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Home , Anterior clinoid process, Anterior cranial fossa, Articular tubercle, Bone, Bregma, Carotid canal

Cranial () Calarvia Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital Cranial Facial skeleton (Viscerocranium)

Skull - 1 Neurocranium:  Frontal, Parietal, Temporal  Mainly membranous formation

Skull - 2 Neurocranium: cranial base Midline Ethmoid Sphenoid Occipital Bilateral Temporal  magnum

Skull - 3 Viscerocranium: anterior view Viscerocranium Ethmoid, , , Zygoma, Nasal, Lacrimal, Inferior nasal chonae, Palatine

Skull - 4 nasal cavities: septum  : perpendicular plate of ethmoid + vomer

Skull - 5 Lateral wall of  Inferior nasal chonae

Ethmoid bone

Skull - 6 Viscerocranium: inferior view

 Palatine  Maxilla  Zygoma

Skull - 7 Sutures and  Coronal coronal   Metopic suture

Skull - 8 Skull: posterior view  external occipital protuberance (inion)   superior nuchal line  inferior nuchal line

Skull - 9 Superior nuchal line  Attachment of muscles; e.g. Splenius capitis (“bandage”) from spinous of C7/T1-3 to superior nuchal line; draw backwards

Superior nuchal line Splenius capitis

Skull - 10 Skull: lateral view  Frankfurt plane (anatomical position, OrbitoMeatal line): upper margin of ext. acoustic - floor → horizontal  superior temporal line; inferior temporal line  external acoustic meatus; mastoid process  level of ., mid., post. cranial fossae Skull - 11 OrbitoMeatal line (OM line) in

 from lateral to external acoustic meatus

Skull - 12

Skull - 13 Superior temporal line and Temporalis muscle

Posterior view Skull - 14 Skull from front

 Supercillary arch  Zygomatic proc. of  Frontal proc. of maxilla  Frontal proc. of zygoma

Skull - 15 Internal surface of the skull: The roof (vault)

 sagittal  coronal fissure  lambdoid fissure  grooves for middle meningeal ,

Skull - 16 Grooves for middle mengigeal

Foramen spinosum

Skull - 17 Sagittal fissure: superior sagittal  sup. sagittal sinus (SSS) sagittal suture

Skull - 18 Sagittal fissure:  Dura extending from skull

Skull - 19 Dural sinuses in Posterior cranial  groove for transverse sinus; confluence of the sinus - internal occipital protuberance  tentorium cerebelli: separating from [- ]

Skull - 20 Inner surface of Anterior  Frontal bone: Orbital plate: thin except near superciliary arch; frontal air sinus  Lesser wing of sphenoid: ant. clinoid processes  : (attachment of falx cerebri) 

Skull - 21 Inner surface of (1/2)  : petrous part: thick, contains inner  Hypophyseal fossa = (Turk‘s saddle); ,  Ant. clinoid process (clinoid in Latin: bed-side); Post. clinoid process;

Anterior clinoid process

Skull - 22 Sella turcica  Tuberculum sella  Hypophyseal fossa:  Dorsum sella

Skull - 23 Sella turcica in

Skull - 24 Inner surface of Middle cranial fossa (2/2) (V1), (V2), (V3) ; opening of Int. Carodtid Art –

Skull - 25 Inner surface of Posterior fossa  petrous portion of temporal ()  int. acoustic meatus (N. VII and N. VIII.)  to and from : ; ; hypoglossal

Skull - 26 Inner surface of , Temporal bone  Occipital bone: Basilar part, []; Lateral parts; Squamous part (squama occipitalis)  Temporal bone: Squamous part; Petrous part; (Mastoid part; Sytloid process)

Skull - 27 Floor (Outer surface) of middle cranial fossa-1  foramen ovale (V3); foramen spinosum: (spine of sphenoid bone close to foramen) for middle meningeal a.  foramen lacerum: ()

Skull - 28 Floor (Outer surface) of middle cranial fossa-2  , articular

Skull - 29 Outer surface of Post. cranial fossa

 sphenoid and occipital fused in the midline  opening of (ICA)  (CN VII) 

Skull - 30 carotid canal for internal carotid artery

http://dc311.4shared.com/doc/WfGJhex5/preview.html Skull - 31 internal carotid artery (ICA)

Skull - 32 http://dermatologic.com.ar/7.htm Outer surface of Post. cranial fossa  jugular foramen  occipital (medial opening hidden under condyle)  styloid process: stylohyoid lig.  mastoid process: air cell ↔ sternocleidomastoid

Skull - 33 Occoital-Atas

 Occipital bone: (condyle)  C1 : sup. facet

Skull - 34 Skull (cranial skeleton): review

 Neurocranium External surface Interior (cranial fossa) Anterior Middle Posterior  Openings and contents through them

Skull - 35 Facial skeleton Cranial skeleton (Neurocranium) Facial skeleton (Viscerocranium) Ear Orbit Nasal cavity / Nasopharynx Oral cavity / and Mandible  Temporal bone Sphenoid bone

Skull - 36 Ear  External ear External auditory meatus  Middle ear ()  Pharyngotympanic tube Auditroy  Inner ear (petrous part)

Skull - 37 external auditory meatus

Skull - 38 3 ossicles  (handle on tympanic membrane)  (rest on fenestra vestibuli)

Skull - 39 Inner ear: petrous part of temporal bone  Vestibula, Semicircular canels  internal accoustic meatus: vestibulocochlear (8th) and (7th)

Skull - 40 : internal acoustic meatus; stylomastoid foramen

Skull - 41 Temporal bone  External surface  Squamous part   Mastoid part  Styloid process  Internal surface  Petrous part

