MIXEDMIXED MIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION IN THE MEDITERRANEANFLOWS IN THE CompilationMEDITERRANEAN of Available Data and Information DecemberCompilation 2019 of Available Data and Information June 2019 migration.iom.int displacement.iom.int [email protected] IOM Italy 2018 - Informative session upon disembarkation, Sicily MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 Contents Highlights ...................................................4 Overview of Arrivals & Registered Irregular Apprehensions. .6 Overview Maps ..............................................7 EU – Turkey Statement and the Eastern Mediterranean Route .....11 Countries of First Arrival . 12 Spain ....................................................12 Italy .....................................................14 Malta ....................................................17 Greece ..................................................18 Cyprus ..................................................20 Bulgaria ..................................................21 Western Balkans and Other Transit Countries/Areas . 22 Albania ..................................................23 Bosnia and Herzegovina ....................................24 Croatia ..................................................26 Montenegro ..............................................28 North Macedonia .........................................29 Romania .................................................30 Serbia ...................................................31 Slovenia. 33 Turkey ...................................................34 Kosovo* .................................................38 Central Mediterranean - Other Countries . 39 Libya ....................................................39 Niger ....................................................40 About .....................................................41 Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) ........................41 DTM Europe .............................................41 * References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). Photo/ cover page: The Italian Coast Guard rescues migrants bound for Italy. © Francesco Malavolta/IOM 2014 Syrian refugees crossing the Serbian-Croatian border.: Francesco Malavolta/IOM 2015 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 HIGHLIGHTS A total of 128,536 migrants and refugees arrived in Europe through A total of 32,513 migrants and refugees were registered entering Spain different land and sea routes between January and December 2019, in 2019, which is half of the 65,325 registered in the period of 2018 13 per cent less than the same period of 2018 when 147,673 sea and and 13 per cent more than the 28,707 registered in the same period land arrivals were reported, 32 per cent less than the 188,372 arrivals of 2017. Among the total arrivals to Spain in 2019, 80 per cent arrived registered in this period of 2017 and 67 per cent less than the 390,456 by sea and the remaining 20 per cent arrived by land to the Spanish registered during this period in 2016. autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the north coast of Africa. According to the information reported by the Spanish Ministry of There were 81,147 registered arrivals via the Eastern Mediterranean Interior, the main nationalities among arrivals by sea between January route (63% of the total) in Cyprus, Bulgaria and Greece in and November 2019 are Morocco (30%), Algeria (15%),Mali (9%) and 2019. Another 32,513 arrivals were registered via the Western others (46%) (read more here).1 Mediterranean route (25%) leading to Spain in the same period, and 14,876 were registered crossing the Central Mediterranean route Italian authorities reported the arrivals of 11,471 migrants and (12%), arriving by sea to Italy and Malta. This shows that the Eastern refugees between January and December 2019. Arrivals In this period Mediterranean route continues to surpass both the Western and have decreased by 51 per cent compared to the 23,370 registered in Central Mediterranean routes as the main route taken by migrants and 2018 and are just 10 per cent of the 119,639 registered arrivals to Italy refugees travelling to Europe by sea and land, as it has done each month in the same period of 2017. The most frequently registered country since February 2019. In the same period of 2018, the Western route of origin for those arriving at Italy in 2019 has been Tunisia (23%), was recorded as the most active with 65,325 arrivals (44% of the total). followed by Pakistan (10%), Côte d’Ivoire (10%), and other African and On the Eastern route there were 57,543 registered arrivals (39%) and Southern Asian