DOCSLIB.ORG

Naval Stores Review and Journal of Trade

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Naval Stores Review and Journal of Trade NAVAL STORES REVIEW AND JOURNAL OF TRADE A Weekly Paper for Naval Stores Producers, Factors, Exporters, Dealers, and Manufacturers of Soaps, Varnishes, Paper, Printing Inks, Etc. VOL. XXIV, No. 23. SAVANNAH, GA., Saturday, September 5, 1914. Price, $5.00 Per Annum W. D. KRENSON. H. D. WEED : J. A. Gd. CARSON, President. J. D. WEED & CO.. H.L.KAYTON, 1st Vice-President. J. A. G. CARSON, Jr., 2nd Vice=President W. L. McDOWELL, 3d Vice-President H. F. E. SCHUSTER, Secretary Savannah, Georgia. W. A. CHRISTIAN, Treasurer. Wholesale Hardware Cason Naval Stores Railroad Spikes. Bar Band and Hoop Iron, ...Factors and Wholesale Grocers... Turpentine Tools, Ete. ORGANIZED IN 1879. OLDEST HOUSE IN THE BUSINESS. Principal Office, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, National Bank Building. OHHH MA Branch Office, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, OHO a Atlantic National Bank Building. NIV £1) OHHH 1 With an organization unsurpassed and ample means at our 0) 301340 command, our facilities for handling your business are HHH TTVAVN ALS second to none. SONINNAC ‘dL .... WE INVITE YOUR CORRESPONDENCE.... HH “ J pure ‘V100VSNId CHE terrier trstropesbotentestesbstrrteofesetente frosted |B INEST OH UOIISBISIIBS ‘V1 ‘XQ TYAUN 1U6PISOIJ-00TA CHESNUTT & O'NEILL, 0) ITVSITOHM SSIPUBYDIII Ino HH NAVAL STORES FACTORS, A HoNvao HOH S3HOLS -00T HH SUPPLIES. daddies Suosjed 20140 HO UI ‘NOXIAT'V'H SIH0LS JUOPISOIJ sjuawilsedsap Ship your naval stores to mus at MIN OHH Savannah, the Leading Market of the Yjoq World, and thus aid in keeping up HHH SHIOOYUD ‘DM Competition and maintaining High HH [BARN deeds Prices. ‘SNVITHO £3,008 HHO PUB V1 HOH ‘HEHLVE $31031S * Send Us Your Orders at Savannah, Georgia. CH SHOLOVd ANVAINOD SBA, CH deeded A dedededfe Sereerrdeteoterirsfrofeofeofroesfeofeotest hedfscfedfruidfe dois dedfeddfedddddds dee R (0 7 SAVANNAH WEEKLY NAVAL STORES REVIEW AND JOURNAL OF TRADE ROE RRR EE ROR EERE ERE RISER RRR FERRER S38 238 3BIABOEHEBIITBEAIBIR LBA RS & © 1 WILLIAM GARRARD, President H. JENSEN, Vice-President and General Manager Lhd Naval Stores Co. EXPORTERS OF AND DEALERS IN’ re oh a el "ROSIN AND TURPENTINE oD ae re =H eet) Prices cheerfully made delivered at any point in the United States or Canada, or c.i.f. any port in the world Head Office: SAVANNAH, GA. Branches: PENSAGOLA, FLA, NEW ORLEANS, LA, Western Sales Ofiice: 180 North Dearborn St, CHICAGO, ILL. Codes: Al, A BC, 4th and 5th Editions; Western Union--Universal Edition; Hamilton’s Code Condenser; Private Codes. Cable Address: “Lonsavan’ Savannah 333 EE EEE RE EE EE RE BR EER RIERA ERA R83 BE O. TT. MCINTOSH, President D. T. FURSE, Vice-President —— DIRECTORS — : HOWARD ASHBURN, Moultrie, Ga. N. EMANUEL, Brunswick, Ga. W. R. Bowen, Fitzgerald, Ga. D. T. Fursg, Savannah, Ga. J. J. DorMINY, Broxton, Ga. R. G KIRKLAND, Nichols, Ga. O. T. McINTOSH, Savannah, Ga. SOUTHERN STATES NAVAL STORES 0. SAVANNAH, GEORGIA { FACTORS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS EY DEALERS IN GENERAL SUPPLIES EIEN IRN Wesell Rosin and Turpentine and make quick returns of all consignments HEX We pay drafts of responsible parties against bill lading: EEE When shippers desire to hold Rosin or Turpentine we will hold it for EKX them and make liberal advances against it XXX ACCOUNTS SOLICITED CORRESPOND WITH US EEE SAVANNAH WEEKLY NAVAL STORES REVIEW AND JOURNAL OF TRADE 3 MAY SELL ALL NAVAL STORES spirits as accumulated, even at some trade and who are the best acquainted sacrifice of values. Some of them have with its ins and outs here and in foreign THROUGH A COMMITTEE also contracts for their rosins with lands. NS western soap manufacturers, or users N in other lines. This complicates the Two more