and refugees are hosted in second- (10%) and Nigeria (10%). Sudan and Libya. level reception centres (SIPROIMI) while the rest are hosted in first-level reception centres So far in 2019, IOM has also assisted Over the past three years, a consortium of faith- (hotspots, former CARA, CAS, etc.). the transfer of 31 children to the United based organizations has been organizing self- Kingdom within the framework of the DUBS funded humanitarian corridors in agreement The number of migrants and refugees in project. Since the beginning of the project with the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and reception is decreasing due to the decrease (April 2018), a total of 44 children were the Italian Ministry of Interior. A total of more in arrivals and to legislative changes which transferred to the UK with IOM support. than 2,700 migrants and refugees have been have also affected the criteria to be granted a admitted in Italy since February 2016, with shelter in the reception system. beneficiaries granted reception and integration The number of unaccompanied migrant services by the promoting organizations. children in dedicated reception facilities is Humanitarian corridors and evacuations from also decreasing. According to the Ministry Libya to Italy assisted by other UN agencies of Labour and Social Policies, around 6,369 have also been registered during the reporting Unaccompanied and Separated Children Map 6: Distribution of migrants in reception period. (UASC) were in reception at the end centres in Italy by region, December 2019. of November 2019, which represents a 66 per cent decrease compared to November I T A L Y P R E S E N T M I G R A N T S 2018 (18,508). Children coming from M i g r a n t P r e s e n c e e n d o f D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 91,424 Albania, Egypt, Pakistan, Côte d’Ivoire and A U S T R I A the Gambia represent more than half of S W I T Z E R L A N D T R E N T I N O - A LTO A D IG E H U N G A R Y F R I U L I all unaccompanied migrant children registered V E N E Z I A S L O V E N I A G I U L I A VA L L E and present in residential or family care. C R O A T I A D ' A O S TA LO M B A R D I A V E N E TO

P I E M O N T E B O S N I A A N D E M I L I A - R O M A G N A L I G U R I A H E R Z E G O V I N A Figure 17: Occupancy in reception centres for F R A N C E migrants and refugees in Italy at the end of the

M A R C H E TO S C A N A year, 2013–2019.

U M B R I A I T A L Y 200,000

A B R U Z ZO 183,681

L A Z I O 175,481 M O L I S E 180,000 160,000 C A M PA N I A P U G L I A

S A R D E G N A 135,858 B A S I L I C ATA 140,000 120,000 103,792 91,424 C A L A B R I A 100,000 80,000 66,066 60,000

S I C I L I A 40,000 22,118 20,000 0 A L G E R I A T U N I S I A 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Distribution of Migrants in Reception Centers by Region 2019 * LSeougrce eDanta : dIOM, National Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStLrLeeeteMagpg ceoentnrnibudtdors < 2,500 < 4,600 < 7,500 < 13,000 0 50 100 200 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Kilometers

12 The information on nationality breakdown provided *Data as of end of December 2019. in this report is based on the nationality declared by Source: Italian MOI. Note: this data does not include CPR migrants as reported by the Italian MOI. (centres for forced repatriation).

16 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

MALTA

Developments during the reporting period During the reporting period (1–31 December 2019), 97 migrants disembarked in Malta. The Figure 20: Arrivals in Malta by nationality, 17 registered arrivals were the result of one rescue operation, coordinated by the Armed Forces January–December 2019. of Malta (AFM) at the beginning of the month. Arrivals in December 2019 are approximately half of the 193 reported during the previous month this year (1–30 November 2019), and 38% approximately 63 per cent less than the 263 arrivals registered in December 2018. 39% According to the data provided by the Maltese Ministry for Home Affairs and National Security (MHAS), a total of 3,405 migrants arrived in Malta in 2019. This is more than twice the estimated arrivals for 2018 (1,445). According to available official data and IOM estimates, total arrivals in Malta in 2019 have exceed the yearly totals registered since 2013.

13 5% 7% Figure 18: Arrivals in Malta, January–December 2019. 5% 6%

700 662

599 Sudan 600

508 Eritrea* 500 Nigeria 376 400 362 Côte d'Ivoire 307 300 Morocco 193 188 200 Others 97 64

100 49 * The information on nationality breakdown provided in 0 this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants MAY JULY JUNE

APRIL as reported by the Maltese authorities. MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER

According to available data from the MHAS, in 2019, Sudan was by far the most frequent reported nationality at arrival (39%), followed by Eritrea14 (7%), Nigeria (6%), Morocco (5%), Côte d’Ivoire (5%), and about 30 other nationalities. Most disembarked migrants were adult males (71%), followed by children (24% of the total) and adult females (5%). Just over half of all children were reported to be unaccompanied (53%).15

Figure 19: Arrivals in Malta, 2013–2019.16

4,000

3,500 3,405 3,000 2,500 2,008 2,000 1,500 1,445 1,000 569 500 106 24 20 0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

* The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants as reported by the Maltese authorities.

13 Source: Ministry for Home Affairs and National Security and IOM. 14 The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants as reported by the Maltese authorities. 15 Information on sex and age is available only for arrivals since late June 2019 (1,895 individuals, or 56% of all arrivals registered in 2019). 17 Source: Ministry for Home Affairs and National 16 Source: Government of Malta – National Statistics Office, Ministry for Home Affairs and National Security – and IOM. Security and IOM.

BACK TO CONTENTS 17 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

GREECE

Developments during the reporting period During this reporting period (1–31 December Figure 21: Arrivals in Greece each month, 2016–2019. 2019), Hellenic authorities registered 6,952 80,000 migrants and refugees who arrived in Greece by sea and land. This is 26 per cent less than 70,000 67,954 the previous month, when 9,365 arrivals 60,000 57,540 were registered, almost two times the 3,954 reported in December 2018, and more than 50,000

two times the 2,845 reported in December 40,000 2017.

30,000 27,123 Between January and December 2019, 71,386 migrants and refugees have been 20,000 11,600 9,769 9,365 9,349 7,009 registered. This is 42 per cent more than 10,000 6,952 6,010 5,903 5,799 5,674 5,007 4,802 4,339 4,240 4,213 4,081 3,954 3,934 3,867 3,789 3,755 3,745 3,570 3,256 3,172 3,153 3,126 3,052 2,845 2,662 2,658 2,615 2,332 2,246 2,215 2,047 1,978 1,914 1,910 1,702 1,654 1,610 1,520 1,364 the 50,215 in 2018 and more than twice 1,185 the 35,052 reported in 2017. Thirteen per 0 MAY JULY JUNE APRIL

cent of all migrants and refugees registered MARCH AUGUST AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER arriving in Greece so far in 2019 crossed SEPTEMBER 2016 2017 2018 2019 into the country through land routes and the remaining 87 per cent arrived by sea. Figure 22: Arrivals by sea and by land in Greece between January and December 2017–2019. Afghanistan was the most commonly reported country of origin in 2019, declared 80,000 by 43 per cent of registered migrants and 60,000 refugees arriving by sea to Greece. Other countries and areas of origin include the 40,000 62,445 32,742 Syrian Arab Republic (25%), followed by Iraq 20,000 29,501 (5%), the Palestinian Territories (5%), and the 5,551 17,473 8,941 Democratic Republic of the Congo (5%). The 0 remaining 17 per cent are distributed among 2017 2018 2019 60 other countries/areas of origin. In the same Land Sea period of 2018, the most frequently reported countries or areas of origin were Afghanistan (29%), the Syrian Arab Republic (23%), Iraq Figure 23: Countries/areas of origin breakdown Figure 24: Countries/areas of origin breakdown (18%), the Palestinian Territories (4%) and of registered arrivals by sea in Greece between of registered arrivals by sea in Greece between Democratic Republic of the Congo (4%). January and December 2019. January and December 2018.

17% 22% 29% 5% 43% 5% 4% 4% 5%

18% 25% 23%

Afghanistan Afghanistan Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic Palestinian Territories Iraq Iraq Palestinian Territories Democratic Republic of Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Others Others

18 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Known entry points Map 6: Main entry points to Greece, 2018 and 2019.

According to the available data for December B U L G A R I A A R R I V A L S T O G R E E C E I T A L Y Arrivals by sea 2019 ! 2019 Departure Point 2019, Lesbos, Samos and Kos (in descending G R E E C E by land 2018 By Sea By Sea Sea Route T U R K E Y 62,445 32,742 < 27,000 order) are the main entry points for migrants Land Route < 15,000 who arrived in Greece by sea, similar to 8,941 By Land 17,473 By Land < 8,000 2019 2018 < 3,000 the previous reporting period also (1–30 FLORINA THESSALONIKI ! Enez November). Available data indicates that the IMATHIA KOZANI Gokceada ! majority of those who arrived in the country GREBENA by land in 2019 travelled from the Edirne LARISA Ayvacik TRIK ALA ! province in Turkey to the Evros region in Ayvalik K ARDITSA ARTA ! Dikili Greece. ! FTHIOTIDA Lesbos Foca ! G R E E C E T U R K E Y Cesme Chios VOIOTIA ! Menderes Seferihisar ! ACHAIA Oinousses ! Selcuk K!usadasi Samos ILEIA ! ! Soke Agathonisi Didim ARK ADIA ! Farmakonisi Leros MESSINIA Kalymnos Ortaca Kos ! Symi

Rhodes Megisti

0 25 50 100 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source Data : IOM, Hellenic Coast Guard Kilometers

Migrant presence Table 2: Types of facilities in Greece and occupancy at the end December 2019.

