Edition 81. Nº 3 November 2020

INC ONLINE CONFERENCE Virtually Bringing the & Dried Sector Together

p. 57

www.nutfruit.org

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Edition 81. Nº 3 November 2020

The INC is the international umbrella organization for the nut and and the source for information on health, , statistics, safety, and international standards and regulations regarding nuts and dried .

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Michael Waring - Chairman Business News 9 INC Congress 54 MWT , Ashok Krishen - 1st Vice Chairman 9 Partnership Besana-Importaco 54 Dubai, INC XXXIX World Nut and Dried Olam International Limited, Singapore Fruit Congress Pino Calcagni - 2nd Vice Chairman 10 PepsiCo Targets 100% Renewable Besana Group, Electricity Globally Riccardo Calcagni Besana Group, Italy 11 Danone’s Alpro Celebrates 40 Years INC News 57 Bill Carriere Carriere Family Farms, USA 12 Creamy, Crunchy, Chewy: Introducing 57 INC Online Conference Karsten Dankert Nature Valley Packed, a New Sustained Max Kiene GmbH, Germany Energy Bar 60 INC Academia: The Best Training Program in Roby Danon the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry Voicevale Ltd, UK Cao Derong 62 INC Webinars Chamber of Commerce, China Gourmet 14 Joan Fortuny Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), 63 Trend Research: International Market Giles Hacking 14 Carme Ruscalleda, , Spain Opportunities CG Hacking & Sons Limited, UK Mike Hohmann 64 Real Power for Real People: Boost your The Wonderful Company, USA Attitudinal Immunity Cheng Hung Kay Legal Update 17 CHK Trading Co. Ltd., China, Hong Kong Mark Jansen Blue Diamond Growers, USA Global Jack Mariani Mariani Nut Company, USA Feature Articles 23 Statistical Review 67 Mark Mariani Mariani Packing Company, USA 23 Nuts and the Amazon Rainforest: 67 Special Report: Stephen Meltzer A Story of Sustainability, Livelihood, and Shipments Balcorp Ltd., Canada Conservation Russell Mooney Intersnack Procurement B.V., Netherlands 26 Taiwan, The Kingdom of Fruits and Dried Pratap Nair Fruits Industry News 84 Vijayalaxmi Company, Osman Oz 28 Almond Growing in the South of Italy 84 Dollars and Sense: Economics and Aegean Exporters Associations, Almond Quality Propel Gradual Move to Antonio Pont - Honorary President 30 Russian Nuts Commodity Base & Off-Ground Harvesting Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), Spain Real Export Potential Antonio Pont Jr. Crisolar Nuts, S.L., Spain 85 Record for the California 32 Evolution of COVID-19 for the Nut and Industry Opens New Opportunities Chen Qi Dried Fruit Industry Qiaqia Food Co. Ltd., China Jan Vincent Rieckmann 86 Study Shows May Be Helpful in August Töpfer and Co. (ATCO Group), Germany a Weight- Loss Plan Michael Rund Country/Product Bösch Boden Spies GmbH and Co. Kg, Germany Hasan Sabir Spotlight 35 88 Environmental Monitoring: 4 Questions Sabirlar Findik Ihracat Ltd. Sti., Turkey from the Industry Dick Walden 35 Pistachios, The Green Valley , USA 89 California Doubles Down on Virtual Nutrition Events to Engage a EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Broader Audience Michael Waring Chairman Health News 48 Ashok Krishen 1st Vice Chairman 90 A New Strategic Direction for Nuts for Life Pino Calcagni 2nd Vice Chairman 48 Growth of Plant-Based Bill Carriere Board Member Giles Hacking Board Member 91 New Gen Z Research Reveals Jack Mariani Board Member ’ Relevance to the Demands Mark Mariani Board Member of Younger Consumers Pratap Nair Board Member A Chat Antonio Pont Board Member with the Industry 52 92 Nucis Italia Triumphs at Nutrimi 2020 Goretti Guasch Secretary General and Executive Director 52 Fraser Scott, Agribusiness Development 93 , a Southern Hemisphere Manager, Ferrero Company, Powerhouse For all editorial and advertising enquiries: Luxembourg Marc Centelles [email protected] Advertisers List 94

INC HEADQUARTERS The Nutfruit magazine is published three times a year by the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council - INC (Fundació Privada International Nut Carrer de la Fruita Seca, 4 and Dried Fruit CIF G-43738475). This magazine, including all articles and illustrations, is copyright protected. Any utilization beyond the light Polígon Tecnoparc, 43204 Reus, Spain limits set by the Copyright Act is subject to publisher’s approval. All the trademarks, brand identities and graphic images shown in this publication are the property of their respective owners. Tel: +34 977 331 416 While the publishers believe that all information contained in this publication was correct at the time of going to press, they can accept no Email: [email protected] liability for any inaccuracies that may appear or loss suffered directly or indirectly by any reader as a result of any advertisement, editorial, www.nutfruit.org photographs or other materials published in the Nutfruit magazine.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 5 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC Foreword

INC Online Conference: The Top Virtual Event for the Entire Industry!

MICHAEL WARING INC CHAIRMAN

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues and in varying intensity consumers that care about the health benefits of their food. from country to country, I would like to reiterate the continued The third new unit will emphasise cross-cultural negotiations, support and good wishes from the INC to all those affected. and how to understand negotiation across cultural barriers, We remain committed to serving and providing support to the an increasingly important topic in a globalised economy. nut and dried fruit industry. The Executive Committee met Furthermore, we will have two new subunits, one on nut twice during September and October to assess its impact , and a second subunit introducing the INC Short Form on the nut and dried fruit industry and to ensure a relevant Contract for the sale and purchase of nuts and dried fruits. approach is adopted. This year’s dissemination campaign is being launched in Adapting as required, the INC Secretariat under the October and through November and focuses nuts and dried management of Goretti Guasch has continued to add virtual fruits connecting with “attitudinal immunity”. The campaign’s components to projects and services provided by the INC, such video highlights how plant-based power, “Real Power”, from as the first ever international and online platform for the nut nuts and dried fruits gives the consumer. “Real People”, and and dried fruit industry. The INC Online Conference is set to the ability to resist negativity they face throughout each day. take place November 17-19, 2020 and will feature key industry I would like to invite all INC members to join the campaign leaders broadcasting live working groups aimed at providing by taking advantage of the toolkit designed by the INC. As updates for the sector. INC has formed three working groups, a united industry, this message has the potential to reach a representing each of the Americas, Europe, , global audience and help promote the consumption of nuts and Africa, , & Oceania. The working groups provide specific dried fruits around the world. information on each product under the INC umbrella and As we move to the end of 2020 and having endured the are led by industry experts from each region. We will include disruptive schedules caused by COVID-19, the next INC keynote speakers and knowledge sessions with webinars on Congress remains planned to take place in Dubai, UAE in May sustainability, scientific topics, nutrition research, and industry 2021. We are so eager to meet you all again in person and marketing programs. Attendees will also have access to a we hope that you will be able to join us for the INC World Nut virtual exhibition hall to network and conduct business with and Dried Fruit Congress! Be safe, keep well, and hope to be peers. We look forward to your active participation. together again soon. INC have completed three new units into the Academia online course. The first focusing on , highlighting Yours sincerely, essential knowledge of relevant topics in the food and beverage industry, including credit, food safety, financing, product recall and weather. Another new course covers consumption trends and demonstrates how to communicate nuts and dried fruits to a contemporary consumer, specifically

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 7 CLEAR VISION TO MAXIMIZE YIELD

Want to raise productivity to reduce waste? Key Technology’s cutting-edge optical sorting and conveying solutions set the standard for maximizing yield, efficiency and profitability.

At the same time, they deliver data-driven intelligence to continually optimize and improve your operations. Start your progress at Key.net

SORTING | CONVEYING | INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS

Clear Vision, Clear Progress

© 2020 Key Technology

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Business News

Partnership Besana-Importaco

Two leading INC members come together in an important international alliance.

A deal between two family-owned companies, that together count 100+80 years of history: The integration of Besana (Italy) into Importaco group (Spain) will strengthen their international presence and reinforce their competitiveness in the nut sector, especially for , , , and . Their business model is commonly based on product quality and , sustainable and efficient processes, and growing production capacity, constantly paying attention to their customers in Europe and worldwide to On the left, Toño Pons and the right, Pino Calcagni ensure healthy and safe nut products. On the strong base of a shared corporate vision, the alliance will remain under the guide of the two families: objectives and creating value throughout the supply chain." Besana will continue to be led by Pino Calcagni as Honorary "With this operation, we are going to consolidate our President and Riccardo Calcagni as CEO. Importaco’s plan for sustainable growth based on quality and innovation,” President Toño Pons will lead the new Group. said Toño Pons, "We are creating a strong Group with a solid Explaining this company integration, Pino Calcagni competitive position, with high growth potential.” commented: "The globalization towards new markets and Importaco and Besana represent a combined turnover CLEAR VISION the development of synergies to improve economies of scale of €770 million, with 1,950 employees, 17 factories in five are decisive factors in the current landscape. The Importaco countries, 600 suppliers and an annual purchase volume of TO MAXIMIZE YIELD Group is the ideal strategic partner for achieving these 123,000 metric tons.

Want to raise productivity to reduce waste? Key Technology’s cutting-edge optical sorting Nestlé Launched YES! Plant Noberasco Signs Supply Protein Bars Powered by and conveying solutions set the standard for maximizing yield, efficiency and profitability. Chain Agreement for Italian Nuts and Peas Peanuts At the same time, they deliver data-driven intelligence to continually optimize and Nestlé has launched a new range of its YES! An agreement between Noberasco, SIS, Società bars, with each bar containing 10 grams of plant Italiana Sementi (Gruppo BF Spa), and Coldiretti improve your operations. Start your progress at Key.net protein from a delicious natural combination of has repaved the Italian supply chain. In nuts and peas. September, the partners came together to make it official. Recent Nestlé research has shown that most people buying protein bars are now looking for more natural Managing Director, Mattia Noberasco mentioned, “What we SORTING | CONVEYING | INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS protein sources with no additives. Plant protein is one of are presenting today is not just the launch of a decidedly the most preferred options to fuel an active lifestyle and revolutionary product for agri-food such as the Italian peanut, get the most out of their busy day. it is a project that combines innovation, quality, transparency The new YES! Bar packs in 10 grams of plant protein and strong commitment to invest in the territory. We want from peas and nuts and gives consumers power on to create a line of made in Italy products and thanks to the go. Like other YES! bars, the new protein bars are these supply chain agreements we pursue our commitment made of wholesome ingredients, are high in fiber, use to educate the consumer in healthy eating styles, who no artificial colors or preservatives, are gluten free and increasingly want to be and are, an integral part of conscious suitable for vegetarians. choices that start from the earth up to shopping, then to the Clear Vision, Clear Progress The new bar comes in two delicious flavors: Almond, table.” Peanut and Double Dark ; and Cashew, With this agreement, consumers in Italy will now be able to and Dark Chocolate. Nuts are the number purchase 100% made in Italy peanuts. one ingredient, and the bars are drizzled with real dark chocolate made with sustainable cocoa certified by the © 2020 Key Technology Rainforest Alliance.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 9 Business News

PepsiCo Targets 100% Renewable Electricity Globally

Over the past few years, PepsiCo has accelerated efforts to ensure global renewable energy, from developing an industry-leading showcase facility for sustainable , warehousing, and distribution technologies at their Frito-Lay site in Modesto, California, to signing the UN’s Business Ambition for 1.5°C pledge, which committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Now they have announced their latest step: PepsiCo is transitioning to 100% renewable electricity globally. They will do this first across their company owned operations by 2030, with an aim for the entire global operations, including franchisees, by 2040. PepsiCo Chief Sustainability Officer, Jim Andrews said, “We know the responsibility that comes with our size and scale, so transitioning PepsiCo's global business operations to 100% renewable electricity is the right step forward to deliver meaningful impact as we continue to advance our sustainability agenda.”

TOMRA Food has opened new regional headquarters TOMRA Food Opens New to enhance its support of food processors and packers Regional Headquarters in across Latin America.

Latin America The new purpose-built base, in Santiago, Chile, means that TOMRA Food and its two sister companies, Compac and BBC Technologies, now all have a strong presence in the region, which contributes significantly to the global supply of fruits, nuts, , potato products, and seeds, dried fruit, meat and seafood. The 810 square-meter, two-story building adds to the premises BBC Technologies has been operating in Chillán for 10 years with more than 20 employees. The new building accommodates offices, a meeting room, a spare parts store for greater spare parts stock, and a test and demonstration area that serves as a Customer Experience Center and Regional Training Hub. The demonstration room in Santiago hosts five optical sorting machines: TOMRA 5A, TOMRA 5B, TOMRA 3C, TOMRA Nimbus BSI+, and Blizzard.

10 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Business News

Danone’s Alpro Celebrates FDA Announces Key FSMA 40 years Rule to Advance Traceability

Alpro is celebrating 40 years of Foods, a Major Milestone of plant-based innovation for in the New Era of Smarter consumers. The brand, with Belgian origins and heritage, has expanded Food Safety across Europe and the world with a great variety of plant-based foods The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has and drinks. Alpro joined the Danone announced efforts to bring about farm-to-table family of brands in 2017. traceability in the US food supply.

To mark the 40th year, Alpro has launched The FDA has proposed a new rule that lays the foundation for a new health and sustainability action plan end-to-end food traceability across the that for 2025 under the banner “Feeding our it will be working toward over the next decade as part of the Future with Plants”. “The diets we have adopted are no New Era of Smarter Food Safety initiative. While limited to longer sustainable for the planet, so we have to change certain foods, this proposed rule would create a first-of-its- the way we look at food production and consumption,” kind standardized approach to traceability recordkeeping, explains Sue Garfitt, General Manager at Alpro. “Millions of paving the way for industry to adopt and leverage more digital, people are more aware of the personal and environmental tech-enabled traceability systems both in the near term and benefits of plant-based foods and drinks. Our brand has the future. a mission to promote more flexitarian diets. We want to The FDA also released a draft Food Traceability List keep bringing more choice, variety and taste, and that's that identifies foods to which the additional recordkeeping why innovation lies at the heart of what we do at Alpro.” requirements would apply. For more information on the plan, visit www.fda.gov.

Unilever’s Manufacturing Site in Hefei, China, Joins the WEF’s Renowned Global Lighthouse Network

Unilever has announced that its manufacturing site in Hefei, China, has been recognized as an ‘Advanced 4th Industrial Revolution Lighthouse’ by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in collaboration with McKinsey & Co. This is the second Unilever site to achieve the prestigious status.

The Global Lighthouse Network is a community of certified manufacturing sites that are leading in the digital industrial technology space. The network demonstrates leadership in using Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies to transform business operations and advance innovative manufacturing methods. The site now has a digital end-to-end ecosystem, deploying AI across the production process. Advanced technology has allowed some operators to work from home during lockdown. For example, production lines were re-engineered to allow them to be ran remotely and digital performance management was leveraged, a process which monitors productivity and enables timely and digital interventions.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 11 Business News

Creamy, Crunchy, Chewy: This new addition to the Nature Valley lineup is packed with creamy nut , crunchy nuts and seeds such as almonds, Introducing Nature Valley sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds or peanuts, and chewy Packed, a New Sustained or . “Through Packed, we want to make sustained energy Energy Bar approachable,” said Scott Baldwin, business unit director, at General Mills. “Time and again, we’ve heard Nature Valley has launched Packed, a sustained from consumers who want a delicious, affordable snack bar energy bar that uniquely features three textures with feel-good ingredients that not only bring together a – creamy, crunchy and chewy. variety of textures, but can also offer long-lasting energy to help them get through their busy days.” Packed contains no artificial flavors or colors and no high fructose corn syrup. The new snack bars are available in two varieties: & and & Blueberry.

Ocean Spray Advances Sustainable Packaging Strategy and Launches National Recycling Program with TerraCycle

Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., the owned by more than 700 farmer families, announced a partnership with innovative waste management company TerraCycle to launch a free recycling program that enables consumers to recycle Ocean Spray® flexible plastic Craisins® dried cranberries and snack packaging for an alternative use.

Through the partnership, Ocean Spray is advancing its sustainable packaging strategy by helping to divert waste from landfills and extending the life of materials to reduce the overall environmental footprint of a product. In addition, Ocean Spray is working with TerraCycle's new Loop platform to develop a program where together they will design and launch products in reusable packaging to create a truly circular economy. Consumers will be able to order Ocean Spray products from Loop's e-commerce platform, and once done with the product, they will be able to simply return the packaging to Loop to clean, sanitize and refill with the original products to reuse.

THE FOOD SAFETY SOLUTION FOR • 5-log reduction • No gases or chemicals NUTS, SEEDS & DRIED FRUITS • Homogeneous treatment • Continuous process • Process within minutes • Applicable for organic food

PASTEURIZATION ROASTING COATING STOCK PROTECTION Food Safety Line: Dosing belt FS-IRD Conveyor belt FS-RC www.kreyenborg.com

12 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Gourmet

CARME RUSCALLEDA

Carme Ruscalleda is a world renowned Michelin star chef who specializes in Catalan with influences from all around the world. She is the only female chef to hold seven Michelin stars. Her first restaurant, , which was located in Sant Pol de Mar, just north of Barcelona launched her into the spotlight and was awarded three Michelin stars. Sant Pau closed its doors in 2018 in the Sant Pol de Mar location, however, Sant Pau opened a branch in Tokyo, with the same name in 2004. In Barcelona, Carme runs two more restaurants, Moments and Blanc, which both provide elegant dining experiences for guests. Carme is also a well published author, writing many cookbooks displaying the for which she has become so well associated with.

Nuts & Dried Fruits Valued in the Catalan Cuisine

One of the most well-known chefs in all of and Spain, when did you first begin ? I feel as if cooking and I have gone hand in hand since I was a child. I started to take on family cooking responsibilities at 12 years old. Cooking always interested me and for personal and professional growth, it guided my steps, and I became a chef.

Your popularity grew with your restaurant, Sant Pau in Barcelona, but you also decided to open a restaurant in Japan by the same name. What was appealing about Japan and why did you open another restaurant there? We opened Sant Pau in Tokyo in the spring of 2004. It was a proposal and offer given to us by Yuji Shimoyama, a Japanese businessman. Without a doubt, it is one of the most interesting things that has happened to me in my life! I had admired Japanese cuisine before starting to work with them, but now, I admire it even more after 16 years working together; I have learned so much and their Japanese cuisine philosophy has become ingrained in my mind. Since my experience in Japan, my cooking has become even better and more interesting!

Mediterranean cuisine has been trending recently, what do you believe is the future of Mediterranean food? My cooking style is completely of Mediterranean origin; it is the style of cooking that I learned since I was a child, that of fishermen and farmers. I have defended this cooking culture since the first day I opened my restaurant, because it added originality and a common sense of discourse both culinary and personal to Sant Pau when it opened in 1988. I predict a wonderful future for Mediterranean cuisine because so many professionals and consumers love it, they search for it and they defend it!

14 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Gourmet

A lot of your food combines Catalan and QUICK FIRE ROUND Eastern cuisine. What is so special and unique about this combination? I don’t think it is about combining, but rather professional What do you most love about cooking? growth. It is not a fusion, but an inspiration with solid Feeling the idea, the inspiration, and of course bringing gastronomic arguments. For example, the Japanese broth it to life. Dashi, which is used so much in Japanese cuisine, I can use What is your personal favorite dish? this in Mediterranean food because the components of the Arroz Mar y Montaña (rice dish including both seafood Dashi significantly enhance the flavors of food. Our “Dashi de and meat). Romesco” is proof of this. Or our “Pichón deshuesado”, stuffed with barbecue and with a touch of salted Sakura leaves, it gives What is the next big gastronomical trend an elegant and exceptional gourmet fragrance. in the world? I believe it will be the great melting pot of Latin Over the years, you have been awarded with American cuisine. the numerous Michelin Stars. What has this What nut and dried fruit do you always meant for you and your restaurants? have in your kitchen? I have always considered the Michelin Stars as the best Everything! Hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts, pine nuts, business card for the world of gastronomy. A guide like pistachios, , , dried , prunes, Michelin steers demanding and knowledgeable gourmet chefs dates, etc. all over the world. I believe that Michelin rewards strength, talent, creativity, and quality. For these reasons, I am delighted to have guided gourmets to Sant Pol de Mar and to continue guiding them to Sant Pau in Tokyo and Moments in Barcelona, “Romesco”, also utilizes hazelnuts and almonds. And one in the Mandarin Oriental Hotel. of the most popular Catalan , “Postres de Músic” is usually served with a variation of nuts and dried fruits, such What place do nuts and dried fruits have in as almonds, hazelnuts, pine nuts, raisins, dried apricots, and Catalan and Eastern cuisine? dried figs (there are those who also serve it with pistachios). In Catalan cuisine, nuts and dried fruits are extremely In Japan, I have been able to appreciate how they also enjoy appreciated! “La Picada” is one Catalan dish that uses nuts: hazelnuts, almonds, pine nuts, raisins, etc. However, I have almonds, hazelnuts, and pine nuts, which add flavor and been amazed at how fruits like and are texture to many stews. One of the oldest Catalan sauces, dried in Japan.

Almond Shortbread

Night before: Infuse lard with toasted saffron and pulverize.

Ingredients Ingredients for Shortbread for Aromatics 200 g of extra lard zest of one limon 200 g of powdered sugar 0.5 g of saffron (toasted and pulverized) 250 g of powdered almonds 0.5 g of 500 g of 1 g of salt

Steps: 1. Toast the flour at 190 degrees Celsius on a flat tray for about 15 minutes. Put through a sieve. 2. Toast the almond powder at 190 degrees Celsius, flat for about 5 minutes. 3. Mix the powdered sugar with the lard (infused with the saffron). 4. Incorporate the powdered almonds. 5. Add the flour and the rest of the aromatics. Mix very well. It should come out thick and uniform. 6. Let rest for one hour. 7. Stretch to make the thickness uniform and cut into pieces. 8. Bake at 190 degrees Celsius for 3 minutes.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 15 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Legal Update

Pesticides AUSTRALIA and : MRLs Update Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) issued variations to Schedule 20 of the revised Food Standards Code on July 7, August 11, and September 8, 2020. The following maximum residue limits (MRLs) were established. Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Clofentezine almonds 0.5 Clothianidin almonds 0.05 Uniconazole-p walnuts T*0.01 * indicates that the MRL is set at the limit of determination. ‘T’ indicates that the maximum residue limit is a temporary maximum residue limit.

CANADA: MRLs Update Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency notified the following MRLs in nuts and dried fruits. Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Date nuts (crop group 14-11) 0.06 Mefentrifluconazole dried , raisins 4.0 Adopted on June 7, 2020 peanuts 0.01 tree nuts (crop group 14-11) 0.5 Glufosinate-ammonium Deadline for comments: 28-09-2020 stone fruits (crop group 12-09) 0.3 Fenpropathrin tree nuts (crop group 14-11) 0.15 Adopted on September 6, 2020 Inpyrfluxam peanuts 0.01 Adopted on September 23, 2020 Oxathiapiprolin raisins 1.3 Deadline for comments: 06-12-2020

CHINA: MRLs Update The separate customs territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the and Matsu notified the World Trade Organization (WTO) of People's Republic of China notified the WTO of the National the adoption of the Draft Standards for Pesticide Residue Food Safety Standard of the P.R.C.: Maximum Residue Limits Limits in Foods, which include the following MRLs in nuts and for Pesticides in Foods. Regarding nuts and dried fruits, the fruits. following MRLs were listed.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Date Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Deadline for Fluopyram peanut 0.02 comments almond 0.6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.3* Flutriafol pecan 0.02 dried figs 30 Pyraclostrobin 13-09-2020 Isofetamid 5.0 3 plum 0.1 Adopted on Spirotetramat plum 5* Pyrifluquinazon grape 1.0 May 20, 2020 * The MRL is the temporary limit Pyriofenone grape 2.0 Quinclorac cranberry 1.5 Spiroxamine grape 0.5 Sulfentrazone hazelnut 0.1

EFSA: MRLs Review The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviewed the MRLs for some pesticides and proposed the following changes.

Existing Proposed Pesticide Product Comments MRL (ppm) MRL (ppm) tree nuts 0.1 0.1 Recommended apricots 1.5 2 Recommended Fubendiamide plums 0.7 2 Recommended 2 2 Recommended Meptyldinocap grapes 1 0.2 Further consideration needed tree nuts (except and pistachios) 0.06* 0.07 The submitted data are sufficient to derive Flonicamid an import tolerance based on the authorized pistachios 0.06* 0.3 US GAP. Risk for consumers unlikely. tree nuts 0.01* 0.02 The submitted data are sufficient to derive Flupyradifurone grapes 0.8 3 an import tolerance (US/Canadian GAP). peanuts 0.01* 0.04 Risk for consumers unlikely. Amisulbrom grapes 0.5 0.4 Recommended The submitted data are sufficient. Risk for Etofenprox plums 0.01* 0.2 consumers unlikely.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 17 Legal Update

The submitted data are sufficient to derive an import tolerance at the LOQ of Abamectin tree nuts 0.01* 0.01* 0.01 mg/kg for the whole group of tree nuts. US tolerance: 0.01 mg/kg. Risk for consumers unlikely. apricots 0.01* 0.7 The submitted data are sufficient Mefentrifluconazole plums 0.01* 0.5 to derive an MRL proposal. Risk for grapes 0.01* 0.9 consumers unlikely. MRL is derived from a GAP evaluated at almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, EU level, which is fully supported by data Chlorantraniliprole hazelnuts, , , pine nuts, 0.05 0.03 and for which no risk to consumers is pistachios, walnuts identified. * Indicates that the MRL is set at the limit of analytical quantification.