cargoes are en route for Seek To Bring Gulf and Atlantic situation a little but it is believed these London. Their arrival will give that Sections Together matters can all be properly arranged so ERLE market 3,300 more casks of spirits of as to include every independent produ- turpentine. These are the Iris from cer in the proposed selling arrangement Step Regarded As Necessary For Savannah, with 1,575 casks and the and speedily cut off demoralization Unganda from Pensacola with 1,780. EERE Further Protection of The Industry from any source. The industry must Under Conditions Existing—Fur= In addition there is afloat to that port be protected from ruin. That is the 3,360 casks on the Brika which cleared ther Developments of The animating motive of those now at work. Present Week on the 18th of August. The Brika also There is no doubt that theindependent carries 1,600 casks for Hull. Further et 8 mers, rr producers will appreciate this. shipments to ports in the United King- HEE Office of dom are looked for during the current WEEKLY NAVAL STORES REVIEW, Speaking of conditions in the Gulf month. That is about the only section of Europe, though, to which shipments EEE Savannah, Ga., Sept. 5, 1914 territory, the New Orleans Lumber Trade Journal says:— are apt to be made. The inaugurating of steps toward the ‘At the recent conferences of naval EER formation of a joint marketing com- stores operators in territory along the The present week brought no new mittee, embracing the entire factorage Gulf coast, it has been decided to in- market developments. The domestic interests of the South, and including definitely curtail production about 25 BEER as well the independent producers of trade has not got over its usual summer R to 33% per cent. wherever possible. dullness, combined with the accentua- ° the Southwest, was the main develop- Few more trees are to be chipped this ment in the naval stores trade this ted dullness of wartimes. There is year except in cases where the operator some trade, of course, but it is not of a RRR week. Today an important meeting of has, under his contract, but a limited satisfying nature. The movement of all interests will be held at Montgomery. time to turpentine the tract. This cur- The committee appointed at the meet- feed stuffs has not yet begun to brace tailment has already begun. At these the West up to a larger buying capacity ing on last Saturday has advised the conferences it was also, in view of the Savannah factors that it has a plan and disposition, and as for the Southern nominal market, decided to reduce the section of the United States the con- ready to submit at today’s meeting. wages of the chippers and dippers about This plan will be considered by each sumption here of articles into which } 20 per cent. In view of this reduction naval stores enters will be held down to ~ factorage house, with the aid of its many of the employes have already attorneys, and another meeting will be the lowest proportions possible for some held at which there will be thorough | quit, and as a result the curtailment time, the high cost of living and the + may exceed the proportion originally low prices of southern products being consideration of the plan, and the { expecred. objections and suggestions evoked by an effectual curtailer for paints, var- a ic. ‘““The operators in this territory report nishes and other articles into which Once the plan is in a shape that is a fair interior trade, but the export naval stores enter. satisfactory to all it will be submitted business is almost at a standstill, only the Department of Justice at Washing- a few small shipments having gone ton, is being the desire and intention forward during the last two weeks.” Operators of Alabama To Meet ¥ to have whatever plan is adopted ap- | proved by the government before it is At Montgomery September 12 put into working