According to the latest available data from Number of accommodated Type of facilities IOM Athens and national authorities there migrants and refugees were an estimated 103,122 migrants and Islands 41,899 refugees in different accommodation facilities Open Accommodation Facilities on the mainland 24,110 on the Greek mainland and islands at the UNHCR Accommodation scheme on the mainland 21,620 end of December 2019, an increase (4%) EKKA UAC 5,301 compared to the 99,251 reported at the end Reception and Identification Centers on the mainland (Evros) 380 of the previous reporting period (November Detention Centers on the mainland 2,914 2019) and a 72 per cent increase compared Hotels in the mainland 6,898 to the 60,083 registered at the end of Total 103,122 December 2018. An estimated 41 per cent of people in official reception facilities in Map 7: Distribution of migrants in reception centres in Greece by region, December 2019.

Greece at the end of December 2019 were G R E E C E P R E S E N T M I G R A N T S registered in facilities on the islands, while M i g r a n t P r e s e n c e 103,122 e n d o f D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 K O S O V O the remaining 59 per cent were registered in ( S C R S E R B I A 1 2 4 4 ) different types of shelters on the mainland. B U L G A R I A N O R T H Since May 2019 when 68,714 were reported, M A C E D O N I A

AN ATO LIK I M A KED O NIA , more accommodated migrants and refugees TH R AK I KE N T RI K I M A K E D O N I A have been reported each month in Greece A L B A N I A DY TIK I than any month since DTM began collecting MA KED ONIA G R E E C E this information in 2016. IP E I RO S T H E S S A L I A

S T ER E A T U R K E Y EL L A DA

DY T IKI AT TIKI ELL A DA PELOPONNISOS

KR I T I

Distribution of Migrants in Reception Centers by Region < 800 < 3,500 < 7,600 < 35,000 LSoeurcge Deata n: IOdM, National Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreLeLtMeaep gcgoneteribnuntodrds This map includes those accomodated on the islands and in open accomodation centres on the mainland only. 0 37.5 75 150 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Kilometers

BACK TO CONTENTS 19 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

CYPRUS

Developments during the reporting period

According to available data from authorities In 2019, migrants and refugees arriving by land Figure 25: Arrivals in Cyprus between January in Cyprus, 487 arrivals were recorded in were most frequently registered as nationals and December, comparison 2017–2019. December 2019. Of these, 454 arrived by of Syrian Arab Republic (31%), followed by land via the Green Line from the northern Cameroon (14%), Bangladesh (12%), Pakistan 10,000 part of the island and the remaining 33 arrived (12%), Georgia (4%), and others (28%). 8,000 7,821 by sea. Overall, this represent a decrease of Most were adult males (72%), some were 6,000 40 per cent from the 813 arrivals reported adult females (14%) and the remaining were 4,795 in November 2019, and it marks one of children (13%). 4,000 2,662 the lowest numbers of monthly arrivals in 2,000 2019. Nevertheless, a total of 7,821 arrivals have been registered this year (January– 0

December), which is almost 1.5 times the 2017 2018 2019 4,795 reported in 2018 and three times the 2,662 reported in 2017.

Figure 26:Nationality breakdown of land arrivals Figure 27: Nationality breakdown of land arrivals Figure 28: Sex/age breakdown of land arrivals in in Cyprus in December 2019. in Cyprus between January and December 2019. Cyprus between January and December 2019. 13% 26% 27% 31% 31% 14%

4% 5% 72% 17% 12% 14% 8% 14% 12% Adult Male Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic Adult Female Bangladesh Cameroon Children Pakistan Pakistan Cameroon Bangladesh Nigeria Georgia Others Others

Migrant presence As of the end of December 2019, 247 migrants and asylum seekers were reportedly accommodated in the Kofinou Reception Facility in Cyprus, consistent with previous months in 2019. The highest reported number of accommodated in 2019 was 255 in January, and the lowest was 214 in July.

20 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

BULGARIA

Developments during the reporting period In December 2019, Bulgarian authorities have reported the apprehension of 87 new irregular Figure 30: Nationality breakdown of migrants migrants. Of these, there were 35 apprehensions inside the country, 28 apprehensions on exit registered at entry in Bulgaria between January from the country, and 19 apprehensions were on entry at the border with Turkey. Furthermore, and December 2019. there were 5 apprehensions at the border with Greece.18 24% Between January and December 2019, there have been 1,940 new apprehensions.This is 23 30% per cent less than the 2,533 apprehensions registered between January and December 2018. The monthly average of new apprehensions in Bulgaria in 2019 was 162 and has ranged from a minimum of 55 in November to a maximum of 318 in May. 7% Figure 29: Number of new irregular migrants apprehended in Bulgaria each month, comparison 2017– 2019. 9% 19% 4,500 11% 4,022 4,000

3,500 Afghanistan

3,000 Iraq 2,645 Turkey 2,500 2,133 Syrian Arab Republic 2,000 Iran 1,436 1,328

1,500 1,236 1,201

1,129 Others

1,000 725 596 524 520 487 450 414 413

354 Figure 31: Nationality breakdown of migrants 330 318 315 311 293 280 263 245 500 244 209 190 162 161 158 150 132 129 124 117 102 99 89 82 81 72 65 60 55 53 50 48 apprehended within Bulgaria between January 0 and December 2019. MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER 2016 2017 2018 2019 31% 50% Migrant presence As of 29 December 2019, an estimated 587 migrants and asylum seekers were accommodated in different reception facilities in Bulgaria, slightly more than the 541 reported as of 28 November 2019, yet is less than the 690 reported one year previously (30 December 2018). 19% Table 3: Reception facilities in Bulgaria with information on occupancy and capacity, as of the end of December 2019. Afghanistan Currently Accommodation facility Capacity Accommo- Syrian Arab Republic dated Others Facilities run by the State Agency for Refugees19 Open Reception Centre in Banya 70 0 Open Reception Centre in Sofia – Ovcha Kupel 860 124 Open Reception Centre in Sofia – Vrazhdebna 370 164 Open Reception Centre in Sofia – Voenna Rampa 800 50 Closed Reception Centre in Harmanli 2,710 117 Closed Reception Centre in Sofia – Busmantsi 60 10 Facilities run by the Ministry of Interior20 Closed Reception Centre in Lyubimets 350 Closed Reception Centre in Busmantsi 400 122 Closed Reception Centre in Elhovo (temporarily closed due to N/A renovation) To t a l 5,940 587

18 Those registered at the border with Greece are not included in total arrivals to avoid potential double counting, considering that these individuals may have been already recorded as arrivals in Greece. 19 As of 26 December. 20 As of 29 December.

BACK TO CONTENTS 21 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 WESTERN BALKANS AND OTHER TRANSIT COUNTRIES/AREAS

Map 8: Western Balkans map with figures of irregular migrant apprehensions and arrivals in December 2019.

17,611 new migrants and refugees registered in reception centres in Serbia in 2019, two times the 8,827 reported in 2018. min. 29,196 irregular migrants apprehended in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2019, a 21 per cent increase compared to the 24,067 reported in 2018.

8,685 irregular migrants apprehended in Montenegro in 2019, an 87 per cent increase compared to the 4,645 reported in 2018.

Est. 71,386 new land and sea arrivals registered in Greece in 2019, 42 per cent increase compared 3,067 irregular migrants to the 50,215 registered in 2018. apprehended on entry and exit to According to the last available data, Albania in 2019, 10 per cent less at the end of December 2019, compared to the 3,399 reported in 123,122 migrants and refugees were 2018. estimated to be residing in Greece (excluding those self-settled).

The designation is to highlight the most active routes detected in the Western Balkans at the moment.