EU: MRLs Update The European Commission established the following MRLs in nuts and fruits. Adoption Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Regulation date tree nuts, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Myclobutanil apricots 3 grapes 1.5 Regulation (EU) 2020/770 02-01-2021 tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* of 8 June 2020 Napropamide cranberries 0.02* Sintofen tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, figs, dates, peanuts 0.01* Chromafenozide tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Pencycuron tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.02* Sedaxane tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Regulation (EU) 2020/785 06-01-2021 Tau-fluvalinate plums, cranberries, peanuts 0.01* of 9 June 2020 tree nuts, peanuts 0.005* Triazoxide apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs 0.001* Cyantraniliprole cranberries 0.08 apricots 3 Isofetamid plums 0.8 Regulation (EU) 2020/856 09-07-2020 pecans 0.05 of 9 June 2020 Kresoxim-methyl grapes 1.5 Pyriofenone cranberries 0.5 Chlorpyrifos tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Regulation (EU) 2020/1085 13-11-2020 Chlorpyrifos-methyl tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* of 23 July 2020 * Indicates lower limit of determination.

EU: Pesticide Withdrawals The European Commission notified the WTO of the non-renewal of the active substance beta-cyfluthrin and benalaxyl. This decision does not affect the MRLs for residues of this pesticide but separate actions may be taken.

INDIA: MRLs Update The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India notified the WTO of the Draft Food Safety and Standards (Contaminants, Toxins and Residues) Amendment Regulations 2020. The Draft changes the following MRLs for groundnuts.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Deadline for comments Difenoconazole peanut 0.01 Mancozeb peanut 0.01 Flubendiamide peanut 0.02 Imidacloprid peanut 0.05 Indoxacarb peanut 0.05* Novaluron peanut 0.01* 08-11-2020 Propaquizafop peanut 0.01* Tebuconazole peanut 0.05 Trifloxystrobin peanut 0.02* Fluxapyroxad peanut 0.05* Methoxyfenozide peanut 0.02*

* indicates that the maximum residue limit is set at the limit of determination.

18 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Legal Update

USA: MRLs Update The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established the following MRLs in nuts and fruits. Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Adoption date Fenpyroximate peanuts 0.04 18-06-2020 Cyflumetofen plum subgroup 12-12C 0.3 01-07-2020 cranberry 0.4 Oxathiapiprolin 06-07-2020 nut, tree, group 14-12 0.01 Hexythiazoxin date, dried 3 20-07-2020 Contaminants GERMANY: Oil Hydrocarbons Representatives of the food control authorities of the federal states and the food sector association Food Federation Germany made a recommendation on “benchmark levels” for contents of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH). These benchmark levels (non-legislative) for MOH, which were introduced on July 1, 2020, cover only the German market. For nuts and dried fruits, a benchmark level of 4 mg/kg for mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) is established. For mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH), the level is lower than the limit of qualification (LOQ).

THAILAND: Contaminants and Toxins in Food The Food and Drug Administration of notified the World Trade Organization of the adoption of the "Maximum levels for contaminants and toxins in food". As for total aflatoxin in nuts and dried fruits, the following maximum limits are stablished.

Aflatoxin, Product Description total (mg/kg) Whole commodity (ready to eat) 10 Brazil nuts Shelled Brazil nuts intended for further processing 15 Whole commodity (ready to eat) 10 Pistachios Pistachios intended for further processing 15 Dried figs Whole commodity (ready to eat) 10 Peanuts Unless specified, or kernels, after removal of shell or husk and intended for further processing 20 Whole commodity after remove shell (ready to eat) 10 Almonds Whole commodity after remove shell (intended for further processing) 15 Whole commodity after removal of shell (ready to eat) 10 Hazelnuts Whole commodity after remove shell (intended for further processing) 15 Other nuts and dried fruits Other than the above lists 20 Food Safety USA: Smarter Food Safety USA: Food Traceability On July 13, 2020, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) On September 23, the FDA published the proposed rule announced the New Era of Smarter Food Safety Blueprint. “Requirements for Additional Traceability Records for Certain This document sets goals to enhance traceability, improve Foods” to establish additional traceability recordkeeping predictive analytics, respond more rapidly to outbreaks, requirements for persons who manufacture, process, pack, or address new business models, reduce contamination of food, hold foods included on the Food Traceability List. and foster the development of stronger food safety cultures. The Food Traceability Proposed Rule is a key component It outlines a partnership between government, industry of the FDA’s New Era of Smarter Food Safety Blueprint and and public health advocates. It is centered around four core pursues to identify recipients of foods to prevent or mitigate elements: 1) Tech-enabled Traceability; 2) Smarter Tools and foodborne illness outbreaks in a quick and efficient manner. Approaches for Prevention and Outbreak Response; 3) New The foods identified in the Food Traceability List will require Business Models and Modernization; and 4) Food Safety additional traceability records. (includes all types Culture. of tree nut and peanut ; does not include soy or seed butters) is listed.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 19 Legal Update Organic Production EU: Organic Production Consultation The European Commission has opened a public consultation about the action plan for the development of EU organic production with deadline November 27, 2020. The objective of this public consultation is to collect and analyze the opinion and ideas of citizens, civil society, Member States authorities and concerned sectoral organizations on actions to be developed. Through the Farm to Fork and the Biodiversity strategies, published in May 2020, the Commission has committed to reach at least 25% of EU’s agricultural land under organic farming by 2030 and a significant increase in organic aquaculture, both to improve the sustainability of the food system and to revert biodiversity loss. To achieve this, the Commission proposes setting up an action plan to help Member States stimulate both supply and demand of organic products, ensure consumer’s trust through promotion activities and green public procurement, and respond to the challenges in reaching the target.

EU: Organic Production On September 18, 2020, the European Union notified the World Trade Organization of three draft regulations amending or supplementing Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production and labeling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007: - The Draft Commission Delegated Regulation as regards the requirements for groups of operators and the model of certificate attesting compliance with the rules on organic production, lays down the provisions on groups of operators and amends the model of the certificate provided to operators or group of operators. - The Draft Commission Delegated Regulation on the specific criteria and conditions for the checks of documentary accounts in the framework of official controls in organic production and the official controls of groups of operators, will supplement the Regulation (EU) 2018/848 by laying down further rules on traceability and mass balance checks, as well as on specific controls on groups of operators. - The Draft Commission Implementing Regulation on controls and other measures ensuring traceability and compliance in organic production and the labeling of organic products lays down the rules for precautionary measures and investigation in case of suspicion of non-compliance due to the presence of non-authorized products and substance, labeling, group of operators, minimum additional controls, national catalogues of measures and exchange of information between different bodies and authorities for organics. The proposed date of adoption is November 2020. Trade WCO: Amendments to HS 2022 The World Customs Organization (WCO) published the amendments to the Harmonized System (HS) Nomenclature accepted during the HS Convention. Among the 351 sets of amendments, the following HS codes have been set for pine nuts. These amendments shall enter into force on January 1, 2022. 0802.91 - Pine nuts, in shell 0802.92 - Pine nuts, shelled TRADE AGREEMENTS Date Trade agreement The EU- Free Trade Agreement (FTA) entered into force. The FTA will eliminate nearly all customs duties August 1, 2020 on goods traded between the two parties in a progressive way. It was signed on June 30, 2019, and approved by the EU on March 30, 2020, and by Vietnam on June 8, 2020.

The --Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force, replacing the decades-old NAFTA. July 1, 2020 The USMCA is expected to enable food and agriculture to trade more fairly, and to expand exports of agricultural products.

The UK and Japan reached a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. This agreement is expected to September 11, give UK companies exporting to Japan a competitive 2020 advantage in a number of areas: tariff free access for more goods, improved mobility for business people, and digital and data provisions, among others.

5377_Optimum_Pub_INC mag_w92h134mm_EN_v1.indd 1 10/01/20 10:32 20 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Sorting Innovation.

Execute two jobs at once with the new range of specially equipped Sortex optical sorters. Unlike slow mechanical pin machines, the Sortex sorters remove closed pistachios along with shelling stock material, at the highest capacity.

Reduced footprint by replacing large number of pin drums

Increased throughput and yield compared to mechanical pin sorter solution

Minimal damage to the kernel and avoid scratching of open pistachios 0802.91 - Pine nuts, in shell Advanced combination of color 0802.92 - Pine nuts, shelled sorting and shape technology for the best end product

Learn more. [email protected] www.buhlergroup.com/nut-sorting

Input Accept Reject

Innovations for a better world. November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

Brazil Nuts and the Amazon Rainforest: A Story of Sustainability, Livelihood, and Conservation

The Amazon rainforest is one of the most majestic, biodiverse, and environmentally important regions of the world. Covering an area of over 5.5 million km2 and spreading over various countries in South America, it is the largest rainforest on the globe. Located within the rainforest is the The and the Amazon rainforest tough, delicious, and nutritional Amazonia (Brazil) nut. Over are inseparable and as deforestation, the past decades, the Brazil nut has grown to become one of the most important economic products of the Amazon1. wildfires, and land grabbers destroy the rainforest, the negative chain effect Brazil Nut Origins begins. Therefore, the conservation of Brazil nuts are harvested in the wild of the Amazon rainforest. the Brazil nut and the Amazon rainforest Their are massive and often times rise above the canopy of the rainforest. Each tree produces a fruit that depend on each other, thus affecting the encases anywhere from 10 to 20 individual Brazil nuts. Once millions of people who call the Amazon these fruits ripen, they fall to the forest floor, waiting to be region home. gathered from harvesters. Efforts to cultivate the tree outside of the wild have failed as the tree requires the extensive and complex ecosystem of the Amazon to flourish and produce Brazil nuts. Consequently, the production of Brazil nuts is rarely steady and this results in unpredictable harvests. Each year, the harvest is dependent on environmental, economic and political conditions of the area. Once Brazil nuts are harvested, they are enjoyed around the world for their delicious taste, amplifying recipes or just serving as a tasty snack. Moreover, they provide various health benefits, being high in fiber, E, thiamin and minerals such as selenium, , , magnesium, phosphorus, copper and . They also contain more Picture courtesy of Tahuamanu SA. selenium than any other food on the planet.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 23 Feature Articles

Sustainability, Livelihood, and Conservation Throughout the years, the growth and harvest of Brazil nuts from the Amazon has become a key resource and through its harvesting, known as “conservation-through-use”, it has supported millions of hectares of the rainforest5. The growth of the Brazil nut can be directly tied to the saving of the Amazon rainforest and due to the impact not only on the conservation of the rainforest, but also the impact on the local economies and livelihoods, the Brazil nut has been referred to by some as the cornerstone of Amazon forest conservation6. Economically, it is easy to argue that the Brazil nut is the most important plant product that is harvested from the Threats Against the Amazon Rainforest Amazon as it enjoys an ample world market. Additionally, Home to the Brazil nut, the Amazon rainforest currently the harvesters usually come from some of the most faces some of the highest rates of deforestation as well underprivileged sections of society, thus putting their lives on as wildfires. In June 2020, Reuters reported that the the harvest of the Brazil nut. deforestation of the rainforest could be at its worst levels in over a decade2. Regarding wildfires, the situation does The Interconnected Story not look any better. In July 2020, there were almost 7,000 All in all, the connection between the Brazil nut and the Amazon wildfires in the rainforest, amounting to an increase of 28% rainforest is undeniable. One cannot survive without the other compared to July 20193. and this is why serious efforts to conserve the rainforest and Furthermore, the rainforest is also threatened by “land to make Brazil nuts sustainable must be considered a priority. grabbers”, which are individuals who clear paths in the As the efforts to conserve the Amazon rainforest make Amazon for cattle pastures. Just from April 27 to September headway, the role of Brazil nuts only grows. The sustainability 9, 2019 alone, 2.8 thousand hectares of forest were illegally of harvesting Brazil nuts will continue to pay a pivotal role in cut down4. Unfortunately, the expansion of cattle pasture conserving the Amazon and supporting the livelihood of the usually takes away from Brazil nut harvesters. residents in the region.

References 1. Kainer, K. A., Wadt, L. H., & Staudhammer, C. L. (2018). The evolving role of Bertholletia excelsa in Amazonia: contributing to local livelihoods and forest conservation. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 48. 2. Spring, J. (2020, July 10). La deforestación del Amazonas aumenta en junio y podría ser la peor en una década. Reuters. https://es.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idESKBN24B1XO 3. Amazon region: Brazil records big increase in fires. (2020, August 2). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53626544v 4. Maisonnave, F. (2020, July 28). Amazon land grabbers are destroying brazil nut groves for cattle pasture. Climate Change News. https://www.climatechangenews. com/2020/07/28/amazon-land-grabbers-destroying-brazil-nut-groves- cattle-pasture/ 5. Laird, S. A., & Pierce, A. R. (2002). Tapping the green market: certification and management of non-timber forest products. Earthscan. 6. Clay, J. W. (1997). Brazil nuts: the use of a keystone species for conservation and development. Harvesting wild species: implications for biodiversity conservation, 246-282.

24 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

Taiwan, the Kingdom of Fruits and Dried Fruits

DR. CHAOYUN LIANG Dr. Chaoyun Liang is a distinguished professor in the Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University. His research focuses on human creativity, social entrepreneurship, agricultural communication, and rural marketing.

Figure 1. Illustrated by Liv Wan, https://livwanillustration.com

Taiwan enjoys a positive global reputation for its electronics production. Taiwan has a range of terrains, marine ecologies, but it is seldom recognized as a major dried fruit producer. forests, mountains reaching up to 3,952 m, and diverse Known by many as the ‘Kingdom of Fruit’, it excels at growing ethnic cultures, each with their own charming traditions and a diverse array of delicious fruit. Such fruit is available year- practices. round thanks to Taiwan’s suitable climate, geographical Because of these natural and human conditions, location, skillful farmers, and creative use of agricultural remarkable diversities of fruits can be grown here at different technology. levels of humidity and temperature. Taiwan is also highly Taiwan and its surrounding islands are blessed with gifts praised for its dedicated farmers and ingenious ways of from nature; they are situated in at the northwestern agricultural technology to maintain a high edge of the Pacific, between tropical and subtropical climate standard of fruit quality and flavor. Every month, more than zones. This allows them to withstand formidable summer one kind of fruit is in season. A partial list of fruits seldom seen typhoons and dry winters and enjoy yearlong agricultural outside of Taiwan is as follows:

26 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

• Litchi is unique in its red, bumpy skin and opaque white Various fresh fruits are commonly available to Taiwanese interior. It is naturally sweet and juicy with floral notes, people, reducing consumer needs for dried fruit, although contributing to its pleasant aroma. Litchi has a delicate dried fruit production techniques are advanced. Recent flavor with high nutritional value, and it is a perfect summer research indicates that dried fruits are perceived as a snack treat. among Taiwanese people. Local people appreciate these dried • Green mango is the most unique species among many fruits as a gastronomic delight; they offer delectable flavors, mango varieties. Smaller and sweeter than red mango, convenient transport and storage, and ease of sharing while green mango possesses a soft texture and a slightly tart socializing with families and friends. Hence, dried fruits are , making it the perfect summer fruit. popular snacks at festivals and parties in Taiwan. • has a dense, bell-shaped body and a bright, To satisfy increased demand, some dried fruit thin skin. It is juicy, crunchy, delicious, and fragrant. ‘Black manufacturers in Taiwan have increased production, but they pearls’ are the most sought-after type of wax apple. have done so by forgoing traditional methods and misleading • Custard apple, also known as a ‘Buddha’s head’, has a consumers. Although additional ingredients are not required in fragrant, sweet taste, a soft texture, and a creamy, seed- drying processes, some manufacturers infuse dried fruit with filled interior. sugar syrup prior to drying. • Longan, also known as ‘dragon eyes’, has a brown shell and In Taiwan, dried fruit consumption is a hedonistic pleasure juicy, white-fleshed interior. Longan has a mildly sweet, that has become an essential part of everyday life. Taiwanese musky flavor and is commonly sold fresh, dried, or canned people offer fruit slices to their houseguests, gift fruit baskets in syrup. Dried longan is also used in soups and hot teas. to their clients, exchange assortments of quality fruit with • Taiwanese has a creamy, buttery texture with close friends and family, and even make entertaining group a flesh that melts in the mouth when ripe. It has been activities out of picking seasonal fruit while on vacation or associated with digestion and improving blood glucose during festivals and celebrations. sensitivity. Although fresh and dried fruit production may now be Though, , guava, star fruit, and are targeted to specific consumer markets _either toward those obtainable year-round, some fruits are best eaten when in looking for fruit grown and dried in more environmentally season. Spring to summer is the best time to savor fruit such friendly and health-conscious manners or those in search of as loquat, plum, sapodilla, watermelon, and mango. Between exceptional flavor at a reasonable price_ fresh and dried fruit summer and autumn, , dragon fruit, passion fruit, and lime are generally perceived as healthy choices for those craving are all widely found. Autumn to winter is the prime season something sweet and are also valued as humble offerings for for citrus, pomelo, tomato, persimmon, , , gods and cultural symbols. and melon. Furthermore, Taiwan’s creative farmers have In line with an emerging geopolitical and global economic developed approaches to genetically modified fruit, yielding shift, Taiwan, the Kingdom of Fruit, is ready to welcome all delectable results. Genetically modified fruits often have visitors and share its remarkable culinary gifts (Figure 1). extravagant names such as ‘Pearl Guava’, ‘ Pineapple’, ‘Apple Banana’, ‘King Kong Wax Apple’, ‘Watermelon Plum’,

and ‘Belle of the Night Dragon Fruit’; all of these are innovative References: fruits with unique flavors and superior quality compared with EZGO. Retrieved from: https://ezgo.coa.gov.tw/zh-EN/Front Quick Facts about Taiwan. Retrieved from: https://www.studyintaiwan.org/ others. discover/quick Taiwan has a diverse selection of quality fruits, and its Sun, Y., & Laing, C. (2020). Factors determining consumers’ purchase intentions towards dried fruits. International Journal of Fruit Science. doi: fruits and dried fruits meet EU standards. 10.1080/15538362.2020.1774477

Your Distributor for Germany Import · Customs Clearance · VAT · Logistics · Storage · Sales · Retail · Distribution

Walnuts · Almonds · Macadamias · Brazil Nuts · Prunes · Raisins · Apricots · Dates · Figs · · Mangoes · Pineapple · Tomatoes www.palm-nutsandmore.de · [email protected]

palm_nuts_and_more_anzeige.indd 1 23.08.18 15:28

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 27 Feature Articles

Almond Growing in the South of Italy

FRANCESCO SOTTILE In Italy, the cultivation of nuts maintains a strategic role PROFESSOR AT UNIVERSITY OF in the economy of the agri-food sector, consolidating PALERMO, ITALY important market slices with different species. Almonds

Francesco Sottile is an associate professor keep playing a key role mostly in the south where at the University of Palermo in Italy. He it has always represented a link to the culture and is the Director of the Interdepartmental gastronomic tradition. Research Center Bio-based reuse of waste from agri-food matrices (RIVIVE). Sicily and Apulia remain the two areas with the greatest crop diffusion accounting [email protected] for more than 60,000 ha, underlining a strong dynamism of the sector that tries to keep quality standards for international interest. The only varietal types that are widespread today in Italy are the Mediterranean semi-hard-shell varieties with a fair spread, and even today, traditional and local hard-shell varieties. The Apulian self-fertile Tuono and Genco are the most widely diffused, often interspersed with some local germplasm cultivars destined to some unique industrial processing; for this purpose, Fascionello, Pizzuta d'Avola, Romana, Vinci a tutti, are the main local cultivars of Sicilian germplasm that still find space in the new . Almost unknown, the soft-shell cultivars and in few orchards, some of Spanish origin have been introduced, Vairo and Guara in particular. They have been introduced through the use of plants already grafted from nurseries and connected to Spanish commercial structures. These cultivars find excellent adaptability to the organic management which is increasing a lot in southern Italy. Regarding planting systems, the presence of a model that is now obsolete and difficult to compete with is still evident, but it is struggling to be completely replaced by a tangible sign of innovation towards a completely different model. Ultimately, there is a resumption of interest in the Italian almond sector, especially in Sicily, where for over ten years there has been a constant growth of commercial interest and there are many experiences of new investments even from large companies. These new orchards are experiencing that the almond grove benefits a lot from a specialized cultivation model, and with relevant productive and qualitative answers of great interest for the modern fruit growing. The most widespread innovative almond orchards range from 400 to 600 trees/ha, grafted on clonal or seed rootstocks, managed with drip irrigation or sub-irrigation, trained in order to allow the use of machines or mechanical aids for harvesting. The coexistence between two different models of almond cultivation is therefore still evident today; in areas without irrigation resources, there is still a strong tradition that requires the use of traditional management techniques, with lower planting densities and manual harvesting. The varietal platform is the same while the use of inputs is considerably different. There is very low interest in Sicily for high density orchards based on the Spanish model, while in Apulia a few hundred ha have been planted following this model. A recent study1, carried out in Sicily has analyzed different almond orchards in order to highlight both environmental and economic sustainability during the planting life. The study, with some results reported in table 1 and 2, underlined that, besides a greater environmental impact, the innovative plant model allows higher economic profitability than the traditional one, despite higher planting and operating costs. The environmental impact, however, remains substantially lower than that reported in the bibliography for alternative species, such as table grapes and citrus fruits, which have much higher water needs and crop management costs are not comparable.

28 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

Table 1 and 2. Data on almond profitability and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

Impact Category Unit Modern Traditional

Global warming kg CO2 eq. 0.22 0.18 Non-renewable energy MJ primary 6.53 2.95

IPCC GWP 100a kg CO2 eq. 0.23 0.18

First Harvest Full Production Last Year of Production Yield t ha -1 2.0 Yield t ha -1 4.8 Yield t ha -1 3.0

-1 -1 Modern planting Operational costs € ha 329,209 Operational costs € ha 5113.00 Operational costs € ha -1 5113.00 typology Total output € ha -1 3800.00 Total output € ha -1 9120.00 Total output € ha -1 5700.00 Gross margin € ha -1 507.91 Gross margin € ha -1 4297.00 Gross margin € ha -1 877.00 Yield t ha -1 0.8 Yield t ha -1 2.3 Yield t ha -1 1.5

-1 -1 Traditional planting Operational costs € ha 1876.02 Operational costs € ha 3207.72 Operational costs € ha -1 3207.72 typology Total output € ha -1 2470.00 Total output € ha -1 5520.00 Total output € ha -1 3600.00 Gross margin € ha -1 593.98 Gross margin € ha -1 2336.28 Gross margin € ha -1 466.28

Source: Sottile, F., Massaglia, S., & Peano, C. (2020). Ecological and Economic Indicators for the Evaluation of Almond ( dulcis L.) Orchard Renewal in Sicily. Agriculture, 10(7), 301.

One of the effects of this new interest in the almond tree All of this development takes concrete form in an activity sector is the resumption of research activities and prospects that considers the essential choices towards sustainable for aggregation. In the center of Sicily, the first Italian Almond agricultural models found in the Agenda 2030 and the Producers' Organization (La Mandorla soc. coop.) has been UN Sustainable Development Goals. They also take into developed, involving hundreds of mostly organic companies, consideration the indications of the Farm to Fork Strategy of with over 1500 ha of orchards processed and transformed, the European Commission. The production areas of Southern thanks to the presence of structures for the processing of the Italy allow for high quality levels of production without product starting from Bongiovanni Almonds Ltd. aflatoxins and it provides almonds that are suitable for food The University of Palermo supports scientific research processing, cosmetics and the . The also through the establishment of the Interdepartmental time of obsolete and traditional almond farming is over and Research Center for the ‘Bio-Based Re-use of waste from today we are working towards an organic, competitive and agri-food matrices’ that brings together researchers from the qualitatively excellent almond farming. production phase to processing. Recently the Sicilian Dried Fruit District was established, an aggregation tool that brings together over 100 Sicilian enterprises of almond, hazelnut, pistachio and carob with the aim of sharing the needs and requirements of innovation developed through industrial 1. Sottile, F., Massaglia, S., & Peano, C. (2020). Ecological and Economic Indicators for the Evaluation of Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) Orchard Renewal in Sicily. research projects and experimental development. Agriculture, 10(7), 301.

Nuts and Dried Fruits – Competence in Products, Analyses and Food Chain Control

Professional sampling at all Mycotoxins • Sensory Analysis • GMO process steps of the supply Nutrition Values • Pesticides • Micro- chain in over 100 countries biology • Contaminants • Food Fraud around the world and many more...