order. The inability to handle anything To do all this will require probably but sight drafts naturally adds to the i. Chelsea Ala., Sept. 1, 1914 the remainder of the month. By Octo- difficulties of doing foreign business. NAVAL STORES REVIEW, ber 1, though, it is hoped and expected Owing to the disturbed conditions Savannah, Ga. : to have all the naval stores of the South throughout Europe the old 30 or 60 day Dear Sirs:—Owing to the serious ‘being sold through a general marketing drafts are not negotiable, and it is stage of the turpentine industry a good many others and myself have decided committee. The independent produ- doubtful that exporters would be willing ~ cers will, if the plan goes through, ship to do business on such a basis even to call on the operators of Alabama for their output to Mobile or New Orleans. though they were. The element of a meeting in Montgomery, Alabama, Up to the present time, the factorage risk is not absent now even with sight Saturday, September 12th, at the Ex- and producing interests of the eastern drafts. HExporters are not slow to admit change Hotel, at 12 o’clock noon. ~ section have been carrying the bag and that they do not look for this condition This meeting is for the purpose of ~ sustaining the situation without the to change for many months to come. regulating prices in operating and get- co-operation of many in the south- The overthrow of credit has been so ting soinething definite in a policy that western section of the belt. It has great, and the paralysis to finance and willenable the producers to pull through been brought to the latter’s attention, trade in general so widespread, that the the present calamity. though, that their own protection from most extreme caution will be observed There has long been a demand for ~ now on depends on their making com- even for months after peace comes, more unity among the operators. This ~ mon cause with the eastern or Atlantic whenever that day may be.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Calophyllum Inophyllum L
    Calophyllum inophyllum L. Guttiferae poon, beach calophyllum LOCAL NAMES Bengali (sultanachampa,punnang,kathchampa); Burmese (ph’ông,ponnyet); English (oil nut tree,beauty leaf,Borneo mahogany,dilo oil tree,alexandrian laurel); Filipino (bitaog,palo maria); Hindi (surpunka,pinnai,undi,surpan,sultanachampa,polanga); Javanese (njamplung); Malay (bentagor bunga,penaga pudek,pegana laut); Sanskrit (punnaga,nagachampa); Sinhala (domba); Swahili (mtondoo,mtomondo); Tamil (punnai,punnagam,pinnay); Thai (saraphee neen,naowakan,krathing); Trade name (poon,beach calophyllum); Vietnamese (c[aa]y m[uf]u) Calophyllum inophyllum leaves and fruit (Zhou Guangyi) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Calophyllum inophyllum is a medium-sized tree up to 25 m tall, sometimes as large as 35 m, with sticky latex either clear or opaque and white, cream or yellow; bole usually twisted or leaning, up to 150 cm in diameter, without buttresses. Outer bark often with characteristic diamond to boat- shaped fissures becoming confluent with age, smooth, often with a yellowish or ochre tint, inner bark usually thick, soft, firm, fibrous and laminated, pink to red, darkening to brownish on exposure. Crown evenly conical to narrowly hemispherical; twigs 4-angled and rounded, with plump terminal buds 4-9 mm long. Shade tree in park (Rafael T. Cadiz) Leaves elliptical, thick, smooth and polished, ovate, obovate or oblong (min. 5.5) 8-20 (max. 23) cm long, rounded to cuneate at base, rounded, retuse or subacute at apex with latex canals that are usually less prominent; stipules absent. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, usually unbranched but occasionally with 3-flowered branches, 5-15 (max. 30)-flowered. Flowers usually bisexual but sometimes functionally unisexual, sweetly scented, with perianth of 8 (max.