22 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

ALBANIA

Developments during the reporting period21 During this reporting period (1–31 December Figure 32: Registered irregular migrants on entry in Albania each month, 2016–2019. 2019), there were 31 reported apprehensions 500 on entry to Albania in the Gjirokaster region, 453 450 much less than the 180 reported in November

400 372 2019. The 453 apprehensions on entry in 350 293

October was the most reported on entry 300 273 243

in one month since DTM activities began in 250 216

Albania in January 2016. A similar number 200 180 158 147 136 131 127 126 125 116

150 114 110 108 108

of entries was recorded in the same month 103 96 94 94 94 86 84 78 69

100 63 55 51 47

last year (32 in December 2018). Between 44 44 42 39 37 32 32 31 21 19 16 50 15 11 8 3 January and December 2019, a total of 1,735 1 0 apprehensions on entry were recorded, 7 per MAY JULY JUNE APRIL

cent more than the 1,627 recorded in 2018. MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER Additionally, 160 individuals were 2016 2017 2018 2019 apprehended on exit22 in their attempt to exit to Montenegro via the Shkoder region, more Figure 33: Registered irregular migrants on exit in Albania each month, 2018–2019. than the 107 reported in November 2019, yet almost as many as the 185 reported in 350 306

October which was the highest reported 300 285

amount on exit since November 2018 250 224 210 205 when 205 were registered. Overall, 1,332 200 185 160 158 150 149

apprehensions on exit were recorded during 139

150 126 115 107

2019 which is 25 per cent less than the 1,772 95 93 90 87

100 74 recorded in 2018. 68 40 50 38 Individuals registered between January and 0 December 2019 most frequently originated MAY JULY JUNE from the Syrian Arab Republic (30%), APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER followed by Iraq (23%), Morocco (10%), SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER NOVEMBER Afghanistan (10%), Pakistan (9%) and others 2018 2019 (18%). Available data for the same period of 2018 indicates a relative decrease in the presence of Syrian nationals (53% between Figure 34: Nationality breakdown of registered Figure 35: Nationality breakdown of registered January–December 2018) and a relative irregular migrants between January and irregular migrants between January and increase in Iraqi nationals (9% between December 2019. December 2018. January–December 2018). 18% 16% 30% 5% 9% 5% 53%

10% 9%

10% 23% 12%

Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic 21 IOM collects data from two major Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Albania, one in the Gjirokastra region Iraq Pakistan and one in the Shkodra region. There are other Morocco Iraq smaller points and irregular border crossings that are Algeria not included in this summary. Afghanistan 22 In March 2018, DTM established a Flow Monitoring Pakistan Morocco Point in the north of Albania to capture outgoing Others Others flows towards Montenegro. For more information about incoming and outgoing flows in 2018, check here.

BACK TO CONTENTS 23 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Developments during the reporting Figure 36: Registered irregular entries in Bosnia and Herzegovina between January and December 2019. period 5,000 4,557 4,465 During December 2019, Bosnia and 4,500 Herzegovina authorities (Ministry of Security 4,000

of BiH) reported 1,100 new irregular 3,500 3,326

migrants, less than the 1,925 reported in the 3,000 2,913 2,631 2,603 previous month (November 2019) and one 2,500 2,096 third of the 3,326 reported in October 2019. 1,925 2,000 1,721 The average number of migrants arriving each 1,500 1,117 1,110

week since the beginning of 2019 is 561. 1,000 873 Between January and December 2019, 500 29,196 new arrivals have been reported. This 0 MAY JULY JUNE is 21 per cent more than the 24,067 reported APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER in 2018 and significantly more than the 755 SEPTEMBER reported in 2017.23 The most commonly reported country of Figure 37: Irregular entries to Bosnia and Herzegovina, weekly arrivals in 2019. origin of individuals entering Bosnia and 1,016 Herzegovina between January and December 1,005 1,000 947 942 916 915 915

2019 was Pakistan (33%), followed by 905 878 859 859 848 Afghanistan (14%), Iraq (8%), Morocco (8%), 847 816 795 the Syrian Arab Republic (7%), Bangladesh 800 784 (7%) and others (23%). Between February 704 628 627 24 617 603 598 593 and December 2018, nationals of Pakistan 587

600 562 545 517 514 510

were also the most frequent (33%), followed 501 495 473 467 447 443

by migrants and refugees from the Islamic 418 410 409

400 371

Republic of Iran (15%), the Syrian Arab 341 322 314

Republic (12%), Afghanistan (12%), Iraq (9%) 276 233 207 205 196 186 183

and others (19%). 179

200 163

Between January and September 2019, 105 nationals of Pakistan were the most frequent among irregular arrivals in Bosnia and 0 Herzegovina. This changed in October and November, where nationals of Afghanistan were the most frequently reported, and again in December 2019, when Morocco Figure 38: Nationality breakdown of migrants Figure 39: Nationality breakdown of migrants was the most commonly reported nationality. registered in Bosnia and Herzegovina between registered in Bosnia and Herzegovina between The number of both Afghan and Pakistani January and December 2019. February and December 2018. nationals registered in the country decreased significantly during the same month. 19% Additionally, since September 2019, IOM 30% 33% 33% detected a significant increase in the number of unaccompanied children from Egypt 9% amounting to total of 348 for 2019. Of these, 75 per cent of unaccompanied children from Egypt entered Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 7% 12% fourth quarter of the year, with the highest 15% monthly total in November (163 arrivals). 8% 14% 8% 12% Pakistan Pakistan Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Iran 23 Total figures of arrivals to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2017 and 2018 have been slightly adjusted from Iraq Syrian Arab Republic previous reports according to data provided by the Morocco Afghanistan Ministry of Security. Syrian Arab Republic Iraq 24 Nationality data for January 2018 is not available, Others Others hence the summary refers to the period between February and December 2018.

24 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Migrant presence

According to the data received from IOM Figure 40: Nationality breakdown of Figure 41: Age/sex breakdown of accommodated and partner agencies working in the field, accommodated migrants and refugees as of 29 migrants and refugees as of 29 December 2019. there were an estimated 8,128 migrants December 2019. and refugees residing in the country as of 29 December 2019, a decrease since 24 17% November when 8,852 were recorded. 5% 12% Of the 4,152 people residing in the official 4% 47% reception facilities or who registered a private 5% address as a requirement for their asylum 21% 74% claim, 74 per cent of individuals were adult 8% males, 5 per cent adult females and 21 per cent children. Among the children, 57 per 9% cent were registered as unaccompanied and 19% 25 Adult Males separated. Pakistan Adult Females Migrants and refugees present in the country Afghanistan Unaccompanied children as of 29 December were nationals of Pakistan Iraq Accompanied children (47%), Afghanistan (19%), Iraq (8%), Egypt Egypt (5%), the Islamic Republic of Iran (4%) and Islamic Republic of Iran others (17%).26 Others

Map 9: Accommodation facilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina with information on occupancy and capacity, December 2019.

B O S N I A A N D H E R Z E G O V I N A P R E S E N T M I G R A N T S M i g r a n t P r e s e n c e 8,128 e n d o f D E C 2 0 1 9 S L O V E N I A Miral (TRC) Temporary R O M A N I A Reception Center #619 | 700 Hotel Sedra (TRC) Temporary Reception Center Zene sa Une 330 | 380 6 | 26! R E P U B L I K A S R P S K A !# Bira (TRC) Temporary Borići (TRC) Temporary Reception Center 290 | 430 Reception Center 2,141 | 1800 B O S N I A A N D H E R Z E G O V I N A S E R B I A C R O A T I A Lukavica Immigration Center Ušivak (TRC) Temporary ReceptHioonu Csee notfe Ar ll 1,327 7| 48 0| 090 62 | 105 !!!! F E D E R AT I O N O F B O S N IA Blazuj Delijaš Asylum Center (AC) A N D H ER Z EG OV IN A 425 |! 11 | 154 Salakovac Refugee/Asylum Center 111 | 213 !

M O N T E N E G R O K O S O V O ( S C R 1 2 4 4 ) I T A L Y A L B A N I A

! Open Reception Center ! Closed Reception Center ! #Open Reception Center, Transit Point # Transit Point ! Alternative Accommodation Facility Number of Present Migrants | Capacity Legend LLeeggeenndd 0 20 40 80 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source Data : IOM, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors Kilometers

25 SADD not available for estimated number of migrants and refugees residing outside the official reception systems in privately arranged accommodation or squatting. 26 Nationality data does not include the number of migrants and refugees residing outside the official reception systems in privately arranged accommodation or squatting.

BACK TO CONTENTS 25 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

CROATIA

Developments during the reporting period Based on available data from the Croatian Ministry of Interior, a total of 1,390 irregular migrants Figure 43: Country or area of origin of irregular were apprehended in December 2019, 11 per cent less than the 1,555 apprehended during migrants apprehended in Croatia, January to November 2019. The number of apprehensions in December this year is 97 per cent more than December 2019. the 704 reported in December 2018 and over almost nine times the 155 recorded in December 2017. 21% Of those apprehended in Croatia in December 2019, 237 (17%) were apprehended in Primorsko- 38% Goranska county on the way to the Slovenian border. Additionally, 198 (14%) were apprehended in Vukovarsko-Srijemska county which borders Serbia, and 192 (14%) were apprehended in Zagrebacka county bordering Slovenia.