[email protected] www.eurofins.de

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 29 Feature Articles

Russian Pine Nuts Commodity Base & Real Export Potential

ANDREI MIKHAILENKO MANAGING PARTNER, RUSSIAN UNION OF WILD CROP COLLECTORS AND PROCESSORS

Andrei was born in Omsk, Siberia. He received his legal at the Omsk Law Academy, graduated master degree of international economic relationships in the Moscow State University of International Relationships of Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After graduation, he started his business in Russian agricultures export. In 2016 Andrei became a founder of “Siberian Pine Nuts” Company. The focus area is procurement, processing and export of pine nuts. In the current year, 2020, the company started a new production site for pine nuts processing. Morning in a Pine Forest (1889) by Ivan Shishkin & Konstantin Savitsky Also, in 2020, Andrei was elected as Managing Partner of the Noncommercial Partnership “Russian Union of Wild Crop is one of the brightest representatives of the Collectors and Processors”. wealth of Russian nature and, of course, a storehouse of useful elements. According to a study published in 2010 in the journal Food Technology1, pine nuts contain almost 65% of high-quality oil, easily digestible proteins (which include 19 amino acids, A, B1, B2, B3, E), and some of the most important macro- and microelements. Pine nut kernel contains B vitamins, vitamins E and K, as well as iron, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, copper and especially manganese. 100 grams of pine nuts satisfy one third of the daily protein requirement of the human body. There are 3 varieties of cedar growing in : Siberian The Russian Union of Wild Crop (Pinus Sibirica), Korean Pine () and Collectors and Processors is a non-profit Japanese Stone Pine (Pinus Pumila): organization founded in 2007 by leading • The area of growth of the Siberian Stone Pine is 29 million hectares in western and eastern Siberia, and central Altai; Russian producers and processors of the potential volume of harvesting is 80,000 tons per year. food forest resources, which currently • The growing area of the Korean Pine is 3 million hectares in unites companies involved in harvesting Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai, Jewish Autonomous and processing of wild products Region; the possible harvesting volume is 15,000 tons per year. throughout the Russian Federation. • The growing area of Japanese Stone Pine is 33 million The Union includes organizations that hectares in Eastern Siberia and Far East, possible specialize in developing production for harvesting volume per year is 5,000 tons. processing nuts, , , There are four leading countries in the world in terms of pine nuts raw material base: Russia, China, North and medicinal plants, etc. Currently there are Mongolia, and Russia possesses one of the largest pine nuts 40 members. raw material base.

Pine Nuts Raw Material Base* Country (Crop 2020/2021, Metric Tons) Russia 42,000 China 42,000 North Korea 35,000 * Pinus Sibirica & Pinus koraiensis, in-shell basis.

30 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

The key feature of the current state of organic wild crop collection to national raw material base – of the Russian pine nut market is that & production principles into the the largest in the world, with the about 85% of the crop exports to China Russian legislation. cheapest raw material prices and the in-shell. For example, of the 17 thousand Russian Wild Crop Union is a partner lowest export quote rates; tons of pine nuts collected in Russia in of the World Wide Fund for Nature and • financial guaranties & references 2019, 14 thousand tons or about 82% is aiming to become a partner of the by Russian federal bodies and were exported to China in-shell and FairWild Foundation in the near future. government corporations, such as 3 thousand tons or about 18% were Our plans include: the Ministry of Agriculture of the processed in Russia only. • to implement protection of pine Russian Federation, Russian Export Noncommercial Partnership forests from fires destruction & Centre, etc.; «Russian Wild Crop Union» was logging; • Union’s pine nuts processors are established in Russia in 2007. The main • to ensure rational use and harvesting able to cover raw material collection goals of the Union are: of pine nuts by tenants without totally and have highly modernized • revealing the resource potential of bureaucratic delays; production facilities, capable to renewable natural resources; • to ensure involvement of all forest process the entire volume of Russian • participation in the regulation of management entities into the raw material; the turnover of wild plants from process of using non-timber forest • organic feature of Russian origin pine harvesting to their deep processing; resources on a legal basis; nuts as a basis option, environmental • regulation of the trade turnover of • to return part of the value added protection, sustainable development wild plant products in the domestic from the use of pine trees resources & zero-waste processing are our and foreign markets; of Russia in the environmental and core values. • participation in lawmaking aimed social activities of the taiga regions. at the development of sustainable, The Russian Wild Crop Union aims

socially and environmentally to be a reliable partner for companies in 1. Палагина, М. В., & Приходько, Ю. В. (2010). responsible forest management; Europe. Competitive advantages of the Обоснование использования дальневосточных растений в качестве функциональных • also, Russian Wild Crop Union is Union's partners are: ингредиентов в технологии пищевых продуктов. Известия высших учебных заведений. Пищевая involved in the implementation • Union’s members have direct access технология, (4).

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 31 Feature Articles

Evolution of COVID-19 for the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry

The year 2020 has forever shaped and changed the way business is conducted around the world. As COVID-19 began to spread throughout the world in the early months of 2020, the ability to adapt in the face of uncertainty became of utmost importance. And now, in the last two months, it appears that COVID-19 has made itself a part of our lives for the foreseeable future. In the face of all the uncertainty and doubt, the nut and dried fruit business has had to do its best to adjust and remain strong. Starting in April, and every two weeks or so, the INC has posted a COVID-19 update to give members the latest information.

The start of the pandemic is hard to event, together with the interviews, 1. With lockdowns in place and determine with certainty, however, gave way to a clearer picture on just “panic” shopping from consumers, a throughout January, February, and the how COVID-19 had affected the nut significant rise in demand for nuts and beginning of March, the virus spread and dried fruit industry. dried fruits was observed across most mostly undetected and by the middle It was evident that the virus had countries. of March, the virus began to cripple the strained supply chains and threatened 2. With such an unprecedented global economy. Governments began employee safety throughout all levels global health crisis, consumers’ minds to take almost draconian measures to of the supply chain. Many companies have become more focused on healthy, fight back against the virus and with had to reevaluate how they conducted natural, and plant-based options. these actions, the world as we knew it business on-site, their production This shift in consumers’ preferences began to fade away. It is important to methods, and their ability to transition has catapulted the nut and dried fruit note that this overview does not reflect to a digital format of working. Global industry into the consumers’ baskets. the development in every region of the trading came to almost a complete halt Through the INC Webinar Series and world, but rather a generalized outline of and many businesses in the industry the interviews with the INC Leadership how the pandemic has evolved. had to adapt and find ways to navigate team (available in Nutfruit July 2020), the ever-evolving situation. there seemed to be a common thought: First Wave of COVID-19 Although the tension of COVID-19 the nut and dried fruit industry could The first wave of coronavirus was not was clearly seen in the sector, there and would prevail during this crisis. evenly spread throughout the globe, were a couple of points that acted as a with Asia getting hit hard early in 2020, light at the end of the tunnel: followed by Europe, then the Americas, and the rest of the world. However, by April, the virus had crippled the majority of the global economy. With the pandemic well underway in all parts of the world, the INC set out to interview members of its leadership team to give an update of how the virus had been affecting the nut and dried fruit industry. The interviews, conducted in June, coincided with the first ever INC Webinar Series which highlighted and gave information on each of the products under the INC umbrella. This

32 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

Recent Months and Evolution of the Pandemic Returning colder weather in the northern hemisphere has once again amplified the infection rate of COVID-19 and many countries, especially in Europe, and the Americas are seeing a return of rising cases, which in turn has led to increased restrictions. Although there is a resurgence of cases, several countries have opted for more localized lockdowns in contrast to the large-scale strict nationwide lockdowns observed early in the pandemic. For the nut and dried fruit industry, even though the The nut and dried health crisis continues to disrupt many parts of our lives, fruit industry will the sector as a whole has shown its capability to adapt, position itself to implement health protocols, navigate troubling supply chain issues, and most of all, push nuts and dried fruits to the succeed forefront of consumers’ minds and promote the products as the healthy product they are. COVID-19 Summer Slowdown As part of this effort, the INC has launched a new With the arrival of summer months in the northern dissemination campaign, "Real Power for Real People" which hemisphere, many regions of the world had drastically connects the "Real Power" gained from consuming nuts and reduced or were in a downward trend of coronavirus cases. dried fruits, to attitudinal immunity, an individuals capability By this time, there was also a clearer picture on what some to resist negativity. You can find more information on the of the effects would be. According to the OECD in late June, campaign at www.nutfruit.org/consumers/powerchallenge. the COVID-19 pandemic had triggered the most severe economic recession in nearly a century. A Look at What’s to Come for the Industry The severe economic recession coupled with steady While the future remains mostly unclear and difficult to infection rates prompted a slow and gradual reopening of predict, some things are evident, the industry must continue economies. By the June 25, 2020 INC COVID-19 Update, most to adapt, navigate, and persist during this unprecedented international borders had begun the process of reopening. public health crisis. Furthering these efforts, the INC has Although some regions and countries still faced rising organized the first ever online and international conference infections, late June, all of July, and most of August gave the for the entire industry. With a strong product lending itself world a much need breather in fighting the pandemic. towards healthy demand, applied safety measures during With some people returning to the workplace, factories harvesting, and cooperation, the nut and dried fruit industry and production sites began to operate in the most will position itself to succeed. unrestricted means since the pandemic had started. At this point in the pandemic, extensive economic stimulus plans had been approved in many countries around the world, and commonly found in recovery packages was support for the agriculture sector. These recovery packages were aimed at protecting industries deemed necessary, such as food and agriculture. Unfortunately, the brief summer slowdown of COVID-19 Stay up-to-date with the latest information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic by following the INC’s biweekly updates, which are available at was just that, brief. www.nutfruit.org/news.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 33

Country/Product Spotlight Pistachios & Iran

Industry Highlight An overview of production, trade, and consumption

Iran's Pistachio Industry in Perspective This country product spotlight is the third in a Behrooz Agah discusses the series of industry and market highlights in the Iranian Pistachio industry Nutfruit magazine. This report provides a snapshot of the pistachio industry in Iran with data, analysis, Pistachios and Health and trends. Additionally, there is an article on the Understanding pistachios and their industry in perspective, health findings, and new impact on health product launches. New Product Launches We would like to thank the Iranian Pistachio Association and Insights into new products that Behrooz Agah for their contribution in this edition. utilize pistachios

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 35 Country/Product Spotlight

Industry Highlight

Iranian Pistachio Industry in Numbers

+150,000 70 % 400,000 ha Growers Produced in small scale Under planting (estimated number) orchards (2 or less ha) (bearing & non-bearing)

Up to 7,000 MT/day 180,000 MT 80 % Processing capacity 10-year average production Supply exported (raw basis) (in-shell basis) (10-year average)

43 % 35,000 MT of world exports Annual domestic (in-shell equivalent, 10-year average) consumption (10-year average)

Production Pistacia vera L. is the only commercially- Figure 1. Iranian Pistachio Production (In-shell basis, Metric tons) important species within the genus Pistacia Sources: Iran Pistachio Association L. (Anacardiaceae family) with nuts large 250,000 enough to be consumed. Northern Iran, along with southern Turkmenistan and parts of , are the center of diversity of 200,000 1 230,000

pistachios . 225,000 216,000

Although pistachios have been cultivated 210,000 150,000 in Iran for thousands of years, commercial 195,000 180,000 183,000

production started to significantly increase 170,000 160,000

around a hundred years ago and has 100,000 153,000 been growing ever since. As of the 1970s pistachio commercial crop reached other 50,000 Mediterranean climatic regions around the world: California, Chile, and 52,000 Australia. 0 Iranian pistachios are characterized by 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2019/20 a high kernel to in-shell ratio, and a rich and 2018/19* 2020/21** unique flavor highly appreciated among *Exceptionally low crop in Iran due to extreme weather conditions **Forecast. consumers around the world. Besides, their polyunsaturated oil content gives pistachios According to Iran Pistachio Association (IPA), the demographics of great roasting capacity: nuts can be roasted at production structure in Iran is largely composed of small-scale producers, between 160 and 180°C . managing orchards of two hectares or less with manual harvest. Overall, there Currently, Iran along with California (USA) are over 400,000 hectares planted with pistachios, of which around 300,000 lead the marketable world supply of pistachios ha are bearing. Kerman Province, in Southern Iran accounts for 42% of total (Figure 1). Turkey, , , Afghanistan, acreage, equivalent to 185,000 ha. Great Khorasan and Yazd provinces add up to Spain, Australia, China and Italy are other 27% and 10% of the planted area, respectively. The rest of the growing areas are significant producing origins3. distributed among Fars (6%), Semnan (4%), and other provinces (11%) (Fig. 2).

1. Sheikhi A., A. M. (2019). Pistachio (Pistacia spp.). Breeding. In J. S. Al-Khayri J., Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Nut and Beverage . Springer, Cham. 2. Iran Pistachio Association (2020). 3. INC Database.

36 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Figure 2. Iranian Pistachio Growing Regions (Bearing and Non-bearing hectares) Source: Iran Pistachio Association

Qom 10,000 ha Tehran 8,000 ha

Ravazi Pistachio Iranian industry has grown Semman Khorasan 18,000 ha 95,000 ha spectacularly over the last 90 years: Production grew from 2,000 MT in 1930s Isfahan to 25,000 MT in 1970s, reaching 150,000 7,000 ha South Qazvin Khorasan MT by the end of the millennium. Current Yazd 18,000 ha 4,000 ha crop levels range between 150,000 MT in 43,000 ha off years and 230,000 MT in on years.

Kerman 185,000 ha Fars Commercial varieties in Iran are classified by Markazi 25,000 ha 11,000 ha shape: round and long. When the length to diameter ratio is greater than 1.5, then that variety is classified Sistan and as long, a ratio below 1.5 is called round. Baluchestan 8,000 ha Currently, there are four different commercial varieties of pistachios cultivated in Iran, as listed below4.

Figure 3. Main Commercial Varieties of Iranian Pistachio Nuts Source: Iran Pistachio Association. Pictures courtesy of IPA

Fandoghi Kalleh Ghouchi (Jumbo) Akbari Ahmad Aghaei

• 26/28-32/34 nut counts per • 18/20-24/26 nut counts per • 18/20-24/26 nut counts per • 22/24-28/30 nut counts per ounce ounce ounce ounce • Round-shaped • Round-shaped • Long-shaped and large nut size • Long-shaped • The most widely available • Sensitive to weather • High yield • Exceptional taste and • Limited yield fluctuations • Largest kernel to in-shell appearance weight ratio

Trade Among round cultivars, Fandoghi is the most widely available variety and is There are around a hundred pistachio still cultivated in traditional-producing regions of Iran. At present, it accounts export houses in Iran, from which, some are for around 50% of Iranian production. However, due to its limited yield, new dedicated pistachio exporters, while others orchards are rarely planted with this variety. trade other dried agricultural commodities Kalleh Ghouchi (Jumbo) was a commercially successful variety, but because in addition to pistachios. These established its production is highly affected by water shortage, water salinity and weather exporters, as a group, command about 95% fluctuations, Jumbo is no longer being budded and current production comes of total Iranian pistachio exports. Growers from existing trees. of pistachios, especially the medium to large As for long cultivars, Akbari acreage is expanding due to its higher yields sized ones, usually sell their products directly and large nut size. Besides, this variety presents the largest kernel to in-shell to the established export houses. weight ratio. As per the IPA data, over the last decade, Ahmad Aghaei is an increasingly in-demand commercial long variety. total Iranian pistachio annual exports Resembling the Kerman variety from the US, its production is growing as it has (marketing years, September 23-September become very popular in export markets like India due to its exceptional taste 22) ranged between 128,000 and 184,000 and appearance. MT in-shell equivalent, on average. As for the current marketing year, shipments from September 2019 through July 2020 have 4. Iran Pistachio Association (2020) been 152,000 MT (Fig. 4).

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 37 Country/Product Spotlight

On average (2010/11-2019/20 marketing years), around 80% of Iran’s total supply is exported, domestic consumption represents 20% (Fig. 4). Pistachio exports from Iran over the last ten years averaged 143,000 metric tons (in-shell equivalent). Most pistachio exports are raw, in bulk, at either one of the three Figure 4. Iranian Pistachio Exports and Domestic Consumption (In-shell equivalent, metric tons) following forms: open or closed dried in-shell, Source: Iran Pistachio Association kernels, and green peeled pistachio kernels Domestic International (Fig. 5). IPA data show that 75% of international 200,000

shipments were naturally open in-shell 175,000 pistachios (10-year average) while the 150,000 remaining 25% was distributed among closed 185,000 180,000 shells (11%), kernels (9%), Green Peeled 125,000 156,000 155,000

Pistachio Kernels (2%) and other forms (3%) 152,000 148,000

(Fig. 6). 100,000 139,000 134,000 Average global annual shipments during 128,000 75,000 the last 5-year period (marketing years 55,000 2014/15-2018/19) amounted to 120,700 50,000 MT. The main markets were the Far East, with 41% of the total share, followed by 25,000 36,000 33,000 32,500 34,000 46,100 42,000 33,000 37,000 10,000 30,000 the European Union (12%), the Middle East 0 (11%), the Indian Subcontinent (11%) and

the CIS countries (9%). The UAE and Turkey 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19* 2019/20** (re-export markets) accounted for 14% of the share (Fig. 7). *Exceptionally low supply due to extreme weather conditions ** September 2019-May 2020

Figure 5. Iranian Pistachio Exportable Products Source: Iran Pistachio Association. Pictures courtesy of IPA

Green Peeled Open In-shell Closed Shell Natural Kernel Pistachio Kernels Pistachio Oil Pistachio Paste (GPPK)

• Naturally open • Not naturally • Obtained mainly by • Obtained by • Obtained by cold- • Obtained by milling • Kernel yield 52- opened shelling closed-shell harvesting pistachios pressing pistachio roasted pistachio 57% • Mechanically pistachios before full ripening kernels kernels, weather or • Exported mostly as opened to produce • Mostly used as • Used as premium • For culinary and not sweetened raw dried, in bulk open pistachios ingredient in bakery, ingredient in pastries, cosmetic use • For culinary and • Also exported • or shelled to chocolate industry , ice cosmetic use roasted produce kernels and cooking creams and gourmet • Very long shelf life • Also used as a processed meat • For snack snack products consumption

Free Trade Agreements: On October 27, 2019, entered into force the Iran and Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) Interim Agreement. The full development of the Agreement is expected by 2022-2023. The Iran and Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement has been in effect since 2007. Iran is currently negotiating a 25-year strategic partnership agreement with China.

38 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Figure 6. Iranian Pistachio Exports by Product Type (%) Source: Iran Pistachio Association

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30% Open In-shell 20% Closed Shell Kernel 10% Green Peeled Pistachio Kernels and Split Kernels 0 Others

2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Sept-May

Figure 7: Iranian Pistachio Exports, Top Destinations. (In-shell equivalent, Metric tons, average 2014/15-2018/19) Source: Iran Pistachio Association CIS Countries 11,000 MT Kazakhstan 5,200 MT

EU 15 14,322 MT

Domestic Russia 2,600 MT 31,000 MT Germany 9,200 MT Far East 53,329 MT Turkey 5,200 MT China 31,800 MT 6,400 MT 2,600 MT Vietnam 20,500 MT Pakistan 4,800 MT Middle East UAE 14,200 MT 11,400 MT Re-Export Markets India (UAE & Turkey) 6,200 MT 16,600 MT Indian Subcontinent 13,200 MT

Consumption Trends Worldwide, naturally split in-shell pistachios are mostly consumed as a salted roasted snack and it is the consumer who shells the kernel before eating. In a smaller proportion, GPPKs are used as an ingredient by the food industry, such as the confectionary, chocolate, ice cream and gourmet processed meat industries. Pistachios have been traditionally considered a delicacy and in the industrial use, kernels and GPPKs are mostly added as an ingredient to give the product an aura of luxury. However, since the 1970s, pistachios have developed also into a widely available supermarket item to the general public5. Owing to the industry’s improved processing, packaging and distribution systems, along with the promotion of pistachios as a healthy snack, apart from the traditional ingredient market that keeps trending upwards, domestic pistachio in-shell consumption is also growing steadily. As per IPA, domestic consumption remains consistent. Ranging between 32,000 and 46,000 MT over the last decade, domestic consumption accounts on average for 20% of total supply (The remaining 80% stands for pistachio exports). 5. Iran Pistachio Association (2020)

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 39 Country/Product Spotlight Iran's Pistachio Industry in Perspective

BEHROOZ AGAH Pistachios have been valued by the aristocracy from to AGAH GROUP & IRAN PISTACHIO ASSOCIATION China since ancient times. In contrast to most other nuts, the hard shells of pistachio nuts split during the final stages of nut ripening, while still on the tree. The presence of such a cleft in Behrooz Agah is the grandson of the originator of the modern the shell facilitates the thorough flavoring of the kernel with international pistachio industry. His family’s involvement with salt and/or other , while the presence of the hard shell pistachios started about a 100 years ago. Behrooz is a third- around the kernel permits roasting at high temperatures so generation pistachio farmer/trader. He currently leads the Agah as to accentuate the exquisite aroma of the nut. The shelling Group, which has been producing and exporting pistachios from of open in-shell pistachio nuts by hand can be an engaging Iran to customers worldwide. Behrooz is a founding member of pastime. These features make pistachios unique and an Iran Pistachio Association and the INC Ambassador to Iran. exceptional snack. Significantly, raw dried in-shell pistachio nuts have an exceedingly long shelf life. Pistachios are also an exceptional Pistachio cultivation and trade source of healthy in the human . The unique date back to thousands of years flavor and color of the kernel makes pistachios an excellent choice of a topping or ingredient as a condiment. All these in Iran, with about a century of attributes have resulted in a rapid expansion of pistachio industrial production and export consumption throughout the world during the past 100 as an agricultural commodity. The years. Nevertheless, there remains a large portion of the global population that is not familiar with this nut and the unique organoleptic characteristics many different ways it can be consumed. Thus, there exists a of Iranian pistachio nuts make substantial untapped global market for the world's pistachio them versatile and universally industry. Iranian pistachios have unique attributes that make appreciated both as a snack and as them desirable for their international customers. The many an ingredient. pistachio nut varieties of Iranian origin have an intense taste-profile resulting from their higher oil content. A high oil content allows for roasting at higher temperatures, that

in turn brings out the unique flavor of Iranian pistachio nuts. Iranian pistachios come in many different varieties, shapes

and sizes. This gives consumers in different parts of the world with different preferences a wider choice. Another significant attribute of Iranian pistachios is a high meat content, on average, ten percent higher than other origins. At “ the commercial level, the large number of producers, buyers, exporters, and importers of Iranian pistachios makes for conditions of perfect competition in its market.

There is a substantial untapped global market for the world’s pistachio industry.