    [Show full text]
  • The Miracle Resource Eco-Link
    Since 1989 Eco-Link Linking Social, Economic, and Ecological Issues The Miracle Resource Volume 14, Number 1 In the children’s book “The Giving Tree” by Shel Silverstein the main character is shown to beneÞ t in several ways from the generosity of one tree. The tree is a source of recreation, commodities, and solace. In this parable of giving, one is impressed by the wealth that a simple tree has to offer people: shade, food, lumber, comfort. And if we look beyond the wealth of a single tree to the benefits that we derive from entire forests one cannot help but be impressed by the bounty unmatched by any other natural resource in the world. That’s why trees are called the miracle resource. The forest is a factory where trees manufacture wood using energy from the sun, water and nutrients from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In healthy growing forests, trees produce pure oxygen for us to breathe. Forests also provide clean air and water, wildlife habitat, and recreation opportunities to renew our spirits. Forests, trees, and wood have always been essential to civilization. In ancient Mesopotamia (now Iraq), the value of wood was equal to that of precious gems, stones, and metals. In Mycenaean Greece, wood was used to feed the great bronze furnaces that forged Greek culture. Rome’s monetary system was based on silver which required huge quantities of wood to convert ore into metal. For thousands of years, wood has been used for weapons and ships of war. Nations rose and fell based on their use and misuse of the forest resource.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrient Comparison Chart
    NUTRIENT COMPARISON CHART for tree nuts You may know how to measure the perfect one-ounce portion of almonds, but did you know those 23 almonds come packed with nutrients? When compared ounce for ounce, almonds are the tree nut highest in fiber, calcium, vitamin E, riboflavin and niacin, and they are among the lowest in calories. Almonds provide a powerful nutrient package along with tasty crunch to keep you going strong, making them a satisfying snack you can feel good about. The following chart shows how almonds measure up against other tree nuts. BRAZIL MACADAMIA Based on a ALMOND CASHEW HAZELNUT PECAN PISTACHIO WALNUT one-ounce portion1 NUT NUT CALORIES 1602 190 160 180 200 200 160 190 PROTEIN (g) 6 4 4 4 2 3 6 4 TOTAL FAT (g) 14 19 13 17 22 20 13 19 SATURATED FAT (g) 1 4.5 3 1.5 3.5 2 1.5 1.5 POLYUNSATURATED FAT (g) 3.5 7 2 2 0.5 6 4 13 MONOUNSATURATED FAT (g) 9 7 8 13 17 12 7 2.5 CARBOHYDRATES (g) 6 3 9 5 4 4 8 4 DIETARY FIBER (g) 4 2 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2 POTASSIUM (mg) 208 187 160 193 103 116 285 125 MAGNESIUM (mg) 77 107 74 46 33 34 31 45 ZINC (mg) 0.9 1.2 1.6 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.9 VITAMIN B6 (mg) 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 FOLATE (mcg) 12 6 20 32 3 6 14 28 RIBOFLAVIN (mg) 0.3 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0 NIACIN (mg) 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 VITAMIN E (mg) 7.3 1.6 0.3 4.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 CALCIUM (mg) 76 45 13 32 20 20 30 28 IRON (mg) 1.1 0.7 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.8 Source: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • UNECE Standard for Pine Nuts (DDP-12)
    UNECE STANDARD DDP-12 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of PINE NUT KERNELS 2013 EDITION UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2013 NOTE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards The commercial quality standards developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards help facilitate international trade, encourage high-quality production, improve profitability and protect consumer interests. UNECE standards are used by Governments, producers, traders, importers and exporters, and other international organizations. They cover a wide range of agricultural products, including fresh fruit and vegetables, dry and dried produce, seed potatoes, meat, cut flowers, eggs and egg products. Any member of the United Nations can participate, on an equal footing, in the activities of the Working Party. For more information on agricultural standards, please visit our website http://www.unece.org/trade/agr/welcome.html. The new Standard for Pine Nut Kernels is based on document ECE/TRADE/C/WP.7/2013/31, reviewed and adopted by the Working Party at its sixty-ninth session. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of company
    [Show full text]
  • Various Terminologies Associated with Areca Nut and Tobacco Chewing: a Review
    Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Vol. 19 Issue 1 Jan ‑ Apr 2015 69 REVIEW ARTICLE Various terminologies associated with areca nut and tobacco chewing: A review Kalpana A Patidar, Rajkumar Parwani, Sangeeta P Wanjari, Atul P Patidar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Modern Dental College and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Address for correspondence: ABSTRACT Dr. Kalpana A Patidar, Globally, arecanut and tobacco are among the most common addictions. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tobacco and arecanut alone or in combination are practiced in different regions Modern Dental College and Research Centre, in various forms. Subsequently, oral mucosal lesions also show marked Airport Road, Gandhi Nagar, Indore ‑ 452 001, Madhya Pradesh, India. variations in their clinical as well as histopathological appearance. However, it E‑mail: [email protected] has been found that there is no uniformity and awareness while reporting these habits. Various terminologies used by investigators like ‘betel chewing’,‘betel Received: 26‑02‑2014 quid chewing’,‘betel nut chewing’,‘betel nut habit’,‘tobacco chewing’and ‘paan Accepted: 28‑03‑2015 chewing’ clearly indicate that there is lack of knowledge and lots of confusion about the exact terminology and content of the habit. If the health promotion initiatives are to be considered, a thorough knowledge of composition and way of practicing the habit is essential. In this article we reviewed composition and various terminologies associated with areca nut and tobacco habits in an effort to clearly delineate various habits. Key words: Areca nut, habit, paan, quid, tobacco INTRODUCTION Tobacco plant, probably cultivated by man about 1,000 years back have now crept into each and every part of world.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtually Bringing the Nut & Dried Fruit Sector Together
    Edition 81. Nº 3 November 2020 INC ONLINE CONFERENCE Virtually Bringing the Nut & Dried Fruit Sector Together p. 57 www.nutfruit.org November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Edition 81. Nº 3 November 2020 The INC is the international umbrella organization for the nut and dried fruit industry and the source for information on health, nutrition, statistics, food safety, and international standards and regulations regarding nuts and dried fruits. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Michael Waring - Chairman Business News 9 INC Congress 54 MWT Foods, Australia Ashok Krishen - 1st Vice Chairman 9 Partnership Besana-Importaco 54 Dubai, INC XXXIX World Nut and Dried Olam International Limited, Singapore Fruit Congress Pino Calcagni - 2nd Vice Chairman 10 PepsiCo Targets 100% Renewable Besana Group, Italy Electricity Globally Riccardo Calcagni Besana Group, Italy 11 Danone’s Alpro Celebrates 40 Years INC News 57 Bill Carriere Carriere Family Farms, USA 12 Creamy, Crunchy, Chewy: Introducing 57 INC Online Conference Karsten Dankert Nature Valley Packed, a New Sustained Max Kiene GmbH, Germany Energy Bar 60 INC Academia: The Best Training Program in Roby Danon the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry Voicevale Ltd, UK Cao Derong 62 INC Webinars China Chamber of Commerce, China Gourmet 14 Joan Fortuny Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), Spain 63 Trend Research: International Market Giles Hacking 14 Carme Ruscalleda, Barcelona, Spain Opportunities CG Hacking & Sons Limited, UK Mike Hohmann 64 Real Power for Real People: Boost your The Wonderful Company,
    [Show full text]
  • 'Whole Nut' Processing of Coconut
    All ACP Agriculture Commodities Programme AAACP Pacific Brief No. 5 October 2011 ‘Whole nut’ processing of coconut – opportunities and challenges for the Pacific region Key messages • Reorienting coconut industries to produce multiple high-value products (‘whole nut’ processing) has the potential to stimulate economic growth in the Pacific region. • Some high-value products can be made at the village level, directly addressing rural poverty. • A new initiative aims to develop pilot multipurpose processing centres in six countries, to demonstrate technical and commercial viability of ‘whole nut’ processing. • Success will depend on support from governments, the private sector, and regional research and development organisations. Compared to other parts of the world, notably tropical ‘Whole nut’ processing – i.e. processing the different Asia, coconut-based industries in the Pacific region parts of the coconut to produce multiple high-value are stagnating. Pacific island countries have mostly products – has the potential to revitalise coconut failed to invest in new developments, and copra and industries in the region. If opportunities can be low-quality coconut oil continue to be the main created at the village level, and viable market chains products. Low global prices for these commodities developed for products, this will also contribute to create little incentive for producers, and failure to reducing rural poverty. replant coconut palms has led to an overall picture of senile trees and declining production. Coconuts are currently mostly processed into copra and low-grade coconut oil. Photo: Richard Markham 1 | AAACP PACIFIC BRIEF No. 5 The ‘whole-nut’ concept • Changes the focus of coconut industries to higher value products • By multipurpose processing, maximises the returns on each coconut Products and markets With the focus on copra and coconut oil, the parts of the coconut that are currently going to waste are the husks, shells and coconut water.