Between January and December 2019, authorities in Croatia apprehended a total of 19,683 17% irregular migrants, 143 per cent more than the 8,092 apprehended in the same period of 2018 and more than almost eight times the 2,479 registered by the end of December 2017. 6% 9% Figure 42: Number apprehended migrants in Croatia each month, 2017–2019. 9% Pakistan 3,000 Afghanistan 2629

2567 Iraq 2,500 Turkey 2289

2100 Syrian Arab Republic 2,000 Others 1,659 1,560 1555 1,493 1390 1,500 1,358 Figure 44: Country or area of origin of irregular 1,279 1,236 migrants apprehended in Croatia between

1,000 885 January to December 2018. 732 731 704 546 542 510

468 20% 420 395 500 385 342 290 254 235 228 225 189 187 187 183 178 168 155 37% 0 MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER

FEBRUARY 14% DECEMBER NOVEMBER SEPTEMBER

2017 2018 2019

6% 12% Pakistan (21%) and Afghanistan (17%) are the most common origin countries reported by 11% registered migrants between January and December 2019, followed by Iraq (9%), Turkey (9%), the Syrian Arab Republic (6%) and others (38%). Compared to the same period last year, a Afghanistan decrease is observed in the proportion of nationals of the Islamic Republic of Iran (11% in 2018, Pakistan 4% in 2019). Likewise, an increase in the proportion of nationals of Pakistan is observed (14% in Turkey 2018, 21% in 2019). Islamic Republic of Iran Kosovo* Others

*References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

26 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Map 10: Apprehensions in Croatia by county between January and December 2019.

A R R I V A L S T O R E G I S T E R E D A R R I VA L S C R O A T I A 19,683 1 J a n - 3 1 D e c 2 0 1 9

A U S T R I A

H U N G A R Y

MED IM UR SK A VA R A Z D I N S K A

KOP RI VNI C KO - KRI ZE VAC K A S L O V E N I A KR A P I N S KO -Z AGO R S K A GR A D Z AG RE B VIROVI T I C KO - P O D RAVS K A S E R B I A BJE LOVAR S KO - BI LO G O R S K A Z AG REB ACK A C R O A T I A OSJ E CKO - B A RAN J S K A P R I M O R S KO - GO R A N S K A POZ ES KO -S L AVO N S K A SI SACKO - MOSL AVACK A

I S TA R S K A K A RLOVAC K A B RO D S KO - PO S AVS K A

VU KOVA R SKO -SR I JEM SK A

LI C KO -S E N J S K A

Z A DA R S K A B O S N I A A N D H E R Z E G O V I N A

S IB E N S KO - K N IN S K A

S PL I T S KO - DA L M AT IN S K A

M O N T E N E G R O

DU B ROVACKO - N ER E T VAN S K A

I T A L Y

Percentage of Registered Arrivals by County LSeougrce eDanta : dIOM, National Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStLrLeeeteMagpg ceoentnrnibudtdors No Data < 800 < 1,400 < 2,800 < 7,300 0 25 50 100 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Kilometers

Migrant presence By 30 December 2019, a total of 514 asylum seekers were accommodated in reception centres in Croatia, 9 per cent more than the 471 reported at the end of November 2019. Of these, 425 migrants and asylum seekers were accommodated in the open reception centre in Zagreb, 73 were accommodated in the open reception centre in Kutina and 16 in the closed reception centre in Ježevo. Table 4: Reception facilities in Croatia with information on occupancy and capacity as of the end of December 2019.

Number of accommodated migrants and Accommodation facility Capacity asylum seekers Reception Centre for Asylum Seekers in Zagreb 300 (600)* 425 Reception Centre for Asylum Seekers in Kutina 100 73 Reception Centre for Foreigners (Ježevo) 90 16 Total 590 (790) 514

*Maximum capacity is 600 but it is undergoing renovation.

BACK TO CONTENTS 27 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

MONTENEGRO

Developments during the reporting period During this reporting period (1–31 December 2019), authorities in Montenegro registered 631 Figure 46: Country or area of origin of registered new migrants and refugees,27 34 per cent less than the 961 reported in the previous month migrants between January and December 2019. (November 2019). The 1,220 reported in October 2019 was the highest number of reported apprehensions in Montenegro since DTM activities began in January 2016. Of the 631 arrivals in 18% Morocco December, 609 were registered on entry to Montenegro and the remaining 22 were registered 34% Syrian Arab Republic on exit. In the same month last year, December 2018, just 245 new migrants and refugees were 5% Algeria registered in Montenegro. Iraq 7% Since the beginning of the year, authorities registered a total of 8,695 migrants and refugees, of Pakistan which 8,257 were on entry and 438 were on exit. This is 87 per cent more than in 2018 when Others 4,645 were reported, and more than ten times the 807 reported in 2017. 15% 21% In 2019 the reported country of origin of registered migrants was most commonly Morocco (34%), followed by the Syrian Arab Republic (21%), Algeria (15%), Iraq (7%), Pakistan18% (5%) Morocco 34% and others (18%). Nationals of the Syrian Arab Republic were the most frequent among Syrian Arab Republic those registered each month in Montenegro between April 2018 and May 2019.5% Since June Algeria 2019, nationals of Morocco have been the most frequent, and were the majority among those Iraq registered in November and December 2019 (56% and 73% respectively). 7% Pakistan Others 15% Figure 45: Registrations on entry to Montenegro registered each month, 2017–2019. 21%

1,200

1,126 Figure 47: Country or area of origin of registered migrants between January and December 2018. 1,000 905 878 16% Syrian Arab Republic

800 769 Pakistan 711 45% 672 659

631 7% 622 618 Algeria 588 583

600 558 520 503 499 Iraq 469 8% 400 387 Palestinian Territories 329 320 256 245 8% Others

200 179 138 101 97 16% 66 61 41 39 39 36 34 23 15 14 0 16% Syrian Arab Republic MAY JULY JUNE APRIL

MARCH Pakistan AUGUST

JANUARY 45% OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER SEPTEMBER 7% NOVEMBER 2017 2018 2019 Algeria Iraq 8% Migrant presence Palestinian Territories As of 25 December 2019, there were 302 migrants and asylum seekers accommodated8% in the Others reception facilities, less than the 397 reported as of 27 November 2019. 16%

27 IOM monitors the ingoing and outgoing flow of reception centers in and near Sputz in the south and Pljevlja in the north. The number of first-time registered migrants and refugees in these centres is used as a proxy for arrivals into Montenegro.

28 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

NORTH MACEDONIA

Developments during the reporting period During this reporting period (December 2019) 266 new arrivals were registered in North Figure 49: Nationality breakdown of registered Macedonia, which represents a 44 per cent increase compared to the previous reporting period irregular migrants between January and (November 2019) when 185 arrivals were reported. By the end of December, total of 1,788 December 2019. migrants have been registered arriving to the country in 2019. There were almost three times as many new arrivals in December 2019 when compared to December 2018, when 92 arrivals 25% were reported. 34% Figure 48: Apprehensions of irregular migrants entering North Macedonia each month, 2017–2019.

800 705 6%

600 6% 438 375 342 400 325 7% 276 266 22% 199 185 167 164 153 151 147 137 133 122

200 115 107 Afghanistan 94 92 91 90 90 85 82 71 64 56 50 45 29 14 5 2 0 0 Pakistan Syrian Arab Republic MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH

AUGUST Bangladesh JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER 2017 2018 2019 Algeria Others Based on the monthly report for the month of December, the Red Cross mobile teams in the area of Gevgelija provided assistance to 1,419 persons which excludes the Transit reception center Vinojug located in the vicinity of the southern border with Greece, while the mobile team covering the areas of the villages Lojane, Vaksince, Lipkovo all located in the close vicinity of the Figure 50: Nationality breakdown of registered northern border with Serbia assisted 1,692 persons, this number excludes the Transit Reception irregular migrants between January and Centre Tabanovce. December 2018. According to available data, migrants and refugees from Afghanistan (34%) were the most 4% frequent of those registered by authorities between January and December 2019, followed by 4% 8% Pakistan (22%), the Syrian Arab Republic (7%), Bangladesh (6%), Algeria (6%), and others (25%). According to the available data for 2018,28 the most frequently reported nationality was the Islamic Republic of Iran (62%), followed by Afghanistan (12%), Pakistan (10%), Iraq (8%), Libya 10% (4%) and others (4%). A decrease in the proportion of Iranian nationals is observed this year so far, together with an increase in the proportion of Afghan and Pakistani nationals. 62% Migrant presence 12% According to available data, the total number of accommodated migrants and refugees in North Macedonia as of 31 December 2019 is 109, similar to previous months. The number of Islamic Republic of Iran accommodated migrants throughout 2019 ranges from a minimum of 37 reported in January to Afghanistan a maximum of 146 reported in July. Pakistan Table 5: Capacity and current occupancy of accommodation facilities in North Macedonia as of 31 Iraq December 2019. Libya Currently Others Name of Accommodation Facility Capacity* Accommodating “Vinojug” Transit Centre—Gevgelija 1,100–1,200 12 (Greece—North Macedonia Border) Tabanovce Transit Centre 1,100 9 (North Macedonia—Serbian Border) Vizbegovo – Reception center for Asylum Seekers 150 79 Gazi Baba – Reception Center for Foreigners 120 10 Vlae – Safe House 25–30 0 TOTAL 2,495–2,600 110