Iranian pistachio production trends for the past 10 years reveal a level of stability that will continue into the future. “The establishment of new plantations and improvements in horticultural practices in mature orchards will compensate for production decline in areas affected by water resource

40 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT decline. As a result, Iran's pistachio production is predicted to countries with different regulatory MLs and different qualities stand at an average of around 200,000 metric tons on a dried of their purchased raw materials. There is also a recent trend in-shell basis. Furthermore, increasing geographical diversity towards vertical integration among numerous players in all of production areas in Iran will result in less severe fluctuations three sectors of Iranian pistachio industry, namely: farming, of production volume from one year to the next. At the processing and trade, in order to guarantee quality and present, pistachios are cultivated in 27 of Iran’s 31 provinces. traceability from the farm to destination markets. The trend in new plantings, along with rejuvenation and Most pistachio exports from Iran are raw, in bulk, as dried

re- of existing orchards, is shifting the composition in-shell, natural kernels or green peeled pistachio kernels. of Iranian pistachio production from dominance of round to In-shell pistachios are consumed as a snack. However, natural

long varieties, specifically, Akbari and Ahmad-Aghayi. Hence, pistachio kernels can be consumed both as a snack or as an a continuing trend toward increasing availability and price ingredient in the food industry. Owing to a gradual decline of competitiveness of long varieties is expected in the near global pistachio prices from its peak in 2016, natural kernel future. “ shipments show a fast-growing trend in global markets. Green peeled pistachio kernels are used as an ingredient in foods, pastries, chocolates, ice creams and processed meat A continuing trend products, where a small quantity of the green kernel gives an aura of luxury and distinction to the product. Moreover, toward increasing availability pistachio oil which has found popular appeal as a natural and price competitiveness of ingredient in gourmet salad dressings and hypoallergenic cosmetics seems to have the potential for promotion in an long varieties is expected in expanding niche market for pistachio products. the near future. Meanwhile, Iran's pistachio industry is facing a number of challenges. The lock-downs in the aftermath of the COVID-19 “ pandemic resulted in a reduction in processing capacities, There has been significant progress on aflatoxin and in addition to disrupting the flow of pistachios through pesticide residue control in different sectors of Iran's pistachio sales channels in different markets. Although pistachio industry. At the grower level, numerous improvements such as consumption in most countries was not drastically affected conversion from flood to drip irrigation, exponential increase by the coronavirus pandemic, the unprecedented nature in the technical know-how of small farmers with the advent of of the issue and the uncertainty of longer-term general social-media conduits, application of residue-free pesticides, economic outlook seems to be the main concern. Iranian improvements in agricultural practices, plus timely and speedy pistachio exporters are also facing foreign trade and banking harvest have been major contributors. Improved awareness restrictions resulting from the unilateral US sanctions against of pistachio processors has resulted in much better control the country. Furthermore, in the absence of the country’s oil of aflatoxin contamination during the fresh processing phase. and gas revenue due to sanctions, the government of Iran has On another front, currently a number of Iranian processing imposed regulations on the handling and return of all foreign companies possess the most globally-advanced know-how currency proceeds from exports, which has created several for reducing aflatoxin contamination in commercial pistachio challenges for Iranian pistachio exporters. However, it is hoped nut consignments. Furthermore, Iranian pistachio exporters that these latter challenges will be resolved soon with a shift in have become more experienced in matching the different the political atmosphere. needs and product specifications of importers in various

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 41 Country/Product Spotlight

Health Benefits of Pistachios

Pistachio nuts have a delicious flavor

and a high nutritional value, being high In one study, results indicated that polyphenols from in monounsaturated , fiber, thiamin pistachios are effective against herpes simplex virus and vitamin B6, and minerals such as type 1. This study concluded that the antiviral effects of pistachio extracts are the result of a balance of the individual phosphorus, potassium, copper and polyphenolic components () that in combination manganese. They are also a source of exert the anti-viral activity10. protein, riboflavin, vitamins A, E and This research was also funded by the American Pistachio Growers. K, as well as other minerals like iron, magnesium, zinc and selenium1,2. Melatonin and Sleep Quality Throughout the world, problems with sleeplessness are a concern for many and melatonin, a natural hormone, can be Nutrition Research beneficial for the sleep quality of an individual. Furthermore, Research on the health benefits of pistachios is quite melatonin can exhibit many other health benefits such as extensive. Within the past couple of years, there has been an activity and anti-inflammatory properties, which abundance of research explaining how pistachios can have help boost immunity. Melatonin also displays anti-cancer positive health effects in areas such as: weight loss3, herpes activity, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetic, anti-obese, virus4, sleep quality5, protein6, diabetes7, and cellular ageing8. neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. In a study from 2017, pistachios were found to contain Weight Loss melatonin. The results showed that pistachios contained is a growing issue in many parts of the world. As about 660 ng melatonin per gram of pistachio11. These results obesity continues to increase, individuals are faced with are positive for an individual who is looking to increase their increased health risks and diseases. Therefore, consumption levels of melatonin through a natural supplement. and pistachio intake has been of interest for researchers. In a recent behavioral intervention study with a hundred Quality Protein subjects, researchers aimed to identify what effect on weight As gastronomical trends shift, plant-based protein is poised to loss in overweight or obese adults, increased pistachio be one of the largest growing trends among consumers. Along consumption may have. The study concluded that pistachio with an increased focus on sustainability and the ecosystem, intake at 42 g/day equivalent to 1.5 oz/day may contribute to the plant-based protein movement has been advanced further a healthy dietary pattern and weight reduction in the context by increased interest in vegan and vegetarian diets. of an energy-restricted diet, and may confer additional health A study published in the Journal of The Science of Food and benefits such as reduced blood pressure3. Agriculture in 2020 found that pistachios contained “good” Moreover, in another publication, researchers concluded quality protein. The protein quality of a food is determined by that the daily intake of pistachios (44 g) may help improve the protein digestibility corrected score (PDCAAS), nutrient intake without affecting body weight or body and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS). composition in healthy women. In the report, both raw and roasted pistachios scored The additional calories provided by the pistachios induced above the threshold of 75, indicating that they are both satiety and sufficient adjustment of intake to prevent body sources of “good” quality protein12. weight changes9. Both studies were funded by the American Pistachio Diabetes Growers association. Pistachios have a glucose- and -lowering effect, so they may help reduce blood sugar levels13. Eating pistachios every Antiviral Properties day may also improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in Aside from weight loss, researchers have also observed the adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes14. relation between pistachios and herpes simplex virus type 1. A 2017 study showed that an early dietary intervention Herpes is a viral infection that is quite common among adults in pregnant women with a supplemented and although it is uncurable, there are polyphenols that can with extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduced the incidence have antiviral effects. of Gestational diabetes mellitus15.

42 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Pistachios

1. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy Release April, 2018. 2. Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. 3. Rock, C. L., Zunshine, E., Nguyen, H. T., Perez, A. O., Zoumas, C., Pakiz, B., & White, M. M. (2020). Effects of Pistachio Consumption in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention on Weight Change, Cardiometabolic Factors, and Dietary Intake. Nutrients, 12(7), 2155. 4. Musarra-Pizzo, M., Pennisi, R., Ben-Amor, I., Smeriglio, A., Mandalari, G., & Sciortino, M. T. (2020). In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios Kernels (Pistacia vera L.). Plants, 9(2), 267. 5. Meng, W. et al. Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Nutrients, 2017. 6. Bailey, H. M., & Stein, H. H. (2020). Raw and roasted pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L) are "Good" KEY FACTS sources of protein based on their digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) as determined in pigs. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 7. Assaf-Balut, C., de la Torre, N. G., Durán, A., Fuentes, M., Bordiú, E., del Valle, L., CHOLESTEROL ... & Izquierdo, N. (2017). A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): Several scientific studies have observed A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study. PloS one, an association between the intake of 12(10), e0185873. 8. Canudas, S., Hernández-Alonso, P., Galié, S., Muralidharan, pistachios and the reduction of blood J., Morell-Azanza, L., Zalba, G., ... & Bulló, M. (2019). Pistachio consumption levels of cholesterol, specifically LDL “bad” modulates DNA oxidation and genes related to telomere maintenance: a crossover randomized clinical trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, cholesterol. 109(6), 1738-1745. 9. Fantino, M., Bichard, C., Mistretta, F., & Bellisle, F. (2020). Daily consumption of pistachios over 12 weeks improves dietary profile without increasing body weight in healthy women: A randomized controlled intervention. DIABETES Appetite, 144, 104483. 10. Musarra-Pizzo, M., Pennisi, R., Ben-Amor, I., Smeriglio, Further research has shown that daily A., Mandalari, G., & Sciortino, M. T. (2020). In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from pistachio consumption can also improve Pistachios Kernels (Pistacia vera L.). Plants, 9(2), 267. 11. Meng, W. et al. Dietary some cardiometabolic risk factors in adults Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Nutrients, 2017. 12. Bailey, H. M., & Stein, with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. H. H. (2020). Raw and roasted pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L) are "Good" sources of protein based on their digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) as determined in pigs. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 13. Kendall, C. W. C., Josse, A. R., Esfahani, A., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2011). The impact of pistachio HIGH IN: Pistachios are high in monounsaturated , fiber, thiamin intake alone or in combination with high- foods on post-prandial and vitamin B6, and minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, glycemia. European journal of clinical nutrition, 65(6), 696. 14. Sauder, K. A., McCrea, C. E., Ulbrecht, J. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., & West, S. G. (2015). Effects of copper and manganese. pistachios on the lipid/lipoprotein profile, glycemic control, inflammation, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial. Metabolism, 64(11), SOURCE OF: Pistachios are a source of protein, riboflavin, vitamins 1521-1529. 15. Assaf-Balut, C., de la Torre, N. G., Durán, A., Fuentes, M., Bordiú, A, E and K, as well as other minerals as iron, magnesium, zinc and E., del Valle, L., ... & Izquierdo, N. (2017). A Mediterranean diet with additional selenium. extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study. PloS one, 12(10), e0185873.

Toast with Pistachio Mascarpone and Dried Figs

Ingredients Preparation • 2 whole-wheat toasts First, in a blender, add the mascarpone and one handful of pistachios and • 125 g mascarpone mix until the cream is homogeneous. Then toast the and spread • Pistachios (1.5 handfuls) the pistachio mascarpone on it. Finally, cut the dried figs into four pieces, • 4 dried figs place them on the bread and sprinkle some chopped pistachios on top.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 43 Country/Product Spotlight

New Product Launches

Over the years, pistachios have become valued as a snack throughout the world, but more recently, alternative uses of pistachios have emerged. Pistachios can be found now in a wide array of forms. Baking and confectionary uses are extremely common and as more consumers become health-conscious, pistachios are well established in these markets. When used in baking and confectionary, pistachios give a delicious nutty and sometimes sweet flavor. As the health benefits of pistachios spread, companies continue to invest in new product development and innovation for pistachios. Below are some products that Pistachio oil: have been launched from various parts of the world. Pistachio oil, which is extracted from the nut, has been used in various products ranging from spreads to skincare.

Nooha Pistachio Chef’s Choice Angel Specialty’s Van der Linden’s Butter (Iran): Natural Pistachio Flavor Delights! Pistachio Cream Nooha Pistachio Butter Extract (Australia): Pistachio Powder (Netherlands) is a pleasant product Chef’s Choice Natural (USA) A delicate spread in which which contains 65% Pistachio Extract is all This pistachio powder will the distinctive flavor of the pure Iranian pistachio. natural and excellent in increase the variety of nuts is smooth and balanced. In addition to the baked goods, beverages your baking creations with Perfect as an alternative to unique properties of and ice cream. It is a authentic, tasty, high quality conventional spreads and pistachio, this product versatile extract with sweet flavors. Simple and easy way also ideal to desserts has a pleasant flavor too. nutty tones that add a to add the nutty and sweet with a touch of original flavor. https://nooha.ir/en/ variety of flavors. Simply flavor of pistachios to your https:// add a splash to your favorite choice of dry bakery mixes vanderlindenproducts.com/ recipes. or custom recipes. https:// https:// premiumgourmetfood. angelspecialtyproducts. com.au/ com/

44 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 45 Why does the world come to REASON NO. 4 California News An established product needs up-to-date news to make new sales. Only California Prunes regularly brings something new to the for prunes? industry to promote, like our recent research that suggests eating five to six California Prunes a day may help support healthy bones.

But that’s just one reason. Choose California Prunes for yours.

CaliforniaPrunes.org | @ CAforPrunes Why does the world come to REASON NO. 4 California News An established product needs up-to-date news to make new sales. Only California Prunes regularly brings something new to the for prunes? industry to promote, like our recent research that suggests eating five to six California Prunes a day may help support healthy bones.

But that’s just one reason. Choose California Prunes for yours.

CaliforniaPrunes.org | @ CAforPrunes Health News Growth of Plant-based Protein

PHD STUDENT JANANEE MURALIDHARAN AND PROF. JORDI SALAS-SALVADÓ

Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health

Sciences, IISPV Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain).

CIBER Obesity and Nutrition Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid (Spain). Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó

A growing public health and “ environmental concern has led to a shift towards a more plant-based diet. Within this movement, protein has The future will be been a key target for change. plant-based.

The majority of protein intake comes from animal sources Plant-based protein sources such as nuts, , and including meat, eggs, and dairy, all of which also contribute to soy have all shown anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering higher greenhouse gas emissions and an environmental impact. properties(4). and , two amino acids from animal Data has shown that vegetarian alternatives of cheese, meat and plant protein sources, have also shown the potential to and fish may impact the environment less(1). “play a role in the regulation of blood lipids. However, there are Health concerns are another key reason for shifting towards several hypothesized negative impacts of consuming animal plant-based protein sources. Different types of proteins, from protein(5). Lysine, which is more prevalent in animal proteins various sources each have different effects on health. Studies has been shown to increase cholesterol levels in animal trials. report that the slope of protein consumption in the Western In contrast, arginine, which is found more commonly in plant population is as the following: meat-eaters > fish-eaters > proteins, has been shown to have the opposite effect(5,6) and lacto-ovo-vegetarians > vegans(2). Contrary to the common has beneficial effects on endothelium. Similarly, carnitine, misconception of not having a complete set of essential amino commonly obtained from meat and dairy, has also been acids from plant-based proteins, it has been emphasized that associated with the development of metabolic diseases including protein from diverse plant sources such as grains, through the formation of acylcarnitine(7). Another potential nuts, legumes, and soy could help reach the necessary amino mechanism by which protein could have different effects acid requirements(3). Including diverse plant-based foods depending on the source is via gut microbiota modulation which not only gives consumers amino acids, but it provides other has shown to affect metabolism. nutrients such as fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals (3). Legumes and pulses are also interesting plant-based In the case of animal protein, nutrients such as saturated fatty protein sources that provide up to 15-30% of their energy acids and cholesterol are also provided and these have been to protein(8). Moreover, legumes with their rich nutritional proven to have negative health effects. composition of bioactive compounds, have been shown to have

48 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT

Health News

Even though a complete “ change towards a plant-based diet might be a personal choice, moving towards a less animal- based diet would be an ethical and “nutritional recommended option.

protective effects against cholesterol prevention of , opportunity to the food industry to and cancer(9). On the other hand, meat showed that increased frequency of nut explore the versatility of nuts, legumes, consumption has been associated with consumption is significantly associated soy and pulses as plant-based substitutes increased risks of cardiovascular and with reduced mortality in populations for animal-based products. Since 2015, cancer mortality(10,11). In an 11-year long with high cardiovascular risks. A meta- and up to 2019, over 4,400 products Melbourne Collaborative Cohort, it was analysis looking at 25 observational have been launched worldwide as seen that red meat, or chicken intake studies and two trials, including 14,449 alternatives to animal-based products(16). was positively associated with metabolic diabetic incidents, reported that 4-weeks Furthermore, it is important for the syndrome (a constellation of metabolic of consuming 28.4 g of nuts is associated regulatory bodies to stay up-to-date with disorders associated to abdominal with 12% decrease in risk for diabetes(13). the growth of plant-based proteins so obesity) incidence, whereas legumes and This effect is observed through its dose- they can to provide the consumers with nuts had an inverse association with the dependent and lipid lowering potential clear information and allow them to make incidence of this syndrome(12). They also for people with higher LDL-c level (14). Nut an informed decision. Overall, in addition observed that a 5% increase in animal consumption is also associated with a to the growing alternative protein market protein intake, was associated with a 0.97 lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes replacing meat and dairy products, cm increase in waist circumference and in some, but not all observational studies, consuming natural plant-protein sources a 0.97 mmHg increase in systolic blood and a decrease in insulin resistance such as legumes, nuts and pulses would pressure. through clinical trials. High fiber and be a convenient choice for consumers. Nuts are nutrient dense plant protein magnesium composition in nuts is a Even though a complete change towards sources that have shown consistent possible cause of decreased insulin a plant-based diet might be a personal benefits in reducing coronary heart resistance(15). choice, moving towards a less animal- disease. The PREDIMED study, a large The growing interest in plant- based diet would be an ethical and randomized control trial for the primary based proteins has given a significant nutritional recommended option.

References 1. Reijnders L, Soret S. Quantification of the environmental impact of different dietary protein choices. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2003 Sep 1;78(3):664S-668S. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.664S 2. Sobiecki JG, Appleby PN, Bradbury KE, Key TJ. High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford study. Nutr Res. 2016 May;36(5):464–77. 3. Mariotti F. Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2019 Nov 1;10(Supplement_4):S351–66. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1093/advances/nmy110 4. S. LS, Sonia BM, Lyubov L, E. SS, Effie V, Vanessa H, et al. Effect of Plant Protein on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2020 Sep 22;6(12):e006659. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006659 5. Sánchez A, Rubano DA, Shavlik GW, Hubbard R, Horning MC. Cholesterolemic effects of the lysine/arginine ratio in rabbits after initial early growth. Arch Latinoam Nutr [Internet]. 1988;38(2):229–38. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/3155291 6. Kurowska EM, Carroll KK. Effect of high levels of selected dietary essential amino acids on hypercholesterolemia and down-regulation of hepatic LDL receptors in rabbits. Biochim Biophys Acta - Lipids Lipid Metab [Internet]. 1992;1126(2):185–91. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005276092902898 7. Guasch-Ferré M, Ruiz-Canela M, Li J, Zheng Y, Bulló M, Wang DD, et al. Plasma Acylcarnitines and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2019 May 1;104(5):1508–19. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01000 8. Messina V. Nutritional and health benefits of dried beans. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2014 Jul 1;100(suppl_1):437S- 442S. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.071472 9. Kalogeropoulos N, Chiou A, Ioannou M, Karathanos VT, Hassapidou M, Andrikopoulos NK. Nutritional evaluation and bioactive microconstituents (phytosterols, , polyphenols, triterpenic acids) in cooked dry legumes usually consumed in the Mediterranean countries. Food Chem [Internet]. 2010;121(3):682–90. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814610000452 10. Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM, Schulze MB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies. Arch Intern Med [Internet]. 2012/03/12. 2012 Apr 9;172(7):555–63. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22412075 11. Snowdon DA. Animal product consumption and mortality because of all causes combined, coronary heart disease, , diabetes, and cancer in Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Sep;48(3 Suppl):739–48. 12. Shang X, Scott D, Hodge A, English DR, Giles GG, Ebeling PR, et al. Dietary protein from different food sources, incident metabolic syndrome and changes in its components: An 11-year longitudinal study in healthy community-dwelling adults. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2017 Dec 1;36(6):1540–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.024 13. Afshin A, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Mozaffarian D. Consumption of nuts and legumes and risk of incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2014 Jul 1;100(1):278–88. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.076901 14. Sabaté J, Oda K, Ros E. Nut Consumption and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pooled Analysis of 25 Intervention Trials. Arch Intern Med [Internet]. 2010 May 10;170(9):821–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/ archinternmed.2010.79 15. Jiang R, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Liu S, Willett WC, Hu FB. Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2002 Nov;288(20):2554–60. 16. Mintel GNDP. Mintel Global New Product Database- Meat Substitutes. London, UK; 2019.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 49 Health News

New Scientific Studies

Snacking on whole almonds instead of typical snacks may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) partly by ameliorating the suppression of heart rate variability during periods of mental stress. This is the conclusion of the study “Snacking on Whole Almonds for Six Weeks Increases Heart Rate Variability during Snacking Almonds Mental Stress in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial” published recently in the journal Nutrients. May Help Reduce the Low heart rate variability, which can be induced by mental stress, is a predictor of risk of sudden cardiac death. Risk of Cardiovascular Researchers form the King’s College London investigated the impact of almond consumption on heart rate variability. Disease Results showed that snacking on whole almonds instead of muffins may improve heart rate variability parameters, Dikariyanto, V., Smith, L., Chowienczyk, P. J., , S. E., & and therefore improve cardiac function. Researchers also Hall, W. L. (2020). conclude that incorporating tree nuts as daily snacks is Snacking on Whole Almonds for Six Weeks Increases encouraged as a positive lifestyle change that may enhance Heart Rate Variability during Mental Stress in Healthy cardiovascular health. Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. This research was funded by the Almond Board of Nutrients, 12(6), 1828. California and Endowment Fund for Education.

This review summarizes recent scientific studies and existing recommendations from national and international nutrition agencies on an optimal diet, vitamin and mineral supplementation, and good hygiene practices for food preparation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients such as zinc and vitamins A, C and D have been mentioned by several nutrition guidelines to play a key role in optimizing the immune system. Adequate intakes of these micronutrients may be obtained by a daily diet that includes lean meat, fish, lentils and beans, dairy foods, nuts, seeds, eggs, citrus fruits and vegetables. can be also obtained through exposure of the skin to the sun. On the other hand, unsaturated (monounsaturated and Dietary polyunsaturated) fatty acids are known for their favorable immune-modulatory action. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty Recommendations acids, present in walnuts, seafood, algal oil, marine fish and during COVID-19 flaxseed may support the immune system, while omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids found in olive, sunflower, and safflower oils and nuts may have antioxidant, antimicrobial and de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani, C., Corgosinho, F. C., Sanches, antiviral effects. F. L. F. Z., Prado, C. M. M., Laviano, A., & Mota, J. F. (2020). In their discussion of nutritional recommendations during Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 COVID-19 quarantine, the role of was highlighted in pandemic. the regulation of satiety and caloric intake, suggesting protein- Nutrition Reviews. rich foods such as dairy, seeds and nuts as good sources.

50 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Health News

Efficacy and Safety of Walnut Consumption New Oral Immunotherapy and Cognitive Function Drug on Peanut Allergies in Older Adults

Hourihane, J. O. B., Beyer, K., Abbas, A., Fernández-Rivas, M., Bishop, N. J., & Zuniga, K. E. (2020). Turner, P. J., Blumchen, K., ... & Sharma, V. (2020). Investigating walnut consumption and cognitive trajectories Efficacy and safety of oral immunotherapy with AR101 in in a representative sample of older US adults. European children with a peanut (ARTEMIS): Public Health Nutrition, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/ a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo- S1368980020001287 controlled phase 3 trial. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. A new study published in Public Health Nutrition explored the relationship between walnut consumption and the cognitive Researchers have published a study in the journal The function, focusing on an older population. Past research has Lancet Child & Adolescent Health that examined the efficacy shown that walnut consumption may be associated with and safety of a new oral biologic drug called AR101 against better overall cognitive function, however, few studies have peanut allergies. The trial was conducted in several countries utilized longitudinal data from observational studies of ageing across Europe with a focus on children with peanut allergies populations. aged 4 to 17 years. The results of the study found that those individuals who At the end of the trial, the researchers found that 58% consumed walnuts showed higher cognitive scores at the of the individuals in the control group tolerated 1000mg of baseline compared to those who did not consume walnuts. peanut protein versus 2% of the individuals in the placebo However, although there was an association between group. Although adverse events were report by almost all walnut consumption and better cognitive scores, it was not of the individuals, the severity level for most participants in associated with cognitive change over a 4-year observational both groups were mild or moderate. In conclusion, AR101 period. oral immunotherapy treatment led to a desensitization to peanut protein and provided a predictable safety profile.

The purpose of this study, recently published in the journal Nutrients, was to examine the effect of pistachio nut consumption in overweight/obese adults. The study involved 100 participants over a four month period. Effects of Pistachio Researchers observed that regular pistachio consumption was associated with weight loss, and similar reductions in body Consumption in a mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, in overweight/ obese adults compared to the control group, and favorable Behavioral Weight Loss changes in the diet were observed. In conclusion, pistachios may contribute to a healthy Intervention dietary pattern and weight reduction in the context of an energy-restricted diet in a behavioral intervention, and may Rock, C. L., Zunshine, E., Nguyen, H. T., Perez, A. O., confer additional health benefits such as a reduction of blood Zoumas, C., Pakiz, B., & White, M. M. (2020). pressure. Additionally, regular pistachio consumption has Effects of Pistachio Consumption in a Behavioral Weight been associated with healthful shifts in dietary intake and food Loss Intervention on Weight Change, Cardiometabolic choices. Factors, and Dietary Intake. This research was funded by the American Pistachio Nutrients, 12(7), 2155. Growers.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 51 A Chat with the Industry

FRASER SCOTT Agribusiness Development Manager, Ferrero Hazelnut Company, Luxembourg

Ferrero Hazelnut Company (HCo) was set up in 2015 as a division within Ferrero as an example within the hazelnut industry of a “fully integrated value chain” company, with the aim to unite all hazelnut value chain activities under one structure. HCo leverages on its own farms, and operates in agricultural research and innovation, processing, industrial quality, as well as procurement and B2B activities. Mr. Fraser Scott currently serves as the Agribusiness Development Manager for HCo.

As the Agribusiness is focused on the monitoring and hazelnuts without the use of inorganic Development Manager for implementation of Integrated Pest inputs. We are also collaborating with Ferrero Hazelnut Company, Management strategies against a number of universities to enable are there any new innovative the brown marmorated stink bug research into the understanding of the projects or plans that you (Halyomorpha halys), and we are development of new varieties that are would like to mention or engaging with other stakeholders more resistant to climatic conditions. highlight? to share our knowledge and discuss One of my responsibilities, as Head of options to address this topic, including Sustainability is a continuously the Ferrero Agri Competence Center biological controls. Another example is growing important topic through which we deploy our knowledge in Australia, where, in partnership with a in agriculture. What steps and experience in hazelnut cultivation, national research agency, we have just are Ferrero Hazelnut is to improve quality, productivity begun a project that aims to develop our Company taking to increase and enhance sustainability in all the understanding of how to optimize water sustainability in their geographies in which we operate. Our usage and its impact on hazelnuts trees operations and the existing Agri Competence Center is organised in different conditions with the objective value chains? under six streams of research, each led of continuing to enhance Good Our own farms located in , by a subject matter expert, and within Agricultural Practices through this new Chile, Georgia, Serbia, South Africa and each stream are a number of projects. knowledge. Furthermore, in our farm in Australia, are key to reaching farmers For example, one of our projects Chile, we are trialing a method to grow and sharing with them Good Agricultural

52 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT A Chat with the Industry

Practices and supporting the sustainable development of the sector. In fact, our farms in Chile and Serbia have been certified under the Sustainably Grown standard, an accredited certification program. It provides assurance that hazelnuts meet several environmental standards, that farm workers and farm communities are protected and engaged, and that the farm is economically resilient. We believe that partnerships are essential to achieving our goals in terms of environmental sustainability and this is one of the key pillars of our Supplier Code, to which all of our suppliers are expected to adhere. In our work in this area we are leveraging on innovation such as the adoption of precision agriculture. For example, we are supporting and participating in a project with the European Commission and in collaboration with several European together with good growing conditions can enable a universities. The project is based on a system of drones and successful harvest. The foremost and most significant priority ground robots to collect data and perform farming operations in these continually evolving circumstances is protecting tree by tree, with the aim of improving quality while minimizing people throughout the value chain. the environmental impact. In our pursuit of having our own farms be the illustration of best practice, our aim going Do you foresee any long-term changes or forward is to work towards demonstrating the benefits of challenges for the hazelnut industry caused by Regenerative Agriculture in developing our sustainable COVID-19? approaches to hazelnut cultivation. The key for everyone involved in hazelnuts is having a business that allows long-term economic and sustainable production Regarding the AgriBusiness Development of that enables the whole value chain to deliver quality hazelnuts hazelnuts, what steps are being taken to increase to consumers. There will no doubt be the need for greater the quality or quality standards of hazelnuts? flexibility to be able to adapt actions accordingly and this Through our Agri Competence Center, a lot of our work may change the way some businesses operate in order to is focused on quality. Two of the main factors that affect ensure the health and safety of people. However, consumer the quality of our nuts are rot and pest damage (known as expectations are increasing and our challenge from an “cimiciato”). To understand how such problems manifest agricultural point of view will be to research and develop themselves in the hazelnuts requires extensive collaboration sustainable programs that continue to ensure the potential of with our partners in universities and institutions, to help us to the hazelnut tree for the future. firstly understand how these problems occur, and then aim to put programs in place to reduce the risk. A good example is the What value do hazelnuts bring to the work we are involved with in relation to the brown marmorated confectionary industry and what makes stink bug to monitor in country populations of this most hazelnuts so incredibly popular with chocolate? damaging of pests for many agricultural crops, with programs Hazelnuts are a versatile ingredient available in many that focus on the correct timings of any applications, enabling forms from raw, roasted or ground into a paste. They offer farmers to reduce their use of inputs. We have also been a rich, premium and distinctive taste, as well as providing supporting the work of public authorities in Italy and Turkey as a positive nutritional role thanks to their antioxidants and they explore methods for biological control with the samurai micronutrients. When blended with chocolate, the hazelnut wasp (Trissolcus japonicus) to address this issue. accentuates the experience whilst still retaining its unique characteristics. Our products require hazelnuts with a very In your opinion, how has the COVID-19 precise quality to ensure excellence in taste, aroma and pandemic affected production, international texture for our consumers. trade, or any other aspect of the hazelnut industry? Where do you see the worldwide hazelnut Covid-19 has naturally impacted everyone to some extent. marketing in the next 10 years? Despite this unprecedented situation it seems that farmers It is likely that the demand for nuts in general will follow current have on the whole been able to manage their crops well and positive trends and that the popularity of hazelnuts will remain the impacts on hazelnuts have been minimal. Thankfully, consistent. However, the unforeseen circumstances brought farmers throughout the world have a great capacity to adapt about by Covid-19 and its unpredictable evolution of course and to ensure the health of their crops, and this experience makes any forecasts more difficult than normal.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 53 INC Congress

Come Together Once Again with the Nut & Dried Fruit Industry for the Must-Not Miss Event of the Sector!