    [Show full text]
  • Breadfruit Production Guide
    BREADFRUIT PRODUCTION RECOMMENDED PRACTICES GUIDE FOR GROWING, HARVESTING, AND HANDLING 2nd Edition By Craig Elevitch, Diane Ragone, and Ian Cole Breadfruit Production Guide: Recommended Acknowledgments practices for growing, harvesting, and handling We are indebted to the many reviewers of this work, who con- tributed numerous corrections and suggestions that shaped By Craig Elevitch, Diane Ragone, and Ian Cole the final publication: Failautusi Avegalio, Jr., Heidi Bornhorst, © 2013, 2014 Craig Elevitch, Diane Ragone, and Ian Cole. All John Cadman, Jesus Castro, Jim Currie, Andrea Dean, Emih- Rights Reserved. Second Edition 2014. ner Johnson, Shirley Kauhaihao, Robert Paull, Grant Percival, the Pacific Breadfruit Project (Andrew McGregor, Livai Tora, Photographs are copyright their respective owners. Kyle Stice, and Kaitu Erasito), and the Scientific Research Or- ISBN: 978-1939618030 ganisation of Samoa (Tilafono David Hunter, Kenneth Wong, Gaufa Salesa Fetu, Kuinimeri Asora Finau). The authors grate- This is a publication of Ho‘oulu ka ‘Ulu—Revitalizing fully acknowledge Andrea Dean for input in formulating the Breadfruit, a project of Hawai‘i Homegrown Food Network content of this guide. Photo contributions by Jim Wiseman, Ric and Breadfruit Institute of the National Tropical Botanical Rocker, and Kamaui Aiona, are greatly appreciated. The kapa Garden. The Ho‘oulu ka ‘Ulu project is directed by Andrea ‘ulu artwork pictured on cover was crafted by Kumu Wesley Sen. Dean, Craig Elevitch, and Diane Ragone. Finally, our deepest gratitude to all of the Pacific Island farmers Recommended citation who have contributed to the knowledge base for breadfruit for generations. Elevitch, C., D. Ragone, and I. Cole. 2014. Breadfruit Produc- tion Guide: Recommended practices for growing, harvest- Author bios ing, and handling (2nd Edition).
    [Show full text]
  • Pine Nuts: a Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 17 July 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0041.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Forests 2017, 8, 367; doi:10.3390/f8100367 Article Pine nuts: a review of recent sanitary conditions and market development Hafiz Umair M. Awan 1 and Davide Pettenella 2,* 1 Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Finland; [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry – University of Padova, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-049-827-2741 Abstract: Pine nuts are non-wood forest products (NWFP) with constantly growing market notwithstanding a series of phytosanitary issues and related trade problems. The aim of paper is to review the literature on the relationship between phytosanitary problems and trade development. Production and trade of pine nuts in Mediterranean Europe have been negatively affected by the spreading of Sphaeropsis sapinea (a fungus) associated to an adventive insect Leptoglossus occidentalis (fungal vector), with impacts on forest management activities, production and profitability and thus in value chain organization. Reduced availability of domestic production in markets with growing demand has stimulated the import of pine nuts. China has become a leading exporter of pine nuts, but its export is affected by a symptom associated to the nuts of some pine species: the ‘pine nut syndrome’ (PNS). Most of the studies embraced during the review are associated to PNS occurrence associated to the nuts of Pinus armandii. In the literature review we highlight the need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the pine nuts value chain organization, where research on food properties and clinical toxicology be connected to breeding and forest management, forest pathology and entomology and trade development studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Durian: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines
    Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops June 2014 F_N-27 Durian: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines Robert E. Paull1 and Saichol Ketsa2 1Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa, Honolulu, HI 2Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand he durian is often referred cm (8 in) in diameter, densely to as the “King of Fruits” covered with stout sharp pyra- inT Southeast Asia. However, midal spines (1 cm; 0.5 in) on its qualities promote consider- a thick fibrous rind. Fruit are able discussion because of its divided into 3 to 5 smooth- odor, a strong onion–garlic walled compartments, each aroma, which is offensive to containing one to six glossy, some. The genus