28 Nationality data is available for 2,746 of 3,132 arrivals between January and December 2018.

BACK TO CONTENTS 29 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

ROMANIA

Developments during the reporting period In December 2019, Romanian authorities apprehended a total of 240 migrants and asylum seekers. Figure 52: Nationality breakdown of migrants Of these, 179 apprehensions were on exit from the country mainly towards Hungary (Arad, Timis apprehended between January and December and Satu-Mare county) and 61 were on entry, intercepted entering from Bulgaria (Giurgiou). This 2019. is the highest reported number of apprehensions in Romania since 542 were reported on entry 22% and exit in total in September 2017, and 42 per cent of all reported apprehensions in Romania in 2019 occurred in the last two months of the year (November–December 2019). 41% Between January and December 2019, there have been 734 migrants and asylum seekers 6% apprehended on exit, an 18 per cent increase on the 622 reported in 2018. There have also been 212 apprehended on entry in 2019, a 13 percent decrease on the 245 reported in 2018. 9% Figure 51: Registered irregular migrants in Romania each month, 2018–2019. 10% 800 12% 718 700 Iraq

600 Syrian Arab Republic 542

500 Afghanistan 431 Islamic Republic of Iran 400 Turkey 300 240

201 Others 159 159

200 151 141 130 128 123 118 90 88 83 79 76 67 63 60 59 55 55 49 100 47 41 38 33 33 26 23 19 0 Figure 53: Age/sex breakdown of apprehended MAY JULY JUNE APRIL migrants between January and December 2019. MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER NOVEMBER 2017 2018 2019 SEPTEMBER 13%

According to the available data,29 between January and December 2019 nationals of Iraq constitute the largest group (41%), followed by those from the Syrian Arab Republic (12%), 16% Afghanistan (10%), the Islamic Republic of Iran (9%), Turkey (6%), and others (22%). Of the 706 migrants registered between January and December 2019, 71 per cent were adult males, 16 per cent adult females and 13 per cent children. 71% Migrant presence As of 26 December 2019, there were 569 migrants and asylum seekers registered as residing in Adult males state-run accommodation facilities in Romania, 182 more than the 387 reported at the end of Adult females November 2019 and 184 more than the 385 registered at the end of the same month last year, Children December 2018. Most migrants were in the asylum centres located in Bucharest (130), followed by Somcuta Mare (95) and Radauti (93).

29 Based on available nationality data for 925 apprehended migrants and asylum seekers in Romania in 2019.

30 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

SERBIA

Developments during the reporting period

In December 2019, 2,21930 new migrants and refugees were registered in Reception Centres Figure 55: Nationality breakdown of registered (RC) in Serbia, which is a 19 per cent decrease compared to the previous month (2,745), and a migrants and refugees in Serbia between January 250 per cent increase on the reported number for the same month last year, December 2018 and December 2019. (635). While 60 per cent of new arrivals irregularly entered Serbia from North Macedonia, part of those coming from Albania via Kosovo31 grew to 25 per cent this month. 12% 4% Total registrations between January and December this year were 17,611, which is two times the 35% 8,827 registered in 2018 and over three times the 5,435 registered in the same period of 2017. 11% Those registered in December 2019 were most frequently from Afghanistan (53%), followed by arrivals from Syrian Arab Republic (24%), Morocco (7%), Pakistan (5%), Algeria (3%) and others (8%). Registrations of nationals of Afghanistan have been increasing each month since July 2019, 11% when 190 were registered, to December 2019 where 1,184 have been registered (53% of the total), whilst registrations of nationals of Pakistan and Bangladesh have become less frequent over the same period. 27% Afghanistan According to a UN partner agency, 1,713 new arrivals to Serbia were identified in December 2019. Of these, 60 per cent arrived from North Macedonia (down from 65% in November), 5 Pakistan per cent from Bulgaria (down from 7%), while 25 per cent arrived from Albania (up from 15%) Bangladesh and 10 per cent from other destinations. Among them, 13 per cent were UASC. Syrian Arab Republic Migrant presence Iraq Others The number of migrants and refugees in Serbia on 31 December according to the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees and Migration (SCRM) was 6,410. Around 1,101 were observed residing outside the official reception system: some 298 in Belgrade City Center and another 803 in border areas with Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. By the end of last month, November 2019, this total was 5,253 and so has increased by 22 per cent this month. It is the highest reported number since 5 July 2017. The reported nationalities of present migrants on 31 December is Afghanistan (52%), then the Syrian Arab Republic (12%), Iraq (6%), Pakistan (6%), Bangladesh (6%), the Islamic Republic of Iran (5%), and others (11%). Most are male adults (76%), then children (17% including 5% UASC) and female adults (7%). Figure 54: Arrivals in Serbia each month each month, 2017–2019.

3.000 2.745

2.500 2.219 2.194

2.000 1.905 1.664 1.642 1.644

1.500 1.340 1.103 1.081 1.012 935 928 920 920 886 837 782

1.000 771 635 582 546 514 483 427 410 389 367 347 349 333

500 260 241 224 163 75 0 MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER 2017 2018 2019 SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER

30 This is the total of newly registered migrants excluding Asylum Centres. 31 References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of the United Nationa Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

BACK TO CONTENTS 31 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Figure 56: Age/sex breakdown of registered arrivals between January and December 2019.

2% 2% 91% 7%

Adult Male Adult Female Accompanied children Unaccompanied children

Map 11: Accommodation facilities in Serbia with information on capacity and occupancy, December 2019.

S E R B I A P R E S E N T M I G R A N T S M i g r a n t P r e s e n c e 6,410 e n d o f D E C 2 0 1 9

I T A L Y M A C E D O N I A T U R K E Y ! Open Reception Center ! Closed Reception Center ! #Open Reception Center, Transit Point # Transit Point ! Alternative Accommodation Facility Number of Present Migrants | Capacity Legend LLeeggeenndd 0 35 70 140 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source Data : IOM, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors Kilometers

32 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

SLOVENIA

Developments during the reporting period

In December 2019, authorities in Slovenia apprehended 794 irregular migrants, 19 per cent Figure 58: Nationality breakdown of registered less than the 941 reported in November 2019 and 46 per cent less than the 1,463 reported in irregular migrants between January and October. Between January and December 2019, 14,300 irregular migrants were apprehended by December 2019. Slovenian authorities, 69 per cent more than the 8,477 reported in the same period of 2018 and more than seven times the 1,934 reported in the same period of 2017. The following highlights 25% 28% are from this reporting period (1-31 December 2019).

Figure 57: Apprehensions of irregular migrants entering Slovenia each month, comparison 2017–2019.

2.500 2.300 10% 14%

2.000 1.948 10%

1.767 13%

1.500 1.463 Pakistan 1.217

1.176 Algeria 1.168 1.158 1.103 1.076 1.033 1.002 Afghanistan 941 913

1.000 883 794 Morocco 687

573 Bangladesh 500 334 326 Others 263 244 242 237 218 214 206 201 209 181 172 139 121 79 77 46 0 Figure 59: Nationality breakdown of registered MAY

JULY irregular migrants between January and JUNE APRIL MARCH

AUGUST December 2018. JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER 2017 2018 2019 SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER 28% 28% According to available data between January and December 2019,32 Pakistan and Algeria were the 32% 32% most commonly reported origin countries registered (25% and 14% respectively). Afghanistan (13%), Morocco (10%) and Bangladesh (10%) were the remaining origin countries reported in the top five nationality groups registered. Pakistani nationals were also the most frequently reported in the same period of 201833 (28%), followed by nationals of Afghanistan (12%), Algeria 12% 12% (11%), the Islamic Republic of Iran (9%), the Syrian Arab Republic (8%) and others. 8% 8% 9% 9%11% 11% December 5 - The Administrative Court has decided that several documents pertaining to PakistanPakistan treatment of migrants and asylum seekers on the state border are public information, order- ing the Interior Ministry, or the police, to disclose them (source: Dnevnik). AfghanistanAfghanistan AlgeriaAlgeria December 15 – According to the Slovenian statistical office, there were 250,000 immigrants Islamic IslamicRepublic Republic of Iran of Iran in Slovenia at the start of 2018, or 12% of the country’s population. In the last ten years, 15,000 residents acquired Slovenian citizenship, of whom 70% citizens of countries of former Syrian ArabSyrian Republic Arab Republic Yugoslavia (source: STAT). OthersOthers December 17 - Sustainable development NGO Terra Vera has carried out a project promoting cooperation between immigrants, refugees and established Slovenian designers. The Migrant presence results of the year long Akupara initiative, a creative incubator of handicrafts, design, cooper- As of 31 December 2019, there were 320 atives and cultural production, were presented in Maribor (source: STA ; RTV SLO). migrants and asylum seekers accommodated December 20 - Police processed more than 15,200 irregular crossings of the border by the in different facilities around the country, end of November 2019, which represents some 70% increase compared to the same period similar to the 336 accommodated at the end in 2018. A total of 3,640 migrants have asked for international protection (policija.si; UOIM). of November 2019. The lowest reported December 20 - Members of the task force examining the impact of irregular migration in number in 2019 was 288 on 16 January, and municipalities bordering Croatia met with mayors of the area. Interior minister Poklukar the highest was 580 on 30 April. stated that the number of migrants on the Western Balkan route, which has increased by 71 percent in 2019, will continue to grow next year (source: RTV SLO, STA).