54 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC Congress

Sponsors Strengthen your brand, expand your reputation and take advantage of an environment fully oriented to the nut and dried fruit business. Take a sponsorship opportunity and ensure your brand is seen by 1,000+ world-class industry leaders and professionals.

We thank our sponsors and exhibitors for their ongoing support. www.nutfruitcongress.org

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 55 56 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

INC Online Conference 2020

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM This signature event, taking place November 17 November 17-19, 2020, provides Chaired by Mark Jansen, Blue Diamond Growers, USA • Almonds: Laura Gerhard, Blue Diamond Growers, USA participants with the latest • Walnuts: John Aguiar, Mariani Nut Company, USA industry updates, the opportunity • Cashews: Scott Easterwood, Flagstone Foods, USA AMERICAS WORKING • Pistachios: Mike Hohmann, The Wonderful Company, USA to network among international GROUP • Hazelnuts: Sean Denfeld, Denfeld Packing Inc., USA peers, and the ability to discover 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm (CET) • Pecans: Dick Walden, The Green Valley Pecan, USA • Brazil nuts: David Rosenblatt, The Richard Franco Agency, USA new business opportunities. • Peanuts: Jamie Brown, Olam Peanut Shelling Co., USA The conference features leading • Dried fruits: Mark Mariani, Mariani Packing, USA industry experts, respected Chaired by Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, INC World Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination keynote speakers, a virtual 3D • Dr. Cyril Kendall, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, exhibition hall, and much more! University of Toronto, Canada. “Nuts and dried fruits in the prevention and NUTRITION & treatment of diabetes: What we know?” RESEARCH WEBINAR • Dr. Hana Kahleova, Director, Clinical Research, Physicians Committee for 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm (CET) Responsible Medicine, USA With three working groups representing • Dr. Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga IBIMA- all regions of the world, led by 27 FIMABIS, Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Spain. “Nuts, Mediterranean industry experts and speeches from diet and aging” international respected Keynote November 18 Speakers such as Javier Solana, Alan Chaired by Vincent Rieckmann, ATCO, Germany Oster and Haim , this conference • Almonds: Josep Arques, Borges, Spain • Walnuts: Alessandro Annibali, New Factor S.P.A., Italy is the must-not-miss event for the nut EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST • Cashews: Vincent Rieckmann, ATCO, Germany and dried fruit industry! The working & AFRICA WORKING • Pistachios: Behrooz Agah, Iran Pistachio Association, Iran GROUP • Hazelnuts: Hasan Sabir, Sabirlar Findik Ltd. Sti., Turkey groups highlight and give updates on 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm (CET) • Macadamias: Alan Sutton, Sabie Valley Macadamia, South Africa production, consumption, and general • Pine nuts: Riccardo Calcagni, Besana Nut Company, Italy market information for each product • Peanuts: Guillermo Feo, Importaco, Spain • Dried fruits: Osman Oz, Anatolia AS, Turkey under the INC umbrella for each region, Chaired by Pino Calcagni, INC Sustainability, Scientific and Government the Americas, Europe, Middle East, Affairs Committee Africa, Asia, and Oceania. • Maciej Golubiewski, Head of Cabinet of Commissioner for Agriculture, SCIENTIFIC & European Commission. “Towards a more sustainable EU: The European Green Moreover, the event features REGULATORY WEBINAR Deal and Farm to Fork Strategy” insightful seminars and knowledge 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm (CET) • John Carter, Area Europe Quality Director, Ferrero, Luxembourg sessions, such as the Nutrition • Diane Holdorf, Managing Director, Food & Nature, World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), Switzerland & Research Webinar, Scientific & JAVIER SOLANA, Regulatory Webinar, and an Industry KEYNOTE SPEAKER Secretary General of NATO (1995-1999) and High Representative for the Marketing Programs Update. The 8:00 pm - 9:00 pm (CET) Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU (1999-2009) knowledge session chairs, Prof. Jordi November 19 Salas-Salvadó and Pino Calcagni are Chaired by Brenton Woolston, Almondco Australia Limited, Australia joined by respected Guest Speakers to • Almonds: Brenton Woolston, Almondco Australia Limited, Australia • Walnuts: Jinkui Zhou, Fen Yang Reell Food Co., Ltd., China further add more expert opinions on ASIA & OCEANIA • Cashews: Hari Nair, Western India Cashews, India each topic. WORKING GROUP • Hazelnuts: Cheng Hung Kay, CHK Trading, China-Hong Kong 7:00 am - 9:00 am (CET) It is guaranteed to be the best online • Macadamias: Larry McHugh, Macadamia Marketing International, Australia • Pine nuts: Chen Ying, CFNA, China gathering for the entire nut and dried • Peanuts: Sandeep Bhura, Om India Trading Co. Ltd., India fruit industry! • Dried fruits: Charles Ma, Sunshine (Tianjin) Produce Ltd., China ALAN OSTER, Group Chief Economist, Australia National Bank, “Global Overview & Australia – KEYNOTE SPEAKER 9:00 am - 10:00 am (CET) Impact of COVID-19 in near and medium term” Chaired by Antonio Pont, INC Honorary President and Executive Committee Member, Spain • Stephanie Grunenfelder, Senior Vice President, American Peanut Council, USA • Jacqui Price, Marketing Manager, Australian Macadamia Society, Australia • Kevin Verbruggen, European Marketing Director, California Prune Board INDUSTRY MARKETING PROGRAMS (Europe) 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm (CET) • Edmundo Valderrama, Chairman of the Board, ChileNut, Chile • Maureen Ternus, MS, RDN, Executive Director, International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation, USA • Giovanna Caccavelli, SPRIM Italia, Coordinator of Nucis Italia project “Nuts about Good Health”

HAIM ISRAEL, KEYNOTE Global Strategist, Managing Director of Research, Bank of America, SPEAKER 8:00 pm - 9:00 pm (CET) “Transforming World! The World After COVID”

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 57 INC News

Keynote Speakers

JAVIER SOLANA, Secretary General of NATO (1995-1999) and High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU (1999-2009)

Javier Solana, former Secretary General of NATO, is one of the most significant political figures in the international arena for his vital role in the development of international relations for over two decades. At NATO, he is credited with bringing much-needed re-organization and revitalization to the organization’s military structure. In October 1999, he became the Secretary General of the Council of the European Union and its first High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy. He had a leadership role in world affairs as the EU's de facto foreign minister. He is a member of the board of the International Crisis Group and the European Council on Foreign Relations.

HAIM ISRAEL, Global Strategist, Managing Director of Research, Bank of America

Haim Israel is a Managing Director and Global Strategist who heads up the Global Thematic Research team. Prior to this position, Israel was the head of Bank of America’s EEMEA Technology, Media and Telecommunication Research team, as well as the head of Israeli Research. In 2020, Israel and team were ranked in first place as the best Thematic Research and ESG – Integrated Climate Change teams in the Institutional Investor Extel Global Survey. Israel attained his MBA from The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and also holds a dual major in Finance & Business. For more information about any award cited, visit https://rsch.baml. com/awards.

ALAN OSTER, Group Chief Economist, National Australia Bank

Alan Oster is NAB’s Group Chief Economist. He joined the Bank in 1992 from the Federal Treasury where he worked for 15 years –his special field being economic forecasting and monetary policy. Immediately before joining the Bank, Alan was the Senior Adviser in Treasury responsible for economic forecasting and modelling. In 1987 he was seconded for nearly four years as Counsellor-Economic and Financial with Australia’s delegation to the OECD in Paris. As Group Chief Economist, Alan is responsible for NAB’s global economic and financial forecasts. He is also a highly respected and much quoted commentator on Australian and global economic trends and policy issues.

Thank you to all of our sponsors who continuously support our wonderful industry!

58 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT TOMRA 3C - A REVOLUTIONARY NEW PRODUCT FOR THE NUT & SEED INDUSTRY THAT WILL DRAMATICALLY IMPROVE EFFICIENCIES OF YOUR HULLING, SHELLING AND INSHELL OPERATIONS.

For more than 40 years, TOMRA Food designs and manufactures sensor-based sorting machines and integrated post-harvest solutions for the food industry, using the world’s most advanced grading, sorting, peeling and analytical technology.

[email protected] www.tomra.com/food November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

INC Academia: The Best Training Program in the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry

Despite of the special circumstances arising from 2021 Updates for the INC Academia COVID-19, the Third Edition of the Executive Program Next year, students will have the possibility to choose on Nuts and Dried Fruits increases the number of between two self-paced training tracks: participants. - General Industry Track. The Executive Program offers a basic overview of the nut and dried fruit industry. The Program The Third Edition of the Executive Program on Nuts and Dried consists of 12 units (10 required units + 2 specialized elective Fruits has been inevitably marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. courses), covering different topics: soil and climate, varieties, The on-site course had to be re-scheduled (May 23-25, 2021) nutrition facts, processing, food safety, and quality standards, and the date to complete the online course was adjusted to industry statistics and essential strategies for successful November 31, 2020, with the aim of allowing students to have negotiations, among other subjects. more time to finish the online material. - Specialized Elective Track. Students will have the The 2020 Edition is about to finish with a total of 64 opportunity to choose their courses from a list of four student from 26 countries, expanding the figures of the specialized courses. previous edition. With this success, the INC Academia continues working hard to offer an unparalleled insight into the nut and dried fruit industry. INC is continuing its bet on its education branch, updating the current contents, looking for new topics of special interest and expanding its training offer. Therefore, in 2021, the INC Academia will come with a new and more personalized learning In addition, experience. three new courses are incorporated:

Insurances: by risk 1 international specialist firm Aon.

International Market Opportunities: by 2 world leading advertising, marketing and public relations agency, Ogilvy.

Cross Cultural Negotiations: by Prof. Dr. 3 Kandarp Mehta, from prestigious IESE Business School, Barcelona, ranked 1st in the world for Executive Education by Financial Times.

Moreover, two new subunits:

Nut Allergies: by Dr. Vicki McWilliam, 1 clinical allergy and researcher at The Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne.

INC Short Form Contract: explaining the 2 new short form contract for the sale and purchase of nuts and dried fruits for all INC members.

60 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

Online Program's Required Units Specialized Elective Courses Unit 1. Origin and description: Arbitration rules. Overview of arbitration rules, procedures Introduction to the long history of nuts and dried fruits, their and tribunals, as well as defaults and contract related issues. description and physiology. This course includes a review of the INC Short Form Contract. Unit 2. Soil and climate: International market opportunities. Communicating the Which climates nuts and dried fruits are adapted to, soils, health benefits of nuts and dried fruits to a contemporary water demand and how climate conditions may affect the consumer. crops. Cross-cultural negotiations. Understanding how to negotiate Unit 3. Varieties and uses: across cultural barriers. An overview of the main varieties and geographical Insurances. Key risks facing the Food & Beverage Industry, distribution of species, as well as traditional and recent such as product contamination, property protection, cyber products and uses. attacks, credit, etc. Unit 4. Nutrition facts: A review of the nutritional value and evidence-based health On-Site Course benefits of nut and dried fruit consumption. Thanks to the on-site part of the course, students will get Unit 5. Harvesting & Processing: the chance to be hands-on and see the nut and dried fruit Main processing operations that can take place during industry up close. 2021 on-site course includes an on-site and after harvest, including shelling, drying, sorting, experience of three days in Italy, May 23-25, 2021, (10+ hours pasteurization, , flavoring and storage. of preparatory tasks & reading material) to go on technical 5.1 Harvest visits (orchards, processing plants and a distribution center), 5.2. Shelling learn through case studies and network. 5.3. Blanching The INC would like to remind all, that in order to attend 5.4. Drying the on-site course, the Executive Program on Nuts and Dried 5.5. Sorting technologies Fruits online course must be completed first. 5.6. Pasteurization 5.7. Fumigation with phosphine Testimonials 5.8. Storage 5.9. Frying and dry roasting 5.10. Flavoring OZKAN MERT Unit 6. Retail packing and management: CABITKAN ATIK Essential knowledge of the packaging process and packaging Business Developer, Export Manager, Yavuzkan, Turkey Dost Fındık, Turkey materials, including contaminant detection and allergen management. 6.1. Multihead weighing and bag forming I would recommend Being in the food 6.2. Modified Atmosphere Packaging this course for the industry for several thorough and global years and taking roles in 6.3. Vacuum packing overview of nuts & dried quality, purchasing and 6.4. Packaging fruits from the origins export departments, 6.5. Contaminant detection and removal and production to I find the variety and nutritional benefits. I also thoroughness of the 6.6. Allergen management appreciated the outlining course topics essential 6.7. Nut allergies – an update on current evidence and of international trade. for an over-all qualified practice food industry executive. Unit 7. Food safety and quality standards: Review of the essential aspects of food safety, quality standards and best practices. Unit 8. Production, trade and consumption: MARY ALI Global review of industry statistics, including production, ADZANYO SHAYESTEH

trade and consumption volumes. Director Private Sector President, Unit 9. Consumption trends: Development, Competitive Tootsi Impex, Canada Understanding purchase behavior and capturing Cashew initiative, Burkina Faso opportunities from emerging trends. There is a diversity of I recommend this Unit 10. Negotiation: programs on nuts and dried course for the large amount of information Essential strategies and skills for successful negotiations. fruits from production, to origins, research, that can be learned processing, consumption, with each session. global trends and yet the program also gives the fine details of every nut and dried fruit.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 61 INC News

INC Webinars

INC Hosted a Successful Negotiation Webinar

With over 150 participants from 28 countries around Prof. Dr. Kandarp Mehta, who is a senior lecturer in the the world, the INC’s free webinar on negotiation was Entrepreneurship Department and the Negotiation Unit at undoubtably a success! On July 22, 2020, Prof. Dr. IESE Business School, Barcelona, ranked 1st in the world for Kandarp Mehta presented the Negotiation in Times Executive Education by Financial Times for a record 6th year, of Crisis Webinar and explored the main principles delivered the webinar presentation to over 150 participants from 28 countries! of crisis negotiation and how they relate to the His presentation explained that as COVID-19 continues, COVID-19 pandemic. the post-pandemic normal has not returned as quickly as we would have liked, therefore the importance of learning how to negotiate during the crisis cannot be understated. The current COVID-19 pandemic has put us all in an unprecedented situation and almost all professional negotiations have been affected by the crisis. Negotiation is an essential skill for leaders, entrepreneurs and managers. If you were unable to watch the webinar live, INC members can find it in Member’s Area of the website in the INC TV Channel!

INC Prepares a Contract Webinar for December 2020

Business as we know it has changed and for the foreseeable future, online events will remain key to connecting with clients, members, and partners. Therefore, to continue to provide INC members with new online services, the INC is planning to launch a Contract webinar in December 2020.

Planned for early December, the INC Contract Webinar will discuss the new INC Short Form contract that is currently being prepared by the INC. In the nut and dried fruit industry, contracts are an important and necessary component to ensure the successful sale and purchase of products. Moreover, the INC Contract Webinar will provide for a place for participants to come together and have a clearer understanding of what the Short Form Contract is. The webinar will follow a similar format as in previous INC webinars with a group discussion followed by a Q&A session. Stay tuned for upcoming information on the webinar and we look forward to seeing you there!

62 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

Trend Research: International Market Opportunities

Conducting a trend research Based on the results of the analysis, consumer trends show that within the next provides valuable information to five years, energy boosting and digestive health will be all the more important to an industry as the results provide consumers and immune support has growth potential due to COVID-19. a glimpse into the current market Consuming foods that boost energy, and support digestive health are among and allow trends to be analyzed. the largest and fastest growing consumer trends. The analysis found that these two markets are forecasted to be the fastest growers among the health and wellness That is why, the INC partnered category, which includes a wide array of health benefits that are used to market food with Ogilvy and organized a products to consumers. By 2024, the market size for products boosting energy is trend research looking at the forecasted to grow 50% and products supporting digestive health are forecasted to international market opportunities grow 32%. The study also showed that weight management was still the largest area for the health benefits of nuts of concern for consumers, however, it is not forecasted to grow as quickly as those and dried fruits. This project gave previously mentioned. a clear understanding of which Furthermore, one interesting trend to keep on the radar is immune support. health benefits have market growth With many people concerned over the COVID-19 pandemic, consumer focus on a potential and demonstrated how to will likely deepen. Already the trend research showed that companies communicate nuts and dried fruits are increasingly expanding into this market and this trend is expected to only grow in to a contemporary consumer. a post-COVID-19 normality. In North America, more than one-third of vitamin and mineral products advertise an immune supportive claim and in Asia-Pacific, nearly half of the vitamin and mineral products released within the last year promote an Figure 1. immune supportive claim. Europe 41 % Figure 1 shows the percentage of food, drink, healthcare launches featuring Asia Pacific 34 % immunity-enhancing functional claims by region, from April 2015 to March 2020. North America 10 % Latin America 9 % Middle East & Africa 6 %

Health and Wellness Positioning - Past and Future 5YR Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) % (Bubble size: Market retail value, Mil EUR) Top 11 Markets Total: Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, USA

12.0

10.0 Energy Boosting Digestive Health 8.0 Endurance 6.0 Vision Health

Weight Management 4.0 Immune Support All Categories Total: 2.0 Oral and Respiratoy Health 2014-2019 CAGR: 2.1% Bone and Joint Health Cardiovascular Health 2019-2024 CAGR: 4.6% 2019-2024 Forecasted CAGR % CAGR 2019-2024 Forecasted 0.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 Brain Health and Memory 5.0 10.0 15.0 -2.0 Urinary Tract Health -4.0 2014-2019 CAGR %

Source: Euromonitor, 2019

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 63 INC News

Real Power for Real People: Boost your Attitudinal Immunity

It’s true some products can be a This October, the INC launched a new dissemination plan that aims to promote source of power, but maybe they’re the consumption of nuts and dried fruits globally. After conducting a market trend not all natural! Luckily there’s a research and identifying the areas with the most growth potential, the INC elected product that is a real source of to pursue a campaign that connected nuts and dried fruits with attitudinal immunity, power and it comes from nature simply described as one’s ability to resist negativity that is constantly presented in front of us. itself #RealPowerforRealPeople The main video created for the campaign is an impactful look into how nuts and #PlantBasedPower dried fruits can give real people the power they need to fight the negativity that attempts to bring us down. Unfortunately, each day we hear some sort of negativity or are faced with negativity from others. This can be difficult to handle especially when we are not fueling our body with natural foods that give us Real Power! That’s why, consuming nuts and dried fruits can provide your body the Real Power it needs! A mix of nuts and dried fruits contain , vitamin B6, selenium, zinc, iron and copper that contribute to the normal function of the immune system. Additionally, the INC has created a toolkit for those members who would like to join the campaign and help spread the message. Stay tuned for updates on the campaign and make sure to check social media for Real Power for People posts!

64 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

Behind the Scenes: The Making of the Real Power for Real People Video

However, nothing was going to stop this video from becoming a reality, not even COVID-19! Working together with a talented film crew and actors, Real Power for Real People came to life! The one-minute video was shot at various locations in and around Girona, Spain. The film crew was able to utilize natural lighting and angles to generate an all-around impactful video. One of the most impactful scenes from the video is where the girl is shaving her hair! It is a great example of how to not worry about what others will say! The actors brought a sense of realness to each scene through their laughter, dancing, and style! The making The making of the video for the Real Power for Real People of the video itself just goes to show that Real Power for campaign during a pandemic was certainly a challenge, with us, Real People, can make a video come to life even in the members having to maintain social distancing and masks. midst of a global pandemic!

A Worldwide Message from Real Power from Influencers to Real People Social media influencers around the globe have also become part of the campaign showing their users their "secret superpower" which they gained by eating nuts and dried fruits and asking them to get involved. Top influencers such as Healthy Fitness , USA, 3.5M followers, Carlos Rios, Spain, 1.4M followers, Afinka DIY, Ukraine, 1.3M followers, Ximena Saenz, Argentina, 359K followers, and Rebecca Gawthorne, Australia, 150K followers have already joined! Check out where our influencers are located!

@nicoleosinga_rd: 54.7K followers @afinkadiy: 1.1 Million followers @nicnutrition: 34.2K followers

@healthyfitnessmeals: 3.5 Million followers

@carlosriosq: 1.3 Million followers @realfooding: 951K followers @miguelcamarenasalud: 163K followers

@ximena_saenz: 273K followers @nourish_naturally: 150K followers

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 65 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review Global Statistical Review Crop Forecast Update

November 2020

Statistics are also available at our website www.nutfruit.org

Map shows 5 top producing countries. Other major producers listed below. Main Producing Countries

mo r N e e m e e N o

USA Chile Bolivia India Turkey China South Africa China USA China Turkey USA Italy Australia Peru Cote d’Ivoire Indonesia Italy Iran Australia Colombia Mexico DPR Korea Iran Australia Spain Italy Brazil Vietnam Cambodia USA Chile Kenya New Zealand South Africa Pakistan Italy Turkey Spain Iran Syria GuineaBissau Georgia USA Vietnam Australia Afghanistan Syria Turkey Brazil Azerbaijan Brazil Mongolia Afghanistan Tanzania Spain China Russia China Greece Benin Brazil Spain Greece

re re e e rberre re re ro rr China India China Vietnam Saudi Arabia Turkey USA Turkey USA South Africa USA Greece USA Romania India Ghana Oman Iran Canada Egypt Chile Turkey Australia Iran Argentina USA Brazil Iran Tunisia China Chile Iran France Iran Argentina Turkey Nigeria Nicaragua UAE Morocco USA USA Argentina China South Africa Ukraine Italy Indonesia Cote d’Ivore Pakistan Libya South Africa Greece Serbia India Chile Georgia Argentina Algeria Israel Australia Spain Australia Chile France Australia Iraq USA Italy Italy Uzbekistan Moldava Listed by global production as per FAO but not necessarily meaning quantities going through commercial channels.