countries (see more here). In addition, there were 3,405 the on Central route there were 24,815 registered arrivals (17%). registered arrivals in Malta between January and December 2019, over twice the 1,445 registered in 2018. According to available data from Between January and December 2019, Hellenic Authorities reported national authorities, Sudan is the most frequently reported nationality 71,386 new arrivals, which makes Greece the top arrival country in at arrival between January and December 2019 (39%), followed by Europe so far in 2019. Arrivals this year in Greece are 42 per cent higher Eritrea2 (7%) and Nigeria (6%) (see more here). than the 50,215 registered in 2018, and over two times the 35,052 reported in 2017. Of all registered arrivals of migrants and refugees In addition to first-arrival countries, authorities in Bosnia and into Greece between January and December 2019, 62,445 arrived by Herzegovina, Albania and Montenegro in the Western Balkans region sea and the remaining 8,941 were by land. According to available data, have observed a significant increase, registering a total of 40,958 new the most frequently registered nationality of arrivals by sea between apprehensions in all three countries in 2019. This is 28 per cent more January and December 2019 was Afghanistan (44%) followed by the than the 32,111 reported in 2018 and significantly more than the 2,314 Syrian Arab Republic (25%), Iraq (5%) and others (read more here). registered in the same period of 2017. Figure 1: Arrivals to Europe by month via the Western, Central and Eastern Mediterranean routes, 2018-2019. 1 Excluding nationality data for arrivals to Spain in December 2019 which is not yet available. 2 The information on nationality breakdown provided in this report is based on the nationality declared by migrants as reported by the Maltese authorities. 4 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 The Italian Coast Guard rescues migrants bound for Italy. Francesco Malavolta/ IOM 2014 BACK TO CONTENTS 5 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 OVERVIEW OF ARRIVALS & REGISTERED IRREGULAR APPREHENSIONS Figure 2: Arrivals in Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Malta and Bulgaria, 2016–2019. 200,000 181,436 180,000 176,906 160,000 140,000 119,369 120,000 100,000 80,000 65,325 60,000 50,215 40,000 35,052 28,707 23,370 17,187 20,000 14,558 2,562 2,533 1,445 24 20 0 ITALY GREECE SPAIN BULGARIA MALTA 2016 2017 2018 *Data for Cyprus have been adjusted from previous reports/periods with newly available government data. Figure 3: Registered irregular apprehensions in the Western Balkans and other transit countries/areas, 2017–2019. 200,000 181,436 180,000 176,906 160,000 140,000 119,369 120,000 100,000 80,000 71,386 65,325 60,000 50,215 40,000 35,052 32,513 28,707 23,370 17,187 20,000 14,558 11,471 7,821 4,795 3,405 2,662 2,562 2,533 1,940 1,445 345 24 20 0 GREECE SPAIN ITALY CYPRUS* MALTA BULGARIA 2016 2017 2018 2019 * References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). 6 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 BACK TO CONTENTS BACK TO Map 1: Arrivals in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain between January and December 2019. A R R I V A L S T O E U R O P E 1 J a n u a r y - 3 1 D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 128,536 TOTA L 103,901By Sea 24,635 By Land ! B E L G I U M Arrival Point P O L A N D ! ! Departure Point C Z E C H G E R M A N Y U K R A I N E Sea Route R E P U B L I C Land Route S L O V A K I A A U S T R I A H U N G A R Y F R A N C E S W I T Z E R L A N D R O M A N I A MAPS OVERVIEW VE NE TO ITALY C R O A T I A BULGARIA 11,471 1,940 By Sea ! S E R B I A By Land GREECE GA L I C I A 71,386 C A S T I LL A 2 Y L E ÓN ! 62,445 By Sea A R AGÓ N 8,941 By Land !! !! SPAIN ! !!! ! 1! !! !!!!! 32,513 ! ! ! ! !!!!!! ! ! !! 26,168 By Sea !!!! ! !!!! !!!!! ! T U R K E Y !!! !! ! !! ! ! 6,345 By Land !!! ! !! ! !! !! ! !!! !! !! !! !!! A N DA LU C Í A !!!! SI C I L I A ! ! ! !! ! !! !! !!! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!!! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! !!! ! !!!!! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! MALTA ! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ! 3,405 !!!! ! CYPRUS A L G E R I A By Sea ! 7,821 ! 412 By Sea T U N I S I A !!! M O R O C C O !! !! 7,409 By Land L I B Y A E G Y P T 0 150 300 600 This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source Data : IOM, National Authorities Kilometers 7 MIXED MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Compilation of Available Data and Information December 2019 8 Map 2: Main countries of origin reported at arrival in Greece, Italy and