32 Nationality data is available for 12,690 of 14,300 total registered arrivals to Slovenia Jan–Dec 2019. 33 Nationality data is available for 7,362 of 8,477 total registered arrivals to Slovenia Jan–Dec 2018.

BACK TO CONTENTS 33 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

TURKEY Background and Latest Figures According to the latest available figures from the Turkish Directorate General Asylum Seekers & Refugees 7% of Migration Management (DGMM), there are currently over 3.9 million foreign nationals present in Turkish territory seeking international protection. Most are Residence Permit Holders 22% Syrians (3,576,370* individuals) who are granted temporary protection status. In addition, asylum-seekers and refugees from countries including Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq and Somalia constitute another significant group Syrians under TP 70% of foreign nationals. According to UNHCR, as of end of February 2019, there outside camps are 368,230** asylum-seekers and refugees present in Turkey. The number of foreign nationals has decreased by 45,996 in comparison to December 2018 Syrians in (3.9 million foreign nationals). Camps In addition, there are 1,101,030* foreign nationals present in Turkey holding 1% residency permits, including humanitarian residency holders. Compared to December 2018, this is an increase of 247,756 individuals. The exact number of humanitarian residency holders is unknown, but it is estimated that there are more than several thousand humanitarian residency permit holders.

*Data source DGMM, 31.12.2019 **Data source UNHCR, 28.02.20191

Syrians under Temporary Protection Turkey’s temporary protection regime grants the 3,576,370* Syrian nationals Monthly Population Chart of Persons Under Temporary Protection the right to legally stay in Turkey as well 4,000,000

as some level of access to basic services. 3,500,000 The vast majority - 3,512,927* individuals - lives outside of formal camps, known as 3,000,000 3,629,552 3,617,930 3,604,782 3,594,110 3,552,004 temporary accommodation centers, thus 3,512,927 2,500,000 primarily residing across the Turkish border provinces of Hatay, Adana and Kilis. As such, 2,000,000 only 63,443* Syrians live in formal camps, the majority of which are located close to 1,500,000

the Syrian border. Compared to December 1,000,000 2018 when 13 temporary accommodation centers were hosting migrants in Turkey, 500,000 87,280 63,584 63,443 62,673 62,653 61,781 only seven remain operational with six no 0 longer in service. As a result, 80,009 fewer July 2019 Aug 2019 Sep 2019 Oct 2019 Nov 2019 Dec 2019 Syrians currently reside in the centers. Urban Caseload Residents in Camps

*Data source DGMM, 31.12.2019

Asylum Seekers and Refugees Another significant group of foreign nationals in Turkey are the 368,230* asylum-seekers and Nationality Percentage# refugees consisting of different nationalities, but mainly originating in Afghanistan and Iraq. *Data Source UNHCR, 28.02.20191 Afghanistan 46% Residence Permit Holders Iraq 39% Foreigners who wish to stay in Turkey beyond the duration of a visa or visa exemption Islamic Republic -i.e. longer than 90 days, must obtain a residence permit. According to DGMM, there are 11% of Iran 1,101,030 residence permit holders in Turkey with various categories of the residence permit, including “other”. The latter category includes humanitarian residence permit holders, and Somalia 2% while the exact number is unknown, it is believed that the vast majority of foreign nationals Others 3% in this category are Iraqis.

1 UNHCR ended registeration process in Turkey on 10 September 2018. the registration process will continue with the procedure carried out by the Turkish authorities.

34 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Apprehended/Rescued Persons on Sea* The Turkish Coast Guard (TCG) recorded 3,768 irregular migrants and one fatality in December 2019. Comparing to December 2018, there is an increase of 1,188 apprehended individuals, when 2,580 irregular migrants were recorded. These figures only include those apprehended and rescued by the TCG, while the actual number of migrants and refugees departing Turkey by sea may be higher. Apprehensions at the so-called ‘hotspots’ on the Aegean Sea are shown in the map (left).

Map 12: Apprehensions off the Turkish coast, January–December 2019.

A P P R E H E N S I O N S O F F T H E T U R K I S H C O A S T R U S S I A N R O M A N I A F E D E R A T I O N 1 J a n u a r y - 3 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 B U L G A R I A N O R T H İSTANB UL İSTANB UL M A C E D O N I A Enez T EK I R DAG T U R K E Y ED I R N E 60,146 KOCAELI TOTA L SAK ARYA Gelibolu YALOVA I R A Q

L I B Y A A P P R E H E N D E D E G Y P T BOLU Gokceada ApprehendedNo BU R SA B I L EC I K C AN A K K A L E 6101 - 12,000 Ayvacik 1601 - 6,100 401 - 1,600 ES KI SE HI R B ALI K E SI R 21 - 400 Gomec KUTASHeYaA Route Ayvalik Dikili Land Route G R E E C E İZ MI R

MAN I SA Cesme Foca T U R K E Y US AK Karaburun AF YON Seferihisar Urla Menderes Kusadasi ISPARTA Selcuk DE N I ZL I Soke AYDIN

Didim BU R D U R Bodrum MU GL A

Datca Marmaris Ortaca Fethiye ANTALYA

0 30 60 120 Kilometers

This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source Data : IOM, National Authorities, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors

Apprehensions/Rescues by Turkish Coast Guard Statistics for 2019 (1 January - 31 December 2019) Time Number of cases Number of Number of deaths Number of period irregular migrants organizers Aegean All Seas Aegean All Seas Aegean All Seas Aegean All Seas January 27 27 1,092 1,092 1 1 1 1 February 36 36 1,428 1,428 - - 6 6 March 56 56 1,796 1,796 4 4 2 2 April 80 81 2,765 2,773 1 1 5 6 May 80 82 2,560 2,604 10 10 2 4 June 98 99 3,258 3,262 12 12 6 6 July 160 161 5,388 5,409 - - 8 8 August 249 250 8,422 8,430 - - 11 11 September 321 324 11,638 11,673 1 1 12 13 October 357 359 12,382 12,392 3 3 19 19 November 191 194 6,325 6,401 - - 5 5 December 107 109 3,765 3,768 1 1 - - Total 1,762 1,778 60,819 61,028 33 33 77 81

Upon identification of the apprehended persons, the latter are referred to removal centers by the Turkish Gendarmerie or are issued a deportation letter, unless they claim asylum. However, apprehended individuals have the right to claim asylum after being referred to a removal center or issued deportation letters. The top ten nationalities of apprehended/rescued migrants are Afghan, Palestinian, Syrian, Senegalese, Congolese, Iraqis, Central African, Somalian, South African, and kuwaiti. *Data source TCG, 31.12.2019

BACK TO CONTENTS 35 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Apprehended Persons on Land*

Apprehensions by Turkish Land Forces According to the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) daily figures, 14,611 irregular (1 - 31 December 2019) migrants were apprehended during December 2019 at Turkey’s borders with the Syrian Arab Republic, Greece, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Bulgaria. Entry Exit Irregular exits were higher at Turkey’s western borders (with Europe), and Syrian Arab borders with the Syrian Arab Republic and Greece are the main entry points 9,640 Greece 2,918 Republic into Turkey. In comparison, the total number of apprehended persons on land was higher in December 2018, when 16,744 persons were apprehended. Syrian Arab Greece 1,964 52 Meanwhile, the number of apprehended persons during attempted exit out Republic of Turkey were highest at the border with Greece. The entry and exit figures Islamic Republic 24 Bulgaria 9 breakdown are shown in the table (left). of Iran During December 2019, the highest number of irregular crossings at entry Bulgaria 4 - - and exit took place at the border with the Syrian Arab Republic, with a total Total 11,632 Total 2,979 number of 9,692 apprehended persons. In comparison to previous month there is an increase in the irregular border entries from Syrian Arab Republic to Turkey (2,377). In November 2019, 7,263 irregular entries of individuals were recorded at this border.

