Institut D'etudes Politiques De Paris

Institut d'études politiques de Paris ECOLE DOCTORALE DE SCIENCES PO Programme doctoral de sociologie Centre d’études européennes de Sciences Po Doctorat en sociologie Joint agreement with Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca The regulation of urban logistics platforms The urban governance of food wholesale markets in France and Italy : the case of Paris (Semmaris) and Milan (Sogemi) Alessandro MAGGIONI Thesis supervised by Patrick LE GALÈS, Directeur de recherche au CNRS and Alberta ANDREOTTI, Professore associato Defended on 26th March 2019 Jury: Mrs Alberta ANDREOTTI, Professore associato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca (supervisor) Mr Antoine FRÉMONT, Directeur scientifique adjoint, HDR, Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l'aménagement et des réseaux (reviewer) Mr Patrick LE GALÈS, Directeur de recherche au CNRS, CEE, Sciences Po Paris (supervisor) Mr Enzo MINGIONE, Professore emerito, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Mr Paolo PERULLI, Professore ordinario, Università del Piemonte Orientale (reviewer) Mr Tommaso VITALE, Associate professor, CEE, Sciences Po Paris Alessandro Maggioni - «The regulation of urban logistics platforms» - Thesis IEP de Paris – 2019 2 Acknowledgements The time for acknowledgements is both full of joy and uncertainty. Joy is linked to the approaching end of a chapter in my life that already heralds the beginning of a new one. Uncertainty is not so much linked to identifying the people who have contributed more than others to this work. Rather, it is difficult to identify the exact moment in time from which to start to recognize the role that many people have played in making this moment possible. If I am here now writing these lines of gratitude it is only for the outcome of a long series, begun well before this educational and professional stage, of encounters and confrontations with people who have inspired me, I admired, have changed me. In some cases they are part of the passers-by that everyone has in his or her life, in others they are still irreplaceable travel companions. I will resolve this dilemma, which is relevant to me, by limiting my thanks to the people who have accompanied me in recent years. This research would not have been possible without the availability and the time generously made available by the people who agreed to share with me during fieldwork their knowledge and their professional or political experience. While I appreciate unconditionally every single contribution made by every single person, it is a pleasure for me to remember some of them. Emilio Ficarra of the Milan Chamber of Commerce was of an unexpected willingness to provide me with historical data on the evolution of food trade in Milan. Basilio Rizzo welcomed me in his office with naturalness allowing me to access his personal archive full of documents that have proved to be very important for the research work. Eugenio Casucci accompanied with a strong sympathy important clarifications on the history of the general markets of Milan. In the case of Paris, I would like to thank Vincent Isnard warmly for the passion with which he answered my questions and for the time he dedicated to me. Alberta Andreotti was fundamental in giving me the right motivation and support in the most challenging moments of research and writing. Without her pedagogical ability and sensitivity perhaps I would not have reached the end. Patrick Le Galès has been a precious source of intellectual stimuli and has been able to encourage me to overcome moments of impasse. No less important is his pedagogical and emotional intelligence in accompanying me in these years. Thank you to the members of the thesis committee for agreeing to read and discuss with me the thesis. I would never have pursued the choice of starting my PhD without the encounter with the intellectual vivacity, passion, and sympathy of Tommaso Vitale. I owe him a lot for the results achieved in my professional and academic training. More than he probably imagines. The years spent in Paris have not been easy for many reasons but some people have helped to make them more pleasant and simple. Linda Amrani has always been kind, smiling and patient, an important help. Katia Rio, it was the good morning, the smile and the almost daily goodbye. It seems little, but it is not. I thank Charlotte Halpern for the opportunity to work together, for her support, for her precious advices. Alessandro Maggioni - «The regulation of urban logistics platforms» - Thesis IEP de Paris – 2019 3 The PhD students of the CEE have given warmth to the long days spent in the buildings of Sciences Po and for this I would like to remember in particular Mirjam, Christine, Gabriela, Vlad, Francesca, Thomas, Clément, Marine. The evenings, the conversations, the work, the time together were precious. Linus, thank you. I really found a friend. Doing my doctorate for me meant leaving my hometown of Milan for a long time. Melancholy and nostalgia are feelings that have often accompanied me. So thanks to the friends of a lifetime who have been able to welcome and embrace me so intimately every time I return. I cannot but thank Bianca, Vincent, and Susy for this. Marco, a hug. None of this, literally, would have been possible without my parents. I thank them with sincere emotion. They have never stopped supporting whatever choices I have made in life, including the adventure of a doctorate. They never stopped supporting me to make my dreams possible, even though they were a long way from their priorities. I owe them everything I have. The deepest and most loving thanks go to Alinka. She has made these years a value that I will always carry with me. She gave an unexpected sense to the choice of living in Paris for a while, she opened doors inside me that I didn't even think I had. It is undoubtedly the most beautiful gift that life has given me so far. Alessandro Maggioni - «The regulation of urban logistics platforms» - Thesis IEP de Paris – 2019 4 Table of content GENERAL INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 11 1.Cities as key hub nodes in freight flows: the role of logistics ....................... 11 2. Infrastructures are key ................................................................................... 14 2.1 What is logistics? ..................................................................................... 15 2.2 Logistics and supply chain management ................................................. 17 2.3 The infrastructural dimension of logistics ............................................... 20 3.The link between logistics and urban governance ......................................... 22 4.How do infrastructures and logistics emerge through urban governance? .... 26 5.The wholesale infrastructure in Europe ......................................................... 29 5.1 Political dimensions of infrastructures .................................................... 30 5.2 Infrastructural policies shaped by time, place and actors. ....................... 32 5.3 Structural change for the food retail sector ............................................. 34 5.4 Explaining retail reorganization: confronting regulative and sociological approaches ..................................................................................................... 36 6.A new role for the State towards the market .................................................. 44 6.1 Neo-Marxist Vs Neo-institutionalism ..................................................... 46 6.2An institutionalist approach to urban political economy .......................... 55 7. Research questions and research objectives .................................................. 64 7.1 Research hypotheses ................................................................................ 66 7.2 Methodology: Comparative versus within-case analysis ........................ 67 7.3 A paired comparison between the wholesale market of Paris (MIN Rungis) and Milan (Mercati Generali di Milano). ........................................ 69 7.4 Methods and research instruments .......................................................... 81 8. Thesis outline ................................................................................................ 85 Section 1: The genesis of food wholesale market policies in France and Italy ..................................................................................87 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................88 Local implementation of a national infrastructural policy: the foundation and first developments of MIN Paris-Rungis’ policy. ........ 88 1.1 The national institutional settings: a gear for policy framework formulation and for resource allocation shift among interest groups. .................................. 90 1.2 The role of political institutions in shaping infrastructure and industrial policy paradigm. ................................................................................................ 93 1.3 The premises of the MIN Rungis policy ..................................................... 98 Alessandro Maggioni - «The regulation of urban logistics platforms» - Thesis IEP de Paris – 2019 5 1.4 The persisting problems in Les Halles operation as the main source for the national MINs policy cognitive framework .................................................... 104 1.5 The state perspective and normative framework .....................................

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