specification creamy to red-brown seeds zibethinus is derived from the 2 to 6 cm (0.8 to 2.4 in) long, Italian “zibetto,” or civet, a covered by a white to yellow- cat-like animal with a musky ish soft sweet pulp (aril). The smell. pulp can be odorless or have a This tropical tree is strong odor suggesting garlic, mainly cultivated in Sri Lan- Durian onion, or strong cheese with a ka, southern India, southern Durio zibethinus Murray fruity background. The edible Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, (Syn. D. acuminatissina Merr) pulp (20 to 35% total mass) Vietnam, Malaysia, Indone- has a smooth, firm custard-like sia, Borneo, Mindanao (Philippines), and New Guinea. texture. In some fruit, seeds are rudimentary or small It has been spread throughout the tropical world, with compared to larger seeds in wild types. the general name of durian (Indo-Malay) or variants Quality criteria include a pulp with sweet flavor and thereof, including duren (Indonesian), duyin (Burmese), a good texture, few or small seeds, large aril percentage thureen (Cambodian), thurian (Thai), saurieng (Viet- and marketable weight of 1.5 to 3.5 kg (3.3 to 7.7 lb), namese), dulian (Philippines), stinkvrucht (Dutch), and elongated to round shape, good shelf-life, good rind color kadu (Sudan).
    [Show full text]
  • Pine Nuts: a Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development
    Article Pine Nuts: A Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development Hafiz Umair Masood Awan 1 and Davide Pettenella 2,* 1 Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland; [email protected] or [email protected] 2 Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-049-827-2741 Received: 16 July 2017; Accepted: 14 September 2017; Published: 27 September 2017 Abstract: Pine nuts are non-wood forest products (NWFP) with a constantly growing market notwithstanding a series of phytosanitary issues and related trade problems. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the relationship between phytosanitary problems and trade development. Production and trade of pine nuts in Mediterranean Europe have been negatively affected by the spreading of Diplodia sapinea (a fungus) associated with an adventive insect Leptoglossus occidentalis (fungal vector), with impacts on forest management, production and profitability and thus in value chain organization. Reduced availability of domestic production in markets with a growing demand has stimulated the import of pine nuts. China has become a leading exporter of pine nuts, but its export is affected by a symptom caused by the nuts of some pine species: ‘pine nut syndrome’ (PNS). Most of the studies mentioned in the literature review concern PNS occurrence associated with the nuts of Pinus armandii. We highlight the need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the pine nuts value chain organization, where research on food properties and clinical toxicology may be connected to breeding and forest management, forest pathology and entomology, and trade development.
    [Show full text]
  • AFI Specifications for Shelled Brazil Nuts
    AFI Specifications For Shelled Brazil Nuts General Requirements Physical/Grade Standard A. Each shipment inspected by FDA and USDA shall be Chipped N/A of good quality, cleared by Customs, and stored in ac- Broken N/A cordance with good commercial practice. B. The nuts shall be packed in new, clean, dry, leak proof Damage, Serious Not more than (NMT) 10% containers/bags with an airtight (hermetic) seal and Damage, Shell & damage, including NMT 5.0% without internal paper liners, if appropriate. Packaging Foreign Material serious damage; NMT 25 pieces shall be of sufficient strength to assure the integrity of per 1000 lbs. of shell and foreign the product during normal shipment and storage. material; and NMT 1.0% for The outer container shall be constructed of a new rancid kernels. cardboard/bag when appropriate, free of infestation and visual mold, and sealed without staples, unless other- (Tolerances are percent by weight) wise specified by the end user. C. Moisture levels of the nuts should be in the range of 3- II. Damage 6 percent. A. Damage includes, but is not limited to, any of the fol- D. All cartons shall be clearly marked on each end with lowing or combination of the following which detracts the following: from the appearance, edibility or marketing quality of a. Name of the product and trade name or brand the nut, or the lot as a whole: name, if any; b. Name and address of producer or packer; a. Dirt adhering to the surface of the nut; c. Grade, crop year, date of packing (if known), net b.
    [Show full text]