*Data Source TAF, 31.12.2019

Known Entry and Exit Points The following are known entry points by land: Hatay, Kilis, Şanlıurfa (from the Syrian Arab Republic), Silopi, Çukurca (from Iraq), Şemdinli, Yüksekova, Başkale, Ağrı, Doğubeyazıt (from Islamic Republic of Iran) Known entry points by air: İstanbul, İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen, Antalya, Esenboğa Ankara (from third countries) Known exit points by sea: Çeşme, Ayvalık, Didim, Bodrum, Küçükkuyu (Locations close to Lesbos, Samos, Chios, Symi, Kos and Rodos) Known exit points by land: Edirne (to Greece and Bulgaria), Kırklareli (to Bulgaria) Known exit points by air: İstanbul, İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen (to certain EU MS)

36 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

Readmitted Migrants and Refugees to Turkey On 18 March 2016, EU and Turkey agreed on the readmission of migrants arriving from Greece to Turkey after 20 March 2016. In this regard, according to DGMM reports, 1,996* migrants and refugees have been readmitted to Turkey from Greece between 4 April 2016 and 31 December 2019. Main points of return from Greece include Lesbos, Chios, Kos and Samos, The top nine nationalities are included India, Sierra Leone, Yemen, Congo, Burkina while the main readmission points to in the graph, while the “others” category Faso, Gambia, Comoros, Niger, Sudan, Turkey include Dikili, Çeşme, Bodrum and includes migrants from Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Jordan, Uzbekistan, Togolese Republic and Adana (point of entry is through airport). Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Zimbabwe. Nepal, Myanmar, Guinea, Palestinian Per nationality breakdown of readmitted Territories, Senegal, Ghana, Tunisia, Côte *Data source DGMM, 31.12.2019 migrants is shown in the graphic above. d’Ivoire, Haiti, Lebanon, Mali, Dominica,

Resettlement of Syrians From Turkey The 18 March 2016 EU-Turkey statement aims to replace disorganized and irregular migratory flows by facilitating organized and safe pathways to European countries. Specifically, the statement stipulates that for every Syrian returned to Turkey from the Greek islands, another Syrian will be resettled directly to Europe from Turkey. According to DGMM data released on 31 December 2019, there are 25,161* persons that have been resettled under this instrument, with primary resettlement destinations being Germany, France, the Netherlands and Finland.

*Data Source DGMM, 31.12.2019

Resettlements by Country

mpmturkey@iom .int

Disclaimer: This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are not warranted* .to be free of error nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by IOM

BACK TO CONTENTS 37 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

KOSOVO34

In Kosovo34, there were 226 new registered migrants in December 2019, half of the 460 registered in November which was more than any previous month since DTM activities began in the area in December 2015. Between January and December 2019, there has been a total of 2,038 newly registered arrivals, with a monthly average of 170 whereas in 2018 this average was 40 and in 2017 this was just 13. This year (January–December 2019) the most frequently registered country or area/place of origin was the Syrian Arab Republic (45%) followed by Iraq (28%), Morocco (8%), Algeria (5%), the Palestinian Territories (4%) and others (10%). In 2018, the most frequently registered was also the Syrian Arab Republic (40%), followed by Turkey (13%), the Palestinian Territories (13%), Algeria (7%), Morocco (6%) and others (21%). Figure 60: Irregular entries into Kosovo34 registered by month, 2017–2019.

500 460 450

400 368 350 300 233 250 226

200 188 156 125

150 120 110 96 90 84 86

100 67 50 34 31 31 27 23 21 21 20 18 15 17 16 50 15 9 8 5 3 4 3 0 2 0 MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY DECEMBER SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER 2017 2018 2019

Figure 61: Countries or areas/places of origin Figure 62: Countries or areas/places of origin of irregular entrants between January and of irregular entrants between January and December 2019. December 2018. 10% 10% 4% 21% 4% 5% 5% 8% 8% 45% 6% 45% 40% 7%

28% 28% 13% 13% Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic Iraq Iraq Turkey Morocco Morocco Palestinian Territories Algeria Algeria Algeria Palestinian Territories Palestinian Territories Morocco Others Others Others

34 References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

38 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN - OTHER COUNTRIES LIBYA

Developments during the reporting Figure 63: Rescue operations by the Libyan Coast Guard between January and December period 2017–2019. Between January and December 2019, 107 incidents were reported by the Libyan Coast

14.000 12.841

Guard in which a total of 9225 migrants were 12.005 12.000 returned to Libya; 223 migrants are estimated to have died or gone missing during the same 10.000 9.225 reporting period. 8.000 Available data for 2019 indicate a 23 per 6.000 cent decrease in the number of reported 4.000 operations this year compared to the same 2.000 1.288 456 223 period in 2018, when 140 operations were 109 117 107 0 reported and a 26 per cent decrease when 2017 2018 2019 compared to 145 operations reported at Operations Returned to Libya Dead and Missing the end of December 2017. The number of returned migrants between January and have died in front of Libyan shores between 3.8 per cent to 2.4 per cent. December 2019 (9,225) is 40 per cent less January and December 2018 (62% less), and than the 15,438 returned in the same period A more complete estimation of the relative 86 per cent less than the 1,601 reported last year, and 51 per cent less than the 18,900 risk of those departing from Libya to reach to have gone missing in the same period of returned to Libya between January and Europe in terms of dead and missing migrants 2017. The proportion of those reported to December 2017. should also take into consideration the have died in the first nine months of 2019 reported arrivals in Italy and Malta and the The estimated number of dead and missing calculated as a share of those returned over dead and missing migrants reported along the migrants between January and December the same period has also slightly decreased in whole Central Mediterranean route. 2019 (223) is lower than the 588 estimated to comparison to the same period last year, from

Map 13: Incidents off the Libyan coast and number of returned migrants, January–December 2019.

I N C I D E N T S O F F T H E L I B Y A N C O A S T 1 J a n u a r y - 3 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9

L I B Y A

A L G E R I A

N I G E R C H A D S U D A N 9,225 TOTA L R E T U R N E D Zuwara Abusitta 2,514 313 Al Hamidiyah Sabrtha Mesfat 257 Tadjourah Qarapoli 24 875 181 Tripoli TRIPOLI 71 Alkhums 1,375 3,429

ZWARA

ALJFARA Misrata AZZ AWYA 160 ALMARGEB L I B Y A

1501 - 3500 351 - 1500 MISRATA 76 - 350 24 - 75 AL JABAL AL GHARBI Sea Route

Land Route 0 10 20 40 Kilometers

BACK TO CONTENTS 39 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019

NIGER

During December 2019, a total of 52,092 individuals were observed transiting through the seven active Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) in Niger, 35 an average of 1,680 individuals per day and of which 69 per cent were adult males, 20 per cent were adult females, and 11 per cent were children. This daily average is slightly less than the daily average of November 2019 (1,707 per day and a total of 51,198). The main reasons cited for movement in December 2019 have been economic migration, seasonal migration, and short-term local movement (in descending order). POPULATION FLOW MONITORING Dashboard # 30 There were 15,252individuals recorded leaving Niger whilst 10,292were recorded entering. Most Period: 1 — 31 December 2019 of these movements were observed in ArlitNIGER (35%) and Dan Barto (20%), mostly internal. Some DECEMBER 2019 SUMMARY ingoing and outgoing movementsPRIMARY MEANS were OFalso TRANSPORT recorded at IN Seguedine/Madama DECEMBER 2019 (11%) and Dan Issa 7 Active FMPs in the Niger 10,292 Individuals entering Niger (15%) whilst movements registered at Magaria (12%) and Tahoua (6%) were also mostly internal. 56% 10 Information focal points 15,252 Individuals leaving Niger PRIVATE 40% 2% 1% VEHICLE BUS TRUCKS OTHER Figure 64: Flows observed in Niger, December 2019. POPULATION FLOW MONITORING Dashboard # 30 26,548 Individuals observed FLOWS OBSERVED IN DECEMBER 2019 moving internally Period: 1 — 31 December 2019 40% NIGER 52, 092 Number of individuals Incoming internal Outgoing IOM works with national and local authorities and local partners to identify and DEMOGRAPHICS TRAVELLERS’ PROFILE observed at the FMP INTRODUCTION: 30% 9% understand migration movements in West and Central Africa. Flow monitoring is an activity that (obtained through direct observation and interviews with (obtained through direct observation and interviews with migrants, migrants, drivers, irregular migration facilitators, border police drivers, irregular migration facilitators, border police and bus station Al l data included in this report is based 20% quantifies and qualifies flows, migrant profiles, trends and migration routes at a given point of entry, transit or and bus station managers) managers) on estimates. I OM makes no guarantees exit. The data collected provides an overview of migration in the region. Since February 2016, IOM as to the timeliness, suitability, accuracy, 22% TYPES OF MOVEMENTS OBSERVED reliability, quality or completeness of the 10% 20% 3% 7% AVERAGE/ Niger9%has been monitoring migration flows at six points across Niger. Given the immensity of the - 2 % data contained in this report. 5% 1% DAY 4% region of Agadez, a new4% Flow Monitoring8% Point (FMP) in Madama, on the Libyan border was 1, 680 39% 35% 4% 3% 1% 0% FLOWS OBSERVED IN DECEMBER 2019 to capture the outflows due to the proliferation of bypass roads. This new FMP 26% Arlit Dan Barto Magaria activatedSeguedine/Madamain January Tahoua2019 Dan Issa INDIVIDUALS RECORDED complements the Séguédine FMP which currently only captures incoming flows. The data collected provides P HIC S

an overview of migratory movements in the region. A Figure 65: Profile of migrants interviewed in Niger, December 2019. Map 14: DTM Flow Monitoring presence in Niger. R G