Skull - 42 Bony orbits: roof  superciliary arch of frontal bone: thickened

 supraorbital notch (foramen): supraorbital n. (V1), vessels  floor of ant. cranial fossa: thin  lesser wing of sphenoid 

Lesser wing, Sphenoid

Skull - 43 Sphenoid bone  Greater wing  Lesser wing  Sphenoid body  Medial pterygoid plate  Lateral pterygoid plate  Superior orbital fissure

Skull - 44 Bony orbits: lateral wall-1

 frontal proc. of zygomatic bone  zygomatic proc. of frontal bone

Skull - 45 Zygomatic bone

 Frontal process  Maxillary process  Temporal process

F

T M

Skull - 46 Bony orbits: lateral wall-2

 Greater wing of sphenoid  superior orbital fissure (where roof and lateral wall meet)  (where lateral wall and floor meet)

Skull - 47 Bony orbits: floor-1  thin orbital floor  maxillary process of zygomatic bone  on malar surface

Maxillary proc., Zygoma

Skull - 48 Bony orbits: floor-2  Maxilla 

Skull - 49 Bony orbits: floor-3 Right orbit  infraorbital n.: enters from through inf. orbital fissure → lateral medial → →

Infraorbital foramen Skull - 50 Bony orbits: medial wall-1

 frontal process of maxilla Frontal bone  frontal bone Right orbit 

 fossa for → Frontal process → of inferior maxilla  orbital plate of ethmoid: lateral medial (ethmoidal air cells medial to this)

Skull - 51 Bony orbits: medial wall-2

Right orbit  orbital plate of  body of sphenoid: Body of completes the lower sphenoid part of  optic canal (where lateral roof and medial wall meet) medial

Skull - 52 Bony orbits: medial wall-3

ant. & post. ethmoidal Frontal bone foramina transmitting Frontal corresponding vessels process (br. of ophthalmic a.) to of maxilla supply nasal cavity and ethmoidal air cells

Skull - 53 Openings of orbit

Frontal bone  1. optic foramen (canal)  2. sup. orbital fissure

 3. inf. orbital fissure Frontal process  4. nasolacrimal canal of maxilla  5. ant. & post. ethmoidal foramina

Skull - 54 Contents of orbital openings

III, IV, V1, VI

V2 branch

Skull - 55 Nasal cavity-1

; cartilage plates; maxilla;

Skull - 56 nasal cavities and nasopharynx-2  nasal septum: perpendicular plate of ethmoid + vomer

Skull - 57 Roof of nasal cavity

 cribriform plate of ethmoid; frontal & nasal bone anteriorly; sphenoid posteriorly

Skull - 58 Floor of nasal cavity

 ant. 2/3: palatine process of maxilla  post. 1/3: horizontal plate of palatine

Skull - 59 Lateral wall of nasal cavity-1  Superior: ethmoid (ethmoidal air cells); inferior: maxilla (maxillary sinus); posterior: perpendicular plate of palatine  perpendicular plate separates the nasal cavity from pterygopalatine fossa

Ethmoid bone

Skull - 60 Pterygopalatine fossa

Skull - 61 Lateral wall of nasal cavity-2

opens from nasal cavity to pterygopalatine fossa.  further posteriorly, the medial surface of medial pterygoid plate completes the lateral wall

Medial pterygoid plate, palatine bone

Skull - 62 Extension of bones into Nasal cavity-1

 Shells of bones extending into the nasal cavities:  1) superior concha: part of ethmoid  2) middle concha: part of ethmoid  3) inferior concha: a separate bone

Skull - 63 Extension of bones into Nasal cavity-2  4 channels in nasal cavity:  1) : above superior concha, 2) sup. 3) mid. and 4) inf. nasal meatus

Skull - 64 Ethmoid bone

 Cristal galli  Perpendicular plate  Cribriform plate  Lateral and inferior extension  Superior concha  Middle concha

Skull - 65 communicate with nasal cavities and nasopharynx , ethomidal air cells, maxillary & sphenoidal sinus

Skull - 66 Nasopharynx

Skull - 67 Bony walls of nasopharynx  (raphe) attaches to pharyngeal tubercle; medial pterygoid plate; auditory tube (cartilaginous part)

Skull - 68 Oral cavity: upper jaw  maxilla; ;

Skull - 69 Bony palate-1  fossa/foramen: septal br. of sphenopalatine a. + nasopalatine n. (connection between oral and nasal cavity)

Skull - 70 Bony palate-2  midline suture; transverse suture: palatine/ maxilla  : ↔ pterygopalatine fossa  of medial pterygoid plate

Transverse suture

Skull - 71 Pterygoid of sphenoid bone  Lateral pterygoid plate (lamina)  Medial pterygoid plate (lamina)  Pterygoid hamulus

Skull - 72 lower jaw (mandible)  body; alveolar process; angle; ramus: head of mandible (condylar proc.); coronoid proc.

Coronoid process

Skull - 73 Medial surface of mandible-1  inf. alveolar n. (branch of V3), vessels Entrance into Lingula: triangular, for sphenomandibular lig. mylohyoid groove: mylohyoid n., vessels Mylohyoid groove : attachment of

Skull - 74 Medial surface of mandible-2  rough area at angle and post. margin of ramus: med. pterygoid muscle attachment

Skull - 75 Lateral surface of mandible

attachment;

Skull - 76 Mandibular foramen; Mental foramen

Skull - 77 (TM joint, TMJ)

 head of mandible ↔ mandibular fossa +

Skull - 78

 Body  greater cornu  lesser cornu (stylohyoid lig.)

Skull - 79 Skull: review

 Neurocranium External surface Interior: Anterior, Middle,  Facial skeleton Ear, Orbit Nasal and Oral cavities Mandible  Openings and contents through them

Skull - 80