Disclaimer: The compilation of data is intended to give a general overview for the reader’s best interest, who accepts full responsibility for its usage. Consequently, the INC cannot admit any liability from any loss or damage arising from any decision taken in accordance with this data.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 67 Statistical Review

Almonds 杏仁 / Almendra / Amande / Mandorle / Mandel / Badem

USA. The August Almond Board of California Position Report, pollination season. Beekeepers were able to replace hives published on September 11, 2020, shows receipts of 272 million damaged during the summer wildfires and sufficient hives lbs. (approx. 123,000 metric tons) through August 31. At the were delivered to almond producers in July/August. Despite time of writing this report, it was too early to determine if the some cold, rainy and windy weather conditions, bee flight hours estimated 3 billion lbs. crop forecasted by the USDA National were average or above on orchards and the bloom of varieties Ag Statistics Service will be realized –this would be California’s overlapped well. 5th straight record crop. More will be known about the actual There has been good rainfall in the catchment area for receipts as the remaining months of harvest progress. the dams, providing irrigation water to the almond producing Total shipments in 2019/2020 set a new record at 2.372 regions and water allocations are higher than in recent years. billion lbs. (approx. 1.076 million metric tons) up 4.8% from the As a result, prices on the water market are much lower than in previous record shipment year of 2018/19. Larger 2019/20 2019/20. supply has led to a carry-out of 450 million lbs. which was in line with industry expectations. Buoyed by the expectation of a Spain. Harvesting started in early September in southern record 2020 crop and remarkably strong commitments, August Spain and, as previously forecasted, a bumper crop of over 2020 shipping numbers were historically large. Domestic 115,000 MT was expected. shipments in August of 66 million lbs. is an increase of 5.6% As reported by the Spanish Ministry of Commerce, in- from August 2019. Export shipments were up 49% over August shell almond international shipments have been significantly 2019. The two main export marketing regions of Asia-Pacific increased over the previous five years. Total in-shell exports and Western Europe were up 83% and 29% respectively when from January-June 2020 added up to 3,373 MT, 196% up from compared to the same period last year. August net shipments the same period in 2019 and 10 times above 2016. The main of 193 million bested the previous August shipment record by in-shell market in 2020 was the European Union, with Italy over 20 million pounds. accounting for 62% of the share. Q1 and Q2 shelled almond shipments amounted to 42,893 Australia. The 2020 crop tonnage has been revised from MT, 14% below 2019, but 34% up from 2016. With 21% of the the pre-harvest forecast of 106,000 MT to over 111,000 MT share each, Italy and Germany were the top importers, followed after hulling and shelling of the crop had been completed. by France with 15%. The Australian almond industry has been able to As for Spanish almond demand, from January to June, 2,600 successfully navigate a period of concern regarding MT of in-shell almonds were imported into Spain, from which beekeepers, being able to move hives between states across 54% were provided by Portugal. California was the top shelled COVID-19 border closures to almond orchards during the origin, amounting to 92% of the 54,915 MT imported.

Estimated World Almond Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock USA*^ (MM lbs) 318 2,504 2,823 450 450 2,940 3,390 525 USA* (MT) 144,387 1,135,893 1,280,280 204,172 204,172 1,333,562 1,537,734 n/a SPAIN 1,800 90,000 91,800 6,000 6,000 115,633 121,633 n/a AUSTRALIA 2,000 104,437 106,437 6,000 6,000 111,100 117,100 8,000 TURKEY 0 14,500 14,500 0 0 20,000 20,000 0 IRAN 0 15,000 15,000 0 0 16,600 16,600 0 TUNISIA 0 12,000 12,000 0 0 16,000 16,000 0 MOROCCO 0 13,000 13,000 0 0 14,000 14,000 0 CHILE 615 9,596 10,211 0 0 10,500 10,500 n/a ITALY 0 18,000 18,000 0 0 10,000 10,000 0 GREECE 0 4,000 4,000 0 0 7,000 7,000 n/a OTHERS 0 30,000 30,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 148,802 1,446,426 1,595,228 216,172 216,172 1,684,395 1,900,567 8,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,379,056 1,892,567 Sources: Almond Board of California, USDA NASS, Almond Board of Australia, AEOFRUSE and DESCALMENDRA, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association and other INC sources. *USA crop reflects the estimated 2% Loss and Exempt (L&E) for the crop year. ^USA 2020/21 ending stock estimated, 2020/2021 Crop-USDA Objective Measurement Published July 7, 2020.

68 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Amazonia (Brazil) Nuts 巴西果 / Coquito de Brasil / Noix de Bresil / Noce de Brasile / Paranuss / Brezilya Fingigi

In terms of 2020 crop number, it is likely 1. Social unrest due to massive political - Sourcing empty containers for to be down on a normal crop, as there change in Bolivia after the 2019 failed export was even more challenging. was limited investment earlier on in elections. - Once containers were found, there collection and many factories which 2. Poor liquidity of factories who were fewer vessels scheduled to call have been processing with reduced struggled to raise finances to invest in port which sometimes was also shut. capacities will export less. At the time raw material early on in the season. - Finally, once exported, many of writing this report, most exporters 3. Weak demand for Brazil nuts from containers were also directed on have all completed the sales of their traditional and newer markets. scenic route around the world before 2020 inventory. Negotiations for the new 4. COVID-19 challenges: arriving at their destinations. crop were expected to start at the end - Factories forced to stop and then 5. Lowest export and raw material price of October. Given the current levels of allowed to start production. seen in more than 10 years. raw material, which is more than 50% - Social distancing measures in The challenges are not yet over, lower than the starting price last season, place resulted in reduced capacity in apart from the pandemic disruptions, negotiations were anticipated to be factories. new elections in October, regardless difficult. - Logistics for transporting goods of outcome, are likely to cause social The main challenges faced so far in and paper work around the country turmoil. This could again result in road 2020 can be summarized as follows. was difficult. blockages and delayed shipments.

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock BOLIVIA 7,500 64,500 72,000 6,000 6,000 58,500 64,500 3,750 PERU 2,250 10,500 12,750 900 900 10,500 11,400 900 BRAZIL 750 3,300 4,050 1,350 1,350 4,500 5,850 600 WORLD TOTAL 10,500 78,300 88,800 8,250 8,250 73,500 81,750 5,250 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 80,550 76,500

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock BOLIVIA 2,500 21,500 24,000 2,000 2,000 19,500 21,500 1,250 PERU 750 3,500 4,250 300 300 3,500 3,800 300 BRAZIL 250 1,100 1,350 450 450 1,500 1,950 200 WORLD TOTAL 3,500 26,100 29,600 2,750 2,750 24,500 27,250 1,750 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 26,850 25,500

Source: INC.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 69 Statistical Review

Cashews 腰果 / Anacardo / Noix de caju / Anacardio / Cashwkerne / Cashew cevizi

Vietnam harvested a good 2020 crop and local processing COVID-19 expected at that time. At the time of writing this was largely unaffected by COVID-19. Although movement piece, Nigeria shipment numbers were not yet fully available of raw cashew nut from Africa has been slow, RCN availability –the crop estimate will be updated based on final exports into in 2020 was high (partly due to the accumulated Tanzanian India and Vietnam. All in all, collection and shipments from supply). The good crops in Vietnam and Cambodia, coupled Western Africa have been slow, which negatively affected with the fact that processing in Vietnam has not been kernel yields (especially whites), as it has been happening, significantly affected by COVID-19, resulted in record kernel to some extent, over the last few years. At the beginning of shipments the first half of the year. Supply has been able to October, shipments were still going on and there were unsold meet the demand of the importing countries, which seemed stocks. The Tanzanian crop was developing well, auctions to be steady to growing in most countries. In contrast, the were expected to start in early October and trade was prolonged lockdown in India adversely affected processing anticipated to be smoother than in the last two years, when and consumption, but demand was recovering towards the there were significant political disruptions. end of September. All in all, cashew consumption in India is The cashew industry is adapting to the reality of working expected to be lower than in 2019. with COVID-19. Long term planning is difficult as it is not Although still below the 2019 crop, the total Western possible to predict how its already complex and fragmented Africa crop has been updated to 1.78 million metric tons, up supply chain will be affected. At the time of this report, by 90,000 MT from the 1.69 million MT forecasted last June. markets were firm on the back of small recovery in demand This difference is attributable mainly to an over-estimation and large in-shell purchases by a few major players. of crop loss in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana due to the impact of

Estimated World Cashew Production, Raw Cashew Nut (RCN), Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021* Country Crop Crop INDIA 742,000 691,000 VIETNAM 375,000 450,000 CAMBODIA 210,000 250,000 COTE D'IVOIRE 805,000 830,000 NIGERIA 250,000 190,000 GUINEA-BISSAU 200,000 180,000 BENIN 138,000 166,000 BURKINA FASO 135,500 137,000 GHANA 120,000 123,000 GUINEA CONAKRY 50,000 40,000 SENEGAL 20,000 35,000 MALI 47,000 30,000 TOGO 46,000 30,000 GAMBIA 18,000 15,000 Sub Total Western Africa 1,829,500 1,776,000 Sub Total Northern Hemisphere 3,156,500 3,167,000 TANZANIA 245,000 250,000 MOZAMBIQUE 70,000 70,000 KENYA 6,000 6,000 Sub Total Eastern Africa 321,000 326,000 BRAZIL 150,000 135,000 INDONESIA 115,000 115,000 Sub Total Southern Hemisphere 586,000 576,000 OTHERS 54,000 54,000 WORLD TOTAL 3,796,500 3,797,000

Sources: Global Cashew Council and other INC sources. *Harvest from January'20 through June'20 (Northern hemisphere), from September'20 through February'21 (Southern hemisphere).

70 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Hazelnuts 榛子 / Avellana / Noisette / Nocciola / Haselnuss / Findik

Turkey. Harvesting results are in line with the estimates, varieties started by mid-August and, by the end of the month, with strong nut yield, good natural drying conditions and overall, harvest of Long Naples and Piedmont was mostly finished. very satisfactory quality despite some regional flooding in the Dry weather conditions during this period allowed a good Province of Giresun. quantity and quality. Round Roman harvest was in progress TMO’s base price of 22TL has been accepted as bottom and at the beginning of September. The market was quiet for the TL based prices have been increasing since early September. So September shipments. far, TMO procurement activity seems to be weaker compared to the previous seasons. Parallel to this development, current USA. 2020/21 crop is expected to end up higher than earlier devaluation in Turkish Lira against Euro allowed minimal anticipated and it is now estimated at around 60,000 MT. Quality changes in export prices, which have been even lower than last is superb due to favorable growing conditions and an overall mild year’s bumper crop level. The COVID-19 uncertainty about summer. Mold and insect injury are forecast to be minimal. demand development, and some carry-over stocks in the During early September, a strong east wind pushed destination countries, spared buyers a couple of weeks of time pre-existing wildfires in the west coast of the US from the to watch the price trajectory. mountains down into the valley. Luckily this should not have a negative effect on the harvest other than potentially expediting Italy. Abundant summer rainfall was favorable to kernel nut collection, with much of the crop already on the ground due development; thus, a lower availability of smaller calibers to strong winds. is expected (9/11) for this season. Harvesting of the early

Estimated World Hazelnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock TURKEY 45,000 790,000 835,000 70,000 70,000 640,000 710,000 40,000 ITALY 10,000 65,000 75,000 5,000 5,000 135,000 140,000 10,000 USA 3,000 39,500 42,500 3,800 3,800 60,000 63,800 2,000 AZERBAIJAN 5,000 42,000 47,000 2,000 2,000 50,000 52,000 3,000 GEORGIA 3,000 38,000 41,000 1,000 1,000 60,000 61,000 1,000 CHILE 2,000 35,000 37,000 1,000 1,000 39,000 40,000 0 IRAN 100 25,000 25,100 200 200 20,000 20,200 500 CHINA 100 12,000 12,100 300 300 15,000 15,300 0 FRANCE 0 10,500 10,500 500 500 9,000 9,500 0 SPAIN 600 12,400 13,000 600 600 4,500 5,100 0 OTHERS 0 27,000 27,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 68,800 1,096,400 1,165,200 84,400 84,400 1,062,500 1,146,900 56,500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 1,080,800 1,090,400

Estimated World Hazelnut Production, Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock TURKEY 22,500 395,000 417,500 35,000 35,000 320,000 355,000 20,000 ITALY 4,900 30,600 35,500 2,350 2,350 63,450 65,800 4,700 USA 1,200 15,725 16,925 1,520 1,520 24,000 25,520 800 AZERBAIJAN 2,050 16,800 18,850 800 800 21,000 21,800 1,250 GEORGIA 1,000 13,200 14,200 350 350 21,000 21,350 350 CHILE 880 15,400 16,280 440 440 17,200 17,640 0 IRAN 46 11,500 11,546 92 92 9,000 9,092 225 CHINA 45 4,500 4,545 115 115 6,450 6,565 0 FRANCE 0 4,200 4,200 200 200 4,050 4,250 0 SPAIN 280 5,800 6,080 280 280 2,100 2,380 0 OTHERS 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 13,500 13,500 0 WORLD TOTAL 32,901 522,725 555,626 41,147 41,147 501,750 542,897 27,325 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 514,479 515,572 Sources: Oregon Hazelnut Industry Office and other INC sources.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 71 Statistical Review

Macadamias 夏威夷果 / Macadamia / Macadamianuss / Makedemia / Cevizi

South Africa. As reported by Macadamias South Africa, 42,000 MT (in-shell at 3.5% moisture content). Quality is very the crop forecast was updated to 49,503 metric tons of nut good despite the drought conditions leading into the season. in shell (at 1.5 % kernel moisture content); 16% down from Harvesting conditions were largely favorable and the growing 2019. The crop was reduced mainly due to the after-effects regions impacted most by unprecedented dry conditions have of the drought, high temperatures during flowering in some generally performed better than anticipated. Early indications are producing regions as well as pests and diseases. that the 2021 season is looking promising with good flowering Current predictions are that 2021 might be a better and continued expansion in new plantings. season, as apparently a strong La Niña weather system, which The Australian industry remains well positioned despite will be associated with above normal rainfall in Africa, is already disruption caused by COVID-19. Demand has remained strong. developing west of South America. This, as well as the big and However, minor disruptions to international shipping occurred somewhat early flowering in some producing areas holds the and a pattern of buying to shorter horizons emerged. promise for an increased production. Regarding the COVID-19 aftermath, since the initial Kenya. The 2020 crop forecast was updated to 42,660 MT NIS lockdown in South Africa, the macadamia industry was not at 10% moisture content (39,800 MT at 3.5% NIS m.c.). Although significantly affected as exports were never prohibited. kernel sales are sluggish owing to COVID-19, they are expected to pick up in the last quarter of 2020. Australia. As reported by the Australian Macadamia Society, 2020 crop will exceed expectations and is now forecasted at

Estimated World Macadamia Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019 2020 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock SOUTH AFRICA n/r 59,050 59,050 n/r n/r 49,503 49,503 n/r AUSTRALIA n/r 43,500 43,500 n/r n/r 42,000 42,000 n/r CHINA n/r 23,300 23,300 n/r n/r 30,400 30,400 n/r KENYA n/r 36,750 36,750 n/r n/r 39,700 39,700 n/r USA n/r 18,000 18,000 n/r n/r 18,000 18,000 n/r GUATEMALA n/r 13,500 13,500 n/r n/r 14,400 14,400 n/r MALAWI n/r 7,944 7,944 n/r n/r 5,171 5,171 n/r VIETNAM n/r 1,450 1,450 n/r n/r 5,300 5,300 n/r BRAZIL n/r 7,200 7,200 n/r n/r 6,000 6,000 n/r COLOMBIA n/r 1,300 1,300 n/r n/r 1,300 1,300 n/r OTHERS n/r 15,350 15,350 n/r n/r 16,000 16,000 n/r WORLD TOTAL n/r 227,344 227,344 n/r n/r 227,774 227,774 n/r WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 227,344 227,774

Estimated World Macadamia Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019 2020 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock SOUTH AFRICA n/r 18,900 18,900 n/r n/r 15,840 15,840 n/r AUSTRALIA n/r 13,000 13,000 n/r n/r 12,600 12,600 n/r CHINA n/r 6,615 6,615 n/r n/r 8,800 8,800 n/r KENYA n/r 7,350 7,350 n/r n/r 7,900 7,900 n/r USA n/r 4,000 4,000 n/r n/r 4,000 4,000 n/r GUATEMALA n/r 2,900 2,900 n/r n/r 3,150 3,150 n/r MALAWI n/r 1,996 1,996 n/r n/r 1,447 1,447 n/r VIETNAM n/r 435 435 n/r n/r 1,590 1,590 n/r BRAZIL n/r 1,800 1,800 n/r n/r 1,500 1,500 n/r COLOMBIA n/r 270 270 n/r n/r 260 260 n/r OTHERS n/r 3,991 3,991 n/r n/r 4,160 4,160 n/r WORLD TOTAL n/r 61,257 61,257 n/r n/r 61,247 61,247 n/r WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 61,257 61,247 Sources: Macadamia Council, Macadamias South Africa, Australian Macadamia Society, Nut Processors Association of Kenya, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Brazilian Macadamia Association, Vietnam Macadamia Association and other INC sources. n/r: not reported or not relevant.

72 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Pecans / Pacana / Noix de pécan / Noce pecan / Pecanuss / Pekan cevizi

North America. Total supply and crop size are slightly Brazil. With the completion of the harvest, 2019/20 crop over in Mexico and remain quite similar to last season in USA. was updated to 1,300 MT, 35% below the 2,000 MT initially The crop in Georgia is expected to be larger this year and a anticipated. Although a decrease was already expected in bit smaller in the western US after a hard freeze during late relation to the previous crop, which was very good, intense October 2019. rains during flowering and extreme drought over the rest of Overall demand has remained steady in both USA and the production cycle, reduced the harvest even further. Mexico. According to the American Pecan Council, total There were no major problems in factories, orchards or shipments from September 1, 2019, through July 31, 2020, nurseries related to COVID-19 restriction. The domestic added up to 196 million lbs. (89,000 metric tons). As for market showed a certain retraction, which was balanced with international shipments, exports of shelled pecans amounted the smaller crop. to around 33 million lbs. kernel basis (15,000 MT)/66 million A very good crop is expected for 2020/21, cold hours lbs. (30,000 MT) in-shell basis and in-shell shipments have been satisfactory. At the time of writing this report, accounted for 24.3 million lbs. (11,000 MT). Main markets for rain forecast for spring was slightly below average due to shelled pecans during this period were the European Union + the cooling of the waters of the Pacific, related to La Niña UK, which accounted for 55% of the share, while 76% of the phenomenon, which brings drought to southern Brazil. A in-shell demand was concentrated by China. significant number of producers are installing irrigation systems, especially after the severe drought of the previous South Africa. The slightly disappointing yields are still cycle. a result of the severe drought in the growing regions, which has affected both metric tons per hectare as well as nut China. At the time of writing this report, the 2020 crop size. Inclement weather conditions from hail, late frost and was expected to remain as previously forecasted. However, storms also had some effect on reducing expected volumes heavy rains during July and August and a typhoon passing in certain areas. through the growing area might affect the final outcome. As restrictions related to COVID-19 started to relax during the second half of the year, tree nut consumption was picking up.

Estimated World Pecan Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock MEXICO 6,800 138,345 145,145 8,000 8,000 155,223 163,223 15,000 USA 91,118 122,470 213,588 80,000 80,000 127,000 207,000 75,000 SOUTH AFRICA 100 17,270 17,370 50 50 20,000 20,050 0 BRAZIL 500 1,300 1,800 0 0 3,500 3,500 0 AUSTRALIA 200 2,000 2,200 200 200 2,469 2,669 0 CHINA 0 500 500 0 0 700 700 0 OTHERS 0 1,900 1,900 0 0 1,900 1,900 0 WORLD TOTAL 98,718 283,785 382,503 88,250 88,250 310,792 399,042 90,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 294,253 309,042

Estimated World Pecan Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock MEXICO 3,400 69,173 72,573 4,000 4,000 77,112 81,112 7,500 USA 45,600 60,000 105,600 40,000 40,000 63,500 103,500 37,500 SOUTH AFRICA 55 9,600 9,655 28 28 11,000 11,028 0 BRAZIL 230 620 850 0 0 1,700 1,700 0 AUSTRALIA 104 1,140 1,244 114 114 1,358 1,472 0 CHINA 0 250 250 0 0 280 280 0 OTHERS 0 952 952 0 0 952 952 0 WORLD TOTAL 49,389 141,735 191,124 44,142 44,142 155,902 200,044 45,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 146,982 155,044

Sources: Brazilian Association of Nuts and Chesnuts (ABNC), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and other INC sources. Harvest in SA is from May-August seasonally.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 73 Statistical Review

Pine Nuts 松子 / Piñón / Pignon / Pinoli / Pinienkerne / Çam fistigi

Far East. According to the China Chamber of Commerce now considering to boost efforts to increase sales in its huge for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Native Produce and domestic market. Animal By-products (CFNA), for the 2020/2021 season, pine nut production is expected to amount to 42,000 metric tons Mediterranean. Mainly due to the small crops, prices (in-shell basis) of red pine nut (Pinus koraiensis) in China and remain high, at similar ranges as to those of the first half of the 35,000 MT in North Korea. Russian production is forecasted year. By mid-September the minimum price is Spain was €66/ between 35,000 and 40,000 MT, from which around 10,000 MT kg and €62/kg in Turkey and, according to industry sources, are of cedar pine nuts (P. sibirica). premium quality supply was still available. Due to the great impact that the exchange rate has on As per the Aegean Exporters Association between exports, at the time of writing this report, Chinese exporters January 1 and July 31, 2020, total pine nut exports from were concerned about the US dollar devaluation and the RMB Turkey added up to 239 metric tons (US$16 million), with Italy appreciation. accounting for 81% of the share, followed by Germany and China is being pretty successful in controlling the Spain (9% and 3%, respectively). COVID-19 and, without neglecting the international market, is

Estimated World Pine Nut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock FAR EAST RUSSIA 500 17,000 17,500 500 500 40,000 40,500 n/a CHINA 7,500 14,500 22,000 4,000 4,000 42,000 46,000 1,000 NORTH KOREA 0 12,000 12,000 700 700 35,000 35,700 1,000 AFGHANISTAN 1,000 5,000 6,000 0 0 9,700 9,700 0 PAKISTAN 1,000 5,000 6,000 0 0 9,300 9,300 0 SUBTOTAL 10,000 53,500 63,500 5,200 5,200 136,000 141,200 2,000 MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) TURKEY 0 3,000 3,000 0 0 1,400 1,400 0 ITALY 0 2,600 2,600 0 0 1,750 1,750 0 SPAIN 500 1,250 1,750 0 0 1,600 1,600 0 PORTUGAL 100 1,500 1,600 0 0 550 550 0 OTHERS 0 160 160 0 0 435 435 0 SUBTOTAL 600 8,510 9,110 0 0 5,735 5,735 0 WORLD TOTAL 10,600 62,010 72,610 5,200 5,200 141,735 146,935 2,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 67,410 144,935

Estimated World Pine Nut Production, Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock FAR EAST RUSSIA 150 5,100 5,250 150 150 12,000 12,150 n/a CHINA 1,900 3,600 5,500 1,000 1,000 10,500 11,500 250 NORTH KOREA 0 3,000 3,000 0 0 8,750 8,750 250 AFGHANISTAN 300 1,500 1,800 0 0 2,900 2,900 0 PAKISTAN 300 1,500 1,800 0 0 2,800 2,800 0 SUBTOTAL 2,650 14,700 17,350 1,150 1,150 36,950 38,100 500 MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) TURKEY 0 800 800 0 0 375 375 0 ITALY 0 650 650 0 0 350 350 0 SPAIN 100 250 350 0 0 300 300 0 PORTUGAL 15 300 315 0 0 100 100 0 OTHERS 0 40 40 0 0 100 100 0 SUBTOTAL 115 2,040 2,155 0 0 1,225 1,225 0 WORLD TOTAL 2,765 16,740 19,505 1,150 1,150 38,175 39,325 500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 18,355 38,825 Sources: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs and other INC sources.