Incoming Internal Outgoing NIGER POPULATION FLOW MONITORING POINTS O Adults Minors 1,400 In addition to the three FMPs (Dan Barto, Economic migration Seasonal Short term local 1,200 Magaria and Tahoua) activated in August EM Female 20% 5%

D (+6 months) movement 1,000 800 2018, a new FMP was also set up in Niger Male 69% 6% (-6 months) 600 (Dan Issa) in September 2018. The 400 PROVENANCE OF THE MOVEMENTS OBSERVED 200 aim was to better understand migration - routes along the southern part of Niger, 6% CHILDREN UNDER 5 Niger and to complement the existing FMPs in YEARS OLD + 1 pp S Nigeria E Arlit and Séguédine. The FMP in Tahoua I T

I Libya L was set up to understand internal I ELDERLY PERSONS B 2% During the reporting period some peaks were observed in the outgoing and interval flows which is mainly due to movements of migrants on market day. However the incoming flows remain more or less stable Algeria movement flows as it is situated in central A - during December. R E Niger. The Tahoua region borders the PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Tillabery region in the east, Nigeria in the LN <1% OR MENTAL DISABILITIES THIS PROJECT IS FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION FOR FOR MIGRATION MIGRATION [email protected] [email protected] www.globaldtm.info/niger- www.globaldtm.info Short term local movement (-6 months) THIS PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED VU - UNION AND THE DEPARTMENTUK DEPARTMENT FOR FOR Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: BY IOM south and the Agadez region in the north. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT “Source:“Source:“Source:International International InternationalOrganization Organization Organizationfor forMigration for Migration Migration(IOM), (IOM), (IOM),(month, [December [May,year), 2019], 2019],Displacement Displacement DisplacementTracking Tracking TrackingMatrix Matrix Matrix(DTM)”. (DTM)”. (DTM)”. 2 Seasonal https://migration.iom.int The Madama FMP is located at the border Economic migration (+6 months) between Libya and Niger. 4% PREGNANT WOMEN - The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are INTENDED DESTINATION OF THE MOVEMENTS OBSERVED not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or pp: percentage point acceptance of such boundaries by the IOM. Niger Country of provenance % Variation Libya N O

METHODOLOGY: Flow monitoring is an investigative tool that aims to highlight further understanding of I Niger 81 - T Algeria internal, cross-border and intraregional migration. Areas of high mobility are identified across the country. A Nigeria 11 + 3 pp N I

DTM teams then conduct assessments at the local level to identify strategic transit points. Enumerators T Nigeria

S Algeria 4 - 1 pp

collect data using key informants at the Flow Monitoring Points; they may be staff at bus stations, police or E customs officials, bus or truck drivers, or migrants themselves. A basic questionnaire mixed with direct D Libya 3 - 2 pp 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% observations makes it possible to collect disaggregated data on gender and nationality. In Niger, the Flow Other 1 - Monitoring Points were chosen after consultation with national and local stakeholders involved in migration NATIONALITIES OBSERVED management, and according to the locations and characteristics of the flows transiting through the Sahara Country of destination % Variation 35 All data and figures on Niger are extracted from the IOM Niger ‘Population Flow Monitoring’ reports available here. INTENDED Niger 78% Desert. The data collection is done at times when the flows are the most frequent.

ND Niger 72 + 2 pp

A Nigeria 14% 40

LIMITATIONS: The data used in this analysis, including the maps, is an estimate and only represents a part IN Libya 9 - 2 pp Chad 2% of the existing flows on the migration routes passing through the country. The spatial and temporal coverage IG

of these surveys is limited, although the collection is done daily and during periods when flows are high, it OR Algeria 9 + 1 pp Burkina 1% still represents only a portion of the total daily flows. No information is collected on existing flows outside Nigeria 9 - Cameroon the times covered. Finally, data on vulnerabilities is based on direct observations by the enumerators and 1% Other 1 - should be understood as an estimate. Other 4% Variations computed based on data from the previous month

THIS PROJECT IS FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION [email protected] www.globaldtm.info/niger THIS PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED UNION AND THE UK DEPARTMENT FOR Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: BY IOM INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT “Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM), [December 2019], Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”. 1 https://migration.iom.int ABOUT THIS REPORTMIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information May 2019 IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a suite of tools and methodologies designed to track and analyze human mobility in different ABOUTdisplacement contexts in a continuous manner. To gather and disseminate information about the migrant populations moving through the Mediterranean, up the Western Balkan Route and through the Northern Route into Europe, in September 2015 DTM established a Flow DisplacementMonitoring TrackingSystem. The Matrix Flow (DTM)Monitoring System includes a monthly flows compilation reports, quarterly regional overview and dataset, which provide an overview of migration flows in countries of first arrival and other countries along the route in Europe, and an analysis IOM’sof Displacementtrends across Trackingthe region. Matrix The (DTM)data on is registereda suite of arrivalstools andis collated methodologies by IOM designedthrough consultationsto track and withanalyse ministries human ofmobility interior, in coastdifferent displacementguards, police contexts forces in anda continuous other relevant manner, national to provide authorities. critical Data information on arrivals to isdecision-makers displayed and regularly and responders updated during(twice crises,a week) and on contribute the Flow to betterMonitoring understanding Europe of Geoportal population. flows. Firstly conceptualized in 2004 to monitor internal displacement in Iraq, it has since been adapted for implementation in over 60 countries, including in contexts of conflict, natural disaster, complex emergencies and protracted crises. More information about the Methodological Framework in DTM operations can be found on the global displacement.iom.int.

Mixed Migration Flows in the Mediterranean Arrivals to Europe – Q1 2019 Dataset DTMFlow Europe Monitoring Surveys – April 2019 In 2015,The DTM DTM established system alsoa Flow includes Monitoring flow System to gather and disseminate information about the migrant populations moving through the Mediterranean,monitoring up surveys the Western to capture Balkan additional Route and through the Northern Route into Europe. This includes monthly flows compilation reports, quarterlyand more regional in-depth overviews data onand the datasets people on on migration flows in countries of first arrival and other countries along the route in Europe. All data is collatedthe move,by IOM including through age, consultations sex, areas of with origin, ministries of interior, coast guards, police forces and other relevant national authorities, and it is displayed and regularlylevels of updatededucation, on key the transitIOM’s Flowpoints Monitoring on Europe Geoportal. their route, motives and intentions. The The questionnaireDTM system also hasincludes a module flow with monitoring a set surveys to capture additional and more in-depth data on the people on the move, including age, sex, ofareas questions of origin, on levelsvulnerabilities, of education, exploitative key transit points on their route, motives and intentions. The questionnaire also has a module with a set of questionspractices on andhuman abuse, trafficking, including exploitative two practices and abuse, including two indicators on sexual and physical violence. The analyses of data collectedindicators since on2015 sexual is also and available physical on violence. the Flow Monitoring Europe Geoportal. This data has been captured by IOM field staff in Greece, the Republic of North MixedMacedonia, Migration Flows Serbia, in the Hungary, Mediterranean Croatia, Europe – Mixed Migration Flows to Europe – Europe — Refugee and Migrant Children in – NovemberItaly, Montenegro, 2019 Kosovo (UNSCR Quarterly Overview (July – September 2019) Europe - Overview of Trends (January — 1244), Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 2019) Romania, Spain, Bulgaria and Slovenia in different periods since October 2015. The analysis of data collected between 2015 and 2018 is available on the IOM portal Turkey – Migrant Presence Monitoring – for Mediterranean. Situation Report (May 2019)

About Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Displacement Tracking matrix is a system to track and monitor displacement and population mobility, provide critical information to decision-makers and responders during crises, and contribute to better understanding of population flows. DTM was first conceptualized in 2004 to monitor internal displacement in Iraq and has since been adapted for implementation in over 70 countries, including in contexts of conflict, natural disaster, complex emergencies and protracted crises. More information about DTM and Methodological Framework used in DTM operations can be found on the global displacement.iom.int.

InformationInformation contained contained in inthis this document document has has been Data collection activities in Turkey Data collection activities receivedreceived from from a varietya variety of of sources sources including:including: national supported by: supported by: authorities,authorities, national national and and international international organizations organizations as wellas as well media as reports.media reports. Specific Specific sources sources are not arenamed not in thenamed report. in the The report. information The information collected collected has been has triangulatedbeen triangulated through various through sources various in sources efforts into effortsensure accuracyto ensure of the accuracycontent, and of where the content, information and has where not beeninformation confirmed, has this not has been been confirmed, noted in the this report. has been noted in the report.

The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are notBACK warranted TO CONTENTS to be error49 free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by the IOM.