74 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Pistachios 心果 / Pistacho / Pistache / Pistacchio / Pistazie / Antep fistigi

USA. Season 2020/2021 crop has been positive, with an spite of some recent impediments to exports, such as the on-year estimate of roughly 469,000 metric tons (1 billion government-imposed restrictions on transfer and exchange lbs.). Harvest was delayed by around a week due to cool of foreign currencies and the COVID-19 pandemic. temperatures, and some areas were negatively impacted by As expected, exports to the Far East, the Indian erratic spring bloom and strong winds. In terms of quality, nut Subcontinent and CIS countries gathered pace, given the size is slightly larger than average, and insect damage is also attractive prices. Pistachio kernel shipments amounted to reflecting on the low side. 20,000 MT through August, showing an upward trend. 2019/20 California shipments finished at 267,000 MT (588 million lbs.), which was a decrease from a record setting Turkey. New crop receipts started at the beginning prior year of 365,000 metric tons (805 million lbs.). Factors for of September, with sizes relatively smaller than previous the decrease from previous year include: lower 2019/2020 seasons. Overall quality and taste were great and prices supply resulting from the off-year and a relatively low carry- softened because of the bumper crop. Export expectations over inventory along with the increase in Iranian supply; were high for the in-shell market, which had already started, the impact of additional tariffs between China and US, and and the kernel market was pretty competitive in terms of price COVID-19, particularly in the export market. Demand for both compared to last season. Although European orders are likely US and European retail remains strong despite the COVID-19 to depend on the COVID-19 situation, Turkish pistachio is disruptions, and the export market is expected to increase as expected to remain very strong at the market. The domestic the economy reopens. market started getting postponed orders, but it was still behind previous seasons. However, as time goes by and raw Iran. Iran Pistachio Association’s pre-harvest forecast for materials keep coming into market, a stronger demand on the the 2020/21 crop has been estimated at 180,000 MT of dried snack market is anticipated. in-shell pistachios. Season 2020/21 is expected to be an on-year for round varieties, namely, Fandoqi and KalehQuchi Spain. 2020 crop was updated to 1,800 MT, 28% below the (Jumbo). early forecast of 2,500 MT. It is an off-year; pollination of the According to IPA, for the 2019/20 marketing year, export Kerman cultivar was affected by a very rainy spring, and the volume stood at around 164,000 MT (in-shell equivalent), an new productive hectares will not be enough to make up for the amount similar in volume to crop year 2017/18 shipments drop in production. (the last on-year crop with a similar starting inventory) in

Estimated World Pistachio Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock USA (MM lbs) 95 747 842 95 95 1,034 1,129 95 USA (MT) 43,000 339,000 382,000 43,000 43,000 469,000 512,000 43,000 TURKEY 100,000 75,000 175,000 75,000 75,000 302,000 377,000 120,000 IRAN 22,000 195,000 217,000 22,000 22,000 180,000 202,000 20,000 SYRIA 0 23,000 23,000 0 0 20,700 20,700 0 GREECE 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 7,000 7,000 0 AFGHANISTAN 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 4,500 4,500 0 AUSTRALIA 0 2,900 2,900 0 0 2,100 2,100 0 SPAIN 0 2,000 2,000 0 0 1,800 1,800 0 CHINA 0 3,200 3,200 0 0 1,500 1,500 0 ITALY 0 2,600 2,600 1,000 1,000 1,200 2,200 0 WORLD TOTAL 165,000 652,700 817,700 141,000 141,000 989,800 1,130,800 183,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 676,700 947,800

Sources: Iran Pistachio Association, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association, Australia Pistachio Growers' Association and other INC sources.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 75 Statistical Review

Walnuts 核桃 / Nuez / Noix / Noce / Walnuss / Ceviz

China. At the September 2020 China International Tree Nut acres (148,000 to 154,000 hectares). Sampling of nut sets Conference, held in Qingdao, the panel of the Walnut Round Table looked good, with reports of tree limbs heavy with nuts. All of the came up with a subjective estimate of 1,050,000 metric tons (in- sizing measurements were either the same or slightly below the shell basis), 5% up from 2019/2020. previous year’s levels. The industry began harvest in early to mid- A big harvest from Xinjiang and Yunnan coupled with increased September with COVID-19 safety precautions fully in place. young trees are expected to offset the shortfall from those frost- stricken provinces like Shanxi, Hebei, Gansu and Shaanxi. Harvest Chile. 2019/20 crop was down 7% compared to 2018/19, but started in August for some early varieties and was at full swing yet close the middle-long-term Chilenut estimation, based on by mid-September. Provided crisp fall weather, better color and the variety, age and planted area. A cold spring but mainly the texture are expected. However, the big crop has resulted in smaller 2019 drought affected the production in the northern and central sized nuts. growing regions. As per Chilenut, exports form March 21 to August 31, 2020 USA. According to the August 2020 USDA NASS report, the amounted to 85,592 MT in-shell equivalent, 21% down from crop is forecasted at a record 780,000 short tons (707,604 MT), 2019. However, commitments in September accounted already 20% up from 2019. The forecast is based on increases of bearing for about 90% of the season supply, anticipating a good sales acreage, up 4% from 2019’s estimate of 365,000 to reach 380,000 rate towards the second half of the season.

Estimated World Walnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Crop Total Supply Stock CHINA 30,000 1,000,000 1,030,000 60,000 60,000 1,050,000 1,110,000 60,000 USA 56,237 590,332 646,569 58,046 58,046 707,604 765,650 105,230 CHILE 2,000 130,000 132,000 1,800 1,800 164,000 165,800 n/a UKRAINE 10,500 117,300 127,800 3,500 3,500 99,700 103,200 n/a FRANCE 2,000 37,000 39,000 2,000 2,000 37,000 39,000 n/a ROMANIA 0 34,600 34,600 0 0 36,300 36,300 n/a TURKEY 0 35,000 35,000 0 0 31,000 31,000 0 INDIA 3,000 34,000 37,000 3,000 3,000 35,000 38,000 3,000 IRAN 0 25,000 25,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 0 ARGENTINA 0 20,000 20,000 0 0 22,500 22,500 n/a ITALY 0 16,500 16,500 0 0 19,800 19,800 0 MOLDOVA 700 23,300 24,000 640 640 16,300 16,940 n/a AUSTRALIA 200 12,000 12,200 0 0 13,000 13,000 200 HUNGARY 0 11,200 11,200 0 0 11,700 11,700 n/a GEORGIA 0 7,100 7,100 0 0 7,000 7,000 n/a OTHERS 0 12,000 12,000 0 0 15,000 15,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 104,637 2,105,332 2,209,969 128,986 145,140 2,295,904 2,424,890 168,430 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 2,080,983 2,256,460 Estimated World Walnut Production, Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Crop Total Supply Stock CHINA 13,200 440,000 453,200 26,400 26,400 462,000 488,400 26,400 USA* 24,744 259,746 284,490 25,540 25,540 311,346 336,886 46,301 CHILE 980 65,000 65,980 900 900 82,000 82,900 n/a UKRAINE 4,200 46,930 51,130 1,400 1,400 39,900 41,300 n/a FRANCE 880 16,280 17,160 880 880 16,280 17,160 n/a ROMANIA 0 13,500 13,500 0 0 14,500 14,500 n/a TURKEY 0 15,400 15,400 0 0 13,600 13,600 0 INDIA 1,110 12,629 13,739 1,114 1,114 13,000 14,114 0 IRAN 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 12,000 12,000 0 ARGENTINA 0 9,000 9,000 0 0 10,800 10,800 n/a ITALY 0 7,260 7,260 0 0 8,700 8,700 0 MOLDOVA 270 9,100 9,370 250 250 6,900 7,150 n/a AUSTRALIA 88 5,300 5,388 0 0 5,700 5,700 88 HUNGARY 0 4,800 4,800 0 0 4,700 4,700 n/a GEORGIA 0 2,700 2,700 0 0 2,800 2,800 n/a OTHERS 0 4,800 4,800 0 0 6,000 6,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 45,472 922,445 967,917 56,484 56,484 1,010,226 1,066,710 72,789 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 911,433 939,921 Sources: California Walnut Board and Commission, Ukrainian Walnut Association and other INC sources. *California Walnut Board and Commission does not measure in kernel basis, kernel equivalent is an INC estimation.

76 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Peanuts 花生 / Cacahuete / Cacahuète / Arachide / Erdnuss / Yer fistigi

China. According to the China Chamber of Commerce of 17% over the previous season harvested area. Forecasted for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, in 2020, peanut planted at 4.69 MT/ha, yield per land area is also expected to be area was expected to be increased significantly, mostly due to increased by 6% compared to 2019/20. expansion in the main producing areas. Furthermore, overall The State of Georgia is forecasted to account for 53% national yield per unit area is anticipated to be better than last of the harvested area, followed by Alabama (11%), Florida year, thus, it is expected that China's total peanut production (10%), Texas (8%) and North and South Carolina (7% and in 2020/2021 will be increased by 8% compared with 2019/20, 5%, respectively). The remaining 6% is distributed among reaching 17 million metric tons. Arkansas, Virginia, Mississippi and New Mexico. As per the USDA FAS Global Market Analysis published India. As seen in the September 2020 World Agricultural last September, because of the expected increased supply, US Production report from the USDA FAS, a record 2020/21 peanut export outlook for the 2020/21 season was updated peanut harvested area is expected in India. Increased by 21% to 726,000 metric tons, 23% up from the prior forecast of from 2019/20, the harvested area is estimated at 5.9 million 590,000 MT. hectares, mainly due to favorable domestic prices and rainfall. Yield per area unit is anticipated to be slightly lower, 1.15 MT/ Argentina. On September 1, 2020, the Argentine Peanut ha compared to the 1.28 MT/ha estimated for 2019/20. All in Chamber (CAM) presented the consolidated estimates for the all, due to the increased harvested area, peanut production is 2019/20 marketing year (June 1-May 31), based on the data projected at 6.8 million metric tons, 9% up from the previous provided by the peanut industry. season. Due to the prevailing weather conditions during the According to the USDA FAS Global Market Analysis growing season, the general quality of the crop was very good. released last September, resulting from the anticipated higher With no carry-in from the previous season, total production production, 2020/21 exports are also expected to increase up was estimated at 976,356 MT of peanuts, kernel basis, yielding to 850,000 MT, 26% above the earlier forecast of 675,000 MT. 2.78 MT/ha. Harvested area amounted to 351,214 hectares, down by 9.5% from 388,000 ha in 2018/19, resulting in a USA. As reported by the USDA NASS September report, reduced exportable supply of 643,574 MT compared to the based on a forecast of 660,520 harvested hectares, USA total previous season. The remaining supply was distributed among 2020/21 crop is projected to reach 3.081 million metric tons. oil stock (206,402 MT), domestic market + blanched shrink This represents an increment of 24% over 2019/20 and a raise (73,730 MT) and seeds (52,650 MT).

Estimated World Peanut Production. In-shell Basis · 1000 Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Crop Total Supply Stock CHINA 88 15,700 15,788 50 50 17,000 17,050 70 INDIA 355 6,260 6,615 464 464 6,800 7,264 743 NIGERIA 773 3,500 4,273 400 400 3,900 4,300 395 USA 1,098 2,493 3,591 961 961 3,081 4,042 1,026 ARGENTINA 0 1,395 1,395 0 0 1,320 1,320 564 SENEGAL 500 1,420 1,920 33 33 1,300 1,333 250 INDONESIA 186 990 1,176 155 155 970 1,125 179 GHANA 20 440 460 0 0 650 650 0 BRAZIL 1 545 546 1 1 540 541 10 VIETNAM 25 434 459 22 22 447 469 22 COTE D'IVOIRE 10 210 220 10 10 210 220 9 NICARAGUA 4 157 161 2 2 180 182 4 MEXICO 53 82 135 33 33 102 135 37 SOUTH AFRICA 0 70 70 6 6 60 66 1 OTHERS 231 8,230 8,461 3,507 3,507 10,734 14,241 1,400 WORLD TOTAL 3,344 41,926 45,270 5,644 5,644 47,294 52,938 4,710 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 39,626 48,228 Sources: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, USDA, Argentine Chamber of Peanuts (CAM) and other INC sources.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 77 Statistical Review

Dates / Dátil / Datte / Dattero / Dattel / Hurma During the last quarter of 2019, holiday season sales, in East Asian countries or Morocco. particular exports, had taken place under good conditions. At the farm level, the 2020 harvest is expected to be However, the 219/2020 season has been disrupted by satisfactory in most origins. Although carry-over stocks COVID-19 at the marketing level since February 2020. In might affect the purchase of dates from farmers, according to producing countries, the increased carry-over stocks had to current data, exports of table dates from 2020 production is be stored in cold rooms due to the pandemic. Some importing anticipated to be relatively satisfactory. countries also have a relatively large stock, such as South-

Estimated World Table Date Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock SAUDI ARABIA 20,000 230,000 250,000 126,000 126,000 210,000 336,000 38,000 IRAN 10,000 175,000 185,000 36,000 36,000 160,000 196,000 19,000 UAE 10,000 135,000 145,000 45,000 45,000 130,000 175,000 19,000 TUNISIA 5,000 120,000 125,000 16,200 16,200 110,000 126,200 9,500 EGYPT 5,000 120,000 125,000 21,600 21,600 100,000 121,600 11,400 ALGERIA 6,000 100,000 106,000 18,000 18,000 90,000 108,000 9,500 IRAQ 3,000 60,000 63,000 14,400 14,400 50,000 64,400 5,700 ISRAEL 4,000 35,000 39,000 9,000 9,000 30,000 39,000 5,700 PAKISTAN 2,000 32,000 34,000 7,200 7,200 28,000 35,200 3,800 USA 4,000 30,000 34,000 12,600 12,600 28,000 40,600 7,600 MOROCCO 1,000 25,000 26,000 5,400 5,400 20,000 25,400 1,900 OMAN 1,500 25,000 26,500 7,200 7,200 20,000 27,200 2,850 SUDAN 500 9,000 9,500 2,700 2,700 7,000 9,700 1,140 LIBYA 100 1,000 1,100 360 360 800 1,160 190 OTHERS 5,000 35,000 40,000 21,600 21,600 30,000 51,600 9,500 WORLD TOTAL 77,100 1,132,000 1,209,100 343,260 343,260 1,013,800 1,357,060 144,780 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 865,840 1,212,280

Source: INC These data concern only dates that have been packaged and presented for sale as such. They account for about 15% of global production of raw dates. Dates consumed in bulk and those destined for processing are not included.

Dried Apricots 杏 / Orejón / Abricot Sec / Albicocca Secca / Getrocknete Aprikose / Kuru Kayisi

Turkey: The Turkish Ministry of Agriculture official 19, 2020, added up to 12,511 MT (US$40.7 million), of which production estimate was released last August and it amounts 89% were wholes, 7% for industrial use and 4% diced dried to 95,000 metric tons. Harvest finished with good quality but apricots. Top importing markets were the European Union, led with lower yields due to frosts and rainfall during bloom. by Germany and France, followed by the Americas with Brazil As reported by the Aegean Exporters’ Association, and the USA as the main importers. international shipments between August 1 and September

Estimated World Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock TURKEY 15,000 100,000 115,000 15,000 15,000 95,000 110,000 n/a IRAN 3,300 26,300 29,600 3,000 3,000 25,000 28,000 n/a UZBEKISTAN 1,100 10,300 11,400 1,000 1,000 12,500 13,500 1,200 AFGHANISTAN 0 4,500 4,500 0 0 6,000 6,000 0 CHINA 0 5,700 5,700 0 0 5,900 5,900 0 USA 0 1,400 1,400 0 0 900 900 0 SOUTH AFRICA 0 1,650 1,650 0 0 750 750 0 OTHERS 3,000 30,000 33,000 3,000 3,000 30,200 33,200 3,000 WORLD TOTAL 22,400 179,850 202,250 22,000 22,000 176,250 198,250 4,200 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 180,250 194,050 Sources: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association and other INC sources.

78 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Dried Cranberries 莓 / Arándano Rojo / Mirtillo Rosso / Keçiyemisi The 2020 crop is estimated at 12.6 million barrels (571,000 metric tons), although increased over 2019, it is still below average. Carry-in at August 31, 2020 –including frozen fruit, cranberry concentrate and finished goods– was 4.6 M barrels (208,000 MT) down 22% from last year. Frozen fruit for dried cranberries is significantly down compared to last year and will put pressure on supply during the fall. Demand remains high globally. sales to food service were down due to COVID-19, but were compensated by an increase in retail sales for home consumption. Estimated World Sweetened Dried Cranberry Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock USA 5,740 161,745 167,485 5,267 5,267 154,975 160,242 5,372 CANADA 1,890 33,212 35,102 2,410 2,410 34,243 36,653 1,560 CHILE 450 10,030 10,480 310 310 10,645 10,955 246 WORLD TOTAL 8,080 204,987 213,067 7,987 7,987 199,863 207,850 7,178 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 205,080 200,672 Source: INC. The cranberry crop is harvested in the fall. End of year statistics are measured as of August, 31. 2020/2021 represents the estimate of production and supply through August 31, 2021. Dried Figs 花果 / Higo Seco / Figue Sec / Fico Secco / Getrocknete Feige / Kuru Incir Turkey: As per the Aegean Exporters’ Association, 2020/2021 production is forecasted at 85,500 metric tons. Shipment reports (September 26, 2019-September 19, 2020) indicate that total exports (including whole, crushed, scrap, roasted and other types of dried figs) added up to 68,787 MT (US$239 million). Whole and crushed dried figs accounted for 74% and 17% of the shipments, respectively. USA, Germany, France, Italy and the UK were the top destinations.

Estimated World Dried Fig Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock TURKEY 3,000 89,000 92,000 5,000 5,000 85,500 90,500 n/a IRAN 9,000 30,000 39,000 1,000 1,000 25,000 26,000 n/a USA 1,200 9,500 10,700 1,200 1,200 10,000 11,200 n/a SPAIN 0 7,000 7,000 0 0 7,000 7,000 n/a GREECE 0 5,200 5,200 0 0 6,500 6,500 n/a AFGHANISTAN 0 4,000 4,000 0 0 4,000 4,000 n/a ITALY 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 2,000 2,000 n/a OTHERS 0 6,000 6,000 0 0 5,900 5,900 n/a WORLD TOTAL 13,200 155,700 168,900 7,200 7,200 145,900 153,100 n/a WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 161,700 153,100 Sources: Aegean Exporters' Association, Iran Dried Fruits Exporters Association, California Fig Advisory Board, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association and other INC sources. Prunes / Ciruela Seca / Pruneau / Prugna Secca / Backpflaume / Kuru Erik USA: According to the California Prune Board, the 2020 metric tons, down by 44% from the previous year. However, harvest wrapped up on schedule and growers worked through combined with the carry-in from 2019, handlers should have the challenges of wildfires and market disruptions caused by sufficient supply for the new selling season. COVID-19 to harvest premium quality fruit consisting of an At the conclusion of the 2019 crop year (July 31, 2020) optimum range of sizes. With early industry projections of a international shipments jumped 17% and domestic shipments short crop, growers and handlers estimate production at 45,000 improved by 12%, as compared to the previous year.

Estimated World Prune Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock CHILE 9,538 63,300 72,838 8,000 8,000 55,194 63,194 n/a USA 75,680 79,882 155,562 77,080 77,080 45,000 122,080 n/a FRANCE 46,926 42,462 89,388 61,388 61,388 40,000 101,388 n/a ARGENTINA 10,000 18,000 28,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 30,000 n/a SERBIA 0 5,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 3,500 4,500 n/a AUSTRALIA 826 3,028 3,854 2,200 2,200 2,000 4,200 n/a ITALY 480 1,830 2,310 900 900 1,200 2,100 n/a SOUTH AFRICA 0 800 800 280 280 600 880 n/a WORLD TOTAL 143,450 214,302 357,752 155,848 155,848 172,494 328,342 n/a WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 201,904 328,342 Sources: California Prune Board, Chile Prunes Association and other INC sources.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 79 Statistical Review

Raisins, Sultanas & Currants 葡萄干 / Uva Pasa / Sec / Uvetta / Rosine / Kuru Üzüm

Turkey. As reported by the Aegean Exporters’ Firstly, the production was negatively affected by frost damage Association, Sultana raisin production for 2020/2021 is during winter. Secondly, the Xinjiang region was under lockdown estimated at 271,000 metric tons. for 45 days starting last August due to COVID-19, resulting in a According to the Association’s reports, shipments year partial quantity loss as some fresh grapes dried on the vine or to date (September 1-19, 2020) amounted to 14,960 MT ended up falling to the ground. (US$28.5 million), down by 15% from the same period the By mid-September price was about US$0.8/kg, higher than previous season. During the reported weeks, the European last year. Carry-in inventory stock was already sold out. Union + UK remained as the major market for Turkish Sultana raisins, accounting for 12,739 MT. The top destinations within South Africa. The final marketable product delivered to the region were the UK (83,594 MT), Italy (2,817 MT), Germany conclude the 2019/20 production season was 78,200 MT, from (2,000 MT) and the Netherlands (1,547 MT). which 39% were Thompsons (2% organic), 34% Goldens, 9% Flame, 6% WP, 5% Currants, 3% OR Sultanas and 4% others. USA. The raisin growing region in California experienced good As for 2020/21 production outlook, a good cold winter was weather during the growing season. The wildfires burning in experienced, also with good rainfall in the Western Cape (winter the surrounding mountains should not have any effect on raisin rainfall region). Dam levels look very good for the next season. At production, processing or quality. The 2020 crop is expected the time of writing this report, spring was in full swing with daily to be smaller compared to the 2019 crop due to a reduction in maximum temperatures on the increase, moving towards 30 ºC, producing acres and less crop per acre. and vineyards have reacted to the higher temperatures. COVID-19 resulted in increased shipments during the spring The industry is working closely with growers and processors and early summer due to higher demand from consumers and to further improve product quality aspects, through the manufacturers alike. Shipments have since normalized and are implementation of measures to standardize the current grading back to 2019 levels. system of raw material, for implementation in 2021. Full capacity at the Cape Town harbor has been reinstated, Iran. According to the Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association, hence supporting shipments to markets during Q2 and Q3. harvesting of the new crop started by mid-September, with Although during July some difficulties were experienced due no recorded damages. As previously forecasted earlier in the to COVID-19 related implications and also poor weather season, production is expected to reach 170,000 MT. conditions, the logistical situation of shipments to markets Because of the good price last year, farmers were more improved over August and September. Demand (exports) for inclined to produce more Golden this year, which crop is raisins from South African origin keeps increasing sharply year- anticipated to reach 50,000 MT. Domestic consumption is on-year, although this year, at lower market prices compared forecasted at 40,000 MT. to the previous marketing season. The market outlook remains optimistic for the remainder of the year despite the negative China. Chinese raisin production for 2020/21 was updated implications of COVID-19. to 100,000 MT, 26% below the previous forecast of 135,000 MT.

Estimated World Raisin / Sultana / Currant Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock TURKEY 10,000 305,000 315,000 35,000 35,000 271,000 306,000 n/a USA 127,000 232,000 359,000 123,000 123,000 209,000 332,000 n/a IRAN 0 150,000 150,000 34,000 34,000 170,000 204,000 n/a INDIA 0 145,000 145,000 7,000 7,000 150,000 157,000 0 CHINA 10,000 150,000 160,000 10,000 10,000 100,000 110,000 n/a SOUTH AFRICA 12,500 78,200 90,700 10,000 10,000 79,200 89,200 11,500 UZBEKISTAN 0 85,000 85,000 0 0 70,000 70,000 0 CHILE 3,000 65,000 68,000 3,000 3,000 64,300 67,300 n/a ARGENTINA 0 42,000 42,000 1,800 1,800 43,000 44,800 n/a AFGHANISTAN 0 15,000 15,000 0 0 28,000 28,000 0 GREECE 0 25,000 25,000 0 0 22,000 22,000 0 AUSTRALIA 5,700 15,250 20,950 2,380 2,380 15,000 17,380 2,500 OTHERS 0 20,000 20,000 0 0 20,000 20,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 168,200 1,327,450 1,495,650 226,180 226,180 1,241,500 1,467,680 14,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,269,470 1,453,680 Sources: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association, Raisins South Africa, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association, USDA, Dried Fruits Australia, 2019 International Seedless Dried Grape Producing Countries Conference and other INC sources.

80 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review

Special Report California Almond Shipments Source: Almond Board of California Monthly Position Reports. ABC reports are in pounds (lbs.), metric tons equivalents were calculated by INC.

Monthly Domestic Shipments (Metric Tons, Kernel Weight Basis)

40,000 2017/18 35,000 2018/19 2019/20 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0

April May June July August March October January February September November December

Year to Date Domestic Shipments (Metric Tons, Kernel Weight Basis)

400,000 2017/18 YTD 350,000 2018/19 YTD 2019/20 YTD 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0

April May June July August March October January February September November December

Monthly Export Shipments (Metric Tons, Kernel Weight Basis)

100,000 2017/18 90,000 2018/19 2019/20 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

April May June July August March October January February September November December

Year to Date Export Shipments (Metric Tons, Kernel Weight Basis)

800,000 2017/18 YTD 700,000 2018/19 YTD 2019/20 YTD 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0

April May June July August March October January February September November December

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 81 Statistical Review

Export Shipments, Shelled (3-year Average, 2017/18-2019/20)

Metric Tons 88,839

North America 37,500 MT Western Eur. 88 264,300 MT

Central/Eastern Eur. 16,900 MT

Domestic Northeast Asia 376,000 MT 97,400 MT Middle East 69,200 MT North Africa 12,000 MT South/Central Asia 9,400 MT

Southeast Asia Latin America/Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 19,700 MT 9,100 MT 2,600 MT Australasia/Oceania 3,500 MT

Export Shipments, In-shell (Kernel Weight Basis) (3-year Average, 2017/18-2019/20)

Metric Tons 101,755

North America 1 15 MT Western Eur. 1,500 MT

Central/Eastern Eur. 51 MT

Domestic Northeast Asia 2,000 MT 28,700 MT Middle East 13,000 MT North Africa 130 MT South/Central Asia 104,300 MT

Southeast Asia Latin America/Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa 10,400 MT 37 MT 40MT Australasia/Oceania 135 MT

Source: Almond Board of California Monthly Position Reports. ABC reports are in pounds (lbs.), metric tons equivalents were calculated by INC.

82 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Dollars and Sense: Economics and Almond Almond Board of California Quality Propel Gradual Move to Off-Ground Harvesting

The possibility for almonds to never touch the ground during mechanical harvesting is getting closer to reality for California growers. California almond harvesting has been mechanized since the 1970’s, with most central valley orchards on nearly level terrain, which facilitates mechanical harvesting.

Inherent in this process, almonds are shaken to the ground where they dry naturally before being swept up and collected, which creates dust. Growers fine tune existing equipment settings to best match field conditions or they purchase specially designed low-dust equipment. One of the key goals for the California Almond Orchard 2025 Goals is to improve local air quality during harvest. Outside of further refinements to existing harvesting systems, the almond industry and key equipment manufacturers are exploring the concept of off-ground harvesting. Researchers and growers are experimenting by testing equipment and drying options already used by different crops and farming regions globally. Brian Walbrink, Co- Owner of Sperry Farms, and The newest off-ground almond harvesting system that an ABC Board member and has been successfully introduced to California’s almond 2020 Chair of the Harvest Work harvest is the TOL Incorporated, Tulare California TWIN D T4 Group, has experimented shakers. The unique design of these machines allows them with off-ground harvesting to efficiently shake almond trees of all sizes and planting in his orchards and traveled to Israel to see how they currently dimensions. The nuts are captured onto the machine frame harvest this way. In the short term he is examining ways to and then laid out onto a windrow. The use of these machines catch the almonds, then condition and still dry them in field, helps to eliminate the need for sweeping, thereby significantly while trying to eliminate sweeping with this semi-off-ground reducing the amount of dust generated during harvest. This approach. At the same time for new orchards, modifying their equipment was customized for California almond orchards configuration is a consideration. In addition to possible labor in collaboration with AFRON Machinery Limited of Israel. and dust saving benefits, since the almonds would never touch AFRON have been well known globally for over 50 years for the ground, less orchard floor maintenance is required, which unique designs and engineering skills to manufacture varied could result in food safety and environmental benefits. He said equipment for tree crops. The TWIN D shakers were first at the end of the day, an evolution to full off-ground harvesting introduced in 2014 for almond growers in Israel. We have since systems would be extremely beneficial for California growers made specific changes in design to accommodate the almond both economically and sustainably. orchards in California.

84 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Record Crop for the California Walnut Industry Opens New Opportunities

Harvest is almost complete for what’s been forecast as a record walnut crop, and market prospects look good as global demand continues to rise.

On August 28, 2020, the USDA NASS released the Objective Measurement of the 2020 California walnut crop, estimating production at 780,000 short tons (707,604 metric tons), an increase of 19% over the prior year. “The industry has been expecting increases given continued growth in new acreage, more densely planted orchards, orchard management improvements and heavier yielding varieties and has planned accordingly,” states grower Robert Driver, California Walnut Commission (CWC) Chairperson. Recent months have seen an increase in walnut sales in the U.S. retail segment with consumers both cooking and baking more often as well as looking for foods that support overall wellness. The same holds true for many international markets as consumers have been cooking and baking more at home. February 24 through September 6, overall walnut retail sales volumes were up 15.4% over 2019. According to IRI data, grocery alone performed even better, with volume increases of 24.4% during that time. The industry has stepped up to meet consumer demand with multiple national retail programs in 2021, including the fourth year supporting promotions during American Heart Month and a new snacking promotion. To take full advantage of the large crop, California Walnuts is supporting the national domestic retail programs with a multi- million-dollar advertising campaign. Retailers and consumers outreach programs are in place across key markets to provide are also increasingly embracing e-commerce which has inspiration on new and exciting ways to use and consume opened new avenues for retail promotion. In response to the walnuts in order to keep consumer momentum moving changing shopping habits of consumers, we have shifted more forward. Multi-media campaigns are planned for Germany and resources towards innovative digital programs reaching online India utilizing a combination of traditional and digital media. shoppers and other target consumers through influencer Export retail programs will encompass activities online as campaigns. well as in modern and traditional retail channels to increase “While tremendous growth opportunity exists in the awareness and provide valuable health messaging. U.S. market, there’s also opportunity overseas as the Walnuts are a versatile ingredient that should not be same consumer trends are expanding for healthy, clean, overlooked. They are a powerhouse of nutrition offering nutritious foods,” said Michelle Connelly, Executive Director essential ALA omega-3 (2.5g/oz.), and plant-based protein of the California Walnut Board (CWB) and CEO of the (4g/oz.) with benefits that are critical to consumers with California Walnut Commission (CWC). “We will also amplify shoppers’ growing interest in consuming foods with both our messaging around storing walnuts in the refrigerator great taste and functional benefits. The industry’s investment and/or freezer to maximize shelf life as shoppers look to in nutrition research continues to identify how walnuts may reduce waste while stocking their homes with nutritious play a role in consumer public health issues like gut health, foods.” The industry has continued to adapt to tariff market sleep quality, mental health and obesity. With more walnuts challenges, while pursuing new markets for walnuts and available, product developers can expand use of walnuts as a creating opportunities for diversification across retail, food key ingredient to meet growing consumer demand for plant- manufacturing/industrial and foodservice. Educational and based foods that also deliver proven health benefits.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 85 Industry News

Study Shows Pistachios May Be Helpful in a Weight-Loss Plan

Regular pistachio consumption may promote favorable changes in the diet, lower blood pressure, and contribute to weight loss in a behavioral weight- loss program.

Nut-loving consumers looking to lose a few pounds can feel better about keeping pistachios at hand as a result of a new study. The study published in the July issue of Nutrients, shows adding US pistachios to the diet may contribute to weight loss, in the context of a calorie-restricted diet in a behavioral intervention, and may contribute additional health benefits such as lowering blood pressure. While several scientific studies have shown that pistachios may help maintain a healthy weight and not cause weight gain, this study is the first one to examine the role of pistachios as part of a weight-loss plan in a real-world setting. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego investigated whether US pistachios could be used as part of a weight-loss program in a study with 100 healthy, overweight According to the lead researcher, Cheryl Rock PhD, RD, and obese individuals. All participants received general dietary “This study adds to the body of evidence that US pistachios and behavioral weight-loss advice, and instruction on ways can be a component of a weight-loss diet, can increase to increase their physical activity. Half of the participants intake of key nutrients, and can promote a healthy dietary included 1.5 ounces of pistachios in their daily diet (Pistachio pattern”. group) and the other half did not (Control group). Researchers Studies have shown US pistachios have a unique set measured the participants’ health information, diet and lab of nutrients that have multiple health benefits. They are tests for cardiovascular disease risk at the beginning and end a complete protein, containing all 9 of the essential amino of the 4-month study. acids required to sustain health for those 5 years and According to the researchers, both groups lost about older. They have mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids 5 percent of their body weight and significantly decreased which are beneficial for lowering the risk of cardiovascular their waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). disease, contain the phytonutrients lutein and zeaxanthin Waist circumference and BMI are indicators of not only which have protective properties for the eyes from blue obesity, but whether or not there could be a risk for diseases light and ultraviolet light, and are a high in fiber, phosphorus such as diabetes and heart disease. In addition to these and vitamin B6. US pistachios can fit into a weight-loss and measurements, there were added benefits to the Pistachio weight maintenance plan and with the variety of nutrients group, including lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in them, can improve the quality of the diet. increased fiber intake and lower consumption of sweets than the Control group. The Pistachio group also had higher blood levels of the antioxidant carotenoids of lutein, alpha- and 1. Rock, C. L., Zunshine, E., Nguyen, H. T., Perez, A. O., Zoumas, C., Pakiz, B., & White, M. M. (2020). Effects of Pistachio Consumption in a Behavioral Weight beta-carotene, and a healthier ratio of poly- and mono- Loss Intervention on Weight Change, Cardiometabolic Factors, and Dietary unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. Intake. Nutrients, 12(7), 2155.

86 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Environmental Monitoring: 4 Questions from the Industry

JON KIMBLE and KYLA IHDE Jon Kimble, Senior Food Safety Manager Environmental monitoring is incredibly important for companies in Kyla Ihde, Laboratory Manager the food industry, and we are here to answer four of the industry’s Safe Food Alliance most pressing questions about environmental monitoring!

Is it an FDA requirement or a you test for? It seems there is you need to think about how an organism strong recommendation for not an obvious concern for can travel. It can travel on shoes, on environmental monitoring for any specific pathogen. brooms, on forklifts. If your foot frame or rte foods? If your product is not ready to eat, and your floor (traffic areas) are positive for a In areas where your company is handling similar products have not historically had pathogen, that pathogen can potentially product that is 1) considered a ready- any recalls or pathogen issues, typically spread throughout your entire facility. to-eat food, and 2) is exposed to the the purpose for swabbing is to determine Best practices for vector swabbing are to environment (not entirely contained “Is the processing environment clean in test the area that you got the positive for in a package), the FDA expects you to general?” In these cases, it’s common to or presumptive positive, depending on conduct environmental monitoring. They test for indicator organisms to ensure how you do your vector swabbing. do not tell you precisely what or how to the cleaning and sanitation activities monitor. It’s up to each food company are productive. You may also check the What are the best practices to determine whether to monitor for ambient air at strategic times to see if it’s when there is a positive hit specific pathogens, indicator organisms, contaminated. One of the key benefits on a pathogen on the input or both. You are also responsible for of testing for indicator organisms is line but not on the finished developing a sampling schedule for the results are quantitative, not just a product? this monitoring (locations, types of positive/negative result, but instead If there is a positive pathogen result on samples, frequency). The FDA will also a numerical value. Having this type of the input line, you should assume it’s expect to see some associated product result allows you to trend them over time, getting into the product. It is not safe testing when you meet the above two to better determine the effectiveness to conclude that if you did not find it in conditions. Remember, the greater of your sanitation program. It’s also the finished product, it’s not present the risk, the greater the frequency for important to consider the moisture level somewhere in the product or process. swabbing. of your product, the type of processing A negative test is not enough to tell you It is also important to point out the conducted onsite, and past results from the same organism is not present in the FDA’s definition of ready-to-eat may monitoring. Based on these factors, you finished product. Pathogens are usually differ from what you’re thinking. Ready- can better determine which pathogens distributed sporadically and can be easily to-eat is defined as “any food that is present the most considerable risk to missed in sampling. normally eaten in its raw state or any your product. Typically for low moisture If you think about how much product other food, including processed food, for foods produced in a dry facility, you would you run across that line or through which it is reasonably foreseeable that want to swab for Salmonella, E. coli, and that input and output, and only sample the food will be eaten without further coliform. For wet environments, Listeria potentially 375 grams (or less) of a processing that would significantly is a must, along with other appropriate 45,000-pound load, statistically, you minimize biological hazards.” Under organisms. might miss contamination. You want this definition, foods like dough your actions to be based on scientific are considered ready-to-eat! We all What is vector swabbing? information and be data-driven, not remember tragic instances when recalls Vector swabbing is a crucial way to based on samples taken. You want to and consumer illnesses took place by ensure that your facility has not been prevent anything from getting into your consuming raw cookie dough. contaminated after finding a positive product before it puts consumers and result. Here’s an example: Let’s say we your company at risk. For non-rte products that are talking about a foot frame on a piece require a customer kill step of processing equipment. You’re running and do not have a historical the line; people are sweeping and putting For more information, visit our website safefoodalliance.com or email us at pathogen issue, what would everything into the trash. In this instance, [email protected].

88 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

California Prunes Doubles Down on Virtual Nutrition Events to Engage a Broader Audience

New circumstances have shifted consumer behavior, fueled the focus on healthy eating habits, and prioritized digital optimization for California Prunes. As in-person events like Produce for Better Health’s (PBH) annual Consumer Connection Conference and Today’s Dietitian Annual Spring Symposium went digital, it brought about more opportunities for California Prunes to reach a wider range of nutrition professionals via a multi- channel virtual environment. Digital activations such as newsletters, social media integration and webinar- based educational seminars allowed California Prunes to grow their network of nutrition professionals while sharing the benefits of enjoying California Prunes.

“While the pandemic has ignited the dietetics profession, as well as consumers’ focus on healthy foods, the consumer interests and behaviors California Prune industry has always during the pandemic. The survey invested in nutrition research to learn findings revealed interesting insights more about and elevate the health into the type of information consumers benefits of prunes,” said Donn Zea, seek from showing that 60% Executive Director of the California of consumers are interested in shelf- Prune Board. “Nutrition professionals stable fruits and veggies, and 35% of have always been a critical part of RDs are recommending more shelf- our communications. They remain a stable produce. In a September webinar trusted, credible resource of nutrition to Today’s Dietitian members, nutrition information with consumers, and we expert, Leslie Bonci, RD, MPH, CSSD, remain committed to educating them LDN presented these findings and about the benefits of prunes, as they elaborated on the numerous benefits educate the world on how to nourish of shelf-stable foods like California themselves in a healthful way." Prunes, underscoring the importance of dietitians’ role in communicating to The California Prune Acai Bowl recipe was shared Produce for Better Health clients and providing sound and relevant on PBH social posts and ranked among the top 10 In July, California Prunes RD advice about how to eat healthfully. highest-performing partner posts. Ambassador Leslie Bonci and PBH Fruit Greater Interest in Fruit and and Ambassador presented 60% of consumers are Veggies... “From You to Yum!” a webinar designed interested in shelf-stable fruits to showcase how nutrition professionals and veggies, and 35% of RDs can leverage nutrition communications, are recommending more trends, and perceptions to become shelf-stable produce. relevant to consumers today and in the future. Leslie shared tips 32.8% for communicating in an effective, California Prunes Wellness targeted, and memorable way while Hub breaking through the noise of today’s The California Prunes Wellness Hub – environment of information overload. launched earlier this year– continue to Increase in overall fruit and veggie consumption... You can watch the webinar here: https:// serve as a resource for those reached californiaprunes.org/leveraging- via the virtual nutrition events and 41.9% in fresh fruits and veggies nutrition-communications-webinar/. digital activations, providing California 59.3% in frozen fruits and veggies 60.6% in shelf-stable (dried, cups and Prune nutrition research, recipe and cans) fruits and veggies Today's Dietitian Partnership usage inspiration, and an opportunity 35.4% recommending more shelf- stable fruits and veggies Earlier this summer in conjunction with to stay connected with California Today’s Dietitian, a leading organization Prunes via their nutrition professional’s Shelf-stable produce is experiencing greater for nutrition professionals, the newsletter. You can find the California demand during pandemic and offers numerous California Prunes team fielded a survey Prunes Wellness Hub at https:// benefits including no food waste, easy to source, cost-effective given low spoilage potential, and a to gauge the impact of COVID-19 on californiaprunes.org/wellnesshub. wonderful nutrition profile.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 89 Industry News

A New Strategic Direction for Nuts For Life

Earlier this year we drew a close to our previous funding contract with Hort Innovation –finishing the program with many great achievements. After successfully securing another three years of funding from Hort, we’ve started the next phase –with three key objectives to ensure we continue to meet the needs of the industry and to making a real contribution to increasing nut consumption in Australia.

Nuts for Life’s key Heart Health High-level Health Claim objectives: Nuts for Life supported the research to substantiate a nuts and heart health ‘general level health claim (GLHC) in 2015, which now features in nut products in supermarkets across 1. Australia. To help bring this claim to life, and to reinforce the Develop a high-level heart healthiness of nuts, a new logo was developed and health claim for nuts and launched in early 2020. A number of Nuts for Life contributors cardiovascular disease. are already exploring adding this logo to their packs, and there is interest from major retail brands. Heart health is one of the 2. strongest and most successful health messages for nuts. Increase the prominence The development of a high-level health claim (HLHC) that nuts ‘reduce the risk of of nuts in the Australian cardiovascular disease’ will serve to solidify and amplify the general level health claim. It will also Dietary Guidelines. compliment global health claim initiatives, will incentivise other markets to act, and drive export demand. The process for having a HLHC accepted and gazetted by Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) requires significant investment into the research and the application. 3. Reduce the reported Nuts for Life has entered into a new energy content of nuts on pack (NIP). phase of the program with one of our most ambitious plans to date.

Australian Dietary Guidelines Reduce Reported Energy on NIPs In the current 2013 edition of the Australian Dietary The metabolisable energy available from nuts is proposed to Guidelines, nuts are featured in the core food group ‘Lean be 5-30% lower than that estimated by Atwater factors. In meats and poultry, fish, eggs, , nuts and seeds, and line with these findings, the US food manufacturer, KIND, has legumes.’ Whilst they are acknowledged as being nutritious recently updated nutrition information panels on nut bars to alternatives to meat, fish and eggs, and playing an important align with the reduced dietary energy available from nuts. role in plant-based, vegetarian and vegan meals and diets, the Nuts for Life will partner with the University of Wollongong Guidelines also suggest that a 30g serve of nuts should “only to conduct research activities, aimed at exploring how to be used occasionally as a substitute for other foods in the the recalculation of energy from nuts may redefine the group”. relationship between nut consumption and body weight. The In a timely announcement, the Australian Government activities may include a systematic review of the literature, a recently committed to a review of the Guidelines. dietary modelling study, and qualitative research exploring the At the time of preparing this report, Nuts for Life was perceptions in this area among a range of stakeholders. drafting a plan of how to increase nuts’ prominence in the updated Guidelines. This may include a recommendation that nuts be considered in a separate ‘plant protein’ group (together with legumes, seeds, etc) for nuts to be considered For further information on these activities contact: as an essential daily food, and for an increase in the Belinda Neville, Program Manager, [email protected] recommended serve size. Maree Hall, Digital and Communications Manager, [email protected]

90 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

New Gen Z Research Reveals Macadamias’ Relevance to the Demands of Younger Consumers

JACQUI PRICE Australian Macadamias Market Development Manager

The Australian macadamia industry has just released the findings from The Macadamia Innovation its latest consumer insights research. Exploring the world of Gen Z Hotspots for Food Brands (consumers aged 15-25) and their attitudes and behaviours when it Targeting Gen Z comes to food, the study provides a taste of what the future of food may The research revealed that macadamias look like, and where macadamias can play a role. are an appealing, exciting and relevant ingredient for Gen Z in both Western and Asian markets. It identified five key innovation opportunities for food manufacturers to engage and excite Gen Z with macadamias. 1. Experimentation Stations: Macadamias suit bold and brilliant food –unique flavours, cross- cultural fusion and contrasting textures. No combination is off limits. 2. Feel Good Factor: Macadamias naturally play in the plant-based space, enhancing existing alternative products or adding a layer of goodness to a broad range of foods. They’re a foundational part of the plant based movement. 3. Complexity Currency: Treating macadamias in a way that is complex injects uniqueness to the consumption experience, encouraging Gen Zs to The Key Food Narratives of Gen Z share their macadamia experiences. What Gen Z expect from food is markedly different to the expectations of previous Macadamias can make it complex but generations. Gen Z has grown up in a time of flux, fluidity and mass disruption, fun. and are no strangers to innovation. With a heightened sense of health and 4. Supercharged: Macadamias’ protein environmental awareness, Gen Z’s expectations around food are high but they also and healthy fats tap into a desire for demand ‘different’. A number of Gen Z food narratives emerged from the research. wholesome, supercharged products. They can help create strong and - The ‘Dalgona’ effect. Food is a form of social currency, feeding Gen Z’s appetite powerful food that packs a punch. for creativity and technical perfection in what they eat. Food must look as good as 5. Aesthetic Amplification:Macadamias it tastes. can transform products visually, adding - Pimp my snack. Traditional mealtimes and sizes are blurring for Gen Z, as small but multi-faceted layers that create intrigue mighty snacking takes centre stage. to a generation demanding food to - Cultural rediscovery. Younger consumers are embracing tradition and the impress. They can help create products celebration of nostalgic foods that connect to and heritage. that look as good as they taste. - Feel good food. They are actively looking for greater control and transparency on food and its origins. The insights in this article are from “Macadamias, Gen Z rejects the traditional view that ‘healthy’ food must be Gen Z and the Future of Food” carried out by - Healthy delicious. research agency FiftyFive5 for Australian bland and boring. Macadamias in August 2020.

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 91 Industry News

Nucis Italia Triumphs at Nutrimi 2020

Scientific know-how and ability to innovate were the key words of the XIV edition of the Congress on Practical Nutrition. These qualities have always characterized Nucis Italia and allowed the organization to win the award.

Nutrimi is a congress on Practical when? Review of Nutritional Benefits”. support of some of the most popular Nutrition that has brought together The topic was also highlighted by an nutrition influencers in Italy. Captivating Milan health professionals, researchers, article on the Nutrimi website1, that photos by food stylists and delicious media and companies operating in was also shared on Nutrimi social pages recipes capable of satisfying all tastes, the food and beverage industry for 14 and sent to the large community of helped nuts and dried fruits to become years. For the first time this year, the Nutrimi nutritionists through the weekly more and more popular and a part of event was held online July 6-7. This newsletter. everyone’s diet, using modern and edition, containing more than 40 hours The virtual and interactive stand, credible messaging through Instagram of online training, more than 1,200 by Nucis, registered more than 1,500 and Facebook. attendees connected from all over visits in two days. All visitors had The brand promotion and the Italy and thousands of virtual visits the opportunity to download free related messages, conveyed to Nutrimi to the partners’ stands, reached an information material, learn more about among health professionals will also unprecedented level. the Association, interact via chat continue in September, October, As a main partner for the event, with company representatives and November and December 2020 with Nucis Italia thoroughly shared this nutritionists, and request the 2021 the activation of the online ECM FAD success, making major contributions information kit for their clinic. (online training for health professionals and by supporting the scientific The Association was also at the recognized by the Italian Ministry of program as well as the virtual exhibition center of attention during one of the Health), along with the publication of area. Moreover, Alessandra Bordoni, most anticipated moments of the the Nucis logo and the access to the President of Nucis Italia's Scientific Congress. During the ceremony on July speech of Professor Bordoni. Committee, gave a speech, in which 7, Nucis was awarded the NutriGold All in all, it was a very positive she conveyed the importance of 2020 prize for “Best Nutritional response, and further proof of the enhancing and promoting an adequate Innovation”, for the merits of its continuous success of Nutrimi, that consumption of nuts and dried fruits nutrition campaign, “Frutta secca è also demonstrates the intention of among athletes. The speech was well benessere” (Dried fruit is healthy). The never wanting to stop, not even in these received by numerous nutritionists, campaign successfully showed on social particularly difficult times for the world dietitians, doctors and health media the most beautiful, gourmet and the global economy. professionals. The platform registered and innovative aspects of nuts and over 500 connections on Tuesday, July dried fruit, while also emphasizing its 7, during her speech “Dried fruit and nutritional qualities, thanks to the use 1. https://www.nutrimi.it/frutta-secca-perche-e- physical activity: which, how much and of new and trendy language and the adatta-anche-alla-dieta-di-chi-fa-sport/

92 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Chile, a Southern Hemisphere Powerhouse

Chile is the undisputed fruit Walnut orchards have shown explosive growth, averaging 2,800 planted hectares production leader of the Southern over the past few years, with a peak of 4,000 hectares in 2012. Today, the cultivated Hemisphere, with a wide range of surface area has surpassed 47,000 hectares according to estimates from Chilenut. species and varieties that allows This coverage not only makes Chile the number one walnut grower in the the country to supply over 70 Southern Hemisphere, but a world-class powerhouse, and number two exporter behind California. By the year 2021, Chilenut is projecting a record-breaking markets around the globe. Why? production of 163 thousand metric tons, thanks to a winter with normal rainfall, Because it has exceptional natural good snowpack and favorable weather conditions. By 2024, the trade association is conditions for the development of estimating that production will top 200 thousand metric tons. fruit recognized by the world for its This information was constructed based on a production model that takes into health benefits. account the average yields of Chile’s fields and the newly planted surface area, data that was obtained through a fruit survey carried out by the Chilean government, plus information regarding the number of walnut trees sold annually provided by the Chilean Plant Nursery Association (Asociación de Viveros de Chile), see Graph 1.

Graph 1. Chilean Walnut Production and Projection for the Next 10 Years. Metric tons. Production Projection

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Regarding production in 2020, which added up to 129,000 metric tons, although it hasn’t been an easy season due to the pandemic, the Chilean industry has reacted well in terms of fulfilling its shipments, and as of September 15, the industry has shipped or committed 90% of its production. This information and the data generated by Chilenut can be downloaded from www.chilenut.cl.

Our validated process produces the highest quality product for every nut type.

Meet the New Leader in Processing

TM

Organic | Effective 5-Log Kill | Low Operating Cost Flexible | Consistent | Efficient

Visit Us | www.laitrammachinery.com Call Us | (504) 570-5299

November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT 93 Advertisers List

Gentle Clean Reliable Conveying AUSTRALIA MWT FOODS PTY LTD 33

BELGIUM OPTIMUM SORTING 20

TOMRA SORTING NV 59

BRAZIL CAIBA INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO S/A 24

CHILE EXPORTADORA ANAKENA LTDA 56

FRANCE EUROBROKER S.A. 45

GERMANY EUROFINS ANALYTIK GMBH 29

KREYENBORG 12

PALM NUTS & MORE KG 27 Z-Conveyor IRAN KOUROSH PISTACHIO COMPANY 6

MIDDLE EASTERN NUTS (IRNUTS) 4

ITALY CIMBRIA S.R.L. 22 Decades of Global Experience World-Wide Experts in Cable Conveying Solutions CONNECT S.R.L. 11

45 65 900 30,000 V. BESANA S.P.A. 16 Years in Business Countries Served Products Moved Installations MOROCCO SANTIS SARL 10

(641) 673-8451 SPAIN BORGES - BAIN 66 www.cablevey.com CRISOLAR NUTS, S.L.

Cablevey is a registered trademark of Intraco, Inc. 04/2017 Back Inside Cover INCUS TECHNOLOGY S.L. Front Inside Cover

JOAN ESCODA S.A. 45

MASETO, S.L. 3

MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING COMPANY 83

NUTFRUIT CONNECTS YOU WORLDWIDE SECOEX 56 UK BUHLER UK LTD. 21

KENKKO CORPORATION LIMITED 13

U.S.A. ALMOND BOARD OF CALIFORNIA 11

CABLEVEY CONVEYORS 94

CALIFORNIA PRUNE BOARD 46

CAMPOS BROTHERS FARMS 25

FISHER NUT COMPANY 34

KEY TECHNOLOGY 8

LAITRAM MACHINERY 93

SACRAMENTO PACKING, INC. 31

SETTON INTERNATIONAL FOODS, INC. Back Outside Cover

ADVERTISE NOW! WILBUR PACKAGING COMPANY 87

94 November 2020 | NUTFRUIT November 2020 | NUTFRUIT

CRACKER AD 2019.indd 1 4/23/2019 5:22:36 PM